ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Practice-oriented courses in formal methods using VDM++
Authors: Peter Gorm Larsen, John S. Fitzgerald, Steve Riddle
Venue: Formal Aspects of Computing (2009)

We describe the design and delivery of two courses that aim to develop skills of use to students in their subsequent professional practice, whether or not they apply formal methods directly. Both courses emphasise skills in model construction and analysis by testing rather than formal verification. The accessibility of the formalism is enhanced by the use of established notations (VDM-SL and VDM++). Motivation is improved by using credible examples drawn from industrial projects, and by using an industrial-strength tool set. We present examples from the courses and discuss student evaluation and examination performance. We stress the need for exercises and tests to support the development of abstraction skills.
Deformation of elastic particles in viscous shear flow
Authors: Tong Gao, Howard H. Hu
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2009)

In this paper, the dynamics of two dimensional elastic particles in a Newtonian viscous shear flow is studied numerically. To describe the elastic deformation, an evolution equation for the Eulerian Almansi strain tensor is derived. A constitutive equation is thus constructed for an incompressible ''Neo-Hookean'' elastic solid where the extra stress tensor is assumed to be linearly proportional to the Almansi strain tensor. The displacement field does not appear in this formulation. A monolithic finite element solver which uses Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian moving mesh technique is then implemented to solve the velocity, pressure and stress in both fluid and solid phase simultaneously. It is found that the deformation of the particle in the shear flow is governed by two non-dimensional parameters: Reynolds number (Re) and Capillary number (Ca, which is defined as the ratio of the viscous force to the elastic force). In the Stokes flow regime and when Ca is small (Ca
Note: A simple algorithm for multicuts in planar graphs with outer terminals
Authors: Cédric Bentz
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2009)

Given an edge-weighted graph G and a list of source-sink pairs of terminal vertices of G, the minimum multicut problem consists in selecting a minimum weight set of edges of G whose removal leaves no path from the ith source to the ith sink, for each i. Few tractable special cases are known for this problem. In this paper, we give a simple polynomial-time algorithm solving it in undirected planar graphs where (I) all the terminals lie on the outer face and (II) there is a bounded number of terminals.
Three Way Challenge-Response Authentication in Smart Card Using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem
Authors: Khaing Khaing Thinn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

In this paper presents an authentication protocol for challenge-response exchange in smart card. Cryptographic authentication is necessary to protect branded goods from forgery. Existing protocols do not include cryptographic authentication mechanisms.Therefore, a new approach for authentication is proposed in this paper. Because of the limited computing power, low die- size and low- power requirements, a three way challenge-response authentication scheme is used between the devices and the smart card. The goal of this paper is to create authentication data between card and device using encryption algorithms key pair and pseudo-random number generation including the analysis of properties of common pseudorandom number generators. Furthermore, cryptographic applications heavily rely on pseudorandom number generator to generate secrets such as session keys, passwords and key pairs. ECC algorithms are developed using visual C++ environment to obtain data transmission more secure and efficient.
Next generation CATV networks with QoS guarantees
Authors: Yu-Chang Chen
Venue: Computer Communications (2009)

This paper is a research mainly on how to build a high efficiency cable network; we will discuss the ''Advanced IEEE 802.14 up'' stream channel access mode along with the Collision Resolution Protocol, and then bring up a series of brand-new solutions of better efficiency, which are ''Conditional Blocking Ternary Tree (CBTT) Algorithm'', ''Probability P-persistence Transmission Rule'', and ''Virtual Contention Algorithm''. Furthermore, it will introduce a Multi-Priority mode to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) for the multimedia transmission. We will utilize these techniques to improve the existing inefficiency of the cable network transmission, which greatly enhances the bandwidth utilization of cable network, and relatively drops the cost and improves economic value. In the end, this paper will show the simulation results using the NIST ATM/HFC Network Simulator to prove the high efficiency obtained from using the techniques (Advanced IEEE 802.14) proposed in this paper.
Improving fault-tolerant scheme for a time-sensitive autonomous local wireless sensor network
Authors: Hui-Ching Hsieh, Jenq-Shiou Leu, Yen-Chiu Chen, Wei-Kuan Shih
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems (2008)

Wireless sensor networks have been widely applied to many fields including industry, science and environment monitoring. A typical wireless sensor network comprises distributed sensors and a sink. The sink gathers and analyzes the data from distributed sensors and then takes the corresponding action accordingly. Such an architecture is vulnerable to a single-point of failure problem. In addition, when sensors do not have a direct link with the sink, they must deliver data by hopping through other sensors. The sink may take a longer time to collect data. Furthermore, some faulty sensors may cause an incorrect result. To overcome the single-point of failure problem and the unexpected sensor faultiness in a traditional wireless sensor network, we propose a consensus problem algorithm which is applied to an autonomous local wireless sensor network without a centralized sink. Since there is no need to send the detected value from distributed sensors to a central sink, our scheme can conduct a quick and direct action taking. Additionally, distributed computing in such an autonomous local wireless sensor network can endure limited faulty sensors and environment interference.
An idea of formalizing web page information architecture
Authors: Kishimoto Yorinori
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied computer scince (2008)

For analyzing performance of Web site, a point of view of the information architecture has been proposed. [1] It considers from the structural side in information elements composing Web site, and this idea derives information structure of a high usefulness for a user of Web site. However, it is required that experience of many Web designs and interface designs because this idea includes a difficult concept to use it in a Web design work. In addition, it is difficult to use this idea in a practical field, because to express clearly the Web information architecture is few. This paper proposed a formalization method of Web page's information architecture by regular expression for checking its structure. This method classifies structure elements of a Web page in attributes on the basis of the Web information architecture, and its expressed by two types of equations on the basis of the F-Shaped reading pattern. This method can verify structure of the information architecture of a Web page. As a result, this method was able to analyze to structure elements of lack point and a redundant point in Web page information architecture.
Edge-avoiding wavelets and their applications
Authors: Raanan Fattal
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers (2009)

We propose a new family of second-generation wavelets constructed using a robust data-prediction lifting scheme. The support of these new wavelets is constructed based on the edge content of the image and avoids having pixels from both sides of an edge. Multi-resolution analysis, based on these new edge-avoiding wavelets, shows a better decorrelation of the data compared to common linear translation-invariant multi-resolution analyses. The reduced inter-scale correlation allows us to avoid halo artifacts in band-independent multi-scale processing without taking any special precautions. We thus achieve nonlinear data-dependent multi-scale edge-preserving image filtering and processing at computation times which are linear in the number of image pixels. The new wavelets encode, in their shape, the smoothness information of the image at every scale. We use this to derive a new edge-aware interpolation scheme that achieves results, previously computed by solving an inhomogeneous Laplace equation, through an explicit computation. We thus avoid the difficulties in solving large and poorly-conditioned systems of equations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new wavelet basis for various computational photography applications such as multi-scale dynamic-range compression, edge-preserving smoothing and detail enhancement, and image colorization.
Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design
Authors: Alessandro Cimatti, Robert B. Jones
Venue: Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design (2008)

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD), held in Portland, Oregon, USA, November 17-20, 2008. FMCAD 2008 is the eighth in a series of conferences on the theory and applications of formal methods in hardware and system verification. FMCAD provides a leading forum to present and discussing ground-breaking methods, technologies, theoretical results, and tools for reasoning formally about computing systems. We are pleased to see wide spectrum of participation in the conference and in the organization of the conference. Participants include researchers and practitioners from academia, EDA vendors, and hardware and software companies. FMCAD 2008 received 61 regular paper submissions and 9 short paper submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least four members of the Program Committee. The Program Committee accepted 24 regular papers and 4 short papers.
Pandora: An SMS-oriented m-informational system for educational realms
Authors: Lambros Boukas, Georgios Kambourakis, Stefanos Gritzalis
Venue: Journal of Network and Computer Applications (2009)

e-Informational systems based on the Internet infrastructure and services like e-mail, WWW, etc., are a de-facto option for various educational realms, in order to enhance the quality and diversity of services offered to their educators and students. On the other hand, despite the fact that pure mobile services like short message service (SMS) or multimedia message service (MMS) have managed to highly penetrate the wireless market to a great degree and gain users' wide acceptance, are rarely employed to support or offer informational services in the context of education. In this paper, we describe in detail a fully functional SMS-oriented mobile-informational (m-informational) system named Pandora that was designed and developed from the onset to specifically support a plethora of services obtainable mainly by the students of our university. The analysis and our contribution are two-fold starting from the theoretical background and continuing to the technical part of the Pandora system. We present and discuss several issues, including the different services that Pandora supports, system architecture, Pandora's box, core, Web services, security, etc. We demonstrate that the proposed system is practical to implement, flexible, effective, secure, affordable and above all scalable and potentially extensible.
A robust unified approach to analyzing methylation and gene expression data
Authors: Abbas Khalili, Tim Huang, Shili Lin
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2009)

Microarray technology has made it possible to investigate expression levels, and more recently methylation signatures, of thousands of genes simultaneously, in a biological sample. Since more and more data from different biological systems or technological platforms are being generated at an incredible rate, there is an increasing need to develop statistical methods that are applicable to multiple data types and platforms. Motivated by such a need, a flexible finite mixture model that is applicable to methylation, gene expression, and potentially data from other biological systems, is proposed. Two major thrusts of this approach are to allow for a variable number of components in the mixture to capture non-biological variation and small biases, and to use a robust procedure for parameter estimation and probe classification. The method was applied to the analysis of methylation signatures of three breast cancer cell lines. It was also tested on three sets of expression microarray data to study its power and type I error rates. Comparison with a number of existing methods in the literature yielded very encouraging results; lower type I error rates and comparable/better power were achieved based on the limited study. Furthermore, the method also leads to more biologically interpretable results for the three breast cancer cell lines.
Using a summer camp to attract computer science majors
Authors: Phyllis Tedford, Scott A. King
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2009)

Many different approaches have been tried in an effort to increase enrollment in computer science (CS) programs. This paper describes one approach taken at Texas A&M University -- Corpus Christi during the summer of 2008. A week-long camp, funded by the State of Texas, was held for 32 incoming college freshmen. The camp provided five and a half days of intensive sessions that introduced participants to critical thinking, computer science, and engineering technology. While long-term results will take several years to emerge, initial responses by the students have been encouraging.
Reducing interconnect delay uncertainty via hybrid polarity repeater insertion
Authors: Charbel J. Akl, Magdy A. Bayoumi
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2008)

Capacitive crosstalk between adjacent signal wires has significant effect on performance and delay uncertainty of point-to-point on-chip buses in deep submicrometer (DSM) VLSI technologies. We propose a hybrid polarity repeater insertion technique that combines inverting and non-inverting repeater insertion to achieve constant average effective coupling capacitance per wire transition for all possible switching patterns. Theoretical analysis shows the superiority of the proposed method in terms of performance and delay uncertainty compared to conventional and staggered repeater insertion methods. Simulations at the 90-nm node on semi-global METAL5 layer show around 25% reduction in worst case delay and around 86% delay uncertainty minimization compared to standard bus with optimal repeater configuration. The reduction in worst case capacitive coupling reduces peak energy which is a critical factor for thermal regulation and packaging. Isodelay comparisons with standard bus show that the proposed technique achieves considerable reduction in total buffers area, which in turn reduces average energy and peak current. Comparisons with staggered repeater which is one of the simplest and most effective crosstalk reduction techniques in the literature show that hybrid polarity repeater offers higher performance, less delay uncertainty, and reduced sensitivity to repeater placement variation.
Designing digital games for rural children: a study of traditional village games in India
Authors: Matthew Kam, Akhil Mathur, Anuj Kumar, John Canny
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

Low educational levels hinder economic empowerment in developing countries. We make the case that educational games can impact children in the developing world. We report on exploratory studies with three communities in North and South India to show some problems with digital games that fail to match rural children's understanding of games, to highlight that there is much for us to learn about designing games that are culturally meaningful to them. We describe 28 traditional village games that they play, based on our contextual interviews. We analyze the mechanics in these games and compare these mechanics against existing videogames to show what makes traditional games unique. Our analysis has helped us to interpret the playability issues that we observed in our exploratory studies, and informed the design of a new videogame that rural children found to be more intuitive and engaging.
Time geography rediscovered: a common language for location-oriented services
Authors: Eric-Oluf Svee, Pedro Sanches, Markus Bylund
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Location and the Web (2009)

We propose that the concepts of Time Geography be evaluated as a framework for use within location-oriented services. Originally conceived as a system to describe patterns in human migration, Time Geography is ideally suited for providing the common language and concepts necessary for dialogue within this evolving area. Location-oriented services have been the focus of a great deal of attention, but with research occurring in many disparate disciplines, the lack of a common model that can conceptualize these ideas has not received appropriate attention. To demonstrate its applicability within location-oriented services, we present a research activity which makes explicit use of concepts from Time Geography, with the hope that it can be seen as a tractable and practical solution for several difficulties facing this fast growing area of interest.
Generalising Constraint Solving over Finite Domains
Authors: Markus Triska
Venue: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Logic Programming (2008)

Finite domain constraint solvers are typically applied to problems with only quite small values. This is the case in many tasks for which constraint-based approaches are well suited. A well-known benchmark library for constraints, CSPLib ([1]), consists almost exclusively of such examples.On the other hand, the need for arbitrary precision integer arithmetic is widely recognised, and many common Prolog systems provide transparent built-in support for arbitrarily large integers.
A Metadata Based Framework for Extracting and Using Web Sites Structures
Authors: Olivier Liechti, Mark Sifer, Tadao Ichikawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

The deployment of metadata on the World Wide Web is probably one of the most important steps in its evolution. Its widespread use will foster applications such as efficient information retrieval and filtering, trust management and support for agents. Following this trend, the Structured Graph Format (SGF) supports the description of Web sites structures in a machine understandable way. We describe a framework built around SGF, which illustrates both the use and efficient generation of metadata. The format, two SGF applications and three methods for generating SGF are presented.
Mnemonical Body Shortcuts for Interacting with Mobile Devices
Authors: Tiago Guerreiro, Ricardo Gamboa, Joaquim Jorge
Venue: Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation: 7th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2007, Lisbon, Portugal, May 23-25, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Mobile devices' user interfaces have some similarities with the traditional interfaces offered by desktop computers, which are highly problematic when used in mobile contexts. Gesture recognition in mobile interaction appears as an important area to provide suitable on-the-move usability. We present a body space based approach to improve mobile device interaction and on the move performance. The human body is presented as a rich repository of meaningful relations which are always available to interact with. Body-based gestures allow the user to naturally interact with mobile devices with no movement limitations. Preliminary studies using RFID technology were performed, validating the mnemonical body shortcuts concept as a new mobile interaction mechanism. Finally, inertial sensing prototypes were developed and evaluated, proving to be suitable for mobile interaction and efficient, accomplishing a good recognition rate.
HVPN: The Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Pose Normalization for Face Recognition
Authors: Hui-Zhen Gu, Yung-Wei Kao, Suh-Yin Lee, Shyan-Ming Yuan
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Multimedia Modeling Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling (2009)

Face recognition has received much attention with numerous applications in various fields. Although many face recognition algorithms have been proposed, usually they are not highly accurate enough when the poses of faces vary considerably. In order to solve this problem, some researches have proposed pose normalization algorithm to eliminate the negative effect cause by poses. However, only horizontal normalization has been considered in these researches. In this paper, the HVPN (Horizontal and Vertical Pose Normalization) system is proposed to accommodate the pose problem effectively. A pose invariant reference model is re-rendered after the horizontal and vertical pose normalization sequentially. The proposed face recognition system is evaluated based on the face database constructed by our self. The experimental results demonstrate that pose normalization can improve the recognition performance using conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) approaches under varying pose. Moreover, we show that the combination of horizontal and vertical pose normalization can be evaluated with higher performance than mere the horizontal pose normalization.
Toward improved review of software designs
Authors: Peter Freeman
Venue: Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and exposition (1975)

A good deal of effort has been invested in recent years to improve both the form of programs and the processes used to create them. As the payoffs from this work become apparent and more widespread, attention is turning to the form of designs and the processes used to create them.
Knowledge management and environmental decision support systems
Authors: Nadia M. S. Baeshen
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Computers (2008)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) researches have begun to use AI techniques and methodologies for developing Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) for different domains and technologies. Expert systems are considered one of the well know techniques for knowledge management and can be aid in solving problems in specific domain. Case-based reasoning has been successfully used for managing knowledge of implicit time. Data mining is a new methodology for searching and discover hidden pattern in very huge data bases. On the other hand, an effective protection of our environment is largely dependent on the quality of the available information used to make an appropriate decision. Recently, a new discipline called Environmental Informatics integrates environmental science with computer science is emerging. This paper discusses the role of AI technologies; namely, expert systems and data mining, in environmental KMS.
Fingerprint singular point detection algorithm by Poincaré index
Authors: Jin Bo, Tang Hua Ping, Xu Ming Lan
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS (2008)

Fingerprint indexing is an efficient technique that greatly improves the performance of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems. We propose a continuous fingerprint indexing method based on location, direction estimation and correlation of fingerprint singular points. There have been many approaches introduced in the design of feature extraction. Based on orientation field, Firstly, we divide it into blocks to compute the Poincaré Index. Then, the blocks which may have singularities are detected in the block images. Experiment show the present algorithm is robust than the traditional method on poor quality images.