ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of microbial growth parameter distributions with respect to data quality and quantity by using Monte Carlo analysis
Authors: F. Poschet, K. Bernaerts, A. H. Geeraerd, N. Scheerlinck, B. M. Nicolaï, J. F. Van Impe
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2004)

Nowadays, most of the mathematical models used in predictive microbiology are deterministic, i.e. their model output is only one single value for the microbial load at a certain time instant. For more advanced exploitation of predictive microbiology in the context of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and risk analysis studies, stochastic models should be developed. Such models predict a probability mass function for the microbial load at a certain time instant. An excellent method to deal with stochastic variables is Monte Carlo analysis. In this research, the sensitivity of microbial growth model parameter distributions with respect to data quality and quantity is investigated using Monte Carlo analysis. The proposed approach is illustrated with experimental growth data. There appears to be a linear relation between data quality (expressed by means of the standard deviation of the normal distribution assumed on experimental data) and model parameter uncertainty (expressed by means of the standard deviation of the model parameter distribution). The quantity of data (expressed by means of the number of experimental data points) as well as the positioning of these data in time have a substantial influence on model parameter uncertainty. This has implications for optimal experiment design.
Future Technologies
Authors: P. E. Holmes, I. G. Dufour, P. Muschamp
Venue: BT Technology Journal (2004)

This paper looks at some of the technologies that may feature in future networks &mdash; some already well-known, others that can be classified as disruptive technologies. Some may well disappear, but others could well evolve into key supporting technologies for the telecommunications networks of the future.
A new branch-and-cut algorithm for the capacitated vehicle routing problem
Authors: Jens Lysgaard, Adam N. Letchford, Richard W. Eglese
Venue: Mathematical Programming: Series A and B (2004)

We present a new branch-and-cut algorithm for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The algorithm uses a variety of cutting planes, including capacity, framed capacity, generalized capacity, strengthened comb, multistar, partial multistar, extended hypotour inequalities, and classical Gomory mixed-integer cuts. For each of these classes of inequalities we describe our separation algorithms in detail. Also we describe the other important ingredients of our branch-and-cut algorithm, such as the branching rules, the node selection strategy, and the cut pool management. Computational results, for a large number of instances, show that the new algorithm is competitive. In particular, we solve three instances (B-n50-k8, B-n66-k9 and B-n78-k10) of Augerat to optimality for the first time.
Compositional Structured Component Model: Handling Selective Functional Composition
Authors: Hamdan Msheik, Alain Abran, Eric Lefebvre
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th EUROMICRO Conference (2004)

Software component technology has been promoted as an innovative means to tackle the issues of software reuse, software quality and, software development complexity. Several component models (CORBA, .Net, JavaBeans) have been introduced, yet certain issues and limitations inherent to components still need to be addressed. As software components with hosts of functionalities tend to be coarse to large-grained in size and since the set of functionalities required by an application varies according to the particular application context, an excessive number of unwanted functionalities might be generated by such components within the application. In this paper, we present the Compositional Structured Component Model (CSCM) designed to handle the issue of unwanted component functionalities and to provide a flexible approach for easier customization, adaptation, and reuse. The CSCM model is designed to handle this issue via component functional composition using metadata composition instances which allow selective composition of a component's required functionalities.
Addressing professional issues at postgraduate level
Authors: Donald Joyce, Alison Young
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2004)

This paper reviews the authors' experiences of addressing professional issues with postgraduate computing students (at both masterate and doctorate levels).
Online Impersonation in Securities Scams
Authors: Mark F. Vilardo
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2004)

In cyberspace, securities scammers gain the trust of unwitting investors through a variety of means. Perhaps the most insidious of these involves a form of online impersonation in which the perpetrator uses the Internetýs technical capabilities to create bogus online content that mimics information from trusted sources. In this installment of Secure Systems, I briefly explore the use of various impersonation techniques by persons charged in US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions alleging market manipulation and fraud.
What do we mean by theoretically sound research in computer science education?
Authors: Mordechai Ben-Ari, Anders Berglund, Shirley Booth, Christian Holmboe
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2004)

With our interest to improve our education in computer science, an understanding of how students learn about CS concepts, how different concepts are understood, as well as the conditions for learning, become important issues. A better understanding of our students and their learning gives us a strong tool in our efforts to develop teaching. There is an increasing awareness of the usefulness of theoretically sound research approaches: it opens for generalisations of results, it invites comparison between researchers, methods and results, and at the same time it makes the limits of the research visible. As examples on initiatives that have lately been taken to promote a conscious use of relevant research approaches, can be mentioned the bootstrapping project [13], the special issue on import and export of Computer Science Education (to appear), as well as papers offering overviews of the current use of certain approaches ([4], [8]) and attempts to verbalize models for a successful research process ([5], [6], [12]).These initiatives do not advocate the primacy of a certain approach over others. This openness is well-grounded, since "a particular approach offers certain perspectives on a research question, and, in this way, enables the researcher to study [these] aspects of learning, while other aspects, that are not in focus using the selected approach, become unclear or 'blurred' (Berglund, submitted for review). Thus, the selection an approach is closely intertwined with the research question under investigation.In this panel, the theoretical foundations for four different research approaches will be described, and examples of research performed within each of these approaches will be given. The examples will serve to illuminate which kinds of results that can be offered by a particular approach, and thereby illustrate its use.
WarCraft III: reign of chaos
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 video review on Animation theater program: part 1 - Volume 145 (2003)

This beautiful and evocative glimpse into the story of Warcraft is the best representation of the lands of Azeroth yet created. The Warcraft III Pre-Rendered Cinematics break new ground in computer graphics by bringing huge armies, cloak-enshrouded, long-haired characters, and photorealistic landscapes to the screen. Created on PC's running 3D Studio MAX. Compositing was handled using Adobe After Effects and Discreet Combuition. Copyright held by creator.
Personalized support for knowledge sharing
Authors: Virginia Dignum
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Dutch directions in HCI (2004)

The realization that Knowledge Management (KM) is primarily a management science and not a computer science implies a different role for human-computer interaction in KM systems. This new role, supporting and extending human interaction, implies a need for intelligence-enhanced, integrated and personalized solutions. In this sense, KM requires the flexible integration of organizational and individual requirements and objectives, which can best be modeled using agent concepts. In this paper, we present an agent-based model for sharing that supports individual initiative and collaboration while prescribing a formal model for organizational processes. This model enables the development of user-oriented KM environments that focus on the collaboration between people.
The Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an ODMG Compliant, Parallel Object Database Server
Authors: Jim Smith, Sandra Sampaio, Paul Watson, Norman W. Paton
Venue: Distributed and Parallel Databases (2004)

This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a parallel object database server. While a number of research groups and companies now provide object database servers designed to run on uniprocessors, there has been surprisingly little work on the exploitation of parallelism to provide scalable performance in Object Database Management Systems (ODBMS). The work described in this paper takes as its starting-point the Object Database Management Group (ODMG) standard for object databases, thereby allowing the project to focus on research into parallelism, rather than on the ODBMS interfaces. The system is designed to run on a distributed memory parallel machine, and the paper describes the key issues and design decisions including: parallel query optimisation and execution, flow control, support for user-defined operations in queries, object distribution, cache management and navigational client access. The work shows that the significant differences between the object and relational database paradigms lead to significant differences in the designs of parallel servers to support these two paradigms. The paper presents an extensive performance analysis of the prototype systems which shows that good performance can be achieved on a cluster of linux PCs.
Design Methodology Innovations Address Manufacturing Technology Challenges: Power and Performance
Authors: Ulf Schlichtmann
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital System Design, EUROMICRO Systems (2004)

Semiconductor design has benefited tremendously from process technology scaling in the past, especially for power consumption and performance. This era is coming to an end. Continued improvement in these key metrics requires even more innovation in design methodology and design automation than in the past. Power consumption increasingly is becoming the most important bottleneck in the design of ICs in advanced process technologies. An evaluation of the use ultra-low threshold voltage (V{th}) devices for power reduction in an advanced process technology is described. It turns out that in contrast to older process technologies, this approach increasingly is becoming less suitable for industrial usage in advanced process technologies. Thus, design methodologies are described which can reduce power consumption by optimizations in logic design, specifically by utilizing multiple levels of supply voltage V{dd} and threshold voltage V{th}. The next major challenge on the horizon is increasing variability, both in the manufacturing process and in operating conditions. The need for statistical approaches to counter rising variability is described.
Acknowledgements
Authors: Newton Lee
Venue: Computers in Entertainment (CIE) (2004)

Flash homepage design volunteers Alex Lieu, Johnny Rodriguez, Michael Borys 3-Pin Media Flash animation volunteers Jay Popeski, Jeffrey Blyseth Axis Graphics HTML design volunteer Joe Raymond Video and sound editing volunteer Eric Huff Producer and editor-in-chief Newton Lee Also thanks to all authors, interviewees, reviewers, editorial board advisors, and the entire ACM staff including Mark Mandelbaum, John White, Roma Simon, Irma Strolia, Carol Wierzbicki, Edwin Rodriguez, and Jono Hardjowirogo for their support. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Correlation Clustering
Authors: Nikhil Bansal, Avrim Blum, Shuchi Chawla
Venue: Machine Learning (2004)

We consider the following clustering problem: we have a complete graph on n vertices (items), where each edge (u, v) is labeled either + or &minus; depending on whether u and v have been deemed to be similar or different. The goal is to produce a partition of the vertices (a clustering) that agrees as much as possible with the edge labels. That is, we want a clustering that maximizes the number of + edges within clusters, plus the number of &minus; edges between clusters (equivalently, minimizes the number of disagreements: the number of &minus; edges inside clusters plus the number of + edges between clusters). This formulation is motivated from a document clustering problem in which one has a pairwise similarity function f learned from past data, and the goal is to partition the current set of documents in a way that correlates with f as much as possible&semi; it can also be viewed as a kind of &ldquo;agnostic learning&rdquo; problem.An interesting feature of this clustering formulation is that one does not need to specify the number of clusters k as a separate parameter, as in measures such as k-median or min-sum or min-max clustering. Instead, in our formulation, the optimal number of clusters could be any value between 1 and n, depending on the edge labels. We look at approximation algorithms for both minimizing disagreements and for maximizing agreements. For minimizing disagreements, we give a constant factor approximation. For maximizing agreements we give a PTAS, building on ideas of Goldreich, Goldwasser, and Ron (1998) and de la Veg (1996). We also show how to extend some of these results to graphs with edge labels in [&minus;1, +1], and give some results for the case of random noise.
A novel model of motor learning capable of developing an optimal movement control law online from scratch
Authors: Yury P. Shimansky, Tao Kang, Jiping He
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2004)

A computational model of a learning system (LS) is described that acquires knowledge and skill necessary for optimal control of a multisegmental limb dynamics (controlled object or CO), starting from &#x201c;knowing&#x201d; only the dimensionality of the object&#x2019;s state space. It is based on an optimal control problem setup different from that of reinforcement learning. The LS solves the optimal control problem online while practicing the manipulation of CO. The system&#x2019;s functional architecture comprises several adaptive components, each of which incorporates a number of mapping functions approximated based on artificial neural nets. Besides the internal model of the CO&#x2019;s dynamics and adaptive controller that computes the control law, the LS includes a new type of internal model, the minimal cost (IMmc) of moving the controlled object between a pair of states. That internal model appears critical for the LS&#x2019;s capacity to develop an optimal movement trajectory. The IMmc interacts with the adaptive controller in a cooperative manner. The controller provides an initial approximation of an optimal control action, which is further optimized in real time based on the IMmc. The IMmc in turn provides information for updating the controller. The LS&#x2019;s performance was tested on the task of center-out reaching to eight randomly selected targets with a 2DOF limb model. The LS reached an optimal level of performance in a few tens of trials. It also quickly adapted to movement perturbations produced by two different types of external force field. The results suggest that the proposed design of a self-optimized control system can serve as a basis for the modeling of motor learning that includes the formation and adaptive modification of the plan of a goal-directed movement.
Real-Time Per-Pixel Viewpoint Interpolation
Venue: Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2004 (TPCG'04) (2004)

Real-time rendering of complex scenes is a crucial problemin computer graphics. In this paper we present a simpleand efficient real-time (high frame rate) rendering methodin which the computational cost is almost independent ofthe scene geometric complexity. The main advantages ofour method compared to other height field warping approachessuch as Relief Texture Mapping, is that the scenehas no restriction concerning the nature of its geometry.This method can be considered as an hybrid geometry andimage based representation of the scene, viewed along a 3Dcamera path. The final image in an arbitrary viewpoint onthis path is rendered using a very small number of imagescorresponding to the reference viewpoints. Real-time renderingis performed using the pixels shaders functionalityof current graphics hardware.
Affective appraisal as a requirement for 3D models: a systematic approach
Authors: Joske Houtkamp
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Dutch directions in HCI (2004)

Expectations of the functionality of 3D models of buildings on desktop computers are often high, but requirements used in design are generally incomplete, and insufficiently specified. One of the requirements usually omitted is that users of a model also give an affective appraisal of the building represented. The process of modeling and the display on a monitor cause modifications in the representation of the building that must be compensated by manipulations of the model to achieve a certain appraisal. It is proposed that this aspect is introduced, modeled and tested separately and systematically. A description of the use of 3D models for assessing public safety, in the project Visualisatie RandstadRail, is used as support for this approach.
Automatic Mapping of Parallel Applications onto Multi-Processor Platforms: A Multimedia Application
Authors: Pierre G. Paulin
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital System Design, EUROMICRO Systems (2004)

This talk will first review the challenges in the design of emerging complex systems-on-a-chip (SoC) at STMicroelectronics, from the perspective of our customers' requirements. We then present an approach to effectively integrate heterogenous parallel components - H/Wor S/W - into a homogeneous programming environment. This approach, supported by ST's MultiFlex multi-processing SoC environment, allows for the combination of a range of heterogeneous processing elements, supported by high-level programming models. Two programming models are supported: a distributed system object component (DSOC) message passing model, and a symmetrical multi-processing (SMP) model using shared memory. To illustrate the concepts discussed in this paper, we have applied the MultiFlex technology to the mapping of a high-level MPEG4 video encoder (VGA resolution at 30 frames per second) onto a mixed multi-processor and hardware platform.
Understanding Class Evolution in Object-Oriented Software
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension (2004)

In the context of object-oriented design, softwaresystems model real-world entities abstractly representedin the system classes. As the system evolves through itslifecycle, its class design also evolves. Thus,understanding class evolution is essential inunderstanding the current design of the system and therationale behind its evolution. In this paper, we describea taxonomy of class-evolution profiles, a method forautomatically categorizing a system's classes in one (ormore) of eight types in the taxonomy, and a data-miningmethod for eliciting co-evolution relations among them.These methods rely on our UMLDiff algorithm that,given a sequence of UML class models of a system,surfaces the design-level changes over its lifecycle. Therecovered knowledge about class evolution facilitates theoverall understanding of the system class-designevolution and the identification of the specific classesthat should be investigated in more detail towardsimproving the system-design qualities. We report on twocase studies evaluating our approach.
Insensitive load balancing
Authors: T. Bonald, M. Jonckheere, A. Proutiére
Venue: Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (2004)

A large variety of communication systems, including telephone and data networks, can be represented by so-called Whittle networks. The stationary distribution of these networks is insensitive, depending on the service requirements at each node through their mean only. These models are of considerable practical interest as derived engineering rules are robust to the evolution of traffic characteristics. In this paper we relax the usual assumption of static routing and address the issue of dynamic load balancing. Specifically, we identify the class of load balancing policies which preserve insensitivity and characterize optimal strategies in some specific cases. Analytical results are illustrated numerically on a number of toy network examples.
Extending e-books with annotation, online support and assessment mechanisms to increase efficiency of learning
Authors: Chin-Yeh Wang, Gwo-Dong Chen
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2004)

The Internet and web environment allow readers to read online many multimedia books. Readers can annotate, collaborate, and discuss content using efficient reading functions. Reading is migrating from printed books to e-books. This study designs an online reading environment with a wide range of support to increase students' learning performance. Online knowledge and human resources are used to answer directly students' queries. Students' annotating behaviors are analyzed as to help them understand the results of their learning earlier on. Experimental results reveal the extent to which students' reading behaviors shift from the printed book to this system using online reading time analysis. Data and questionnaire results show that students think that the system is conveniently and efficiently for them to annotate and propose query strings to knowledge repository and to discussion forum. In assessing reading performance, analysis of students' annotation results can forecast examination grades with 75.5 accuracy. Such analysis helps teachers and students to increase teaching and learning efficiencies.
A novel approach for determining the effective tunneling mass of electrons in HfO2 and other high-K alternative gate dielectrics for advanced CMOS devices
Authors: C. L. Hinkle, C. Fulton, R. J. Nemanich, G. Lucovsky
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

There has been a search for alternative dielectrics with significantly increased dielectric constants. K, which increases physical thickness in proportion to K, and therefore would significantly reduce direct tunneling. However, increases in K to values of 15-25 in transition metal and rare earth oxides are generally accompanied by decreases in the conduction band offset energy with respect to Si, EB, and the effective electron tunneling mass, meff, which mitigate gains from increased thickness. A novel technique, based on stacked dielectrics, is used to obtain the tunneling mass-conduction band offset energy product. When combined with optical measurements of tunneling barriers, this yields direct estimates of the tunneling mass.