ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Misuse and limitations of simulation as a business research technique: Some comments
Authors: Aharon G. Beged Dov
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual Design Automation Conference (1969)

With the advent of the computer, simulation has received serious attention from both the academic community and industry. The pathbreaking work of Forrester (industrial dynamics) [12], Cohen (management gaming) [6], Clarkson (portfolio selection [5], Bonini (information flow within the firm) [2], and so on, and the many industrial applications reported in the literature leave no doubt that simulation is a versatile technique well suited for the study of some complex problems confronting the firm. According to Morgenthaler It has not been possible thus far...to reduce the operation of a large business activity to a few simple equations. Analytical techniques may not exist for solving the mathematical formulation once it has been achieved...Even when analysts have the confidence and ability to arrive at a theoretical prediction of the behavior of a large system, it may not be possible to perform validating experiments...When any of these difficulties occur, as they do daily in the attempts...to tackle previously untouched, unmanageable problems, some form of simulation is the obvious tool to be tried. [14]
A system for general-purpose analog-digital computation
Authors: Walter F. Bauer, George P. West
Venue: Proceedings of the 1956 11th ACM national meeting (1956)

Concerning the age-old argument on the relative merits of analog and digital computation, it has been said that the true future for scientific computation involves the union of the equipments by means of an analog-digital converting device. In this period prior to the digital computer with fractional-microsecond arithmetic commands and memory accesses, it appears that for many problems such a union is necessary. Or, from another point of view, considerable machine time savings can be realized from such a union. The Digital Computing Center and the Analog Computing Center of The Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation have cooperatively arranged for the design and construction of a general purpose analog-digital conversion device, the system point of view of which will be discussed here especially in relation to the digital computer. The conversion equipment will be obtained on a contract with the Epsco Company of Boston, Massachusetts, and is scheduled for delivery in October 1956. The conversion and control techniques are the result of Epsco developments with the system organization and specifications the responsibility of The Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. The equipment will tie in the Univac Scientific Model 1103A digital computer with a large analog computer installation consisting mostly of Electronic Associates Corporation equipment. The 1103A computer is a large-scale system consisting of 4096 words of magnetic core memory, Uniservo magnetic tapes (up to 10 in number) for input-output and auxiliary storage, and a magnetic drum of 16,384 word capacity. Computing speeds for the equipment are approximately 50 microseconds for addition and 250 microseconds for multiplication (times include memory accesses). The analog equipment consists of 300 operational amplifiers including 108 integrating amplifiers, 16 resolvers, 24 servo multipliers, function generating equipment, and a number of x-y and six-channel recorders. The equipment has 3 operating consoles and can be used on as many as 6 independent problems at one time. The conversion equipment will have sufficient speed and accuracy so that analog results will not be degraded in the translation from analog to digital form. There will be 15 conversion channels each way &mdash; that is, 15 analog-to-digital channels and 15 digital-to-analog channels. The authors believe this system, with the analog-to-digital tie-in effected, will be one of the most powerful computation facilities available.
ARPANET performance tuning techniques
Authors: James G. Herman
Venue: Proceedings of the Computer Network Performance Symposium (1982)

As part of its operation and maintenance of the ARPANET for the past twelve years, BBN has been asked to investigate a number of cases of degradation in network performance. This presentation discusses the practical methods and tools used to uncover and correct the causes of these service problems. A basic iterative method of hypothesis generation, experimental data gathering, and analysis is described. Emphasis is placed on the need for experienced network analysts to direct the performance investigation and for the availability of network programmers to provide special purpose modifications to the network node software in order to probe the causes of the traffic patterns under observation. Many typical sources of performance problems are described, a detailed list of the tools used by the analyst are given, and a list of basic techniques provided. Throughout the presentation specific examples from actual ARPANET performance studies are used to illustrate the points made.
T. A. G. traffic study in building layouts
Authors: Franz S. Veit
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop (1973)

The involvement of the computer in architectural design is aimed, to a large extent, at the generation of conceptual layouts - topologies - for arrangement problems. (&ldquo;Topology&rdquo;, according to encyclopedia Britannica: a geometry in which the shape and size of configurations are umimportant, the object of the study being rather the connectivity of the figure.) The computer generated topology will serve as a basis for further planning efforts leading to an architectural plan solution. An attempt to derive from the computer a more mature architectural solution, by the inclusion of a wider range of objectives into the optimization procedures, will face problems. An alternative approach would be to treat sequentially, rather than simultaneously, the consideration of additional objectives. This may not improve the objectivity of the approach but it would certainly make the built-in assumptions more transparent to the user of the programs. Some of the interdependencies which exist in the finding of solutions for individual objectives would have to be sacrificed, but despite these disadvantages, the sequential approach appears to be a more manageable one and such a procedure is described in this paper.
Development and application of a simple product development and marketing strategy model
Authors: A. J. Lipinski, D. W. Ross, D. M. Salmon
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

A P L statement (the operating statement) was used as a foundation for a simple strategy model that helped evaluate changes in marketing and product development strategy. The usefulness of the model is being extended by an optimization technique and by adding the value model of the decision-maker.
Cost effective methods for teaching introductory programming courses
Authors: Thomas C. Richards
Venue: Proceedings of the thirteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1982)

A number of experiments in teaching introductory programming courses in a cost effective manner have been conducted by the author using a personalized system of instruction. Languages experimented with included FORTRAN, COBOL AND PL/I. The problems of procrastination and non-completion of course work were partly overcome by the author's unique solutions to these problems.
The user-designer conflict and its resolution
Authors: Aaron H Konstam
Venue: Proceedings of the seventeenth annual computer personnel research conference (1980)

The first system designer-user conflict occurred fairly early in our historical tradition. We read in the first two chapters of the Bible (1) a story about a system designer who spent six long time periods designing and implementing the system which we call the world. At several stages in the design and implementation periods, we read, that this designer and builder, whose techniques are widely studied, stopped, reviewed the progress of the job and commented on its goodness. At the end of the sixth time period this designer turned over his system to two users and went off to take a well-deserved rest. Tradition tells us that at the point it was turned over to these two somewhat unsophisticated users the system was perfect. We learn that very shortly thereafter the users used the system contrary to the designer's instructions and system performance has never been the same since. There are even those who say that after continued misuse of the system by subsequent users, the designer-builder of the system withdrew all further system support, leaving the users to fend for themselves (2).
A system for computer assisted planning (Planning ADES)
Authors: Allan Cytryn, William H. Parsons
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

A system for computer-assisted space planning is presented. The capabilities of the computer assisted process are outlined and compared to traditional manual methods. A method for gathering data suitable for CAD is discussed, along with programs for the &ldquo;stacking&rdquo;, layout, and evaluation of plans. A methodology for the use of the system is also presented. The programs and techniques discussed have been implemented and used successfully in the space planning of two office facilities, each with nearly 1000 employees and over 250,000 square feet of space.
A discrete event simulation for the management of surgical suite scheduling
Authors: Alfred W. Jones, Vinod K. Sahney, Ali Kurtoglu
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual symposium on Simulation (1983)

This research into operating room scheduling procedures led to the development of an interactive simulation model written in the simulation language SLAM II. It serves as part of a larger decision support system for the management of hospital surgical suites. The paper presents the problem in detail, describes the systems model, gives an example for a suite of eight rooms and twelve surgical type operations, and shows the structure of the coding. The methods presented here have wide applicability and may be used whenever one is concerned with scheduling policies involving advanced bookings.
The multiplier effect of computing literacy on user services
Authors: Lynda Sloan, Antony Halaris
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1984)

COMPUTING MAY BE USED in any or all of the following areas within an educational institution: instruction, research, and educational administration. The first two areas involve faculty, students, and researchers. The latter involves the educational administrator. All three user groups are, or will be, involved in integrating computing into their daily professional lives. The degree to which this will happen will depend on the ability of the academic community to understand where and how to apply computing in their respective areas. The ability to understand and use computers as a problem-solving tool has come to be known as &ldquo;computing literacy.&rdquo; Within the last five years, the development of computing literacy has been one of the more urgent concerns within educational institutions. The nontechnologist is not oriented towards the use of the computer as a problem-solving tool. Helping the individual to achieve computing literacy is an essential activity for brining about behavioral change and reaching this goal. Some of the issues that must be addressed as part of implementing a computing literacy program are to: &bull; Understand the environment for which it must be developed &bull; Develop a working definition of computing literacy that is suited for the environment &bull; Identify the target audience(s) to be involved in a computing literacy program &bull; Develop a computing literacy curriculum &bull; Develop a delivery mechanism to provide the education &bull; Evaluate the program's effectiveness This paper will discuss the comprehensive computing literacy program currently in place at Iona College. It will discuss Iona's approach to resolving the above issues and the implementation of a comprehensive computing literacy program for students, faculty, administrators, and staff. It will also discuss the relationship between interest in computing and demand for user services. It would appear that the introduction of computing literacy programs can be correlated to an increased request for user services and a need for an ever-widening scope of user services.
Data Systems Dynamic Simulation - a total system for data system design assessments and trade studies
Authors: James W. Hooper, Dale W. Rowe
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual symposium on Simulation (1978)

Data Systems Dynamic Simulation is a simulation system designed to reduce cost and time and increase the confidence and comprehensiveness of Data Systems Simulation. It is designed to simulate large data processing and communications systems from end-to-end or by subsystem. Those features relevant to system timing, control, sizing, personnel support activities, cost and external influences are modeled. Emphasis is placed on ease of use, comprehensive system performance measures, and extensive post simulation analysis capability. The system has been used to support trade studies of the National Aeronautics Space Administration's data system needs in the 1985 to 1990 time frame.
Logic verification system for very large computers using LSI's
Authors: Yasuhiro Ohno, Masayuki Miyoshi, Katsuya Sato
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

To aid design verification of very large computers using many LSI's, software tools including a logic simulator with capability of 750,000 gates have been developed.
Drawing capturing system using image enhancement
Authors: N. Nakamura, K. Hosaka, M. Nagura
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

The paper describes the properties of Ueda's (1985) image enhancement method for line drawings and its merit for practical use. This method can remove the line discontinuities or mis-connections caused by scanning errors. The method is applied to simple images to evaluate its effect quantitatively. The authors confirm that it is more efficient than any other methods, and propose a drawing capturing system based on this method that can build up high quality drawing databases faster than any other system.
GAPSS (Graphical Analysis Procedures for System Simulation)
Authors: Thomas E. Bell
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

Two types of computer-graphic displays are discussed for analysis of simulation data subsequent to simulation runs. A display showing values over time was found to be superior to a display sequentially presenting individual states of a system. A project has been underway at the RAND Corporation to develop Graphical Analysis Procedures for System Simulation. The goal is to learn how computer-graphics can aid people in their analyses of simulated systems. This paper reports interim progress on graphically displaying the results of simulations done in the GPSS language.
Test construction and administration strategies for large introductory courses
Authors: Stewart A. Denenberg
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1981)

Large introductory courses in computer science make test construction and administration a particularly difficult problem for the instructor. Multiple-choice computer-graded tests can be used to alleviate this problem by testing not only in the knowledge areas of history, hardware, software and applications but in the area of programming skills as well. Several illustrations of the type of multiple-choice question that can be used to test the skills of 1) Reading a Flowchart 2) Reading a Program 3) Converting a Flowchart to a Program and 4) Writing a Program are given and are discussed in terms of their effectiveness. Practical issues of test administration such as the pre-plan, open vs closed-book, cheating and grading are also discussed. The paper attempts to mildly formalize a shadowy area of computer science that has heretofore existed primarily as folklore and hearsay.
Use of VLSI in algebraic computation: Some suggestions
Authors: H. T. Kung
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1981)

This paper reviews issues in the design of special-purpose VLSI chips in general, and suggests VLSI designs for polynomial multiplication and division, which are basic functional modules in algebraic computation.
Systematic instruction in simple programming gambits
Authors: Michael P. Barnett
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1978)

This paper describes an approach to teaching programming that the writer follows in his sections of the main introductory PL/I programming course at Brooklyn College, in a forthcoming text - An Introduction to PL/I Programming, and in material being prepared for use in the local public schools. The subject is developed by reference to carefully paced examples of programs that use different programming &ldquo;gambits&rdquo;, in isolation and in combination. The programs all relate to plausible applications. The gambits have been systematized, and an order of presentation established that matches the developing needs of professionals in other disciplines, whose potential use of computers is dominated by information processing rather than numerical computation.
Computer Related Curricular Changes In Traditional Mathematics
Authors: E. P. Miles,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

The author has been long concerned with the proper role for the computer in undergraduate instruction in mathematics. This was, in part, prompted by the dramatic shift he observed in engineering education which took place in the early 1960s as students gave up slide rules and embraced computers as their principle tool. Much credit for this rapid transition should go to the Ford Foundation (Michigan U.) project on Computers in Engineering Education [1] which developed computer-oriented materials for traditional courses and trained many visiting faculty in the use of computers and the related instructional materials generated. Although trends in the employment opportunities for undergraduate students in mathematics showed the need for substantial curricular changes also, repeated efforts to get a counterpart of the Michigan Engineering Education effort funded for mathematics were futile.
Cryptographic sealing for information secrecy and authentication
Authors: David K. Gifford
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1981)

The problem of computer security can be considered to consist of four distinct components: secrecy (ensuring that information is only disclosed to authorized users), authentication (ensuring that information is not forged), integrity (ensuring that information is not destroyed), and availability (ensuring that access to information can not be maliciously interrupted). The paper describes a new protection mechanism called cryptographic sealing that provides primitives for secrecy and authentication. The mechanism is enforced with a synthesis of classical cryptography, public-key cryptography, and a threshold scheme.
A computer-aided minimum cost transfer machine layout design
Authors: Tze-Thong Chien, Saul Serben, William A. Taylor, Paolo Rolando
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

This paper describes a computer program for the layout design of transfer machines. The program groups machining operations with the objective of minimizing initial transfer machine cost. The program operates in two stages. The first stage groups operations into the minimum number of machining stations, and the second stage determines minimum cost head groupings. The various technical constraints are characterized, and Dynamic Programming is applied. A mergetechnique for efficient design of large two-sided machines is describes. Program operation is illustrated by a shop-machine layout design.
A SPEAKEASY language extension for economists
Authors: James M. Condie
Venue: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference (1977)

The flexibility and extendibility of SPEAKEASY has been utilized by the computer specialists at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to develop a system for economic modeling with simultaneous equations. Central to the design concept is a &ldquo;model file&rdquo; to either estimate the coefficients of the equations, or using previously estimated coefficients, compute solutions for the set of equations for each time period specified.
Automatic circuit analysis based on mask information
Authors: B. T. Preas, B. W. Lindsay, C. W. Gwyn
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

A Circuit MAsk Translator (CMAT) code has been developed which converts integrated circuit mask information into a circuit schematic. Logical operations, pattern recognition, and special functions are used to identify and interconnect diodes, transistors, capacitors, and resistances. The circuit topology provided by the translator is compatible with the input required for a circuit analysis program.
On the time complexity of broadcast communication schemes (Preliminary Version)
Authors: Albert G. Greenberg
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1982)

In this paper, we investigate the power of such broadcast in solving a paradigmatic problem in distributed computing. Imagine a network in which each node machine Ni (1-&-le;i-&-le;n) keeps a Boolean value vi in local memory. The vi 's determine a set S-&-equil;{i: vi-&-equil;1}. The non-emptiness problem on n nodes is to find some i in S, or else find that S is empty. In practice, a problem of this type arises in two ways: 1. Consensus testing: Has any node voted -&-ldquo;no-&-rdquo;, where vi-&-equil;1 means node i votes -&-ldquo;no-&-rdquo;, and vi-&-equil;O means node i votes -&-ldquo;yes-&-rdquo;? 2. Establishing a distinguished node: S specifies a set of candidates, and solving non-emptiness selects one. For example, the nodes may be bidding for a Job or a resource. In section 2, we introduce an idealistic broadcast communication scheme which abstracts certain features of the CSMA technology.
Implementing a computer science curriculum merging two curriculum models
Authors: William Mitchell, Bruce Mabis
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1978)

While many curriculum recommendations have been proposed, (1,3,4,5,9), there remain gaps in the specification of 4-year programs, one being in the area of the applied B.S. degree. This paper presents one attempt to fill this gap with a program whose goal is to produce competent computer professionals, not candidates for graduate schools. Within the constraints of a limited faculty, the quarter calendar, and an applied orientation, it still incorporates much of the thrust and content of the more theoretically oriented recommendations. We believe that this effort may serve as a model for other schools who share our charge to train applications oriented professionals, and that the curriculum design process which we illustrate may be useful in even broader contexts.