ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Experiences with Situation Aware Service Provision
Authors: Bernhard Holtkamp, Manfred Wojciechowski
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing (2007)

A growing number of frameworks and middleware for context aware application exists as prototypes. Only little information with practical deployment is available. The COMPASS system has been developed as a platform for multilingual, personalized and situation aware provision of mobile services to help visitors of the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing. In a field test a group of external users tested the COMPASS system in its target environment. This paper describes some results of the field test regarding situation aware service provision.
Energy-optimizing source code transformations for operating system-driven embedded software
Authors: Yunsi Fei, Srivaths Ravi, Anand Raghunathan, Niraj K. Jha
Venue: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) (2007)

This paper proposes four types of source code transformations for operating system (OS)-driven embedded software programs to reduce their energy consumption. Their key features include spanning of process boundaries and minimization of the energy consumed in the execution of OS services&mdash;opportunities which are beyond the reach of conventional compiler optimizations and source code transformations. We have applied the proposed transformations to several multiprocess benchmark programs in the context of an embedded Linux OS running on an Intel StrongARM processor. They achieve up to 37.9&percnt; (23.8&percnt;, on average) energy reduction compared to highly compiler-optimized implementations.
Coverage-preserving Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Jumin Wu, Yang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 02 (2007)

The power is the most significant resource in wireless sensor nodes, so energy conservation is the most important factor in designing the protocol for sensor networks. In this paper, we study the problem of energy-efficient collection of the physical information from the target area. The coverage-preserving data gathering (CPDG) problem is to build up a tree, which minimizes the total energy consumption, and preserves the original coverage to ensure the result correctness. This problem can be formalized as 0-1 Integer linear Programming, and solved by an efficient heuristic algorithm. Furthermore, an improved algorithm is also proposed to balance the energy consumption among all the sensor nodes. The experimental results show that CPDG algorithm can conserve the energy about 30% of PEDAP protocol, which is regarded as one of the most efficient data gathering protocols as we know.
A lossless data hiding scheme based on three-pixel block differences
Authors: Ching-Chiuan Lin, Nien-Lin Hsueh
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2008)

This paper proposes a data hiding scheme that losslessly embeds a message into a cover image using the two differences-between the first and the second pixel as well as between the second and the third pixel-in a three-pixel block. In the cover image, an absolute difference between a pair of pixels is selected to embed the message if the number of pixel pairs with the difference in the image is the largest. To embed a bit ''1'' or ''0'', the selected difference is increased by 1 or left unchanged, respectively. In the best case, a three-pixel block can embed two bits ''11'' and only the central pixel needs to be increased or decreased by 1. The average payload capacity among the test images can be up to 2.08 bits per pixel (bpp).
Can Irrational Investors Survive? A Social-Computing Perspective
Authors: Yongjie Zhang, Wei Zhang
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Extending finance theories using agent-based computational methods serves two purposes. First, it contributes to solving the intractability problem in behavioral-finance research. Second, it enlarges the agent-based method's application domain. The authors describe their research to extend behavioral finance using agent-based computing, then investigate some key issues in designing artificial stock markets. As their experiments show, agent-based modeling makes a meaningful contribution in extending financial economic theories. This article is part of a special issue on social computing.
Bilingual Search Engine Augmented with Query Expansion
Authors: Nuttanart Facundes, Ratchaneekorn Theva-Aksorn
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2007)

Nowadays, distributed information in the form of linguistic resources is accessible throughout the internet. Search engines have become crucial for information retrieval since users need to find and retrieve relevant information in various languages and forms. The objective of this paper is to investigate the application of query expansion technique to improve cross-language information retrieval in English and Thai. As the method of evaluation of query expansion, we investigate whether the expanded terms are useful for the search.
Two-Step Particle Swarm Optimization to Solve the Feature Selection Problem
Authors: Rafael Bello, Yudel Gomez, Ann Nowe, Maria M. Garcia
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2007)

In this paper we propose a new model of Particle Swarm Optimization called Two-Step PSO. The basic idea is to split the heuristic search performed by particles into two stages. We have studied the performance of this new algorithm for the Feature Selection problem by using the reduct concept of the Rough Set Theory. Experimental results obtained show that the Two-step approach improves over the PSO model in calculating reducts, with the same computational cost.
Toward Prediction of Environmental Arctic Change
Authors: Wieslaw Maslowski, Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Jaromir Jakacki
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2007)

Models help researchers understand past and present states as well as predict scenarios of environmental change in the Arctic. The authors analyze results on melting sea ice from a regional coupled ice-ocean model and demonstrate their robustness independent of timescales for surface temperature and salinity relaxation.
Automatic Detection of Facial Landmarks from AU-coded Expressive Facial Images
Authors: Yulia Gizatdinova, Veikko Surakka
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2007)

The present aim was to develop a fully automatic feature-based method for expression-invariant detection of facial landmarks from still facial images. It is a continuation of our earlier work where we found that some certain muscle contractions made a deteriorating effect on the feature-based landmark detection especially in the lower face. Taking into account this crucial facial behavior, we introduced improvements to the method that allowed facial landmarks to be fully automatically detected from expressive images of high complexity. In the method, information on local oriented edges was utilized to compose edge maps of the image at two levels of resolution. The landmark candidates resulted from this step were further verified by edge orientation matching. We used knowledge on face geometry to find the proper spatial arrangement of the candidates. The results obtained demonstrated a high overall performance of the method while testing a wide range of facial displays.
An On-line Instruction/Learning Environment for Supporting Individualized Learning in Java Programming
Authors: Kuan-Cheng Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (2007)

An on-line instruction/learning environment developed to support individualized learning in java programming is presented in this paper. The instruction/learning environment employs an online java compiler to provide the students an online learning environment for java anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the instruction/learning environment provides an active agent to monitor and manage the students learning.
Architecture and implementation of an interpolation processor for soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoding
Authors: Warren J. Gross, Frank R. Kschischang, P. Glenn Gulak
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2007)

Reed-Solomon codes are powerful error-correcting codes that can be found in many digital communications standards. Recently, there has been an interest in soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, incorporating reliability information from the channel into the decoding process. The Koetter-Vardy algorithm is a soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon codes which can provide several dB of gain over traditional hard-decision decoders. The algorithm consists of a soft-decision front end to the interpolation-based Guruswami-Sudan list decoder. The main computational task in the algorithm is a weighted interpolation of a bivariate polynomial. We propose a parallel architecture for the hardware implementation of bivariate interpolation for soft-decision decoding. The key feature is the embedding of both a binary tree and a linear array into a 2-D array processor, enabling fast polynomial evaluation operations. An field-programmable gate array interpolation processor was implemented and demonstrated at a clock frequency of 23 MHz, corresponding to decoding rates of 10-15 Mb/s.
Maximising the information gained from a study of static analysis technologies for concurrent software
Authors: Margaret A. Wojcicki, Paul Strooper
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering (2007)

The results of empirical studies in Software Engineering are limited to particular contexts, difficult to generalise and the studies themselves are expensive to perform. Despite these problems, empirical studies can be made effective and they are important to both researchers and practitioners. The key to their effectiveness lies in the maximisation of the information that can be gained by examining and replicating existing studies and using power analyses for an accurate minimum sample size. This approach was applied in a controlled experiment examining the combination of automated static analysis tools and code inspection in the context of the verification and validation (V V) of concurrent Java components. The paper presents the results of this controlled experiment and shows that the combination of automated static analysis and code inspection is cost-effective. Throughout the experiment a strategy to maximise the information gained from the experiment was used. As a result, despite the size of the study, conclusive results were obtained, contributing to the research on V V technology evaluation.
Design and CAD for Nanotechnologies
Authors: Tim Cheng
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2007)

Recent innovations in nanoscale devices offer the potential for greater information density and system functionality. However, such devices present several new challenges. Design methodologies and tools have obtained a tremendous degree of sophistication and predictive value, and there are advantages in using the power of these tools to define a context for evaluating next-generation nanoelectronic technologies. Without a common context of systems evaluation, it will be difficult to make early viability assessments of new nanoelectronic-device approaches, nor will it be possible to strategically guide the development of these new technologies. This issue of IEEE Design &#x0026; Test offers a special section on such topics. In addition, this issue presents the first in a series of tutorial articles derived from presentations at Test Technology Educational Program (TTEP) conferences. Finally, there are five general-interest articles on a wide range of topics.
Towards pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management
Authors: Göran Falkman, Marie Gustafsson, Mats Jontell, Olof Torgersson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Pragmatic web (2007)

We present a research program for identifying, modeling, and making use of generic pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management that support evidence-based medicine (EBM). Part of this program is SOMWeb, a system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community. A study of the use of SOMWeb has been conducted as the first step in the elicitation of important contextual factors and communicative activities involved in knowledge sharing processes in oral medicine. One such activity, community discussion activation, is described using consultation patterns together with the collaboration patterns of [5]. The general need for context-aware health information systems and the prospective use of approaches within Pragmatic Web in the pursuit of EBM are also discussed.
Keyword programming in java
Authors: Greg Little, Robert C. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering (2007)

Keyword programming is a novel technique for reducing the need to remember details of programming language syntax and APIs, by translating a small number of keywords provided by the user into a valid expression. Prior work has demonstrated the feasibility and merit of this approach in limited domains. This paper presents a new algorithm that scales to the much larger domain of general-purpose Java programming. We tested the algorithm by extracting keywords from method calls in open source projects, and found that it could accurately reconstruct over 90% of the original expressions. We also conducted a study using keywords generated by users, whose results suggest that users can obtain correct Java code using keyword queries as accurately as they can write the correct Java code themselves
Methods and guidelines for the design and development of domestic ubiquitous computing applications
Authors: Albrecht Schmidt, Lucia Terrenghi, Paul Holleis
Venue: Pervasive and Mobile Computing (2007)

Bringing ubiquitous computing applications to home environments is a great challenge. In our research we investigate how applications can be conceived, designed and implemented in such a way that they fit into people's lives. We describe our experiments on how methods of user centred design and participatory design can be appropriated to elicit users' requirements and design ideas for ubiquitous computing applications for the home. In particular we report on a study on information presentation using display appliances. In a participatory design process enhanced with technology probes, we individually discussed potential solutions for specific homes with 14 people. Each of the resulting solutions is tailored to suit a single person. For each of these individual solutions we specified prototypes that would accommodate the user's needs but are generic in its applicability at the same time. Based on this we derived a first set of guidelines for the design of display appliances in the home environment.
Is This Cost Estimate Reliable? -- The Relationship between Homogeneity of Analogues and Estimation Reliability
Authors: Naoki Ohsugi, Akito Monden, Nahomi Kikuchi, Michael D. Barker, Masateru Tsunoda, Takeshi Kakimoto, Ken-ichi Matsumoto
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (2007)

Analogy-based cost estimation provides a useful and intuitive means to support decision making in software project management. It derives a cost estimate required for completing a project from information about similar past projects, namely the analogues. While on average this method provides a relatively accurate cost estimate there remains a possibility of large estimation errors. In this paper, we empirically tested the hypothesis that "using more homogeneous analogues produces a more reliable cost estimate" using a software engineering data repository established by the Software Engineering Center (SEC), Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan. This testing showed that low and high homogeneity projects had a large variation in estimation reliability. For instance, the difference was 22.9% (p = 0.021) in terms of percentage to get accurate estimates (better than Median of Magnitude of Relative Error).
A Secure Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Pierre E. Abi-Char, Abdallah Mhamed, Bachar El-Hassan
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Information Assurance and Security (2007)

To provide secure communication for mobile devices, authenticated key agreement protocol is an important primitive for establishing session key. So far, several protocols have been proposed to provide robust mutual authentication and key establishment for wireless local area network (WLAN). In this paper we present a Secure Authenticated Key Agreement (EC-SAKA) protocol based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Our proposed protocol provides secure mutual authentication, key establishment and key confirmation over an untrusted network. The new protocol achieves many of the required security and performance properties. It can resist dictionary attacks mounted by either passive or active networks intruders. It can resist Man- In-The Middle attack. It also offers perfect forward secrecy which protects past sessions and passwords against future compromise. In addition, it can resist known-key and resilience to server attack. Our proposed protocol uses the signature techniques of ECDSA and the authentication protocol SKA concept. We show that our protocol meets the above security attributes under the assumption that the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem is secure. Our proposed protocol offers significantly improved performance in computational and communication load over comparably many authenticated key agreement protocols such as B-SPEKE, SRP, AMP, PAK-RY, PAK-X, SKA, LR-AKE and EC-SRP.
Hierarchical Conditional Random Fields (HCRF) for Chinese Named Entity Tagging
Authors: Peng Lu, Yiping Yang, Yibo Gao, He Ren
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05 (2007)

Named entity tagging is one of the key techniques in natural language processing tasks such as information extraction, answer question and so on. We present a method of Chinese NE tagging using hierarchical conditional random fields. This study is concentrated on person names, location names and organization names. We divide the process of Chinese NE tagging into three layers: person CRFs layer, location CRFs layer and organization CRFs layer. The method is characterized as follows: firstly, rich features are utilized by this model in order to increase the good performance; secondly, the hierarchical property satisfies the characteristics of Chinese NE. The experiment shows that the HCRFs model could achieve preferable results of Chinese NE tagging, in which the F value achieves 95.44%, 93.13% and 87.14 for person, location and organization respectively on the People's Daily on January 1998.
Multimodal person authentication using speech, face and visual speech
Authors: S. Palanivel, B. Yegnanarayana
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2008)

This paper presents a method for automatic multimodal person authentication using speech, face and visual speech modalities. The proposed method uses the motion information to localize the face region, and the face region is processed in YC"rC"b color space to determine the locations of the eyes. The system models the nonlip region of the face using a Gaussian distribution, and it is used to estimate the center of the mouth. Facial and visual speech features are extracted using multiscale morphological erosion and dilation operations, respectively. The facial features are extracted relative to the locations of the eyes, and visual speech features are extracted relative to the locations of the eyes and mouth. Acoustic features are derived from the speech signal, and are represented by weighted linear prediction cepstral coefficients (WLPCC). Autoassociative neural network (AANN) models are used to capture the distribution of the extracted acoustic, facial and visual speech features. The evidence from speech, face and visual speech models are combined using a weighting rule, and the result is used to accept or reject the identity claim of the subject. The performance of the system is evaluated for newsreaders in TV broadcast news data, and the system achieves an equal error rate (EER) of about 0.45% for 50 subjects.
Splitting the BLOSUM score into numbers of biological significance
Authors: Francesco Fabris, Andrea Sgarro, Alessandro Tossi
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (2007)

Mathematical tools developed in the context of Shannon information theory were used to analyze the meaning of the BLOSUM score, which was split into three components termed as the BLOSUM spectrum (or BLOSpectrum). These relate respectively to the sequence convergence (the stochastic similarity of the two protein sequences), to the background frequency divergence (typicality of the amino acid probability distribution in each sequence), and to the target frequency divergence (compliance of the amino acid variations between the two sequences to the protein model implicit in the BLOCKS database). This treatment sharpens the protein sequence comparison, providing a rationale for the biological significance of the obtained score, and helps to identify weakly related sequences. Moreover, the BLOSpectrum can guide the choice of the most appropriate scoring matrix, tailoring it to the evolutionary divergence associated with the two sequences, or indicate if a compositionally adjusted matrix could perform better.
Special Feature: Methods, Styles, and Attitudes in the Programming Language Classroom
Authors: R. S. Lemos
Venue: Computer (1980)

This survey of approaches to programming language instruction stresses the need for empirical research into their effectiveness.
Error Correction in Redundant Residue Number Systems
Authors: S. S. -S. Yau
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1973)

Two error-correcting algorithms for redundant residue number systems are presented, one for single residue-error correction and the other for burst residue-error correction. Neither algorithm requires table lookup, and hence their implementation needs a memory space which is much smaller than that required by existing methods. Furthermore, the conditions which the moduli of the redundant residue number systems must satisfy for single residue-error correction are less restrictive than that of existing methods. Comparison of the approach on which these two algorithms are based and that of existing methods is given.
Dynamic Scene Analysis Using Pixel-Based Processes
Authors: Ramesh Jain
Venue: Computer (1981)

Because they ignore stationary scene components, difference pictures provide a simple, robust method for detecting motion in the early stages of dynamic scene analysis.
Choice of conjunctive operator of TSK fuzzy systems and stability domain study
Authors: Mohamed Benrejeb, Anis Sakly, Kamel Ben Othman, Pierre Borne
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2008)

This paper deals with the impact study of the choice of conjunctive operator between input variables of TSK fuzzy models, t-norm, on stability domain estimation. The approach is based on stability conditions issued from vector norms corresponding to a vector-Lyapunov function. In particular, for considered second-order TSK models we show that Zadeh's t-norm, logic product min, gives the largest estimation of stability domain.