ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Bringing the internet to all electronic devices
Authors: Michael Howard, Christopher S. Sontag
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Embedded Systems on Workshop on Embedded Systems (1999)

In order to develop appropriate solutions for embedded device networking, we must understand the benefits offered to the end user of the device as well as the costs involved with delivering a solution. As proponents of networking technology, it is tempting to overestimate the perceived value of connectivity, while at the same time overlook the hidden costs in implementation. It is important to remember that companies adopting technology for embedded device networking are manufacturers who tend to be very conservative due to narrow margins and fierce competition. A prerequisite to wide adoption of this networking technology is a convincing case for a strong return on investment. Therefor, all optimism must temporarily be put aside for a critical cost/benefits analysis that will provide criteria for judging the suitability of proposed solutions. Since there are so many embedded applications, it is not surprising that quite a few applications are 'no-brainers' which require little deliberation as to value or implementation method. Administration of networking hard-ware, for example, is increasingly accomplished through Internet-based device interfaces. Internet standards and associated technologies provide a remarkable set of opportunities for enhancing the value of existing and new embedded products. These Internet technologies have been available to millions of large, 32- and 64-bit systems for some time. The key challenge we have undertaken is to establish a distributed device-networking platform that provides appropriate solutions for all embedded devices. Our goal is to make connectivity practical even for systems that do not have convenient networking already available and are severely constrained by economic pressures.
Production metrology for MEMS characterization
Authors: E. Novak, F. Pasop, T. Browne
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

Accurate measurements of MEMS geometries and motions are crucial to achieving the desired performance of the devices. The wide variety of MEMS devices in development and production requires very flexible metrology for single-platform characterization. In addition to having greatly varying geometries, devices must also be characterized statically and under actuation. White-light interferometry, fortunately, is a technique flexible enough to meet most MEMS measurement needs. This high-speed, non-contact measurement method allows both large lateral and vertical ranges with nanometer-level vertical resolution and position accuracy. When standard illumination is replaced with strobed light, dynamic measurements of MEMS can also be carried out. This paper presents some of the hardware and software design considerations for producing a single metrology platform with the required flexibility for production MEMS metrology. Several static and dynamic MEMS measurements are presented to illustrate the design requirements.
Generation of Related Performance Simulation Models at an Early Stage in the Design Cycle
Authors: Andreas W. Liehr, Klaus Buchenrieder
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2007)

In the early development stages of embedded systems, fundamental decisions concerning the system architecture and a proper hardware / software partition must be made. The choices determine, e.g. power consumption, performance, and other system features. For this reason, a method plus supporting tools for the fast, efficient, and automated evaluation of system design alternatives is required. In this contribution, we present the MIRA Framework and a novel method based on Extended Queuing Network Models (EQN) linked to a set of simulation models for architectural exploration and hardware / software tradeoff analysis. The MIRA Framework consits of hardware components expressed in XML and function represented as UML Activity Diagrams. Activity threads, introduced in this contribution, define building rules for the simulation models. This method fosters the combined simulation and analysis of system behavior as well as architectural exploration of design alternatives. As current experimental work and evaluation with nontrivial examples show, the presented method allows for fast and efficient generation of simulation models and an accurate prediction of performance measures.
Pose Estimation Based on Two Images from Different Views
Authors: Yuxing Mao, Ching Y. Suen, Caixin Sun, Chunhua Feng
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for face pose estimation based on two images from different views under certain conditions. Using a weak-perspective imaging model, six pose parameters were deduced, with four pairs of feature points properly chosen across the two face images. Through the scan-iteration algorithm, a robust performance was achieved, without solving non-linear equations. Comparing to some other methods which estimate rotation matrix based on fundamental matrix (F), our method focuses on the "absolute pose" with respect to front view rather than the "relative pose" between the two face images. "Absolute pose" is indispensable in most situations especially for 3D face modeling. Since our method does not depend on any 3-D face models and frontal-view images, it can be applied not only to face recognition and 3-D face modeling, but also to other relevant applications. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
Clustering replicated microarray data via mixtures of random effects models for various covariance structures
Authors: S. K. Ng, G. J. McLachlan, R. W. Bean, S.-W. Ng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 workshop on Intelligent systems for bioinformatics - Volume 73 (2006)

A unified approach of mixed-effects model has been recently proposed for clustering correlated genes from different kinds of microarray experiments. With the so-called EM-based MIXture analysis WIth Random Effects (EMMIX-WIRE) model, both the gene-specific and tissue-specific random effects are taken into account in the (mixture) modelling of microarray data. In this paper, we focus on the applications of the EMMIX-WIRE model to the cluster analysis of microarray data with repeated measurements. In particular, we investigate various forms of covariance structure commonly applicable for replicated microarray data and compare their impact on the final clustering results, using a real data set of microRNA profile and a published yeast galactose data set with known Gene Ontology (GO) listings.
Decentralized management for transportation-logistics: A multi agent based approach
Authors: H. Franke, W. Dangelmaier
Venue: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering (2003)

Most commercially-operated traffic and transport systems are incumbent upon a central control, which offers only little scope for non-standard customer's requests. In most cases the customer has to orientate himself at fixed timetables as well as at given transport lots of the transport means. This paper therefore pursues the approach to make transport systems much more flexible by using decentralized transport control. In order to achieve this objective, the transport system concerned is to be divided into independent decentralized units that interact with each other in form of an agent system. First a description language based on Petri nets (PrT-nets) will be introduced which describes all relevant components of a transport system, particularly in order to carry through the transport disposition. The represented agent system furthermore offers the simple possibility of integrating components of the market economy, such as vehicle suppliers, conducting companies, big customers or service industries.
Toward an understanding of similarity judgments for music digital library evaluation
Authors: J. Stephen Downie, Jin Ha Lee, Anatoliy A. Gruzd, M. Cameron Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2007)

This paper presents an analysis of 7,602 similarity judgments collected for the Symbolic Melodic Similarity (SMS) and Audio Music Similarity and Retrieval (AMS) evaluation tasks in the 2006 Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX). We discuss the influence of task definitions, as well as evaluation metrics on user perceptions of music similarity, and provide recommendations for future Music Digital Library/Music Information Retrieval research pertaining to music similarity.
Diagnostic Method of Quality Degradation Segment from Sampled Packets
Authors: Yasuhiro Yamasaki, Hideyuki Shimonishi, Tutomu Murase
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (2007)

Recent diversification in applications has increased the number of services that are sensitive to network quality. For such services, degradation of network quality such as packet loss or delay is directly linked to the quality perceived by users. It is therefore important for network administrators to know these quality indicators for each session. However, the measurement of quality per session has become difficult due to the rapid increase of line speeds. Packet sampling techniques have been receiving much attention as a way to solve this problem, but there has been only a little discussion of packet loss in that research though it is very important. In order to determine whether quality degradations occur at particular sessions, we have proposed methods for estimating the end-to-end packet loss per session by packet sampling. In this paper, we then propose a method to determine whether the quality degradation occurs between the sending terminal and the measurement point (send segment) or between the measurement point and the receiving terminal (receive segment). The proposed method will estimate packet loss of receive segment to observe duplicate ACKs and the DATA packet with corresponding sequence number to ACK number of duplicate ACKs. Then, the packet loss of send segment can be estimated by subtraction packet loss of receive segment from end-to-end packet loss. This allows quality degradation segment to be estimated from only a 10% sample of the packet flow.
Tight bounds for asynchronous randomized consensus
Authors: Hagit Attiya, Keren Censor
Venue: Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (2007)

A distributed consensus algorithm allows n processes to reach acommon decision value starting from individual inputs. Wait-free consensus, in which a process always terminates within a finite number of its own steps, is impossible in anasynchronous shared-memory system. However, consensus becomes solvable using randomization when a process only has to terminatewith probability 1. Randomized consensus algorithms are typically evaluated by their total step complexity, which is the expected total number of steps taken by all processes. This work proves that the total step complexity of randomized consensus is Θ(n2) in an asynchronous shared memory systemusing multi-writer multi-reader registers. The bound is achieved by improving both the lower and the upper bounds for this problem. In addition to improving upon the best previously known result bya factor of log2 n, the lower bound features agreatly streamlined proof. Both goals are achieved through restricting attention to a set of layered executions andusing an isoperimetric inequality for analyzing their behavior. The matching algorithm decreases the expected total step complexity by a log n factor, by leveraging themulti-writing capability of the shared registers. Its correctness proof is facilitated by viewing each execution of the algorithmas a stochastic process and applying Kolmogorov's inequality.
Design and development of an automatic small-scale house for teaching domotics
Authors: F. Mateos
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

This paper presents the design and development characteristics of an automatic small-scale house (1:12). Several installations are controlled: seven light points, five plugs, heating in one room, technical alarms, intruder alarms, two garden irrigation areas, one blind and communications. The architecture of the centralised domotics system is based on a programmable logic controller Simatic S7-200, and on a tactile operator panel TP070. The PLC manages all control functions. External communications via modem are also available. Thus, it is possible to receive alarm messages by telephone and to operate several components in the house by telephonic remote control. The design, programming and debugging of the domotics system have been done using the software applications Simatica 2.1 and Visir 1.6, both developed by the authors' research group. The use of this automatic small-scale house in their laboratory has constituted an excellent test bed for the detection and debugging of system configuration and programming errors. This prototype is an optimal device for teaching automation techniques applied to domotics.
Software Comprehension through Concern-based Queries
Authors: Tommi Reinikainen, Imed Hammouda, Juha Laiho, Kai Koskimies, Tarja Systa
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (2007)

A concern-based approach to support software comprehension and analysis is proposed. Concerns represent various aspects of a system, like features, architectural solutions, units of work, etc., which are interesting for some stakeholders. Using concern-based queries on the software artefacts, new derived information on the system can be exposed. The results of the queries are also represented as concerns and added to the concern repository. The approach thus supports the analyzer in gradually building up an understanding on the subject system to be analyzed.
Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ)-a new method for speech quality assessment of telephone networks and codecs
Authors: A. W. Rix
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 200. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2001)

Previous objective speech quality assessment models, such as bark spectral distortion (BSD), the perceptual speech quality measure (PSQM), and measuring normalizing blocks (MNB), have been found to be suitable for assessing only a limited range of distortions. A new model has therefore been developed for use across a wider range of network conditions, including analogue connections, codecs, packet loss and variable delay. Known as perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), it is the result of integration of the perceptual analysis measurement system (PAMS) and PSQM99, an enhanced version of PSQM. PESQ is expected to become a new ITU-T recommendation P.862, replacing P.861 which specified PSQM and MNB.
Two New Bounds for the Random-Edge Simplex-Algorithm
Authors: Bernd Ga&uml;rtner, Volker Kaibel
Venue: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (2007)

We prove that the RANDOM-EDGE simplex-algorithm requires an expected number of at most $13n/\sqrt{d}$ pivot steps on any simple $d$-polytope with $n$ vertices. This is the first nontrivial upper bound for general polytopes. We also describe a refined analysis that potentially yields much better bounds for specific classes of polytopes. As one application, we show that for combinatorial $d$-cubes the trivial upper bound of $2^d$ on the performance of RANDOM-EDGE can asymptotically be improved by the factor $1/d^{(1-\varepsilon)\log d}$ for every $\varepsilon>0$.
Bearing's Behavior Modeling for Mechanical Defects' Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Moustapha Sene, Michel Barret, Kurosh Madani
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (2007)

The monitoring of the bearings makes it possible to avoid disassembling mechanical systems during their preventive controls and to be able to detect the approach of a failure. The paper describes a mechanical model ruling bearing devices' defects. The proposed model concerns defects related to surface waviness, flaking defects as well as those due to unbalanced rotor's effects. The defects' detection is formulated in the frame of vibratory analysis.
Visualising Communication Network Security Attacks
Authors: Shahrulniza Musa, David J. Parish
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

The task of exploring and analysing large quantities of communication network security data is difficult. Visualisation of the data should help the analyses and make data exploration faster and easier. This paper describes prototype software that visualises the alerts effectively and provides a simple presentation. The needs analysis of this prototype is based on the suggested needs of network security analyst's tasks as seen in the literature. The prototype software incorporates various projections of the alert data in 3-dimensional displays. Filtering, drill-down and playback of alerts at variable speed are incorporated to strengthen the analysis. We integrate a false alert classifier using classification tree algorithm to classify alerts into false and true alerts. Real-time visual observation is also included. We describe some example analyses to prove the usefulness of our prototype.
Process Specification and Modeling Language for Service-Oriented Software Development
Authors: W.-T. Tsai, Xiao Wei, Zhibin Cao, Raymond Paul, Yinong Chen, Jingjing Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (2007)

This paper focuses on the service-oriented system engineering issues using PSML (Process Specification and Modeling Language) framework. The key innovations of the framework are the PSML-based service-oriented software development and Single Model with Multiple Analyses (SMMA) model-driven architecture. SMMA uses one integrated core model, the PSML model, to derive other models for code generation simulation, and various analyses, which leads to the service-oriented system engineering.
Multiconstrained QoS Routing: A Norm Approach
Authors: Guoliang Xue, S. Kami Makki
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2007)

A fundamental problem in quality-of-service (QoS) routing is the multiconstrained path (MCP) problem, where one seeks a source-destination path satisfying K \ge 2 additive QoS constraints in a network with K additive QoS parameters. The MCP problem is known to be NP-complete. One popular approach is to use the shortest path with respect to a single edge weighting function as an approximate solution to MCP. In a pioneering work, Jaffe showed that the shortest path with respect to a scaled 1-norm of the K edge weights is a 2--approximation to MCP in the sense that the sum of the larger of the path weight and its corresponding constraint is within a factor of 2 from minimum. In a recent paper, Xue et al. showed that the shortest path with respect to a scaled \infty-norm of the K edge weights is a K-approximation to MCP, in the sense that the largest ratio of the path weight over its corresponding constraint is within a factor of K from minimum. In this paper, we study the relationship between these two optimization criteria and present a class of provably good approximation algorithms to MCP. We first prove that a good approximation according to the second optimization criterion is also a good approximation according to the first optimization criterion, but not vice versa. We then present a class of very simple K-approximation algorithms according to the second optimization criterion, based on the computation of a shortest path with respect to a single edge weighting function.
Weekly milk prediction on dairy goats using neural networks
Authors: C. Fern&#x00e1;ndez, E. Soria, P. S&#x00e1;nchez-Seiquer, L. G&#x00f3;mez-Chova, R. Magdalena, J. D. Mart&#x00ed;n-Guerrero, M. J. Navarro, A. J. Serrano
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2007)

Artificial neural networks (NN) have been widely used for both prediction and classification tasks in many fields of knowledge; however, few studies are available on dairy science. In this work, we use NN models to predict next week&#x2019;s goat milk based on the current and previous milk production. A total of 35 Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were selected from a commercial farm according to number of lactation, litter size and body weight. Input variables taken into account were diet, milk production, stage of lactation and days between partum and first control. From the 35 goats, 22 goats were used to build the neural model and 13 goats were used to validate the model. It is important to emphasize that these 13 goats were not used to build the model in order to demonstrate the generalization capability of the network. Afterwards, the neural models that provided better prediction results were analysed in order to determine the relative importance of the input variables of the model. We found that the most important inputs are present and previous milk production, followed by days between parturition, and first milk control, and type of diet. Besides, we benchmark NN to other widely used prediction models, such as auto-regressive system modelling or na&#x00ef;ve prediction. The results obtained with the neural models are better than with the rest of models. The best neural model in terms of accuracy provided a root mean square error equal to 0.57&#x00a0;kg/day and a low bias mean error equal to &#x2212;&#x00a0;0.05&#x00a0;kg/day. Dairy goat farmers could make management decisions during current lactation from one week to the next (present time), based on present and/or previous milk production and dairy goat factors, without waiting until the end of lactation.
Process Variability-Aware Statistical Hybrid Modeling of Dynamic Power Dissipation in 65 nm CMOS Designs
Authors: B. P. Harish, Navakanta Bhat, Mahesh B. Patil
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing: Theory and Applications (2007)

A generalized technique is proposed for modeling the effects of process variations on dynamic power by directly relating the variations in process parameters to variations in dynamic power of a digital circuit. The dynamic power of a 2-input NAND gate is characterized by mixed-mode simulations, to be used as a library element for 65nm gate length technology. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with a multiplier circuit built using the NAND gate library, by characterizing its dynamic power throughMonte Carlo analysis. The statistical technique of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design of Experiments (DOE) and Least Squares Method (LSM), are employed to generate a "hybrid model" for gate power to account for simultaneous variations in multiple process parameters. We demonstrate that our hybrid model based statistical design approach results in considerable savings in the power budget of low power CMOS designs with an error of less than 1%, with significant reductions in uncertainty by atleast 6X on a normalized basis, against worst case design.