ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A computer implementation of the generalized partial credit model
Authors: Lyubomir Christov, Dimiter Tsvetkov
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer systems and technologies (2004)

Generalised Partial Credit Model (GPCM) is used in the case of a test with graded response categories. It is a generalization of both -- the graded response model and the two-parametric logistic model and in this way it seems to be one of the most useful models with respect to the psychological scales. Here we present a computer implementation of the GPCM as well as we give a brief description of the model itself and of the way it is implemented.
The inverse electromagnetic scattering problem for a mixed boundary value problem for screens
Authors: Fioralba Cakoni, Eric Darrigrand
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2005)

We consider the inverse scattering problem of determining the shape of mixed perfectly conducting-impedance screens from a knowledge of the incident time harmonic electromagnetic plane wave and the electric far field pattern of the scattered wave. We adapt the linear sampling method invented by Colton and Kirsch (Inverse Problems 12 (1996) 383) for the case of scattering by obstacles with nonempty interior. Numerical examples are given for mixed screens in R3.
Understanding design as a social creative process
Authors: Andy Warr, Eamonn O'Neill
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Creativity cognition (2005)

The Human-Computer Interaction community has long been concerned with design. Terms such as 'creativity' and 'innovation' are frequently used when referring to the design process and in this paper we examine what creativity is with respect to design. Design is often a collaborative and, therefore, a social activity. We review the evolution of definitions of creativity, leading to our proposal of a unified definition, we present a theoretical account of why social creativity should in principle be more productive than individual creativity. We explain findings to the contrary in terms of three social influences on creativity and suggest that research in supporting design should focus on mitigating the effects of these social influences on the creativity of design teams.
Interpolation and Approximation of Piecewise Smooth Functions
Authors: Francesc Arandiga, Albert Cohen, Rosa Donat, Nira Dyn
Venue: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (2005)

This paper provides approximation orders for a class of nonlinear interpolation procedures for uniformly sampled univariate data. The interpolation is based on essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) and subcell resolution (SR) reconstruction techniques. These nonlinear techniques aim at reducing significantly the approximation error for functions with isolated singularities and are therefore attractive for applications such as shock computations or image compression. We prove that in the presence of isolated singularities, the approximation order provided by the interpolation procedure is improved by a factor of $h$ relative to the linear methods, where h is the sampling rate. Moreover, for h below a critical value, we recover the optimal approximation order as for uniformly smooth functions.
Dependencies of discourse structure on the modality of communication: Oregon State University
Authors: Philip R. Cohen
Venue: Issue 79 (January 1982) (1982)

With the genesis of speech understanding systems, computational linguistics research is becoming less wedded to teletype-based interaction. It would therefore be wise to look for systematic ways in which the discourse structure of voice interaction differs from teletype interaction. Such discoveries could lead to substantially different discourse components for speech understanding systems.Rubin (1980) points out that language experiences should not simply be characterized as oral or written. Rather, there is a set of dimensions along which language experiences such as having a conversation and writing/reading a letter might differ, including: the ability to interact, the sharing of space and time between speaker and hearer, the concreteness of referents, and the use of voice or print.Following Rubin's taxonomy, and influenced by Chapanis et al.'s [1977] communication mode study and Grosz' [1977] task-oriented dialogue work, we conducted a study to explore how the structure of an instruction-giving discourse depends on the communication situation in which it takes place. Twenty-five subjects were videotaped as they instructed twenty-five others in assembling a toy water pump. Five "dialogues" each took place face-to-face, via telephone, teletype, audiotape, and written text. We chose to analyze telephone and teletype dialogues first since results would have direct implications for the design of speech understanding and production systems.Preliminary results indicate that the structure of telephone dialogues is markedly different from that of teletype dialogues. In telephone mode, speakers frequently, explicitly, and often indirectly, request hearers to identify the referents of noun phrases. For example, utterances used indirectly to perform such requests include "there is a NP" and "the NP?". In contrast, teletype "speakers" rarely accomplish the goal of referring in a separate step. Instead, the goals of referring and requesting an assembly action are achieved with one utterance, usually an imperative such as "Insert the green plunger into the large tube with threads on one end".As for computational implications, we are led to conclude that, within the framework of a plan-based theory of speech acts (Perrault and Allen [1980]), referent identification should be treated as a planned action by language production and comprehension systems. That is, by planning to facilitate the healer's plan, producers should design their noun phrases so that hearers can identify the referents. Conversely, comprehenders should reason about what the producer intended to be done with the uttered NP -- find its referent, supply a co-referring NP. etc. Our goal, then is to develop production and comprehension systems capable of reasoning about reference.
An Efficient Topology-Adaptive Membership Protocol for Large-Scale Cluster-Based Services
Authors: Jingyu Zhou, Lingkun Chu, Tao Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Papers - Volume 01 (2005)

A highly available large-scale service cluster often requires the system to discover new nodes and identify failed nodes quickly in order to handle a high volume of traffic. Determining node membership promptly in such an environment is critical to location-transparent service invocation, load balancing, and failure shielding. In this paper, we present a topology-adaptive hierarchical membership service which dynamically divides the entire cluster into membership groups based on the network topology among nodes so that the liveness of a node within each group is published to others in a highly efficient manner. The proposed approach has been compared with two alternatives: an allto-all multicast approach and a gossip based approach. The results show that the proposed approach is scalable and effective in terms of high membership accuracy, short view convergence time, and low communication cost.
Interactive deformation of light fields
Authors: Billy Chen, Eyal Ofek, Heung-Yeung Shum, Marc Levoy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games (2005)

We present a software pipeline that enables an animator to deform light fields. The pipeline can be used to deform complex objects, such as furry toys, while maintaining photo-realistic quality. Our pipeline consists of three stages. First, we split the light field into sub-light fields. To facilitate splitting of complex objects, we employ a novel technique based on projected light patterns. Second, we deform each sub-light field. To do this, we provide the animator with controls similar to volumetric free-form deformation. Third, we recombine and render each sub-light field. Our rendering technique properly handles visibility changes due to occlusion among sub-light fields. To ensure consistent illumination of objects after they have been deformed, our light fields are captured with the light source fixed to the camera, rather than being fixed to the object. We demonstrate our deformation pipeline using synthetic and photographically acquired light fields. Potential applications include animation, interior design, and interactive gaming.
Cascode Monolithic DC-DC Converter for Reliable Operation at High Input Voltages
Authors: Volkan Kursun, Siva G. Narendra, Vivek K. De, Eby G. Friedman
Venue: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (2005)

A cascode bridge circuit for monolithic switching DC-DC converters operating at high input voltages is proposed in this paper. The proposed circuit can also be used as an I/O buffer to interface circuits operating at significantly different voltages. The circuit technique permits the full integration of the active and passive devices of a switching DC-DC converter with a high voltage conversion ratio in a standard low voltage CMOS technology. The cascode bridge structure guarantees the reliable operation of deep submicrometer MOSFETs without exposure to high voltage stress while operating at high input and output voltages. With the proposed circuit technique, steady-state voltage differences between the terminals of all of the MOSFETs in a switching DC-DC converter are maintained within a range imposed by a target low voltage CMOS technology. High-to-low DC-DC converters operating at input voltages up to three times as high as the maximum voltage that can be directly applied across the terminals of a MOSFET are described. An efficiency of 79.6% is achieved for 5.4 volts to 0.9 volts conversion assuming a 0.18 ¿m CMOS technology. The DC-DC converter operates at a switching frequency of 97 MHz while supplying a DC current of 250 mA to the load.
How to make secure email easier to use
Authors: Simson L. Garfinkel, David Margrave, Jeffrey I. Schiller, Erik Nordlander, Robert C. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (2005)

Cryptographically protected email has a justly deserved reputation of being difficult to use. Based on an analysis of the PEM, PGP and S/MIME standards and a survey of 470 merchants who sell products on Amazon.com, we argue that the vast majority of Internet users can start enjoying digitally signed email today. We present suggestions for the use of digitally signed mail in e-commerce and simple modifications to webmail systems that would significantly increase integrity, privacy and authorship guarantees that those systems make. We then show how to use the S/MIME standard to extend such protections Internet-wide. Finally, we argue that software vendors must make minor changes to the way that mail clients store email before unsophisticated users can safely handle mail that is sealed with encryption.
Ontological Evaluation of Enterprise Systems Interoperability Using ebXML
Authors: Peter F. Green Michael Rosemann Marta Indulska
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2005)

Enterprise systems interoperability (ESI) is an important topic for business currently. This situation is evidenced, at least in part, by the number and extent of potential candidate protocols for such process interoperation, viz., ebXML, BPML, BPEL, and WSCI. Wide-ranging support for each of these candidate standards already exists. However, despite broad acceptance, a sound theoretical evaluation of these approaches has not yet been provided. We use the Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) models, in particular, the representation model, to provide the basis for such a theoretical evaluation. We, and other researchers, have shown the usefulness of the representation model for analyzing, evaluating, and engineering techniques in the areas of traditional and structured systems analysis, object-oriented modeling, and process modeling. In this work, we address the question, what are the potential semantic weaknesses of using ebXML alone for process interoperation between enterprise systems? We find that users will lack important implementation information because of representational deficiencies; due to ontological redundancy, the complexity of the specification is unnecessarily increased; and, users of the specification will have to bring in extra-model knowledge to understand constructs in the specification due to instances of ontological excess.
CyARM: an alternative aid device for blind persons
Authors: Kiyohide Ito, Makoto Okamoto, Junichi Akita, Tetsuo Ono, Ikuko Gyobu, Tomohito Takagi, Takahiro Hoshi, Yu Mishima
Venue: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2005)

With the concept of 'human-machine interface', designed especially for visually impaired persons, we have developed an electric aid device for use in guiding orientation and locomotion. The device, which we call CyARM, measures the distance between a person and an object with an ultrasonic sensor and transmits the distance information to the user's haptic sense. In this report, we will: (1) outline the concept of CyARM, (2) describe its mechanism, and (3) demonstrate three preliminary experiments that verify the usability of CyARM. We conducted the experiments in terms of detection of objects, detection of space, and tracking object movement. As a result of these experiments, we have concluded that CyARM is potentially effective for visually impaired persons. Our study will encourage the related studies of user interfaces, particularly focusing on electric aid devices that guide visually impaired persons in detecting their environment.
Wait-free concurrent memory management by create and read until deletion (CaRuD)
Authors: Wim H. Hesselink, Jan Friso Groote
Venue: Distributed Computing (2001)

The acronym CaRuD represents an interface specification and an algorithm for the management of memory shared by concurrent processes. The memory cells form a directed acyclic graph. This graph is only modified by adding a new node with a list of reachable children, and by removing unreachable nodes. If memory is not full, the algorithm ensures wait-free redistribution of free nodes. It uses atomic counters for reference counting and consensus variables to ensure exclusive access. Performance is enhanced by using nondeterminacy guided by insecure knowledge. Experiments indicate that the algorithm is very suitable for multiprocessing.
Precise Voronoi cell extraction of free-form rational planar closed curves
Authors: Iddo Hanniel, Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Gershon Elber, Myung-Soo Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling (2005)

We present an algorithm for generating the Voronoi cells for a set of rational C1-continuous planar closed curves, which is precise up to machine precision. Initially, bisectors for pairs of curves, (C(t), Ci(r)), are generated symbolically and represented as implicit forms in the tr-parameter space. Then, the bisectors are properly trimmed after being split into monotone pieces. The trimming procedure uses the orientation of the original curves as well as their curvature fields, resulting in a set of trimmed-bisector segments represented as implicit curves in a parameter space. A lower-envelope algorithm is then used in the parameter space of the curve whose Voronoi cell is sought. The lower envelope represents the exact boundary of the Voronoi cell.
CNN-based trajectory analysis of flagellar bacteria for nanoscale motion control: Research Articles
Authors: Maide Bucolo, Adriano Basile, Luigi Fortuna, Mattia Frasca
Venue: International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications (2004)

Nanotechnology finds in flagellar bacteria an uncomparable example of a very efficient and miniaturized motor. This and the complex behaviour of the bacteria colonies growth in a self-organized way make the study of flagellar bacteria very important and appealing for possible applications. This brief paper presents an innovative point of view: instead of designing nanoscale devices the control of flagellar bacteria is an alternative solution for nanoscale problems. For these reasons in this work single bacterium motion and colonies growth have been studied by applying non-linear methods in order to characterize their behaviour and control it. The characterization of the single bacterium motion leads to the conclusion that determinism (due to chemotaxis) is predominant with respect to random terms. This result is confirmed by the possibility of modelling the case study of colonies growth through an activation&#x002F;inhibition dynamics. Copyright &copy; 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing and Predicting TCP Throughput on the Wide Area Network
Authors: Dong Lu, Yi Qiao, Peter A. Dinda, Fabian E. Bustamante
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2005)

DualPats exploits the strong correlation between TCP throughput and flow size, and the statistical stability of Internet path characteristics to accurately predict the TCP throughput of large transfers using active probing. We propose additional mechanisms to explain the correlation, and then analyze why traditional TCP benchmarking fails to predict the throughput of large transfers well. We characterize stability and develop a dynamic sampling rate adjustment algorithm so that we probe a path based on its stability. Our analysis, design, and evaluation is based on a large-scale measurement study.
Network Decomposition in Wireless Communication
Authors: Phimphinan Mansinthorn, A. B. Bogobowicz
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2005)

Ad-hoc network features high mobility of network nodes, a large number of nodes and a large network span. In some applications of large scale Ad Hoc network, the grouping of different sets of nodes is extremely helpful in achieving efficient and scalable routing. The study focuses on how the size of each zone (cluster) can be determined such that it promotes efficient and optimum routing protocol for any function index. The added value of current research makes the cluster-based approach more universal and applicable both, at the physical layer and network layer. The studyýs implementation is based on minimum cost flow and uses the available optimized package developed in Fortran by Bertsekas [1] and later implemented in C by Frangioni and Gentile from the University of Pisa, Italy [2].
Interference Environment Between High Altitude Platform Networks (HAPN), Geostationary (GEO) Satellite and Wireless Terrestrial Systems
Authors: Vasilis F. Milas, Philip Constantinou
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2005)

A new broadband telecommunication system has been recently proposed for provision of fixed, mobile and personal services adopting the use of high altitude platform stations placed in a fixed position in the stratospheric layer at heights from 15.5 to 30 km. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has allocated a pair of 300 MHz of spectrum in the V band for these services, which is already in use by geostationary satellite and wireless terrestrial systems as co-primary allocations. This paper addresses an in-depth co-channel interference analysis and proposes a C/I (carrier-to-interference) calculation model applicable to all the interference propagation paths as well as sharing criteria between HAPN, GEO satellite and wireless terrestrial systems extracted from simulations performed in urban, suburban and rural environments. By evaluating the interference density cumulative probability distribution functions, sufficient geographical separation distances between the ground stations are proposed which guarantee the harmonic co-existence between the three broadband systems. Maintaining the platform stable in the stratosphere is a key issue, and in this paper the effect of the three different stratospheric platform's movement models (ITU, HELINET, HALO) appearing in the literature, on C/I levels is estimated.
On The Effects of Intracell Handoff on Resource Allocation Algorithms for Fixed Wireless Access Systems
Authors: David Pearce
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2005)

Fixed wireless schemes are increasingly being used for broadband access, and maximising the spectrum efficiency is an important concern for these applications. However, the fixed wireless access environment differs from the more widely studied mobile cellular case, and the optimum algorithms for achieving high spectrum efficiencies are different, since intercell handoff and fast fading are in many cases not significant concerns. We show that the use of intracell handoffs in this environment can provide capacities in excess of any scheme that does not use 100% frequency re-use. Further, we show that previously reported optimum schemes concerning the use of adaptive modulation and coding, channel selection and power control have to be modified when intracell handoffs are considered.
Invariance of Second-Order Modes under Frequency Transformation in 2-D Separable Denominator Digital Filters
Authors: Shunsuke Koshita, Masayuki Kawamata
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2005)

This paper discusses the invariance of the second-order modes of 2-D separable denominator digital filters under frequency transformation. This paper first derives a state-space description for 2-D digital filters obtained by 2-D frequency transformation and then represents the controllability Gramians and the observability Gramians of the transformed 2-D digital filters. This description proves that the second-order modes of 2-D separable denominator digital filters are not invariant under all frequency transformations, but invariant under specific frequency transformations of which transfer functions are strictly proper. These frequency transformations include lowpass-bandpass and lowpass-bandstop frequency transformations keeping the same bandwidth as that of the prototype lowpass filter. It is also shown that the horizontal second-order modes are invariant when only horizontal transformation is applied, and the vertical second-order modes are invariant when only vertical transformation is applied. This paper further remarks significance brought by the invariance of the second-order modes under frequency transformation.
Consistency checking of UML model diagrams using the XML semantics approach
Authors: Yasser Kotb, Takuya Katayama
Venue: Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web (2005)

A software design is often modeled as a collection of unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. There are different aspects of the software system that are covered by many different UML diagrams. This leads for big risk that the overall specification of the system becomes inconsistent and incompleteness. This inherits the necessary to check the consistency between these related UML diagrams. In addition, as the software system gets evolution, those diagrams get modified that leads again to possible inconsistency and incompleteness between the different versions of these diagrams. In this paper, we plan to employ our previous novel XML semantics approach, which proposed for checking the semantic consistency of XML documents using attribute grammar techniques, to check the consistency of UML diagrams. The key idea here is translating the UML diagrams to its equivalent XMI documents. Then checking the consistency of these XMI documents, they are special forms of XML, by employing them to our previous XML semantics approach.