ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
MP 80: A Microprogrammed CPU with a Microcoded Operating System Kernel
Authors: G. Bucci
Venue: Computer (1981)

How can the performance of ystems containing obsolete technology be improved? Emulation and microprogramming provide cost-effective answers for real-time applications in a process control environment.
Partition Analysis: A Method Combining Testing and Verification
Authors: D. J. Richardson
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1985)

The partition analysis method compares a procedure's implementation to its specification, both to verify consistency between the two and to derive test data. Unlike most verification methods, partition analysis is applicable to a number of different types of specification languages, including both procedural and nonprocedural languages. It is thus applicable to high-level descriptions as well as to low-level designs. Partition analysis also improves upon existing testing criteria. These criteria usually consider only the implementation, but partition analysis selects test data that exercise both a procedure's intended behavior (as described in the specifications) and the structure of its implementation. To accomplish these goals, partition analysis divides or partitions a procedure's domain into subdomains in which all elements of each subdomain are treated uniformly by the specification and processed uniformly by the implementation. This partition divides the procedure domain into more manageable units. Information related to each subdomain is used to guide in the selection of test data and to verify consistency between the specification and the implementation. Moreover, the testing and verification processes are designed to enhance each other. Initial experimentation has shown that through the integration of testing and verification, as well as through the use of information derived from both the implementation and the specification, the partition analysis method is effective for evaluating program reliability. This paper describes the partition analysis method and reports the results obtained from an evaluation of its effectiveness.
Surface manipulation using a paper sculpture metaphor
Authors: Glenn McCord, Beryl Plimmer, Burkhard Wuensche
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces (2007)

The creation of 3D computer models is essential for many applications in science, engineering and arts and is frequently performed by untrained users. However, creating an intuitive mapping between 2D input and 3D models is a non-trivial task and is reflected in the difficulty novices have in using current 3D modelling software. Using metaphors of paper sculpture and pen sketching, our gesture based modelling tool simplifies this interaction mapping. More intuitive object manipulation means that an otherwise complex model can be rapidly created by an inexperienced, non-artistic user. To demonstrate this, we have chosen to model orchid flowers as they offer considerable challenges to the artist due to their complexity of shape and detail, especially the petal surfaces which vary a great deal in curvature.
Educational resources integration in Russia: electronic library and metadata catalogue
Authors: Alexander Ivannikov, Michail Bulgakov, Elena Gridina, Alexey Sigalov, Maria Bulakina
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

In 2005-2006 a national information system of Russian-speaking educational resources was created. This system integrates diverse resources created both by educational establishments and separate authors. This report covers conceptual and technological aspects related to organization of electronic library of educational resources. All information resources are systematized with the regard for specific character of Russian education. As of the end of 2006 the amount of metadata in the information system catalogue totals 30 000, including 10 000 educational resources of the electronic library.
Building Effective Global Software Test Teams through Training
Authors: Michael Hackett
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Software Engineering (2007)

Software testing is part art, part science and a unique facet of software development. How to test software is not taught well in most places, especially considering the differences between software developers and software testers. Getting useful information from the test team is key to effective project management. In global teams, testing can quickly become ineffective and a problem. Effective training for your offshore test team is critical to your organization's success. The objective of this tutorial is to:- use training to solve technical and management issues - anticipate cultural and organizational issues unique to software testing - use best-practice training for staff retention - minimize stress and late-night meetings - ensure that you get the right information from the offshore team
Software Process Modeling and Execution: The UML4SPM to WS-BPEL Approach
Authors: Reda Bendraou, Andrey Sadovykh, Marie-Pierre Gervais, Xavier Blanc
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (2007)

Over the two past decades, the software process modeling community is1 being confronted to the following dilemma: how a Software Process Modeling Language (SPML) can be sufficiently abstract to hide the increasing complexity of development processes while being precise enough to be executed? Since no SPML succeeded in satisfying these apparently conflicting requirements, in this paper we propose to combine two languages: UML4SPM, an UML2.0-based Software Process Modeling language and WS-BPEL (Web Services Business Process Execution Language). While UML4SPM brings expressiveness, understandability and abstraction in modeling software development processes, BPEL provides a semantically rich set of concepts for process executions. The mapping between the two languages, how do they complement each other, some issues and the value of the approach are discussed.
A Support Method for Improving Learner's Learning Habit Using Behavior Analysis in a Ubiquitous Environment
Authors: Mianxiong Dong, Kaoru Ota, Zixue Cheng, Guojun Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (2007)

With the great progress of technologies, computers are embedded into everywhere to make our daily life convenient, efficient and comfortable. Further more, most of them are small, powerful, intelligent and invisible. In a ubiquitous computing environment, support methods for learning are more effective than some traditional ways, such as WBT (Web-Based Training) and e-learning. In this paper, we proposed a support method which aims to encourage a learner to acquire his/her learning habit based on Behavior Analysis. The supports to the learner are provided through a scheduler system, a Ubiquitous Learning Scheduler (ULS). In our design, the learner's situations are collected by sensors and analyzed by comparing them to his/her learning histories. Based on this information, supports are provided to the learner in order to help him/her forming a good learning style. Our Research results revealed that ULS not only benefited learners to acquire their learning habits but also improved their self-directed learning styles.
Algorithms in the W-Hierarchy
Authors: Jonathan F. Buss, Tarique Islam
Venue: Theory of Computing Systems (2007)

We show new upper bounds for problems in the W-hierarchy of fixed-parameter complexity. A crucial ingredient of our proofs is an extension to the W-RAM model, which permits more-powerful operations but remains equivalent to the original. We use the extended model to give new upper bounds for Subsetsum, Maximum Irredundant Set, and various problems concerning intersection of finite-state machines.
A Parallel Processor Operating System Comparison
Authors: G. J. Nutt
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1977)

Three different operating system strategies for a parallel processor computer system are compared, and the most effective strategy for given job loads is determined. The three strategies compare uniprogramming versus multiprogramming and distributed operating systems versus dedicated processor operating systems. The level of evaluation includes I/O operations, resource allocation, and interprocess communication. The results apply to architectures where jobs may be scheduled to processors on the basis of processor availability, memory availability, and the availability of one other resource used by all jobs.
On the Applicability of Off-Line Signatures to the Fuzzy Vault Construction
Authors: M. Freire, J. Fierrez, M. Martinez-Diaz, J. Ortega-Garcia
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02 (2007)

In the present contribution, the applicability of off-line handwritten signatures to the fuzzy vault construction is studied. Feature extraction is based on quantized maxima and minima from upper and lower envelopes of the signa- ture. Baseline results are reported for skilled and random forgeries of the MCYT off-line signature database, showing that the proposed scheme is suitable for signers with good separability between genuine signatures and skilled forg- eries.
A Technique of Algorithm Construction on Sequences
Authors: J. Misra
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1978)

A technique is presented which is shown to be useful in designing algorithms which operate on sequences (strings). A generalization of the principle is presented for more general data structure.
Early UML Model Testing using TTCN-3 and the UML Testing Profile
Authors: Paul Baker, Clive Jervis
Venue: Proceedings of the Testing: Academic and Industrial Conference Practice and Research Techniques - MUTATION (2007)

Motorola has been driving the use of Model-Driven Engineering for a number of years with good successes. Now with its drive to deploy the Unified Modelling Language (UML) version 2 for more effective development, Motorola has developed capabilities to enable the early testing of UML design models. To ensure commonality the standard testing specification and execution frameworks TTCN-3 and the UML Testing Profile were chosen. In doing so, a number of tools have been developed, extending both commercial and internal tools to provide an effective test capability for the early functional testing of UML Design models. The same toolset can be used to test the same design on a target system after code generation. The toolset is being used by several different product groups within Motorola, and the paper reports some experience and findings, including areas where TTCN-3 can be extended.
Analysis and Test of Resistive-Open Defects in SRAM Pre-Charge Circuits
Authors: Luigi Dilillo, Patrick Girard, Serge Pravossoudovitch, Arnaud Virazel, Magali Bastian
Venue: Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (2007)

In this paper, we present an exhaustive study on the influence of resistive-open defects in pre-charge circuits of SRAM memories. In SRAM memories, the pre-charge circuits operate the pre-charge and equalization at a certain voltage level, in general Vdd, of all the couples of bit lines of the memory array. This action is essential in order to ensure correct read operations. We have analyzed the impact of resistive-opens placed in different locations of these circuits. Each defect studied in this paper disturbs the pre-charge circuit in a different way and for different resistive ranges, but the produced effect on the normal memory action is always the perturbation of the read operations. This faulty behavior can be modeled by Un-Restored Write Faults (URWFs) and Un-Restored Read Faults (URRFs), because there is an incorrect pre-charge/equalization of the bit lines after a write or read operation that disturbs the following read operation. In the last part of the paper, we demonstrate that the test of URWFs is more effective in terms of resistive defect detection than that of URRFs and we list the necessary test conditions to detect them.
Microsystems Proposed Standard for the S-100 Bus Preliminary Spefication, IEEE Task 696.1/D2
Authors: G. Morrow
Venue: Computer (1978)

The computer bus commonly known as the S-100 was first introduced by MITS, Inc., with its Altair kit. This bus has since spread throughout the electronics industry and beyond. Today over a hundred manufacturers make products which claim to be compatible with the S-100 bus even though-until now- no complete specification has been available. The following table, figures, and notes constitute the preliminary draft of a proposed standard for the S-100 bus.
A classification scheme for multi-sensory augmented reality
Authors: Robert W. Lindeman, Haruo Noma
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2007)

We present a new classification framework for describing augmented reality (AR) applications based on where the mixing of real and computer-generated stimuli takes place. In addition to "classical" visual AR techniques, such as optical-see-through and video-see-through AR, our framework encompasses AR directed at the other senses as well. This "axis of mixing location" is a continuum ranging from the physical environment to the human brain. There are advantages and disadvantages of mixing at different points along the continuum, and while there is no "best" location, we present sample usage scenarios that illustrate the expressiveness of this classification approach.
2007 Special Issue: Consciousness and metarepresentation: A computational sketch
Authors: Axel Cleeremans, Bert Timmermans, Antoine Pasquali
Venue: Neural Networks (2007)

When one is conscious of something, one is also conscious that one is conscious. Higher-Order Thought Theory [Rosenthal, D. (1997). A theory of consciousness. In N. Block, O. Flanagan, & G. Guzeldere (Eds.), The nature of consciousness: Philosophical debates. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press] takes it that it is in virtue of the fact that one is conscious of being conscious, that one is conscious. Here, we ask what the computational mechanisms may be that implement this intuition. Our starting point is Clark and Karmiloff-Smith's [Clark, A., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1993). The cognizer's innards: A psychological and philosophical perspective on the development of thought. Mind and Language, 8, 487-519] point that knowledge acquired by a connectionist network always remains ''knowledge in the network rather than knowledge for the network''. That is, while connectionist networks may become exquisitely sensitive to regularities contained in their input-output environment, they never exhibit the ability to access and manipulate this knowledge as knowledge: The knowledge can only be expressed through performing the task upon which the network was trained; it remains forever embedded in the causal pathways that developed as a result of training. To address this issue, we present simulations in which two networks interact. The states of a first-order network trained to perform a simple categorization task become input to a second-order network trained either as an encoder or on another categorization task. Thus, the second-order network ''observes'' the states of the first-order network and has, in the first case, to reproduce these states on its output units, and in the second case, to use the states as cues in order to solve the secondary task. This implements a limited form of metarepresentation, to the extent that the second-order network's internal representations become re-representations of the first-order network's internal states. We conclude that this mechanism provides the beginnings of a computational mechanism to account for mental attitudes, that is, an understanding by a cognitive system of the manner in which its first-order knowledge is held (belief, hope, fear, etc.). Consciousness, in this light, thus involves knowledge of the geography of one own's internal representations - a geography that is itself learned over time as a result of an agent's attributing value to the various experiences it enjoys through interaction with itself, the world, and others.
A Framework for Revocation of Proxy Certificates in a Grid
Authors: Shushan Zhao, Akshai Aggarwal, Robert D. Kent
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 03 (2007)

Proxy Certificates (PCs) are essential in Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI), but their revocation still remains problematic in grid environments. The mechanisms for normal End Entity Certificates (EEC) revocation need to be reconsidered or revised for PC revocation in grids. In this paper, we present a new framework that addresses the PC revocation problem based on MyProxy -- the online credential repository -- in Globus Toolkit. The framework has been implemented to prove its feasibility. The implementation is light-weight and has been integrated into the Globus architecture. We consider this as an important contribution to Globus and MyProxy and of significance to users and providers of critical grid services.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control of Three-Phase Rectifier
Authors: Haiyan Yu, Qing Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 02 (2007)

The mathematical model of control system with PWM rectifier is deducted at first. In order to achieve anticipated wave of voltage and current and improved system dynamics, a novel compound control scheme for PWM rectifier with fuzzy sliding mode variable structure control is presented, which integrates advantages of sliding mode variable structure control and fuzzy control. It makes that PWM rectifier not only has excellent robustness of variable structure control, but also minimizes chatting. The simulation results show that fuzzy sliding mode variable structure control for PWM rectifier is rather simple, and the PWM rectifier can be adaptive to load disturbance or nonlinear variety by the novel control strategy. Furthermore, good dynamic and static performance is indicated in the system.
E-learning: Coupling Course Management Systems and Dynamic Taxonomies
Authors: Barbara Demo, Alessio Angius
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2007)

Dynamic taxonomies integrated into e-learning tools play a double role: on the one hand they are a powerful retrieval system in the usually large content base of an e-learning environment, on the other hand they allow and strongly encourage orthogonal visits of available learning resources by exploiting associations the user would not have thought of (and which are the specific contribution of dynamic taxonomies). These two roles are of interest both for teachers, who may use the search engine to retrieve hints for presentations, assignments, etc., and for students, who may explore the whole learning environment in a new profitable way, which makes, for example, immediately available for a same subject different aspects dealt with in different courses. In the paper we describe the integration of dynamic taxonomies into Moodle, a Course Management System for cooperative learning.
SVMRobosoc: A Novel Approach Towards Planning Strategy for Robotic Soccer Using Hierarchical Intelligence Systems
Authors: T. Srinivasan, S. Harini, K. P. Kavitha, P. Sukumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2007)

Robotic Soccer has been an intriguing field of research in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper we present a novel planning strategy to build a hierarchical intelligence model for two scalable robot teams. This prototype enables the robots to analyze the game states, decide their moves and to take decisions. The System employs the Bayesian-SVM Classifier to decide upon subsequent actions and the movement of ball. We have scaled up the robot moves by incorporating the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) for optimized behavior. Simulation results illustrate that SVMRobosoc significantly improves the performance. Keywords: RoboCup, Bayesian Classifier, CBR, SVM.
Progress in Shape Modeling*
Authors: T. C. Woot
Venue: Computer (1977)

The life cycle of a mechanical component from its first conceptualization to its final packaging involves many intermediate processes such as product definition, engineering analysis, manufacturing planning, material procurement, and production control. These processes, of course, can be further broken down to finer steps or operations, but what is important to note is how these processes interact. For example, results from engineering analysis may necessitate changes in the initial product definition. High cost in manufacturing also brings about modifications in manufacturing planning. Consequently, it is more efficient and effective to have a central description of the object or product for the purposes of reference, modification, manipulation, and further processing. This is the basic motivation for shape description and modeling in digital computers.
Characterizations of finite and infinite episturmian words via lexicographic orderings
Authors: Amy Glen, Jacques Justin, Giuseppe Pirillo
Venue: European Journal of Combinatorics (2008)

In this paper, we characterize by lexicographic order all finite Sturmian and episturmian words, i.e., all (finite) factors of such infinite words. Consequently, we obtain a characterization of infinite episturmian words in a wide sense (episturmian and episkew infinite words). That is, we characterize the set of all infinite words whose factors are (finite) episturmian. Similarly, we characterize by lexicographic order all balanced infinite words over a 2-letter alphabet; in other words, all Sturmian and skew infinite words, the factors of which are (finite) Sturmian.
Cyclic-CPRS: A Diagnosis Technique for BISTed Circuits for Nano-meter Technologies
Authors: Chun-Yi Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2007)

A cyclic-CPRS (column parity row selection) technique is presented to diagnose built-in self tested (BISTed) circuits, even in the presence of many unknowns and transient errors. The novel cyclic scan chains retain the transient errors and unknowns in the CUT until they are fully diagnosed. Instead of masking the unknowns, Cyclic-CPRS directly diagnoses the unknowns as if they were errors. Direct diagnosis of unknowns not only eliminates the masking circuitry but also enhances the diagnosis resolution. Experimental results show that Cyclic-CPRS is very successful even in the presence of 10% errors and unknowns. The proposed technique is especially suitable for nanometer technologies, in which transient errors and systematic defects are becoming serious problems.
Advances in analytics: integrating dynamic data mining with simulation optimization
Authors: M. Better, F. Glover, M. Laguna
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2007)

We introduce a simulation optimization approach that is effective in guiding the search for optimal values of input parameters to a simulation model. Our proposed approach, which includes enhanced data mining methodology and state-of-the-art optimization technology, is applicable to settings in which a large amount of data must be analyzed in order to discover relevant relationships. Our approach makes use of optimization technology not only for data mining but also for optimizing the underlying simulation model itself A market research application embodying agent-based simulation is used to illustrate our proposed approach.