ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Effect of the M 9.3 Sumatra-Andaman islands earthquake of 26 December 2004 at several permanent and campaign GPS stations in the Indian continent
Authors: S. Jade, M. S. M. Vijayan, S. S. Gupta, P. D. Kumar, V. K. Gaur, S. Arumugam
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

The effect of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on the Indian continent has been estimated from the analysis of GPS data from permanent and campaign GPS sites in the Indian continent. Co-seismic displacements at these sites have been determined for 11 permanent GPS stations of the national network, five campaign sites in southern India, and four campaign sites in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The results indicate co-seismic eastward displacements of 12-20 mm in southern India almost directly west of Andaman, 1.8-6 mm in Central India and insignificant displacement in the Himalayas. Permanent sites in north-east India which lie almost towards the northward extension of the rupture plane show smaller co-seismic displacements ranging from 5 to 10 mm southward. Four campaign sites in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands show large horizontal co-seismic displacements of 1.6-6.49 m WSW and SW. Vertical displacement varies from an uplift of 0.6 m in north Andaman to 1.1 m subsidence at Car Nicobar. The observed GPS displacements are modelled using coulomb 2.6, and the slip on the four segments of the rupture plane (450 km×175 km; 250 km×140 km; 250 km×100 km; 150 km×100 km) that best fits both the far and near field displacements is estimated to be predominantly 12 m reverse in the southernmost segment, which slowly translates to an oblique slip of 7 m in the northernmost segment of the rupture plane. The seismic moment of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake for the above rupture plane and slip is M o = 5.21×1022 Nm, which corresponds to a moment magnitude of M w = 9.1.
Architecture for filtering images using Xilinx system generator
Authors: J. C. Moctezuma, S. Sánchez, R. Álvarez, A. Sánchez
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications (2008)

This paper presents an architecture for filters pixel by pixel and regions filters for image processing using Xilinx System Generator (XSG). The advantage of this architecture is to offer an alternative through a graphical user interface that combines MATLAB, Simulink and XSG and explore aspects to be taken into account when implementing hardware.
Advanced RDMA-Based Admission Control for Modern Data-Centers
Authors: P. Lai, S. Narravula, K. Vaidyanathan, D. K. Panda
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2008)

Current data-centers employ admission control mechanism to maintain low response time and high throughput under overloaded scenarios. Existing mechanisms use internal (on the overloaded server) or external (on the front-end proxies) approaches. External admission control is preferred since it can be performed transparently without any modifications to the overloaded servers and global decisions can be made based on the load information of all the back-end servers. However, this external approach is bound to use TCP/IP communication protocol to get the load information from the back-end servers and rely on coarse-grained load monitoring due to the overheads associated with fine-grained monitoring. In this paper, we provide a fine-grained external admission control mechanism by leveraging the one-sided RDMA feature of modern interconnects and consequently provide response time guarantees and overload control in the multi-tiered data-center environment. Our design is implemented over InfiniBand-based clusters working in conjunction with Apache based servers. Experimental evaluations with single file, world cup and zipf traces show that our admission control can improve the response time by up to 28%, 17% and 23%, respectively, as compared to performing TCP/IP-based admission control. The improvement become 51%, 36% and 42%, respectively, when comparing to the base performance without any admission control. Further, our evaluations alsoshow that RDMA-based admission control can provide better QoS guarantees than the TCP/IP-based admission control and no admission control approaches.
Arizona's eett (enhancing education through technology) districts: teacher and grant administrator perceptions of the status of technology-rich environments
Authors: Linda K. Thompson
Venue:  (2007)

Arizona teacher survey results from the 360 Degrees of Technology self-assessment were gathered to determine the current status of the state regarding conditions for technology-rich classroom environments. Additional interviews were conducted with grant administrators at Enhancing Education through Technology grant schools to determine common areas of need. The results of the teacher survey indicated that teachers lack confidence in selecting technology resources that match standards, and that business personnel and university personnel as community partners are uncommon. Strengths evidenced by this report included vision and administrative support for technology, as well as availability of technical assistance. Additional comparisons between rural and urban, large and small, and high and low poverty schools showed a lack of teacher experience and confidence using technology at rural schools, the same lack of confidence with technology resources at small schools, and again a lack of ability to choose technology resources, less experience, and slightly less access to computers for students at high poverty schools.
A study of self-organization mechanisms in ad hoc and sensor networks
Authors: Falko Dressler
Venue: Computer Communications (2008)

Self-organization is a great concept for building scalable systems consisting of a huge number of subsystems. The primary objectives are improved scalability and dynamic adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Until now, many self-organization methods have been developed for communication networks in general and ad hoc networks in particular. Nevertheless, the term self-organization is still often misunderstood or misused. This paper contributes to the networking community by providing a better understanding of self-organization mechanisms focusing especially on the applicability in ad hoc and sensor networks. The main contributions of this paper are a clarification of the term self-organization and a categorization of self-organization methods. Additionally, well-known protocols in ad hoc and sensor networks are classified and selected case studies are provided. Primarily, solutions for the medium access control and the network layer are analyzed and discussed. Finally, open research issues with practical relevance are discussed.
Swi-prolog and the web
Authors: Jan Wielemaker, Zhisheng Huang, Lourens Van der meij
Venue: Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (2008)

Prolog is an excellent tool for representing and manipulating data written in formal languages as well as natural language. Its safe semantics and automatic memory management make it a prime candidate for programming robust Web services. Although Prolog is commonly seen as a component in a Web application that is either embedded or communicates using a proprietary protocol, we propose an architecture where Prolog communicates to other components in a Web application using the standard HTTP protocol. By avoiding embedding in external Web servers, development and deployment become much easier. To support this architecture, in addition to the transfer protocol, we must also support parsing, representing and generating the key Web document types such as HTML, XML and RDF. This article motivates the design decisions in the libraries and extensions to Prolog for handling Web documents and protocols. The design has been guided by the requirement to handle large documents efficiently. The described libraries support a wide range of Web applications ranging from HTML and XML documents to Semantic Web RDF processing. The benefits of using Prolog for Web-related tasks are illustrated using three case studies.
On the Design of MAC Protocols for Low-Latency Hard Real-Time Discrete Control Applications over 802.15.4 Hardware
Authors: Krishna Kant Chintalapudi, Lakshmi Venkatraman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks (2008)

Discrete event control loops in modern-day machines often comprise a large number of sensors (50-200) reporting to a controller. Many discrete control applications must cater to hard real-time requirements i.e. sensors must communicate the occurrence of critical events to the controller within a real-time deadline (usually 5-50ms) specified by the control system's design requirements. Messages reached after this deadline are considered lost. In the event of traffic bursts where several sensors may attempt to communicate with the PLC at the same time, messages from all the sensors must reach within the specified deadline. The metric for performance in such systems is then the probability that a message from all the sensors succeeds in being received at the controller within this deadline. Further, for such solutions to be viable, the sensors must last for several years without requiring change of batteries. In this paper we examine the potential for using 802.15.4 based radios for wireless sensing in low-latency hard real-time discrete event control applications.
A Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Indoor Localisation and Motion Monitoring
Authors: Lasse Klingbeil, Tim Wark
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks (2008)

This paper describes the development and deployment of a wireless sensor network for monitoring human motion and position in an indoor environment. Mobile sensor nodes comprising mote-type devices, along with inertial sensors are worn by persons moving inside buildings. Motion data is preprocessed onboard mobile nodes and transferred to a static network of seed nodes using a delay tolerant protocol with minimal radio packet overhead. A Monte Carlo based localisation algorithm is implemented, which uses a person's pedometry data, indoor map information and seed node positions to provide accurate, real-time indoor location information. The performance of the network protocols and localisation algorithm are evaluated using simulated and real experimental data.
Volumetric stem biomass modelling using multiple regression
Authors: Noraini Abdullah, Zainodin Hj. Jubok, J. B. Nigel Jonney
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2007)

This paper presented the development of a simple model for obtaining the stem volume of a tropical tree species, that is, Cinnamomum iners based on the two volumetric equations, namely, the Huber's and Newton's equations. Variables considered during data collection were height of stem or trunk, height of tree, diameter at breast height, diameter at middle and diameter at top of the stem before the crown. Correlation tests were done to screen and select these possible variables with their interactions. The eight criteria model selection(8SC) process was also done to obtain the best model. However, the best model was found to be in the form of multiple regressions (MR) of interactions up to the fourth order.
Transforming general networks into feed-forward by using turn-prohibition
Authors: Juan Echagüe, Jesús Villadangos, Vicent Cholvi, Manuel Prieto
Venue: Computer Communications (2008)

The issue of breaking cycles in communication networks is an important topic for several reasons. For instance, it is required when transparent bridges are filling the forwarding tables. It is also needed to prevent the occurrence of deadlocks caused by certain routing protocols. Furthermore, most of the techniques used to work with communication networks can only be applied if the network topology is free of cycles. We present a distributed protocol which, applied to any network topology, provides a cycle-free topology. Our approach is based on the prohibition of only certain turns in the network. In contrast to previous proposals, our protocol is fully distributed, and thus does not require nodes to have knowledge of the global network topology. Furthermore, it allows multiple nodes to initiate the protocol in an independent manner. This feature can be used to cope with new nodes entering the system, as well as with nodes leaving it (voluntarily or due to a failure). We provide a detailed description of our proposal, formal proof of correctness, and an analysis of its performance.
Information fusion in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Eduardo F. Nakamura, Antonio A. F. Loureiro
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are commonly treated as a distributed database system that is accessed by means of a query language. However, the computation of such queries are usually performed by information fusion techniques. Information fusion has been used by applications to detect/classify events, track targets, and filter noisy measurements. In this tutorial, we discuss some of the information fusion techniques that are currently used in WSNs.
A software defined approach for common baseband processing
Authors: Muhammad Imran Anwar, Seppo Virtanen, Jouni Isoaho
Venue: Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal (2008)

We present a novel software defined approach for designing and implementing common baseband processing tasks. Our focus is on exploring the algorithmic and architectural design spaces of 3G and 4G systems to identify the computational and geometric structures shared by diverse coding schemes, services and hardware platforms, and the efficient and flexible integration of these structures on innovative extensible hardware. With an existing protocol processor design framework as our starting point, we add flexibility to the physical layer of the radio application domain by defining a methodology and a hardware platform for designing programmable open wireless architecture-enabled device instances. The proposed methodology executes in two phases: (a) initial design, which is done to a single standard using our design principles and methods, and (b) extension phase where the system upgrade is done component by component. The approach standardizes control structures, component abstractions, implementation of the architecture itself as well as methods for interactive optimization. Thus, in both design phases there is only a need to consider changes in component functionality and connectivity. We demonstrate the approach by initially targeting digital television, and then extending the system with minimal effort to support GSM. The costs of the GSM extension in the system were an area increase of 2.4%, a power increase of 2.7% and four days in hardware design and verification.
Implementation of threads as an operating systems project
Authors: John L. Donaldson
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2008)

In this paper the author describes a two-part programming assignment that has been used in an undergraduate operating systems course. The assignment is to write a user-level thread library, similar to the POSIX pthreads library, for a Unix or linux system.
On length-separating test tube systems
Authors: Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú, Sergey Verlan
Venue: Natural Computing: an international journal (2008)

In this article we introduce a new variant of test tube systems based on splicing where the communication of the words among the test tubes is based on filtering by their lengths. The model, called length-separating test tube systems, is motivated by the gel electrophoresis laboratory technique. We prove that these constructs, even with restricted size parameters, simulate the Turing machines. We also discuss some natural restrictions and generalizations of the model, which may be used to find efficient ways to realize DNA transformations in the laboratory.
Do bad smells indicate "trouble" in code?
Authors: Min Zhang, Tracy Hall, Nathan Baddoo, Paul Wernick
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 workshop on Defects in large software systems (2008)

In 1999 Fowler et al. identified 22 Bad Smells in code to direct the effective refactoring. These are increasingly being used by software engineers. However, the empirical basis of using Bad Smells to direct refactoring and to address 'trouble' in code is not clear. Our project aims to empirically investigate the impact of Bad Smells on software in terms of their relationship to faults.
Confidence-weighted linear classification
Authors: Mark Dredze, Koby Crammer, Fernando Pereira
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (2008)

We introduce confidence-weighted linear classifiers, which add parameter confidence information to linear classifiers. Online learners in this setting update both classifier parameters and the estimate of their confidence. The particular online algorithms we study here maintain a Gaussian distribution over parameter vectors and update the mean and covariance of the distribution with each instance. Empirical evaluation on a range of NLP tasks show that our algorithm improves over other state of the art online and batch methods, learns faster in the online setting, and lends itself to better classifier combination after parallel training.
Low Dimensional Reproduction Strategy for Real-Coded Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Changtong Luo, Shaoliang Zhang, Bo Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (icis 2008) (2008)

The strategy of low dimensional reproduction (LDR) is proposed for real-coded evolutionary algorithms (REAs) in this paper. It preserves some (randomly chosen) components of the local best vector (elite individual) in the reproduction process and let the traditional reproduction operators act on the rest components. Thus it could help the search points escape from the hyperplane where the parents individuals lies, as well as keep them from getting too much decentralized and search mainly along a series of orthogonal directions (coordinate). The LDR strategy provides a universal idea to improve the performance of REAs. Four REAs are taken as examples to show the effect of the strategy. Numerical results show that the proposed strategy can accelerate the convergence speed of the applied algorithms considerably. In addition, the strategy is computational saving, easy to implement, and easy to control.
A New Negotiation Mechanism for Agent-Based Lecture Allocation Systems
Authors: Yoshihito Saito, Takayuki Fujimoto, Tokuro Matsuo
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (icis 2008) (2008)

Elective Subject is one of important issues as education program in University. Students can declare their preferences directly by selecting it. In most of university, to allocate elective subjects to the students, university staffs poll students the lectures they want to take. However, due to the limitation of time and number of staffs, the hearing investigation includes the reason and the intention in which students select the lectures. Some students sometimes take a lecture for their career, for academical interest, and for assimilation of knowledge. However, some students might take the lecture following the crowd and take the lecture as Mickey Mouse. The latter case is undesirable for the higher education. To solve the problem, in this paper, we propose a new multi-step lecture allocation method based on students preferences and university intentions. Our protocol has three steps. (1) University warns students who must take a certain lecture to graduate and get a license. (2) Using students preferences, lectures are allocated. (3) Students exchange lectures to increase their intentions and utilities. Our protocol realizes the high performance of allocation compared with brute force algorithm and reducing computational costs compared with optimizations.
Power delivery for high performance microprocessors
Authors: Srikanth Balasubramanian
Venue: Proceeding of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design (2008)

Robust power delivery is considered one the prime challenges in chip design today. As the frequency and complexity of microprocessors increase, the static and dynamic components of power supply noise increase. However, keeping with Moore's law, the voltage supply to semiconductor chips have been scaling down, thereby reducing margins. There are other challenges including efficiency and power dissipation of the power delivery sub system itself. This presentation will try to discuss these challenges and the solutions employed by the industry to over come of these. The talk will conclude with some discussion on future technologies to improve the overall efficiency of power delivery.
Ceramic Interconnect Technology Handbook, 1 edition
Authors: III,  Fred D. Barlow, Aicha Elshabini
Venue:  (2007)

Ceramics were among the first materials used as substrates for mass-produced electronics, and they remain an important class of packaging and interconnect material today. Most available information about ceramic electronics is either outdated or focused on their materials science characteristics. The Ceramic Interconnect Technology Handbook goes beyond the traditional approach by first surveying the unique properties of ceramics and then discussing design, processing, fabrication, and integration, as well as packaging and interconnect technologies. Collecting contributions from an outstanding panel of experts, this book offers an up-to-date overview of modern ceramic electronics, from design and material selection to manufacturing and implementation. Beginning with an overview of the development, properties, advantages, and applications of ceramics, coverage spans electrical design, testing, simulation, thermomechanical design, screen printing, multilayer ceramics, photo-defined and photo-imaged films, copper interconnects for ceramic substrates, and integrated passive devices in ceramic substrates. It also offers a detailed review of the surface, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of various ceramics as well as the processing of high- and low-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC and LTCC) substrates. Opening new vistas and avenues of advancement, the Ceramic Interconnect Technology Handbook is the only source for comprehensive discussion and analysis of nearly every facet of ceramic interconnect technology and applications.
Early Warning Signs of it Project Failure: The Dominant Dozen
Authors: Leon A. Kappelman, Robert McKeeman, Lixuan Zhang
Venue: The EDP Audit, Control, and Security Newsletter (2007)

The postmortem examination of failed IT projects reveals that long before the failure there were significant symptoms or "early warning signs." This article describes the top 12 people-related and project-related IT project risks, based on "early warning sign" data collected from a panel of 19 experts and a survey of 55 IT project managers.
Application of scaled boundary finite element method on soil-structure interaction: two dimensions dynamic coupled consolidation analysis of fully saturated soils
Authors: Mahmoud Hassanen
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2007)

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) combines the advantages of finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM). Therefore, it is considered as a powerful tool to analyse the soil-structure interaction problems. In this research, this method is extended to include Biot's coupled consolidation in order to deal with fully saturated soil as two-phase medium. The general 2D dynamic analysis case, including body forces and surface tractions in different media in the frequency domain, is formulated. In addition, Chebyshev pseudospectral method is introduced for solving the FE coupled consolidation equations.