ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Improving the System/Software Engineering Interface for Complex System Development
Authors: Stephanie M. White
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2005)

At the 2004 Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS) Technical Committee meeting, the ECBS Executive Committee agreed that a guideline on Integrated System and Software Engineering would be beneficial to engineers working at the interface, and they agreed to work on such a guideline. This paper is written in the hope that it will serve as a basis for a discussion group, initiating such a guideline. This paper seeks to improve the integrated system/software engineering process during the phases when system and software developers work most closely together. These phases are system problem definition, software requirements analysis and specification, system solution analysis, and process planning. Lessons learned during twenty years, while working with system and software engineers to define requirements and solutions on aerospace projects are summarized. During this time, problems were noted and their cause determined. As a result, advice is provided.
A novel framework for IP DiffServ over optical burst switching networks
Authors: Ke-Ping Long, Yun Li, Rodney S. Tucker, Chong-Gang Wang
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2004)

This paper presents a novel framework for IP Differentiated Services (DiffServ) over optical burst switching (OBS), namely, DS-OBS. The network architecture, functional model of edge nodes and core nodes, the control packet format, a novel burst, assembly scheme at ingress nodes and scheduling algorithm of core nodes are presented. The basic idea is to apply DiffServ capable burst assembly at ingress nodes and perform different per hop behavior (PHB) electronic treatments for control packets of different QoS class services at core nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can provide the best differentiated service for expedited forwarding (EF), assured forwarding (AF) and best, effort (BE) services in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput and IP packet loss probability.
Cray 1 v. Cyber 205: some comparisons
Authors: Clive Temperton
Venue: ACM SIGNUM Newsletter (1983)

During the past five years I have had the good fortune to be able to work on two of the world's fastest computers, the Cray-1 (at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) and the Cyber 205 (at the UK Meteorological Office). A comparison between the two machines is clearly of interest not only to potential users but also to a more general audience. In this article I will point out some of the differences between the two machines, and the impact these differences have on the way in which certain problems should be formulated and programmed. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Hybridising Rule Induction and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Search for Optimising Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Laetitia Jourdan, David Corne, Dragan Savic, Godfrey Walters
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2004)

In this article, we present our latest work with a hybrid multiobjective evolutionary algorithm called LEMMO (Learnable Evolution Model for Multi-Objective Optimization) which integrates machine learning into evolutionary search based on Michalski's "LEM" approach. The objective is to both improve the performance of the MOEA and to reduce the number of evaluations needed when used for optimising the design of water distribution networks (where evaluations are highly computationally costly). We compare LEMMO with NSGA-II and conclude that our approach is very promising for improved speed and quality in the water systems optimisation domain.
SWARP: a retargetable preprocessor for multimedia instructions: Research Articles
Authors: Gilles Pokam, Stéphane Bihan, Julien Simonnet, François Bodin
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2004)

In this paper, we propose SWARP, a retargetable preprocessor for exploiting multimedia instructions. The system mixes loop distribution, unrolling and pattern matching to exploit complex multimedia instructions. Contrary to all available systems, it can be extended at the user level. Using with a TriMedia processor we show that our system achieves important good code quality with a set of frequently used loop kernels for multimedia applications. Copyright &copy; 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Aspect-Oriented Approach to Mobile Agent Access Control
Authors: Dianxiang Xu, Vivek Goel
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume I - Volume 01 (2005)

This paper presents an aspect-oriented approach to access control in mobile agent systems, where a multipoint security check mechanism visualizes the services of a host as individual components and access of each will require authentication. Since the security check crosscuts various functional components of mobile agents and their platforms, it is naturally handled in the aspect-oriented paradigm. This approach is suitable not only for developing mobile agent systems from scratch, but also for enhancing legacy mobile agent systems. We demonstrate our approach through a case study.
Programmatically testing concurrency in J2EE web applications
Authors: Brian Mulanda, Bruce Mechtly
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2004)

In this paper we present a Java GUI application and a corresponding web application that demonstrate data corruption in non thread-safe J2EE web applications. The application allows the user to create a number of threads that will cause nearly simultaneous connections to a web server, simulating use of the web server concurrently by multiple clients. Our web application contains deliberate design flaws so that it will show data corruption under even moderate concurrent use. We discuss the conditions under which corruption occurs and show how to make thread-safe web applications using servlets and JavaServerPages.
Accurate and Complexity-Effective Spatial Pattern Prediction
Authors: Chi F. Chen, Se-Hyun Yang, Babak Falsafi, Andreas Moshovos
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (2004)

Recent research suggests that there are large variations in a cacheýs spatial usage, both within and across programs. Unfortunately, conventional caches typically employ fixed cache line sizes to balance the exploitation of spatial and temporal locality, and to avoid prohibitive cache fill bandwidth demands. The resulting inability of conventional caches to exploit spatial variations leads to sub-optimal performance and unnecessary cache power dissipation. This paper describes the Spatial Pattern Predictor (SPP), a cost-effective hardware mechanism that accurately predicts reference patterns within a spatial group (i.e., a contiguous region of data in memory) at runtime. The key observation enabling an accurate, yet low-cost, SPP design is that spatial patterns correlate well with instruction addresses and data reference offsets within a cache line. We require only a small amount of predictor memory to store the predicted patterns. Simulation results for a 64-Kbyte 2-way set-associative L1 data cache with 64-byte lines show that: (1) a 256-entry tag-less direct-mapped SPP can achieve, on average, a prediction coverage of 95%, overpredicting the patterns by only 8%, (2) assuming a 70nm process technology, the SPP helps reduce leakage energy in the base cache by 41% on average, incurring less than 1% performance degradation, and (3) prefetching spatial groups of up to 512 bytes using SPP improves execution time by 33% on average and up to a factor of two.
Delayed reward-based genetic algorithms for partially observable Markov decision problems
Authors: Yoshihide Yamashiro, Atsushi Ueno, Hideaki Takeda
Venue: Systems and Computers in Japan (2004)

Reinforcement learning often involves assuming Markov characteristics. However, the agent cannot always observe the environment completely, and in such cases, different states are observed as the same state. In this research, the authors develop a Delayed Reward-based Genetic Algorithm for POMDP (DRGA) as a means to solve a partially observable Markov decision problem (POMDP) which has such perceptual aliasing problems. The DRGA breaks down the POMDP into several subtasks, and then solves the POMDP by breaking down the agent into several subagents. Each subagent acquires policies adapted to the environment based on the delayed rewards from the environment, and these policies are evolved using a genetic algorithm based on the delayed rewards. The agent adapts to the environment by combining effective policies that remain after natural selection. The authors apply this method to maze search problems in which perception is limited in order to demonstrate its validity. &copy; 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(2): 66&ndash;78, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002&sol;scj.10230
Analysis of toggle protocols
Authors: Jan Pachl
Venue: Distributed Computing (1991)

The paper deals with the problem of managing full and empty slots in a slotted ring network. Two solutions are formally described and proved correct. The first solution is deterministic; it recovers in O(N) round trips after the last error, where N is the number of nodes in the network. The second solution is randomized; the expected number of round trips to recovery after the last error is O(ln N).
Early Appraisals of Electronic Voting
Authors: Paul S. Herrnson Benjamin B. Bederson Bongshin Lee, Peter L. Francia, Robert M. Sherman Frederick G. Conrad Michael Traugott, Richard G. Niemi
Venue: Social Science Computer Review (2005)

With the recent troubles in U.S. elections, there has been a nationwide push to update voting systems. States and localities are investing heavily in electronic voting systems, many of which use a touch screen. These systems offer the promise of faster and more accurate voting; however, the current reality is that they have some shortcomings in terms of voter usability. This study examines issues related to the usability of electronic voting systems and reports on a series of usability studies that involved expert review, close observation, a field test, and an exit poll to learn voters'responses to a new voting system. Our analysis shows these systems work well; however, they have some shortcomings including some that have raised concerns among a minority of voters.
From Action to Sound: A Challenging Perspective for Haptics
Authors: Annie Luciani, Jean-Loup Florens, Nicolas Castagne
Venue: Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2005)

The link from action to sound is under-explored in Virtual Realities. The article categorizes the action-sound relations, proposing the term "ergotic" to refer to the case when there is a mechanical interaction between the subject and the sound source. Force-feedback devices and physically based models are indeed required for implementing virtual ergotic action-sound systems, able to engrave the energetic consistency of the physical action in the sound.
Flattening Curved Documents in Images
Authors: Jian Liang, Daniel DeMenthon, David Doermann
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02 (2005)

Compared to scanned images, document pictures captured by camera can suffer from distortions due to perspective and page warping. It is necessary to restore a frontal planar view of the page before other OCR techniques can be applied. In this paper we describe a novel approach for flattening a curved document in a single picture captured by an uncalibrated camera. To our knowledge this is the first reported method able to process general curved documents in images without camera calibration. We propose to model the page surface by a developable surface, and exploit the properties (parallelism and equal line spacing) of the printed textual content on the page to recover the surface shape. Experiments show that the output images are much more OCR friendly than the original ones. While our method is designed to work with any general developable surfaces, it can be adapted for typical special cases including planar pages, scans of thick books, and opened books.
An evaluation of random input test for the verification of circuit realizations
Authors: Yoshiaki Wakimura, Yoshihiro Tohma
Venue: ACM SIGDA Newsletter (1979)

This paper evaluates the capability of a random input test for the verification that a given circuit correctly realizes its specification.
Ergonomic criteria adapted to human virtual environment interaction
Authors: Cédric Bach, Dominique Scapin
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th French-speaking conference on human-computer interaction on 15eme Conference Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine (2003)

This paper introduces a version of Ergonomic Criteria adapted to HVEIs (Human Virtual Environment Interactions) which have been tested for validity. An experiment based on an assignment task (Ergonomic Criteria to usability problems) has been conducted to ensure appropriate understanding of the different criteria. The results of this study identify criteria that are clearly understood and criteria that need further improvement.
Computer aided design and design automation in Europe
Authors: Waldo G. Magnuson
Venue: ACM SIGDA Newsletter (1976)

The development of CAD and DA in Italy and Germany compares closely with that in Britain. Germany, although lagging behind the US in computer utilization in engineering design, appeared to have better and more numerous contacts with US research in CAD and DA than either Italy or Britain has. Philips in Holland is taking a very aggressive approach to developing company coordination in CAD. Similarly, Siemens in Germany has a sizable group in CAD. Olivetti in Italy over the years, has developed extensive DA systems quite independent of other research. Among the universities, the University of Karlsruhe, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt and University of Bologna and have active and excellent research programs in CAD and DA.
Superconvergence of Discontinuous Finite Element Solutions for Transient Convection--diffusion Problems
Authors: Slimane Adjerid, Andreas Klauser
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2005)

We present a study of the local discontinuous Galerkin method for transient convection--diffusion problems in one dimension. We show that p-degree piecewise polynomial discontinuous finite element solutions of convection-dominated problems are O(¿x p+2) superconvergent at Radau points. For diffusion- dominated problems, the solution's derivative is O(¿x p+2) superconvergent at the roots of the derivative of Radau polynomial of degree p+1. Using these results, we construct several asymptotically exact a posteriori finite element error estimates. Computational results reveal that the error estimates are asymptotically exact.
Interoperability of MANET and 4G RAN Routing in Terms of Energy Conservation
Authors: Harri Paloheimo, Antti Yla--Jaaski
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 1 (2005)

The requirements for telecommunication at 2012 are estimated to be on such demanding level that the 3G technologies will not be sufficient. It is unlikely that the 3G Radio Access Network (RAN) would scale up, i.e., Fourth Generation (4G) RAN has to be redesigned. The requirements for 4G are demanding and the level of uncertainty is high. The developed ad hoc networking technologies could provide flexible solutions for the 4G RAN and extend the operator radio coverage. Combining these differing communication approaches provides insight for the 4G RAN design. This paper analyses the Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) requirements against the 4G requirements in terms of energy conservation. The results describe, how these two approaches could co-exist in a mutually beneficial way. Our finding is that there is mismatch between the requirements. We propose solutions for interoperable requirements for MANET and 4G routing in terms of energy conservation.
Single Machine Batch Scheduling Problem with Resource Dependent Setup and Processing Time in the Presence of Fuzzy Due Date
Authors: Kanthen K. Harikrishnan, Hiroaki Ishii
Venue: Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making (2005)

We consider a batch scheduling problem on a single machine which processes jobs with resource dependent setup and processing time in the presence of fuzzy due-dates given as follows:1. There are n independent non-preemptive and simultaneously available jobs processed on a single machine in batches. Each job j has a processing time and a due-date.2. All jobs in a batch are completed together upon the completion of the last job in the batch. The batch processing time is equal to the sum of the processing times of its jobs. A common machine setup time is required before the processing of each batch.3. Both the job processing times and the setup time can be compressed through allocation of a continuously divisible resource. Each job uses the same amount of the resource. Each setup also uses the same amount of the resource.4. The due-date of each job is flexible. That is, a membership function describing non-decreasing satisfaction degree about completion time of each job is defined.5. Under above setting, we find an optimal batch sequence and resource values such that the total weighted resource consumption is minimized subject to meeting the job due-dates, and minimal satisfaction degree about each due-date of each job is maximized. But usually we cannot optimize two objectives at a time. So we seek non-dominated pairs i.e. the batch sequence and resource value, after defining dominance between solutions.A polynomial algorithm is constructed based on linear programming formulations of the corresponding problems.
On Orbit Spatial Resolution Estimation of CBERS-1 CCD Camera
Authors: Kamel Bensebaa, Gerald J. F. Banon, Leila M. G. Fonseca
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics (2004)

The first China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-1) launched in 1999 has been developed by China and Brazil. It carries on-board a multisensor payload with different spatial resolutions called: Wide Field Imager (WFI), High Resolution CCD Camera (CCD) and Infrared Multispectral Scanner (IR-MSS). The performance of these sensors can be evaluated through the Point Spread Function (PSF) that enables an objective assessment of the spatial resolution. This work describes an approach to estimate on-orbit CBERS-1 CCD spatial resolution using an image of a black square target on the Gobi desert (China). The results show that the spatial resolution in across-track direction is not complied to the design specification for all bands whereas the spatial resolution in along-track direction is conform to the specification for all bands, except the band 4.
Structural and Epistemic Parameters in Communities of Practice
Authors: Mark Thompson
Venue: Organization Science (2005)

If communities of practice (Lave and Wenger 1991) are best understood as fluid social relations, enacted among a self-selected group of participants, then are they best left alone, free from "interference" by organizational managers and policymakers? Or are there ways in which organizations can provide helpful support to such communities, without constraining the delicate dynamic by which they are sustained?This paper supports the latter position, arguing that organizations should sponsor the creation of certain loose organizational structures, around which it is hoped that communities of practice may then interact. However, some recent empirical research is presented suggesting that attempts to control group interaction by introducing too much structure are likely to result in the demise of the community itself. It is therefore proposed that there are lower and upper parameters for structural intervention in communities of practice.It is suggested that such communities also haveepistemic parameters, where participants' willingness to express their ideas as conceptual boundary objects around which others may engage and develop ideas is a minimum requirement, but where too much inward communicative focus is likely to result in gradual loss of meaning, with a negative effect on the community. In developing this position, this paper attempts to deepen our theoretical understanding of the interrelationship between organizational structure and the epistemic activity of members of communities of practice. Several practical implications of these insights are discussed for organizations wishing to cultivate and maintain communities of practice within their own working environments.
Relations between the continuous and the discrete Lotka power function: Research Articles
Authors: L. Egghe
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2005)

The discrete Lotka power function describes the number of sources (e.g., authors) with n = 1, 2, 3, &hellip; items (e.g., publications). As in econometrics, informetrics theory requires functions of a continuous variable j, replacing the discrete variable n. Now j represents item densities instead of number of items. The continuous Lotka power function describes the density of sources with item density j. The discrete Lotka function one obtains from data, obtained empirically; the continuous Lotka function is the one needed when one wants to apply Lotkaian informetrics, i.e., to determine properties that can be derived from the (continuous) model. It is, hence, important to know the relations between the two models. We show that the exponents of the discrete Lotka function (if not too high, i.e., within limits encountered in practice) and of the continuous Lotka function are approximately the same. This is important to know in applying theoretical results (from the continuous model), derived from practical data. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data Fusion in Radial Basis Function Networks for Spatial Regression
Authors: Tianming Hu, Sam Yuan Sung
Venue: Neural Processing Letters (2005)

Conventional radial basis function (RBF) networks for spatial regression assume independent and identical distribution and ignore spatial information. In contrast to input fusion, we push spatial information further into RBF networks by fusing output from hidden and output layers. Three case studies demonstrate the advantage of hidden fusion over others and indicate the optimal value is around 1 for the coefficient used in hidden fusion, which links the output from the hidden layer for each site with their neighbors.
Collision and Event Detection using Geometric Features in Spatio-Temporal Volumes
Authors: Mathieu Marquis Bolduc, Francois Deschenes
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian conference on Computer and Robot Vision (2005)

In video sequences, edges in 2D images (frames) produces 3D surface in the spatio-temporal volume. In this paper, we propose to consider temporal collisions between edges, and thus objects, as 3D ridges in the spatio-temporal volume. Collisions (i.e. ridge points) can be located using the maximum principal curvature and the principal curvature direction. Using the detected collisions, we then propose a technique to detect overlapping objects events in an image sequence, by neither computing depth or optical flow. We present successful experiments on real image sequences.