ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Encryption-based protection for interactive user/computer communication
Authors: Stephen Thomas Kent
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth symposium on Data communications (1977)

This paper develops a virtual connection model, complete with intruder, for interactive terminal-host communication and presents a set of protection goals that characterize the security that can be provided for a physically unsecured connection. Fundamental requirements for protocols that achieve these goals and the role of encryption in the design of such protocols are examined. Functional and security constraints on positioning of protection protocols in a communication system and the impact of positioning on the design of secure operating systems are discussed.
STAFAN: An alternative to fault simulation
Authors: Sunil K. Jain, Vishwani D. Agrawal
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

STAtistical Fault ANalysis (STAFAN) is proposed as an alternative to fault simulation of digital circuits. In this analysis, controllabilities and observabilities of circuit nodes are defined as probabilities which are estimated from signal statistics obtained from fault-free simulation. Special procedures are developed for dealing with these quantities at fanout nodes and at feedback nodes. The computed probabilities are used to derive unbiased estimates of fault detection probabilities and overall fault coverage for the given set of input vectors. Fault coverage and the undetected fault data obtained from STAFAN for actual circuits are shown to agree favorably with the fault simulator results. The computational complexity added to a fault-free simulator by STAFAN grows only linearly with the number of circuit nodes.
Hardware implementation of communication protocols: A formal approach
Authors: Miguel García Hoffmann
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

This paper presents a formal method that permits the development of verified specifications and implementation of communication protocols. A non-executable high level language is introduced for specification purposes. This language permits the concise and unambiguous specification of those characteristics which are normally needed to be modeled in the design of protocols. A simple algorithm for verifying the protocol specifications is indicated. Then it is shown how the verified specifications can be transformed into another descriptive model, a processing machine which is more directly related to hardware implementation. The processing machine description resulting from this model simplifies the last stage of protocol design, that of the realization.
Three paradigms for developing information systems
Authors: Bruce I. Blum
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

This paper examines three paradigms for information system development. Development here is defined to include all activities associated with the implementation of an information system from initial requirements analysis through operational maintenance. That is, the full life cycle. Two of the paradigms reflect common implementation environments. The third suggests an alternate approach.
Software quality &equil; test accuracy &times; test coverage
Authors: M. Ohba
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

The software quality index, SPQL (Software Product Quality Level), is proposed. The index indicates the software quality based on program test results and consists of two subindices: the test accuracy index and the test coverage index. The test accuracy index can be measured by applying the capture-recapture method. Pseudo defects called control defects are seeded prior to the test and their capture ratio is measured as the ratio of the number of detected defects to the estimated number of detectable defects (estimated by applying the software reliability growth model). Two experimental results are presented and the SPQL is compared with both the ordinary capture-recapture method and the software reliability growth prediction based method. The result indicates that the SPQL is practical.
Performance-based evaluation of graphic displays for nuclear power plant control rooms
Authors: Rohn J. Petersen, William W. Banks, David I. Gertman
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

This paper reports several methodologies for evaluating the perceptual and perceptual/decision making aspects of displays used in the control rooms of nuclear power plants. This NRC funded study focuses upon the Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS) and relates the utility of the display to objective performance and preference measures obtained in experimental conditions. The first condition is a traditional laboratory setting where classical experimental methodologies can be employed. The second condition is an interactive control room simulation where the operator's performance is assessed while he/she operates the simulator. The third condition is a rating scale designed to assess operator preferences and opinions regarding a variety of display formats. The goal of this study is the development of a cost-efficient display evaluation methodology which correlates highly with the operators ability to control a plant.
Beyond numbers: Don't ask &ldquo;how many&rdquo; ... ask &ldquo;why&rdquo;
Authors: Elliot Soloway, Kate Ehrlich, John B. Black
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

While programmers may differ in their assessment of the comprehensibility of a program, there are nonetheless some clear cut cases of programs that are truly difficult to understand. In this paper, we analyze three programs&mdash;two of which are relatively incomprehensible&mdash;using Halstead's Volume Metric, Propositional Analysis and Plan Analysis. We argue that only Plan Analysis provides a satisfactory explanation for why the programs in question differ with respect to understandability. Moreover, we suggest that a qualitative analysis, such as provided by Plan Analysis, is the desired type of evaluation: rather than simply providing a numerical ranking for programs, the qualitative analysis can pinpoint the troublesome area in the code and provide prescriptive information for correcting the difficulty.
Introducing minority students to technological careers through computer programming
Authors: David L. Cohn, Robert B. Kolstad
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

This paper describes a program for minority students which is being implemented by the College of Engineering at the University of Notre Dame. The intent of the program is to motivate minority students toward professional careers in engineering, technology and related areas. This is being accomplished by having the students come into contact with interesting elementary engineering problems at an early stage in their secondary education while there is still an opportunity to enroll in courses which will broaden their career choices. The particular tool being used is computer programming which is introduced at the junior high school level. The major expense items of the program include teacher training and the acquisition of equipment; both of which have a useful life of many years. One significant feature of the program is that once its feasibility is demonstrated, it can be easily transferred to other engineering schools.
Experimental strategies for the estimation of optimum operating conditions in simulation studies
Authors: Ernest C. Houck, Belva J. Cooley
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

An integral component of many simulation studies is the experimental strategy used in generating observations on the variables of interest and the statistical analysis of the resulting data. This research focuses on digital simulation experiments where the decision and response variables are continuous. Of particular interest is the application of the statistical and mathematical procedures that constitute response surface methodology (RSM) in a simulation environment. These techniques address two common goals of simulation studies: (1) the estimation of system response and (2) the determination of optimum operating conditions. In a typical RSM study the optimum subregion of the factor space is unknown and the initial objective is its determination. The investigation generally begins in a region remote from the optimum one, and through a series of sequential experiments, proceeds systematically toward the region of optimum response. In the initial experiments, the first-order model can often provide an adequate estimate of the true response and is used to identify subsequent regions for exploration. The use of first-order models in this manner continues until either the model fails to adequately explain the response or the optimum region is tentatively identified. Both situations suggest the presence of curvature in the response surface and, for this reason, a higher order graduating function is employed in the exploration of subsequent subregions. The second-order poly-nomial model is generally the function used at this stage because of its mathematical tractability. Once the optimum region is located, this model serves as a tool for estimating the optimum factor settings and examining the sensitivity of the system.
A methodology for the design of reliable communication networks in distributed processing systems
Authors: Hossein Besharatian
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on Data communications (1983)

The combined problem of the communication network design and resource allocation is studied for Distributed Data Processing (DDP) networks. The reliability measure for a distributed data processing system is used in order to enhance network reliability. A model is proposed to determine an optimal DDP network and to allocate resources that maximize the reliability measure of the network, The model takes into consideration network topology, resource avaliability and channel capacity. It is shown that the model may be represented by a linear programming model.
Corps Support Weapon System C3I Simulator
Authors: Clayton E. Nenno,  Jr., Lionel D. Freeman
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th annual symposium on Simulation (1982)

The Corps Support Weapon System (CWSW) C3I Simulator is a man-in-the-loop functional simulation of the Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) aspects for a proposed Army surface-to-surface missile system. It is an engineering design tool used to develop and evaluate alternative C3I options, to aid in hardware selection and software architecture design, and to demonstrate the ability of a candidate system design to meet unique mission requirements. The time critical and operator intensive C3I nodes are &ldquo;played&rdquo; in the simulator. That is to say, the operators must interact with the software to access the particular set of received messages, react with proper decisions, and generate and send the resulting outgoing messages. The other components of the CSWS (i.e., the launcher and missiles) and the &ldquo;outside world&rdquo; are simulated dynamically by event driven models. The initial version of the Simulator was postulated to reflect current U.S. Army organizational doctrine and the results of previous studies by other contractors. It revealed an unnecessary, time consuming message path, identified three major message flow loops to be processed automatically (i.e., without manual interaction), and validated the desirability of combining the command and control functions performed at two adjacent C3I nodes. The simulator is currently operational at Martin Marietta Aerospace in Orlando, Florida, and at TRW Defense Systems Group in Redondo Beach, California.
A way to separate knowledge from program in structured document analysis: application to optical music recognition
Authors: B. Couasnon, J. Camillerapp
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

Optical Music Recognition is a form of document analysis for which a priori knowledge is particularly important. Musical notation is governed by a substantial set of rules, but current systems fail to use them adequately. In complex scores, existing systems cannot overcome the well-known segmentation problems of document analysis, due mainly to the high density of music information. This paper proposes a new method of recognition which uses a grammar in order to formalize the syntactic rules and represent the context. However, where objects touch, there is a discrepancy between the way the existing knowledge (grammar) will describe an object and the way it is recognized, since touching objects have to be segmented first. Following a description of the grammar, this paper shall go on to propose the use of an operator to modify the way the grammar parses the image so that the system can deal with certain touching objects (e.g. where an accidental touches a notehead).
A study of the utility of associative memory processors
Authors: James A. Dugan, Robert S. Green, Jack Minker, Warren E. Shindle
Venue: Proceedings of the 1966 21st national conference (1966)

During the past few years, considerable attention has been focused on the hardware aspects of both large and small associative memories and associative memory processors (AMP). 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Additionally, very small associative memories have been included in computer systems for specific functions. 11,12 Several investigators 13,14,15 have reported on the effectiveness of AMPs for applications in which the data base was small enough to fit entirely in the associative memory, or in which the data stored in the associative memory changed infrequently. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major findings of a study of associative memory processors added to a general purpose computer (to comprise a hybrid associative processor) in dealing with a data processing application involving a large data base. The study considered alternative AMPs in query processing, file maintenance, and in certain system executive functions. Since the specific results of the study are applicable to only one class of problem, this paper presents the results in such a way as to show the major considerations one will have to deal with in determining whether a hybrid associative processor will prove advantageous for a specific problem.
Graphic display of human motion
Authors: K. D. Willmert
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

Presented is the application of two and three dimensional graphic display models of a human body in studying the motion of a human being as a result of external influences. Included are an occupant during a vehicle crash and a parachutist during the opening of his chute.
Simulation methodology: Statistical aspects
Authors: G. Arthur Mihram
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1983)

The present paper, of a tutorial nature, relates the literature of our simulation methodology since the publication of SIMULATION: STATISTICAL FOUNDATIONS AND METHODOLOGY [Academic Press, 1972 (1970)]. Explained will be the expansion of its Principium of Seeding not only to the Fundamental and the General Principia of Seeding but also to a Third Principium of Seeding. Of course, all three principia relate to the procedure(s) by which we simulationists can ensure that we meet the conditions (e.g., independence, experimental error, blocking) of extant statistical methodology, the conditions by which we may properly design and analyse experiments with a stochastic, computerised, and algorithmic (simulation) model. The paper (tutorial) will extend the current literature of statistical and simulation methodology by calling attention to a new class of pseudo-random number generators.
Formal specification and validation of ISO transport protocol components, using petri nets
Authors: Wolfgang JÜrgensen, Son T. Vuong
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (1984)

In this paper, we provide the Petri net formal specifications of three important components of the ISO transport protocol: timeout mechanism, data transfer phase and connection establishment and release phases. A validation of these component Petri net specifications is then presented, followed by a discussion of its results. The validations we conducted made use of a software tool based on OGIVE [1], which can check a given Petri net for general properties such as boundedness, properness and liveness, and designer defined structural properties using Petri net invariants. We have extended OGIVE to allow for the checking of reception errors and state ambiguities as well.
Designing a commercial performance measurement system
Authors: Gary M. Holtwick
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGOPS workshop on System performance evaluation (1971)

Several years ago, we undertook the task of designing and constructing a software computer measurement system. The initial requirements we made of the system, problems that arose during the development phase when we actually tried to adhere to those requirements, the solutions to these problems, and subsequent use and modification of the completed product form the basis of discussion here.
Lexicon design using perfect hash functions
Authors: Nick Cercone, Max Krause, John Boates
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - II): Human interface and the user interface - Volume 1981 (1981)

The research reported in this paper derives from the recent algorithm of Cichelli (1980) for computing machine-independent, minimal perfect hash functions of the form:hash value: hash key length + associated value of the key's first letter + associated value of the key's last letterA minimal perfect hash function is one which provides single probe retrieval from a minimally-sized table of hash identifiers [ keys]. Cichelli's hash function is machine-independent because the character code used by a particular machine never enters into the hash calculation.Cichelli's algorithm uses a simple backtracking process to find an assignment of non-negative integers to letters which results in a perfect minimal hash function. Cichelli employs a twofold ordering strategy which rearranges the static set of keys in such a way that hash value collisions will occur and be resolved as early as possible during the backtracking process. This double ordering provides a necessary reduction in the size of the potentially large search space, thus considerably speeding the computation of associated values.In spite of Cichelli's ordering strategies, his method is found to require excessive computation to find hash functions for sets of keys with more than about 40 members. Cichelli's method is also limited since two keys with the same first and last letters and the same length are not permitted.Alternative algorithms and their implementations will be discussed in the next section; these algorithms overcome some of the difficulties encountered when using Cichelli's original algorithm. Some experimental results are presented, followed by a discussion of the application of perfect hash functions to the problem of natural language lexicon design.
Practical experience in top-down structured software production in an academic setting
Authors: W. C. Tam, S. N. Busenberg
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

Much has been said about the importance of teaching top-down program design and structured programming in computer programming courses. However, instruction in these concepts has usually been limited to short homework assignments and at most to term projects. This type of experience is very different from the production programming environment encountered in industry, where the problems tackled are generally more complex and on a larger scale. Also, in many cases industrial programs are produced by a programming team under constraints in both time and resources. For students who aspire to a career in the software area, experience in a realistic production programming environment is desirable. Such experience is not provided in the traditional courses and novel ways have to be devised in order to bring it on campus. At Harvey Mudd College, an academic program, called the Mathematics Clinic, has been institured with the aim of providing this type of realistic experience to the student. The Mathematics Clinic brings problems from industry to be studied and solved by small teams of students under faculty supervision. The problems are selected for their educational value, but attention is paid to the feasibility of producing results that are of value to the sponsoring industrial concern. The general organization of the Clinic program has been described by Spanier (1). In the present paper, a production programming project undertaken by the Mathematics Clinic is described with emphasis placed on the mode of instruction and the experience gained by the students.
Executable models in APL to introduce concepts in computer science
Authors: G. Bartoli, L. Bartolo, P. C. Berry, V. N. Spadavecchia
Venue: Proceedings of seventh international conference on APL (1975)

In this paper the Authors have undertaken to demostrate that fairly general principles of computing can be stated, and operational computer models constructed by students, with little or no attention to specifics of hardware, and that in this fashion general principles can be conveyed, and a frame can be built, in which concepts of Computer Science can he organized and structured. These general principles can be introduced by using APL functions that are both readible descriptions and executable models. With this top-down approach detail can be provided when the student is ready for it, as successive levels of the working definitions are discussed.
A position paper on computing and communications
Authors: Jack B. Dennis
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Operating System Principles (1967)

The effective operation of free enterprise in creating the envisioned information service industry is dependent on three accomplishments: 1. The restructuring of our information processing industry to provide a clear separation among costs for computing, communications, and the development of information services. 2. The wide use of multi-access system concepts so that information services may share in the use of computer installations, and so their cost of construction is reasonable. 3. The development of public, message-switched communications services with adaquate provisions for information security.
Combinatorial aspects of automated designs
Authors: Solomon W. Golomb
Venue: Proceedings of the SHARE design automation project (1966)

One of the characteristic problems involved in design is geometric arrangement. Components must be fitted onto a circuit card, or rooms must be fitted together to form a livable house, subject to certain constraints. These arrangement problems appear particularly difficult when viewed from the stand point of the traditional tools of mathematical analysis, analytical geometry, differential calculus, etc. However, there are various combinatorial procedures and algorithms, which are suitable for programming on a computer for dealing with such problems. There are also numerous design problems in which the basic requirements involve connectivity, rather than packing. For example, the elements may be located on the printed circuit card, but the interconnecting wires must be fitted in to make specified contacts, with desired side-constraints involving minimum length, or minimum over crossing, or other economic criteria. The electrical wiring or plumbing conduits for a building involve the same type of considerations.