ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Towards combining web classification and web information extraction: a case study
Authors: Ping Luo, Fen Lin, Yuhong Xiong, Yong Zhao, Zhongzhi Shi
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2009)

Web content analysis often has two sequential and separate steps: Web Classification to identify the target Web pages, and Web Information Extraction to extract the metadata contained in the target Web pages. This decoupled strategy is highly ineffective since the errors in Web classification will be propagated to Web information extraction and eventually accumulate to a high level. In this paper we study the mutual dependencies between these two steps and propose to combine them by using a model of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). This model can be used to simultaneously recognize the target Web pages and extract the corresponding metadata. Systematic experiments in our project OfCourse for online course search show that this model significantly improves the F1 value for both of the two steps. We believe that our model can be easily generalized to many Web applications.
Later stages support for security requirements
Authors: Jose Romero-Mariona, Hadar Ziv, Debra J. Richardson
Venue: The Fifth Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference: Intellect, Initiatives, Insight, and Innovations (2009)

Software security concerns are frequent, widespread, and with potentially harmful consequences. We believe that security concerns should not only be specified as part of software requirements, but should also be supported during later stages of development (architecture, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance). This paper focuses on security requirements and the support available for them past their creation. As part of ongoing research we surveyed 12 approaches to security requirements engineering and identified the level of support each approach provides on a variety of areas related to later stages support. We show that support for security requirements after they are specified is lacking at best, creating opportunities for significant improvement and further research in this area.
On the annihilation number of a graph
Authors: Ryan Pepper
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th american conference on Applied mathematics (2009)

In this note, we introduce a graph invariant called the annihilation number and show that it is a sharp upper bound on the independence number. While the invariant does not distinguish between different graphs with the same degree sequence - since it is determined solely by the degrees - it still outperforms many well known upper bounds on independence number. The process which leads to the annihilation number is related to the process developed independently by Havel [17] and Hakimi [16] to determine whether or not there existed a simple graph with a given sequence of non-negative integers as its degree sequence.
Interactions between different hierarchies of internet service providers
Authors: John C. Lui
Venue:  (2008)

The current Internet is a hierarchical architecture comprising heterogeneous entities of privately owned infrastructures, where higher tier Internet service providers (ISPs) supply connectivity to the lower tier ISPs and charge them for the transit service. One of the most challenging problems service providers facing today is how to increase the profitability while maintaining good service qualities as the network scales up. For the higher tier ISPs, the main concern is how to increase the profit by attracting more lower tier ISPs (or traffic), while the lower tier ISPs concern about the connectivity, quality of service as well as the cost of the transit service. In this thesis, we seek to understand the interaction between different hierarchies of ISPs. Note that the lower tier ISPs can transmit traffic to each other, either by purchasing the service from higher tier ISPs, or by setting "private peering links" between themselves. Higher tier ISPs, on the other hand, cannot charge the transit service at will since there is competition among higher tier ISPs. We model the interaction of these ISPs via a game theoretic approach. Under this competitive framework, we study the issues of (a) impact of private peering relationship among the lower tier ISPs, (b) resource allocation of the higher tier ISPs so that resource monopoly can be avoided, (c) under a competitive market, how can the higher tier ISPs perform revenue maximization, and (d) conditions wherein higher tier ISPs are willing to perform network upgrade when we scale up the network size. We divide the above investigation into single higher tier ISP and multiple higher tier ISPs scenarios. In each scenario, firstly, a generalized model is presented to characterize the behaviors of the lower tier and higher tier ISPs, in which their economic interests are reflected. We study how a lower tier ISP can distributively determine its optimal routing strategy. Furthermore, we show how a higher tier ISP is able to utilize the available information to infer its optimal pricing strategy, under which a revenue maximization is achieved. Two distributed algorithms are proposed to help them to provide a fair and efficient bandwidth allocation to lower tier ISPs. Last but not least, we investigate the above issues in a many-ISPs-regime, i.e. we scale up the network size. Our mathematical framework provides insights on the interaction among ISPs and show these ISPs can still gain profits as they upgrade the network infrastructures. Extensive simulations are carried out to quantify and support our theoretical claims.
Chipper --A Novel Algorithm for Concept Description
Authors: Ulf Johansson, Cecilia Sönströd, Tuve Löfström, Henrik Boström
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Tenth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence: SCAI 2008 (2008)

In this paper, several demands placed on concept description algorithms are identified and discussed. The most important criterion is the ability to produce compact rule sets that, in a natural and accurate way, describe the most important relationships in the underlying domain. An algorithm based on the identified criteria is presented and evaluated. The algorithm, named Chipper, produces decision lists, where each rule covers a maximum number of remaining instances while meeting requested accuracy requirements. In the experiments, Chipper is evaluated on nine UCI data sets. The main result is that Chipper produces compact and understandable rule sets, clearly fulfilling the overall goal of concept description. In the experiments, Chipper's accuracy is similar to standard decision tree and rule induction algorithms, while rule sets have superior comprehensibility.
IPTV: Reinventing Television in the Internet Age
Authors: Greg Thompson, Yih-Farn Robin Chen
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2009)

IPTV is reinventing television for the Internet age, enabling much more freedom of choice, control, and interactivity while delivering a rich, high-definition entertaining, educational, and informational visual experience to a wide variety of connected devices with the ease-of-use required by today's consumers. They introduce the technologies, architecture, and standards associated with this emerging new technology.
The tradeoff between spatial jitter and latency in pointing tasks
Authors: Andriy Pavlovych, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems (2009)

Interactive computing systems frequently use pointing as an input modality, while also supporting other forms of input such as alphanumeric, voice, gesture, and force. We focus on pointing and investigate the effects of input device latency and spatial jitter on 2D pointing speed and accuracy. First, we characterize the latency and jitter of several common input devices. Then we present an experiment, based on ISO 9241-9, where we systematically explore combinations of latency and jitter on a desktop mouse to measure how these factors affect human performance. The results indicate that, while latency has a stronger effect on human performance compared to low amounts of spatial jitter, jitter dramatically increases the error rate, roughly inversely proportional to the target size. The findings can be used in the design of pointing devices for interactive systems, by providing a guideline for choosing parameters of spatial filtering to compensate for jitter, since stronger filtering typically also increases lag. We also describe target sizes at which error rates start to increase notably, as this is relevant for user interfaces where hand tremor or similar factors play a major role.
Exploring Scientific Workflow Provenance Using Hybrid Queries over Nested Data and Lineage Graphs
Authors: Manish Kumar Anand, Shawn Bowers, Timothy Mcphillips, Bertram Ludäscher
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2009)

Existing approaches for representing the provenance of scientific workflow runs largely ignore computation models that work over structured data, including XML. Unlike models based on transformation semantics, these computation models often employ update semantics, in which only a portion of an incoming XML stream is modified by each workflow step. Applying conventional provenance approaches to such models results in provenance information that is either too coarse (e.g., stating that one version of an XML document depends entirely on a prior version) or potentially incorrect (e.g., stating that each element of an XML document depends on every element in a prior version). We describe a generic provenance model that naturally represents workflow runs involving processes that work over nested data collections and that employ update semantics. Moreover, we extend current query approaches to support our model, enabling queries to be posed not only over data lineage relationships, but also over versions of nested data structures produced during a workflow run. We show how hybrid queries can be expressed against our model using high-level query constructs and implemented efficiently over relational provenance storage schemes.
Prevention of harmful behaviors within cognitive and autonomous agents
Authors: Caroline Chopinaud, Amal El Fallah Seghrouchni, Patrick Taillibert
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy (2006)

Being able to ensure that a multiagent system will not generate undesirable behaviors is essential within the context of critical applications (embedded systems or real-time systems). The emergence of behaviors from the agents interaction can generate situations incompatible with the expected system execution. The standard methods to validate a multiagent system do not prevent the occurrence of undesirable behaviors during its execution in real condition. We propose a complementary approach of dynamic self-monitoring and self-regulation allowing the agents to control their own behavior. This paper goes on to present the automatic generation of self-controlled agents. We use the observer approach to verify that the agents behavior respects a set of laws throughout the system execution.
Enhancement of Chest Radiograph Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zhenghao Shi, Lifeng He, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Hidenori Itoh
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part III (2009)

The effect of anatomical noise is one of the major challenges for the early detection of pulmonary nodules in chest radiograph. A method aimed at eliminating these anatomical noises while enhancing contrast of anatomical feature is presented. The method is based on local modification of gradient magnitude values provided by the redundant dyadic wavelet transform. It includes two key steps. The first one is to threshold wavelet coefficients, which is accomplished by using a threshold strategy. The purpose of this operation is to reduce the effect of background and anatomical noise on the region of interesting in the chest radiograph. The second one is to do a normalization operation for all retained wavelet coefficients at a same scale. The purpose of this operation is to ensure that the enhanced image is not sensitive to the variance of radiograph acquirement environment. Experimental results (performed under different conditions.) indicate the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method in radiography enhancement.
FloodNet: coupling adaptive sampling with energy aware routing in a flood warning system
Authors: Jing Zhou, David De Roure
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2007)

We describe the design of FloodNet, a flood warning system, which uses a grid-based flood predictor model developed by environmental experts to make flood predictions based on readings of water level collected by a set of sensor nodes. To optimize battery consumption, the reporting frequency of sensor nodes is required to be adaptive to local conditions as well as the flood predictor model. We therefore propose an energy aware routing protocol which allows sensor nodes to consume energy according to this need. This system is notable both for the adaptive sampling regime and the methodology adopted in the design of the adaptive behavior, which involved development of simulation tools and very close collaboration with environmental experts.
Automated Nanohandling by Microrobots, 1st edition
Authors: Sergej Fatikow, Sergej Fatikow
Venue:  (2007)

The rapid development of nanotechnology has created a need for advanced nanohandling tools and techniques. One active branch of research in this area focuses on the use of microrobots for automated handling of micro- and nanoscale objects. Automated Nanohandling by Microrobots presents work on the development of a versatile microrobot-based nanohandling robot station inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM serves as a powerful vision sensor, providing a high resolution and a high depth of focus, allowing different fields of application to be opened up. The pre-conditions for using a SEM are high-precision, user-friendly microrobots which can be integrated into the SEM chamber and equipped with application-specific tools. Automated Nanohandling by Microrobots introduces an actuation principle for such microrobots and presents a new robot design. Different aspects of this research field regarding the hardware and software implementation of the system components, including the sensory feedback for automated nanohandling, are discussed in detail. Extensive applications of the microrobot station for nanohandling, nano-characterization and nanostructuring are provided, together with the experimental results. Based upon the Microrobotics course for students of computer sciences and physics at the University of Oldenburg, Automated Nanohandling by Microrobots provides the practicing engineer and the engineering student with an introduction to the design and applications of robot-based nanohandling devices. Those unfamiliar with the subject will find the text, which is complemented throughout by the extensive use of illustrations, clear and simple to understand.
BGNN Neural Network Based on Improved E.Coli Foraging Optimization Algorithm Used in the Nonlinear Modeling of Hydraulic Turbine
Authors: Yijian Liu, Yanjun Fang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks on Advances in Neural Networks (2009)

A novel Bayesian-Gaussian neural network (BGNN) is proposed in this paper for the nonlinear modeling of hydraulic turbine which is difficult to obtain its mathematical model because of its complex and nonlinear characteristics. The topology and connection weights of BGNN can be set immediately when the training samples are available. The threshold matrix parameters of BGNN are updating based an improved E.Coli foraging optimization algorithm (IEFOA) which is an evolutionary optimization algorithm imitating the behaviors of E.Coli bacteria. Simulation results for the nonlinear model of hydraulic turbine generating unit are provided and demonstrate the effectiveness and shorter training time and more effective self-tuning compared with the BP neural network for the identification of hydraulic turbine generating unit.
Spreading of signal and energy in the electronic, chemical and mechanical human brain
Authors: Grmela Aleš
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Neural networks (2009)

The mechanical principles of the human brain function are very important part of the human brain research. The existing works do not mention such principle although it looks it is evident that the brain is to work as electric, chemical and mechanical biological computer. This paper is to show that it is also important attribute in process of the human brain function.
Simulation and design platform for fiber optic communication systems
Authors: Syed V. Ahamed
Venue:  (2008)

Telecommunication has the greatest impact in our daily life than any other technology. For instance, cellular phones have become necessity of every age group. In order to provide efficient service to the public, scientists, working in Telecommunication industry, are continuously searching for new technologies. The worldwide demand for bandwidth seems to double every three years.Only optical fiber can satisfy such information capacity requirements. In recent years, it has become apparent that fiber optics is steadily replacing copper wire as the standard means of signal transmission in telecommunication. They span the long distances between local phone systems providing the backbone for many network systems. Other system users include cable television services, university campuses, office buildings, industrial plants, and electric utility companies. In this research, I explore the traditional glass fiber, as well as, the emerging plastic fiber as a potential competitor. Modified FS* Fiber simulation package is developed to cover all aspects of fiber optic communication systems. It includes software to simulate both wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems and optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) systems.With the help of the modified FS* simulation model, one can observe the behavior of fiber optic systems with noisy light emitting diodes (LED). In addition, effects of leakage in erbium doped systems and variation of signal to noise ratio (SNR), with the pulse width, as well as, the fiber characteristics, can be observed. The modified FS* simulation model also contains separate routines not only to simulate the traditional glass fiber, but also to simulate the new plastic fiber.Keywords: Telecommunication, bandwidth, fiber optics, backbone, WDM, OTDM, Modified FS* fiber simulation model, SNR
Activity Inference through Sequence Alignment
Authors: Driss Choujaa, Naranker Dulay
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Location and Context Awareness (2009)

Activity inference attempts to identify what a person is doing at a given point in time from a series of observations. Since the 1980s, the task has developed into a fruitful research field and is now considered a key step in the design of many human-centred systems. For activity inference, wearable and mobile devices are unique opportunities to sense a user's context unobtrusively throughout the day. Unfortunately, the limited battery life of these platforms does not always allow continuous activity logging. In this paper, we present a novel technique to fill in gaps in activity logs by exploiting both short- and long-range dependencies in human behaviour. Inference is performed by sequence alignment using scoring parameters learnt from training data in a probabilistic framework. Experiments on the Reality Mining dataset show significant improvements over baseline results even with reduced training and long gaps in data.
A Rule System for Querying Persistent RDFS Data
Authors: Giovambattista Ianni, Thomas Krennwallner, Alessandra Martello, Axel Polleres
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (2009)

We present GiaBATA, a system for storing, aggregating, and querying Semantic Web data, based on declarative logic programming technology, namely on the dlvhex system, which allows us to implement a fully SPARQL compliant semantics, and on DLV DB , which extends the DLV system with persistent storage capabilities. Compared with off-the-shelf RDF stores and SPARQL engines, we offer more flexible support for rule-based RDFS and other higher entailment regimes by enabling custom reasoning via rules, and the possibility to choose the reference ontology on a per query basis. Due to the declarative approach, GiaBATA gains the possibility to apply well-known logic-level optimization features of logic programming (LP) and deductive database systems. Moreover, our architecture allows for extensions of SPARQL by non-standard features such as aggregates, custom built-ins, or arbitrary rulesets. With the resulting system we provide a flexible toolbox that embeds Semantic Web data and ontologies in a fully declarative LP environment.
Interaction-Oriented Agent Simulations: From Theory to Implementation
Authors: Yoann Kubera, Philippe Mathieu, Sébastien Picault
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2008)

This paper deals with the software architecture for individual-centered simulations, i.e. involving many entities interacting together. Many software architectures have been developped in this context, especially many advanced --but domain specific --frameworks. Yet those frameworks imply tight software dependencies between agents, behaviors and action selection mechanisms, which leads to many difficulties in modelling and programming. We propose a method and an architecture where interactions are reified regardless of agents, in order to obtain a complete interaction-oriented design process for simulations. Then, an agent is only an entity that can perform or undergo a set of interactions, even not specifically developped for it. Thus most interactions can be re-used in many contexts. In addition, our method clearly separates knowledge about behaviors from its processing, and thus makes the design of simulations easier. Moreover, this new and user-friendly approach helps programmers to build simulations with a large number of different behaviors at the same time, especially in the context of large-scale simulations.
Ultra-low-energy ion-beam-synthesis of Ge nanocrystals in thin ALD Al2O3 layers for memory applications
Authors: P. Dimitrakis, A. Mouti, C. Bonafos, S. Schamm, G. Ben Assayag, V. Ioannou-Sougleridis, B. Schmidt, J. Becker, P. Normand
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2009)

Structural and electrical properties of ALD-grown 5 and 7nm-thick Al"2O"3 layers before and after implantation of Ge ions (1keV, 0.5-1x10^1^6 cm^-^2) and thermal annealing at temperatures in the 700-1050^oC range are reported. Transmission Electron Microscopy reveals the development of a 1nm-thick SiO"2-rich layer at the Al"2O"3/Si substrate interface as well as the formation of Ge nanocrystals with a mean diameter of ~5nm inside the implanted Al"2O"3 layers after annealing at 800^oC for 20min. Electrical measurements performed on metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors using Ge-implanted and annealed Al"2O"3 layers reveal charge storage at low-electric fields mainly due to location of the Ge nanocrystals at a tunnelling distance from the substrate and their spatial dispersion inside the Al"2O"3 layers.