ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Digital communications technology (Tutorial)
Authors: John E. Cox
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

A definition of the essential differences between analog and digital means of transmission for digital data is provided to show the advantages of digital transmission for this kind of traffic. A digital multiplexing hierarchy is described showing its compatibility with digital microwave systems. Distributed and centralized switching techniques for digital data are described illustrating the new service features that are possible. Finally, it is explained why standardization of digital service offerings by carriers is in the best interest of the user.
Evolution of a computer science program
Authors: Wolsey A. Semple
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1973)

At Howard University there is an assortment of analog and digital computers, some of which are coupled to form hybrid computing devices. The University's IBM 360/50 is an operating system time sharing or multi-program facility. In addition to time sharing terminals around the campus, there are also remote job entry stations and satelite computers to the IBM 360.
Determination of criticality indices in the PERT problem
Authors: Guillermo Ponce-Campos, Thomas J. Schriber
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

A GPSS/360 model which estimates criticality indices and project duration distribution for the generalized PERT network is presented. The cost of developing this model and using it on a production run basis is compared with the corresponding costs associated with an equivalent FORTRAN IV (Level G) model. Although GPSS/360 facilitates the model-building process, significant overall cost economies can be realized by building the same model in FORTRAN when extended production runs are to be made.
Using Interleaving to Ameliorate the Effects of Packet Loss in a Video Stream
Authors: Mark Claypool, Yali Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2003)

With the rapid improvement in computer and network technologies high-bandwidth streaming multimedia applications are now possible on the Internet. However, the Internet does notprovide the necessary Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees needed to support high-quality, real-time multimedia Transmission, causing Internet multimedia applications to suffer from delay, jitter and loss. Among these, loss, typically caused by network congestion, can degrade the perceptual quality of multimedia streams the most. We propose a video interleaving approach that ameliorates the effects of frame loss by spreading out the bursty effects of loss. The sender first resequences data before transmission to help distribute loss, and returns the data to their original order at the receiver. We apply our approach to MPEG and evaluate the benefits of interleaving to perceptual quality with user studies. Our results show that interleaving adds a small amount of delay and bandwidth overhead, while significantly improving the perceptual quality of Internet video.
Computing needs of selected social science programs
Authors: Ronn J. Hy, Peter B. Nelson, William L. Waugh
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1978)

In a paper presented at the 1977 ACM-SIGUCC Conference held in Kansas City, we addressed several problems social science computer users have resulting from the symbiotic relationships among research methodology, statistics, and computing hardware and software.The cursory research conducted for that presentation generally revealed that graduate students in the social sciences are severely deficient in their knowledge of statistics and computing systems. Nevertheless, we found that despite this lack of knowledge students often were required to use computer facilities and quantitative methods. This usage frequently meant that the user services consultants were called upon to provide social science computer users with statistical assistance as well as knowledge of the computing system. We concluded our presentation with a number of specific recommendations designed to help consultants deal with social science computer users.
An experimental rapid access memory using diodes and capacitors
Authors: A. W. Holt
Venue: Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) (1952)

This paper presents information on the developmental phase of a new type of memory which stores information on discrete capacitors. Two diodes are used in conjunction with each capacitor in such a way that their forward characteristic is used to provide access to the cell and their back characteristic is used to block charge leakage during the memory period. Systematic regeneration is necessary. Although the high speed of this memory is a desirable feature (it may be designed to exceed 100,000 randomly located words per second) the main point of interest is its basic simplicity both in theory and in practice. Since simplicity is related to reliability in a most fundamental way, it is hoped that this technique will offer an order of reliability which is new in the field of high-speed parallel memories. It is also worthy of note that the components used are suitable for operation in aircraft. The Electronic Computers Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards is presently engaged in constructing a rather large experimental memory of this type in order to thoroughly evaluate the technique. To give the most flexibility, in testing, the new system will be designed in such a way that it may be controlled by SEAC. This relationship with SEAC will, however, restrictits speed to about 20,000 random words persecond. Although the initial installation will have only 128 words of 8 bits each, it will be expansible to 256 words of 45 bits.
Graphic manipulations of molecules: A stand-alone processing in a network environment
Authors: Carl N. Morimoto, Edgar F. Meyer,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 annual conference (1975)

Our graphics system is a part of the CRYSNET system, a network of intelligent remote terminals, each of which is a small complete system in itself. This type of terminal (a PDP 11/40) has the capability of stand-alone processing and yet has access to central computer centers for massive data bases and for large program libraries. Here, we see the merging of the apparent diverging trends for (1) larger and faster processing at large computer centers and (2) dynamic and interactive processing with minicomputers in local workshops. In such a network environment, our current graphics needs and applications are met and carried out with stand-alone processing. The current applications include (1) retrieval and display of molecules (from small inorganic structures to large protein structures), (2) three-dimensional (3-d) display of density contours, (3) display and manipulations of parts of large molecules in 3-d, (4) display and manipulations of semirigid molecular moeties to achieve optimum packing configuration in their crystalline states. In the context of these graphic applications, I would like to describe and characterize the organization of the software system.
Microprogrammed subprocessors for compilation and execution of high-level languages
Authors: Peter Moulton
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

A set of four microcoded subprocessors have been designed for the Microdata 3200 to provide compact, efficient compilation and execution of LR(k) languages. The scanner subprocessor extracts tokens from an input string; the parser subprocessor executes a stack automation program which parses the source program; the semantics subprocessor provides operators for data handling in tables and stacks, symbol table searching, and object code generation; the execution subprocessor is a stack machine designed for ALGOL-like languages. The design and interaction of these subprocessors is discussed.
EFTS related file recovery and integrity problems
Authors: Jack Dugger
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth symposium on Data communications (1979)

Because of the vast sums involved in Electronic Funds Transfer, the techniques used to recover messages and files must be exceptionally reliable. There is a movement today in EFTS from special purpose, custom built operating systems to more general purpose operating systems with the intent of obtaining greater versatility (higher level languages, data base methodology, etc.) The drawback is that the general purpose recovery systems are usually insufficient, and their code may no longer be accessible to the programmer.
Mobility Support with REBECA
Authors: Andreas Zeidler, Ludger Fiege
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2003)

Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) proliferates loose coupling and is touted to facilitate mobility. The inherent loose coupling even allows existing applications to be transferred to mobile environments, if an appropriate infrastructure support is available. However, existing pub/sub middleware are mostly optimized for static systems where users as well as the underlying system structure is rather fixed. In this paper, we analyze the necessary steps to support mobile clients with publish/subscribe middleware. The REBECA content-based pub/sub service is extended to accommodate to physically mobile clients, offering a location transparent access to the middleware without degrading the previously guaranteed quality of service. The transparent access allows existing applications to be seamlessly transferred froma static to a mobile scenario without having to adapt client applications.
Current user education efforts at the university of Alabama in Birmingham
Authors: C. Joseph Williams
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1975)

Most university User Services departments, according to their newsletters and course announcements, seem to approach the problem of user education through short courses or installation generated manuals. In many cases the student's lack of prerequisite knowledge is not acknowledged nor are the problems of attending scheduled classes; the courses may more often than not be presented at a time when the user is not actively involved with the particular system, language or facility which the course covers. The requirements of User Services education must be examined to determine a method which is best suited to produce adequate education and training for the time and effort invested. This approach to training and education makes use of the technologies and techniques developed in an area which has come to be called (a name hardly unfamiliar to us) the systems approach. &ldquo;Applied to training and development, systems analysis is usually considered to encompass all the systems disciplines.... The goal of the process is to enable training managers to make choices which will achieve maximum internal operating efficiency of the components of the system.&rdquo;
A method for data translation using the Stored-Data Definition and Translation Task Group languages
Authors: Diane C. P. Smith
Venue: Proceedings of 1972 ACM-SIGFIDET workshop on Data description, access and control (1972)

The research done for this paper was part of the author's task as a member of the Stored-Data Definition end Translation Task Group. members of this group contributed many ideas and helpful criticisms. The author's work was supported by the Information Systems Branch of the Office of Naval Research on Contract N00014-67-A-0216-0007.
Contrasting translation, verification and synthesis in software and firmware engineering
Authors: Robert A. Mueller, Gearold R. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1981)

Translation, verification and synthesis are commonly used terms in the software field, yet these terms seem to be misunderstood by many which may inhibit progress. This paper attempts, through the use of definitions and examples, to clarify these concepts and their significance in both software and firmware engineering.
A high level synthesis tool for MOS chip design
Authors: Jean Dussault, Chi-Chang Liaw, Michael M. Tong
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

This paper describes a design tool called Functional Design System (FDS) that supports high level MOS LSI design. Designers can build circuits at the register transfer level by using a set of high level FDS primitives. FDS then automatically produces in seconds an accurate and efficient polycell implementation for these primitives. Therefore, the design cycle time can be reduced significantly. FDS is an integral part of a larger CAD system [1] which supports other aspects of the design cycle, namely, graphical design capture, simulation, test generation, and layout. The system has proved to be highly successful in helping designers to develop extremely reliable chips in a short time frame.
Schemata for teaching structured assembly language programming
Authors: James L. Silver,  Jr., Robert R. Leeper
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1983)

The paper advocates the use of structured programming techniques in designing and developing assembly language programs. It presents schemata for implementing the major constructs of structured programs in IBM 370 Assembly language. These include the extensive use of equates for defining labels and the use of indentation to illustrate logical dependencies in pseudocode comments.
The role of videotex (Panel Session)
Authors: Brian Botten, John Norton, Lois Schneider
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1982)

Frank W. Tompa Interactive videotex systems may soon emerge as a principal information, entertainment and communications medium relying heavily on computer graphics. Until now, much has been written about the image presentation and data facilities of the several current systems, but videotex literature and research is unexpectedly far removed from mainstream graphics audiences. The purpose of this panel session is therefore to narrow the gap. In outline, the panel session includes an introduction to videotex, followed by several short presentations covering videotex graphics, experience, alternatives, and prospects. Brian Botten David Godfrey John Norton Lois Schneider Andries van Dam
Evaluation of offices (Panel Session)
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGOA conference on Office information systems (1982)

The purpose of this panel is two-fold: 1) To clarify some of the social and behavioral issues in the evaluation of office information systems (OIS); and 2) to promote interaction between a few of the leading social and computer scientists in the field of OIS. Inherent in the OIS setting is the direct association of non-technical people with sophisticated computer terminals. In the early stages this meant clerical staff using word processors. But currently OIS implementors are focusing on decision making processes of &ldquo;knowledge workers&rdquo; (including executives). By doing so these implementors find themselves face-to-face with the complex sociological, psychological, and technological problems of person-machine interaction. Issues abound - some subtle, some not so subtle, and social scientists are gathering in scores to get involved in the movement.
International technology transfer (Panel)
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1984)

For the past two and one half decades, USA suppliers have generally dominated the computer graphics marketplace, providing an estimated 90 percent of computer graphics shipments worldwide. In the past few years, however, a number of non-USA sources have begun to develop products which not only have captured a growing percentage of their domestic markets, but also have begun to be competitive worldwide. USA companies have increasingly turned to non-USA sources for licenses and products. This panel brings together executives from European, Asian and South African companies to discuss the growing exchange of computer graphics technology among USA and non-USA suppliers.
A class of tree algorithms with variable message length
Authors: D. P. Gerakoulis, T. N. Saadawi, D. L. Schilling
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM symposium on Communications architectures and protocols: tutorials symposium (1984)

In this paper we present and analyze a class of tree algorithms with variable message length. First we analyze the algorithm according to which a message, consisting of a number of packets, is transmitted continuously after the successful transmission of its first packet, referred to as the tree algorithm with variable message length. The analysis of the algorithm is presented for the two cases of small number of users and of large number of users. In both cases the analysis shows a considerable improvement for the maximum throughput, which gets larger as the average message length increases. Second, we present the reservation tree algorithm, R-Tree, which uses &test& packets instead of the message's first packet to resolve the collision among users. The R-Tree maximum throughput approaches one as the average message length increases, which for single packet messages can be a maximum throughput of 0.776 for infinite number of users.
META-3 syntax-directed compiler writing compiler to generate efficient code
Authors: Frederick W. Schneider, Glen D. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1964 19th ACM national conference (1964)

The basic compilation method is a top to bottom recursive scan without backtrack based on the compiler written for the IBM 1401 by Val Schorre. Each statement of the language is written in a form closely resembling Backus Normal Form; that is, a sequence of tests to be performed to determine whether or not the sequence of characters in the input string is a valid program in the language described. In addition output instructions are interspersed with the syntactic elements to generate the desired code. The following features were added to the language to facilitate the direct generation of efficient machine code: A symbol table A push-down operand stack Mode flags and a register manipulation generator A push-down first-in first-out list Direct communication in a simplified manner between the compiler and hand coded routines. A complete description of both the META-3 compiler and of the compilation algorithm are given.
Microprogramming concepts - a step towards structured hardware design
Authors: Reiner W. Hartenstein
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

In microprogrammable systems a special type of interpretive linkage mechanism is used. This linkage mechanism, among all known interpretive techniques, shows the clearest distinction between linkage implementation and the execution mechanisms of semantics. The essentials of interpretation by micro programs may be used as part of a design guideline for the design of a variety of multi processor systems or multi micro processor systems, aiming hereby at more clearly structured design solutions. After a short discussion of the interpretive mechanisms, known from microprogrammable systems, its possible impact on the design philosophies for hardware design in computer architecture, and for integrated hardware/software design efforts, is the subject of this paper. Especially one particular design philosophy, derived from the interpretive mechanism of microprogrammable systems, is discussed, which results in computer architectures in form of a hierarchy of interpretive modules. A few examples are mentioned.
Towards a comprehensive user interface management system
Authors: W. Buxton, M. R. Lamb, D. Sherman, K. C. Smith
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1983)

A UIMS developed at the University of Toronto is presented. The system has two main components. The first is a set of tools to support the design and implementation of interactive graphics programs. The second is a run-time support package which handles interactions between the system and the user (things such as hit detection, event detection, screen updates, and procedure invocation), and provides facilities for logging user interactions for later protocol analysis. The design/implementation tool is a preprocessor, called MENULAY, which permits the applications programmer to use interactive graphics techniques to design graphics menus and their functionality. The output of this preprocessor is high-level code which can be compiled with application-specific routines. User interactions with the resulting executable module are then handled by the run-time support package. The presentation works through an example from design to execution in a step-by-step manner.
Computer facility: Starter kit
Authors: Robert H. Randolph
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1975)

The purpose of the discussion that follows is to shed some light on the mystical process of buying a computer. The problem of computer acquisition is often approached from a very rational, very scientific perspective with lots of charts, graphs, comparisons and rating scales. Sometimes the original intent of the effort can get lost in the piles of data. What I hope to do here is to augment or clarify this super rational approach (which certainly has its place) with some practical, down to earth common sense. At the very least, what I am advocating could certainly become the basis for a more elaborate scientific approach. In order to keep things simple, I have looked at the problem of computer acquisition in terms of (1) some thinking, (2) some planning, (3) and a lot of doing.
Saturn V Prelaunch Systems Simulation Model for a launch opportunity containing multiple launch windows
Authors: Bernard J. Schroer
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

This paper presents the results of the Saturn V Prelaunch Systems Simulation Model for a launch opportunity containing multiple launch windows. The simulation consisted of the events in operation during the last 26 hours of the Saturn V countdown (i.e., T-26 hours to liftoff). The measure of effectiveness, Launch Vehicle Availability (LVA), was evaluated for various launch window configurations.
Software requirements in the 80's
Authors: Mack Alford
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 1980 annual conference (1980)

The subject of this paper is, as the title implies, the types of software requirements techniques that are expected to be developed and used in the 1980's. The paper's thesis is that advances in software requirements technology are the key to reducing software development and maintenance costs. Eight types of requirements are identified, and tools and techniques for reducing design and implementation costs for each are discussed.
An operational view on renewal theory
Authors: Wolfgang Kowalk
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (1983)

In this paper we derive a formula for the moments of the residual life in operational context, and show that the Paradox of Residual Life holds also in a finite queueing model. In addition, we prove the renewal theorem, show that forward and backward times are independent, and state the memoryless property. As applications we point out how to derive Tak&agrave;cs recurrence formula for the moments of the waiting time and how to base the Markovian state theory on this.
Monocular tracking of the human arm in 3D
Authors: L. Goncalves, E. Di Bernardo, E. Ursella, P. Perona
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

We address the problem of estimating the position and motion of a human arm in 3D without any constraints on its behavior and without the use of special markers. We model the arm as two truncated right-circular cones connected with spherical joints. We propose to use a recursive estimator for arm position, and to provide the estimator with error signals obtained by comparing the projected estimated arm position with that of the actual arm in the image. The system is demonstrated and tested on a real image sequence.