ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A system for creating and managing reusable learning objects
Authors: Edward L. Meyen, James R. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

This paper describes the development and application of a system for creating and managing the Object-Based Instructional Unit (OBIU) approach to using Reusable Learning Objects (RLOs) in developing instructional programs. The OBIU model was designed by the e-Learning Design Lab at the University of Kansas in response to the need for an easy-to-use system for revising and/or structuring content when building online courses. The OBIU is also applicable to structuring content for other instructional or training formats that make use of RLOs. The OBIU includes a repository of RLOs in the form of Instructional Units (IUs) that is searchable for instructional units, customizable for instructional needs, allows for aggregating instructional units, and is usable in optional teaching formats. The repository is also expandable; that is, any user may be allowed to contribute IUs and/or resources. Further, each user is allowed to create his or her own personal account for storing, creating, and/or clustering IUs. Thus, the OBIU allows instructional units to be built, reused, and grouped so that they can be combined for teaching broader concepts or skills when more information is required than is embedded in a single instructional unit. As the IUs from the repository are used or modified, or as new IUs are created, the repository increases, thus adding to its usability. Finally, the OBIU generalizes across disciplines and levels of education.
Universal Modules for Bounded Signal Fan-Out Synchronous Sequential Circuits
Authors: M. M. Newborn
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1972)

Universal modules are presented that can be used to realize any single input-single output synchronous sequential machine in the form of a circuit in which the input signal enters only one module. Additionally, no signal in the circuit fans out to more than some bounded number of terminals where the bound depends only on the module being used. Two different realization schemes are presented. The first scheme is based on the single feedback loop circuit model. Modules are connected in a highly regular array. Inputs to the last row of the array are constant logic signals. In the second scheme, a tree of modules is connected at the back to one or more one-hot reaiizations of a machine closely related to the machine being realized. The first scheme has the advantage of yielding a circuit with a highly regular interconnections pattern. The second scheme generally requires fewer modules. The theory is easily edxtended to machines with more than one input and output.
Developing Adaptive Software with Multiple QoS Requirements
Authors: Stephen S. Yau
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Quality Software (2007)

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Weak Mutation Testing and Completeness of Test Sets
Authors: W. E. Howden
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1982)

Different approaches to the generation of test data are described. Error-based approaches depend on the definition of classes of commonly occurring program errors. They generate tests which are specifically designed to determine if particular classes of errors occur in a program. An error-based method called weak mutation testing is described. In this method, tests are constructed which are guaranteed to force program statements which contain certain classes of errors to act incorrectly during the execution of the program over those tests. The method is systematic, and a tool can be built to help the user apply the method. It is extensible in the sense that it can be extended to cover additional classes of errors. Its relationship to other software testing methods is discussed. Examples are included.
Monitoring business processes with queries
Authors: Catriel Beeri, Anat Eyal, Tova Milo, Alon Pilberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases (2007)

Many enterprises nowadays use business processes, based on the BPEL standard, to achieve their goals. These are complex, often distributed, processes. Monitoring the execution of such processes for interesting patterns is critical for enforcing business policies and meeting efficiency and reliability goals. BP-Mon (Business Processes Monitoring) is a novel query language for monitoring business processes, that allows users to visually define monitoring tasks and associated reports, using a simple intuitive interface, similar to those used for designing BPEL processes. We describe here the BP-Mon language and its underlying formal model. We also present the language implementation and describe our novel optimization techniques. An important feature of the implementation is that BP-Mon queries are translated to BPEL processes that run on the same execution engine as the monitored processes. Our experiments indicate that this approach incurs very minimal overhead, hence is a practical and efficient approach to monitoring.
Using Grammar-Based Recognizers for Symbol Completion in Diagrammatic Sketches
Authors: G. Costagliola, V. Deufemia, M. Risi
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02 (2007)

Sketching is considered as a way to naturally express ideas during the early phases of design. For this reason, many efforts have been made to develop user interfaces and recognizers, which enable users to create sketches using pen-based devices. However, in some domains, such as in architectural and engineering fields, the drawing process turns out to be particularly tedious and time-consuming, since the symbols to be drawn may have a complex shape and recur many times in the sketches. In this paper we present a technique for symbol completion that allows users to rapidly draw diagrammatic sketches. The completion technique recovers the information on missing strokes by interacting with symbol recognizers, which are automatically generated from grammar specifications. Moreover, in order to maintain the sketch layout more familiar to the users, the added strokes are drawn according to the user drawing style.
Design and Implementation of a 90nm Low bit-rate Image Compression Core
Authors: Pasquale Corsonello, Stefania Perri, Giovanni Staino, Marco Lanuzza, Giuseppe Cocorullo
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Architectures, Methods and Tools (2007)

This paper presents a low-cost, high throughput Discrete Wavelet Transform-based image compressor. The hardware solution proposed here exploits a modified Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm and ensures that appropriate reconstructed image qualities can be achieved also for compression ratios over 100:1.Obtained results demonstrate that a maximum data rate of about 23 Mpixels/s can be sustained on a 64x64 size tile. In 90nm technology, the required area is only 1.77mm2. To obtain higher performance, multiples cores can be used in a parallel implementation.
P2P over Manet: a comparison of cross-layer approaches
Authors: Mario Bisignano, Giuseppe Di Modica, Orazio Tomarchio, Lorenzo Vita
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2007)

Mobile ad-hoc networks (Manet) and peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are recently emerged technologies which share a common underlying decentralized networking paradigm. However, the two fields have been mainly investigated by different research communities, without catching several cross-cutting issues. Both systems share some common issues and relevant differences: however, similarities could be exploited in a more synergic way when coupling the two systems. In particular, very recently, some cross-layer approaches have appeared, trying to improve the overall performance of a P2P-Manet system: in this paper, we analyze them in order to identify some common guidelines and the most promising approaches. Indeed, since many combinations of Manet routing algorithm and P2P overlay network building are possible, our analysis also aims to minimize common pitfalls in designing such kind of applications.
A Functional Verification based Fault Injection Environment
Authors: A. Benso, A. Bosio, S. Di Carlo, R. Mariani
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2007)

Fault injection is needed for different purposes such as analyzing the reaction of a system in a faulty environment or validating fault-detection and/or fault-correction techniques. In this paper we propose a simulation-based fault injection tool able to work at different abstraction levels and with user-defined fault models. By exploiting the facilities provided by a functional verification environment it allows to speed up the entire fault injection process: from the creation of the workload to the analysis of the results of injection campaigns. Moreover, the adoption of techniques to optimize the fault list significantly reduces the simulation time. Being the tool targeted to the validation of dependable systems, it includes a way to extract information from the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis and to correlate fault injection results with estimates.
Video Semantic Content Analysis based on Ontology
Authors: Liang Bai, Songyang Lao, Gareth J. F. Jones, Alan F. Smeaton
Venue: Proceedings of the International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (2007)

The rapid increase in the available amount of video data is creating a growing demand for efficient methods for understanding and managing it at the semantic level. New multimedia standards, such as MPEG-4 and MPEG-7, provide the basic functionalities in order to manipulate and transmit objects and metadata. But importantly, most of the content of video data at a semantic level is out of the scope of the standards. In this paper, a video semantic content analysis framework based on ontology is presented. Domain ontology is used to define high level semantic concepts and their relations in the context of the examined domain. And low-level features (e.g. visual and aural) and video content analysis algorithms are integrated into the ontology to enrich video semantic analysis. OWL is used for the ontology description. Rules in Description Logic are defined to describe how features and algorithms for video analysis should be applied according to different perception content and low-level features. Temporal Description Logic is used to describe the semantic events, and a reasoning algorithm is proposed for events detection. The proposed framework is demonstrated in a soccer video domain and shows promising results.
Modeling dynamic engineering processes using radial-Gaussian neural networks
Authors: Ian Flood
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology (1999)

The paper proposes and evaluates an artificial neural network based method of modeling the dynamic behavior of continua. The technique is applicable to situations where the differential equations governing the behavior of a system are nonlinear and poorly understood, and the data available for training is noisy. A method of modeling the unknown component of governing differential equations using neural network technology, is first described. This includes a method for averaging out localized errors in the neural network function that results from noise in the training data. A description is then given of a radial-Gaussian neural network architecture and training algorithm adopted for this application. The construction of a complete simulation model of a specific system from the trained neural networks is demonstrated. The performance of the proposed approach is assessed in a series of experiments simulating the nonlinear thermal behavior of a translucent solid material. The system is proven to perform most effectively using the proposed error averaging technique, and to be capable of providing an accurate simulation of a system's behavior sustained over many thousands of simulation time steps.
Intelligent Knowledge Network Management System Considering Internal Entropy Knowledge Cell
Authors: JeongYon Shim
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05 (2007)

Everything in the world has own properties and interacts with other things dynamically. By their associative relationship they are linked , sometimes combined and separated. These features make a living thing possible to survive in the complex environment. As more computational virtual environment is developed rapidly, the requirement of intelligent system adopting the properties of living things is getting high. Accordingly in this paper for making more efficient intelligent system, knowledge network management strategy was proposed by defining their own types and Internal entropy of knowledge cell. We apply this system to the virtual memory and show testing results.
Recognition of partially occluded and deformed binary objects
Authors: Ondřej Horáček, Jan Kamenický, Jan Flusser
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2008)

A method dealing with recognition of partially occluded and affine transformed binary objects is presented. The method is designed for objects with smooth curved boundary. It divides an object into affine-invariant parts and uses modified radial vector for the description of parts. Object recognition is performed via string matching in the space of radial vectors.
Automatic tutoring question generation during algorithm simulation
Authors: Ville Karavirta, Ari Korhonen
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th Baltic Sea conference on Computing education research: Koli Calling 2006 (2006)

High user interaction is the key in the educational effectiveness of algorithm visualization (AV). This paper introduces integration of an AV system with an interaction component in order to add support for the responding level of the user engagement taxonomy. We describe the resulting AV system, which is capable of providing algorithm simulation exercises with pop-up questions that guide the student in solving the exercise. This research aims at providing a system usable in teaching as well as in validating the engagement taxonomy.
Assessment of Tissue Damage due to Mechanical Stresses
Authors: Smita De, Jacob Rosen, Aylon Dagan, Blake Hannaford, Paul Swanson, Mika Sinanan
Venue: International Journal of Robotics Research (2007)

While there are many benefits to minimally invasive surgery (MIS), force feedback or touch sensation is limited in the currently available MIS tools, such as surgical robots, creating the potential for excessive force application during surgery and unintended tissue injury. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology with which to identify stress magnitudes and durations that can be safely applied with a MIS grasper to di ferent tissues, potentially improving MIS device design and reducing potentially adverse clinically relevant consequences. Using the porcine model, stresses typically applied in MIS were applied to liver, ureter and small bowel using a motorized endoscopic grasper. Acute indicators of tissue damage including cellular death and infiltration of inflammatory cells were measured using histological and image analysis techniques. Finite element analysis was used to identify approximate stress distributions experienced by the tissues. Parameters used in these finite element models specifically reflected the properties of liver, which served as an initial proxy for all tissues, as stress distributions rather than absolute values were desired. Local regions predicted to have uniform stress by the computational models were mapped to and analyzed in the tissue samples for acute damage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analyses were used to detect stress magnitudes and durations that caused significantly increased tissue damage with the goal to ultimately identify safe stress `thresholds' during grasping of the studied tissues. Preliminary data suggests a graded non-linear response between applied stress magnitude and apoptosis in liver and small bowel as well as neutrophil infiltration in the small bowel. The ureter appeared to be more resistant to injury at the tested stress levels. By identifying stress magnitudes and durations within the range of grasping loads applied in MIS, it may be possible for researchers to create a `smart' surgical robot that can guide a surgeon to manipulate tissues with minimal resulting damage. In addition, surgical simulator design can be improved to reflect more realistic tissue responses and evaluate trainees' tissue handling skills.
Concurrent multipath communication for real-time traffic
Authors: M. Fiore, C. Casetti, G. Galante
Venue: Computer Communications (2007)

The growing availability of multiple network interfaces on both mobile and fixed hosts makes concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) an appealing option to improve the performance of increasingly bandwidth-hungry multimedia applications. The Westwood Stream Control Transmission Protocol with Partial Reliability (W-PR-SCTP) is a partially reliable, SCTP-based transport protocol featuring a novel adaptive traffic-scheduling algorithm enabling CMT of multimedia real-time traffic on multihomed hosts. This paper introduces W-PR-SCTP, reports a thorough evaluation of the new protocol with the ns-2 network simulator under several traffic scenarios, outlines its implementation in Linux and its testing in a simple experimental setup.
A Simulation Testing Platform of Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Huang Xuyong, Miao Shihong, Liu Pei
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications (2007)

For the requirement of QoS (Reliability, Delay etc) in power system, performance of ad hoc networks should be testified by experiments. Till recently, performances of ad hoc network are mostly tested by simulation software, such as NS, OPNET etc. But a lot of practical factors can't be taken into account in simulation software. For example, obstacles, electromagnetic interferences, and so on. Utilized NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) intermediate driver and Passthru architecture, a simulation testing platform of wireless ad hoc networks is presented. The characteristic and the application prospects of the platform are introduced finally.
The impact of youth's use of the internet on their use of the public library
Authors: George D'Elia, June Abbas, Kay Bishop, Donald Jacobs, Eleanor Jo Rodger
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2007)

A survey of 4,032 youth in grades 5 through 12 was conducted to determine the impact youth's use of the Internet was having on their use of the public library. Results indicated that 100% of the youth had access to the Internet from one or more locations, and that although one quarter of the youth accessed the Internet at the public library, the public library was the least frequently used source of Internet access. For youth without Internet access at home, the public library was also the least used alternate source of access. Approximately 69% of the youth reported that they had visited a public library during the school year. Having Internet access at home did not affect whether or not youth visited the library however, Internet access at home appears to have affected the frequency with which youth visit the library. Youth without Internet access at home visited the library more frequently, whereas youth with Internet access at home visited the library less frequently. Use of the Internet also appeared to have diminished youth's need to use the public library as a source of personal information however, use of the Internet appeared not to have affected their use of the public library for school work or for recreation. Among youth, use of both the Internet and the public library appear to be complementary activities. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal birth control for competition system of three species with age-structure
Authors: Zhixue Luo
Venue: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing (2007)

In this paper, we investigate optimal policies for three age-dependent populations in a competition system, which is controlled by fertility. By using Dubovitskii-Milyutin's general theory, the maximum principles are obtained for problems with free terminal states, infinite horizon and target sets, respectively.
Problems with Precision: A Response to "Comments on 'Data Mining Static Code Attributes to Learn Defect Predictors'"
Authors: Tim Menzies
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2007)

Zhang & Zhang (hereafter, the Zhangs) argue that such the low precision detectors seen in Menzies, Greenwald, and Frank's paper Data Mining Static Code Attributes to Learn Defect Predictors [13] (hereafter, DMP) are "not satisfactory for practical purposes". They demand that "a good prediction model should achieve both high Recall and high Precision" (which we will denote as "high precision & recall"). All other detectors, they argue, "may lead to impractical prediction models". We have a different view and this short note explains why. While we disagree with the Zhangs' conclusions, we find that their derived equation is an important result. The insightful feature of the Zhangs' equation is that it can use information about the problem at hand to characterize the pre-conditions for high precision and high recall detectors. To the best of our knowledge, no such characterization hasbeen previously reported (at least, not in the software engineering literature).
A Case Study Implementing Features Using AspectJ
Authors: Christian Kastner, Sven Apel, Don Batory
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Software Product Line Conference (2007)

Software product lines aim to create highly configurable programs from a set of features. Common belief and recent studies suggest that aspects are well-suited for implementing features. We evaluate the suitability of AspectJ with respect to this task by a case study that refactors the embedded database system Berkeley DB into 38 features. Contrary to our initial expectations, the results were not encouraging. As the number of aspects in a feature grows, there is a no- ticeable decrease in code readability and maintainability. Most of the unique and powerful features of AspectJ were not needed. We document where AspectJ is unsuitable for implementing features of refactored legacy applications and explain why
Hardware Monitoring of Real-Time Computer System Performance
Authors: F. R. Arndt, C. G. M. Oliver
Venue: Computer (1972)

This paper describes the planning and execution of a recent experiment which utilized a hardware monitor- ing device and associated analysis programs to evaluate the performance of a computer system which is employed for real-time satellite command and control. The evaluated system was the portion of the United States Air Force Satellite Control Facility Real-Time Data System, located in Sunnyvale, California. Communication line, processor, and channel utilization were analyzed, as was the interaction of Executive, Input/Output, and Application software modules.