ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Entity matching across heterogeneous data sources: An approach based on constrained cascade generalization
Authors: Huimin Zhao, Sudha Ram
Venue: Data Knowledge Engineering (2008)

To integrate or link the data stored in heterogeneous data sources, a critical problem is entity matching, i.e., matching records representing semantically corresponding entities in the real world, across the sources. While decision tree techniques have been used to learn entity matching rules, most decision tree learners have an inherent representational bias, that is, they generate univariate trees and restrict the decision boundaries to be axis-orthogonal hyper-planes in the feature space. Cascading other classification methods with decision tree learners can alleviate this bias and potentially increase classification accuracy. In this paper, the authors apply a recently-developed constrained cascade generalization method in entity matching and report on empirical evaluation using real-world data. The evaluation results show that this method outperforms the base classification methods in terms of classification accuracy, especially in the dirtiest case.
Collaborative multi-paradigm exploratory search
Authors: Michal Tvarožek, Mária Bieliková
Venue: Proceedings of the hypertext 2008 workshop on Collaboration and collective intelligence (2008)

New challenges for advanced web search interfaces and visualization tools arise as user needs shift from traditional lookup tasks towards more open ended search activities collectively described as exploratory search. Exploratory search opens new possibilities for employing social aspects for effective information retrieval. We facilitate exploratory search by providing users with an integrated search and navigation interface combining three search paradigms - full text search, view-based (faceted) search and content-based (query-by-example) search. Full text search is used for both domain data and metadata lookup, view-based search allows users to further refine/filter the respective result set, while content-based search orders or biases the results based on their similarity to a given set of sample results.
Dependability Metrics: GI-Dagstuhl Research Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, October 5 - November 1, 2005, Advanced Lectures, 1 edition
Authors: Irene Eusgeld, Felix Freiling, Ralf Reussner
Venue: Lecture Notes In Computer Science (2008)

With the growing ubiquity of computing systems, it is essential that we can rely on the services they deliver. Justifying reliance in computer systems requires scientific techniques to derive evidence from given systems or predict such evidence. This tutorial book gives an overview of the current state of the art in measuring the different aspects of dependability of systems: reliability, security and performance. The main impulse for this dependability metrics project resulted from a research seminar, held at Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, in October/November 2005. The 25 chapters, based on the outcome of the research seminar, are organized in five parts on foundations, reliability metrics, security metrics, performance metrics, and overlapping metrics. The final part shows that only a combined consideration of important dependability attributes will lead to the design objective: the development of systems we can really trust.
Human-Centred Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (HCI&#178;): how far are we from attaining it?
Authors: Maja Pantic, Anton Nijholt, Alex Pentland, Thomas S. Huanag
Venue: International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems (2008)

A widely accepted prediction is that computing will move to the background, weaving itself into the fabric of our everyday living spaces and projecting the human user into the foreground. To realise this prediction, next-generation computing should develop anticipatory user interfaces that are human-centred, built for humans and based on naturally occurring multimodal human communication. These interfaces should transcend the traditional keyboard and mouse and have the capacity to understand and emulate human communicative intentions as expressed through behavioural cues, such as affective and social signals. This article discusses how far we are to the goal of human-centred computing and Human-Centred Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction (HCI2) that can understand and respond to multimodal human communication.
Extracting clinical trial design information from MEDLINE abstracts
Authors: Kazuo Hara, Yuji Matsumoto
Venue: New Generation Computing (2007)

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires medical practitioners to select appropriate treatments for individual patients based on the current best evidence, and the results of phase III clinical trials are the major source of such evidence. In this paper, we report results of experiment in extracting important information for EBM from the abstracts of phase III clinical trials, in an effort to investigate how far the existing natural language processing (NLP) techniques could support EBM using MEDLINE database.
A short survey on preconditioning techniques for large-scale dense complex linear systems in electromagnetics
Authors: Yin Wang, Jeonghwa Lee, Jun Zhang
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

In solving systems of linear equations arising from practical scientific and engineering modelling and simulations such as electromagnetics applications, it is important to choose a fast and robust solver. Due to the large scale of those problems, preconditioned Krylov subspace methods are most suitable. In electromagnetics simulations, the use of preconditioned Krylov subspace methods in the context of multilevel fast multipole algorithms (MLFMA) is particularly attractive. In this paper, we present a short survey of a few preconditioning techniques in this application. We also compare several preconditioning techniques combined with the Krylov subspace methods to solve large dense linear systems arising from electromagnetic scattering problems and present some numerical results.
Irreversible microeconomics: Optimal processes and equilibrium in closed systems
Authors: A. M. Tsirlin
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2008)

Consideration is given to equilibrium conditions and processes controlled by the go-between in closed economic systems. Specific features of such systems are emphasized as compared to thermodynamic systems. Constraints on the set of equilibrium states are obtained in isolated systems and systems that are open in basis resource. Optimality conditions for purchases and sales are formulated and a limiting volume of the gaining basis resource is obtained; the existence of the function of economic agent welfare is proved.
Self-consistency and the use of correlated stochastic separated flow models for prediction of particle-laden flows
Authors: M. F. Lightstone
Venue: International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics (2007)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is being used increasingly in the design and analysis of particle-laden flows. A significant challenge of this work is in correctly predicting the interaction of the fluid turbulence with the particulate phase. Typically, Lagrangian tracking is used to calculate the particle trajectories with stochastic treatments used to provide an instantaneous turbulent flow field. The stochastic calculations are based on the mean velocities and turbulence quantities calculated by the CFD solver. The current work examines the correlated stochastic separated flow (SSF) model used to synthesize the instantaneous fluid velocity field. Two functional forms of the Eulerian spatial correlation are considered: exponential, and Frenkiel with loop parameter m equal to unity. It is well known that the use of a Frenkiel function is incorrect due to the Markovian nature of the model. Nonetheless, a literature review indicates that the Frenkiel function is still being used in the CFD community. In order to illustrate the implications of this, numerical predictions are compared to Taylor's analytical result for fluid particle dispersion in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Excellent predictions are obtained with the exponential correlation and recommendations on timestep requirements are made. In contrast, predictions from the Frenkiel model are in poor agreement with Taylor's solution. This poor agreement results from an inconsistency between the effective correlation of fluid velocities arising from the model and the original intended correlation.
A Measurement-Based Method for Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency
Authors: Hendrik F. Hamann
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

In this paper we discuss a novel sensing and measurement technology which allows visualizing the 3D temperature and heat distributions in a data center or other complex thermal system. Specifically, we leverage the high spatial resolution of IBM's Mobile Measurement Technology (MMT). We show that substantially improvements in energy efficiency can be obtained by the MMT method.
Isovera digital library
Authors: Cal Collins, Sergey Demidenko, Shakib Mostafa
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2008)

IsoveraDL is a digital library and peer review system. IsoveraDL allows you to upload and serve your learning resources along with associated record metadata in a very organized and dynamic way. IsoveraDL uses a resource publication workflow that models the existing off-line record management workflow in use by different AAAS BEN partners. In addition IsoveraDL also provides a Peer Review module which allows users to create and use dynamic Peer Review workflows. Using IsoveraDL, permitted users can upload records and metadata for Peer Reviewed by others. Metadata records can be validated by a different set of users before they are published. The record submission forms used in IsoveraDL for adding resources are highly customizable and administrative users have the option of setting up as many of these forms as required. The Controlled Vocabularies and metadata fields used in IsoveraDL conform to AAAS BEN Learning Object Metadata specification. Administrative users have the ability to edit or add to these vocabularies and fields if needed. Optionally, the IsoveraDL Peer Review module may be used in conjunction with IsoveraDL's record submission forms. If a record submission form is set up for Peer Review then all records submitted through the form are Peer Reviewed before they can be validated. Administrative users can create workflows, associated forms and reviewer groups for the Peer Review module. The Peer Review module also has a reporting interface through which administrative users can easily monitor the progress and workload of all records and users associated with the module. Once a record is validated and published, users are able to discover resources through IsoveraDL's search and browse functionality. Records published through IsoveraDL can be easily harvested to the AAAS BEN portal through the built-in Harvester module using OAI-PHM.
Temporal sketch recognition in interspersed drawings
Authors: Tevfik Metin Sezgin, Randall Davis
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling (2007)

Sketch recognition has been recognized as an enabling technology for pen-based interfaces. Previous work in the field has shown that in certain domains the stroke orderings used when drawing objects contain temporal patterns that can aid recognition. So far, systems that use temporal information for recognition have assumed that objects are drawn one at a time. This paper shows how this assumption can be relaxed to permit temporal interspersing of strokes from different objects. We describe a statistical framework based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks that explicitly models the fact that objects can be drawn interspersed. We present recognition results for hand-drawn electronic circuit diagrams. The results show that handling interspersed drawing provides a significant increase in accuracy.
Examination of Forwarding Obstruction Attacks in Structured Overlay Networks
Authors: Yo Mashimo, Shintaro Ueda, Yasutaka Shinzaki, Hiroshi Shigeno
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

In this paper, we focus on forwarding obstruction attacks in structured overlay networks, and evaluate the impacts of the attacks through computer simulations, and finally propose countermeasures. One countermeasure is duplicating the network, and we show the improvement in the successful search rate. Also by examining the network in biased forwarding situations, the existence of nodes handling most of the search queries is verified. Approximately 80% of all search queries reaches a Hub node by the third hop in the search route.
Comparison of velocity patterns in an AComA aneurysm measured with 2D phase contrast MRI and simulated with CFD
Authors: Christof Karmonik, Richard Klucznik, Goetz Benndorf
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2008)

Objective: Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is increasingly being used for modeling hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms. While CFD techniques are well established, need for validation of the results remains. By quantifying features in velocity patterns measured with 2D phase contrast magnetic resonance (pcMRI) in vivo and simulated with CFD, the role of pcMRI for providing reference data for the CFD simulation is explored. Methods: Unsteady CFD simulations were performed with inflow boundary conditions obtained from 2D pcMRI measurements of an aneurysm of the anterior communication artery. Intra-aneurysmal velocity profiles were recorded with 2D pcMRI and calculated with CFD. Relative areas of positive and negative velocity were calculated in these profiles for maximum and minimum inflow. Results: Areas of positive and of negative velocity similar in shape were found in the velocity profiles obtained with both methods. Relative difference in size of the relative areas for the whole cardiac cycle ranged from 1%-25% (average 12%). Conclusion: 2D pcMRI is able to record velocity profiles in an aneurysm of the anterior commuting artery in vivo. These velocity profiles can serve as reference data for validation of CFD simulations. Further studies are needed to explore the role of pcMRI in the context of CFD simulations.
Hyperbolic embedding of internet graph for distance estimation and overlay construction
Authors: Yuval Shavitt, Tomer Tankel
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2008)

Estimating distances in the Internet has been studied in the recent years due to its ability to improve the performance of many applications, e.g., in the peer-to-peer realm. One scalable approach to estimate distances between nodes is to embed the nodes in some d dimensional geometric space and to use the pair distances in this space as the estimate for the real distances. Several algorithms were suggested in the past to do this in low dimensional Euclidean spaces. It was noted in recent years that the Internet structure has a highly connected core and long stretched tendrils, and that most of the routing paths between nodes in the tendrils pass through the core. Therefore, we suggest in this work, to embed the Internet distance metric in a hyperbolic space where routes are bent toward the center. We found that if the curvature, that defines the extend of the bending, is selected in the adequate range, the accuracy of Internet distance embedding can be improved. We demonstrate the strength of our hyperbolic embedding with two applications: selecting the closest server and building an application level multicast tree. For the latter, we present a distributed algorithm for building geometric multicast trees that achieve good trade-offs between delay (stretch) and load (stress). We also present a new efficient centralized embedding algorithm that enables the accurate embedding of short distances, something that have never been done before.
The color space of a graph
Authors: Tommy R. Jensen, Carsten Thomassen
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2000)

If k is a prime power, and G is a graph with n vertices, then a k-coloring of G may be considered as a vector in GF(k)n. We prove that the subspace of GF(3)n spanned by all 3-colorings of a planar triangle-free graph with n vertices has dimension n. In particular, any such graph has at least n - 1 nonequivalent 3-colorings, and the addition of any edge or any vertex of degree 3 results in a 3-colorable graph. &copy; 2000 John Wiley Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 34: 234245, 2000
Ontology Learning from Text Using Relational Concept Analysis
Authors: Mohamed Rouane Hacene, Amedeo Napoli, Petko Valtchev, Yannick Toussaint, Rokia Bendaoud
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International MCETECH Conference on e-Technologies (2008)

We propose an approach for semi-automated construction of ontologies from text whose core component is a Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) framework which extends Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), a lattice-theory paradigm for discovering abstractions within objects X attributes tables, to the processing of several sorts of individuals described both by own properties and inter-individual links. As a pre-processing, text analysis is used to transform a document collection into a set of data tables, or contexts, and inter-context relations. RCA then turns these into a set of concept lattices with inter-related concepts. A core ontology is derived from the lattices in a semi-automated manner, by translating relevant lattice elements into ontological concepts and relations, i.e., either taxonomic or transversal ones. The ontology is further refined by abstracting new transversal relations from the initially identified ones using RCA. We discuss as well the results of an application of the method to astronomy texts.
Comparison of illuminations to identify wheat classes using monochrome images
Authors: A. Manickavasagan, G. Sathya, D. S. Jayas
Venue: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (2008)

Wheat class identification using machine vision is an objective method which can be used for online testing to automate handling, binning and shipping operations in grain industry. The efficiencies of a monochrome camera-based vision system with three different illuminations (incandescent light (IL), fluorescent ring light (FRL), fluorescent tube light (FTL)) were determined to identify eight western Canadian wheat classes at four moisture levels (11%, 14%, 17% and 20%). The monochrome images of the bulk wheat samples were acquired at each moisture level (3 illuminationsx8 classesx4 moisture contentsx100 replications=9600 images). A linear discriminant function was used for the classification of wheat samples using 32 gray level textural features extracted from the monochrome images. The mean gray values of the wheat classes were in the ranges of 75-103, 73-115, and 107-143 for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively. The mean gray values of wheat classes were significantly different within each illumination and between different illuminations (@a=0.05). Mean gray value was the highest for FTL and the lowest for IL illumination. The moisture content of the wheat samples had significant effect on the mean gray values. The overall classification accuracies were 90%, 81% and 96% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively, when all the wheat classes were at the same moisture levels. It was 66%, 53% and 85% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively, when the wheat classes were at different moisture levels. The classification accuracies of a 2-stage classification system for the classes with different moisture levels were 68%, 56% and 90% for IL, FRL and FTL, respectively.
Piercing Families of Convex Sets with the d-Intersection Property in &#x211d;d
Authors: R. N. Karasev
Venue: Discrete Computational Geometry (2008)

In this paper, we consider finite families of convex sets in &#x211d; d such that every d or fewer sets of the family have a common point. For some families of this type, we give upper bounds on the size of a finite set intersecting all sets of the family.
CglE's Role in Meningitic E. coli K1 Infection and Energy Metabolism Defined by Bioinformatic and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Hong Cao, Lidan Chen, Jun Yang, Shuji Gong, Hao Zhou, Sheng-He Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

In order to characterize the role of CglE in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli K1 meningitis, comparative infectomic approaches were used to analyze and predict its functions. CglE and IbeA are present in GimA as a pair of homologous proteins at different locations. A similar pair of proteins is also present in Silicibacter sp which belongs to the most abundant marine bacterial groups. Both bacteria have to survive under harsh environments (cerebrospinal fluid and ocean) with poor nutrition, suggesting that they are important for energy metabolism in the both microbes. The bioinformatic analysis indicated that CglE is a putative dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and also shares 55% protein sequence identity to IbeA. The hydrophilicity and antigenic index between them are very similar. Molecular approaches were further used to determine whether CglE shares similar functions as IbeA. The results showed that CglE was able to bind to vimentin, an IbeA-binding protein. The biological functions of CglE need to be further examined.
Automatic virtual machine configuration for database workloads
Authors: Ahmed A. Soror, Umar Farooq Minhas, Ashraf Aboulnaga, Kenneth Salem, Peter Kokosielis, Sunil Kamath
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2008)

Virtual machine monitors are becoming popular tools for the deployment of database management systems and other enterprise software applications. In this paper, we consider a common resource consolidation scenario, in which several database management system instances, each running in a virtual machine, are sharing a common pool of physical computing resources. We address the problem of optimizing the performance of these database management systems by controlling the configurations of the virtual machines in which they run. These virtual machine configurations determine how the shared physical resources will be allocated to the different database instances. We introduce a virtualization design advisor that uses information about the anticipated workloads of each of the database systems to recommend workload-specific configurations offine. Furthermore, runtime information collected after the deployment of the recommended configurations can be used to refine the recommendation. To estimate the effect of a particular resource allocation on workload performance, we use the query optimizer in a new what-if mode. We have implemented our approach using both PostgreSQL and DB2, and we have experimentally evaluated its effectiveness using DSS and OLTP workloads.
Determination of failure frequency indices from state space decomposition
Authors: Joydeep Mitra, Chanan Singh
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing (2006)

This paper describes a technique for the determination of frequency and duration indices, in the steady state, of discrete capacity systems, using the method of state space decomposition. For the first time direct, closed form expressions are developed and presented, and an efficient implementation is outlined. The approach is illustrated by means of a numerical example and validated using an enumeration-based method.