ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Searching for simplified farmers' crop choice models for integrated watershed management in Thailand: A data mining approach
Authors: Benchaphun Ekasingh, Kamol Ngamsomsuke
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2009)

This study used the C4.5 data mining algorithm to model farmers' crop choice in two watersheds in Thailand. Previous attempts in the Integrated Water Resource Assessment and Management Project to model farmers' crop choice produced large sets of decision rules. In order to produce simplified models of farmers' crop choice, data mining operations were applied for each soil series in the study areas. The resulting decision trees were much smaller in size. Land type, water availability, tenure, capital, labor availability as well as non-farm and livestock income were found to be important considerations in farmers' decision models. Profitability was also found important although it was represented in approximate ranges. Unlike the general wisdom on farmers' crop choice, these decision trees came with threshold values and sequential order of the important variables. The decision trees were validated using the remaining unused set of data, and their accuracy in predicting farmers' decisions was around 84%. Because of their simple structure, the decision trees produced in this study could be useful to analysts of water resource management as they can be integrated with biophysical models for sustainable watershed management.
Introduction to PYTHON 2.6
Authors: Guido van Rossum, Fred L. Drake
Venue:  (2009)

Introduction to PYTHON 2.6 (The Python Tutorial). This is a printed edition of the official Python documentation from the PYTHON 2.6.1 distribution. For each copy sold $1 will be donated to the PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION by the publisher. This book is part of a six-part series of PYTHON 2.6 documentation. Searching for "Python Documentation Manual" will show all six available books as well as the series of Python 3.0 documentation books. THE AUTHOR Guido van Rossum, is the inventor of Python. Fred L. Drake, Jr. is the official editor of the Python documentation.
Summarizing speech without text using hidden Markov models
Authors: Sameer Maskey, Julia Hirschberg
Venue: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers on XX (2006)

We present a method for summarizing speech documents without using any type of transcript/text in a Hidden Markov Model framework. The hidden variables or states in the model represent whether a sentence is to be included in a summary or not, and the acoustic/prosodic features are the observation vectors. The model predicts the optimal sequence of segments that best summarize the document. We evaluate our method by comparing the predicted summary with one generated by a human summarizer. Our results indicate that we can generate 'good' summaries even when using only acoustic/prosodic information, which points toward the possibility of text-independent summarization for spoken documents.
Quality assessment of large scale knowledge resources
Authors: Montse Cuadros, German Rigau
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2006)

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of the quality of publicly available large-scale knowledge resources. The study includes a wide range of manually and automatically derived large-scale knowledge resources. In order to establish a fair and neutral comparison, the quality of each knowledge resource is indirectly evaluated using the same method on a Word Sense Disambiguation task. The evaluation framework selected has been the Senseval-3 English Lexical Sample Task. The study empirically demonstrates that automatically acquired knowledge resources surpass both in terms of precision and recall the knowledge resources derived manually, and that the combination of the knowledge contained in these resources is very close to the most frequent sense classifier. As far as we know, this is the first time that such a quality assessment has been performed showing a clear picture of the current state-of-the-art of publicly available wide coverage semantic resources.
Improved intra-coding methods for H.264/AVC
Authors: Li Song, Yi Xu, Cong Xiong, Leonardo Traversoni
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2009)

The H.264/AVC design adopts a multidirectional spatial prediction model to reduce spatial redundancy, where neighboring pixels are used as a prediction for the samples in a data block to be encoded. In this paper, a recursive prediction scheme and an enhanced (block-matching algorithm BMA) prediction scheme are designed and integrated into the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC framework to provide a new intra coding model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the coding efficiency can be on average increased by 0.27 dB with comparison to the performance of the conventional H.264 coding model.
On the Privacy-Preserving HCI Issues
Authors: Taekyoung Kwon, Jonghyup Lee, Jooseok Song
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Addressing Diversity. Part I: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Actual interactions between human users and computers occur at the user interface, which includes both hardware and software. When users attempt to input sensitive information to computers, a kind of shoulder surfing that might use direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get the information could be a great concern at the user interface. In this paper, we observe privacy-related issues at the user interface and then present an abstract model for privacy-preserving human-computer interactions. In such an abstract model, we also present two prototype methods which could work with traditional input devices.
Automatic coding of facial expressions displayed during posed and genuine pain
Authors: Gwen C. Littlewort, Marian Stewart Bartlett, Kang Lee
Venue: Image and Vision Computing (2009)

We present initial results from the application of an automated facial expression recognition system to spontaneous facial expressions of pain. In this study, 26 participants were videotaped under three experimental conditions: baseline, posed pain, and real pain. The real pain condition consisted of cold pressor pain induced by submerging the arm in ice water. Our goal was to (1) assess whether the automated measurements were consistent with expression measurements obtained by human experts, and (2) develop a classifier to automatically differentiate real from faked pain in a subject-independent manner from the automated measurements. We employed a machine learning approach in a two-stage system. In the first stage, a set of 20 detectors for facial actions from the Facial Action Coding System operated on the continuous video stream. These data were then passed to a second machine learning stage, in which a classifier was trained to detect the difference between expressions of real pain and fake pain. Naive human subjects tested on the same videos were at chance for differentiating faked from real pain, obtaining only 49% accuracy. The automated system was successfully able to differentiate faked from real pain. In an analysis of 26 subjects with faked pain before real pain, the system obtained 88% correct for subject independent discrimination of real versus fake pain on a 2-alternative forced choice. Moreover, the most discriminative facial actions in the automated system were consistent with findings using human expert FACS codes.
Exploiting variant corpora for machine translation
Authors: Michael Paul, Eiichiro Sumita
Venue: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers on XX (2006)

This paper proposes the usage of variant corpora, i.e., parallel text corpora that are equal in meaning but use different ways to express content, in order to improve corpus-based machine translation. The usage of multiple training corpora of the same content with different sources results in variant models that focus on specific linguistic phenomena covered by the respective corpus. The proposed method applies each variant model separately resulting in multiple translation hypotheses which are selectively combined according to statistical models. The proposed method outperforms the conventional approach of merging all variants by reducing translation ambiguities and exploiting the strengths of each variant model.
Web Orchestration: Customization and Sharing Tool for Web Information
Authors: Lei Fu, Terunobu Kume, Fumihito Nishino
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

In this paper, we present a tool, Web Orchestration, which allows people to customize and share the web information in a simple way. Our work is based on the web annotation and web scraping technique. It adopts B/S architecture, and has a user-friendly interface. It can be used in many aspects, such as web information monitoring, web information sharing, web information integration , recombination and so on. As an application of web 2.0 technique, it's easy to use, simple but powerful; it can enhance collaboration of each other, and make web information sharing and personalized web information customization much easier to use.
Security Analysis of a Shared Modular Inversion Protocol for RSA Cryptosystem
Authors: Fanyu Kong, Jia Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia-Pacific Conference on Information Processing - Volume 02 (2009)

D. Catalano, R. Gennaro and S. Halevi had proposed a modular inversion protocol for computing a shared RSA private exponent. In this paper, we propose the security analysis of this shared modular inversion protocol. Firstly, we prove that Catalano-Gennaro-Halevi protocol is insecure when the public exponent is larger than a specific integer. Secondly, it is shown that a fraction of the private exponent d is leaked and only a few bits of d suffice to break the protocol, which is more fragile when smaller parameters are applied.
Practical User Identification for Masquerade Detection
Authors: Charlie Y. Shim, Jung Yeop Kim, Rex E. Gantenbein
Venue: Proceedings of the Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering - IAENG Special Edition of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2008 (2008)

Masquerade detection discovers suspicious activities in a computer system by creating users’ normal profiles, then raising an alert when the audited behavior does not fit. We propose to apply the SVM algorithm to the concurrently employed patterns that have been weighted according to their frequencies in order to identify masquerading attacks. Our approach not only reduces the complexity of the system but also is more robust in controlling noisy instances of the audited behavior.
An MDA-Based Environment for Generating Access Control Policies
Authors: Heiko Klarl, Florian Marmé, Christian Wolff, Christian Emig, Sebastian Abeck
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (2009)

Identity management and access control are essential in the enterprise IT landscape in order to control access to applications and to fulfil laws or regulations. The global competition of enterprises leads to short development cycles and fast changes of IT applications, which requires also an error-free and quick adaption of its security. The model-driven development of access control policies promises to cope with this situation. This work introduces an mda-based environment for generating access control policies. A comprehensive overview is given on the organisational aspects, describing details of roles, artefacts and tools involved. On this basis the four phases of a model-driven development process for access control policies and their organisational aspects are presented.
Automatic measuring of English language proficiency using MT evaluation technology
Authors: Keiji Yasuda, Eiichiro Sumita, Genichiro Kikui, Fumiaki Sugaya, Toshiyuki Takezawa, Seiichi Yamamoto
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on eLearning for Computational Linguistics and Computational Linguistics for eLearning (2004)

Assisting in foreign language learning is one of the major areas in which natural language processing technology can contribute. This paper proposes a computerized method of measuring communicative skill in English as a foreign language. The proposed method consists of two parts. The first part involves a test sentence selection part to achieve precise measurement with a small test set. The second part is the actual measurement, which has three steps. Step one asks proficiency-known human subjects to translate Japanese sentences into English. Step two gauges the match between the translations of the subjects and correct translations based on the n-gram overlap or the edit distance between translations. Step three learns the relationship between proficiency and match. By regression it finds a straight-line fitting for the scatter plot representing the proficiency and matches of the subjects. Then, it estimates proficiency of proficiency-unknown users by using the line and the match. Based on this approach, we conducted experiments on estimating the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) score. We collected two sets of data consisting of English sentences translated from Japanese. The first set consists of 330 sentences, each translated to English by 29 subjects with varied English proficiency. The second set consists of 510 sentences translated in a similar manner by a separate group of 18 subjects. We found that the estimated scores correlated with the actual scores.
The Rubato Composer Music Software: Component-Based Implementation of a Functorial Concept Architecture, 1st edition
Authors: Grard Milmeister
Venue:  (2009)

Both modern mathematical music theory and computer science are strongly influenced by the theory of categories and functors. One outcome of this research is the data format of denotators, which is based on set-valued presheaves over the category of modules and diaffine homomorphisms. The functorial approach of denotators deals with generalized points in the form of arrows and allows the construction of a universal concept architecture. This architecture is ideal for handling all aspects of music, especially for the analysis and composition of highly abstract musical works. This book presents an introduction to the theory of module categories and the theory of denotators, as well as the design of a software system, called Rubato Composer, which is an implementation of the category-theoretic concept framework. The application iswritten in portable Java and relies on plug-in components, so-called rubettes, which may be combined in data flow networks for the generation and manipulation of denotators. The Rubato Composer system is open to arbitrary extension and is freely available under the GPL license. It allows the developer to build specialized rubettes for tasks that are of interest to composers, who in turn combine them to create music. It equally serves music theorists, who use them to extract information from and manipulate musical structures. They may even develop new theories by experimenting with the many parameters that are at their disposal thanks to the increased flexibility of the functorial concept architecture. Two contributed chapters by Guerino Mazzola and Florian Thalmann illustrate the application of the theory as well as the software in the development of compositional tools and the creation of a musical work with the help of the Rubato framework. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Region-Based Illuminant Estimation for Effective Color Correction
Authors: Simone Bianco, Francesca Gasparini, Raimondo Schettini
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2009)

Several algorithms were proposed in the literature to recover the illuminant chromaticity of the original scene. These algorithms work well only when prior assumptions are satisfied, and the best and the worst algorithms may be different for different scenes. In particular for certain images a do nothing strategy can be preferred. Starting from these considerations, we have developed a region-based color constancy algorithm able to automatically select (and/or blend) among different color corrections, including a conservative do nothing strategy. The strategy to be applied is selected without any a priori knowledge of the image content and only performing image low level analysis.
Algebraic Properties of Generalized Rough Sets
Authors: Michiro Kondo
Venue: Fundamenta Informaticae (2009)

In this paper we consider the problem whether for a map &phiv; : A(B) &rarr; B there is a relation R on A(B) such that properties of a map &phiv;: B &rarr; B are reflected to R. This is a converse problem that J. J&auml;rvinen proved in [5]. We give an affirmative answer to the problem. Moreover we give equational bases which characterize properties of the map &phiv;. This means that the classes of some types of algebras form varieties. Hence, there are full correspondence between properties of relations and varieties of modal algebras. This work was partially supported by Grant-Aid for Scientific Research (No.15500016), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
VisNetMiner: An Integration Tool for Visualization and Analysis of Networks
Authors: Chuan Shi, Dan Zhou, Bin Wu, Jian Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2009)

As the social network analysis has gradually been applied in many scientific fields, a tool for visualizing and analyzing large-scale networks is urgently needed. VisNetMiner is an integration tool for visualization and analysis of networks, which aims at integrating data preprocessing, modeling, analysis and visualization. This tool can analyze different kinds of data and builds a clear architecture for network analysis and visualization. Moreover, VisNetMiner has the following characteristics: 1) organizing the structural data with a uniform and flexible multi-dimensional data model; 2) providing comprehensive methods for network analysis and visualization; 3) assisting users manage the analytic processes with the workflow management. The experiments verify the effectiveness of VisNetMiner with an academic collaboration network.
Real-Time Highway Traffic Accident Prediction Based on the k-Nearest Neighbor Method
Authors: Yisheng Lv, Shuming Tang, Hongxia Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

The occurrence of a highway traffic accident is associated with the short-term turbulence of traffic flow. In this paper, we investigate how to identify the traffic accident potential by using the k-nearest neighbor method with real-time traffic data. This is the first time the k-nearest neighbor method is applied in real-time highway traffic accident prediction. Traffic accident precursors and their calculation time slice duration are determined before classifying traffic patterns. The experimental results show the k-nearest neighbor method outperforming the conventional C-means clustering method.
Safety Requirements for a Cooperative Traffic Management System: The Human Interface Perspective
Authors: Thomas Gruber, Egbert Althammer, Erwin Schoitsch
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (2009)

Traffic management systems are complex networks integrating sensors, actors, communication on different levels and humans as active part, consisting of road-side infrastructure coupled with advanced driver assistance systems and on-board data collection facilities.COOPERS1 has the objective of co-operative traffic management by implementing intelligent services interfacing vehicles, drivers, road infrastructure and highway operators. These services have different levels of criticality and safety impact, and involve different types of smart systems and wireless communications. In the initial phase of the COOPERS project a RAMSS2 analysis was carried out on road traffic scenarios, services and communications. The analysis yielded that the HMI (Human Machine Interface) is one of the major threats to reliability.After a short overview on COOPERS and the RAMSS analysis, this paper describes the risks of the HMI and human factors in the specific situation of a driver and gives concrete recommendations for the OBU (On-Board Unit) user interface.
Generalized link properties for expressive ε-connections of description logics
Authors: Bijan Parsia, Bernardo Cuenca Grau
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2 (2005)

ε-Connections are a robust framework for combining in a decidable way several families of decidable logics, including Description Logics (DLs), Modal Logics, and many logics of time and space. ε-Connections have also proved to be useful for supporting modular, distributed modeling such as is becoming common on the Semantic Web. In this paper, we present an extension to ε-Connections of DLs that provides more flexibility in the way link properties can be defined and used in a combination of ontologies. We also provide means for defining transitive relations across domains and for simulating some of the expressivity of the transitive closure operator. Finally, we provide a tableau-based decision procedure for two relevant ε-Connection languages involving the influential DLs SHIQ, SHOQ and SHIO, which are at the hasis of the Web Ontology Language (OWL).
An Empirical Study of Assembly Error Detection Using an Augmented Vision System
Authors: Barbara Odenthal, Marcel Ph. Mayer, Wolfgang Kabuß, Bernhard Kausch, Christopher M. Schlick
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Within the Cluster of Excellence "Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries" of RWTH Aachen University a numerical control unit and its ergonomic human-machine interface are developed for a robotized production unit. In order to cope with novel systems, the human operator will have to meet new challenges regarding the work requirements. Therefore, a first prototype of an augmented vision system to assist the human operator is developed dealing with the task of error detection and identification in an assembly object. Laboratory tests have been performed to find a preferable solution to display information.