ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Algorithm for Graph-Based Active Learning
Authors: Wentao Zhao, Jun Long, En Zhu, Yun Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd annual international workshop on Frontiers in Algorithmics (2008)

In many learning tasks, to obtain labeled instances is hard due to heavy cost while unlabeled instances can be easily collected. Active learners can significantly reduce labeling cost by only selecting the most informative instances for labeling. Graph-based learning methods are popular in machine learning in recent years because of clear mathematical framework and strong performance with suitable models. However, they suffer heavy computation when the whole graph is in huge size. In this paper, we propose a scalable algorithm for graph-based active learning. The proposed method can be described as follows. In the beginning, a backbone graph is constructed instead of the whole graph. Then the instances in the backbone graph are chosen for labeling. Finally, the instances with the maximum expected information gain are sampled repeatedly based on the graph regularization model. The experiments show that the proposed method obtains smaller data utilization and average deficiency than other popular active learners on selected datasets from semi-supervised learning benchmarks.
Mechanical reliability evaluation of Sn-37Pb solder joint using high speed lap-shear test
Authors: Seong-jae Jeon, Seungmin Hyun, Hak-Joo Lee, Jong-Woong Kim, Sang-Su Ha, Jeong-Won Yoon, Seung-Boo Jung, Hoo-Jeong Lee
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

This study utilized a high speed lap-shear test to evaluate the mechanical behavior of Sn-37Pb/Cu under bump metallization (UBM) solder joints under high speed loading and hence the drop reliability. The samples were aged for 120h at different temperatures (150^o@?, 180^o@?) and then tested at different displacement rates in the range of 0.01mm/s to 500mm/s to examine the effects of aging on the drop reliability. The combination of the stress-strain graphs captured from the shear tests and the fracture morphology analysis discloses that the aging at high temperatures has influenced critically the deformation behavior of the solder joints and the effects appears more significant at high strain rates. This study demonstrates a unique capability of a drop reliability evaluation method that utilizes a high speed lap-shear test.
A Retrospective on Murφ
Authors: David L. Dill
Venue: 25 Years of Model Checking: History, Achievements, Perspectives (2008)

Murφ is a formal verification system for finite-state concurrent systems developed as a research project at Stanford University. It has been widely used for many protocols especially for multiprocessor cache coherence protocols and cryptographic protocols. This paper reviews the history of Murφ, some of results that of the project, and lessons learned.
A low-cost energy measurement setup and improving the accuracy of energy simulators for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Thomas Trathnigg, Moser Jürgen, Reinhold Weiss
Venue: Proceedings of the workshop on Real-world wireless sensor networks (2008)

Energy efficiency is one of the most important requirements for wireless sensor networks. Therefore, it is important to have accurate measurements of the energy consumption of the nodes in a network. We propose an measurement approach capable to handle this issue. In the development of wireless sensor network applications simulators are often used to verify the correctness of the application. Simulators as PowerTOSSIM are further capable to simulate the energy consumption. Doubtless, such energy simulator can be of great benefit, but their accuracy is an important issue. Previous measurements have shown that the results of PowerTOSSIM's energy simulation deviate up to 30% from our measurement results. Our previous measurement setup has been improved and a new prototype was build. Evaluation of our new prototype shows, that energy measurements of mica2 motes are possible with very good accuracy at low costs. The measurement setup can easily be adapted to other platforms. This paper shows an approach how to improve the accuracy of energy simulators for wireless sensor networks. We use our measurement setup to calibrate the energy model of PowerTOSSIM. Finally, our calibrated version of the energy model is evaluated and compared to the original version. Our results show that the accuracy of energy simulators can be greatly improved by our approach.
Adaptive Priority Based Distributed Dynamic Channel Assignment for Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Tope R. Kareem, Karel Matthee, H. Anthony Chan, Ntsibane Ntlatlapa
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks (2008)

This paper investigates the challenges involve in designing a dynamic channel assignment (DCA) scheme for wireless mesh networks, particularly for multi-radio systems.It motivates the need for fast switching and process coordination modules to be incorporated in DCA algorithm for multi-radio systems. The design strategy is based on a reinterpretation of an adaptive priority mechanism as an iterative algorithm that recursively allocate a set of channels to radios in a fair and efficient manner in order to minimise interference and maximise throughputs. The algorithm, called Adaptive Priority Multi-Radio Channel Assignment (APMCA) is tested for overall performance to assess the effectiveness by determining its overall computational complexity.The combined advantages of fast switching time and process coordination modules make the APMCA a useful candidate towards automating the channel assignment method in multi-radio wireless mesh network planning and design.
Preventing Premature Convergence in a Simple EDA Via Global Step Size Setting
Authors: Petr Pošík
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN X (2008)

When a simple real-valued estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) with Gaussian model and maximum likelihood estimation of parameters is used, it converges prematurely even on the slope of the fitness function. The simplest way of preventing premature convergence by multiplying the variance estimate by a constant factor k each generation is studied. Recent works have shown that when increasing the dimensionality of the search space, such an algorithm becomes very quickly unable to traverse the slope and focus to the optimum at the same time. In this paper it is shown that when isotropic distributions with Gaussian or Cauchy distributed norms are used, the simple constant setting of k is able to ensure a reasonable behaviour of the EDA on the slope and in the valley of the fitness function at the same time.
Amusing titles in scientific journals and article citation
Authors: Itay Sagi, Eldad Yechiam
Venue: Journal of Information Science (2008)

The present study examines whether the use of humor in scientific article titles is associated with the number of citations an article receives. Four judges rated the degree of amusement and pleasantness of titles of articles published over 10 years (from 1985 to 1994) in two of the most prestigious journals in psychology, Psychological Bulletin and Psychological Review. We then examined the association between the levels of amusement and pleasantness and the article's monthly citation average. The results show that, while the pleasantness rating was weakly associated with the number of citations, articles with highly amusing titles (2 standard deviations above average) received fewer citations. The negative association between amusing titles and subsequent citations cannot be attributed to differences in the title length and pleasantness, number of authors, year of publication, and article type (regular article vs comment). These findings are discussed in the context of the importance of titles for signalling an article's content.
Coordinated Multi-robot Exploration with SRT-Radial
Authors: Alfredo Toriz P., Abraham Sánchez L., Maria A. L.
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th Ibero-American conference on AI: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2008)

A multi robot system can be highly beneficial for exploration, a core robotic task. This work presents an approach to multi robot exploration based in a parallelization of the single-robot SRT method. Each robot in the team constructs a SRT, taking into account the presence of others robots by means of a suitable redefinition of its local frontier and planning its motion towards areas that have not been explored by itself, and by the rest of the team. The strategy is completely decentralized and can be implemented with a limited communication range. Simulation results in various environments are presented to show the performance of our proposed strategy.
The use of coherent ray tracing for physically accurate rendering
Authors: B. Kh. Barladyan, A. G. Voloboi, K. A. Vostryakov, V. A. Galaktionov, L. Z. Shapiro
Venue: Programming and Computing Software (2008)

As the power of modern microprocessors increases, the coherent ray tracing becomes increasingly popular in computer graphics because the use of SIMD instructions considerably speeds up this operation. However, after speeding up ray tracing, it turns out that other algorithms for physically accurate rendering, such as the calculation of illumination or application of texture, etc., become a bottleneck in improving the performance. In this paper, a coherent physically accurate rendering algorithm is proposed that makes use of SIMD instructions of modern processors at each stage of the image generation. Coherent algorithms for the calculation of illumination and materials, for antialiasing, and for tone mapping are presented. The comparison of the execution time of coherent and incoherent algorithms using benchmark scenes showed that the former are considerably faster.
The bondage numbers of extended de Bruijn and Kautz digraphs
Authors: Jia Huang, Jun-Ming Xu
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2006)

In this paper, we consider the bondage number b(G) for a digraph G, which is defined as the minimum number of edges whose removal results in a new digraph with larger domination number. This parameter measures to some extent the robustness of an interconnection network with respect to link failures. By constructing a family of minimum dominating sets, we compute the bondage numbers of the extended de Bruijn digraph and the extended Kautz digraph. As special cases, we obtain for the de Bruijn digraph B(d, n) and the Kautz digraph K(d, n) that b(B(d, n)) = d if n is odd and d =
Adaptive Dynamic Programming for a Class of Nonlinear Control Systems with General Separable Performance Index
Authors: Qinglai Wei, Derong Liu, Huaguang Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks, Part II (2008)

In this paper, an iterative scheme for a class of dynamic programming problem with general separable performance index has been studied. For the dynamic programming problem, the performance index function is time-varying and doesn't have the uniformed recurrent formulation. Noticing such prominent feature, adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method is introduced. The proposed method aims to find out the efficient solution of the dynamic programming. Because of the approximation of the performance index, the optimal control can be computed forward-in-time. A proof is given to guarantee the convergence, and finally a case study shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efficient Disjointness Tests for Private Datasets
Authors: Qingsong Ye, Huaxiong Wang, Josef Pieprzyk, Xian-Mo Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy (2008)

We present efficient protocols for private set disjointness tests. We start from an intuition of our protocols that applies Sylvester matrices. Unfortunately, this simple construction is insecure as it reveals information about the cardinality of the intersection. More specifically, it discloses its lower bound. By using the Lagrange interpolation we provide a protocol for the honest-but-curious case without revealing any additional information. Finally, we describe a protocol that is secure against malicious adversaries. The protocol applies a verification test to detect misbehaving participants. Both protocols require O(1) rounds of communication. Our protocols are more efficient than the previous protocols in terms of communication and computation overhead. Unlike previous protocols whose security relies on computational assumptions, our protocols provide information theoretic security. To our knowledge, our protocols are first ones that have been designed without a generic secure function evaluation. More importantly, they are the most efficient protocols for private disjointness tests for the malicious adversary case.
Approximately bisimilar symbolic models for nonlinear control systems
Authors: Giordano Pola, Antoine Girard, Paulo Tabuada
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2008)

Control systems are usually modeled by differential equations describing how physical phenomena can be influenced by certain control parameters or inputs. Although these models are very powerful when dealing with physical phenomena, they are less suited to describe software and hardware interfacing with the physical world. For this reason there is a growing interest in describing control systems through symbolic models that are abstract descriptions of the continuous dynamics, where each ''symbol'' corresponds to an ''aggregate'' of states in the continuous model. Since these symbolic models are of the same nature of the models used in computer science to describe software and hardware, they provide a unified language to study problems of control in which software and hardware interact with the physical world. Furthermore, the use of symbolic models enables one to leverage techniques from supervisory control and algorithms from game theory for controller synthesis purposes. In this paper we show that every incrementally globally asymptotically stable nonlinear control system is approximately equivalent (bisimilar) to a symbolic model. The approximation error is a design parameter in the construction of the symbolic model and can be rendered as small as desired. Furthermore, if the state space of the control system is bounded, the obtained symbolic model is finite. For digital control systems, and under the stronger assumption of incremental input-to-state stability, symbolic models can be constructed through a suitable quantization of the inputs.
Real-Time Visual Grasp Synthesis Using Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks
Authors: Antonio Chella, Haris Dindo, Francesco Matraxia, Roberto Pirrone
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of automatic grasp synthesis of unknown planar objects. In other words, we must compute points on the object's boundary to be reached by the robotic fingers such that the resulting grasp, among infinite possibilities, optimizes some given criteria. Objects to be grasped are represented as superellipses, a family of deformable 2D parametric functions. They can model a large variety of shapes occurring often in practice by changing a small number of parameters. The space of possible grasp configurations is analyzed using genetic algorithms. Several quality criteria from existing literature together with kinematical and mechanical considerations are considered. However, genetic algorithms are not suitable to applications where time is a critical issue. In order to achieve real-time characteristics of the algorithm, neural networks are used: a huge training-set is collected off-line using genetic algorithms, and a feedforward network is trained on these values. We will demonstrate the usefulness of this approach in the process of grasp synthesis, and show the results achieved on an anthropomorphic arm/hand robot.
Computers in the Representative Process-III
Authors: H. T. Larson
Venue: Computer (1970)

The first two parts of this series have reviewed (1) the use of computers in vote tallying, and (2) present trends for use of computers in the U. S. Legislature. We have identified opportunities for you to become personally involved, and have identified responsibilities for the computer profession. We conclude this series with a proposed new use of computers in the representative process.
Revisiting adaptation for 802.11 networks: design and evaluation
Authors: Songwu Lu
Venue:  (2007)

Adaptation is a popular design principle for wireless networking protocols and algorithms. There are many forms of adaptation to handle dynamics that exhibit along different dimensions. To develop a successful adaptive solution, we need to answer the following three questions: (1) What should the design adapt to?, (2) How should the solution adapt?, and (3) How well can the solution adapt? While failure to answer the first two questions will lead to an incomplete solution, failure to answer the last one will result in inaccurate evaluation. This dissertation illustrates how to answer all three questions by using rate adaptation as a case study. We first use Rate Adaptation to show how to answer the first two questions. Rate adaptation is a mechanism to adjust the transmission rate in an 802.11 device based on dynamic channel conditions. It is critical to the overall system performance, as it exploits the multi-rate capabilities at the physical layer. We conduct a systematic, experimental study on rate adaptation over 802.11 wireless networks. First, we critique current design guidelines adopted by existing algorithms. Our study reveals that these guidelines can be misleading in practice, therefore incur performance penalty. Second, we design and implement a new Robust Rate Adaptation Algorithm (RRAA). Our extensive experiments have shown that RRAA performs consistently well in different scenarios. Next, we study the evolution of How models to answer the last question. Realistic flow models are important to system evaluation, as they capture the typical network behaviors. Several early studies have been performed over wireless networks in campus, corporate, and conference settings. Yet little is known about the evolution of flow models. Two main results from this study are: (1) existing modeling approaches are applicable to the new dataset, but the parameters of the models have to be updated over time, and (2) spatial similarity of flows has increased significantly from 2002 to 2003. We explain the results from the perspective of users and applications. As 802.11 networks are evolving, such a study can help us to better understand how to design a meaningful evaluation benchmark for wireless networks.
An Efficient Method for Activity Recognition of the Elderly Using Tilt Signals of Tri-axial Acceleration Sensor
Authors: Sa-Kwang Song, Jaewon Jang, Soojun Park
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (2008)

We propose an activity recognition system for the elderly using a wearable sensor module embedding a tri-axial accelerometer, considering maximization of battery life. The sensor module embedding both a tri-axial acceleration sensor and an RF transmission module is worn at the right side of one's waistband. It connects and transfers sensing data to subject's PDA phone. Then, an algorithm on the PDA phone accumulates the data and classifies them as an activity. We utilize 3 tilts in addition to 3 acceleration values, compared to previous works. However, we reduce the sampling rate of the sensing data for saving battery life. As an activity classifier, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm is used, and we have achieved 96% of accuracy in detecting an activity out of 9. It shows the proposed method can save the battery life without losing the recognition accuracy compared to related works.
Contractile Analysis with Kriging Based on MR Myocardial Velocity Imaging
Authors: Su-Lin Lee, Andrew Huntbatch, Guang-Zhong Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Part I (2008)

Diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease requires a full understanding of the intrinsic contractile mechanics of the heart. MR myocardial velocity imaging is a promising technique for revealing intramural cardiac motion but its ability to depict 3D strain tensor distribution is constrained by anisotropic voxel coverage of velocity imaging due to limited imaging slices and the achievable SNR in patient studies. This paper introduces a novel Kriging estimator for simultaneously improving the tracking and dense inter-slice estimation of the myocardial velocity data. A harmonic embedding technique is employed to determine point correspondence between left ventricle models between subjects, allowing for a statistical shape model to be reconstructed. The use of different semivariograms is investigated for optimal deformation reconstruction. Results from in vivo data demonstrate a marked improvement in tracking myocardial deformation, thus enhancing the potential clinical value of MR myocardial velocity imaging.
Pragmatics in foreign language instruction: the effects of pedagogical intervention and technology on the development of efl learners' realization of "request"
Authors: Lauren Cifuentes, Zohreh Eslami
Venue:  (2007)

This study investigated the effectiveness of explicit pragmatic instruction on the acquisition of requests by college-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Taiwan. The researcher applied quantitative and qualitative approaches to determine first whether the use of explicit pragmatic instruction had a positive effect on EFL learners&rsquo; pragmatic competence. Second, the relative effectiveness of presenting pragmatics through two delivery systems&mdash;face-to-face, in-class activities and computer-mediated communication (CMC) via e-mail and WebCT&mdash;was compared. One hundred and eighteen Taiwanese undergraduate students who made up three intact classes in an &ldquo;English for Tourism&rdquo; course completed the entire study. The three groups were: (1) the control group, in which students received no explicit instruction on pragmatics but received instructor-led lessons from the textbook&rsquo;s teacher&rsquo;s manual, (2) the experimental/Teacher Instruction (TI) group, in which students learned pragmatics in a face-to-face classroom setting with explicit instruction on pragmatics, and (3) the experimental/CMC group, in which students learned pragmatics explicitly through e-mail and WebCT discussions with their partners at Texas A M University. There were 40 Taiwanese students in the control group, 36 Taiwanese students in the experimental/Teacher Instruction group and 42 Taiwanese students in the experimental/CMC group. Treatment types (Control/TI/CMC) were randomly assigned to the intact classes. The results showed that explicit pragmatic instruction had a positive impact on the EFL learners in both the Teacher Instruction and CMC groups. Learners who received explicit pragmatic instruction performed better on the Discourse Completion Task posttest than those who did not. The findings also indicated that technology can be a valuable tool for delivering pragmatics instruction.
The equivalent circuits of shells used in airframe construction
Authors: R. H. MacNeal
Venue: Proceedings of the February 4-6, 1953, western computer conference (1953)

In discussing elastic shells one must be careful to state clearly the type of shell being discussed. Although a complete description together with restrictive assumptions will be given later, it is well to state at the outset that the type of shell discussed in this paper is the type to be found in aircraft fuselage construction. Such a shell has an elongated shape and consists of a thin skin supported by rings and longitudinal members. In analyzing such shells it is the universal practice to replace the elastic supporting rings by rigid bulkheads in order to simplify the analysis. This assumption will not be made in this paper.