ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Crossmodal congruence: the look, feel and sound of touchscreen widgets
Authors: Eve Hoggan, Topi Kaaresoja, Pauli Laitinen, Stephen Brewster
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2008)

Our research considers the following question: how can visual, audio and tactile feedback be combined in a congruent manner for use with touchscreen graphical widgets? For example, if a touchscreen display presents different styles of visual buttons, what should each of those buttons feel and sound like? This paper presents the results of an experiment conducted to investigate methods of congruently combining visual and combined audio/tactile feedback by manipulating the different parameters of each modality. The results indicate trends with individual visual parameters such as shape, size and height being combined congruently with audio/tactile parameters such as texture, duration and different actuator technologies. We draw further on the experiment results using individual quality ratings to evaluate the perceived quality of our touchscreen buttons then reveal a correlation between perceived quality and crossmodal congruence. The results of this research will enable mobile touchscreen UI designers to create realistic, congruent buttons by selecting the most appropriate audio and tactile counterparts of visual button styles.
A methodology to allow rural extension professionals to build target-specific expert systems for Australian rural business operators
Authors: Shah Jahan Miah, Don V. Kerr, John G. Gammack
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

Expert systems (ES) development technology has been used to build rural business applications in the past but these have usually been developed using traditional expert systems shells. This paper introduces a new architecture for the development of a design environment where the domain experts can build a knowledge base for target-specific ES for rural business operators. The system allows rural business operators to use their own knowledge in building their own, target-specific ES for tailored development to their own specific requirements. At this stage, this reusable design environment caters for the Australian dairy industry but in the long run we claim it will be useful for the other livestock based rural industries such as beef cattle and sheep. This approach of developing target-specific ES contributes new knowledge in that it provides a new way of developing decision support by allowing human domain experts to develop relevant ES for different livestock farming business. An evolutionary prototyping approach was employed for initial development of a proof of concept example and as a method of outlining the solution environment. Multiple qualitative data collection methods were engaged to facilitate knowledge acquisition in the domain of milk protein enhancement for dairy operations. This paper also describes the generic development procedure used in this project.
Interaction techniques for the analysis of complex data on high-resolution displays
Authors: Chreston Miller, Ashley Robinson, Rongrong Wang, Pak Chung, Francis Quek
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2008)

When combined with the organizational space provided by a simple table, physical notecards are a powerful organizational tool for information analysis. The physical presence of these cards affords many benefits but also is a source of disadvantages. For example, complex relationships among them are hard to represent. There have been a number of notecard software systems developed to address these problems. Unfortunately, the amount of visual details in such systems is lacking compared to real notecards on a large physical table; we look to alleviate this problem by providing a digital solution. One challenge with new display technology and systems is providing an efficient interface for its users. In this paper we look at comparing different interaction techniques of an emerging class of organizational systems that use high-resolution tabletop displays. The focus of these systems is to more easily and efficiently assist interaction with information. Using PDA, token, gesture, and voice interaction techniques, we conducted a within subjects experiment comparing these techniques over a large high-resolution horizontal display. We found strengths and weaknesses for each technique. In addition, we noticed that some techniques build upon and complement others.
Review: Neural networks and statistical techniques: A review of applications
Authors: Mukta Paliwal, Usha A. Kumar
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

Neural networks are being used in areas of prediction and classification, the areas where statistical methods have traditionally been used. Both the traditional statistical methods and neural networks are looked upon as competing model-building techniques in literature. This paper carries out a comprehensive review of articles that involve a comparative study of feed forward neural networks and statistical techniques used for prediction and classification problems in various areas of applications. Tabular presentations highlighting the important features of these articles are also provided. This study aims to give useful insight into the capabilities of neural networks and statistical methods used in different kinds of applications.
Softening up hard science: reply to newel1 and card
Authors: John M. Carroll, Robert L. Campbell
Venue: Human-computer interaction (1986)

A source of intellectual overhead periodically encountered by scientists is the call to be "hard," to ensure good science by imposing severe methodological strictures. Newell and Card (1985) undertook to impose such strictures on the psychology of human-computer interaction. Although their discussion contributes to theoretical debate in human-computer interaction by setting a reference point, their specific argument fails. Their program is unmotivated, is severely limited, and suffers from these limitations in principle. A top priority for the psychology of human-computer interaction should be the articulation of an alternative explanatory program, one that takes as its starting point the need to understand the real problems involved in providing better computer tools for people to use.
Accurate sequence-based prediction of catalytic residues
Authors: Tuo Zhang, Hua Zhang, Ke Chen, Shiyi Shen, Jishou Ruan, Lukasz Kurgan
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Motivation: Prediction of catalytic residues provides useful information for the research on function of enzymes. Most of the existing prediction methods are based on structural information, which limits their use. We propose a sequence-based catalytic residue predictor that provides predictions with quality comparable to modern structure-based methods and that exceeds quality of state-of-the-art sequence-based methods. Results: Our method (CRpred) uses sequence-based features and the sequence-derived PSI-BLAST profile. We used feature selection to reduce the dimensionality of the input (and explain the input) to support vector machine (SVM) classifier that provides predictions. Tests on eight datasets and side-by-side comparison with six modern structure-and sequence-based predictors show that CRpred provides predictions with quality comparable to current structure-based methods and better than sequence-based methods. The proposed method obtains 15–19% precision and 48–58% TP (true positive) rate, depending on the dataset used. CRpred also provides confidence values that allow selecting a subset of predictions with higher precision. The improved quality is due to newly designed features and careful parameterization of the SVM. The features incorporate amino acids characterized by the highest and the lowest propensities to constitute catalytic residues, Gly that provides flexibility for catalytic sites and sequence motifs characteristic to certain catalytic reactions. Our features indicate that catalytic residues are on average more conserved when compared with the general population of residues and that highly conserved amino acids characterized by high catalytic propensity are likely to form catalytic sites. We also show that local (with respect to the sequence) hydrophobicity contributes towards the prediction. Availability: http://biomine.ece.ualberta.ca/CRpred/CRpred.htm Contact: lkurgan@ece.ualberta.ca Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automated sip detection in naturally-evoked video
Authors: Rana el Kaliouby, Mina Mikhail
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2008)

Quantifying consumer experiences is an emerging application area for event detection in video. This paper presents a hierarchical model for robust sip detection that combines bottom-up processing of face videos, namely real-time head action unit analysis and and head gesture recognition, with top-down knowledge about sip events and task semantics. Our algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 82% in videos that feature single sips, and an average accuracy of 78% and false positive rate of 0.3%, in more challenging videos that feature multiple sips and chewing actions. We discuss the generality of our methodology to detecting other events in similar contexts.
O2S2: enhanced object-based virtualized storage
Authors: Himanshu Raj, Karsten Schwan
Venue: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (2008)

Object based storage devices (OSDs) elevate the level of abstraction presented to clients, thereby permitting them to offer methods for managing, sharing, and securing information that go beyond those offered by block-based stores. The Object-Oriented Storage System (O2S2) architecture presented and evaluated in this paper provides object-based storage in a virtualized environment. This service provides a virtual object-based storage device (vOSD) to virtual machines. The use of vOSDs permits the service provider, i.e., the vOSD storage domain, to offer to guest virtual machines new methods for resource management and consolidation Methods demonstrated in this paper include improved support for access control and for heterogeneity of storage devices. A prototype PVFS-based O2S2 implementation demonstrates that its enhanced services can be provided at low cost, enabled in part by the efficient utilization of otherwise idle storage domain resources.
Fuzzy programming problem in the weakly structurable dynamic system and choice of decisions
Authors: Gia Sirbiladze, Anna Sikharulidze, Natia Sirbiladze
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control (2008)

This work deals with the problems of the Weakly Structurable Continuous Dynamic System (WSCDS) optimal control and briefly discuss the results developed by G. Sirbiladze [17]. Sufficient and necessary conditions are presented for the existence of an extremal fuzzy optimal control processes, for which we use R. Bellman's optimality principle and take into consideration the gain-loss fuzzy process. A separate consideration is given to the case where an extremal fuzzy control process acting on the WSCDS (1) depends and (2) does not depend on an WSCDS state. Applying Bellman's optimality principle and assuming that the gain-loss process exists for the WSCDS, a variant of the fuzzy integral representation of an optimal control is given for the WSCDS. This variant employs the instrument of extended extremal fuzzy composition measures constructed in [16]. The questions of defining a fuzzy gain relation for the WSCDS are considered, taking into account the available expert knowledge on the WSCDS subject-matter. An example of constructing of the WSCDS optimal control is presented.
An interior point algorithm for continuous minimax: implementation and computation
Authors: B. Rustem, S. Zakovic, P. Parpas
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2008)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the constrained continuous minimax problem. The algorithm, motivation, and numerical experience are reported in this paper. Theoretical properties and the convergence of the proposed method are discussed in a separate paper [B. Rustem, S. Zakovic, and P. Parpas, Convergence of an interior point algorithm for continuous minimax, J. Optim. Theory Appl. (2007), in press]. The algorithm uses quasi-Newton search direction, based on sub-gradient information, conditional on maximizers. The initial problem is transformed to an equivalent equality constrained problem, where the logarithmic barrier function is used to ensure feasibility. In the case of multiple maximizers, the algorithm adopts semi-infinite programming iterations towards epi-convergence. Satisfaction of the equality constraints is ensured by an adaptive quadratic penalty function. The algorithm is augmented by a discrete minimax procedure to compute the semi-infinite programming steps and ensure overall progress when required by the adaptive penalty procedure. Progress towards the solution is maintained using merit functions. Computational results are included to illustrate the efficient performance of the algorithm.
Cycle Time Prediction: When Will This Case Finally Be Finished?
Authors: B. F. Dongen, R. A. Crooy, W. M. Aalst
Venue: Proceedings of the OTM 2008 Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008. Part I on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: (2008)

A typical question for people dealing with administrative processes is: "When will my case be finished?". In this paper, we show how this question can be answered, using historic information in the form of event logs of the systems supporting these administrative processes. Many information systems record information about activities performed for past cases in logs. Hence, to provide insights into the remaining cycle time of a case, the current case can be compared to all past ones.The most trivial way of estimating the remaining cycle time of a case is by looking at the average cycle time and deducting the already past time of the case under consideration. However, in this paper we show how to compute the remaining cycle time using non-parametric regression on the data recorded in event logs. An experiment is presented that demonstrates that our techniques perform well on logs taken from practice.
Web search engine working as a bee hive
Authors: Pavol Navrat, Martin Kovacik Anna Bou Ezzeddine Viera Rozinajova
Venue: Web Intelligence and Agent Systems (2008)

A new approach to web search that is based on a bee hive metaphor is presented. We proposed a modified model of a bee hive. Our model comprises of a dance floor, an auditorium, and a dispatch room. We have shown that the model is a true model of a bee hive in the sense it simulates several kinds of its typical behaviour. However, more importantly it is a simple model that describes some processes taking place in web search. Our model incorporates also several kinds of uncertainty. Experiments show that uncertainty increases robustness of the search and makes it actually more efficient.
SP1: service oriented architecture (SOA) concepts and implementations for Ada
Authors: Ricky E. Sward
Venue: ACM SIGAda Ada Letters (2008)

Level - Intermediate. This tutorial covers the principles of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) including loose coupling, encapsulation, reusability, composibility, etc. The attendee will learn about the Ada Web Server (AWS) and how SOA interfaces, session management, etc. are implemented using AWS. The tutorial will also cover the fundamentals of the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), a key enabling component of the SOA. Attendees will learn about ESB endpoints, data routing, automatic translations, etc. They will also learn how to connect Ada web services to an ESB, how to expose the web services, and how to use AWS with the ESB through in-class exercises and demonstrations.
Protein-ligand interaction prediction
Authors: Laurent Jacob, Jean-Philippe Vert
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Motivation: Predicting interactions between small molecules and proteins is a crucial step to decipher many biological processes, and plays a critical role in drug discovery. When no detailed 3D structure of the protein target is available, ligand-based virtual screening allows the construction of predictive models by learning to discriminate known ligands from non-ligands. However, the accuracy of ligand-based models quickly degrades when the number of known ligands decreases, and in particular the approach is not applicable for orphan receptors with no known ligand. Results: We propose a systematic method to predict ligand–protein interactions, even for targets with no known 3D structure and few or no known ligands. Following the recent chemogenomics trend, we adopt a cross-target view and attempt to screen the chemical space against whole families of proteins simultaneously. The lack of known ligand for a given target can then be compensated by the availability of known ligands for similar targets. We test this strategy on three important classes of drug targets, namely enzymes, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and ion channels, and report dramatic improvements in prediction accuracy over classical ligand-based virtual screening, in particular for targets with few or no known ligands. Availability: All data and algorithms are available as Supplementary Material. Contact: laurent.jacob@ensmp.fr Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Methodic design of a measurement and control system for climate control in horticulture
Authors: S. L. Speetjens, H. J. J. Janssen, G. van Straten, Th. H. Gieling, J. D. Stigter
Venue: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (2008)

Many papers describe applications of advanced controllers in greenhouses. As control literature focusses on control algorithms, the layout of the measurement and control system is usually underexposed. Unfortunately, commercially available greenhouse climate control systems do not have the necessary flexibility to accommodate these types of controllers. This paper describes a systematic approach to the design of a flexible measurement and control system, that can be adjusted to suit most control research in horticulture. Individual functions within a measurement and control system are identified and alternative solutions are given. The approach is applied to the design of the measurement and control system for the Watergy greenhouse. The controllers (in software) are versatile and setpoints can be generated by the easy-to-use user interface as well as by external software (like Matlab). Data is centrally stored and the system is easy to expand. It has been shown that the system has functioned robustly for the last 3 years. It has the capability to serve as basis for research and testing of various advanced control strategies in the Watergy system with adaptive model-based control as a final goal.
Basic navigation, guidance and control of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle
Authors: Massimo Caccia, Marco Bibuli, Riccardo Bono, Gabriele Bruzzone
Venue: Autonomous Robots (2008)

This paper discusses the navigation, guidance and control (NGC) system of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) through extended at sea trials carried out with the prototype autonomous catamaran Charlie. In particular, experiments demonstrate the effectiveness, both for precision and power consumption, of extended Kalman filter and simple PID guidance and control laws to perform basic control tasks such as auto-heading, auto-speed and straight line following with a USV equipped only with GPS and compass.
Multidimensional velocity filters for visual scene analysis in automotive driver assistance systems
Authors: Joerg Velten, Sam Schauland, Anton Kummert
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2008)

Automotive scenery often contains objects that can be classified by object speed and movement direction. These features can be extracted from video data by linear n-D filters, which have already been analyzed in the past. While soundness of results was convincing, interest in those systems declined due to the reduced computational abilities of contemporary computers. Modern hardware allows realization of velocity filters, if the n-D system is carefully adapted to the analysis problem. The present paper analyzes the premises for application of velocity filters in the domain of automotive driver assistance systems, i.e. with respect to detectability of objects and implementability in a cost effective way. Especially the influence of the frame rate and the temporal violation of the sampling theorem are analyzed. Transfer functions for n-D filters working in a vision-based blind spot collision avoidance system are presented and discussed, and promising approaches for future application fields are proposed.
Direct methods with maximal lower bound for mixed-integer optimal control problems
Authors: Sebastian Sager, Hans Georg Bock, Gerhard Reinelt
Venue: Mathematical Programming: Series A and B (2009)

Many practical optimal control problems include discrete decisions. These may be either time-independent parameters or time-dependent control functions as gears or valves that can only take discrete values at any given time. While great progress has been achieved in the solution of optimization problems involving integer variables, in particular mixed-integer linear programs, as well as in continuous optimal control problems, the combination of the two is yet an open field of research. We consider the question of lower bounds that can be obtained by a relaxation of the integer requirements. For general nonlinear mixed-integer programs such lower bounds typically suffer from a huge integer gap. We convexify (with respect to binary controls) and relax the original problem and prove that the optimal solution of this continuous control problem yields the best lower bound for the nonlinear integer problem. Building on this theoretical result we present a novel algorithm to solve mixed-integer optimal control problems, with a focus on discrete-valued control functions. Our algorithm is based on the direct multiple shooting method, an adaptive refinement of the underlying control discretization grid and tailored heuristic integer methods. Its applicability is shown by a challenging application, the energy optimal control of a subway train with discrete gears and velocity limits.
A geometric theory for 2-D systems including notions of stabilisability
Authors: Lorenzo Ntogramatzidis, Michael Cantoni, Ran Yang
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2008)

In this paper we consider the problem of internally and externally stabilising controlled invariant and output-nulling subspaces for two-dimensional (2-D) Fornasini---Marchesini models, via static feedback. A numerically tractable procedure for computing a stabilising feedback matrix is developed via linear matrix inequality techniques. This is subsequently applied to solve, for the first time, various 2-D disturbance decoupling problems subject to a closed-loop stability constraint.