ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Analyzing MPI performance over 10-Gigabit ethernet
Authors: Justin (Gus) Hurwitz, Wu-chun Feng
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2005)

Recent work with 10-Gigabit (10GbE) network adapters has demonstrated good performance in TCP/IP-based local- and wide-area networks (LANs and WANs). In the present work we present an evaluation of host-based 10GbE adapters in a system-area network (SAN) in support of a cluster. This evaluation focuses on the performance of the message-passing interface (MPI) when running over a 10GbE interconnect. We find that MPI over 10GbE provides communications performance comparable to that of TCP alone and fairly competitive with more exotic technologies such as MPI over Quadrics. The optimization of MPI and MPI-based applications to make use of this performance, however, is a non-trivial task. Consequently, it is difficult for MPI-based applications to realize this performance when running current-generation 10GbE hardware.
Circuit Compatible Macromodeling of High-Speed VLSI Modules Characterized by Scattering Parameters
Authors: D. Saraswat, R. Achar, M. Nakhla
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (2006)

With the continually increasing operating frequencies, complex high-speed interconnect and package modules of VLSI systems require characterization based on measured/simulated scattering parameters. Several algorithms were recently suggested for macromodeling such type of data to enable unified transient analysis in the presence of external network elements. One of the critical issues involved here is the passivity violations associated with the computed macromodel. To address this issue, a new passivity check and enforcement algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed approach significantly reduces the computational time compared to the existing techniques. Examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Text-independent open-set speaker identification for military missions using genetic rule-based system
Authors: Jae C. Oh, Misty Blowers
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 workshops on Genetic and evolutionary computation (2005)

We present a genetic classifier system approach to the text-independent open-set speaker identification problem. Classifier systems are widely used in symbolic problem for dynamically changing open-ended learning. Signal processing problems require processing of real-valued parameters that classifier systems are not designed for. On the other hand, the approaches based on common cepstral encoding with clustering algorithms handle the closed-set speaker identification quite well. This research solves the open-set problem by hybridizing these two approaches.
Zero-Time Enterprise Modeling with Component Assembly and Process Model Optimization Techniques
Authors: WenAn Tan, Song Li, Fan Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

This paper presents a zero-time enterprise modeling method using component assembly and process model optimization techniques. The proposed method supports the application systems built on enterprise model with the dynamic-reconstructing ability to respond to market quickly. Using the proposed approach, customized enterprise model can be constructed rapidly by component assembly techniques with component base and industrial reference model; and enterprise business process model can be reengineered and optimized based on business process dynamic optimization techniques including process definition, simulation, optimization and enactment.
Update of Materialized WebView
Authors: Baili Zhang, Zhihui Sun, Wuqiao Jin
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

WebView materialization is an important technology in improving the performance of database-backed web server in terms of response time. However, it brings the WebView update problem since WebView should be updated online to maintain the freshness of queries. The online update will increase the system workload, and may severely degrade system performance if the update approach is not efficient enough. Currently, there is only few literatures addressing this problem. In this paper, a new framework for the materialized WebView update named OUDA (Opportunity & Deferred Update Approach) is proposed, which combines the asynchronous opportunity update and the deferred update methods together. The asynchronous opportunity update is adopted to make the best of the idle time of CPU to refresh the outdated WebViews as much as possible, and the deferred update is employed to refresh those requested WebViews which have not yet been updated by the opportunity update. OUDA not only guarantees the freshness of queries, but also greatly lessens the contest between update tasks and query service process. Our experiments indicate that OUDA is a more scalable and more efficient solution.
Comparison of Different Approaches for Mobile Advertising
Authors: Rebecca Bulander, Michael Decker, Gunther Schiefer, Bernhard Kolmel
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Commerce and Services (2005)

Mobile terminals, such as cellular phones and PDAs, have an enormous advertising potential: they are extremely popular and most people carry such devices with them all day, enabling personalized advertising. However, there is a serious danger that the Spam wave, known from e-mail communication, will spillover to mobile devices. In addition, it is important to take protection of private data seriously, because mobile terminals are also used for personal communication. In this article we discuss the special features and challenges of mobile advertising and introduce the MoMa-system for mobile advertising. MoMa supports personalized advertising using context information while guaranteeing data protection. We also name criteria for the comparison of mobile advertising systems and apply them to compare MoMa to other approaches.
On a Modified Subgradient Algorithm for Dual Problems via Sharp Augmented Lagrangian*
Authors: Regina S. Burachik, Rafail N. Gasimov, Nergiz A. Ismayilova, C. Yalçin. Kaya
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2006)

We study convergence properties of a modified subgradient algorithm, applied to the dual problem defined by the sharp augmented Lagrangian. The primal problem we consider is nonconvex and nondifferentiable, with equality constraints. We obtain primal and dual convergence results, as well as a condition for existence of a dual solution. Using a practical selection of the step-size parameters, we demonstrate the algorithm and its advantages on test problems, including an integer programming and an optimal control problem.
Resource usage analysis for a functional language with exceptions
Authors: Futoshi Iwama, Atsushi Igarashi, Naoki Kobayashi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Partial evaluation and semantics-based program manipulation (2006)

Igarashi and Kobayashi have proposed a general type system for checking whether resources such as files and memory are accessed in a valid manner. Their type system is, however, for call-by-value &lambda;-calculus with resource primitives, and does not deal with non-functional primitives such as exceptions and pointers. We extend their type system to deal with exception primitives and prove soundness of the type system. Dealing with exception primitives is especially important in practice, since many resource access primitives may raise exceptions. The extension is non-trivial: While Igarashi and Kobayashi's type system is based on linear types, our new type system is a combination of linear types and effect systems. We also report on a prototype analyzer based on the new type system.
Supporting Web User Interface Prototyping through Information Modeling and System Architecting
Authors: Xiaoying Kong, Li Liu, David Lowe
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Existing design methods used for developing webcentric systems are mostly adapted from methods for designing traditional software systems. Web-centric systems however differ from traditional software systems, in terms of both organizational and technical characteristics. Effective design methods for webcentric systems need to address these characteristics specific to web-centric systems. This paper proposes a design method for web-centric systems. The de-sign process comprises three steps: prototyping, information modeling and sys-tem architecture design. The method is differentiated from existing design methods in that the design process commences from user interface prototyping. Information modeling activities are further enhanced in this method. To cope with the complexity of web systems, each design step is partitioned into both structural modeling and behavioral modeling. The design method is illustrated by applying the method to the design of a commercial web application.
An informetric investigation of the relatedness of opportunistic infections to HIV/AIDS
Authors: Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha, Dennis N. Ocholla
Venue: Information Processing and Management: an International Journal (2005)

This work presents preliminary findings of a broader content analysis study of the AIDS literature as published and reflected in key bibliographic databases. Specifically, this study focuses on the relatedness of the AIDS-defining diseases in persons with documented HIV infection--otherwise known as Opportunistic Infections (OIs)--to HIV/AIDS by measuring their strengths of association. Ultimately, the project aims at assisting researchers and other stakeholders to identify new research areas and the linkages among these areas in HIV/AIDS research and assist policy makers to map the dynamics of HIV/AIDS research in order to do research planning and formulate appropriate policies. Among many other objectives, the current study sought to test the hypothesis that, through the analysis of published articles, one could show the disease-gene relationship. Documents related to OIs and HIV/AIDS were retrieved and downloaded from the MEDLINE database. The co-word analysis algorithm was used to calculate the strength S of association between the descriptors (i.e. the OIs and HIV/AIDS). The findings of this study correlate with the general observation by medical practitioners as regards the common OIs in AIDS patients. Those infections that are said to be the most common in HIV-infected persons exhibited stronger associations than the less common infections. The strength of association was highest with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) while it was lowest with Shigella. Whereas the association between the diseases and HIV/AIDS has weakened over the last two decades, relatively, there has been continued growth of literature, both on HIV/AIDS and OIs. Finally, this study strongly demonstrates the use of informetrics techniques in assessing the relatedness of a disease to the pathogens that are associated with it.
ARPA - A Technology Independent and Synthetizable System-on-Chip Model for Real-Time Applications
Authors: Arnaldo S. R. Oliveira, Valery A. Sklyarov, Antonio B. Ferrari
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (2005)

This paper describes the Advanced Real-time Processor Architecture (ARPA) System-on-Chip. The goal of this work is to create a technology independent and synthetizable System-on-Chip (SoC) model for real-time applications. The main component of the SoC is a MIPS32-based RISC processor. It is implemented using a pipelined simultaneous multithreading structure that supports the execution of more than one thread or task at a time. The synergy between pipelining and simultaneous multithreading allows combining the exploration of Instruction Level Parallelism and Task Level Parallelism, hide the context switching time and reduce the need of employing complex speculative execution techniques to improve the performance of the pipelined processor. A fundamental component of the ARPA SoC is the Operating System Coprocessor, which implements in hardware some of the operating systems functions, such as task scheduling, switching, communication and timing. The proposed architecture allows building flexible, high performance, time predictable and power efficient processors optimized for embedded real-time systems.
Are patches cutting it?: structuring distribution within a JVM using aspects
Authors: Jennifer Baldwin, Yvonne Coady
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

Distribution is hard to modularize. Consequently, its addition to a software system can jeopardize fundamental software engineering principles such as maintainability, understandability and evolvability. The distributed Java Virtual Machine (dJVM) is a cluster aware implementation of a JVM, designed specifically for evaluating distributed runtime support algorithms [1]. A prototype implementation of the dJVM relies on a patch file applied to IBM's Jikes Research Virtual Machine (RVM) [6], introducing distribution code into roughly 55% of the original 1500 files.An initial experiment using AspectJ [7] to introduce this same distribution code as aspects demonstrates the benefits of a modularized approach versus the original patched approach. Preliminary results show that aspects can improve the overall quality of the implementation from a software engineering perspective. Specifically, the aspects improved the internal structure of distribution code and made its external interaction explicit. Additionally, consolidating and structuring previously scattered code reduced its size by a factor of three.
Adaptive On-the-Fly Compression
Authors: Chandra Krintz, Sezgin Sucu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2006)

We present a system called the Adaptive Compression Environment (ACE) that automatically and transparently applies compression (on-the-fly) to a communication stream to improve network transfer performance. ACE uses a series of estimation techniques to make short-term forecasts of compressed and uncompressed transfer time at the 32KB block level. ACE considers underlying networking technology, available resource performance, and data characteristics as part of its estimations to determine which compression algorithm to apply (if any). Our empirical evaluation shows that, on average, ACE improves transfer performance given changing network types and performance characteristics by 8 to 93 percent over using the popular compression techniques that we studied (Bzip, Zlib, LZO, and no compression) alone.
SSIML/Behaviour: Designing Behaviour and Animation of Graphical Objects in Virtual Reality and Multimedia Applications
Authors: Arnd Vitzthum
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

The development of complex object behaviour in domains of interactive graphical applications such as desktop-Virtual Reality (desktop-VR) or multimedia is still a problem today. We attribute this situation to the lack of sophisticated concepts and tools for preimplementation behaviour specification and provide the tool-supported visual modelling language SSIML/Behaviour to address this problem. As an extension of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) our language allows the platform-independent behaviour description and can be easily integrated into UML tools. Moreover, it is possible to map SSIML/Behaviour models to platform-specific program code automatically.
Inductively coupled Cl2/N2 plasma: Experimental investigation and modeling
Authors: Gwan-Ha Kim, A. M. Efremov, Dong-Pyo Kim, Chang-Il Kim
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

In this work, we investigated the effect of the Cl"2/N"2 mixing ratio on both the plasma parameters and the volume densities of the neutral and the charged particles in inductively coupled plasma system. It was found that the addition of nitrogen to chlorine causes an increase in the electron temperature while the electron density and the total density of positive ions decrease. The analysis of Cl"2 dissociation kinetics showed the weak possibility of stepwise dissociation involving electronically excited metastable molecules N"2^*(A^3@S"u^+) as well as vibrationally excited nitrogen. Both plasma diagnostics and modeling gave a monotonic change of Cl atom density as a function of Cl"2/N"2 mixing ratio.
Additional Knowledge of Bus Invert Coding Schemes
Authors: Tina Lindkvist
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

In this paper we introduce new knowledge about bus invert coding schemes. We give a condition on the system which, if it is fulfilled, tells us that no more reduction in energy dissipation can be made, even if more than one state ahead is known. We also verify that this condition is fulfilled in two known bus invert coding schemes.
Knowledge engineering problems during expert system development
Authors: Douglas Walter J. Chubb
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1984)

Expert systems are artificial intelligence computer programs which emulate human expertise within some domain of interest. The recent financial successes of such expert systems as PROSPECTOR and XCON have created a demand in government and industry for the developmental skills necessary to build such systems. Expert system knowledge engineering and in particular knowledge acquisition continues to be the most difficult process encountered during expert system develpment. Reasons for knowledge acquisition difficulties find their basis in philosophical assumptions made about the cognitive process. The assumptions are that human cognition consists of discrete elements which may be characterized (by some introspection) to produce an expert system rule; secondly, that the processing requirements for expert domain heuristics is equivalent to the processing requirements for a deterministic rule set. Suggestions for improving the knowledge engineering process are offered.
Integrity checking for process hardening
Authors: Steve J. Chapin
Venue:  (2005)

Computer intrusions can occur in various ways. Many of them occur by exploiting program flaws and system configuration errors. Existing solutions that detects specific kinds of flaws are substantially different from each other, so aggregate use of them may be incompatible and require substantial changes in the current system and computing practice. Intrusion detection systems may not be the answer either, because they are inherently inaccurate and susceptible to false positives/negatives. This dissertation presents a taxonomy of security flaws that classifies program vulnerabilities into finite number of error categories, and presents a security mechanism that can produce accurate solutions for many of these error categories in a modular fashion. To be accurate, a solution should closely match the characteristic of the target error category. To ensure this, we focus only on error categories whose characteristics can be defined in terms of a violation of process integrity. The thesis of this work is that the proposed approach produces accurate solutions for many error categories. To prove the accuracy of produced solutions, we define the process integrity checking approach and analyze its properties. To prove that this approach can cover many error categories, we develop a classification of program security flaws and find error characteristics (in terms of a process integrity) from many of these categories. We implement proof-of-concept solutions for two most prevalent error categories, the buffer overflow and the race condition, and analyze their accuracy and performance.
MRI Image Segmentation Using Unsupervised Clustering Techniques
Authors: D. Selvathi, A. Arulmurgan, S. Thamarai Selvi, S. Alagappan
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (2005)

In medical image visualization and analysis, segmentation is an indispensable step in the processing of images. MR has become a particularly useful medical diagnostic tool for cases involving soft tissues, such as in brain imaging. The aim of our research is to develop an effective algorithm for the segmentation of the MRI images. This paper discusses the use and implementation of Fuzzy C Means Clustering and genetic algorithm (GA) for an automatic segmentation of White Matter (WM), Gray Matter (GM), Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF), the extra cranial regions and the presence of Tumor regions. The results were analyzed and compared with the reference gold standard obtained from radiologists.
DNS and LES of decaying isotropic turbulence with and without frame rotation using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Huidan Yu, Sharath S. Girimaji, Li-Shi Luo
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2005)

The objective of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) as a computational tool for performing direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent flows. Decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) in inertial and rotating frames is considered for this investigation. We perform three categories of simulations. The first category involves LBE-DNS of HIT. In the inertial frame of reference, the decay exponents of the kinetic energy k, the dissipation rate @e and the low wave-number scaling of the energy spectrum are studied. The LBE results agree well with established classical results. In the case of turbulence subject to frame rotation, the LBE simulations confirm that the energy decay rate decreases with Rossby number as the energy cascade is inhibited by rotation. Second, we carry out LBE-LES for decaying HIT in inertial frame. We compute kinetic energy decay, energy spectrum and flow structures. By comparing LBE-LES and LBE-DNS results, we observe that LBE-LES accurately captures prominent large scale flow behavior. We find that the Smagorinsky constant C"S in LBE-LES should be smaller than the typical value used in traditional Navier-Stokes (NS) LES approaches. Finally, we compare the LBE-LES and NS-LES (of comparable order of numerical accuracy) results for HIT and observe that the LBE-LES simulations appear to preserve instantaneous flow fields somewhat more accurately. Our results clearly indicate that the LBE method can accurately capture important features of decaying HIT and is potentially a reliable computational tool for turbulence simulations.
Enhancing Global and Synchronous Distance Learning and Teaching by Using Instant Transcript and Translation
Authors: Ivan Ho, Hajime Kiyohara, Akira Sugimoto, Kazuo Yana
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

The dramatic increases in computing power and bandwidth over the past decade and more have enabled significant improvements in the global learning environment via distance education. Yet, while distance education has dramatically reduced the barriers between different geographic regions, it has not yet had a similar impact on reducing the barriers between different languages. This paper discusses a system that helps non-native English students to better understand lectures that are delivered in English via the Internet in distance learning environments. The system integrates speech recognition, a language parser, and machine translation to instantly generate transcripts of lectures and display them simultaneously with audio and video streams. We present the method, design, functionality, and implementation issues, which provide a synchronous and interactive distance learning environment in which non-native English students can learn materials in English more easily.