ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Two Visual Motion Processing Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia Associated with Different Reading Skills Deficits
Authors: Jeremy B. Wilmer, Alexandra J. Richardson, Yue Chen, John F. Stein
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Developmental dyslexia is associated with deficits in the processing of visual motion stimuli, and some evidence suggests that these motion processing deficits are related to various reading subskills deficits. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying such associations. This study lays a richer groundwork for exploration of such mechanisms by more comprehensively and rigorously characterizing the relationship between motion processing deficits and reading subskills deficits. Thirty-six adult participants, 19 of whom had a history of developmental dyslexia, completed a battery of visual, cognitive, and reading tests. This battery combined motion processing and reading subskills measures used across previous studies and added carefully matched visual processing control tasks. Results suggest that there are in fact two distinct motion processing deficits in developmental dyslexia, rather than one as assumed by previous research, and that each of these deficits is associated with a different type of reading subskills deficit. A deficit in detecting coherent motion is selectively associated with low accuracy on reading subskills tests, and a deficit in discriminating velocities is selectively associated with slow performance on these same tests. In addition, evidence from visual processing control tasks as well as self-reports of ADHD symptoms suggests that these motion processing deficits are specific to the domain of visual motion, and result neither from a broader visual deficit, nor from the sort of generalized attention deficit commonly comorbid with developmental dyslexia. Finally, dissociation between these two motion processing deficits suggests that they may have distinct neural and functional underpinnings. The two distinct patterns of motion processing and reading deficits demonstrated by this study may reflect separable underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of developmental dyslexia.
Multivariate Relational Visualization of Complex Clinical Datasets in a Critical Care Setting: A Data Visualization Interactive Prototype
Authors: Anthony Faiola, Simon Hillier
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

One mission of medical informatics is to provide physicians, nurses, and other health care providers with the technology and tools for interpreting large and diverse data sets, so that appropriate critical care decisions can be facilitated. Ideally, medical data visualization provides the means to transform data into information and contextual knowledge suitable for interpretation and decision-making [31, 9]. The authors propose a model through which data is organized into multivariate multidimensional critical care patient data visualizations (CPDV). It does this as the primary means to represent and manage complex contextbased patient data at various user-defined temporal resolutions. Furthermore, user-defined spatial organization of multiple (clinically related) datasets allows rapid visualization of significant trends that are related to several co-variables. Currently, anticipated findings from usability testing support the notion that the proposed model will facilitate medical decision making in a critical care environment.
A hybrid allocator
Authors: Y. Hasan, J. Morris Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2003)

Dynamic memory management can make up to 30% of total program execution time. Object oriented languages like C++ allocate and free dynamic memory prolifically. Since computer memory is a limited resource its efficient utilization is required to minimize wastage and keep costs down. Memory management algorithms such as best fit seem to perform most efficiently in terms of space cost while simple segregated storage seems to minimize the time cost. There is a trade-off between time and space costs. We have developed a new general purpose hybrid algorithm that shows excellent performance with respect to both time and space in comparison to the Doug Lea version 2.7.0 dynamic memory allocator.
Using teacher narrative to understand teachers' uses of curriculum materials
Authors: Corey Drake
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

In this paper, teachers' mathematics stories---narratives of their prior and current experiences with mathematics---are used to identify and understand patterns in teachers' uses of curriculum materials. In particular, interview and observation data from twenty urban elementary teachers piloting a reform-oriented curriculum are used to link patterns in teachers' mathematics stories to patterns in teachers' curriculum interactions and enactments. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the design of curriculum materials as vehicles for the large-scale implementation of mathematics education reform.
Cognitive effects of chess instruction on students at risk for academic failure
Authors: Saahoon Hong, William M. Bart
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

This study examined the cognitive effects of chess instruction on thirty-eight students at risk for academic failure. The analysis found no significant differences between the cognitive changes registered by the treatment group and the control group. However, for the chess group, participant chess rating was significantly correlated with TONI-3 scores. The findings indicated that student acquisition of high chess ratings contributes to the improvement of cognitive skills rather than student mere exposure to chess.
Detecting evasion attacks at high speeds without reassembly
Authors: George Varghese, J. Andrew Fingerhut, Flavio Bonomi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications (2006)

Ptacek and Newsham [14] showed how to evade signature detection at Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) using TCP and IP Fragmentation. These attacks are implemented in tools like FragRoute, and are institutionalized in IPS product tests. The classic defense is for the IPS to reassemble TCP and IP packets,and to consistently normalize the output stream. Current IPS standards require keeping state for 1 million connections. Both the state and processing requirements of reassembly and normalization are barriers to scalability for an IPS at speeds higher than 10 Gbps.In this paper, we suggest breaking with this paradigm using an approach we call Split-Detect. We focus on the simplest form of signature, an exact string match, and start by splitting the signature into pieces. By doing so the attacker is either forced to include at least one piece completely in a packet, or to display potentially abnormal behavior (e.g., several small TCP fragments or out-of-order packets) that cause the attacker's flow to be diverted to a slow path. We prove that under certain assumptions this scheme can detect all byte-string evasions. We also show using real traces that the processing and storage requirements of this scheme can be 10% of that required by a conventional IPS, allowing reasonable cost implementations at 20 Gbps. While the changes required by Split-Detect may be a barrier to adoption, this paper exposes the assumptions that must be changed to avoid normalization and reassembly in the fast path.
Haptic-Enabled Multimodal Interface for the Planning of Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Nikolaos G. Tsagarakis, John O. Gray, Darwin G. Caldwell, Cinzia Zannoni, Marco Petrone, Debora Testi, Marco Viceconti
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

The authors apply a multimodal interface for preoperative planning of hip arthroplasty with a userinterface that integrates immersive stereo displays and haptic modalities. This article overviews thismultimodal application framework and discusses the benefits of incorporating this haptic modality in thisarea.
Towards emergence of communication: a cognitive developmental robotics approach
Authors: Minoru Asada
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

This paper presents an introduction of the JST ERATO Asada Synergistic Intelligence Project (hereafter, SI) and its preliminary studies on emergence of communication. The project aims at building cognitive developmental artificial agents (humanoids), understanding natural agents (humans), and their mutual feedbacks. The project consists of four groups: (1) Physio-SI: whole body dynamic motions such as walking, running, and jumping, (2) Perso-SI: cognitive developmental robotics including body image, imitation, and language communication, (3) Socio-SI: emergence of communication and society by androids, and (4) SI-mechanism: neuroscientific supports for Physio, Perso, and Socio-SIs. As a preliminary study, vowel acquisition based on visual and auditory mutual imitation is given. It aims at modelling mother-infant interaction in vowel acquisition based on the findings in infant studies, such as lip shape imitation and bias from mother's vocalization onto the infant auditory perception.
An analysis of diversity measures
Authors: E. K. Tang, P. N. Suganthan, X. Yao
Venue: Machine Learning (2006)

Diversity among the base classifiers is deemed to be important when constructing a classifier ensemble. Numerous algorithms have been proposed to construct a good classifier ensemble by seeking both the accuracy of the base classifiers and the diversity among them. However, there is no generally accepted definition of diversity, and measuring the diversity explicitly is very difficult. Although researchers have designed several experimental studies to compare different diversity measures, usually confusing results were observed. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis on six existing diversity measures (namely disagreement measure, double fault measure, KW variance, inter-rater agreement, generalized diversity and measure of difficulty), show underlying relationships between them, and relate them to the concept of margin, which is more explicitly related to the success of ensemble learning algorithms. We illustrate why confusing experimental results were observed and show that the discussed diversity measures are naturally ineffective. Our analysis provides a deeper understanding of the concept of diversity, and hence can help design better ensemble learning algorithms.
Image Texture Segmentation with Ant Colony Systems
Authors: Mei-Shin Lai, Hsiang-Cheh Huang, Shu-Chuan Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

A new scheme for texture segmentation based on Ant Colony Systems (ACS) is proposed in this paper. Texture segmentation is one of the important branches in image pattern recognition, which provides usefulness in many applications. Until now, how to find an effective way for accomplishing texture segmentation in practical applications is still a major task. In this paper, we employ wavelet coefficients and characteristics of different subbands to serve as the basis of characteristic vectors, and we use three feature-extraction elements, namely, the extrema, entropy, and energy, to compose the characteristic vector. To alleviate segmentation fragments caused from the information in high frequency bands of texture images, we integrate the fourth element, the mean variance, into the characteristic vector. Finally, we use ACS to find a trade-off between texture segmentation and fragments. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed algorithm.
Using Neural Networks to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a new Seismic Fault Attribute
Authors: Marcos Machado, Marley Vellasco, Pedro Mario Silva, Marcelo Gattass
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks (2006)

Reflection seismology is the most commonly used method to obtain a picture of the earth interior. For the oil industry, the final goal of the seismic interpretation is the identification of possible hydrocarbon reservoirs. The detection of geological faults is a basic step in this process. Many attributes derived from the seismic data have been proposed as fault identifiers. Despite the great computational cost of most attributes, no attribute alone is able to solve the automatic fault detection problem. A robust approach to improve the quality of the detection is the so-called meta-attributes. It consists in a non-linear combination of a number of attributes with the use of a supervised neural network. This work proposes a new attribute with low computation cost. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, two meta-attributes are built with the Multi-layer Perceptron network method: one with the network trained with just a traditional attribute and another which also includes the new one. Their training and classification performances are compared.
Performance of CDMA mobile communication systems using antenna arrays
Authors: B. Suard, A. F. Naguib, G. Xu, A. Paulraj
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The use antenna arrays in cellular code division multiple access mobile communications is studied. Techniques to localize each mobile within the cell and to generate tracking adaptive receive (and transmit) beams are addressed. The authors show that such enhancement of the CDMA system results in increased system capacity and improved robustness to power control errors. Preliminary simulation results are presented for capacity and robustness improvements for typical scenarios.
Visualizing the scientific world and its evolution: Research Articles
Authors: I. Samoylenko, T.-C. Chao, W.-C. Liu, C.-M. Chen
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2006)

We propose an approach to visualizing the scientific world and its evolution by constructing minimum spanning trees (MSTs) and a two-dimensional map of scientific journals using the database of the Science Citation Index (SCI) during 1994&ndash;2001. The structures of constructed MSTs are consistent with the sorting of SCI categories. The map of science is constructed based on our MST results. Such a map shows the relation among various knowledge clusters and their citation properties. The temporal evolution of the scientific world can also be delineated in the map. In particular, this map clearly shows a linear structure of the scientific world, which contains three major domains including physical sciences, life sciences, and medical sciences. The interaction of various knowledge fields can be clearly seen from this scientific world map. This approach can be applied to various levels of knowledge domains. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reusable Cost-Based Scheduling of Grid Workflows Operating on Higher-Order Components
Authors: C. L. Dumitrescu, D. H. J. Epema, J. Dunnweber, S. Gorlatch
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Grid applications are increasingly being developed as workflows built of well-structured, reusable components. We develop a user-transparent scheduling approach for Higher-Order Components (HOCs) . parallel implementations of typical programming patterns, accessible and customizable via Web services. We introduce a set of cost functions for a reusable scheduling: when the workflow recurs, it is mapped to the same execution nodes, avoiding the need for a repeated scheduling phase. We prove the efficiency of our scheduling by implementing it within the KOALA scheduler and comparing it with KOALA's standard Closeto- File policy. Experiments on scheduling HOC-based applications achieve a 40% speedup in communication and a 100% throughput increase.
Superposition Based on Watson&#x2013;Crick-Like Complementarity
Authors: Paolo Bottoni, Anna Labella, Vincenzo Manca, Victor Mitrana
Venue: Theory of Computing Systems (2006)

In this paper we propose a new formal operation on words and languages, called superposition. By this operation, based on a Watson&#x2013;Crick-like complementarity, we can generate a set of words, starting from a pair of words, in which the contribution of a word to the result need not be one subword only, as happens in classical bio-operations of DNA computing. Specifically, starting from two single stranded molecules x and y such that a suffix of x is complementary to a prefix of y, a prefix of x is complementary to a suffix of y, or x is complementary to a subword of y, a new word z, which is a prolongation of x to the right, to the left, or to both, respectively, is obtained by annealing. If y is complementary to a subword of x, then the result is x. This operation is considered here as an abstract operation on formal languages. We relate it to other operations in formal language theory and we settle the closure properties under this operation of classes in the Chomsky hierarchy. We obtain a useful result by showing that unrestricted iteration of the superposition operation, where the "parents" in a subsequent iteration can be any words produced during any preceding iteration step, is equivalent to restricted iteration, where at each step one parent must be a word from the initial language. This result is used for establishing the closure properties of classes in the Chomsky hierarchy under iterated superposition. Actually, since the results are formulated in terms of AFL theory, they are applicable to more classes of languages. Then we discuss "adult" languages, languages consisting of words that cannot be extended by further superposition, and show that this notion might bring us to the border of recursive languages. Finally, we consider some operations involved in classical DNA algorithms, such as Adleman's, which might be expressed through iterated superposition.
A 12-year Analysis of Malmquist Total Factor Productivity in Dialysis Facilities
Authors: Nick Kontodimopoulos, Dimitris Niakas
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2006)

This study examined total factor productivity of dialysis facilities in Greece over a 12-year period, using nationally representative panel data. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to compute Malmquist productivity indices, which were decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological change. The sample consisted of 73 dialysis facilities operating throughout the entire study period (1993---2004), corresponding to 97.3% and 58.9% of all facilities in the first and last study years respectively. Production variables were nursing staff and dialysis machines (inputs) and dialysis sessions (output). The DEA model was input-oriented allowing for constant returns to scale (CRS). Technical efficiency change was decomposed into scale efficiency change and variable returns to scale (VRS) "pure" technical efficiency change. Mean overall efficiency, throughout the study years, ranged from 39.6 to 63.1% with an all-time average of 56.7%, and only 2---4% of the facilities were fully efficient in each study year. Productivity indices indicated year-by-year progress or regress up to 5%, but the efficiency and technological components differed, in some cases, by as much as 30%. Although interesting subperiod effects were observed, conclusions could not be generalized for the entire study period due to alternating trends. We suggest that preliminary insight to productivity in this sector has been obtained, but particular subperiods must be isolated and further investigated.
A software infrastructure for supporting spontaneous and personalized interaction in home computing environments
Authors: Tatsuo Nakajima, Ichiro Satoh
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (2006)

Our daily lives are expected to change dramatically due to the popularity of ubiquitous computing technologies. These will make it possible to integrate various aspects of our lives. However, a new approach is required to seamlessly deal with devices embedded in our environments. Future embedded systems will embody a new approach that will take into account a variety of new issues, for example, spontaneous interaction, personalization, privacy protection, and interoperability. In this paper, we propose a personal home server that will make it possible to coordinate home appliances. Since everyone will have a different personal home server, it will allow us to personalize how the appliances are used according to individual preferences. Our personal home server can seamlessly discover and configure appliances at any locations, such as at railroad stations, cars, and streets as well as houses. We also discuss its design and implementation and present its current status.
Specification and performance evaluation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems using a Bounded True Concurrent Process Algebra
Authors: M. Carmen Ruiz, Diego Cazorla, Fernando Cuartero, J. Jose Pardo
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

This paper deals with the specification and analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). We use a timed process algebra called BTC (for Bounded True Concurrency) that we have developed from CSP and which takes into account that the available resources in a system have to be shared by all the processes. It is able to consider heterogeneous resources of any type (preemptable and nonpreemptable) which makes it suitable for specifying FMS. We show by means of an example that the specifications obtained suit the real systems quite well, are straightforward and deadlock-free. Due to the great interest (and need) in obtaining shorter manufacturing lead times, we also carry out a performance evaluation using an algorithm which allows us to estimate the time required to evolve between states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to do this with process algebras, and we think that it is a good way to be able to split up the system into subsystems, which will be easily analyzed without the deadlock problems that researchers in Petri Nets have encountered.
An optimal window length for the PWVD with application to passive acoustic parameter estimation
Authors: D. C. Reid, J. C. Ralston
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

This paper considers the derivation of an optimal window length for the fourth-order polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD/sub 4/), for the purpose of instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation. The optimal window length represents a compromise between the estimator IF error and statistical consistency. The criterion of optimality that we employ is the minimum mean square IF estimation error. The PWVD/sub 4/ optimal window length theory is then applied to the problem of estimating the time-varying acoustic IF of an over-flying aircraft. In the high SNR case, the windowed PWVD/sub 4/ is seen to provide a more accurate IF estimate than those given by the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) and the short-time Fourier transform (STFT).