ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Cryptography in OpenBSD: an overview
Authors: Theo de Raadt, Niklas Hallqvist, Artur Grabowski, Angelos D. Keromytis, Niels Provos
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1999)

Cryptographic mechanisms are an important security component of an operating system in securing the system itself and its communication paths. Indeed, in many situations, cryptography is the only tool that can solve a particular problem, e.g., network-level security. While cryptography by itself does not guarantee security, when applied correctly, it can significantly improve overall security. Since one of the main foci of the OpenBSD system is security, various cryptographic mechanisms are employed in a number of different roles. This paper gives an overview of the cryptography employed in OpenBSD. We discuss the various components (IPsec, SSL libraries, stronger password encryption, Kerberos IV, random number generators, etc.), their role in system security, and their interactions with the rest of the system (and, where applicable, the network).
Motion estimation by image content matching and application to video processing
Authors: A. Kundu
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

We describe a new block motion estimation scheme by matching similar blocks across the frames under consideration according to their image content. A suitable definition of image content of a block is given. The new algorithm is compared vis-a-vis the conventional algorithm to demonstrate its superiority. Application of this new motion estimation algorithm to video pre-processing is also described.
RFID applications toward mobile business
Authors: Shang Gao
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

With the advent of the mobile technologies which provide multi-channel solutions and multi-device services to customers, it is common to predict that the way people access and utilize the information resources will be radically transformed. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), which is one of the core mobile technologies, is expected to contribute to the development of mobile business and building of ubiquitous and wireless infrastructure. In this paper, we would like to investigate how RFID applications toward different mobile business areas. In addition, the concept and structure of mobile RFID systems, which would broaden the functionality of RFID technology in the mobile work circumstance, is presented.
A denoising approach to multichannel signal estimation
Authors: A. M. Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1999)

Multichannel sensor array processing has received considerable attention in many important areas of signal processing. Almost all data recorded by multisensor instruments contain various amounts of noise, and much work has been done in developing optimal processing structures for estimating the signal source from the noisy multichannel observations. The techniques developed so far assume the signal and noise processes are at least wide-sense-stationary so that optimal linear estimation can be achieved with a set of linear, time-invariant filters. Unfortunately, nonstationary signals arise in many important applications and there is no efficient structure with which to optimally deal with them. While wavelets have proven to be useful tools in dealing with certain nonstationary signals, the way in which wavelets are to be used in the multichannel setting is still an open question. Based on the structure for optimal linear estimation of nonstationary multichannel data and statistical models of spatial signal coherence, we propose a method to obtain an efficient multichannel estimator based on the wavelet transform.
Exploiting Prior Knowledge in The Recovery of Signals from Noisy Random Projections
Authors: Javier Garcia-Frias, Inaki Esnaola
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Data Compression Conference (2007)

It has been recently shown that if a signal can be compressed in some basis, then it can be reconstructed in such basis from a certain number of random projections. By al- lowing additional distortion, this holds even if the projections are corrupted by noise. We extend this result by showing that it is possible to exploit prior knowledge (e.g., if the signal is a realization of a stochastic process,) to significantly improve reconstruc- tion performance. This is done in a fashion resembling standard joint source-channel coding of digital sources. Moreover, the exploitation of such knowledge allows for reconstruction in bases where the signal is not sparse.
Theory of planning behavior (TPB) and customer satisfaction in the continued use of e-service: An integrated model
Authors: Chechen Liao, Jain-Liang Chen, David C. Yen
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2007)

This study has devoted much effort to developing an integrated model designed to predict and explain an individual's continued use of online services based on the concepts of the expectation disconfirmation model and the theory of planned behavior. Empirical data was collected from a field survey of Cyber University System (CUS) users to verify the fit of the hypothetical model. The measurement model indicates the theoretical constructs have adequate reliability and validity while the structured equation model is illustrated as having a high model fit for empirical data. Study's findings show that a customer's behavioral intention towards e-service continuance is mainly determined by customer satisfaction and additionally affected by perceived usefulness and subjective norm. Generally speaking, the integrated model can fully reflect the spirit of the expectation disconfirmation model and take advantage of planned behavior theory. After consideration of the impact of systemic features, personal characteristics, and social influence on customer behavior, the integrated model had a better explanatory advantage than other EDM-based models proposed in prior research.
Estimating the offset parameters of a mixture in the Fourier domain
Authors: S. Vaton
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

In this contribution we present an algorithm for estimating some parameters of offset in the case of incomplete data. This estimation cannot be performed directly with an EM or SEM method because the density of local extrema in the likelihood map grows exponentially with the number of observations and because the SEM method provides a monotonic sequence of estimates so that bad initialization cannot be recovered. We perform the estimation in the Fourier domain. The offsets in time domain are transformed into pulsations in the Fourier domain. We minimize a quadratic distance between the parametric and empirical sampled Fourier transform with an EM method. Contrary to the problems encountered in the time domain the asymptotic loglikelihood of the sampled empirical Fourier transform is continuous w.r.t. the parameters of offset. We discuss the influence of the frequencies at which the Fourier transform is sampled and we present a numerical study of convergence of the proposed algorithms.
GrOWL: A tool for visualization and editing of OWL ontologies
Authors: Sergey Krivov, Richard Williams, Ferdinando Villa
Venue: Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web (2007)

In an effort to optimize visualization and editing of OWL ontologies we have developed GrOWL-a browser and visual editor for OWL that accurately visualizes the underlying DL semantics of OWL ontologies while avoiding the difficulties of the verbose OWL syntax. In this paper, we discuss GrOWL visualization model and the essential visualization techniques implemented in GrOWL.
Consumer Electronics Meets Distributed Storage
Authors: Daniel Peek, Jason Flinn
Venue: Computer (2007)

BlueFS provides a unified view of personal digital content on multiple devices.
PEI models towards scalable, usable and high-assurance information sharing
Authors: Ram Krishnan, Ravi Sandhu, Kumar Ranganathan
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies (2007)

Secure Information Sharing (SIS) or "share but protect" is a challenging and elusive problem both because of its broad scope and complexity ranging right from conception (objective and policy) to culmination (implementation). In this paper, we consider how to solve SIS challenges with three main and conflicting objectives: scalability, usability and high-assurance. In the context of SIS, high-assurance requires strong controls on the client. It is widely accepted that such controls cannot be entirely software-based. In this regard, we consider solutions based on commercially emerging hardware-rooted Trusted Computing Technology. For SIS, we argue super-distribution ("protect once and access wherever authorized") and off-line access are necessary to achieve scalability and usability. We limit super-distribution to occur within a group of Trusted Platform Module [1] or TPM-enabled machine. For simplicity, we assume all content that are distributed to be read-only. Drilling down, we discuss Policy, Enforcement and Implementation (PEI) models for SIS within a group (group-based SIS or g-SIS).
Computation and performance of the prolate-spheroidal wave function window in spectral estimation
Authors: Zhiyue Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

It has been proven that the prolate-spheroidal wave function (PSWF) window is the optimal high-resolution window in the classical spectral estimation. However, the implementation of the PSWF window is difficult in the past due to the lack of a closed form solution. The numerical computation of the PSWF window using the Legendre function is considered and the performance of this window compared with other windows is discussed. The theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that under the same conditions, the PSWF window which is approximated by using the proposed method is superior to other commonly used windows.
Universal access to ECE undergraduate information via the Web
Authors: B. C. Wheeler
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1996)

The World Wide Web is being used as the gateway to all academic information appropriate to 1500 undergraduates in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our goal is to change the behavior of students so that they will look to department home page first in search of answers to any question related to classes, curricula, and extracurricular activities. Advising materials include explanations of all curricular requirements, links to course catalog and timetable information, on-line lookup of advisor name and homepage, and links to professional societies. We are actively pursuing a departmental goal that students be able to access home pages for all their ECE courses in order to obtain materials such as instructor names and office hours, class assignments, course notes, and old exams. Bulletin boards are integrated into the home pages to encourage interaction among students and instructors. We are pioneering the use of asynchronous learning technology for computer grading of homework exercises and access to teaching assistants around the clock. Our undergraduate organizations (e.g. IEEE and HKN) promote their many valuable services over the web, including publishing of surveys of courses and undergraduate research opportunities.
Critical input data channels selection for progressive work exercise test by neural network sensitivity analysis
Authors: A. H. Rambhia
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

We aimed at training a neural network to classify stress test exercise data into one of three classes: normal, heart failure, or lung failure. Good classification accuracy was obtained using a backpropagation neural network architecture with one hidden layer during cross validation on a data set of 110 vectors, when all 17 channels were used. We further aimed at determining which of these channels were critical to the decision making process. This was done through an input sensitivity analysis. Results showed that nine channels formed a critical superset of which possibly any eight could achieve almost perfect classification. We thus show that faster and more accurate classification may be obtained by input channel elimination due to dimension reduction of input space, which makes better generalization.
Performance measures for estimating vector systems
Authors: A. Nehorai
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

We propose a framework of performance measures for analyzing estimators of geometrical vectors that have intuitive physical interpretations, are independent of the coordinate frame and parameterization, and have no artificial singularities. We obtain finite-sample and asymptotic lower bounds on them for large classes of estimators and show how they may be used as system design criteria. We determine a simple asymptotic relationship that is applicable to both the measures and their bounds.
15 Years of Program Comprehension
Authors: Scott Tilley
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (2007)

2007 marks the 15th anniversary of the IEEE Program Comprehension series of events. What began in 1992 as a small workshop co-located with the IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance (CSM'92) in Florida is now the preeminent international gathering for researchers exploring all aspects of program understanding. This success speaks to the long-term importance and the growing interest of the field of program comprehension in the broader software engineering context.
Enabling Privacy in Pervasive Computing Using Fusion of Privacy Negotiation, Identity Management and Trust Management Techniques
Authors: Aleksej Jerman Blazic, Kajetan Dolinar, Jan Porekar
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Digital Society (2007)

Designing and composing pervasive systems of the next generation networks is a technological as well as social challenge due to its complexity and its unpredictable nature. In such environments a significant amount of information directly related to users are fetched, exchanged, processed and delivered as personalized services. Due to automation of infrastructure both users and services have many agents acting on their behalf. Respectively in pervasive systems one of the most problematic concerns arises on user right to maintain privacy. This paper is focused on instruments to enable and maintain privacy through a subtle fusion of different privacy enabling techniques. We present conceptual privacy enabling architecture of infrastructural pervasive middleware that uses trust management, privacy negotiation and identity management during the inter-entity communication lifecycle. Using this approach balance between the conflicting interest of pervasiveness on one hand and protecting privacy on the other is achieved.
Transductive regression piloted by inter-manifold relations
Authors: Huan Wang, Shuicheng Yan, Thomas Huang, Jianzhuang Liu, Xiaoou Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel semisupervised regression algorithm working on multiclass data that may lie on multiple manifolds. Unlike conventional manifold regression algorithms that do not consider the class distinction of samples, our method introduces the class information to the regression process and tries to exploit the similar configurations shared by the label distribution of multi-class data. To utilize the correlations among data from different classes, we develop a cross-manifold label propagation process and employ labels from different classes to enhance the regression performance. The interclass relations are coded by a set of intermanifold graphs and a regularization item is introduced to impose inter-class smoothness on the possible solutions. In addition, the algorithm is further extended with the kernel trick for predicting labels of the out-of-sample data even without class information. Experiments on both synthesized data and real world problems validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for semisupervised regression.
A generalized tracking analysis of adaptive filtering algorithms in cyclicly and randomly varying environments
Authors: N. R. Yousef
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

This paper derives new tracking results for adaptive filtering algorithms operating in the presence of two sources of non-stationarities: a carrier frequency offset and random variations. Both impairments are common in digital communications due to variations in channel characteristics and to mismatches between transmitter and receiver carrier generators.
Attacks and Remedies in Collaborative Recommendation
Authors: Bamshad Mobasher, Robin Burke, Runa Bhaumik, J. J. Sandvig
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Preserving user trust in recommender system depends on the perception of the system as objective, unbiased, and accurate. However, publicly accessible user-adaptive systems such as collaborative recommender systems present a security problem. Attackers, closely resembling ordinary users, might introduce biased profiles to force the system to adapt in a manner advantageous to them. The authors discuss some of the major issues in building secure recommender systems, including some of the most effective attacks and their impact on various recommendation algorithms. Approaches for responding to these attacks range from algorithmic approaches to designing more robust recommenders, to effective methods for detecting and eliminating suspect profiles.
Three types of viewers' favorite music videos
Authors: M. Kamata, K. Furukawa
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (2007)

The purpose of this study is to classify viewers' favorite music videos based on viewers' attributes evaluation and identify their characteristics. In this study, we designed a web-based questionnaire survey to collect data from forty-three young people. Participants watched fifteen music videos one-by-one and rated overall preference and twelve attributes with five-point scales. Then, we carried out the k-means clustering analysis according to the viewers' attributes evaluation ratings. As a result, we found that there were three types of viewers' favorite music videos. Viewers gave high evaluations to those music videos primarily because: (1) auditory-leading type: they liked music and singer; (2) visual-leading type: they were amazed by the imaging technique; (3) synergic type: they got favorable impressions overall.allIt is noteworthy that stories related to the lyrics and time-order structured had especially a positive impact on the viewers' evaluation.
Network educationware demonstration
Authors: J. Mark Pullen
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2007)

Network EducationWare (NEW) is a powerful and robust open-source multimedia system for synchronous Internet distance education. It supports blended presentations in a form we call simulteaching, where some students are in a traditional classroom and others participate in real time over the Internet. It also records the class as presented, so that students can attend class delayed in time. NEW has been designed to be highly modular and to make effective use of both network bandwidth and human time. Reference [1] describes how George Mason University has used NEW to offer a popular and innovative MS degree in Computer Science, at low cost. NEW consists of multi-platform, open source software that runs on inexpensive Windows and Linux computers. It implements both synchronous and asynchronous paradigms for distance education in a way that requires little additional effort on the part of the instructor and little additional cost for the institution, yet provides greatly increased accessibility to students and therefore promotes wider access to graduate computer science education. NEW is freely available to the Computer Science education community. Some important features which make it attractive are: • Works over dialup modem and most commercial Internet services, allowing live participation, record, and playback at any site.• Provides access to students at home or office, even through firewalls and network address translation (NAT) systems.• Features Web-based access with LDAP authentication and an open source course management database.• Audio and whiteboard interfaces with floor control and text chat panel allow full interaction with students over the Internet and require minimal learning time for faculty (video also is available with broadband Internet).• Supports authoring of graphic materials from any application.• Web-based Course Management system simplifies teaching, learning, and administration.. This demonstration will feature the NEW clients for both Windows and Linux, in operation with the NEW Live and Playback servers over a local wireless network (see figure below for operational configuration). The NEW software will be available during the demonstration for installation and operation on attendees' laptop computers.
Applicability and Usability of Off-the-Shelf Smart Appliances in Tele-Care
Authors: Gerhard Leitner, Martin Hitz, David Ahlstrom
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

Investments in tele-care infrastructure are an increasing financial burden for private households because financial support of public authorities has decreased for several reasons. On the other hand, the presence of satisfactory IT infrastructure and the availability of commercial-off-the-shelf (Cots) smart devices could be a possible alternative. Being quite affordable, the adaptation of such devices for the usage in tele-health and tele-care seems to solve the financial problem. However, users of tele-health systems are usually people with a low level of technical know-how and computer literacy, e.g. elderly people. Consequently, besides other requirements, the usability of the systems used in tele-care has to be high. Based on the outcome of a field study, scenarios of future research regarding the applicability and usability of off-the-shelf smart appliances are discussed.