ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Communication breakdown: analyzing CPU usage in commercial Web workloads
Authors: J. P. Patwardhan, A. R. Lebeck
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2004)

There is increasing concern among developers that future Web servers running commercial workloads may be limited by network processing overhead in the CPU as 10Gb Ethernet becomes prevalent. We analyze CPU usage of real hardware running popular commercial workloads, with an emphasis on identifying networking overhead. Contrary to much popular belief, our experiments show that network processing is unlikely to be a problem for workloads that perform significant data processing. For the dynamic Web serving workloads we examine, networking overhead is negligible (3% or less), and data processing limits performance. However, for Web servers that serve static content, networking processing can significantly impact performance (up to 25% of CPU cycles). With an analytical model, we calculate the maximum possible improvement in throughput due to protocol offload to be 50% for the static Web workloads.
SOA-Driven Business-Software Alignment
Authors: Boris Shishkov, Marten van Sinderen, Dick Quartel
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

The alignment of business processes and their supporting application software is a major concern during the initial software design phases. This paper proposes a design approach addressing this problem of business-software alignment. The approach takes an initial business model as a basis in deriving refined models that target a service-oriented software implementation. The approach explicitly identifies a software modeling level at which software modules are represented as services in a technology-platformindependent way. This model-driven service-oriented approach has the following properties: (i) there is a forced alignment (consistency) between business processes and supporting applications; (ii) changes in the business environment can be traced to the application and vice versa, via model relationships; (iii) the software modules modeled as services have a high degree of autonomy; (iv) migration to new technology platforms can be supported through the platform independent software model.
A robust numerical approach for array calibration
Authors: S. Talwar, A. Paulraj, G. H. Golub
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The authors focus on the problem of sensor array calibration in the presence of noise field uncertainties. The objective is to compute a reliable estimate of the array response vector given finite sample estimates of the signal plus noise and noise only array covariances. These covariances are computed from data collected at the sensor array with a calibration signal turned on and off. Numerical difficulties are encountered in applying the usual generalized eigenvalue technique when the noise field is near singular or has changed significantly over the two covariance measurements. A robust numerical approach is presented for determining the response vector in these situations. Results of computer simulations to verify the proposed technique are also presented.
The X-Trials: Neural Correlates of an Inhibitory Control Task in Children and Adults
Authors: Elysia Poggi Davis, Jacqueline Bruce, Kelly Snyder, Charles A. Nelson
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to examine developmental differences between adults and 6-year-old children in the neural processes involved in an inhibitory control task. Twenty adults and 21 children completed a task that required them to selectively respond to target stimuli while inhibiting responses to equally salient non-target stimuli. Because this task had been previously studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the relation between the fMRI and ERP findings was informally examined. The results indicate that latency and amplitude of the P3 differentiated the different types of trials. However, the pattern of event-related neural activity differed for adults and children. These results, which suggest that adults and children may be using different processes to perform this task, have implications for the interpretation of the previous fMRI findings.
Computational Nanomechatronics: A Pathway for Control and Manufacturing Nanorobots
Authors: Adriano Cavalcanti, Warren W. Wood, Luiz C. Kretly, Bijan Shirinzadeh
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

This paper describes an innovative work for nanorobot design and manufacturing, using a computer simulation and system on chip prototyping approach. The use of CMOS as integrated circuits, with the miniaturization from micro towards nanoelectronics, and the respective advances of nanowires are considered into the proposed model design and discussed as a practical pathway to enable embedded sensors for manufacturing nanorobots. The proposed nanorobot model is applied to hydrology monitoring. It can be useful for agriculture or environmental monitoring and management.
A Client/Server Approach to Open-Architecture, Behavior-Based Robot Programming
Authors: Wyatt Newman, Adam Covitch, Ryan May
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (2006)

This paper describes our progress in the development of a behavior-based, stimulus-response robot control software architecture that is expressly designed to program and execute interactive tasks, including assembly, multi-robot collaborative manipulation, and exploration. The system has been designed to assure stability and safety while maintaining flexibility and achieving expert performance. The architecture incorporates a reactive controller as a behavior server, and applications are written as client programs that can operate either locally or across a network. This organization has been demonstrated to be sufficiently open to support teleoperation tasks as well as human-guided supervisory control and full autonomous functionality.
Optimal controllability norm for the power cost function
Authors: S. P. Mishin
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2006)

Consideration was given to a model of the multilevel hierarchical structure controlling a "production line" (successive business process) where the manager's costs are defined by a power function depending on the intensity of the subprocess controlled by this manager. For the model under study, the optimal hierarchy of control was determined, and the dependence of the optimal controllability norm (the number of "deputies" of one manager) on the model parameters (for example, the power which may be interpreted as the degree of environmental instability) was analyzed.
New approach to designing GPRS location update function
Authors: A. Aaroud, B. Bounabat, A. Latif
Venue: Ubiquity (2006)

Wireless IP network has attracted significant interest due to their ability to support both voice and data transfer in mobile communication. One of the main issues concerning such network is the analysis and design of mobility function particularly the location management. In this paper, we focus on modelling location update function in wireless network standard GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) by using an agent approach [1].
Phylogenetics by likelihood: evolutionary modeling as a tool for understanding the genome
Authors: Carolin Kosiol, Lee Bofkin, Simon Whelan
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2006)

Molecular evolutionary studies provide a means of investigating how cells function and how organisms adapt to their environment. The product of evolutionary studies provide medically important insights to the source of major diseases, such as HIV, and hold the key to understand the developing immunity of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. They have also helped mankind understand its place in nature, casting light on the selective forces and environmental conditions that resulted in modern humans. The use of likelihood as a framework for statistical modeling in phylogenetics has played a fundamental role in studying molecular evolution, enabling rigorous and robust conclusions to be drawn from sequence data. The first half of this article is a general introduction to the likelihood method or inferring phylogenies, the properties of the models used, and how it can be used for statistical testing. The latter half of the article focuses on the emerging new generation of phylogenetic models that describe heterogeneity in the evolutionary process along sequences, including the recoding of protein coding sequence data to amino acids and codons, and various approaches for describing dependencies between sites in a sequence. We conclude with a detailed case study examining how modern modeling approaches have been successfully employed to identify adaptive evolution in proteins.
Research on Supply Chain Performance Evaluation Based on DEA/AHP Model
Authors: Jing-yuan Guo, Jia Liu, Li Qiu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

According to the principle of Balanced Score Card method (BSC), this paper constructs the evaluating index system of the supply chain on four aspects, financial value, business process, client service and study- innovation. On the basis of illustrating the DEA and the AHP methods, this paper combines them in progress and constructs the DEA/AHP model for evaluating the supply chain performance. The principle of DEA/AHP model is to use DEA method to calculate the relative efficiency rate of the decision-making units (DMU), with which construct the judging matrices of AHP, and then get the characteristic vector of judging matrices and rank the DMUs at last. This model overcomes the limitations that DEA can't rank all the DMUs and AHP is highly subjective, so it can evaluate the supply chain performance more scientific and more reasonable.
The Semantic Web Revisited
Authors: Nigel Shadbolt, Tim Berners-Lee, Wendy Hall
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

The original Scientific American article on the Semantic Web appeared in 2001. It described the evolution of a Web that consisted largely of documents for humans to read to one that included data and information for computers to manipulate. The Semantic Web is a Web of actionable information--information derived from data through a semantic theory for interpreting the symbols.This simple idea, however, remains largely unrealized. Shopbots and auction bots abound on the Web, but these are essentially handcrafted for particular tasks; they have little ability to interact with heterogeneous data and information types. Because we haven't yet delivered large-scale, agent-based mediation, some commentators argue that the Semantic Web has failed to deliver. We argue that agents can only flourish when standards are well established and that the Web standards for expressing shared meaning have progressed steadily over the past five years. Furthermore, we see the use of ontologies in the e-science community presaging ultimate success for the Semantic Web--just as the use of HTTP within the CERN particle physics community led to the revolutionary success of the original Web. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.
Error prediction for adaptive modulation and coding in multiple-antenna OFDM systems
Authors: Sébastien Simoens, Stéphanie Rouquette-Léveil, Philippe Sartori, Yufei Blankenship, Brian Classon
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

In this paper, the problem of packet error rate (PER) prediction is addressed in the multiple-antenna broadband OFDM context, and its impact on adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is quantified. The analysis is based on a physical layer comprising various modulation and coding schemes, ranging from robust space-time block coding (STBC) modes to high bit rate spatial division multiplexing (SDM) modes, and also hybrid SDM-STBC schemes. For each mode the expression of several link quality metrics (LQM) enabling PER prediction in the broadband OFDM channel, such as instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), capacity, or exponential effective SNR metrics are provided. Their advantages and limitations are investigated. Finally, their performance is benchmarked in the IEEE 802.11a/g/n context. It is shown that the choice of the LQM has a significant impact on the throughput performance of the AMC algorithm.
e-Science and artificial neural networks in cancer management: Research Articles
Authors: S. D. Dolgobrodov, R. Marshall, P. Moore, R. Bittern, R. J. C. Steele, A. Cuschieri
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2007)

We describe the origins of this project, its aims and its relevance to e-Science research. Particle physicists at the University of Manchester with experience of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have collaborated with clinicians at the University of Dundee to produce an ANN that is intended to predict survival rates and to indicate management profiles for cancer patients. Comparisons are made between typical data handling problems in particle physics and health care. The problems associated with data procurement, namely reliability and censoring are described, together with a discussion of how these problems were addressed. The inputs to the ANN and its decision output are discussed. The reliability of the ANN is assessed quantitatively. The prototype secure Web-based interface, which allows clinicians to input new patient data to the central node at the University of Manchester and to obtain prognoses from anywhere in the world is presented. For each topic, the e-Science relevance is described and underlined. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative use & design of interactive simulations
Authors: Alexander Repenning, Andri Ioannidou, Jonathan Phillips
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

Interactive simulations hold great potential as a communication vehicle capable of improving the usefulness of technology in education. While some benefit can be gained by simply using pre-built simulations, learners benefit most from designing all or at least some aspects of their own simulations. The challenge is to enable this design-as-learning activity without turning students into programmers. A component-based approach cannot only simplify the design of interactive simulations but at the same time serves as collaboration-enabling technology connecting students, teachers, publishers, and researchers. A general framework called the Use & Design Spectrum is introduced to conceptualize collaboration issues of simulation use and design. The AgentSheets simulation-authoring tool is used to provide specific examples of collaborations.
Integer fast modified cosine transform
Authors: Dong-Yan Huang, Ruihua Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

In this paper, an efficient implementation of the forward and inverse MDCT is proposed for even-length MDCT. The algorithm uses discrete cosine transform of type II (DCT-II) to compute the forward MDCT and their inverse DCT-III to compute the inverse MDCT. The lifting scheme is used to approximate multiplications appearing in the MDCT lattice structure where the dynamic range of the lifting coefficients can be controlled by proper choices of the lifting factorizations. The new structure requires less multiplications and additions than previous reported algorithms. The new transform has the properties that it is an integer-to-integer mapping and is reversible. Moreover, it inherits most of the attractive properties of the MDCT, including a good spectral representation of the audio signal, critical sampling and overlapping of blocks. Hence, the intMDCT is suitable for both lossless and lossy audio coding.
The Influence of Memory Load Upon Delay-Interval Activity in a Working-Memory Task: An Event-Related Functional MRI Study
Authors: Amishi P. Jha, Gregory McCarthy
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

We conducted two fMRI studies to investigate the sensitivity of delay-period activity to changes in memory load during a delayed-recognition task for faces. In Experiment 1, each trial began with the presentation of a memory array consisting of one, two, or three faces that lasted for 3 sec. A 15-sec delay period followed during which no stimuli were present. The delay interval concluded with a one-face probe to which subjects made a button press response indicating whether this face was part of the memory array. Experiment 2 was similar in design except that the delay period was lengthened to 24 sec, and the memory array consisted of only one or three faces. We hypothesized that memory maintenance processes that spanned the delay interval would be revealed by their sensitivity to memory load. Long delay intervals were employed to temporally dissociate phasic activity engendered by the memory array from sustained activity reflecting maintenance. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined anatomically for the superior frontal gyri (SFG), middle frontal gyri (MFG), and inferior frontal gyri (IFG), intraparietal sulci (IPS), and fusiform gyri (FFG) on a subject-by-subject basis. The mean time course of activity was determined for all voxels within these regions and for that subset of voxels within each ROI that correlated significantly with an empirically determined reference waveform. In both experiments, memory load significantly influenced activation 6-9 sec following the onset of the memory array with larger amplitude responses for higher load levels. Responses were greatest within MFG, IPS, and FFG. In both experiments, however, these load-sensitive differences declined over successive time intervals and were no longer significant at the end of the delay interval. Although insensitive to our load manipulation, sustained activation was present at the conclusion of the delay interval within MFG and other prefrontal regions. IPS delay activity returned to prestimulus baseline levels prior to the end of the delay period in Experiment 2, but not in Experiment 1. Within FFG, delay activity returned to prestimulus baseline levels prior to the conclusion of the delay interval in both experiments. Thus, while phasic processes engendered by the memory array were strongly affected by memory load, no evidence for load-sensitive delay-spanning maintenance processes was obtained.
Complexity parameters for first order classes
Authors: Marta Arias, Roni Khardon
Venue: Machine Learning (2006)

We study several complexity parameters for first order formulas and their suitability for first order learning models. We show that the standard notion of size is not captured by sets of parameters that are used in the literature and thus they cannot give a complete characterization in terms of learnability with polynomial resources. We then identify an alternative notion of size and a simple set of parameters that are useful for first order Horn Expressions. These parameters are the number of clauses in the expression, the maximum number of distinct terms in a clause, and the maximum number of literals in a clause. Matching lower bounds derived using the Vapnik Chervonenkis dimension complete the picture showing that these parameters are indeed crucial.
Scaling and using large pandemic agent-based models
Authors: Steven Naron
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

The NIH NIGMS MIDAS grant is focused on building global agent-based models for studying world-wide epidemics. As the chief architect of the MIDAS project, I am part of a team providing informatics support to our researchers from Hopkins, Emory, and Virginia Tech. Because of the number of agents and complex social networks we are dealing with, our models tend to require very large amounts of computational resources. We are working with a combination of high level modeling tools, automated means of scaling models and balancing work across grids and clusters, and sophisticated tools for managing complex simulation experiments. A goal is to integrate these functions into a software workbench that minimizes many of the distractions on the researchers in order to allow them to stay focused in a rapid iterative research and development mode.
Asymptotic expression of the linear discrete best lp-approximation
Authors: J. Fernández-Ochoa, J. Martínez-Moreno, J. M. Quesada
Venue: Journal of Approximation Theory (2006)

Let hp, 1 < p < ∞, be the best lp-approximation of the element h ∈ Rn from a proper affine subspace K of Rn, h ∉ K, and let h∞* denote the strict uniform approximation of h from K. We prove that there are a vector α ∈ Rn\[0] and a real number a, 0 ≤ a ≤ 1, such that hp = h∞* +aP/P-1 α + γ p, for all p > 1, where γp ∈ Rn with ||γp|| = o (aP/p).
From Expository Teaching to First e-Learning Course Production: Capture in a 17 Online Course Sample of a Pedagogical Pattern Facilitating Transition
Authors: Dominique Verpoorten, Marianne Poumay Severine Delcomminette, Dieudonne Leclercq
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper discusses an activity structure, RQAT, mined from a study of 17 on-line courses. It formats this structure as a pedagogical pattern and presents it as an abstraction to support staff development, especially faculty willing to incorporate first online components to enhance face to face course.
Contextualised Design of African I-BLOCKS
Authors: Jacob Nielsen, Henrik Hautop Lund
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Technology for Education in Developing Countries (2006)

We have designed and developed African IBLOCKS based upon use amongst university students, secondary school pupils and hospitalized children in Tanzania. Using an initial prototype system, the Tanzanian users developed design guidelines for novel African I-BLOCKS to suit the local educational need and context, and these guidelines were used to develop the novel African I-BLOCKS to allow easier building in three dimensions and more reliable connection. The African I-BLOCKS are cubic with full-duplex connectors and magnetic connectors. They allow easy hands-on building of electronic artifacts by any user. The novel African I-BLOCKS were tested by Tanzanian university students (bachelor of education) in a rural hospital and orphanage with positive qualitative evaluation.
Self-Regulated Learning, Motivation and Goal Theory: Implications for Instructional Design and E-Learning
Authors: Jillianne R. Code, Ken MacAllister, Carmen L. Z. Gress, John C. Nesbit
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Instructional designers can use evidence-based theories of motivation and self-regulated learning to construct e-learning environments that promote goalsetting and achievement. We have used gStudy, educational software designed according to principles of self-regulated learning, to construct a Goal-Setting Kit. The Goal-Setting Kit incorporates tests, scaffolds, concept maps, and exercises that allow students to express, organize, and monitor their strategies for achieving personal and instructional goals.