ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Schedulability Analysis of Global Fixed-Priority or EDF Multiprocessor Scheduling with Symbolic Model-Checking
Authors: Nan Guan, Zonghua Gu, Mingsong Lv, Qingxu Deng, Ge Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (2008)

As Moore's law comes to an end, multi-processor (MP) systems are becoming increasingly important in embedded systems design, hence real-time schedulability analysis for MP systems has become an important research topic. In this paper, we present an exact method for schedulability analysis of global multiprocessor scheduling with either Fixed-Priority (FP) or Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) algorithms using the model-checker NuSMV. Compared to safe but pessimistic schedulability tests based on processor utilization bounds, model-checking can provide an exact answer to the schedulability of a taskset, as well as quantitative information on each task's best-case and worst-case response times.
User centricity: A taxonomy and open issues
Authors: Abhilasha Bhargav-Spantzel, Jan Camenisch, Thomas Gross, Dieter Sommer
Venue: Journal of Computer Security (2007)

User centricity is a significant concept in federated identity management (FIM), as it provides for stronger user control and privacy. However, several notions of user-centricity in the FIM community render its semantics unclear and hamper future research in this area. Therefore, we consider user-centricity abstractly and establish a comprehensive taxonomy encompassing user-control, architecture, and usability aspects of user-centric FIM. We highlight the various mechanisms to achieve the properties identified in the taxonomy. We show how these mechanisms may differ based on the underlying technologies which in turn result in different trust assumptions. We classify the technologies into two predominant variants of user-centric FIM systems with significant feature sets. We distinguish credential-focused systems, which advocate offline identity providers and long-term credentials at a user's client, and relationship-focused systems, which rely on the relationships between users and online identity providers that create short-term credentials during transactions. Note that these two notions of credentials are quite different. The former encompasses cryptographic credentials as defined by Lysyanskaya et al., in Selected Areas in Cryptography, LNCS, vol. 1758, and the latter encompasses federation tokens as used in today's FIM protocols like Liberty. We raise the question where user-centric FIM systems may go - within the limitations of the user-centricity paradigm as well as beyond them. Firstly, we investigate the existence of a universal user-centric FIM system that can achieve a superset of security and privacy properties as well as the characteristic features of both predominant classes. Secondly, we explore the feasibility of reaching beyond user centricity, that is, allowing a user of a user-centric FIM system to again give away user control by means of an explicit act of delegation. We do neither claim a solution for universal user-centric systems nor for the extension beyond the boundaries of user centricity, however, we establish a starting point for both ventures by leveraging the properties of a credential-focused FIM system.
Specification of Conditions for Error Diagnostics
Authors: Christof Efkemann, Tobias Hartmann
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2008)

This paper describes the basic concepts of error diagnostics and an associated rule system whose application helps to identify potential hardware/software locations of errors which caused a failure observed while executing tests of embedded systems. Further on, an overview over the ''Avionics Smoke Detection System'' is given, where the main algorithms have been applied. The methods, techniques and tools described here rely on the preceding investigations performed with respect to signal flow and the observation of causal chains in distributed test benches during test suite executions. These results have been elaborated in the KATO project within the German aerospace research programme LUFO III.
Normal forms and the multiple-times expansion method for finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Mehmet Naciözer, Filiz Tascan
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

The authors apply the method of multiple-times expansion to finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems of polynomial type in order to determine integrable Hamiltonian systems and to derive new integrable systems from previously known ones. Recursion operators for the derived integrable systems are obtained. Normal forms for finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems are also constructed. It is demonstrated that the Hamiltonians found by the multiple-times expansion method are indeed the normal form expansions.
Spectral reflectance for the mineralogical evaluation of Brazilian low clay activity soils
Authors: J. A. M. Demattê, M. R. Nanni, A. R. Formaggio, J. C. N. Epiphanio
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Highly weathered tropical soils are very important in terms of agricultural production but there are only a few spectral studies that have evaluated them in detail. Measurements of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) interactions with soil samples can provide useful information regarding mineralogy, organic matter content, granulometry as well as other important soil parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between analytical and spectral parameters of six important classes of tropical Brazilian soils. Spectral data were obtained under laboratory conditions using an IRIS (400-2500 nm) spectroradiometer. Soil chemical analyses were conducted as performed for pedological surveys. Spectral curves provided useful pedological information. Diagnostic mineralogical features were found for "absorption bands" that are well-defined "valleys" centred in some wavelengths of the spectral curve. The main absorption bands were centred at 450 and 850 nm and were attributed to interactions between EMR and the content of iron oxide in the soil. Water and hydroxyl absorption bands at 1450, 1950 and 2200 nm were also enhanced, and allowed a correlation with the presence of either 2 : 1 or kaolinitic mineralogy. Important pedological characteristics such as granulometry, quartz and the presence of magnetite could also be inferred. Reflectance increased as the iron content decreased and the soil's texture changed from clay to sandy. Iron forms differentially influenced the spectral data: crystalline forms were responsible for concavities in the 450 and 1100 nm spectral range and amorphous forms reduced the intensity of reflectance, but did not alter the concavities. Rich quartz soils reflected more than soils rich in iron and magnetite. The 1 : 1 mineralogy presented spectral contours that differed from the 2 : 1 mineralogy when evaluated with the bands at 1950 and 2200 nm. In conclusion, laboratory EMR analysis of soil samples collected in the field can provide a great deal of pedological information and assist traditional methods of soil evaluation.
A Mutual Network Synchronization Method for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Authors: Carlos H. Rentel, Thomas Kunz
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2008)

Existing mutual network synchronization methods, however, make use of physical (PHY) layers and medium access control (MAC) sub-layers that are either proprietary or not widely available. CS-MNS is able to achieve microsecond network-wide synchronization accuracy for single-hop or multiple-hop topologies, and mobile or static wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Different to existing mutual network synchronization approaches, the timing information is exchanged explicitly using periodic timestamp packets. These packets can be, for instance, the same beacons used in the IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15.4 standards, which makes CS-MNS the first mutual network synchronization method that is compatible to these popular standards. A CS-MNS node adjusts the frequency of its clock recursively in the time domain by multiplying the time of its clock by a factor that is updated with any newly received timestamp. Sufficient stability conditions are derived for CS-MNS under certain scenarios via the discrete Lyapunov direct method. Additionally, several of the possible beacon transmission approaches are analyzed. Finally, thorough numerical results are presented that demonstrate at least one and two orders of magnitude improvement in scalability and accuracy are presented. Comparisons with TSF, MATSF and ASP are presented.
Adaptive β-order generalized spectral subtraction for speech enhancement
Authors: Junfeng Li, Shuichi Sakamoto, Satoshi Hongo, Masato Akagi, Yôiti Suzuki
Venue: Signal Processing (2008)

The performance degradation of speech communication systems in noisy environments inspired increasing research on speech enhancement and noise reduction. As a well-known single-channel noise reduction technique, spectral subtraction (SS) has widely been used for speech enhancement. However, the spectral order @b set in SS is always fixed to some constants, resulting in performance limitation to a certain degree. In this paper, we first analyze the performance of the @b-order generalized spectral subtraction (GSS) in terms of the gain function to highlight its dependence on the value of spectral order @b. A data-driven optimization scheme is then introduced to quantitatively determine the change of @b with the change of the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the analysis results and considering the non-uniform effect of real-world noise on speech signal, we propose an adaptive @b-order GSS in which the spectral order @b is adaptively updated according to the local SNR in each critical band frame by frame as in a sigmoid function. The performance of the proposed adaptive @b-order GSS is finally evaluated objectively by segmental SNR (SEGSNR) and log-spectral distance (LSD), and subjectively by spectrograms and mean opinion score (MOS), using comprehensive experiments in various noise conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields an average SEGSNR increase of 2.99dB and an average LSD reduction of 2.71dB, which are much larger improvement than that obtained with the competing SS algorithms. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is also demonstrated by the highest MOS ratings obtained from the listening tests.
Stability, normalization and accuracy of MODIS-derived estimates of live fuel moisture for southern California chaparral
Authors: D. Stow, M. Niphadkar
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Time series of spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and live fuel moisture (LFM) data for chaparral vegetation of southern California were extended to include one of the driest (2004) and one of the wettest (2005) years on record. Independent, spatially varying field-based estimates of LFM enabled accuracy of MODIS-derived estimates to be quantified. Pixel-based scaling of SVI values based on maximum and minimum values of the time series reduced effects of varying vegetation cover and substantially reduced root mean square errors for two of the three SVIs tested.
On the resolution and optimization of a system of fuzzy relational equations with sup-T composition
Authors: Pingke Li, Shu-Cherng Fang
Venue: Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making (2008)

This paper provides a thorough investigation on the resolution of a finite system of fuzzy relational equations with sup-T composition, where T is a continuous triangular norm. When such a system is consistent, although we know that the solution set can be characterized by a maximum solution and finitely many minimal solutions, it is still a challenging task to find all minimal solutions in an efficient manner. Using the representation theorem of continuous triangular norms, we show that the systems of sup-T equations can be divided into two categories depending on the involved triangular norm. When the triangular norm is Archimedean, the minimal solutions correspond one-to-one to the irredundant coverings of a set covering problem. When it is non-Archimedean, they only correspond to a subset of constrained irredundant coverings of a set covering problem. We then show that the problem of minimizing a linear objective function subject to a system of sup-T equations can be reduced into a 0---1 integer programming problem in polynomial time. This work generalizes most, if not all, known results and provides a unified framework to deal with the problem of resolution and optimization of a system of sup-T equations. Further generalizations and related issues are also included for discussion.
IS Strategic Planning for Operational Efficiency
Authors: George Philip
Venue: Information Systems Management (2007)

The purpose of this article is to argue that, despite the constant economic upheaval and incessant technological changes, strategic planning for information systems is still a useful and critically important exercise for all organizations. Eight tenets for successful IS planning are identified from prior literature and then "tested" with two case studies in which operational efficiency is the strategic IS goal. One of the unexpected findings is that a high-level written plan is not a requirement if the IS objectives clearly target a specific operational objective of the business. The paper also introduces the notion of exploitation and exploration strategies-the former is best when operational efficiency is sought and the latter is needed when competitive advantage is the primary goal.
Organizing IT to promote agility
Authors: Kevin P. Gallagher, James L. Worrell
Venue: Information Technology and Management (2008)

Agility at the individual business unit and organizational levels presents a challenge for many information system (IS) departments. Business unit agility demands the ability to sense and respond to changes in local competitive environments, whereas organizational agility demands the ability to sense broader market opportunities and respond with changes that are organization-wide. The former requires experimentation and customization of system designs, while the latter demands uniformity and standardization. Although flexible and customizable software might assist organizations in adapting systems to meet these challenges simultaneously, coordination across multiple business units also demands effective organization and governance of system design and development. This paper presents a longitudinal case study of an insurance company that was effective at sensing and responding to changes in the environment at the business unit level, but less effective at sensing and responding at the organizational level. Using the platform logic as a theoretical lens, we analyze this case and offer insights into how multi-unit organizations can manage system design at the organizational and business unit levels, thereby supporting agility through the development of effective organizing and governance mechanisms. Our analysis outlines relational and integration mechanisms and explains how these arrangements helped the organization to attain greater enterprise agility and support its overall strategy.
Supporting the selection of model-based testing approaches for software projects
Authors: Arilo Claudio Dias Neto, Guilherme Horta Travassos
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Automation of software test (2008)

Software technologies, such as model-based testing approaches, have specific characteristics and limitations that can affect their use in software projects. To make available knowledge regarding such technologies is important to support the decision regarding their use in software projects. In particular, a choice of model-based testing approach can influence testing success or failure. Therefore, this paper aims at describing knowledge acquired from a systematic review regarding model-based testing approaches and proposing an infrastructure towards supporting their selection for software projects.
An encoder-driven strategy for joint macroblock concealment and bit rate reduction in the H264 Advanced Video Coding standard
Authors: Christos Grecos
Venue: International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems (2008)

This article first presents a combination of simple techniques that produce an extremely effective concealment method that maintains spatially correlated edges throughout any lost data; this in turn gives an increase in both mathematical and visual performance when compared with the commonly used bilinear concealment technique. Secondly, this article looks at an alternative use of the bilinear passive error concealment algorithm that is often used by H.264 decoders. Occasionally, a concealed macroblock is mathematically closer to the original than an encoded and decoded one. Thus, by removing these macroblocks from the stream at the encoder and thus forcing the decoder to conceal the missing data, a significant reduction in the bit stream size (up to 5%) can be achieved with negligible loss in quality.
A virtual 3D mobile guide in the INTERMEDIA project
Authors: Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Achille Peternier, Xavier Righetti, Mingyu Lim, George Papagiannakis, Tasos Fragopoulos, Kyriaki Lambropoulou, Paolo Barsocchi, Daniel Thalmann
Venue: The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics (2008)

In this paper, we introduce a European research project, interactive media with personal networked devices (INTERMEDIA) in which we seek to progress beyond home and device-centric convergence toward truly user-centric convergence of multimedia. Our vision is to make the user the multimedia center: the user as the point at which multimedia services and the means for interacting with them converge. This paper proposes the main research goals in providing users with a personalized interface and content independent of physical networked devices, and space and time. As a case study, we describe an indoors, mobile mixed reality guide system: Chloe@University. With a see-through head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a small wearable computing device, Chloe@University provides users with an efficient way to guide someone in a building. A 3D virtual character in front of the user guides him/her to the required destination.
Predicting the tendency of topic discussion on the online social networks using a dynamic probability model
Authors: Yadong Zhou, Xiaohong Guan, Zhefei Zhang, Beibei Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the hypertext 2008 workshop on Collaboration and collective intelligence (2008)

Topic discussion is a significant phenomenon on the online social network, which would attract the rising attention in the near future. In this paper, we predict the tendency of topic discussion on the online social networks using a dynamic probability model. We analyze the process of topic discussion, and give the formulation of it. Three main factors (individual interest, group behavior, and time lapse) are analyzed and quantized, based on which, we propose a dynamic probability model to predict the user's behavior, i.e. attending the topic discussion or not, and then obtain the number of the attending users. Most of the parameters of the model can be calculated by ML estimate methods, and the rest 3 parameters are set by human experience. Experiment shows that our model could predict the tendency of topic discussion accurately. Also, we simulate different sets of the three experience parameters and study the selection of suitable experience parameters.
On the probabilistic complexity of finding an approximate solution for linear programming
Authors: Jun Ji, Florian A. Potra
Venue: Journal of Complexity (2008)

We consider the problem of finding an @e-optimal solution of a standard linear program with real data, i.e., of finding a feasible point at which the objective function value differs by at most @e from the optimal value. In the worst-case scenario the best complexity result to date guarantees that such a point is obtained in at most O(n|ln@e|) steps of an interior-point method. We show that the expected value of the number of steps required to obtain an @e-optimal solution for a probabilistic linear programming model is at most O(min{n^1^.^5,mnln(n)})+log"2(|ln@e|).
Circuit and microarchitecture evaluation of 3D stacking magnetic RAM (MRAM) as a universal memory replacement
Authors: Xiangyu Dong, Xiaoxia Wu, Guangyu Sun, Yuan Xie, Helen Li, Yiran Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference (2008)

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) has been considered as a promising memory technology due to many attractive properties. Integrating MRAM with CMOS logic may incur extra manufacture cost, due to its hybrid magnetic-CMOS fabrication process. Stacking MRAM on top of CMOS logics using 3D integration is a way to minimize this cost overhead. In this paper, we discuss the circuit design issues for MRAM, and present the MRAM cache model. Based on the model, we compare MRAM against SRAM and DRAM in terms of area, performance, and energy. Finally we conduct architectural evaluation for 3D microprocessor stacking with MRAM. The experimental results show that MRAM stacking offers competitive IPC performance with a large reduction in power consumption compared to SRAM and DRAM counterparts.
CONFSYS: a web-based academic conference management system
Authors: Min Huang, Yuwei Feng, Bipin C Desai
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference (2008)

This paper introduces the ConfSys, a web-based academic conference management system. ConfSys is designed to help general chair, program chairs and program committee to manage the processes of academic conferences, and to provide conference related services for author and conference participants. It has the function of uploading paper, automatically allocating paper to reviewers, allowing the chairs to adjust this allocation, debating and rating paper, creating the program, registering for conference, collecting slides for presentation and etc. Those functions make the conference management quick and easy.
Learning to Decode Instantaneous Cognitive States from Brain Images
Authors: Rafael Ramirez, Enric Cecilla
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

The study of human brain functions has dramatically increased greatly due to the advent of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Recently, it has been noted that the use of machine learning classifiers for decoding cognitive states directly from fMRI data is a powerful technique that enables researchers to make predictions about the mental state of a subject. In this paper we explore some of the fundamental questions fMRI-decoding raises by applying and comparing different machine learning techniques and feature selection methods to the problem of classifying the instantaneous cognitive state of a person based on fMRI data. In particular, we present successful case studies of induced classifiers which accurately discriminate between cognitive states produced by different stimuli. We show how classifiers can be used as confirmatory tools allowing the testing of competing hypothesis about the structure in the data, and show that it is possible to train successful classifiers without prior anatomical knowledge and using only a very small number of features.