ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
I felt like a contributing member of the class: increasing class participation with classcommons
Authors: Honglu Du, Mary Beth Rosson, John M. Carroll, Craig Ganoe
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work (2009)

In this paper we describe the design and first deployment experiences of a platform-independent, interactive video commenting system, ClassCommons, using a large public display in two sections of a large-enrollment university class. Our preliminary evaluation suggests that students enjoyed the activity of commenting, that they participated a great deal, and that their sense of community was greater after using the system. Further analysis revealed that reading the comments and posting relevant comments are associated with increases in community members' sense of community. We discuss lessons learned and describe further work we are planning using this and similar interactive activities.
Interactive Multimedia for Adaptive Online Education
Authors: Irene Cheng, Anup Basu, Randy Goebel
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2009)

The Computer Reinforced Online Multimedia Education (Crome) system gives students the opportunity to complete a curriculum adjusted to their knowledge level using computer adaptive testing.
Hybrid-type CAM design for both power and performance efficiency
Authors: Yen-Jen Chang, Yuan-Hong Liao
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2008)

Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a hardware table that can compare the search data with all the stored data in parallel. Due to the parallel comparison feature where a large amount of transistors are active on each lookup, however, the power consumption of CAM is usually considerable. This paper presents a hybrid-type CAM design which aims to combine the performance advantage of the NOR-type CAM with the power efficiency of the NAND-type CAM. In our design, a CAM word is divided into two segments, and then all the CAM cells are decoupled from the match line. By minimizing both the match line capacitances and switching activities, our design can largely reduce the power consumption of CAM. The experimental results show that the hybrid-type CAM can reduce the search energy consumption by roughly 89% compared to the traditional NOR-type CAM. Because the hybrid-type CAM provides a fast pull-down path to speed up the lightweight match line discharge, the search performance of our design is even better than that of the traditional NOR-type CAM.
Fast circuit simulation on graphics processing units
Authors: Kanupriya Gulati, John F. Croix, Sunil P. Khatr, Rahm Shastry
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2009)

SPICE based circuit simulation is a traditional workhorse in the VLSI design process. Given the pivotal role of SPICE in the IC design flow, there has been significant interest in accelerating SPICE. Since a large fraction (on average 75%) of the SPICE runtime is spent in evaluating transistor model equations, a significant speedup can be availed if these evaluations are accelerated. This paper reports on our early efforts to accelerate transistor model evaluations using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We have integrated this accelerator with a commercial fast SPICE tool. Our experiments demonstrate that significant speedups (2.36x on average) can be obtained. The asymptotic speedup that can be obtained is about 4x. We demonstrate that with circuits consisting of as few as about 1000 transistors, speedups in the neighborhood of this asymptotic value can be obtained. By utilizing the recently announced (but not currently available) quad GPU systems, this speedup could be enhanced further, especially for larger designs.
A 65nm dual-mode baseband and multimedia application processor SoC with advanced power and memory management
Authors: Tatsuya Kamei, Tetsuhiro Yamada, Takao Koike, Masayuki Ito, Takahiro Irita, Kenichi Nitta, Toshihiro Hattori, Shinichi Yoshioka
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2009)

A Dual-mode baseband (W-CDMA/HSDPA and GSM/GPRS/EDGE) and multimedia application processor SoC is described. The SoC fabricated in triple-Vth 65nm CMOS has 3 CPU cores and 20 separate power domains to achieve both high performance and low power. The SoC adopts the Partial Clock Activation scheme that reduces power by 42% for long-time music replay. The IP-MMU is introduced to reduce maximum memory footprint by 43MB, sharing external memory among CPUs and HW-IPs using virtual address space that enables reuse of physically fragmented memory.
Logic-Level Analysis of Fault Attacks and a Cost-Effective Countermeasure Design
Authors: Masahiro Kaminaga, Takashi Watanabe, Takashi Endo, Toshio Okochi
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

This article analyzes the internal mechanism of fault attacks on microcontrollers and proposes a cost-effective hardware and software countermeasure design policy. Reliable branch operations are essential to DFA-resistant hardware. Our method is based on a logical fault attack simulation to find the minimum set of signals that contribute to faults in the branch operations and is also based on applying partially redundant logic.
Data analysis, visualization and knowledge discovery in sustainable data centers
Authors: Manish Marwah, Ratnesh Sharma, Rocky Shih, Chandrakant Patel, Vaibhav Bhatia, Mohandas Mekanapurath, Rajkumar Velumani, Sankaragopal Velayudhan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd Bangalore Annual Compute Conference (2009)

A significant amount of energy consumption is now attributed to data centers due to their ever increasing numbers, size and power densities. Thus, there are efforts focused at making a data center more sustainable by reducing its energy consumption and carbon footprint. This requires an end-to-end management approach with requirements derived from service level agreements (SLAs) and a flexible infrastructure that can be closely monitored and finely controlled. The infrastructure can then be manipulated to satisfy the requirements while optimizing for sustainability metrics and total cost of operations. In this paper, we explore the role of data analysis, visualization and knowledge discovery techniques in improving the sustainability of a data center. We present use cases from a large, sensor-rich, state-of-the-art data center on the application of these techniques to the three main sub-systems of a data center, namely, power, cooling and compute. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for where these techniques can be used within these sub-systems for improving sustainability metrics of a data center.
A database for designing large physical systems
Authors: C. Eastman, J. Lividini, D. Stoker
Venue: Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1975, national computer conference and exposition (1975)

To date, paper and pencil have been the principal medium for problem-solving and communication in architecture and engineering. While the computer has helped analyze topological and 2-dimensional problems, the drawingboard has remained the principal problem-solving tool for complex 3-dimensional systems.
Application of High Temperature Superconductor Technology in a UHF Digital Trunking Communication System
Authors: Kai Yang, Jinming Lai, Shirong Bu, Zhengxiang Luo, Cheng Zeng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 01 (2009)

In this paper, the application of high temperature superconductor technology in a UHF digital trunking communication system is introduced. The results of the experiment indicated that HTSC (high temperature superconductor) technology can improve the digital sensitivity of the base station more than 6dB in the complex electromagnetic environment, which equals that the coverage radius of base station is improved about twice, that is to say, the coverage area can be extended to four times.
HeartBeat: an outdoor pervasive game for children
Authors: Remco Magielse, Panos Markopoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

This paper reports the design of a pervasive game for children to demonstrate the design vision of Head-Up games, a genre of pervasive games that puts outdoors play center stage, combining the benefits of traditional outdoor games with the opportunities for richer experiences and innovation offered by new media. The design of the game, called HeartBeat, explores the use of physiological sensing and more specifically heart rate measurement as input to the game and as an approach to enhance the pervasive gaming experience. Evaluation with 32 children outdoors showed how the game promotes physical activity and social interaction between children in ways one would expect from traditional outdoor games.
Predicting the probability of survival in intensive care unit patients from a small number of variables and training examples
Authors: Oscar Luaces, Francisco Taboada, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Luis A. Domínguez, Pedro Enríquez, Antonio Bahamonde
Venue: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2009)

Objective: Survival probability predictions in critically ill patients are mainly used to measure the efficacy of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The available models are functions induced from data on thousands of patients. Eventually, some of the variables used for these purposes are not part of the clinical routine, and may not be registered in some patients. In this paper, we propose a new method to build scoring functions able to make reliable predictions, though functions whose induction only requires records from a small set of patients described by a few variables. Methods: We present a learning method based on the use of support vector machines (SVM), and a detailed study of its prediction performance, in different contexts, of groups of variables defined according to the source of information: monitoring devices, laboratory findings, and demographic and diagnostic features. Results: We employed a data set collected in general ICUs at 10 units of hospitals in Spain, 6 of which include coronary patients, while the other 4 do not treat coronary diseases. The total number of patients considered in our study was 2501, 19.83% of whom did not survive. Using these data, we report a comparison between the SVM method proposed here with other approaches based on logistic regression (LR), including a second-level recalibration of release III of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE, a scoring system commonly used in ICUs) induced from the available data. The SVM method significantly outperforms them all from a statistical point of view. Comparison with the commercial version of APACHE III shows that the SVM scores are slightly better when working with data sets of more than 500 patients. Conclusions: From a practical point of view, the implications of the research reported here may be helpful to address the construction of cheap and reliable prediction systems in accordance with the peculiarities of ICUs and kinds of patients.
Real-time view-dependent rendering of parametric surfaces
Authors: Christian Eisenacher, Quirin Meyer, Charles Loop
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games (2009)

We propose a view-dependent adaptive subdivision algorithm for rendering parametric surfaces on parallel hardware. Our framework allows us to bound the screen space error of a piecewise linear approximation. We naturally assign more primitives to curved areas while keeping quads large for flatter parts of the model and avoid cracks resulting from the polygonal approximation of non-uniform patch subdivision. The overall algorithm is simple, fits current GPUs extremely well, and is surprisingly fast while producing little to no artifacts.
Traffic and quality characterization of the H.264/AVC scalable video coding extension
Authors: Geert Van der Auwera, Prasanth T. David, Martin Reisslein, Lina J. Karam
Venue: Advances in Multimedia (2008)

The recent scalable video coding (SVC) extension to the H.264/AVC video coding standard has unprecedented compression efficiency while supporting a wide range of scalability modes, including temporal, spatial, and quality (SNR) scalability, as well as combined spatiotemporal SNR scalability. The traffic characteristics, especially the bit rate variabilities, of the individual layer streams critically affect their network transport. We study the SVC traffic statistics, including the bit rate distortion and bit rate variability distortion, with long CIF resolution video sequences and compare them with the corresponding MPEG-4 Part 2 traffic statistics. We consider (i) temporal scalability with three temporal layers, (ii) spatial scalability with a QCIF base layer and a CIF enhancement layer, as well as (iii) quality scalability modes FGS and MGS. We find that the significant improvement in RD efficiency of SVC is accompanied by substantially higher traffic variabilities as compared to the equivalent MPEG-4 Part 2 streams. We find that separately analyzing the traffic of temporal-scalability only encodings gives reasonable estimates of the traffic statistics of the temporal layers embedded in combined spatiotemporal encodings and in the base layer of combined FGS-temporal encodings. Overall, we find that SVC achieves significantly higher compression ratios than MPEG-4 Part 2, but produces unprecedented levels of traffic variability, thus presenting new challenges for the network transport of scalable video.
Audio Data Indexing: Use of Second-Order Statistics for Speaker-Based Segmentation
Authors: Perrine Delacourt, Christian Wellekens
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

The content-based indexing task considered in this paper consists in recognizing from their voice, speakers involved in a conversation. A new approach for speaker-based segmentation, which is the first necessary step for this indexing task, is described. Our study is done under the assumptions that no prior information on speakers is available, that the number of speakers is unknown and that people do not speak simultaneously. Audio data indexing is commonly divided in two parts : audio data is first segmented with respect to speakers utterances and resulting segments associated with a given speaker are merged together. In this work, we focus on the first part and we propose a new segmentation method based on second order statistics. The practical significance of this study is illustrated by applying our new technique to real data to show its efficiency.
Extracting Topic Maps from Web Pages
Authors: Motohiro Mase, Seiji Yamada, Katsumi Nitta
Venue: New Frontiers in Applied Data Mining: PAKDD 2008 International Workshops, Osaka, Japan, May 20-23, 2008. Revised Selected Papers (2009)

We propose a framework to extract topic maps from a set of Web pages. We use the clustering method with the Web pages and extract the topic map prototypes. We introduced the following two points to the existing clustering method: The first is merging only the linked Web pages, thus extracting the underlying relationships between the topics. The second is introducing weighting based on similarity from the contents of the Web pages and relevance between topics of pages. The relevance is based on the types of links with directories in Web sites structure and the distance between the directories in which the pages are located. We generate the topic map prototypes from the results of the clustering. Finally, users complete the prototype by labeling the topics and associations and removing the unnecessary items. For this paper, at the first step, we mounted the proposed clustering method and extracted the prototype with the method.
Computational fluid dynamics prediction of the air-core in hydrocyclones
Authors: Jose A. Delgadillo, Raj K. Rajamani
Venue: International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics (2009)

The air-core diameter was successfully predicted by large eddy simulation and volume of fluid models. The dynamics of the flow for 75-and 250-mm hydrocyclones was evaluated in 11 cases in which the spigot diameter, conical length, vortex finder diameter, diameter of the hydrocyclone and viscosity of the fluid were changed. FLUENT™ 6.0 code was used to compute the dynamics of the flow. The air-core profiles demonstrated the accuracy of the simulations. A reduction in the spigot increases tangential velocity and hence air-core diameter is increased. An increase in hydrocyclone diameter also increases air-core diameter, while the vortex finder or an increase in fluid viscosity inversely influences it. The vortex finder influences inversely air-core diameter. The increase in viscosity of the fluid reduces air-core diameter. The computational time required to reach the solution increases as the domain size increases. The LES model cannot be used in everyday cases to optimise hydrocyclones, but it is an outstanding tool to study new designs.
e-grama: a tool for bridging the digital divide in rural India
Authors: Rama Krushna Das, Manas Ranjan Patra, Subash Chandra Mahapatra
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (2008)

This paper describes our experience in the implementation of "e-Grama" project in nine different districts of Orissa province in India. The project was initiated as a pilot in one of the relatively developed districts and extended to eight other underdeveloped districts of the province. The research findings elaborate on how "e-Grama" is helping as a tool to bridge the digital divide and capacity building in the rural areas. It also highlights the active role of volunteers of youth clubs affiliated to the Government and different local non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in the successful implementation of the project. It explains how "e-Grama" has served as an effective tool for the Government to disseminate varieties of information to the rural mass. It also puts forth the problems faced during the implementation of "e-Grama" in the underdeveloped districts. Finally, it is shown that how the public-private-people partnership model of "e-Grama" accounted for the successful implementation of the project with the active involvement of the citizen.
Diver: A Dynamic Interactive Video Retrieval Protocol for Disk Array Based Servers
Authors: Senthil Sengodan, Victor O. K. Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

Video-on-demand (VOD) is a very promising multimedia application of the near future. In order for such a service to be commercially viable, efficient storage and retrieval schemes need to be designed. Grouping MPEG frames into segments and retrieving segments instead of individual frames can result in a more efficient use of disk retrieval resources. In conjunction with efficient scheduling protocols for handling multiple users, a large number of users can be supported resulting in a more cost-effective system with good Quality of Service (QoS). Our contribution in this paper is two-fold:1) we propose a scheme for grouping MPEG frames into segments wherein no frames are discarded during fast playback (with segment skipping) due to the unavailability of other frames needed for their decoding. The grouping scheme can handle any desired segment size and the fast playback rate can also take on any desired value.2) we propose the Dynamic Interactive Video Retrieval (DIVeR) protocol, a protocol for scheduling the retrieval of multiple users from disk-array servers. DIVeR has a low interactive latency while supporting a large number of users at a high QoS. Two variations - DIVeR-2 and DIVeR-3 - are discussed.Numerical results utilizing both schemes are provided using data from an MPEG coded video of ``Star Wars'' and a model of the Seagate Barracuda disk.
Resource Discovery Techniques in Distributed Desktop Grid Environments
Authors: Jik-soo Kim, Beomseok Nam, Peter Keleher, Michael Marsh, Bobby Bhattacharjee, Alan Sussman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (2006)

Desktop grids use opportunistic sharing to exploit large collections of personal computers and workstations across the Internet, achieving tremendous computing power at low cost. Traditional desktop grid systems are typically based on a client-server architecture, which has inherent shortcomings with respect to robustness, reliability and scalability. In this paper, we propose a decentralized, robust, highly available, and scalable infrastructure to match incoming jobs to available resources. Through a comparative analysis on the experimental results obtained via simulation of three different types of matchmaking algorithms under different workload scenarios, we show the trade-offs between effcient matchmaking and good load balancing in a fully decentralized, heterogeneous computational environment.
The comparisons of random survival forests and Cox regression analysis with simulation and an application related to breast cancer
Authors: Imran Kurt Omurlu, Mevlut Ture, Füsun Tokatli
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

The objective of this study was to compare the performances of Cox regression analysis (CRA) and random survival forests (RSF) methods with simulation and a real data set related to breast cancer. In the simulations, we compared across the methods under varying sample sizes by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The results showed that the performance of the CRA was a slightly better for analysis based on Harrell's concordance index than RSF approaches based on log-rank, conservation of events, log-rank score and approximate log-rank splitting rules. In the real data application, a retrospective analysis was performed in 279 breast cancer patients diagnosed. According to Harrell's concordance index, RSF based on approximate log-rank splitting rule to determined major risk factors for disease-free survival (DFS) showed a slightly better performance than other approaches. In general, performances of all the methods were almost similar. The predictive capability of CRA can be used for different sample sizes and potential future suitable survival data problems, whereas RSF provide interpretive results.
The value of postponing online fulfillment decisions in multi-channel retail/e-tail organizations
Authors: Stephen Mahar, P. Daniel Wright
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2009)

Many retail/e-tail organizations assign responsibilities for online sales immediately and to the closest fulfillment location that has available stock. Unfortunately there is little research on the value of using such policies in retail/e-tail companies. To fill this gap, this paper examines two aspects of the online fulfillment assignment decision that differ from current practice. We propose that online sales should be accumulated before they are assigned to a fulfillment site and that more inventory position information should be leveraged into the fulfillment decision. Specifically, we develop and evaluate a ''quasi-dynamic'' allocation policy that assigns accumulated online sales to fulfillment locations based on expected inventory, shipping, and customer wait costs. Computational results show that our policy can reduce costs (i.e., holding, backorder, transportation cost) at the fulfillment locations by as much as 23% on average over a commonly used transportation cost policy. In addition, postponing the allocation decision and allowing sales to accumulate can reduce inventory costs at the fulfillment sites by 14% over common practice of instantaneously assigning online sales responsibilities. The magnitude of the benefit depends critically on the number of allocations made each period and the fraction of total sales coming from the online channel. Although postponement delays receipt of online sales, our findings suggest that explicitly incorporating customer service in the allocation decision can improve product availability at little or no additional cost.