ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Supporting amnesia in log-based recovery protocols
Authors: Rubén de Juan-Marín, Luis Irún-Briz, Francesc D. Muñoz-Escoí
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American conference on Telematics and information systems (2007)

Replicated systems are commonly used to provide highly available and fault tolerant applications, based on the use of replication and recovery protocols. Traditionally, the literature has focused on replicated systems which adopt the fail-stop failure model which presents good performance levels for replicated systems managing few state. This paper points out how the crash-recovery with partial amnesia failure model presents a better accuracy for replicated systems with huge state, but how its use has the amnesia phenomenon drawback. Then, the paper analyzes this phenomenon and how to deal with it in a basic configuration using a log-based recovery approach. Analyzing after, how it is supported and managed with other replication configurations.
Invited paper: Network-on-Chip design and synthesis outlook
Authors: David Atienza, Federico Angiolini, Srinivasan Murali, Antonio Pullini, Luca Benini, Giovanni De Micheli
Venue: Integration, the VLSI Journal (2008)

With the growing complexity in consumer embedded products, new tendencies forecast heterogeneous Multi-Processor Systems-On-Chip (MPSoCs) consisting of complex integrated components communicating with each other at very high-speed rates. Intercommunication requirements of MPSoCs made of hundreds of cores will not be feasible using a single shared bus or a hierarchy of buses due to their poor scalability with system size, their shared bandwidth between all the attached cores and the energy efficiency requirements of final products. To overcome these problems of scalability and complexity, Networks-On-Chip (NoCs) have been proposed as a promising replacement to eliminate many of the overheads of buses and MPSoCs connected by means of general-purpose communication architectures. However, the development of application-specific NoCs for MPSoCs is a complex engineering process that involves the definition of suitable protocols and topologies of switches, and which demands adequate design flows to minimize design time and effort. In fact, the development of suitable high-level design and synthesis tools for NoC-based interconnects is a key element to benefit from NoC-based interconnect design in nanometer-scale CMOS technologies. In this article we overview the benefits of state-of-the-art NoCs using a complete NoC synthesis flow, and a detailed scalability analysis of different NoC implementations for the latest nanometer-scale technology nodes. We present NoC-based solutions for the on-chip interconnects of MPSoCs that illustrate the benefits of competitive application-specific NoCs with respect to more regular NoC topologies regarding performance, area and power. Moreover, we show that it is currently feasible to synthesize in an automatic way a complete custom NoC interconnect from a high-level specification in few hours. Finally, we summarize future research challenges in the area of NoC interconnect design automation.
Reverse Engineering Functional Classes: A Middleware Case Study
Authors: Hannu Mäyrä, Mauno Rönkkö
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

In this paper, we study reverse engineering Functional Classes in Java. As a case study we use a middleware application. Functional Classes is a design style that merges both object-oriented and functional programming paradigms. A functional class is a class without variables having pure functions as methods. As a result, a functional class is naturally a mediator. In this paper, as the main contribution, we show that Functional Classes lead to Java bytecode that is re-compilable. Consequently, Functional Classes provide a promising basis for mixed design of applications, where the developers can work simultaneously on the project using a UML editor, source code editor, code generator, and optimizer. Then, synchronization between the various tools is achieved on-the-fly using only the bytecode representation.
The q-WZ method for infinite sums (abstract only)
Authors: William Y.C. Chen, Ernest X.W. Xia
Venue: ACM Communications in Computer Algebra (2008)

We develop a q-WZ method for justifying nonterminating basic hypergeometric summation formulas by computing the WZ-pairs as certificates which may involve some infinite q-shifted factorials. Using this approach, we can verify a wide variety of classical summation formulas, with typical examples including the q-binomial theorem, the q-Gauss sum, the 6ψ5 sum, the Ramanujan 1ψ1 sum, and Bailey's 6ψ6 sum. In many cases we can discover the companion identities. This work is inspired by the study of two elegant identities involving partial theta functions due to Andrews and Warnaar from the telescoping viewpoint. The key point lies in the fact that the q-Gosper algorithm is effective to deal with q-hypergeometric terms multiplied by the infinite q-shifted factorials.
On the need for bidirectional coupling of road traffic microsimulation and network simulation
Authors: Christoph Sommer, Zheng Yao, Reinhard German, Falko Dressler
Venue: Proceeding of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE workshop on Mobility models (2008)

Simulation of network protocol behavior in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios is strongly demanded for evaluating the applicability of developed network protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for bidirectional coupling of network simulation and road traffic microsimulation for evaluating such protocols. The implemented mobility model, which defines all movement of nodes, influences the outcome of simulations to a great deal. Therefore, the use of a representative mobility model is essential for producing meaningful results. Based on these observations, we developed the hybrid simulation framework Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation), composed of the network simulator OMNeT++ and the road traffic simulator SUMO. Based on a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the advantages and the need for bidirectionally coupled simulation.
Modeling situated conversational agents as partially observable Markov decision processes
Authors: Will Thompson, Darren Gergle
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2008)

A Situated Conversational Agent (SCA) is an agent that engages in dialog about the context within which it is embedded. An SCA is distinguished from non-situated conversational agents by an intimate connection of the agent's dialog to its embedding context, and by intricate dependencies between its linguistic and physical actions. Constructing an SCA that can interact naturally with users while engaged in collaborative physical tasks requires the agent to interleave decision making under uncertainty, action execution, and observation while maximizing expected utility over a sequence of interactions. These requirements can be fulfilled by modeling an SCA as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). We show how POMDPs can be used to formalize and implement psycholinguistic proposals on how situated dialog participants collaborate in order to make and ground dialog contributions.
Test-driven learning in early programming courses
Authors: David Janzen, Hossein Saiedian
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2008)

Coercing new programmers to adopt disciplined development practices such as thorough unit testing is a challenging endeavor. Test-driven development (TDD) has been proposed as a solution to improve both software design and testing. Test-driven learning (TDL) has been proposed as a pedagogical approach for teaching TDD without imposing significant additional instruction time. This research evaluates the effects of students using a test-first (TDD) versus test-last approach in early programming courses, and considers the use of TDL on a limited basis in CS1 and CS2. Software testing, programmer productivity, programmer performance, and programmer opinions are compared between test-first and test-last programming groups. Results from this research indicate that a test-first approach can increase student testing and programmer performance, but that early programmers are very reluctant to adopt a test-first approach, even after having positive experiences using TDD. Further, this research demonstrates that TDL can be applied in CS1/2, but suggests that a more pervasive implementation of TDL may be necessary to motivate and establish disciplined testing practice among early programmers.
Bridging sensitivity information to improve the performance of Pareto archived evolution strategy
Authors: Apichart Suppapitnarm
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Evolutionary Computing (2006)

The Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (PAES), one of the most successful evolutionary optimizers, has long been proven as an easy-to-implement algorithm due to its simple (1+1) search to solve for multiobjective problems. However, a recent comparative study with Multiobjective Simulated Annealing (MOSA), another potential heuristic search technique, showed that when the problems are constrained or becoming more complex, e.g. with a large number of control variables, PAES seemed not to explore the trade-off surface satisfactorily. By examining the nature of MOSA, this paper attempts to improve the performance of PAES by adding the sensitivity adjustment, one of the key characteristics of MOSA implementation. Based on 4 standard test problems with either a large number of control variables or with three or more objectives, comparative results indicate that the performance of the PAES algorithm with the addition of sensitivity adjustment has been improved significantly. In one test problem, the performance of PAES even outperforms that of MOSA. On-going research is on progress to extend the test covering a wide range of different complex optimisation problems.
Image processing based tracking system
Authors: Majid Alitavoli, Salar Basiri, Saeed Basiri
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Man-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (2006)

Image processing based tracking systems equipped with powerful computing systems have gained vast applications nowadays. In this paper, an image processing based tracking system and its algorithms is described. In order to separate desired colored patterns or nodes from the background in color image processing, hardware type filters are usually used. Here a software based filter is investigated.
Query-sensitive mutual reinforcement chain and its application in query-oriented multi-document summarization
Authors: Furu Wei, Wenjie Li, Qin Lu, Yanxiang He
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Sentence ranking is the issue of most concern in document summarization. Early researchers have presented the mutual reinforcement principle (MR) between sentence and term for simultaneous key phrase and salient sentence extraction in generic single-document summarization. In this work, we extend the MR to the mutual reinforcement chain (MRC) of three different text granularities, i.e., document, sentence and terms. The aim is to provide a general reinforcement framework and a formal mathematical modeling for the MRC. Going one step further, we incorporate the query influence into the MRC to cope with the need for query-oriented multi-document summarization. While the previous summarization approaches often calculate the similarity regardless of the query, we develop a query-sensitive similarity to measure the affinity between the pair of texts. When evaluated on the DUC 2005 dataset, the experimental results suggest that the proposed query-sensitive MRC (Qs-MRC) is a promising approach for summarization.
Effective Knowledge Management Systems for a Clinical Nursing Setting
Authors: Biswadip Ghosh, Judy E. Scott
Venue: Information Systems Management (2007)

Given the critical role of nurses as knowledge workers in a hospital environment, this study investigates the knowledge management processes and organizational enablers associated with effective knowledge management systems (KMS) for a clinical nursing setting. The interview and survey findings shed light on how to effectively design and deploy a clinical KMS in a hospital nursing environment.
Lightning: A Hard Real-Time, Fast, and Lightweight Low-End Wireless Sensor Election Protocol for Acoustic Event Localization
Authors: Qixin Wang, Rong Zheng, Ajay Tirumala, Xue Liu, Lui Sha
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2008)

Location awareness is an important service in ubiquitous computing environments. This paper presents Lightning Protocol, a hard real-time, fast, and lightweight protocol to elect the sensor closest to an impulsive sound source, for the purpose of either proximity-based localization or leader election for sensor collaboration. This protocol utilizes the fact that electromagnetic wave propagates much faster than acoustic wave to efficiently reduce the number of contending sensors in the election process. With only simple RF bursts, most basic comparison operations, no need of clock synchronization, and a memory footprint as small as 5330 bytes of ROM and 187 bytes of RAM, the protocol incurs $O(1)$ transmissions irrespective of the sensor density and guarantees hard real-time ($O(1)$) time delay in localization. Experiment results using UC Berkeley Motes in a common office environment demonstrate that the time delay for Lightning Protocol is in the order of milliseconds. The simplicity of the protocol reduces memory cost, computation complexity, and programming difficulty, making it especially desirable for low-end wireless sensors.
AI assignments in a CS1 course: reflections and evaluation
Authors: Zachary Dodds
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2008)

Artificial Intelligence offers a compelling backdrop for student assignments and projects even very early in the computer science curriculum. We have leveraged so-called high-level AI, in the form of automated game-playing and reasoning about language in order to motivate students in CS 1. More recently we have added activities that might be described as low-level AI: robotics programming via simulated and real platforms, as well as audio processing and classification. This work presents both student and faculty responses to these CS 1 assignments and concludes that, with appropriate scaffolding, topics from AI's full breadth succeed equally as hooks into early CS.
An Ontology for Autonomic License Management
Authors: Qian Zhao, Mark Perry
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2008)

The license agreement can be seen as the knowledge source for a license management system. As such, it may be referenced by the system each time a new process is initiated. To facilitate access, a machine readable representation of the license agreement is highly desirable, but at the same time we do not want to sacrifice too much readability of such agreements by human beings. Creating an ontology as a formal knowledge representation of licensing not only meets the representation requirements, but also offers improvements to knowledge reusability owing to the inherent sharing nature of such representations. Furthermore, the XML-based ontology languages such as OWL (Web Ontology Language) can be user friendly for the non-developers who are often those responsible for implementing and managing such license agreements. This paper shows our use of ontology to represent the license agreement in a development prototype. The ultimate goal is to build ontology for the license management domain that will facilitate autonomic knowledge management. Knowledge based on such ontology can then be shared and utilized by many types of license management system.
Detection of Hidden Information in Forensic Tools
Authors: Yeog Kim, Jewan Bang, Sangjin Lee, Jongin Lim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

Forensic tools are used to create critical evidence in computer-related crimes investigation. The evidence has an effect on judgment by the court and it requires verification of forensic tools. The verification should require an agreement of law enforcement organizations. Computer Forensic Tool Testing (CFTT) Verification project provides a measure of assurance that the tools used in the investigations produce valid results [1]. CFTT suggests requirements, assertions and test cases document for verification of forensic tools. There are hidden data in acquired image however CFTT do not deal with detection test on hidden data. Detection technology depends on cover carriers, such as images, audio, text or code represented digitally, hold the hidden data. This paper proposes preprocesses for detection of hidden data to be existed or not by forensic tools.
3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing and Watermarking
Authors: Jean-Luc Dugelay, Atilla Baskurt, Mohamed Daoudi
Venue:  (2008)

The arrival, and continuing evolution, of high quality 3D objects has been made possible by recent progress in 3D scanner acquisition and 3D graphics rendering. With this increasing quality comes a corresponding increase in the size and complexity of the data files and the necessity for advances in compression techniques. Effective indexing to facilitate the retrieval of the 3D data is then required to efficiently store, search and recapture the objects that have been compressed. The application of 3D images in fields such as communications, medicine and the military also calls for copyright protection, or watermarking, to secure the data for transmission. Written by expert contributors, this timely text brings together the three important and complementary topics of compression, retrieval and watermarking techniques for 3D objects. 3D object processing applications are developing rapidly and this book tackles the challenges and opportunities presented, focusing on the secure transmission, sharing and searching of 3D objects on networks, and includes: an introduction to the commonly used 3D representation schemes; the characteristics, advantages and limitations of polygonal meshes, surface based models and volumetric models; 3D compression techniques; the 3D coding and decoding schemes for reducing the size of 3D data to reduce transmission time and minimize distortion; state of the art responses to the intrinsic challenges of building a 3D-model search engine, considering view-based, structural and full-3D approaches; watermarking techniques for ensuring intellectual property protection and content security without altering the visual quality of the 3D object. 3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing and Watermarking is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in signal and image processing, computer aided design, animation and imaging systems. Practising engineers who want to expand their knowledge of 3D video objects, including data compression, indexing, security, and copyrighting of information, will also find this book of great use.
Evapotranspiration using MODIS data and limited ground observations over selected agroecosystems in India
Authors: K. Mallick, B. K. Bhattacharya, S. Chaurasia, S. Dutta, R. Nigam, J. Mukherjee, S. Banerjee, G. Kar, V. U. M. Rao, A. S. Gadgil, J. S. Parihar
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Plant growth processes and productivity of agroecosystems depend highly on evapotranspiration from the land (soil-crop cover complex) surface. A study was carried out using MODIS TERRA optical and thermal band data and ground observations to estimate evaporative fraction and daily actual evapotranspiration (AET) over agroecosystems in India. Five study regions, each covering a 10 km×10 km area falling in agricultural land use, were selected for ground observations at a time closest to TERRA overpasses. The data on radiation and crop parameters in paddy (irrigated and rainfed), cotton (rainfed), groundnut (residual moisture) crops were recorded at 14-day intervals between August 2003 to January 2004 from 2 km×2 km homogeneous crop patches within each study region. Eight MODIS scenes in seven optical (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and two thermal bands (31, 32) level 1B data acquired from the National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, India and resampled at 1 km, were used to generate surface albedo (α), land surface temperature (T s, MODIS) and emissivity (εs). Evaporative fraction and daily AET were generated using a single source energy balance approach with (i) ground based observations only ('stand alone' approach), and (ii) 'fusion' of MODIS derived land surface variables on cloud free dates and coincident ground observations. Land cover classes were assigned using a hierarchical decision rule applied to multi-date Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The exponential model could be fitted between 1-EFins, ground (ground based evaporative fraction) and difference between T s, MODIS and air temperature (T a) with R 2 = 0.77. Linear fit (R 2 = 0.74) could be obtained between 1-EFins, ground and temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), derived from T s, MODIS-NDVI triangle. Energy balance daily AET from the 'fusion' approach was found to deviate from water balance AET by between 4.3% to 24.5% across five study sites with a mean deviation of 11.6%. The root mean square error (RMSE) from the energy balance AET was found to be 8% of the mean water balance AET. The satellite based energy balance approach can be used to generate spatial AET, but needs more refinements before operational use in the light of progress in algorithms and their validation with huge datasets.
Investigation of characteristics of separation zones in T-junctions
Authors: Bahareh Pirzadeh, Hamid Shamloo
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2007)

This paper provides detail application of FLUENT-2D software in simulation of lateral intake flows. Numerical simulations undertaken in present two dimensional work use RSM turbulent model. Results for dimensions of separation zone were compared with Kasthuri and Pundarikanthan (1987) that a good agreement is found between them.
A Passive 915 MHz UHF RFID Tag
Authors: José C. S. Palma, César Marcon, Fabiano Hessel, Eduardo Bezerra, Guilherme Rohde, Luciano Azevedo, Carlos Reif, Carolina Metzler
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Quality Electronic Design (2008)

This paper describes the implementation of a passive RFID tag targeting low power implementation, which works on 915 MHz UHF frequency. The proposed architecture allows customizing the command sets implemented inside its digital block, according to the target application needs, saving area and reducing power consumption. A flexible design flow is proposed for the customization, verification and synthesis of the digital block, targeting low power requirements.
Neural network classification of otoneurological data and its visualization
Authors: Markku Siermala, Martti Juhola, Erna Kentala
Venue: Computers in Biology and Medicine (2008)

When complex data is distributed in a biased manner between disease classes, classification accuracy can be increased with a network set of perceptron neural networks developed by us. A novel projection method is also introduced for the visual classification of the data to elucidate its features and disease class distribution. The set of the perceptron neural networks and the projection method were tested with otoneurological data and they improved average sensitivity and positive predictive value at least 10% up to 85% and 83%, compared to our earlier neural network classifications with the same data. The methods were also experimented with two additional data sets, which included diagnostically very difficult cases.