ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Classification system for serial criminal patterns
Authors: Kamal Dahbur, Thomas Muscarello
Venue: Artificial Intelligence and Law (2003)

The data mining field in computer science specializes in extracting implicit information that is distributed across the stored data records and/or exists as associations among groups of records. Criminal databases contain information on the crimes themselves, the offenders, the victims as well as the vehicles that were involved ill the crime. Among these records lie groups of crimes that can be attributed to serial criminals who are responsible for multiple criminal offenses and usually exhibit patterns in their operations, by specializing in a particular crime category (i.e., rape, murder, robbery, etc.), and applying a specific method for implementing their crimes. Discovering serial criminal patterns in crime databases is, in general, a clustering activity in the area of data mining that is concerned with detecting trends in the data by classifying and grouping similar records. In this paper, we report on the different statistical and neural network approaches to the clustering problem in data mining in general, and as it applies to our crime domain in particular. We discuss our approach of using a cascaded network of Kohonen neural networks followed by heuristic processing of the networks outputs that best simulated the experts in the field. We address the issues in this project and the reasoning behind this approach, including: the choice of neural networks, in general, over statistical algorithms as the main tool, and tile use of Kohonen networks in particular, the choice for the cascaded approach instead of the direct approach, and the choice of a heuristics subsystem as a back-end subsystem to the neural networks. We also report on the advantages of this approach over both the traditional approach of using a single neural network to accommodate all the attributes, and that of applying a single clustering algorithm on all the data attributes.
SGSIA-in-Network Data Preprocessing for Secure Grid-Sensor Integration
Authors: Zubair A. Baig, Mohamed Baqer, Asad I. Khan
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

With rapid advances being made in sensor technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as an essential source of data for storage and processing on highperformance computing grids. The significant amount of data generated by sensor networks requires preprocessing at the source-end, to ensure reduction in the total volume of data generated for transfer and storage in highperformance grid systems. There exists a lack of an infrastructure for optimal and efficient retrieval of sensor data through grid-sensor integration, and facilitation of efficient sensor resource sharing in environments with multiple WSNs. In this paper, we propose the Secure Grid-Sensor Integration Architecture (SGSIA), as a secure, scalable, and intelligent architecture for the integration of resourceconstrained sensor networks into the grid.
A Domain Decomposition Method Based on Weighted Interior Penalties for Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Problems
Authors: Erik Burman, Paolo Zunino
Venue: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (2006)

We propose a domain decomposition method for advection-diffusion-reaction equations based on Nitsche&apos;s transmission conditions. The advection-dominated case is stabilized using a continuous interior penalty approach based on the jumps in the gradient over element boundaries. We prove the convergence of the finite element solutions of the discrete problem to the exact solution and propose a parallelizable iterative method. The convergence of the resulting domain decomposition method is proved, and this result holds true uniformly with respect to the diffusion parameter. The numerical scheme that we propose here can thus be applied straightforwardly to diffusion-dominated, advection-dominated, and hyperbolic problems. Some numerical examples are presented in different flow regimes showing the influence of the stabilization parameter on the performance of the iterative method, and we compare our method with some other domain decomposition techniques for advection-diffusion equations.
Feature Subset Selection and Ranking for Data Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Hua-Liang Wei, Stephen A. Billings
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2007)

A new unsupervised forward orthogonal search (FOS) algorithm is introduced for feature selection and ranking. In the new algorithm, features are selected in a stepwise way, one at a time, by estimating the capability of each specified candidate feature subset to represent the overall features in the measurement space. A squared correlation function is employed as the criterion to measure the dependency between features and this makes the new algorithm easy to implement. The forward orthogonalization strategy, which combines good effectiveness with high efficiency, enables the new algorithm to produce efficient feature subsets with a clear physical interpretation.
Discovering task-oriented usage pattern for web recommendation
Authors: Guandong Xu, Yanchun Zhang, Xiaofang Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Database Conference - Volume 49 (2006)

Web transaction data usually convey user task-oriented behaviour pattern. Web usage mining technique is able to capture such informative knowledge about user task pattern from usage data. With the discovered usage pattern information, it is possible to recommend Web user more preferred content or customized presentation according to the derived task preference. In this paper, we propose a Web recommendation framework based on discovering task-oriented usage pattern with Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model. The user intended tasks are characterized by the latent factors through probabilistic inference, to represent the user navigational interests. Moreover, the active user's intuitive task-oriented preference is quantized by the probabilities, by which pages visited in current user session are associated with various tasks as well. Combining the identified task preference of current user with the discovered usage-based Web page categories, we can present user more potentially interested or preferred Web content. The preliminary experiments performed on real world data sets demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An automated reliable backup solution
Authors: Andrew De Ponte
Venue: Linux Journal (2007)

A super backup solution on the cheap.
Overdetermined noise compensation without eigendecomposition for frequency estimation
Authors: C. Berenguer, C. Theys, A. Ferrari, G. Alengrin
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The authors consider the estimation of the frequencies of noisy sinusoids, without eigendecomposition or correlation lags computation. The algorithm based on an iterative noise compensation on the predictors matrix proposed by A. Ferrari et al. (IEEE Trans. vol.ASSP-40, no.5, p.1263-6 of 1992) is extended to the case of higher order 1-step predictors (larger than twice the number of sinusoids), to lower the variance. The procedure is made more efficient by using the split Levinson algorithm. A noise subspace projection operator is derived from the noiseless predictors, which allows a multichannel signal classification (MUSIC)-like frequency estimation, at low computational cost. Simulations and comparisons with the classical root-MUSIC estimator results are presented.
Experimental Performance Evaluation of Mobile IPv6 Handovers over Wireless LAN
Authors: Jong-Hyouk Lee, Tai-Myoung Chung
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems and Networks Communication (2006)

Over the past several years there has been increasing the number of mobile devices. Mobile IPv6 enables mobile devices to communicate with each other while moving and has been implemented by several organizations. Though Mobile IPv6 implementations has been confirmed, the performance evaluation is one of the important next step to expect deployment in real environments. In this paper, we present experimental results on the performance of Mobile IPv6 handovers with the test parameters such as RTT, TCP and UDP throughput.
Experimental evaluation and characterization of the magnets wireless backbone
Authors: Roger P. Karrer, Ístvan Matyasovszki, Alessio Botta, Antonio Pescapé
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation characterization (2006)

High-speed wireless backbones have the potential to replace or complement wired connections. This paper provides a comprehensive network and transport layer performance evaluation of the Magnets WiFi backbone. The backbone, deployed in a metropolitan area of Berlin, consists of six 108 Mbps capable links using directional antennas and spans over 2.3 km. Built with off-the-shelf hardware, it features mixed 802.11a/g technology, link distances between 330 m and 930 m and support for two enhanced MAC/PHY layer modes at the access points (AP) to improve their performance. These unique characteristics provide a challenging environment to investigate the impact of a wide range of parameters. In particular, using CBR and VBR traffic profiles, we assess the influence of distance, 802.11 technology and AP modes on throughput, delay, packet loss and jitter between pairs of adjacent nodes. For example, our measurements show that the average UDP throughput of the 802.11g links varies between 15.9 and 18.7 Mbps, whereas the 802.11a link achieves 27.8 Mbps. Finally, the average UDP throughput can even be increased to 55.2 Mbps by concomitantly enabling the two enhanced AP modes.
On the Method of Difference Potentials
Authors: V. Ryaben'Kii
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2006)

We provide a brief general overview of the difference potentials method (DPM) and outline its key features that enable the new computational capabilities. We present three examples of the actual applied problems that have been solved with this method, and also comment on the connections between the new potentials and the Calderon---Seeley potentials.
Different Effects of Exogenous Cues in a Visual Detection and Discrimination Task: Delayed Attention Withdrawal and/or Speeded Motor Inhibition?
Authors: Rob H. J. Van Der Lubbe, Rutger O. Vogel, Albert Postma
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Several studies examining spatial attention have found a discrepancy regarding the effects of exogenous cues on reaction times in visual detection and discrimination tasks. Namely, across a wide range of cue&ndash;target intervals, responses are slower for targets at cued than at uncued locations (inhibition of return) in detection tasks, whereas responses are faster for targets at cued than at uncued locations (facilitation) in discrimination tasks. Two hypotheses were proposed to account for this discrepancy. First, attention may dwell much longer on the exogenously cued location in discrimination tasks because stimuli have to be identified (i.e., the delayed attention withdrawal hypothesis). Secondly, due to increased motor preparation in detection tasks, cue-induced motor inhibition may rise much faster in these tasks than in discrimination tasks (i.e., the speeded motor inhibition hypothesis). We examined to what extent these hypotheses can account for effects of exogenous cues in a detection and discrimination task on the extrastriate P1 component, and the onset of motor activation, as indexed by the lateralized readiness potential. Some support was found for the delayed attention withdrawal hypothesis, as task-dependent cueing effects were found on the P1 component. Other aspects of our data, however, indicate that motor inhibition is also involved. Based on these findings, we propose that effects of exogenous cues in detection and discrimination tasks are determined by the interplay between two mechanisms, of which the time courses of activation may be modulated by the specific setting.
Parametrically induced stochastic synchronization
Authors: O. V. Sosnovtseva, V. V. Astakhov, A. V. Shabunin, P. A. Stalmakhov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

We find that a periodic parametric perturbations of coupling coefficient can induce the transition to the synchronized regime in bistable systems. This effect is demonstrated via numerical simulation using the Duffing oscillator. Generic aspects of the obtained results are discussed.
Privacy-Enabled Global Threat Monitoring
Authors: Phillip A. Porras
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Could the future of Internet-scale collaborative security frameworks ultimately open a new era of fast-reaction Internet defenses, or are these systems destined to provide limited deployment and detection power for unclear liability risks? We think the former is unlikely without significant progress in rich-content extraction that addresses the fundamental vulnerabilities inherent in collaborative data sharing. Cyber-TA brings together an established group of researchers across a broad spectrum to search for practical solutions and enable new ways of threat detection.
A Program Animation System for Real-time Monitoring of Learning
Authors: Youzou Miyadera, Kunimi Kurasawa, Shoichi Nakamura, Nobuyoshi Yonezawa, Setsuo Yokoyama
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

We have developed a system that allows teachers to monitor the classroom learning of students (novice programmers) in real time and provide support to groups of students experiencing common problems. This system has a program animation function which keeps a historical record of the students' operations as they go through a program while trying to understand it. By analyzing this record, the system pinpoints common problem areas, and the causes of difficulty, for the teache
Frames and games in the science museum: a lens for understanding visitor behavior
Authors: Leslie Atkins
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Collins and Ferguson (1993) introduced the idea of epistemic games and forms to interpret repeatable patterns of expert behavior in the sciences. This framework has been extended by educational researchers to understand student activity in science classrooms (Tuminaro and Redish, 2005), in computer games (Shaffer, 2005) and informal science education (Shaffer, 2004). This work suggests productive ways that epistemic forms may be exploited in exhibit design in science museums to encourage stronger scientific conversations. However, much of the conversation at a science museum exhibit is not related to an epistemic frame---despite the intentions of exhibit designers. What other frames do parents and children use at science exhibits? Under what conditions do they enter an epistemic frame, and what are the epistemic forms suggested by exhibits? Using video, transcripts and observations of visitors at a science museum, I interpret family conversations in terms of different epistemic frames and contrast epistemic frames from other forms of interaction.
Improved Linear Prediction Technique for Musical Onset Detection
Authors: Wan-Chi Lee, C.-C. Jay Kuo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

Following our previous work in [8] where a music signal is decomposed into multiple subband signals and the forward linear prediction errors of all subbands are combined to give the detection function to localize the onset position, two enhanced features are examined in this work. First, we propose a new method to decide the stepsize, which is a critical parameter in LPEF adaptation. Second, we consider a more flexible and robust subband decomposition scheme that is adaptive to the characteristics of the music signal. It will be shown by experimental results that these modifications enhance the accuracy of the onset detection scheme.
Learner Monitoring System with Biological Knowledge Construction Model
Authors: Toshie Ninomiya, Fumihiko Anma, Toshiaki Honda, Toshio Okamoto
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

A study guide system using a biological model was examined. Especially, fundamental data for building a system to monitor a learner's condition were collected and considered. Within the monitoring system, the learning pattern is determined from the results of analysis of the learning log data, and the learner's condition is estimated using a biological model. To determine the initial value of this biological model, predicted results and actual learning log data were compared. Here, we propose learning log data that can be used for this purpose.
The story of one Urban High School's efforts to improve student attitudes, motivation, self-efficacy and perceptions of self, school, and science through project-based science instruction
Authors: Thomas Higginbotham, Janice Anderson, Camelia Rosca, Michael Barnett, Deborah Jencunas, Sandra Copman, John Zinkowski
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Odyssey High School is small inner-city school within a school in a large urban center. Over its five years of existence, Odyssey administrators in collaboration with a set of outside partners have been developing and implementing a school that focuses on project-based learning and supports its teachers in constructing interdisciplinary projects around the school's theme of environmental science. Findings indicate that older students at the school, who were with the school before this reform effort began, are not as vested in the effort as are younger students, many of whom chose to attend the school for its science focus. It appears that positive gains in student self-efficacy and interest toward science have been achieved in the few years since the reform effort has been commenced but there are significant challenges remain on improving student sense of belonging and overall engagement with the school.
Evaluating the efficacy of test-driven development: industrial case studies
Authors: Thirumalesh Bhat, Nachiappan Nagappan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

This paper discusses software development using the Test Driven Development (TDD) methodology in two different environments (Windows and MSN divisions) at Microsoft. In both these case studies we measure the various context, product and outcome measures to compare and evaluate the efficacy of TDD. We observed a significant increase in quality of the code (greater than two times) for projects developed using TDD compared to similar projects developed in the same organization in a non-TDD fashion. The projects also took at least 15% extra upfront time for writing the tests. Additionally, the unit tests have served as auto documentation for the code when libraries/APIs had to be used as well as for code maintenance.
Location-Aware Combinatorial Key Management Scheme for Clustered Sensor Networks
Authors: Mohamed F. Younis, Kajaldeep Ghumman Mohamed Eltoweissy
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2006)

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are fueling the interest in their application in a wide variety of sensitive settings such as battlefield surveillance, border control, and infrastructure protection. Data confidentiality and authenticity are critical in these settings. However, the wireless connectivity, the absence of physical protection, the close interaction between WSNs and their physical environment, and the unattended deployment of WSNs make them highly vulnerable to node capture as well as a wide range of network-level attacks. Moreover, the constrained energy, memory, and computational capabilities of the employed sensor nodes limit the adoption of security solutions designed for wire-line and wireless networks. In this paper, we focus on the management of encryption keys in large-scale clustered WSNs. We propose a novel distributed key management scheme based on Exclusion Basis Systems (EBS); a combinatorial formulation of the group key management problem. Our scheme is termed SHELL because it is Scalable, Hierarchical, Efficient, Location-aware, and Light-weight. Unlike most existing key management schemes for WSNs, SHELL supports rekeying and, thus, enhances network security and survivability against node capture. SHELL distributes key management functionality among multiple nodes and minimizes the memory and energy consumption through trading off the number of keys and rekeying messages. In addition, SHELL employs a novel key assignment scheme that reduces the potential of collusion among compromised sensor nodes by factoring the geographic location of nodes in key assignment. Simulation results demonstrate that SHELL significantly boosts the network resilience to attacks while conservatively consuming nodes' resources.
Classifying Human Dynamics Without Contact Forces
Authors: Alessandro Bissacco, Stefano Soatto
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

We develop a classification algorithm for hybrid autoregressive models of human motion for the purpose of videobased analysis and recognition. We assume that some temporal statistics are extracted from the images, and we use them to infer a dynamical system that explicitly models contact forces. We then develop a distance between such models that explicitly factors out exogenous inputs that are not unique to an individual or her gait. We show that such a distance is more discriminative than the distance between simple linear systems, where most of the energy is devoted to modeling the dynamics of spurious nuisances such as contact forces.
Design of a Low-Power Digital Core for Passive UHF RFID Transponder
Authors: Andrea Ricci, Matteo Grisanti, Ilaria De Munari, Paolo Ciapolini
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (2006)

Recently RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) systems have gained popularity in manufacturing units, inventory, logistics, as they represent an inexpensive and reliable solution for automatic identification. RFID tags are expected to become a key element in the future ubiquitous computing scenario. Low-cost passive (i.e. featuring no batteries) tags are supposed to play a major role in this context. UHF tags, in particular, allow for extended read ranges. Performance of such devices, however, is limited by the available power, extracted from the incoming radiation. In this paper, the design of a novel circuit is presented, which implements the digital controller of a UHF-RFID tag in compliance with the ISO 18000-6B protocol. Powersaving strategies are devised, both at the system and the circuit levels. A set of standard cells have been designed, suitable for the power-limited specific application. Physical implementation on CMOS 0.18 ìm technology has been carried out and the chip is being fabricated. Functional checks have been successfully performed by means of an FPGA-based prototype.