ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Coverage-aware sensor engagement in dense sensor networks
Authors: Jun Lu, Lichun Bao, Tatsuya Suda
Venue: Journal of Embedded Computing (2009)

Wireless sensor networks are capable of carrying out surveillance missions for various applications in remote areas without human interventions. An essential issue of sensor networks is to search for the balance between the limited battery supply and the desired lifetime of network operations. Beside data communication between sensors, maintaining sufficient surveillance, or sensing coverage, over a target region by coordination within the network is critical for many sensor networks due to the limited supply of energy source for each sensor. This paper presents a novel sensor network coverage maintenance protocol, called Coverage-Aware Sensor Engagement (CASE), to efficiently maintain the required degree of sensing coverage by activating a small number of sensors while putting the others to sleep mode. Different from other coverage maintenance protocols, CASE schedules active/inactive sensing states of a sensor according to the sensor's contribution to the network sensing coverage, therefore preserving the expected behavior of the sensor network. Coverage contribution of each sensor is quantitatively measured by a metric called "coverage merit". By activating sensors with relatively large coverage merit and deactivating those with small coverage merit, CASE effectively achieves energy conservation while maintaining sufficient sensor network coverage. We provide simulation results to show that CASE considerably improves the energy efficiency of coverage maintenance with low communication overhead.
New abacus: a multi-channel interaction device
Authors: Xiaobin Pan, P. L. Patrick Rau, Anping Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (2008)

Multi-channel user interface design is one of the most popular topics in modern human computer interaction studies. It aims at providing users an environment, in which human computer interaction can be realized at anytime and anyplace more naturally and effectively. Abacus calculation requires integration of multiple cognitive functions including number recognition, retrieval of arithmetic facts, temporary storage of intermediate results, and manipulation of mental representations. It relies on the process from perception through visuospatial panel to central executive, in which information is channeled bi-directionally. Phonological loop, however, is seldom involved in the calculation process. Therefore, it is intuitively wondered whether it is possible to involve also phonological loop in abacus calculation as an extra channel.
Towards Virtual Audio/Video Environments Using Semantic Service Composition on a Service Oriented Infrastructure
Authors: Pooia Lalbakhsh, Ayub Goodarzi, Mehdi N. Fesharaki
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

The paper illustrates an open comprehensive distributed framework for audio/video applications which is based on service oriented architecture. The presented architecture not only introduces a high level of transparency on networked environments, it also supports some important system attributes such as reusability, maintainability, flexibility and availability. In this approach each functional unit is considered as a service and each desired scenario is accomplished through dynamic integration of these services using the existing network protocols regarding prescribed system ontology. Since the proposal follows a semantic manner from main concepts to low level components, it can be mapped to other distributed applications to provide different virtually integrated composites. The proposed approach is explained through overall models of audio and video applications and some example scenarios. The paper also studies and compares the available service oriented implementation tools and illustrates the actual implementation process.
Safe Reasoning with Logic LTS
Authors: Gerald Lüttgen, Walter Vogler
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science (2009)

Previous work has introduced the setting of Logic LTS, together with a variant of ready simulation as fully-abstract refinement preorder, which allows one to compose operational specifications using a CSP-style parallel operator as well as the propositional connectives conjunction and disjunction. In this paper, we show how a temporal logic for specifying safety properties may be embedded into Logic LTS so that (a) the temporal operators are compositional for ready simulation and (b) ready simulation, when restricted to pairs of processes and formulas, coincides with the logic's satisfaction relation. The utility of this setting as a semantic foundation for mixed operational and temporal-logic specification languages is demonstrated via a simple example.
Differential quadrature method (DQM) for a class of singular two-point boundary value problems
Authors: Uğur Yucel, Murat Sarı
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2009)

Differential quadrature method is applied in this work to solve singular two-point boundary value problems with a linear or non-linear nature. It is demonstrated through numerical examples that accurate results for the problem with different types of boundary conditions can be obtained using a considerably small number of grid points. The relative, root mean square and maximum absolute errors in computed solutions are given to show the performance of the method.
Computer-assisted instruction in mathematics and language arts for deaf students
Authors: Patrick Suppes, John Dexter Fletcher
Venue: Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition (1974)

This paper summarizes a three-year project running from July 1, 1970 to June 30, 1973, which was concerned with research and development in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for hearing-impaired or deaf students. CAI curriculums developed by the Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences (IMSSS) at Stanford University were used by more than 1,000 deaf students during the 1970--71 school year and by more than 2,000 deaf students during the 1971--72 and 1972--73 school years.
Metrics For Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Systems: What Developers Should Know
Authors: John Salasin, Azad M. Madni
Venue: Journal of Integrated Design Process Science (2007)

Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) provide the first widely applicable approach to tying together diverse "stovepipe" (or "silo") systems. They are, therefore, a "pure" example of how to build Systems of Systems (SOS). With the growing interest in and increasing number of implementations of SOAs, there is a pressing need for measures and metrics that can help SOA developers (Chief Architects or Program Managers) in predicting potential problems in the development/evolution of their SOA system. For SOA-based systems, such assistance is vital since their success depends on melding appropriate technologies and design with organizational characteristics, customer profiles, and functions provided, a Systems of Systems (SOS) concern. This paper discusses an ongoing effort in this area. In addition to providing a useful tool, this effort is technically significant for three key reasons. First, SOA specification and assessment requires consideration of technology factors and their relationships to the organization, and to individual information consumers. Essentially, these are related to metrics for systems engineering. Second, requirements (e.g., ease of use, flexibility) are defined in terms of system characteristics that can be modeled and measured. Thus, the system is defined by a set of evolving models and metrics that allow continual evaluation of progress towards eliminating problems. Third, since requirements are initially expressed with coarse-grained conceptual models, measurement of the characteristics of these models can indicate areas where the system might not meet some requirement, thereby allowing early corrective action. Thereafter, more refined models, can be developed to track the success of corrective actions. This paper provides a background on SOA, challenges for SOA metrics, and proposes a model-based metrics framework for evaluating SOAbased systems on an ongoing basis. It provides exemplar metrics and measures for SOA, and discusses several approaches to metrics quantification and presentation.
TCP/IP and Mobile IP over asymmetric wireless links
Authors: H. Kim, P. Harrang, Arun Ayyagari, Sankar Ray
Venue: Space Communications (2000)

The issues related to implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the fixed and mobile environments are being investigated for a variety of commercial and military applications. Specific issues are the effects of disadvantaged links associated with bandwidth, latency, and traffic asymmetries, high bit error rates, quality of services, and security requirements on network operation. We set up a &lsquo;TCP/IP and Mobile IP Networks Testbed for Mobile Platforms&rsquo;, which allowed us to simulate a wide range of network topologies such as asymmetric satellite links, mobile IP links, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11B wireless local area networks (WLAN). In this paper, the segmented TCP (i.e., TCP Splitting) performance with SkyX&trade; Gateways is described over asymmetric satellite links. Compatibility test of mobile IP mobile clients (mobile nodes) software is performed with mobile agents (home and foreign agents) software. Finally, the mobile IP network/router mobility currently under development will be also briefly described.
Isolated WDDL: A Hiding Countermeasure for Differential Power Analysis on FPGAs
Authors: Robert P. McEvoy, Colin C. Murphy, William P. Marnane, Michael Tunstall
Venue: ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS) (2009)

Security protocols are frequently accelerated by implementing the underlying cryptographic functions in reconfigurable hardware. However, unprotected hardware implementations are susceptible to side-channel attacks, and Differential Power Analysis (DPA) has been shown to be especially powerful. In this work, we evaluate and compare the effectiveness of common hiding countermeasures against DPA in FPGA-based designs, using the Whirlpool hash function as a case study. In particular, we develop a new design flow called Isolated WDDL (IWDDL). In contrast with previous works, IWDDL isolates the direct and complementary circuit paths, and also provides DPA resistance in the Hamming distance power model. The analysis is supported using actual implementation results.
Enhancing information scent: identifying and recommending quality tags
Authors: Shaoke Zhang, Umer Farooq, John M. Carroll
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work (2009)

We describe a scenario of tag use and an empirical study of tags as socio-cognitive artifacts providing information scent. We articulated a three-step use scenario of tags, and used it to conceptualize tag "quality" as determined by use. We designed and conducted a user study to explore what attributes of tags and taggers predict the user-rated "quality" of tags. We found that frequency best predicted tag quality, while information entropy provided further refinement. We found that people rated our identified quality tags as higher in quality than general tags. But these identified quality tags were not perceived as better than self-generated tags. We derived a regression model for tag quality and discussed implications for social computing.
Computer simulation study of the relationship between the profile of excitatory postsynaptic potential and stimulus-correlated motoneuron firing
Authors: Maria Piotrkiewicz, Lydia Kudina, Michal Jakubiec
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2009)

This paper shows the results of computer simulation of changes in motoneuron (MN) firing evoked by a repetitively applied synaptic volley that consists of a single excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Spike trains produced by the threshold-crossing MN model were analyzed as experimental results. Various output functions were applied for analysis; the most useful was a peristimulus time histogram, a special modification of a raster plot and a peristimulus time frequencygram (PSTF). It has been shown that all functions complement each other in distinguishing between the genuine results evoked by the excitatory volley and the secondary results of the EPSP-evoked synchronization. The EPSP rising edge was best reproduced by the PSTF. However, whereas the EPSP rise time could be estimated quite accurately, especially for high EPSP amplitudes at high MN firing rates, the EPSP amplitude estimate was also influenced by factors unrelated to the synaptic volley, such as the afterhyperpolarization duration of the MN or the amplitude of synaptic noise, which cannot be directly assessed in human experiments. Thus, the attempts to scale any estimate of the EPSP amplitude in millivolts appear to be useless. The decaying phase of the EPSP cannot be reproduced accurately by any of the functions. For the short EPSPs, it is extinguished by the generation of an action potential and a subsequent decrease in the MN excitability. For longer EPSPs, it is inseparable from the secondary effects of synchronization. Thus, the methods aimed at extracting information about long-lasting and complex postsynaptic potentials from stimulus-correlated MN firing, should be refined, and the theoretical considerations checked in computer simulations.
iPhone Open Application Development: Write Native Applications Using the Open Source Tool Chain, 2nd edition
Authors: Jonathan Zdziarski
Venue:  (2008)

"Great for beginners -- even if you don't know object-oriented programming, you can learn from examples on the 'Net and be on your way very soon. You will be able to confidently build apps that rival the ones included by Apple itself." -- Josh Content, iPhone Developer Developers everywhere are eager to create applications for the iPhone, and many of them prefer the open source, community-developed tool chain to Apple's own toolkit. In this new edition of iPhone Open Application Development, author Jonathan Zdziarski covers the latest version of the open toolkit -- now updated for Apple's iPhone 2.x software and iPhone 3G -- and explains in clear language how to create applications using Objective-C and the iPhone API. Zdziarski, who cracked the iPhone code and built the first fully-functional application with the open toolkit, includes detailed recipes and complete examples for graphics and audio programming, games programming with the CoreSurfaces and CoreImage interfaces, working with iTunes, and using sensors. With the open toolkit and this book, you can build iPhone applications that: Display status bars, preference tables, and other standard elements of the iPhone user interface Play pre-recorded files or program-generated sounds Read and write plain text files and HTML files, including pages from the Web, and control display elements, such as scrollbars Read and respond to changes in orientation when the user turns the phone around And more. The first edition of this book developed an instant following and became the center of a movement. The second edition of iPhone Open Application Development will make this open source toolkit an indispensable part of iPhone applicationdevelopment.
Fuzzy expert systems and challenge of new product pricing
Authors: Alireza Haji, Morteza Assadi
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2009)

This paper is focused on the representation and treatment of knowledge and data uncertainty within the context of an important industrial challenge, i.e., new product pricing. The most well known participating factor in pricing process is cost meanwhile the other factors like customer value and firm's strategy should be considered in the pricing process, as well. Besides, there are other important factors like the risks that consumer bear in purchasing new product which must be carefully analyzed and considered. Nonetheless, many of these factors are blended with uncertainty. In recent decades, fuzzy logic was well developed and implemented in many applications to treat vagueness in complicated systems. Finding the pricing process a critical and complicated process which includes many vague parameters, we tried to design a fuzzy expert system to cope with this challenge. In this paper, after a brief introduction of fuzzy logic which has revealed a methodology to work with uncertainty and imitate humans reasoning, the pricing factors are introduced. Then a fuzzy expert system is designed to find the appropriate price of the new product considering the related parameters.
A new fast heuristic for labeling points
Authors: Sasanka Roy, Subhasis Bhattacharjee, Sandip Das, Subhas C. Nandy
Venue: Information Processing Letters (2009)

In the point site labeling problem, we are given a set P={p"1,p"2,...,p"n} of point sites in the plane. The label of a point p"i is an axis-parallel rectangle of specified size. The objective is to label the maximum number of points on the map so that the placed labels are mutually non-overlapping. Here, we investigate a special class of the point site labeling problem where (i) height of the labels of all the points are same but their lengths may differ, (ii) the label of a point p"i touches the point at one of its four corners, and (iii) the label of one point does not obscure any other point in P. We describe an efficient heuristic algorithm for this problem which runs in O(nn) time in the worst case. We run our algorithm as well as the algorithm Rules proposed by Wagner et al. on randomly generated point sets and on the available benchmarks. The results produced by our algorithm are almost the same as Rules in most of the cases. But our algorithm is faster than Rules in dense instance. We have also computed the optimum solutions for all the examples we have considered by designing an algorithm, which performs an exhaustive search in the worst case. We found that the exhaustive search algorithm runs reasonably fast for most of the examples we have considered.
Design and Implementation of State Machine Based Distributed Transaction in the ForCES Router
Authors: Zhonghai Sun, Weiming Wang, Fenggen Jia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 03 (2009)

ForCES (Forwarding and Control Element Separation) architecture brought forward by IETF shows great advantages for network devices such as routers, wireless base stations and etc to be flexible, programmable, and cost-effective. This paper researches on the transaction mechanism in ForCES router, based on the analysis of transaction requirement of ForCES, two phase commit algorithm is intro-duced and a state-machine based transaction implementation scheme is proposed. ForCES router test bed is built. The experiment result verifies the correctness and feasibility of the transaction mechanism proposed and imple-mented.
Co-occurrence Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Tomoki Watanabe, Satoshi Ito, Kentaro Yokoi
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to detect pedestrians from images. This paper proposes a method for extracting feature descriptors consisting of co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG). Including co-occurrence with various positional offsets, the feature descriptors can express complex shapes of objects with local and global distributions of gradient orientations. Our method is evaluated with a simple linear classifier on two famous pedestrian detection benchmark datasets: "DaimlerChrysler pedestrian classification benchmark dataset" and "INRIA person data set". The results show that proposed method reduces miss rate by half compared with HOG, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both datasets.
Streaming association rule (SAR) mining with a weighted order-dependent representation of Web navigation patterns
Authors: YongSeog Kim
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

This paper considers a problem of finding predictive and useful association rules with a new Web mining algorithm, a streaming association rule (SAR) model. We first adopt a weighted order-dependent scheme (assigning more weights for early visited pages) rather than taking a traditional Boolean scheme (assigning 1 for visited and 0 for non-visited pages). This way, we intend to improve the limited representation of navigation patterns in previous association rule mining (ARM) algorithms. We also note that most traditional association rule models are not scalable because they require multiple scans of all records to re-calibrate a predictive model when there are new updates in original databases. The proposed SAR model takes a ''divide-and-conquer'' approach and requires only single scan of data sets to avoid the curse of dimensionality. Through comparative experiments on a real-world data set, we show that prediction models based on a weighted order-dependent representation are more accurate in predicting the next moves of Web navigators than models based on a Boolean representation. In particular, when combined with several heuristics developed to eliminate redundant association rules, SAR models show a very comparable prediction accuracy while maintaining a small fraction of association rules compared to traditional ARM models. Finally, we quantify and graphically show the significance or contribution of each pages to forming unique rule sets in each database segments.
Research of NIDS in IPV6 Based on Protocol Analysis and Pattern Matching
Authors: Shu-qiang Huang, Huan-ming Zhang, Guo-xiang Yao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2009)

Some network intrusion security problems of IPv6 are researched and summarized In this paper. And this paper introduces the model of general IDS and the framework of NIDS of Ipv6. Aiming at the structure characters of IPv6 protocols, a new research method of network intrusion detection system based on protocol analysis and multi-pattern matching is put forward. Protocol analysis technology can find protocol suspicious action quickly, and pattern matching technology can detect deep attack action by character matching. Finally, a detailed designing scheme and testing result are provided.
Predictable dynamic instruction scratchpad for simultaneous multithreaded processors
Authors: Stefan Metzlaff, Sascha Uhrig, Jörg Mische, Theo Ungerer
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications, systems and architecture (2008)

For precise timing analysis of hard-real applications a predictable memory system is of particular importance. Caches have a great impact on performance, but at the cost of reduced timing predictability. Conventional scratchpads, i.e. statically managed on-chip memories, provide predictable memory accesses, but they are usually badly utilized. Better memory utilization is allowed by dynamically managed scratchpads that are designed for predictability. In this paper we propose a function scratchpad that is dynamically managed in hardware and provides a predictable timing behavior. The function scratchpad exploits a simultaneous multithreaded architecture to increase the pipeline and memory bandwidth utilization while preserving predictability.