ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Actions Speak Louder Than Functions: The Importance of Manipulability and Action in Tool Representation
Authors: Marion L. Kellenbach, Matthew Brett, Karalyn Patterson
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

PET was used to investigate the neural correlates of action knowledge in object representations, particularly the left lateralized network of activations previously implicated in the processing of tools and their associated actions: ventral premotor cortex (VPMCx), posterior middle temporal gyrus (PMTG), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Judgments were made about the actions and functions associated with manipulable man-made objects (e.g., hammer); this enabled us to measure activations in response to both explicit and implicit retrieval of knowledge about actions associated with manipulable tools. Function judgments were also made about nonmanipulable artifacts (e.g., traffic light) providing a direct comparison for manipulable objects. Although neither the left VPMCx nor the left PMTG were selective for tool stimuli (nonmanipulable objects also activated these areas relative to a visual control condition), both regions responded more strongly to manipulable objects, suggesting a role for these cortical areas in the processing of knowledge associated with tools. Furthermore, these activations were insensitive to retrieval task, suggesting that visually presented tools automatically recruit both left VPMCx and left PMTG in response to action features that are inherent in tool representations. In contrast, the IPS showed clear selectivity for explicit retrieval of action information about manipulable objects. No regions of cortex were more activated by function relative to action judgments about artifacts. These results are consistent with the brain's preferential responsiveness to how we interact with objects, rather than what they are used for.
Morphological Processing in a Second Language: Behavioral and Event-related Brain Potential Evidence for Storage and Decomposition
Authors: Anja Hahne, Jutta L. Mueller, Harald Clahsen
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2006)

This study reports the results of two behavioral and two event-related brain potential experiments examining the processing of inflected words in second-language (L2) learners with Russian as their native language. Two different subsystems of German inflection were studied, participial inflection and noun plurals. For participial forms, L2 learners were found to widely generalize the -t suffixation rule in a nonce-word elicitation task, and in the event-related brain potential experiment, they showed an anterior negativity followed by a P600&mdash;both results resembling previous findings from native speakers of German on the same materials. For plural formation, the L2 learners displayed different preference patterns for regular and irregular forms in an off-line plural judgment task. Regular and irregular plural forms also differed clearly with regard to their brain responses. Whereas overapplications of the -s plural rule produced a P600 component, overapplications of irregular patterns elicited an N400. In contrast to native speakers of German, however, the L2 learners did not show an anterior negativity for -s plural overapplications. Taken together, the results show clear dissociations between regular and irregular inflection for both morphological subsystems. We argue that the two processing routes posited by dual-mechanism models of inflection (lexical storage and morphological decomposition) are also employed by L2 learners.
BRDF estimation system for structural colors
Authors: Ryo Shimada, Yoichiro Kawaguchi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence (2005)

In this paper, we provide a shading algorithm for Structural Colors which can appear on micro surfaces. To approach a common algorithm for as many micro surfaces as possible, we modeled them out of polygons which have relative index of refraction. The algorithm calculates a surface's BRDF for each wevelength by ray tracing considering interference. Interference yield different BRDF between each wavelength, and we perceive it as structural colors. We simulated not only single thin film but also multilayered thin films as typical micro surfaces causing structural colors. We illustrated calculated BRDF in 3D computer graphics using environment mapping. Rendering results in our method indicate that it represent structural colors qualitatively.
Mining Frequent 3D Sequential Patterns
Authors: Zhenqiang Tan, Anthony K. H. Tung
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2006)

We propose a mining approach, MSP, to find the Maximal Sequential 3D Patterns with the constraints of minimum support and minimum confidence. Each pattern is a group of similar sequential 3D objects appearing in a given dataset. Mining sequential patterns in terms of 3D coordinates is important and meaningful in many real-life applications. MSP finds out the maximal patterns in terms of both length and frequency without loss. MSP involves three stages: generating seeds with pairwise pattern mining, vertical extension to detect all hits with a depth-first search and horizontal extension to extend the pattern length without loss of hits. Furthermore, we propose a method to automatically detect proper settings in order to adapt MSP to various datasets. The experiments on protein chains and synthetic data show MSP significantly outperforms the alternative methods. We apply MSP to protein family classification and pattern mining in spatial moving objects. The obtained patterns correctly classify the protein families on all the tested binary-class datasets. Sample patterns in protein structures and spatial moving objects are presented.
Checking Data Integrity via the UML Class Diagram
Authors: Ahmad Alsaadi
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (2006)

The class diagram is the most important UML diagram of an object-oriented software system. It includes both the static and behavioral aspects of its system. This can serve as a pattern for a persistent collection of objects, or as a scheme for a database system, and as a set of communication diagrams at the same time. Different types of behavioral diagrams, such as the use case and sequence diagram, are applied to delineate dynamics of the class diagram. This paper describes a framework in which a UML sequence diagram for ensuring data correctness of data objects is deduced from the UML class diagram. That is the derived diagram can be used to check data structures, or data integrities, of objects in respect to persistent collections of objects, or to database systems, when these collections are updated.
Policy Specification: Meeting Changing Requirements without Breaking the System Design Contract
Authors: Peter F. Linington
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE on International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (2006)

There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the use of policies to simplify system management and to reduce costs. However, the major focus has been on the development of techniques with the greatest expressive power possible, generally viewing the policy authoring as a selfcontained activity performed by experts who understand the aims of and constraints on the system being managed. A system is normally designed to meet agreed requirements and objectives, which can be seen as constituting a design contract for the system. The aim in introducing policies should be to allow flexibility to meet changing circumstances without violating the guarantees given by this contract. This paper looks at policy specification as a step in the incremental design of systems and examines how policies need to be constrained in order to preserve the over all design objectives for the system being managed. It proposes a specification architecture for policies, discusses how it might be used, and considers how well-suited some existing specification languages and tools are to supporting this architecture.
The augurscope: refining its design
Authors: Holger Schnädelbach, Boriana Koleva, Mark Paxton, Mike Twidale, Steve Benford, Rob Anastasi
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2006)

In this paper we explore the iterative design of the Augurscope, a mobile mixed reality device for open-air museum experiences. It allows a 3D virtual environment to be viewed as if overlaid on an outdoor physical environment. While exploring a heritage site, groups of visitors can experience simulated scenes from the past from a dynamic user-controlled viewpoint by moving, rotating, and tilting the device. The development focused on creating an interface to a visualization of a medieval castle as it used to appear in relation to its current, quite different site. We describe the development and application of the Augurscope through two iterative design stages. We discuss the issues revealed through public trials with the first prototype and how they informed the design of the Augurscope 2. The deployment of this second prototype then enables us to offer insights into what makes such a novel presentation device successful in an outdoor museum environment.
Dynamic Software Security Testing
Authors: Martin R. Stytz, Sheila B. Banks
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Current software security techniques aren't able to produce the secure systems demanded by our increasingly interconnected society, so there persists the need for a more effective and scalable approach: dynamic software security testing.
An Optimal Independent Component Analysis Approach for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Nan Zhang, Xianchuan Yu, Guosheng Ding
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

Traditional Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms are based upon the underlying assumption that data implicitly model the probability density functions of the latent sources as highly symmetric. However, when source data violate these assumption, traditional methods might not work well. We propose an Optimal ICA method to model underlying sources, involving two stages procedure. For the first stage, a traditional ICA method is used to obtain initial source estimates, and then, the density of each channel source is calculated with a kernel estimator. At the second stage, it refitts each source by an adaptive nonlinear function. Our simulation data and fMRI experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can separate a wide range of source signal and improve performance on intrinsic skewed data such as the Brain Plasticity during Lexical Associating Learning data.
WLAN steganography: a first practical review
Authors: Christian Krätzer, Jana Dittmann, Andreas Lang, Tobias Kühne
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security (2006)

Two different approaches for constructing a steganographic channel in an IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) network are introduced in this paper. First test results on the reliability, undetectability and capacity of a prototypical implementation of both approaches are described and discussed.
Whither education research?: science policy implications of NSF research support
Authors: John C. Cherniavsky, Janice Earle, Hari Narayanan, Roy Pea, John Bransford, Marcia Linn
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

This session addresses policy implications of NSF support for the learning sciences. The session is organized around recent activities of NSF in the support of the learning sciences. The first presentation will address the report Cyberinfrastructure for Education and Learning for the Future and how the Learning Science community can respond to the research challenges in this report. A second theme will be a retrospective look at the Interagency Education Research Initiative and the Centers for Learning and Teaching programs and their affect on practice. A third presentation addresses the appropriateness of the core individual researcher programs in learning science at NSF. The final presentation will review some of the newly funded Science of Learning Centers from the researchers' perspectives. Discussions within this innovative session will revolve around science policy issues of funding learning science research in a constrained environment and the affect of that funding on research and practice.
Self-Organized Motion Coordination Based on Ant-like Agent
Authors: Yi Yang, Li Liu, JiuYuan Huo, Haidi Liu, Lian Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid (2006)

This paper focuses on the problem of orchestrating the movements of mobile autonomous agents and proposes an approach inspired by the robustness and emergent behavior seen in swarms combined with stochastic combinatorial optimization techniques. The main characteristics of this approach are positive/ negative feedback, decentralized computation, and context awareness. Our idea is to have the movements of agents driven by locally perceived the ant-like pheromone, generated by the agents themselves and propagated via some embedded infrastructure. A globally coordinated and adaptive behavior in the agent's movements can then emerge due to the interrelated effects of agents affected by the pheromone. We apply the proposed approach to the representative scenarios and also discuss parameter selection. Finally we extent this approach to broader uses in pervasive/ubiquitous computing fields.
Weak Links, Strong Ties
Authors: George Cybenko
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

A look at the past few years in the magazine's history, and a farewell message from the editor in chief.
Exposure-Resilient Extractors
Authors: Marius Zimand
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Annual IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity (2006)

An exposure-resilient extractor is an efficient procedure that, from a random variable with imperfect min-entropy, produces randomness that passes all statistical tests including those that have bounded access to the random variable, with adaptive queries that can depend on the string beiing tested.
Telerobotic systems for restoration work in structured hazardous environments
Authors: Jimmy Huff, Silvanus J. Udoka
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

A hazardous human environment is one in which harm could potentially occur to any human or animal that enters into it. There is a need for autonomous and/or semiautonomous systems to replace humans on such dangerous jobs. The operational reliability of the robot in the hazardous environment is critical. This paper will address possible improvements in mission success when variable controlled task programming is applied to task planning in concert with virtual simulation. This is achieved through the use of a telerobot in a structured environment to mimic its recreated structured virtual environment. By programming more of the operators' knowledge of the task into the operational aspects of the robot, the robot is better able to complete a task when and if contact is lost with its operator due to environmental conditions and/or system malfunction.
A Single-Cycle Multi-Match Packet Classification Engine Using TCAMs
Authors: Mehrdad Nourani, Miad Faezipour
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects (2006)

Most conventional packet classifiers find the highest priority filter that matches the packet. However, new networking applications such as network intrusion detection systems and load balancers require all (or the first few) matching results in packet classification. An efficient TCAM-based architecture for multimatch search is introduced in this paper. We propose a novel partitioning scheme based on filters and their intersection properties. An efficient contention resolver unit is designed to enhance performance of the search by choosing only one partition. Our approach finds all matches in exactly one conventional TCAM cycle while reducing the power consumption by at least two orders of magnitude.
A Predictive Performance Model for Superscalar Processors
Authors: P. J. Joseph, Kapil Vaswani, Matthew J. Thazhuthaveetil
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (2006)

Designing and optimizing high performance microprocessors is an increasingly difficult task due to the size and complexity of the processor design space, high cost of detailed simulation and several constraints that a processor design must satisfy. In this paper, we propose the use of empirical non-linear modeling techniques to assist processor architects in making design decisions and resolving complex trade-offs. We propose a procedure for building accurate non-linear models that consists of the following steps: (i) selection of a small set of representative design points spread across processor design space using latin hypercube sampling, (ii) obtaining performance measures at the selected design points using detailed simulation, (iii) building non-linear models for performance using the function approximation capabilities of radial basis function networks, and (iv) validating the models using an independently and randomly generated set of design points. We evaluate our model building procedure by constructing non-linear performance models for programs from the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite with a microarchitectural design space that consists of 9 key parameters. Our results show that the models, built using a relatively small number of simulations, achieve high prediction accuracy (only 2.8% error in CPI estimates on average) across a large processor design space. Our models can potentially replace detailed simulation for common tasks such as the analysis of key microarchitectural trends or searches for optimal processor design points.
Applying energy aspects on simulation of energy-intensive production systems
Authors: Petter Solding, Damir Petku
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

The electricity market within the European Union was liberalized in 2004, which means that Sweden, together with other countries with generally low electricity prices, will face higher electricity prices. This has triggered research with the aim to help energy-intensive companies reduce their electricity usage and total energy usage as well. This paper introduces a new concept for simulating energy-intensive production. Using specially built simulation models helps companies take more than the time aspect into consideration when planning their production. Often energy and power utilization is an important aspect to consider when planning, since the cost for energy and power usage can be high, especially if a "load subscription" is used and the usage is above the company's subscribed level. The methodology described helps breaking down energy parameters into three groups and gives examples of how the simulation model can be built to take energy and power into consideration.
A stochastic model for the throughput of non-persistent TCP flows
Authors: François Baccelli, David R. McDonald
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

The general aim of this paper is to analyze the throughput of a HTTP flow. For this, we introduce a simplified model of such a flow which consists of a succession of idle and download periods. The file downloads are subject to a fixed packet loss probability. The same TCP connection is possibly used for the download of a random number of files, for which the effect of the slow start is taken into account. For this stochastic model, we derive a closed form formula for the stationary throughput obtained by a flow. We also derive closed form expressions for the mean time to transfer a file and for the distribution of the throughput. Several laws of file sizes and idle times are considered including heavy tailed distributions. We also briefly discuss how the formulas can be applied to predict bandwidth sharing among competing HTTP flows.
A simulation based approach to evaluating the impact of port operation improvements on the Pacific northwest rail network
Authors: Amy M Brown, Jim Sawyer, Blair Garcia
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

This presentation reviews modeling transportation systems which include port operations and the extended railroad network used by port related traffic. The case study presented encompasses the port systems and rail networks of the Pacific Northwest. A new approach for unloading and loading ships at port is introduced in this presentation. Traditionally, a ship is completely unloaded and then loaded. The new approach greatly reduces turn around time by allowing the crane to make an unload move followed immediately by a load move, reducing the number of empty moves made by the crane. Shipments are then transferred away from the port and sorted at an inland interface center. Simulation modeling is used to determine if the current railroad infrastructure can accommodate the increased throughput of improved port operations and aid decision makers in determining the ideal location for inland interface centers.
CIC: An Integrated Approach to Checkpointing in Mobile Agent Systems
Authors: Jin Yang, Jiannong Cao, Weigang Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid (2006)

As a widely used fault tolerance technique, checkpointing has evolved into several schemes: independent, coordinated, and communication-induced (CIC). Independent and coordinated checkpointing have been adopted in many works on fault tolerant mobile agent (MA) systems. However, CIC, a flexible, efficient, and scalable checkpointing scheme, has not been applied to MA systems. Based on the analysis of the behavior of mobile agent, we argue that CIC is a well suited checkpointing scheme for MA systems. CIC not only establishes the consistent recovery lines efficiently but also integrates well with the independent checkpointing for reliable MA migration. In this paper, we propose an important improvement to CIC, referred to as the deferred message processing based CIC algorithm (DM-CIC), which achieves higher efficiency by exempting the CIC algorithm from making the forced checkpoints in MA systems. Through simulation, we find out that DM-CIC is stable and better suited to large scale MA systems.
Managing Information Privacy: Developing a Context for Security and Privacy Standards Convergence
Authors: Jim Robbins, John T. Sabo
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Businesses must understand the critical need for policy-driven security and privacy compliance indeveloping the right business processes and technical architectures. Detailed technical standards mightsoon enable the integration of privacy and security policies in business systems. In the near term, theInternational Security Trust Privacy Alliance has developed a privacy framework to support the implementation of any set of information privacy management requirements, irrespective of source, jurisdiction, or combination.
Reconstruction of Image Using Just Magnitude Information of Fourier Transform; Is Phase Information Really More Important?
Authors: R. Sarang, M. R. Jahed Motlagh, P. Eslami
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

There are strong ideas about phase information which are essential for description and recognition of images in which the main information of images are concealed in them. In this paper, we demonstrate that Fourier magnitude is enough for reconstruction of an image in which the recognition of objects is possible and the dogmas presented about the information of phase are subjected to suspicion. A recursive algorithm is proposed reconstructing the image by just using the information of Fourier magnitude. Also this could be as a lossy image compression method with a 50% information compression ratio.