ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Social Facilitators and Inhibitors to Online Fluency
Authors: Caroline Haythornthwaite
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Studies of Internet use continue to show a gap between those with and without access to the Internet and its resources. However, recent work indicates that this is not a straightforward divide about access; instead there are many variants of access, use, and presence online. This paper examines these variants, bringing together primarily US and European studies on the digital divide to identify social facilitators and inhibitors to online use that can inform policy and practice. This paper reviews research on who is and is not online, where access is gained, and what promotes or inhibits use of the Internet. This leads to identification of a number of interrelated social and technical factors that underlie access differences, including technical and social infrastructures, social networks, and content.
Scalable access control for distributed object systems
Authors: Daniel F. Sterne, Gregg W. Tally, C. Durward McDonell, David L. Sherman, David L. Sames, Pierre X. Pasturel, E. John Sebes
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8 (1999)

A key obstacle to the widespread use of distributed object oriented systems is the lack of scalable access control mechanisms. It is often necessary to control access to individual objects and methods. In large systems, however, these can be so numerous that the resulting proliferation of access control information becomes overwhelming. We describe Object Oriented Domain and Type Enforcement (OO-DTE), a technology for organizing, specifying, and enforcing access control that has been prototyped and integrated with commercial ORBs and SSL. OO-DTE provides fine-grained control and scalability via a compilable symbolic policy language. We discuss our experience building and using OO-DTE and compare OO-DTE with the access control terminology, concepts, and requirements described in CORBA Security.
Cross term deleted Wigner representation (CDWR) based signal detection methodologies
Authors: S. Kadambe
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

A decision statistic in the case of cross term deleted Wigner representation (CDWR) is derived in this paper. This statistic is then used to detect/classify signals present in underwater acoustic data. Using the output signal-to-noise ratio as a performance measure, we show in this paper that the performance of the cross CDWR based detection method is better than the performance of the auto CDWR. In addition, we show that the performance in the case of cross CDWR is similar to the performance of the classical cross-correlator when the biorthogonal analysis window satisfies minimum energy condition. Experimental results are provided to illustrate our theoretical deductions.
A research agenda for Autonomous Business Process Management
Authors: Thomas Neubauer, Gernot Goluch, Bernhard Riedl
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Fast changing requirements, regarding different types of resources such as personnel or IT-systems, require companies to adapt their business processes in a very agile but yet sophisticated way. Most of today's companies fail in accomplishing this goal because of too static business process analysis and management approaches. The Autonomous Business Process Management methodology presented in this paper enables companies to self-adapt to changing requirements as they happen using emerging technologies and concepts, such as RFID, nanotechnology or Autonomous Computing.
The effect of navigation maps on problem solving tasks instantiated in a computer-based video game
Authors: Harold F. O'Neil
Venue:  (2006)

Navigation in computer-based, educational hypermedia and in occluded (where vision is blocked by walls, trees, buildings, etc.) 3-dimensional (3-D) video game environments is believed to place a heavy cognitive load on working memory. Navigation (topological) maps may provide effective support in these environments. Scaffolding, including graphical scaffolding such as navigation maps, helps learners by reducing the amount of cognitive load placed on working memory, leaving more working memory available for learning. Navigation maps have been shown to be effective for 'simple' problem solving tasks in 3-D, occluded, video game environments, and for 'complex' problem solving tasks in 2-D environments. This study combined these two topics by examining complex problem solving tasks in a 3-D, occluded computer-based video game. Three of the study's five hypotheses proposed that navigation map usage would result in greater content understanding and problem solving strategy retention and transfer, respectively. The fourth hypothesis proposed that higher levels of trait self-regulation would equate to higher within group performance levels. The fifth hypothesis proposed that use of a navigation map would result in greater continuing motivation (continued optional game play). Results of the study were unexpected; hypothesis four was partially supported, while the other four hypotheses were unsupported. Two explanations were examined. The game environment may not have been complex enough for the treatment group to benefit from use of a navigation map. Instead, the navigation map may have added cognitive load, offsetting any cognitive benefits the navigation map was expected to offer, thereby lowering the performance of the treatment group. The second explanation involved strategy priming. Both groups (treatment and control) received considerable and equivalent problem solving strategy priming. This priming may have resulted in improving the performance of both groups enough to counter any differences that might have been observed from the treatment (the navigation map) had the priming not occurred. Results of this study suggest that not all situations may require, or benefit from, navigation map usage. Additionally, other forms of scaffolding, such as strategy priming, may provide enough support to offset any observable gains from navigation maps.
Instruction-set customization for real-time embedded systems
Authors: Huynh Phung Huynh, Tulika Mitra
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

Application-specific customization of the instruction set helps embedded processors achieve significant performance and power efficiency. In this paper, we explore customization in the context of multi-tasking real-time embedded systems. We propose efficient algorithms to select the optimal set of custom instructions for a task set under two popular real-time scheduling policies. Our algorithms minimize the processor utilization through customization while satisfying the task deadlines and the constraint on silicon area. Experimental evaluation with various task sets shows that appropriate customization can achieve significant reduction in the processor utilization and the energy consumption.
Broadening participation in computing: issues and challenges
Authors: Joan Peckham, Lisa L. Harlow, David A. Stuart, Barbara Silver, Helen Mederer, Peter D. Stephenson
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2007)

In this paper we survey the literature to identify the issues and challenges of broadening participation in computer science, and provide some suggestions to address these challenges. Our attention focuses on redefining the way we approach computing education so that we can successfully entice students to computing that have not traditionally participated, thereby promoting diversity and increasing the total numbers of computing professionals. Based on the literature review, we propose an interactional model from the social sciences to inform the way in which we might restructure and broaden the definition of computing and provide some examples of strategies that we have found to be successful in practice.
Toward a Computational Steering Environment for Legacy Coupled Simulations
Authors: Nicolas Richart, Aurelien Esnard, Olivier Coulaud
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (2007)

In this paper, we present an abstract model to steer legacy coupled simulations that follow the Multiple-SPMD paradigm or the client/server paradigm. This model extends our previous work for the steering of classical SPMD simulations. It describes the application in terms of execution flow, complex distributed data objects and user interactions. Thanks to this abstraction, we define a coordination algorithm that allows us to efficiently interact with the simulation and to overcome the time-coherence problem raised by coupled simulations.
Multidisciplinary engineering programs at UnicenP
Authors: M. Dziedzic
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (2000)

This paper describes UnicenP's First Engineering Games. These games, which took place in October of 1999, consisted of three tasks designed by engineering faculty which involved all courses taught in first year. Teams were made up of students from all four engineering programs currently offered by the institution. The games occurred over a period of three days and proved a successful effort at introducing multidisciplinary events into the engineering curricula.
Traffic modeling and tracking for multiuser detection for random access networks
Authors: B. Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

Traffic burstiness results in the predictability of user activity at the individual source level, and the exploitation of such predictability in the receiver design for wireless packet switching random access/CDMA networks is investigated. It is shown that the conventional approach of assuming all users are active results in substantial performance loss when a linear multiuser detector, and in particular, a decorrelating detector is implemented. A two-stage receiver is proposed where the first stage tracks active users and prior to the second stage symbol detection. Two different user trackers are presented and it is demonstrated that, with the help of traffic predictability, accurate estimate of active set of users is possible, even with a simple matched filter bank implementation at the first stage.
Mechanisms for bounding vulnerabilities of processor structures
Authors: Niranjan Kumar Soundararajan, Angshuman Parashar, Anand Sivasubramaniam
Venue: Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture (2007)

Concern for the increasing susceptibility of processor structures to transient errors has led to several recent research efforts that propose architectural techniques to enhance reliability. However, real systems are typically required to satisfy hard reliability budgets, and barring expensive full-redundancy approaches, none of the proposed solutions treat any reliability budgets or bounds as hard constraints. Meeting vulnerability bounds requires monitoring vulnerabilities of processor structures and taking appropriate actions whenever these bounds are violated. This mandates treating reliability as a first-order microarchitecture design constraint, while optimizing performance as long as reliability requirements are satisfied. This paper makes three key contributions towards this goal: (i) we present a simple infrastructure to monitor and provide upper bounds on the vulnerabilities of key processor structures at cycle-level fidelity; (ii) we propose two distinct control mechanisms - throttling and selective redundancy - to proactively and/or reactively bound the vulnerabilities to any limit specified by the system designer; (iii) within this framework, we propose a novel adaptation of Out-of-Order Commit for vulnerability reduction, which automatically provides additional leverage for the control mechanisms to boost performance while remaining within the reliability budget.
Computer science education: an information resource for curriculum development and program enhancement
Authors: R. McCauley
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (2000)

The paper is the next instalment on an ongoing project to provide an easily accessible information resource for departments offering undergraduate computer science (CS) degree programs. This resource is designed to provide structured, up-to-date information in terms of demographics and statistics related to curricula, faculty, and students in such departments. Additionally, it facilitates the identification of various trends based on these data over several years. Numerous CS departments contribute to this resource by participating in a yearly survey. The collected information addresses issues that are of primary concern to faculty in undergraduate CS programs. Moreover, this information can significantly assist in planning and implementing course and curriculum developments. The paper presents highlights of the information generated through this project. Additionally, it reports on an electronic mechanism that is used to collect and disseminate information via the Web.
Distributed Knowledge Construction in an Online Community of Inquiry
Authors: James Waters, Susan Gasson
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

This paper examines sustained, socially-situated engagement in online learning communities. We propose three levels of engagement that are examined through an empirical study of joint knowledge construction in an online community of inquiry. We find that the social, informational, and/or pedagogical content of peer-interaction is related to specific types of problem-structure and its relationship to learner experience. We discuss online course design indicators, based on the social engagement construct.
Hybrid sequential Monte Carlo/Kalman methods to train neural networks in non-stationary environments
Authors: J. F. De Freitas
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

We propose a novel sequential algorithm for training neural networks in non-stationary environments. The approach is based on a Monte Carlo method known as the sampling-importance resampling simulation algorithm. We derive our algorithm using a Bayesian framework, which allows us to learn the probability density functions of the network weights and outputs. Consequently, it is possible to compute various statistical estimates including centroids, modes, confidence intervals and kurtosis. The algorithm performs a global search for minima in parameter space by monitoring the errors and gradients at several points in the error surface. This global optimisation strategy is shown to perform better than local optimisation paradigms such as the extended Kalman filter.
Optimized consensus theory
Authors: J. A. Benediktsson
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

Statistical classification methods based on consensus from several data sources are considered. The methods need weighting mechanisms to control the influence of each data source in the combined classification. The weights are optimized in order to improve the combined classification accuracies. Both linear and non-linear methods are considered for the optimization. A non-linear method which utilizes a neural network is proposed and gives excellent results in experiments. Consensus theory optimized with neural networks outperforms all other methods both in terms of training and test accuracies in the experiments.
Protecting Small Flows from Large Ones for Quality of Service
Authors: R. G. Addie, Oleksiy Yevdokimov, Stephen Braithwaite, David Millsom
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications (2007)

A simple strategy for improving Quality of Service is to protect small flows from large ones, by finding a small number of large flows, separating them from the remaining traffic, and giving the small flow traffic priority over these large flows. This is a very powerful technique because it is known that a small proportion of all flows (e.g. 0.1%) contain a large proportion of all bytes (e.g. 20%). Many questions arise when this method of managing performance is considered. These questions are investigated by means of a mathematical model of traffic and of queueing in routers. One particular question is particularly emphasized in this paper: how should the size of flows be measured?
XCB: an X protocol C binding
Authors: Bart Massey, Jamey Sharp
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual Linux Showcase & Conference - Volume 5 (2001)

The standard X Window System binding for the C programming language, Xlib, is a very successful piece of software across a wide range of applications. However, for many modern uses, Xlib is not an ideal fit: its size, complexity, difficulty of extension and synchronous interface are particularly problematic. The XCB "X Protocol C Binding", currently under development, is a response to these and other concerns. XCB is intended to be a simpler and more direct binding of protocol objects to C functions; careful design of the XCB API and internal data structures and thorough modularization provides a solution that is size and time efficient, maintainable, easy to use both by single-threaded and multithreaded applications and easily extensible. Some features of Xlib have been sacrificed in achieving these goals, notably i18n support and convenience buffering and caching features, but the cost will likely be worth it for toolkit developers and for those looking to write specialized applications layered atop the XCB API.
CiteXtract: Extracting Citation Data from Biomedical Literature
Authors: Nikolay Nikolov, Peter Stoehr, Weimin Zhu, Mark Rijnbeek, Sharmila Pillai
Venue: Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2007)

We present a system for extracting citation data from Pubmed-indexed papers available online based on a knowledge-based algorithm. We achieve nearly 92% accuracy on a sample of 156 papers from 78 different journals. We describe the issues faced, our approach, the results achieved and the future directions of our work.
Building Web-Base SIP Analyzer with Ajax Approach
Authors: Quincy Wu, Yan-Hsiang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

Web applications are generally less interactive than desktop applications. Due to the simple request-response model between web browsers and web servers, users usually experience frequent waiting during a session whenever the web applications need to get data from the server. After a browser sends out a request and await the response to return from the server, no further requests can be taken during this waiting time. In this paper we propose integrating the Ajax approach to the design of a web-base analyzer for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is a popular protocol in IP telephony industry. By getting data asynchronously from the server, this web-base analyzer can monitor the SIP messages on the server in real-time without reloading.
Spatially-aware systems engineering design modeling applied to natural hazard vulnerability assessment
Authors: Timothy J. Eveleigh, Thomas A. Mazzuchi, Shahram Sarkani
Venue: Systems Engineering (2007)

Human socio-technical systems are particularly vulnerable to natural and manmade disasters that project vast physical effects on interdependent functional infrastructure. Many disciplines are trying to understand the complex interactions between the physical world and the systems at risk within it. Systems engineering design is directly concerned with relationships between requirements, functions, and the physical architecture that implements functions. This paper explores the use and advantages of systems engineering design modeling that has been made sensitive to the spatial effects of the physical world by using a geographic information system (GIS) to represent elements of the physical architecture. The paper begins with a description of the spatial context and geographic information systems technology. We review how the spatial context is presently manifested in systems engineering and design modeling and then describe how we combined a geospatial model with a systems engineering design model and explored the unique views that the combined conceptual models introduce. We present a process approach developed for the natural hazard vulnerability domain and discuss our findings to date and the challenges that resulted from mixing models of greatly different fidelity. We conclude by suggesting future work that is needed to further investigate spatially-aware systems engineering conceptual models. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 187&ndash;202, 2007
Methods of searching for guaranteeing and optimistic solutions to integer optimization problems under uncertainty
Authors: N. V. Semenova
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2007)

The paper studies complex integer optimization problems with inexact coefficients of the linear objective function and convex quadratic constraint functions. Exact and approximate decomposition methods are developed and proved to search for guaranteeing and optimistic solutions to such problems. The methods are based on approximation of initial problems by problems of a simpler structure.
Automatic creation of domain templates
Authors: Elena Filatova, Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou, Kathleen McKeown
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

Recently, many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications have improved the quality of their output by using various machine learning techniques to mine Information Extraction (IE) patterns for capturing information from the input text. Currently, to mine IE patterns one should know in advance the type of the information that should be captured by these patterns. In this work we propose a novel methodology for corpus analysis based on cross-examination of several document collections representing different instances of the same domain. We show that this methodology can be used for automatic domain template creation. As the problem of automatic domain template creation is rather new, there is no well-defined procedure for the evaluation of the domain template quality. Thus, we propose a methodology for identifying what information should be present in the template. Using this information we evaluate the automatically created domain templates through the text snippets retrieved according to the created templates.