ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Deformable Contours: Modeling and Extraction
Authors: Kok F. Lai, Roland T. Chin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (1995)

This paper considers the problem of modeling and extracting arbitrary deformable contours from noisy images. We propose a global contour model based on a stable and regenerative shape matrix, which is invariant and unique under rigid motions. Combined with Markov random field to model local deformations, this yields prior distribution that exerts influence over a global model while allowing for deformations. We then cast the problem of extraction into posterior estimation and show its equivalence to energy minimization of a generalized active contour model. We discuss pertinent issues in shape training, energy minimization, line search strategies, minimax regularization and initialization by generalized Hough transform. Finally, we present experimental results and compare its performance to rigid template matching.
Using Tries to Eliminate Pattern Collisions in Perfect Hashing
Authors: M. D. Brain, A. L. Tharp
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1994)

Many current perfect hashing algorithms suffer from the problem of pattern collisions. In this paper, a perfect hashing technique that uses array-based tries and a simple sparse matrix packing algorithm is introduced. This technique eliminates all pattern collisions, and, because of this, it can be used to form ordered minimal perfect hashing functions on extremely large word lists. This algorithm is superior to other known perfect hashing functions for large word lists in terms of function building efficiency, pattern collision avoidance, and retrieval function complexity. It has been successfully used to form an ordered minimal perfect hashing function for the entire 24481 element Unix word list without resorting to segmentation. The item lists addressed by the perfect hashing function formed can be ordered in any manner, including alphabetically, to easily allow other forms of access to the same list.
The silent killer
Authors: Jack W. Raines
Venue: Health Care on the Internet (2002)

High blood pressure or hypertension continues as a major medical problem in the United States and the world. Hypertension leads to stroke, heart attack, and other coronary diseases. Generally, except for those past age 70, it is a much greater problem for males than for females. Half of those with high blood pressure are not even aware of it and for over 90%, the cause is unknown. Blood pressure, and the resulting coronary problems, can be reduced significantly with lifestyle and health choices. The information presented at most of the medical Web sites applies to both men and women. Many of the behavioral changes are relatively simple to accomplish, but men need to be aware of those healthy lifestyle choices if they are to reduce their risks of later coronary disease.
Finite Sample Behaviour of an Ergodically Fast Line-Search Algorithm
Authors: L. Pronzato, H. P. Wynn, A. A. Zhigljavsky
Venue: Computational Optimization and Applications (1999)

In order to represent a line-search algorithm as a non-convergent dynamic system, we perform a renormalisation of the uncertainty interval at each iteration. Its ergodic behaviour can then be studied, and it happens that, for locally symmetric functions, the asymptotic performances of the algorithm suggested are far better than those of the well-known GoldenSection algorithm. A proper tuning of internal parameters is then performed to obtain good performances for a finite number of iterations. The case of a function symmetric with respect to its optimum is considered first. An algorithm is presented, that only uses function comparisons,with a significant reduction of the number of comparisons required to reach a given precision when compared to the Golden Section algorithm. The robustness of these performances with respectto non-symmetry of the function is then checked by numerical simulations.
A Fault-Tolerant Digital Artificial Neuron
Authors: Fadi N. Sibai
Venue: IEEE Design Test (1993)

A simple fault-tolerant digital artificial neuron is introduced. Two digital implementations based on two different adders are examined. Reliability, fault coverage, and hardware redundancy analyses are carried out to characterize the proposed fault-tolerant digital neural module. These analyses reveal that, for a 114% increase in hardware, a 92.07% fault detection coverage and a 21.15% fault recovery coverage are attained for a four-input neural module.
Low-Cost Instrumentation for the Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Sadık Kara, Duygu İstek, Mustafa Okandan
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2003)

In Hirschsprung's disease, the internal anorectal sphincter fails to relax in response to rectal distension, which strongly indicates the absence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR). Hirschsprung's disease is a very common case particularly encountered in the newborns in our region. Development of a manometric system targeted specifically for the diagnosis of this disease at a reasonable cost is an urgent need identified by our regional colorectal surgeons. These surgeons indicated that commercially available anorectal manometers are too expensive to acquire. Therefore, in our research we tried to develop a low-cost single balloon-transducer system, which only provides information about RAIR, and hence diagnoses the Hirschsprung's disease.The hardware part of our instrumentation is made of a latex balloon, pressure transducer, amplifier, and A/D converter circuits, which all collects the pressure readings and sends the data to the computer. The manometer system software, programmed based on Delphi, displays these readings and patient information on a computer screen. This designed system was successful enough to perform manometric recording of RAIR in the anorectal ampulla of rabbits and rats.
Parallel Implementations of Probabilistic Inference
Authors: Alexander V. Kozlov, Jaswinder Pal Singh
Venue: Computer (1996)

Probabilistic inference is an important technique for reasoning under uncertainty in such areas as medicine, software fault diagnosis, speech recognition, and automated vision. Although it could contribute to many more applications, probabilistic inference is extremely computationally intensive, making it impractical for applications that involve large databases. One way to address this problem is to take advantage of the technique's available parallelism. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of doing probabilistic inference in parallel. They found that parallel probabilistic inference presents interesting tradeoffs between load balance and data locality. These factors are key to successful parallel applications and yet are often difficult to optimize. The authors attempted to find the optimal tradeoff by writing two parallel programs--static and dynamic--to exploit different forms of parallelism available in probabilistic inference. Both programs were tested on a 32-processor Stanford Dash and a 16-processor SGI Challenge XL, using six medium belief networks to evaluate the programs. In a series of experiments and analyses, the results were evaluated to see how computation time was used and how data locality affected performance. The authors then tested the static program using a large medical diagnosis network. The static program, which maximizes data locality, outperformed the dynamic program. It also reduced the time probabilistic inference takes on the large medical network. The results suggest that maintaining good data locality is crucial for obtaining good speedups and that the speedups attained will depend on the network's structure and size.
A Hypergraph Based Approach to Declustering Problems
Authors: Duen-Ren Liu, Mei-Yu Wu
Venue: Distributed and Parallel Databases (2001)

Parallelizing I/O operations via effective declustering of data is becoming essential to scale up the performance of parallel databases or high performance systems. Declustering has been shown to be a NP-complete problem in some contexts. Some heuristic methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, most methods are not effective in several cases such as queries with different access frequencies or data with different sizes. In this paper, we propose a hypergraph model to formulate the declustering problem. Several interesting theoretical results are achieved by analyzing the proposed model. The proposed approach will allow modeling a wide range of declustering problems. Furthermore, the hypergraph declustering model is used as the basis to develop new heuristic methods, including a greedy method and a hybrid declustering method. Experiments show that the proposed methods can achieve better performance than several declustering methods.
Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of a Detection-Based Adaptive Block Replacement Scheme
Authors: Jongmoo Choi, Sam H. Noh, Sang Lyul Min, Eun-Yong Ha, Yookun Cho
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2002)

A new buffer replacement scheme, called DEAR (DEtection-based Adaptive Replacement), is presented for effective caching of disk blocks in the operating system. The proposed DEAR scheme automatically detects block reference patterns of applications and applies different replacement policies to different applications depending on the detected reference pattern. The detection is made by a periodic process and is based on the relationship between block attribute values, such as backward distance and frequency gathered in a period, and the forward distance observed in the next period. This paper also describes an implementation and performance measurement of the DEAR scheme in FreeBSD. The results from performance measurements of several real applications show that, compared with the LRU scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the number of disk I/Os by up to 51 percent (with an average of 23 percent) and the response time by up to 35 percent (with an average of 12 percent) in the case of single application executions. For multiple application executions, the results show that the proposed scheme reduces the number of disk I/Os by up to 20 percent (with an average of 12 percent) and the overall response time by up to 18 percent (with an average of 8 percent).
The Road to Maturity: Navigating Between Craft and Science
Authors: Christof Ebert
Venue: IEEE Software (1997)

Christof Ebert presents his views on the state of software engineering as a field, its roots and inherent conflicts, its relationship to other engineering disciplines, where it is headed, and what we can do to influence that direction. Tomoo Matsubara, Todd Webb, Mauro Pezze, and Olav W. Bertelsen offer a spectrum of further insights.
Mixing Prototyping and Data Modeling for Information-System Design
Authors: Maryam Alavi, James C. Wetherbe
Venue: IEEE Software (1991)

An experiment to determine whether integrating two techniques available to designers, but normally used separately, would help in development of the right system is reported. The experiment used management-information-systems graduate students as designers and users. Measures of designers' reactions to design strategies were included in the experiment. The results showed that designers have negative reactions to combining prototyping with data modeling. The designers using data modeling and prototyping together reported less satisfaction with the task and more stress than designers who used prototyping alone. They also saw the tasks as more complex. However, the results also show that these reactions were not great enough to degrade performance. Designers who used the combined strategy required fewer iterations and designed systems with more efficient data structures than designers who used only prototyping.
Knowledge extraction using artificial neural networks: application to radar target identification
Authors: J.-F. Remm, F. Alexandre
Venue: Signal Processing (2002)

Artificial neural networks are efficient for performing signal processing but are not able to explain their decision nor to extract knowledge from data. We propose here a way to extract rules and hints from the hidden layers of a multilayered perceptron. The network is first pruned and then the progressive use of a simpler transfer function can allow such knowledge extraction. This method has been successfully applied to radar signal identification.
An experiment in automated humorous output production
Authors: Oliviero Stock, Carlo Strapparava
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2003)

Computational humor will be needed in interfaces, no less than other cognitive capabilities. There are many practical settings where computational humor will add value. Among them there are: business world applications (such as advertisement, e-commerce, etc...), general computer-mediated communication and human-computer interaction, increase in the friendliness of natural language interfaces, educational and edutainment systems. In particular in the educational field it is an important resource for getting selective attention, help in memorizing names and situations etc. And we all know how well it works with children.Automated humor production in general is a very difficult task but we wanted to prove that some results can be achieved even in short time. We have worked at a concrete limited problem, as the core of the European Project HAHAcronym. The main goal of HAHAcronym has been the realization of an acronym ironic re-analyzer and generator as a proof of concept in a focalized but non restricted context. In order to implement this system some general tools have been adapted, or developed for the humorous context. Systems output has been submitted to evaluation by human subjects, with a very positive result
Telemedicine: issues and implications
Authors: Gurmak Singh, John O'Donoghue, Chia Kee Soon
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2002)

Physicians, hospitals and medical schools have been exploring the uses of telemedicine since 1964, primarily in the area of medical education. While the explosion of interest in telemedicine over the past five or six years has seen an increase in the use of telecommunications technology. At present, telemedicine is utilised by health providers in a growing number of medical specialties including but not limited to: dermatology, oncology, radiology, surgery, cardiology, psychiatry and home health care. The emergence of telemedicine has altered the structure of this industry, the management of the health providers and is likely to have an impact on the patients and society at large.
Learning intelligent behavior in a non-stationary and partially observable environment
Authors: Selcuk Senkul, Faruk Polat
Venue: Artificial Intelligence Review (2002)

Individual learning in an environment where more than one agent exist is a challenging task. In this paper, a single learning agent situated in an environment where multiple agents exist is modeled based on reinforcement learning. The environment is non-stationary and partially accessible from an agents' point of view. Therefore, learning activities of an agent is influenced by actions of other cooperative or competitive agents in the environment. A prey-hunter capture game that has the above characteristics is defined and experimented to simulate the learning process of individual agents. Experimental results show that there are no strict rules for reinforcement learning. We suggest two new methods to improve the performance of agents. These methods decrease the number of states while keeping as much state as necessary.
JAZiO Signal-Switching Technology: A Low-Cost Digital I/O for High-Speed Applications
Authors: Ejaz Haq, Jim Slager, John Pecoraro, John D. Johnson, Mark Santoro, Lee Tavrow, Scott Wakefield, David Weisner
Venue: IEEE Micro (2001)

This low-cost digital technique uses differential sensing, requires only a single pin per signal, and is based on detecting a change/no change state from the preceding state.
Programming language optimizations for modular router configurations
Authors: Eddie Kohler, Robert Morris, Benjie Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems (2002)

Networking systems such as Ensemble, the x-kernel, Scout, and Click achieve flexibility by building routers and other packet processors from modular components. Unfortunately, component designs are often slower than purpose-built code, and routers in particular have stringent efficiency requirements. This paper addresses the efficiency problems of one component-based router, Click, through optimization tools inspired in part by compiler optimization passes. This pragmatic approach can result in significant performance improvements; for example, the combination of three optimizations reduces the amount of CPU time Click requires to process a packet in a simple IP router by 34%. We present several optimization tools, describe how those tools affected the design of Click itself, and present detailed evaluations of Click's performance with and without optimization.
Automated prototyping tool-kit (APT)
Authors: Nader Nada, M. Shing, V. Berzins
Venue: Information Sciences&mdash;Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal (2002)

Automated prototyping tool-kit (APT) is an integrated set of software tools that generate source programs directly from real-time requirements. The APT system uses a fifth-generation prototyping language to model the communication structure, timing constraints, I/O control, and data buffering that comprise the requirements for an embedded software system. The language supports the specification of hard real-time systems with reusable components from domain specific component libraries. APT has been used successfully as a research tool in prototyping large war-fighter control systems (e.g. the command-and-control station, cruise missile flight control system, patriot missile defense systems) and demonstrated its capability to support the development of large complex embedded software.
Industrial Economics and Strategy: Computing Platforms
Authors: Shane Greenstein
Venue: IEEE Micro (1998)

In this short article, I outline a few key concepts to help understand long run economic forces for structural change and stasis in the platforms that govern behavior in the computer industry. While the primary goal for most of this discussion is to explain why things happen instead of what firms should do, I will conclude with a comparison of some standard strategic issues against the historical patterns of change in the industry.
Comments on "A Multiaccess Frame Buffer Architecture"
Authors: Bin Wei
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1996)

D.T. Harper introduced a storage scheme in a multiaccess frame buffer scenario and showed that the proposed architecture allows parallel access to constant area rectangles of the array of pixels stored in the frame buffer. These comments show that the claim may not be true. There are cases when parallel access is not possible.
Second-Generation CASE Tools: A Challenge to Vendors
Authors: Charles F. Martin
Venue: IEEE Software (1988)

The author contends that current computer-aided-software engineering (CASE) tools have several inherent limitations that reduce the productivity gains they can achieve. These limitations include methodology constraints, administration difficulties, documentation inadequacies, and graphic-artist requirement. Each of these is examined, and some solutions are offered.
Adventures in Embedded Development
Venue: IEEE Software (1994)

Embedded applications are not easy or unsophisticated: unique problems create situations that cannot always be predicted, and native tools and environments do not transfer well to embedded designs. Embedded-systems developers must remember that the task is the embedded system. Building things like tools, operating systems and protocol stacks almost always costs more than buying commercial products and usually creates unplanned critical paths and development delays. Don't invent what you can buy. An off-the-shelf real-time operating system (RTOS) is one of the best buys you can make. Diligence in project planning and development always pays dividends, especially in embedded systems. Understand how difficult a project is relative to timing demands, and plan accordingly.
Profiles in a strict metamodeling framework
Authors: Colin Atkinson, Thomas Kühne
Venue: Science of Computer Programming (2002)

If the UML is to continue to meet the expectations of its ever-growing user community it is essential that it offer a simple and coherent mechanism for users to tailor the language to their specific needs. However, current UML extension approaches are not only unnecessarily limited in the capabilities that they provide, but also break some of the fundamental tenets of metamodeling in a multi-level framework. In particular, they are all based on the assumption that instantiation, in one form or another, is the only mechanism by which end users can apply predefined model elements in their own applications. In this paper we identify the problems associated with this limitation and explain why inheritance is also important for allowing users to apply predefined model elements. We point out the fundamental differences and relationships between instantiation and inheritance for defining UML profiles and provide guidelines as to which mechanism should be used under which circumstances. We conclude by describing why both mechanisms should be utilized in the definition of UML profiles in the context of strict, linear metamodeling frameworks.
Access to Microdata on the Internet: Web-Based Analysis and Data Subset Extraction Tools
Authors: Kyusuk Chung, Ross Mullner, Duckhye Yang
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2002)

The Internet is increasingly being recognized as an invaluable component of education. At the college and university level, online databases and statistical tools for Web-based analysis and data subset extraction have become important instructional resources. These Internet resources enable students to formulate specific research hypotheses, identify relevant variables, and analyze large existing databases. This article describes three of these resources: the Federal Electronic Research and Review Extraction Tool (FERRET) of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the Survey Documentation and Analysis (SDA) unit at the University of California, Berkley, and the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), which is housed at the University of Michigan.
Generalization by Neural Networks
Authors: S. Shekhar, M. B. Amin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1992)

The authors discuss the requirements of learning for generalization, where the traditional methods based on gradient descent have limited success. A stochastic learning algorithm based on simulated annealing in weight space is presented. The authors verify the convergence properties and feasibility of the algorithm. An implementation of the algorithm and validation experiments are described.
Creating Applications From Components: A Manufacturing Framework Design
Authors: Hans Albrecht Schmid
Venue: IEEE Software (1996)

The manufacturing-application framework described here lets you develop software from components without programming. The framework's design generalizes the class structure which models a fixed domain application through a sequence of transformations.