ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reliability of a System with n Parallel and Not Identical Elements with Constant Failure Rates
Authors: M. Sharifi, M. Ganjian, P. Shafiee
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Reliability models based on Marcov chain (Except queuing systems) have extensive application in calculate the reliability of electrical and electronically devices. In this article we consider a system with n parallel and not necessary identical elements with constant failure rates (Failure rates had exponential distribution). The system works until entire elements fail. The elements are not repairable and the system could not come back to previous states. At the end, the system parameters like MTTF, are calculated and a numerical example with three parallel and not identical elements is solved.
A Method for Detecting and Measuring Architectural Layering Violations in Source Code
Authors: Santonu Sarkar, Girish Maskeri Rama, Shubha R
Venue: Proceedings of the XIII Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (2006)

The layered architecture pattern has been widely adopted by the developer community in order to build large software systems. The layered organization of software modules offers a number of benefits such as reusability, changeability and portability to those who are involved in the development and maintenance of such software systems. But in reality as the system evolves over time, rarely does the actual source code of the system conform to the conceptual horizontal layering of modules. This in turn results in a significant degradation of system maintainability. In order to re-factor such a system to improve its maintainability, it is very important to discover, analyze and measure violations of layered architecture pattern. In this paper we propose a technique to discover such violations in the source code and quantitatively measure the amount of non-conformance to the conceptual layering. The proposed approach evaluates the extent to which the module dependencies across layers violate the layered architecture pattern. In order to evaluate the accuracy of our approach, we have applied this technique to discover and analyze such violations to a set of open source applications and a proprietary business application by taking the help of domain experts wherever possible.
Homeland security guest address managing the risk of terrorism?
Authors: Gordon Woo
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

The threat of terrorist attacks in the U.S. continues to pose a risk to the insurance industry. In a sector where financial stability is the hallmark of leading firms, the need for complete portfolio management for terrorism risk is evidenced by major attacks. The first attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, the 1995 Okalahoma City Bombing, and the catastrophic events of September 11, 2001 all serve as reminders to the insurance markets that man-made catastrophe risk should be proactively underwritten and managed. As the terrorism landscape continues to evolve, the insurance industry is seeking to quantify, underwrite, manage, and transfer risk from this unfamiliar peril.RMS has developed an extensive terrorism advisors network consisting of the world's leading authorities on terrorism risk for collaboration on the RMS terrorism model. The RMS&reg; U.S. Terrorism Risk Model provides a comprehensive analysis of terrorism risk in the U.S., quantifying risk from both foreign and domestic terrorist organizations. It supports multi-line risk analysis for both certified and non-certified events causing property loss, business interruption, and workers compensation claims.The model quantifies the impact of a representative suite of potential terrorist attacks, ranging from various conventional weapons historically used by terrorists including chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons, also known as "weapons of mass destruction." Attacks are simulated using sophisticated models that analyze the impact of these weapons on property and people. Casualty estimates produced by the model can assist with risk assessment of other insurance lines including life, personal accident, and accidental death and dismemberment.Attacks are modeled at potential terrorist targets across the U.S., implementing techniques for target prioritization that replicate the processes of target selection known to be employed by terrorist organizations. The numbers and types of attacks incorporated in to the model include the potential for multiple synchronized attacks, a signature of Al Qaeda and its associated organizations around the globe.Terrorism is a rapidly changing risk. RMS regularly assesses and reviews the risk environment, producing a periodic Terrorism Risk Briefing for clients and parameterizes the probabilistic model through the provision of Risk Outlooks. Clients are able to use alternative Risk Outlooks to perform sensitivity analyses and test risk management decisions under different assumptions for potential future developments. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A Validated Method for Dense Non-rigid 3D Face Registration
Authors: J. Rafael Tena, Miroslav Hamouz, Adrian Hilton, John Illingworth
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

Deformable surface fitting methods have been widely used to establish dense correspondence across different 3D objects of the same class. Dense correspondence is a critical step in constructing morphable face models for face recognition. In this paper a mainstream method for constructing dense correspondences is evaluated on 912 3D face scans from the Face Recognition Grand Challenge FRGC V1 database. A number of modifications to the standard deformable surface approach are introduced to overcome limitations identified in the evaluation. Proposed modifications include multi-resolution fitting, adaptive correspondence search range and enforcing symmetry constraints. The modified deformable surface approach is validated on the 912 FRGC 3D face scans and is shown to overcome limitations of the standard approach which resulted in gross fitting errors. The modified approach halves the rms fitting error with 98% of points within 0.5mm of their true position compared to 67% with the standard approach.
"How many planar viewing surfaces are there in noncentral catadioptric cameras?" Towards singe-image localization of space lines
Authors: Vincenzo Caglioti, Simone Gasparini
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

In-door environments often contain several straight line segments. The 3D reconstruction of such environments can thus reduce to the localization of lines in the 3D space. Multi-view reconstruction requires the solution of the correspondence problem. The use of a single image to localize space lines is attractive, since the correspondence problem can be avoided. However, using a perspective camera (or a central one), a line can not be localized, since its viewing surface is planar, and hence it can contain infinite lines other than the correct one. In this paper we study the number of planar viewing surfaces for a general class of catadioptric cameras, constituted by an axial symmetric mirror and a perspective camera placed at generic relative position. We show that, under broad conditions, there is only a discrete set of planar viewing surfaces for the considered class of cameras. This result establishes a qualitative difference with respect to axial-symmetric cameras (e.g., catadioptric cameras constituted by an axial-symmetric mirror plus a perspective camera, whose viewpoint is constrained to be on the mirror axis), where an infinite set of planar viewing surfaces exists. Then, some conditions are derived for the localization of lines in the 3D space from single images. Preliminary experiments are also reported.
Institutions in the OPAL multi-agent system
Authors: Mariusz Nowostawski, Martin Purvis, Marcos De Oliveira, Stephen Cranefield
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology (2006)

The management of interoperations among agents in an open multi agent system demands a robust organisation mechanism to look after the entire interaction process. In most multi-agent systems, agents communicate and coordinate their activities by sending messages representing particular communicative acts (or performatives). Agent communication languages must strike a balance between simplicity and expressiveness by defining a limited set of communicative act types that fit the communication needs of a wide set of problems. More complex requirements for particular problems are traditionally handled by defining domain-specific predicates and actions within ontologies. In this paper we argue that ontologies are primarily of practical use only within the domain of agent institutions, and we outline how institutions are modelled and used in the OPAL agent platform that we are developing. We also present and discuss the use of inter-agent commitments as a mechanism within institutions that promotes coordinated activity in organized multi agent societies. Our approach is designed to address the communication needs of multi-agent systems on multiple levels of abstraction, thus providing a general and robust framework for agent-oriented software engineering.
An Ontological Approach for Semantic-Aware Learning Object Retrieval
Authors: Ming-Che Lee, Kun Hua Tsai, Tzone I. Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

SCORM LOM, enables the indexing, location, management, and searching of learning objects in a learning object repository by extended sharing and searching features. However, LOM has a deficiency in semantic-awareness capability. In most information retrieval systems, users' cognitive ability on what they need is a basic system assumption. However, in e-learning systems, users may have no idea on what they want and what the learning objects' metadata is. This paper presents an ontological approach for semantic-aware learning object retrieval. This approach is generic enough to be embedded to other LOM-based search mechanisms to achieve semantic-aware learning object retrieval.
A Comparative Study of Boosted and Adaptive Particle Filters for Affine-Invariant Target Detection and Tracking
Authors: Guoliang Fan, Vijay Venkataraman, Li Tang, Joseph Havlicek
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

This paper addresses a specific multi-aspect target detection and tracking problem where the dynamics of the target's aspect is modeled by an affine model following a first-order Markov process. We are interested in how to achieve robust and accurate Monte Carlo estimation in a high-dimensional state space with poor target visibility by re-visiting two recent improvements to particle filters, i.e., "boosting" and "adapting". The impetus of this work is a tracking indicator that estimates the tracking performance based on the observation model and may trigger either one of two actions when it is necessary. One is "boosting", i.e., the detector specified by the tracker's previous output is involved to induce more promising particles, and the original idea of "boosting" is extended here by encouraging positive interaction between the detector and the tracker. The other is "adapting", i.e., the system model can self-adjust to enhance the tracking capability. We compare two methods in the context of affine-invariant target tracking and with respect to their contributions to improve the particle quality. Experiments on simulated image sequences with real infrared background show that both techniques can improve the tracking performance by balancing the focus and the diversity of particle distribution.
Event-Related Brain Potentials and Case Information in Syntactic Ambiguities
Authors: Jens-Max Hopf, Josef Bayer, Markus Bader, Michael Meng
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1998)

In an ERP study, German sentences were investigated that contain a case-ambiguous NP that may be assigned accusative or dative case. Sentences were disambiguated by the verb in final position of the sentence. As our data show, sentences ending in a verb that assigns dative case to the ambiguous NP elicit a clear garden-path effect. The garden-path effect was indicated by a broad centro-posterior negative shift that occurred between 300 and 900 msec after the dative-assigning verb was presented. No enhanced P600 following the misanalysis was observed. Noun phrases whose case ambiguity was resolved in favor of accusative case and unambiguously dative-marked NPs did not trigger significant ERP differences. We will discuss the implications of our results for parsing and its neuropsychological correlates.The results of this study support a parser design according to which the so-called structural case (nominative or accusative) is assigned without any delay in the absence of morpho-lexical counterevidence. It is argued that the enhancement of a negative ERP component with a "classical" N400 topography reflects the difficulty of reanalysis due to reaccessing morpho-lexical information that lies outside the domain of the parsing module.Consequently, ERP responses to garden-path effects are not confined to a late positivity but vary depending on the level of processing involved in reanalysis. The fact that garden-path effects may also elicit an N400 can be linked to the nonhomogeneous linguistic properties of the constructions from which they arise.
Discovering Partial Orders in Binary Data
Authors: Deepak Rajan, Philip S. Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

We approach the problem of discovering interesting orders in data. In many applications, it is more important to find interesting partial orders since there is often no clear ordering between certain sets of elements. Furthermore, a partial order is more robust against partially erroneous data. We present the notion of fundamental partial orders (FPO), and argue that any partial order that satisfies this property is an interesting partial order. To mine such partial orders, we present a two-stage methodology that first finds an interesting total order, and then discovers a partial order satisfying FPO using this total order. To illustrate, we focus on {0, 1} data. This is an important problem with many applications, e.g., in paleontology, where we chronologically order fossil sites by minimizing Lazarus counts. We present the experimental results of our method on paleontological data, and show that it outperforms existing approaches. The techniques developed here are general and can be abstracted for mining partial orders in any setting.
GuangQunFangPu: e-Humanities Combining Textual and Botanic Information
Authors: Shu-Kai Hsieh, Shu-Ming Chang, Chun-Han Chang, Yi-Shuan Zhou, Chu-Ren Huang, Feng-Ju Lo, Ru-Ying Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

In this paper, we propose a lexicon-driven and ontologymerging methodology of constructing diachronic domain knowledge via Sinica BOW, a bilingual ontological lexical resource based on WordNet and SUMO ontology. The main domain knowledge that we model our specialized ontology on is GuangQunFangPu, a Chinese classic literature of botany. Our studies yields promising result, we believe that the proposed research scenario will boost the on-going development of e-Humanities.
Deriving axioms across ontologies
Authors: Dejing Dou, Drew McDermott
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Ontologies play a key role in agent communication and the emerging Semantic Web. Axioms are an important component of ontologies to describe the relationships among the concepts. The current research on ontology mapping and ontology translation mainly focuses on how to map and translate the vocabularies and associated data instances from one ontology to another. However, when extending one ontology using axioms from another, we must confront the problem of translating axioms. In this paper, we show that simple symbol replacement will not solve the problem of axiom translation because of asymmetry of translation. Instead we extend our inferential ontology translation for facts (ground atomic formulas) and queries to cover axioms using a method we call axiom derivation.
Shape Saliency Modulates Contextual Processing in the Human Lateral Occipital Complex
Authors: Christian F. Altmann, Arne Deubelius, Zoe Kourtzi
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Visual context influences our perception of target objects in natural scenes. However, little is known about the analysis of context information and its role in shape perception in the human brain. We investigated whether the human lateral occipital complex (LOC), known to be involved in the visual analysis of shapes, also processes information about the context of shapes within cluttered scenes. We employed an fMRI adaptation paradigm in which fMRI responses are lower for two identical than for two different stimuli presented consecutively. The stimuli consisted of closed target contours defined by aligned Gabor elements embedded in a background of randomly oriented Gabors. We measured fMRI adaptation in the LOC across changes in the context of the target shapes by manipulating the position and orientation of the background elements. No adaptation was observed across context changes when the background elements were presented in the same plane as the target elements. However, adaptation was observed when the grouping of the target elements was enhanced in a bottom-up (i.e., grouping by disparity or motion) or top-down (i.e., shape priming) manner and thus the saliency of the target shape increased. These findings suggest that the LOC processes information not only about shapes, but also about their context. This processing of context information in the LOC is modulated by figure&ndash;ground segmentation and grouping processes. That is, neural populations in the LOC encode context information when relevant to the perception of target shapes, but represent salient targets independent of context changes.
Projective two-weight codes with small parameters and their corresponding graphs
Authors: Iliya Bouyukliev, Veerle Fack, Wolfgang Willems, Joost Winne
Venue: Designs, Codes and Cryptography (2006)

Projective two-weight codes with relatively small parameters are enumerated up to equivalence. Some properties of codes and related strongly-regular graphs are presented.
Mobile user tracking using a hybrid neural network
Authors: Kausik Majumdar, Nabanita Das
Venue: Wireless Networks (2005)

In this paper, a novel technique for location prediction of mobile users has been proposed, and a paging technique based on this predicted location is developed. As a mobile user always travels with a destination in mind, the movements of users, are, in general, preplanned, and are highly dependent on the individual characteristics. Hence, neural networks with its learning and generalization ability may act as a suitable tool to predict the location of a terminal provided it is trained appropriately by the personal mobility profile of individual user. For prediction, the performance of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network has been studied first. Next, to recognize the inherent clusters in the input data, and to process it accordingly, a hybrid network composed of a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) network followed by a number of MLP networks has been employed. Simulation studies show that the latter performs better for location management. This approach is free from all unrealistic assumptions about the movement of the users. It is applicable to any arbitrary cell architecture. It attempts to reduce the total location management cost and paging delay, in general.
A Depth-First Mutation-Based Genetic Algorithm for Flow Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Pei-Chann Chang, Chen-Hao Liu, Chin-Yuan Fan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

This paper presents a novel memetic genetic algorithm (GA) for the Flow Shop Scheduling problem by combining mutation-based local search with traditional genetic algorithm. The local search is based on the depth-first mutation-based searching process and the depth, i.e., the number of total mutation within each generation is according to the number of jobs to be scheduled. In traditional GA, the optimal solution may just next to the current best one however the combination of crossover and mutation may generate individuals with the solution jumping off the optimal zones. Therefore, in this research the classical mutation is replaced by depth-first multiple mutations within each generation. The multi-mutation can provide a more completely deep searching during each generation therefore there are more chances for the evolving searching procedure to reach to the optimal zone. In addition, the SA based acceptance rate is designed to be incorporated into the searching procedure; therefore the convergence rate of the hybrid GA can be further improved. The test problems are selected from the OR library, and the computational results show that the hybrid GA has a better solution quality than simple GA and NEH heuristic.
Is the Human Amygdala Critical for the Subjective Experience of Emotion? Evidence of Intact Dispositional Affect in Patients with Amygdala Lesions
Authors: Adam K. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Phelps
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

It is thought that the human amygdala is a critical component of the neural substrates of emotional experience, involved particularly in the generation of fear, anxiety, and general negative affectivity. Although many neuroimaging studies demonstrate findings consistent this notion, little evidence of altered emotional experience following amygdala damage has been gathered in humans. In a preliminary test of the amygdala's role in phenomenal affective states, we assessed the extent of experienced positive and negative affective states in patients with amygdala damage and age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. To assess chronic changes in experienced affect, all groups were administered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedules (PANAS, Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). In the first study, we examined the effects of amygdala lesions on affective traits in 10 left and 10 right amygdala-damaged patients, 1 patient with bilateral amygdala damage (SP), and 20 control subjects. Subjects were asked to indicate the typicality of different experiential states of positive (e.g., inspired, excited) and negative (e.g., afraid, nervous) valence. In a second study, we examined more closely the effects of bilateral amygdala damage on the day-to-day generation of affective states by administering the PANAS daily for a 30-day period to patient SP and age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. In both experiments, no differences in the magnitude and frequency of self-reported positive or negative affect were found between control subjects and patients with amygdala damage. Moreover, principal components analyses of the covariation among different affects (across individuals in Study 1 and within individuals across days in Study 2) confirmed a two-factor (positive vs. negative) description of experienced affect in controls. A highly similar two-factor description of experienced affect was found in patients with amygdala lesions. This suggests that the underlying structure of affective states was intact following amygdala damage. It is concluded that the human amygdala may be recruited during phenomenal affective states in the intact brain, but is not necessary for the production of these states.