ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of China Petrochemical Industry Performance: An Empirical Study Based on DEA Method
Authors: Bo Zhang, Jia-hua Tian, Fei Huang, Xin-xin Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 03 (2009)

Petrochemical Industry is a natural monopoly industry. How to introduce competition into Petrochemical Industry to make the development of this industry more Sustainable and efficient is a question attract the attention of all government. Based on SCP Framework, this paper analyzes statues of China's petrochemical industry. By using DEA , this paper evaluates performance of reform. Meanwhile, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestion of how to carry out policy reforms in Petrochemical Industry for the government.
Key Tree and Chinese Remainder Theorem Based Group Key Distribution Scheme
Authors: Jie Zhou, Yong-Hao Ou
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing (2009)

A group key distribution scheme based on static key tree structure and the Chinese Remainder Theorem (KTCRT-GKD) is proposed. It deal with the scenario of a pre-defined static prospective user set U containing all potential customs of multicast services and concentrate on the stateless receiver case. Given a privileged group member set G ¿ U consisting of authorized users in a multicast session, a set of subtrees of the user tree whose leaves just host all the privileged group members is called group member subtrees. We design an algorithm to compute the root IDs of group member subtrees. The key server uses the root keys of the group member subtrees and the Chinese Remainder Theorem to distribute a group key. It can reduce the key server's computation complexity for each group key distribution. Especially, an interesting feature is that, when the size of group members exceeds a certain number, the computing time of the key server will decrease with the increase of the size of the group members.
Morphology on Graphs and Minimum Spanning Trees
Authors: Fernand Meyer, Jean Stawiaski
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology and Its Application to Signal and Image Processing (2009)

This paper revisits the construction of watershed and waterfall hierarchies through a thorough analysis of Boruvka's algorithms for constructing minimum spanning trees of edge weighted graphs. In the case where the watershed of a node weighted graph is to be constructed, we propose a distribution of weights on the edges, so that the waterfall extraction on the edge weighted graph becomes equivalent with the watershed extraction on the node weighted graph.
Development of RFID Textile and Human Activity Detection Applications
Authors: Ryoko Ueoka, Atsuji Masuda, Tetsuhiko Murakami, Hideyuki Miyayama, Hidenori Takeuchi, Kazuyuki Hashimoto, Michitaka Hirose
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

We developed RFID woven textile and a customized textile inspection machine with an automatic map making function. These developments have potentials to extend location aware systems in real use. In this paper, we present a process of the development of RFID, the developed map-making system and an accuracy of the automatically made map and time saving effect. And we outlined two prototypes of human activity detection using RFID textile. One is a pilot application of a tracking system using 19-meter coated RFID textile as a carpet. A person's tracking is detected by shoes that RFID readers were embedded. Another one is a pilot application of a human-activity tracking system using RFID textile wear. By wearing it, the predefined behaviour is detected by embedded RFID readers in the environment. In section 6 conclusions and future works are discussed.
TinyOS Programming, 1st edition
Authors: Philip Levis, David Gay
Venue:  (2009)

Do you need to know how to write systems, services, and applications using the TinyOS operating system? Learn how to write nesC code and efficient applications with this indispensable guide to TinyOS programming. Detailed examples show you how to write TinyOS code in full, from basic applications right up to new low-level systems and high performance applications. Two leading figures in the development of TinyOS also explain the reasons behind many of the design decisions made and, for the first time, how nesC relates to and differs from other C dialects. Handy features such as a library of software design patterns, programming hints and tips, end-of-chapter exercises, and an appendix summarizing the basic application-level TinyOS APIs make this the ultimate guide to TinyOS for embedded systems programmers, developers, designers, and graduate students.
Assembly Accuracy Based Tendency Analysis and Predicting Method for Product Behavior
Authors: Pengzhong Li, Weimin Zhang, Lei Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

In the process of product manufacturing, control of assembly accuracy will directly affect product working behavior. Variation of working behavior with assembly accuracy was partitioned to three phases: compensation phase, rapid loss phase and total loss phase. Based on changing curve of product behavior, Function of behavior loss was constructed to describe behavior loss resulting from assembly error of a part of product. The conception and calculating method of behavior loss index (BLI) are given to reflect behavior changing status of whole product under certain assembly accuracy. Taking BLI value for reference, next measurement adopted can be determined. Finally, an example was used to demonstrate calculating procedure of BLI.
A Parallel Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Technique for Billingual Corpora Based on Reduced Terms with Automatic Weight Optimization
Authors: Rayner Alfred
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2009)

Multilingual corpora are becoming an essential resource for work in multilingual natural language processing. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of applying a clustering technique to parallel multilingual texts. It is interesting to look at the differences of the cluster mappings and the tree structures of the clusters. The effect of reducing the set of terms considered in clustering parallel corpora is also studied. After that, a genetic-based algorithm is applied to optimize the weights of terms considered in clustering the texts to classify unseen examples of documents. Specifically, the aim of this work is to introduce the tools necessary for this task and display a set of experimental results and issues which have become apparent.
Gender Heterogeneous Groups in Cooperative Learning Applied in "Robots in Creative Course": A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen-Yi Wang, Tzu-Chien Liu, Yi-Chun Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on E-Learning and Games: Learning by Playing. Game-based Education System Design and Development (2009)

Cooperative learning is often adopted as a teaching strategy when robots are introduced into the classroom. Previous research suggested that there was a relative correlation between a group's level of interaction and its gender composition. In this study, we utilized experimental design to explore the degree of satisfaction and involvement when students learning with "robots in creative course" in terms of its varied gender composition (male group, female group, gender-mixed group). Analysis of the questionnaire results demonstrates that the gender-mixed group and male group claim higher degrees of satisfaction and involvement of "robots in creative course" than the female group. The instruction suggests and recommendations for future research are made.
Specifying the Representation of Non-geometric Information in 3D Virtual Environments
Authors: Kaveh Bazargan, Gilles Falquet
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part II: Novel Interaction Methods and Techniques (2009)

In 3D virtual environments (3DVE), we need to know what an object looks like (i.e. geometric information) and what the object is, what are its properties and characteristics and how it relates to other objects (i.e. non-geometric information). Several interactive presentation techniques have been devised to incorporate non-geometric information into 3DVEs. The relevance of a technique depends on the context. Therefore, the choice of an appropriate representation technique cannot be done once for all and must be adapted to the context. In this paper, we first present a preliminary classification of representation techniques for non-geometric information in 3DVE. Then we propose a formalism, based on description logics, to describe the usability of a technique in a given context. We show how these descriptions can be processed to select appropriate techniques when automatically or semi-automatically generating a 3DVE.
Starting Out with Games and Graphics in C++, 1st edition
Authors: Tony Gaddis
Venue:  (2009)

KEY BENEFIT: This accessible, step-by-step presentation uses graphical examples and simple, complete, video games to teach programming skills and C++. KEY TOPICS: Introduction to Computers and Programming; Graphics Programming with C++ and the Dark GDK; Variables, Colors, and Calculations; void Functions; Working with Images; Control Structures; The Game Loop and Animation; Value-Returning Functions and Mouse Input; Arrays and Text Processing; Working with Files; and Object-Oriented Programming. Game Projects: Scones McNabb; Vulture Trouble; Object-Oriented Vulture Trouble. MARKET: Ideal for beginning C++ programmers.
On-line SPC with consideration of learning curve
Authors: Ling Yang, Yuh-Rau Wang, Suzanne Pai
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2009)

This work identifies a link between on-line statistical process control (SPC) and the learning effect for the process standard deviation (PSD) caused by the quality improvement (QI) program. The learning curve (LC) is used to describe and forecast, and the exponentially weighted root mean square control chart is used to monitor the progress in reducing PSD. A modification of the quality control chart (QCC) that considers LC of PSD is proposed. The reduction rate of PSD may be large during the initial stage of the QI program, and influences QCC construction. Simulation is used to compare the shift-detecting ability of the Shewhart-X@? control chart and EWMA-X@? control chart, without- and with- consideration of LC. The EWMA-X@? chart with consideration of LC performs best. In comparison, the Shewhart-X@? chart without LC consideration has almost no shift-detecting ability when the shift magnitude of the process mean is small, leading to rendering quality control ineffective.
Richbiff: E-Mail Message Notification with Richer Clues
Authors: Mitsuru Minakuchi, Hisashi Miyamori
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2009 on ConferenceUniversal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Traditional e-mail notification applications, which notify the user of newly arrived messages, are frequently insufficient because users daily receive a vast number of messages. Hence, we propose an e-mail notification application that peripherally displays summaries of messages in the form of kinetic typography. In addition, it infers the possibility of a message being read to control notification levels and conceals parts of words to avoid exposing excessive personal information. We have qualitatively confirmed the effects of the application through trial use; it can strongly attract users' attention and motivate the user to check significant messages.
The Determination of Jurisdiction in Grid and Cloud Service Level Agreements
Authors: Davide Maria Parrilli
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models (2009)

Service Level Agreements in Grid and Cloud scenarios can be a source of disputes particularly in case of breach of the obligations arising under them. It is then important to determine where parties can litigate in relation with such agreements. The paper deals with this question in the peculiar context of the European Union, and so taking into consideration Regulation 44/2001. According to the rules on jurisdiction provided by the Regulation, two general distinctions are drawn in order to determine which (European) courts are competent to adjudicate disputes arising out of a Service Level Agreement. The former is between B2B and B2C transactions, and the latter regards contracts which provide a jurisdiction clause and contracts which do not.
Rule Learning with Probabilistic Smoothing
Authors: Gianni Costa, Massimo Guarascio, Giuseppe Manco, Riccardo Ortale, Ettore Ritacco
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery (2009)

A hierarchical classification framework is proposed for discriminating rare classes in imprecise domains, characterized by rarity (of both classes and cases), noise and low class separability. The devised framework couples the rules of a rule-based classifier with as many local probabilistic generative models. These are trained over the coverage of the corresponding rules to better catch those globally rare cases/classes that become less rare in the coverage. Two novel schemes for tightly integrating rule-based and probabilistic classification are introduced, that classify unlabeled cases by considering multiple classifier rules as well as their local probabilistic counterparts. An intensive evaluation shows that the proposed framework is competitive and often superior in accuracy w.r.t. established competitors, while overcoming them in dealing with rare classes.
A Simulation Model to Compare Strategies for the Reduction of Health-Care--Associated Infections
Venue: Interfaces (2009)

Cook County Hospital, like many hospitals in the United States and worldwide, is pursuing a strategy to combat health-care--associated infections (HAIs). In the United States, approximately two million people are infected each year and over 100,000 die. In this paper, an interdisciplinary team of researchers from Georgia Tech and Cook County Hospital, with backgrounds in engineering, economics, and medicine, analyze the flow of pathogens. We combine infection rates and cost data to build a discrete-event simulation model to capture the complex relationships between hand hygiene, isolation, demand, and costs. We find that both hand hygiene and isolation policies have a significant impact on rates of infection, and that a complex interplay between factors exists. This suggests that a systems-level approach to infection-control procedures will be required to contain health-care--associated infections.
Combining constituent parsers
Authors: Victoria Fossum, Kevin Knight
Venue: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Companion Volume: Short Papers (2009)

Combining the 1-best output of multiple parsers via parse selection or parse hybridization improves f-score over the best individual parser (Henderson and Brill, 1999; Sagae and Lavie, 2006). We propose three ways to improve upon existing methods for parser combination. First, we propose a method of parse hybridization that recombines context-free productions instead of constituents, thereby preserving the structure of the output of the individual parsers to a greater extent. Second, we propose an efficient linear-time algorithm for computing expected f-score using Minimum Bayes Risk parse selection. Third, we extend these parser combination methods from multiple 1-best outputs to multiple n-best outputs. We present results on WSJ section 23 and also on the English side of a Chinese-English parallel corpus.
A Formal IT-Security Model for a Weak Fair-Exchange Cooperation with Non-repudiation Proofs
Authors: Rüdiger Grimm
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies (2009)

This article presents a formal IT-securitymodel for the step-by-step exchange of digital items. Following the taxonomy of Asokan the model presented here addresses the security requirements for a so-called “weak” fair exchange. “Weak” refers to the fact, that third parties are used to dissolve disputes. In this model, non-repudiation proofs are used in an external dispute to establish weak fairness. It shows how many unproved steps can be tolerated by one party without loss of fairness. The model is based on the idea of a “continuous balance of obligations and their proofs”. This idea was proposed 1993 by Grimm, but never since formalized properly.
Inscriptions becoming representations
Authors: Richard Medina, Daniel Suthers, Ravi Vatrapu
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1 (2009)

This paper analyzes the interaction of three students working on mathematics problems over several days in a virtual math team. Our analysis traces out how successful collaboration in a later session was contingent upon the work of prior sessions, and shows how representational practices are important aspects of these participants' mathematical problem solving. We trace the formation, transformation and refinement of one problem-solving practice--problem decomposition--and three representational practices--inscribe first solve second, modulate perspective and visualize decomposition. The analysis shows how inscriptions become representations for the group through a historical trajectory of negotiation. This result is of theoretical interest because it shows how the practices underlying group cognition are contingent upon not only the immediate situation but also the chronologically prior resources and associated practices.
Modelling the fate and transport of negatively buoyant storm-river water in small multi-basin lakes
Authors: Francisco J. Rueda, Sally MacIntyre
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2010)

The dynamics of negatively buoyant river plumes in a small multi-basin kettle lake with steep bathymetry (Toolik Lake, AK) are simulated using a Cartesian hydrodynamic model based on the solution of the three-dimensional shallow water equations. To validate the model, model predictions are compared with results from previous analytical and laboratory studies and with field observations. The grid resolution adopted for the Toolik Lake model is 0.5m (=@Dz) in the vertical and 20m (=@Dx) in the horizontal, so that the ratio of the bottom slope S"0 to @Dz/@Dx is lower than 4 in 99% of the computational domain. With that resolution, the model represents correctly the rate of mixing between lake and river water and the speed of propagation of downslope gravity currents. The model provides accurate predictions of the temperature structure (RMSE=0.25^oC) and of eddy diffusivities at the depths of the intrusions of incoming water. Measurements and modelling show similar fractions and depth distribution of river water on a cross-basin transect, which suggests that the mixing dynamics of the plume as it transits between basins are well resolved. Thus, the stage is set to quantify the ecological consequences of storm events in small lakes with several interconnected basins using coupled biological measurements and 3D modelling.
State agnostic planning graphs and the application to belief-space planning
Authors: William Cushing, Daniel Bryce
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3 (2005)

Planning graphs have been shown to be a rich source of heuristic information for many kinds of planners. In many cases, planners must compute a planning graph for each element of a set of states. The naive technique enumerates the graphs individually. This is equivalent to solving an all-pairs shortest path problem by iterating a single-source algorithm over each source. We introduce a structure, the state agnostic planning graph, that directly, solves the all-pairs problem for the relaxation introduced by planning graphs. The technique can also be characterized as exploiting the overlap present in sets of planning graphs. For the purpose of exposition, we first present the technique in classical planning. The more prominent application of tnis technique is in belief-space planning, where an optimization results in drastically improved theoretical complexity. Our experimental evaluation quantifies this performance boost. and demonstrates that heuristic belief-space progression planning using our technique is competitive with the state of t the art.
Application of Grey Relational Clustering and Data Mining in Data Flow of E-Commerce
Authors: Qu Zhiming, Liang Xiaoying
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing - Volume 01 (2009)

The data mining of E-commerce is to extract implicit, valuable business and understandable information from vast information to guide future business activities. As an important branch of data mining, grey relational clustering has become a hot research spot in the field of data mining because its form is simple, easy to be interpreted and understood, and it describes the important data relationship effectively from large databases in recent years. Through grey relational clustering, it is concluded that the intrinsic link among goods, goods sale and customer, is found out, which is of very important guiding significance for personalized commodity recommendation, enterprise market positioning and the corresponding invoicing strategy in E-commerce.
Everyone Counts: Voting Accessibility
Authors: E. Vincent Cross,  Ii, Shanee Dawkins, Jerome Mcclendon, Tony Sullivan, Greg Rogers, Arit Erete, Juan E. Gilbert
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services (2009)

There are approximately 37.5 million disabled Americans of voting age. Current voting technologies have failed to provide Americans with disabilities a voting system that allows them to vote without assistance. Through the use of natural interaction a voting system called Prime III provides a secure and usable voting system for all voters regardless of ability. Prime III was recently tested at the Alabama Institute for the Deaf and Blind in which a number of Americans with various disabilities had the opportunity to vote. Participants were tasked with casting their vote using Prime III. The results of this study showed that Prime III allowed voters who where blind, and/or hearing impaired the ability to cast their vote without any additional assistance. The participants noted that Prime III was easy to use and trusted the system to successfully cast their vote.
Application of Durability Sensors in Reinforced Concrete Liner of Subsea Tunnel
Authors: Peng Zhang, Tie-jun Zhao, Zu-quan Jin, Ji-zeng Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

The long term durability is of great importance for the reinforced concrete structures such as subsea tunnel. Therefore, different sensor systems have been developed to monitor the corrosion risk of the reinforcement, designed to be installed directly into the concrete during construction. In this contribution the so-called Anode-Ladder durability sensor system has been introduced and proposed to be first time installed in the reinforced concrete liner of the second subsea tunnel in China. The time-to-corrosion behavior of the concrete structures will be monitored and consequently the real service life of the structure can be predicted. This practical application will provide significant experiences and contributions to the other subsea tunnel constructions in the near future in China.