ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of simulation experiments
Authors: Robert E. Shannon
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1978)

We define simulation as the process of designing a model of a real system and conducting experiments with this model for the purpose either of understanding the behavior of the system or of evaluating various strategies for the operation of the system [25]. It then follows that we must concern ourselves with the strategic and tactical planning of how to design and run an experiment that will yield the desired information.
RIG, rochester"s intelligent gateway: System overview
Authors: E. Ball, J. Feldman, J. Low, R. Rashid, P. Rovner
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

The RIG system provides convenient access to a wide range of computing facilities. The system includes five large mini-computers in a very fast internal network, disk and tape storage, a printer/plotter, and a number of display terminals. These are connected to larger campus machines (IBM 360/65 and DEC KL10) and to the ARPANET. The operating system and other software support for such a system present some interesting design problems. This paper contains a high level technical discussion of the software designs, many of which will be treated in more detail in subsequent reports.
Defining and implementing a multilevel design representation with simulation applications
Authors: J. A. Nestor, D. E. Thomas
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

A design representation that incorporates descriptions at more than one level of abstraction is called a multilevel representation. This paper describes a multilevel representation which includes behavioral and structural levels of description, and a multilevel analysis aid, called timing abstraction, which extracts timing information from a structural design and adds it to a behavior level description. With this design aid, alternate implementations of the same behavior, generated using the CMU-DA synthesis software, can be compared using a behavior level simulator. The timing accuracy is that of the microcode impleinentation, while the speed of the simulation is that of a behavior level simulator.
Requirements for improving the use of computers to support the development of policy decisions (abstract only)
Authors: John Henize
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - I): Information processing in the social sciences and humanities - Volume 1981 (1981)

Computer based information systems have been developed and used successfully for production and engineering and for lower level management tasks but they have yet to be widely applied to aiding management decision making at the higher policy making levels. Despite many attempts, the failures have been many and the successes few. This has resulted in large part from the fact that the technicians who have been engaged to design such systems have not correctly understood the nature of the problem environment with which they are dealing. Because they themselves have had no experience at the policy making levels, they have had a poor conception of the problems to be solved, and thus have made mistakes which they would not have made, had they been designing an information system for lower level tasks. In designing an inventory or process control system, for instance, the technicians have carefully studied the nature of the problems to be dealt with, and have decided which information is important and which not. They have not, in these cases, delivered reams of superfluous information to every point in the system. But when designing an information system to aid higher level decision making, they have tended to do the exact opposite. They have attempted to put every conceivable piece of information that could possibly be of the most remote interest at the fingertips of each and every policy maker -- each of whom is already suffering from a severe information overload. The decision maker could never possibly begin to digest all of this information, even if he found it useful, which, in general, he does not. This paper proposes methods for dealing with this crucial inhibiting problem.
A new two-dimensional routing algorithm
Authors: Chi-Ping Hsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

A new heuristic algorithm for two-dimensional routing utilizing two distinct layers is described. It is assumed that all terminals are on the boundary of a rectilinear routing region with or without cutout sections. Terminals on vertical boundary segments are assumed to be on one layer and those on horizontal boundary segments are on the other layer. This algorithm finds all possible paths with minimum corners for a net and then chooses one of those paths by considering path length, the likelihood of blocking nets not yet routed, the usage of vacant tracks, and the necessity of going through an area expected to be congested. A dynamic data structure is maintained. If h and v are the numbers of horizontal and vertical tracks, n is the number of nets, and t is the number of terminals, then the storage requirement is o(hv) and the time complexity is o((t&minus;n)hv). For h&equil;23, v&equil;64, n&equil;47, and t&equil;130 the storage required is 60K bytes and cpu time is 16 seconds. This algorithm is implemented in the C language on a VAX 11/780 under the Berkeley Unix* operating system, as part of the LTX layout system of the layout aids group at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill.
Improvement of williams memory reliability
Authors: R. Schumann
Venue: Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) (1952)

The short access times and large capacity of the Williams memory are features which are of sufficient value to warrant considerable effort towards improving the reliability of the system. The difficulties encountered are almost entirely a result of several sources of noise peculiar to the operation of cathode ray tubes in the manner required for storage of information. These include the following effects which may change signal amplitudes. 1. Refilling of information spots by stray secondary electrons resulting from repetitive consultations of nearby memory locations. 2. Impurities in the phosphor. 3. Nonuniformities of focus over the face of the tube. 4. Drifts in operating potentials. 5. Small errors in deflection voltages. 6. Ordinary amplifier noise or pickup of external electrical disturbances.
Corporate planning model design: Computerized scratch pads
Authors: Harley M. Courtney
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

This paper describes a modular approach to the construction of financial planning models.
A critique of common LISP
Authors: Rodney A. Brooks, Richard P. Gabriel
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming (1984)

A major goal of the COMMON LISP committee was to define a Lisp language with sufficient power and generality that people would be happy to stay within its confines and thus write inherently transportable code. We argue that the resulting language definition is too large for many short-term and medium-term potential applications. In addition many parts of COMMON LISP cannot be implemented very efficiently on stock hardware. We further argue that the very generality of the design with its different efficiency profiles on different architectures works against the goal of transportability.
Extending the power of programming by examples
Authors: Giuseppe Attardi, Maria Simi
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGOA conference on Office information systems (1982)

Programming by Examples is one of the methodologies that has been proposed for supporting the development of office applications by non computer specialists. Programs are built by performing direct manipulations on objects visually represented on a display, simulating the execution of the program on exemplary data items. We distinguish two major approaches: a declarative approach (SBA by DeJong and Zloof) and a procedural approach (Tinker by Lieberman and Hewitt). We examine the computational power and the expressive convenience of the two systems. The procedural approach achieves full generality by allowing the user to explicitly introduce iterative or recursive control structures. The SBA system has built in control mechanisms, which avoids explicit use of such constructs, but it is correspondingly less powerful. We present an algebraic model of SBA programs which allows us to determine the expressive power of the SBA language. We discuss a more general control mechanism then the one embedded in SBA, based on homomorphic transformations, which allows to compute all primitive recursive functions. Further flexibility is obtained by coupling the PBE methodology with the knowledge representation language Omega.
Computer aided instruction in system dynamics
Authors: Don Martin
Venue: Proceedings of the second SIGCSE technical symposium on Education in computer science (1972)

In any large engineering school, there are many courses in various disciplines which can be roughly categorized as studies of system dynamics. The computer has long held great promise both as a means for improving the content of such courses and as an aid for improving the methods of teaching. While some of this promise has been realized in isolated cases, very little has been accomplished in universities where large numbers of students are involved. It is certainly true that significant improvement in course content can be achieved by using the computer to solve more meaningful and realistic dynamic problems. For example, the effects of changing the parameters in the problem formulation can be studied. However, with centralized analog and digital computing facilities this can be accomplished only in a very limited way. Problems can be programmed by the instructor and used as a demonstration for the class or the student can program the computer himself. Some demonstrations are useful and desirable but it is impossible to get the student intimately involved, and in most cases they serve only as a supplement to textbook illustrations. Student programming is an excellent approach for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses such as control system design, but it has proven less than satisfactory for first and second year science and engineering courses. Even when the students have had a basic programming course, valuable classroom time must be spent on the techniques for programming, numerical methods, and discussions of debugging. The students tend to become involved in the mechanics of programming at the sacrifice of a serious study of the dynamic system. With inexperienced students, even when turnaround time on the digital computer is good, the elapsed time between problem assignment and a satisfactory solution is much too long. The analig computer, while admittedly an outstanding device for the study of dynamic systems, is usually not available in sufficient quantity for a large class and suffers from the same student programming restriction as the digital. We felt that terminals based on an analog or hybrid computer would materially improve student/computer interaction, especially aiding in the comprehension of those dynamic systems described by ordinary differential equations. This paper is a report of the implementation of such a system at N. C. State University. The system was funded by the National Science Foundation with the hardware developed by Electronic Associates Inc. and the software developed by the university.
The priority and organization of documentation at SUNY-Binghamton
Authors: Carol W. Doherty
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

Computer Center documentation not only aids our users but assists the members of the Academic Support staff. Documentation is an important resource to provide our users with the information required to accomplish their programming needs whether it be statistical analysis, text formatting or writing programming assignments. The documents produced by SUNY-Binghamton are written, edited, tested and distributed by members of the Academic Support staff. For a document to be produced by our staff it must conform to criteria: number of users, amount of usage and how often the package is updated. Each document is formatted along similar lines. The format is: number, introduction, advantages and results when using the language or package, how to implement it as a batch or interactive facility, the references for more information and where to go for additional programming help. This report will describe how we accomplish our documentation goals and what factors aid us in achieving them with a limited staff and financial resources.
A survey of Office Automation technology for academic computing centers
Authors: Ron Witt
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1982)

At Northwestern University the Personnel Department helps individual departments in studies related to word processing equipment selection. Many departments have acquired standalone word processors from a number of different vendors. The result has been that the specialized word processing needs of departments are being covered. However, universities are not as knowledgeable as industry in applying the new technology. For this reason I've gone to industry to learn how Office Automation is currently being applied. My experience has shown that the academic computing centers with their strong technical base have a role to play in evaluating how the new technology represented by Office Automation can best be delivered to the university. Because of this new technology, futurists predict that by the year 2000 nearly three fourths of the workforce will be engaged in managing information rather than producing goods. Already one half of the workforce can be classified as knowledge workers. Within universities almost everyone is already a knowledge worker. During the decade of the 70's industrial workers experienced a 78 percent increase in productivity while clerical workers realized only a four percent increase. It has been argued that this happened partly because industrial workers are supported by an average capital investment of 64,000. Can similar productivity increases be made in offices and can Office Automation technology result in cost savings for universities?
Designers Workbench&mdash;efficient and economical design aids
Authors: L. A. O'Neill, C. G. Savolaine, T. J. Thompson, J. M. Franke, R. A. Friedenson, E. D. Walsh, P. H. McDonald, J. R. Breiland, D. S. Evans
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

Designers Workbench is an interactive approach to design aids integration that overcomes most of the impediments that normally restrict the use of these aids. This paper first explores the problems encountered by users in trying to interface their design process with existing design aids and the problems of the design aids development organizations in meeting their users' needs. The design processes discussed include the electrical design, test development, and physical design for both computer architecture circuit pack design and custom electronics design, from the silicon level through the circuit pack level. Designers Workbench provides extensive on-line tutorials that greatly simplify the training of new users and buffers the user from the idiosyncracies of the computers on which the programs run. All job control, file management and data translations are provided automatically by the system. The design aids programs were left unchanged on their original computers and are accessed via a computer network. This reduced the initial development cost as well as providing a method for easy integration of any new programs that become available. Initial usage of DWB has indicated that this approach greatly increases the user acceptance of the design aids.
A simulation approach to design a motoreducer assembly and testing facility
Authors: Harold J. Steudel
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

This paper describes the application of a digital computer simulation model to design a large facility for assembling and testing approximately 30,000 motoreducers a year. The simulation model is designed and calibrated entirely on actual operating data, and used in conjunction with statistically designed experiments to evaluate the effects of various controllable factors on the size and configuration of the department level facility. The paper shows that a relatively simple and straightforward simulation model can provide quite insightful and valuable results, yet still be well within the capabilities and budget of the &ldquo;ordinary practitioner&rdquo; of management science in facilities planning.
MASCO: An academic exercise in computer design using microprogramming
Authors: Jack N. Fenner, Jeffery A. Schmidt, Houssam A. Halabi, Dharma P. Agrawal
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1984)

The design of a host machine architecture for implementing an existing image machine architecture is considered. The proposed microarchitecture uses a microprogrammed control unit to emulate the Motorola MC6809 microprocessor architecture. The detailed hardware characteristics of the proposed machine are described and the microinstruction set is defined. The microroutines that emulate the MC6809 instruction set have been developed. A practical implementation using current technology is studied and some realistic timing characteristics are determined. The simulation of the proposed architecture is reviewed and the performance is evaluated. Finally, comparisons with existing models are made and the results are discussed.
Modular matrix multiplication on a linear array
Authors: I. V. Ramakrishnan, P. J. Varman
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1984)

A matrix-multiplication algorithm on a linear array using an optimal number of processing elements is proposed. The local storage required by the processing elements and the I/O bandwidth required to drive the array are both constants that are independent of the sizes of the matrices being multiplied. The algorithm is therefore modular, that is, arbitrarily large matrices can be multiplied on a large array built by cascading small arrays. The array is well-suited for VLSI implementation.
SIGMOD(Paper Session)
Authors: Philip Y. Chang, Jay-Louise Weldon, Shamkant B. Navathe, Georges S. Nicolas, John W. Lewis, N. N. Oliver, John D. Joyce
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

The organization of data base systems to provide efficient retrieval and update performance is a challenging problem. The papers in this session deal with these problems in a relational system context.
Generation of hazard free tests using the D-algorithm in a timing accurate system for logic and deductive fault simulation
Authors: Eskil Kjelkerud, Owe Thessén
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

It is described how a timing accurate system for logic and deductive fault simulation can be used in the forward tracing part of the D-algorithm. The logic simulation is used for the forward implication and the verification phases. The deductive fault simulator is used for D-propagation. Some results from executions of the test generation program are presented.
The nonparametric approach for camera calibration
Authors: NaoLin Qiu, Song de Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

Discusses a nonparametric approach for calibrating a CCD camera, a constrained topological mapping (CTM) approach to analyze the systematic imaging errors of an image system and compare it with parametric approaches which are based on optimization and have been discussed by many other authors. This nonparametric approach has several distinct features. In this approach, some distortion surfaces are derived directly from the training samples. Because no analytical form of these surfaces is assumed, when we modeled the distortions by a nonparametric model, the systematic imaging errors instead of mere lens distortions are considered. This gives an new approach to analyze the imaging errors of a particular imaging system. Experimental results are given in detail, which indicate that both in image projection and in 3D reconstruction, the accuracy is much improved when the nonparametric approach is employed for calibrating a camera.
Practical automated design of LSI for large computers
Authors: J Philip Singleton, Nigel R Crocker
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

The design of large computers using LSI techniques requires relatively large numbers of different designs in relatively small quantities. The paper describes a system of designing integrated circuits rapidly and reliably in this environment using the Uncommitted Logic Array (Master Slice) approach. An integrated design, validation and production system has been developed from logical input to pattern generator tape production which takes away the need for knowledge of Silicon Layout techniques from the integrated circuit designer.
DUAL: An interactive tool for developing documented programs by step-wise refinements.
Authors: Luigi Petrone, Antonio Di Leva, Franco Sirovich
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

Programs are integrated hierarchical structures of formal texts - instructions - and informal texts - documentation. Only if there is a mechanical connection between program design and program development there can be higher chances that the program documentation, originated at design time, will not, sooner or later, become obsolete with respect to the current state of the system. DUAL is an interactive, incremental, intelligent editor of program and documentation texts to be used for software implementations whose anticipated life cycle is significantly long to deserve much attention. The screen interface plays a unique role in DUAL since it allows a visitor ( designer or maintenance engineer) &ldquo;to replay&rdquo; as many times as desired the evolution of the system from design to implementation. The access to the hierarchically organized Design Information is made easy and natural by the DUAL video oriented user interface.
Detection of static and dynamic hazards in logic nets
Authors: Ajoy K. Bose, S. A. Szygenda
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Design Automation Conference (1977)

This paper discusses an algorithmic procedure for the detection of static and dynamic hazards in a digital simulation environment. The procedure uses a signal representation scheme that decomposes multilevel signals to a binary form which are used along with a binary description of the network to realize hazard detection. Moreover this procedure can also be used to realize multi level simulation and provides the user with various options about the accuracy that can be obtained at varying costs
Towards a machine-independent transput section
Authors: J. C. van Vliet
Venue: Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference (1977)

If the transput section of an ALGOL-68 compiler is to be portable, it must be described in such a way that it is clear which aspects are machine-dependent, and which are not. There should be a clear set of primitives underlying the transput. In this report, a description is proposed which can really be used as an implementation model: the transput is described in pseudo-ALGOL 68, except for the underlying primitives, whose semantics are given in some kind of formalized English. The state of this model is by no means definitive, but may serve as a start for further discussion.