ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
First-order stochastic modeling
Authors: Daniel Jacob Pless
Venue:  (2003)

A key issue throughout the history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the problem of knowledge representation. During the early days of AI, logic provided the basis for most knowledge engineering. The logic-based approaches were found to be quite brittle and couldn't handle effectively the uncertainty that exists everywhere in the world. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Bayesian Networks (BNs), invented by Judea Pearl, came into vogue. By providing a principled probabilistic foundation for handling uncertainty, these Networks overcame many of the weaknesses of the earlier knowledge representations. However, BNs themselves are not as expressive as is needed to handle the true complexity of the world. BNs are propositional in nature; they can only express models containing a finite number of variables. This limitation makes it cumbersome to express relations across classes of variables. Thus, there is a need for first-order representations of stochastic models. These first-order systems are aimed at problems with repetitive or recursive structure. This thesis explores such first-order modeling systems from the perspective of three important programming language paradigms. The first paradigm is object-oriented programming. The stochastic equivalent uses objects to permit encapsulation as well as infinite recursion. The second paradigm is functional programming. Here the functions from &lambda;-calculus can be extended to allow arbitrarily complex stochastic mappings. The final paradigm is based on logic programming. This is the most direct lifting of propositional BNs to a first-order predicate representation. After presenting these three first-order languages, this thesis compares these approaches and discusses their relative utility for first-order stochastic modeling.
CMU-WEB: a conceptual model with metrics for testing and designing usability in Web applications
Authors: Akhilesh Bajaj, Ramayya Krishnan
Venue: Advanced topics in database research vol. 1 (2003)

With the ubiquitous availability of browsers and Internet access, the last few years have seen a tremendous growth in the number of applications being developed on the World Wide Web (WWW). Models for analyzing and designing these applications are only just beginning to emerge. In this work, we propose a three-dimensional classification space for WWW applications, consisting of a degree of structure of pages dimension, a degree of support for interrelated events dimension and a location of processing dimension. Next, we propose usability design metrics for WWW applications along the structure of pages dimension. To measure these, we propose CMU-WEB-a conceptual model that can be used to design WWW applications, such that its schema provide values for the design metrics. This work represents the first effort, to the best of our knowledge, to provide a conceptual model that measures quantifiable metrics that can be used for the design of more usable Web applications, and that can also be used to compare the usability of existing Web applications, without empirical testing.
Rights and Argumentation in Open Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Eduardo Alonso
Venue: Artificial Intelligence Review (2004)

As utility calculus cannot account for an important part of agents' behaviour in Multi-Agent Systems, researchers have progressively adopted a more normative approach. Unfortunately, social laws have turned out to be too restrictive in real-life domains where autonomous agents' activity cannot be completely specified in advance. It seems that a halfway concept between anarchic and off-line constrained interaction is needed. We think that the concept of right suits this idea. Rights improve coordination and facilitate social action in Multi-Agent domains. Rights allow the agents enough freedom, and at the same time constrain them (prohibiting specific actions). Besides, rights can be understood as the basic concept underneath open normative systems where the agents reason about the code they must abide by. Typically, in such systems this code is underspecified. On the other hand, the agents might not have complete knowledge about the rules governing their interaction. Conflict situations arise, thus, when the agents have different points of view as to how to apply the code. We have extended Parsons's et al. argumentation protocol (Parsons et al. 1998a, b) to normative systems to deal with this problem.
Association Rules Mining for Name Entity Recognition
Authors: Indra Budi, Stéphane Bressan
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2003)

We propose a new name entity class extraction method based on association rules. We evaluate and compare the performance of our method with the state of the art maximum entropy method. We show that our method consistently yields a higher precision at a competitive level of recall. This result makes our method particularly suitable for tasks whose requirements emphasize the quality rather than the quantity of results.
PaintingClass: interactive construction, visualization and exploration of decision trees
Authors: Soon Tee Teoh, Kwan-Liu Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2003)

Decision trees are commonly used for classification. We propose to use decision trees not just for classification but also for the wider purpose of knowledge discovery, because visualizing the decision tree can reveal much valuable information in the data. We introduce PaintingClass, a system for interactive construction, visualization and exploration of decision trees. PaintingClass provides an intuitive layout and convenient navigation of the decision tree. PaintingClass also provides the user the means to interactively construct the decision tree. Each node in the decision tree is displayed as a visual projection of the data. Through actual examples and comparison with other classification methods, we show that the user can effectively use PaintingClass to construct a decision tree and explore the decision tree to gain additional knowledge.
Shape Understanding: Knowledge Generation and Learning
Authors: Zbigniew Les, Magdalena Les
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2004)

Abstract--In this paper, a method of knowledge generation as part of a shape-understanding method is presented. The proposed method of knowledge generation consists of: learning the description of new a posteriori classes, learning the concept of visual objects, and generation of the visual representation of "inner¿ objects. The visual concept, as part of the concept of the visual object, is expressed as a set of symbolic names that refers to possible classes of shape. The visual concept can be used to find the visual similarities between different visual objects, perform visual transformations as part of visual thinking capabilities of a system, and memorize a visual object as a symbolic representation. The knowledge obtained in the process of knowledge generation is integrated with an existing knowledge of a shape understanding system and used in the explanatory process. This system of shape understanding (SUS), that is, the implementation of the shape understanding method, is designed to imitate the visual thinking capabilities of the human visual system. The SUS consists of different types of experts that perform different processing and reasoning tasks and is designed to perform visual diagnosis in medical applications.
Automated facilitation of electronic meetings
Authors: Zachary Wong, Milam Aiken
Venue: Information and Management (2003)

Much group support system (GSS) research has focused on the impact of group size, leadership, tasks, and other variables on the effectiveness and efficiency of meetings, but few studies have investigated the effect of different facilitation modes. An automated facilitator could assist or possibly supplant a human facilitator in complex or geographically distributed meetings. Our study of electronic meetings showed that automated facilitation was as good as expert-human and better than novice-human facilitation for simple idea generation and ranking tasks.
Semantic-based Approach to Streaming XML Contents using Xstream
Authors: Eugene Y. C. Wong, Alvin T. S. Chan, Hong-Va Leong
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications (2003)

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) has beendeveloped and deployed by domain-specificstandardization bodies and commercial companies. Weinvestigate the possibilities and issues encompassing theuse of generalized XML in a wireless computingenvironment. Current approaches of fragmenting data donot take into account of the semantics and structure of thedata, therefore ignoring the specific needs of individualapplication. We propose a middleware, Xstream (XMLStreaming) for fragmenting XML contents by leveragingon the rich semantics and structural characteristics of theXML document into autonomous units, which are knownas XDU (Xstream Data Unit). In this paper we describethe framework and the techniques involved and study theperformance of the techniques.
Ecological Neural Networks for Object Recognition and Generalization
Authors: Raffaele Calabretta, Andrea Di Ferdinando, Domenico Parisi
Venue: Neural Processing Letters (2004)

Generalization is a critical capacity for organisms. Modeling the behavior of organisms with neural networks, some type of generalizations appear to be accessible to neural networks but other types do not. In this paper we present two simulations. In the first simulation we show that while neural networks can recognize where an object is located in the retina even if they have never experienced that object in that position ('where' generalization subtask), they have difficulty in recognizing the identity of a familiar object in a new position ('what' generalization subtask). In the second simulation we explore the hypothesis that organisms find another solution to the problem of recognizing objects in different positions on their retina: they move their eyes so that objects are always seen in the same position in the retina. This strategy emerges spontaneously in ecological neural networks that are allowed to move their 'eye' in order to bring different portions of the visible world in the central portion of their retina.
Double categories: a modular model of multiplicative linear logic
Authors: Paul-André Melliès
Venue: Mathematical Structures in Computer Science (2002)

We construct a double category &Dscr; of proof-nets in multiplicative linear logic (MLL). Its horizontal arrows are MLL modules (subnets of well-formed nets), its vertical arrows model side-effects, and its double cells interpret the cut-elimination procedure. The categorical model is modular in the sense that every computation of a composite module (&pi;1; &pi;2) factors out as the separate and interacting computations of the two subcomponents &pi;1 and &pi;2. This enables us to trace MLL modules in the course of cut-elimination, and analyze their behaviour in time.
Public eProcurement Adoption: Economic and Political Rationality
Authors: Helle Zinner Henriksen, Volker Mahnke, Jens Meiland Hansen
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 5 - Volume 5 (2004)

eProcurement is on the political agenda throughout Europe. Denmark is among the forerunners with respect to establishing a public procurement portal. So far, the overall success of the public eProcurement portal has been limited. In this paper, we discuss possible explanations for the limited success. Our focus is on whether or not the underlying mechanisms and rationalities supporting electronic marketplaces in private business are present in the public sector. The paper suggests that efficiency explanations of electronic marketplaces should be considered alongside with specific political-structural elements that characterize the public sector.
On Mobility and Context of Work: Exploring Mobile Police Work
Authors: Daniele Pica, Carsten Srensen, David Allen
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 3 - Volume 3 (2004)

This article aims to propose some elements for a theory of mobility. Mobility is the structural attribute of an age that heavily relies on information and mobile devices as identified by observed, cross-contextual research. It pervades most work and social organizations in various cultural and institutional expressions. Organizational structures rely heavily on the relationships of construction and utilization of information and on the context of interaction of the various actors. This paper explores issues of mobility within work activities of two distinct roles in a police force in the UK. Departing from the concept of mobility as interaction, this article seeks to put forth a more comprehensive theory of how to study the phenomenon of mobility within work organizations and across various roles. It advances the idea that mobilityis linked strongly to work conditions and that in order to increase such state within organizations, we must use a triangulated analysis to understand both the relation with the environment of work as well as the relation with information.
Some results on the computation of Voronoi diagrams on a mesh with multiple broadcasting
Authors: Riky Subrata, Albert Y. Zomaya
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2003)

Voronoi diagram is one of the most fundamental and important geometric data structures. Voronoi diagram was historically defined for a set of points on the plane. The diagram partitions the plane into regions, one per site. The region of a site s consists of all points closer to s than to any other sites on the plane. Concepts of Voronoi diagram are often attributed to Voronoi (J. Reine Angew. Math. 133 (1907) 97) and Dirichlet (J. Reine Angew. Math. 40 (1850) 209). As a result of these early works, often the name Voronoi diagram and Dirichlet tessellation is used. Due to the importance of Voronoi diagrams, it is important that algorithms are devised to compute these structures in an efficient manner. Of course, this will create new opportunities for the applicability of these data structures. Towards this end, this paper presents new results for the computation of Voronoi diagrams for a set of n points, or n disjoint circles on the plane, on a mesh with multiple broadcasting (MMB) of size n × n. The algorithm runs in O(log2 n) time.
Programming in context: a model-first approach to CS1
Authors: Jens Bennedsen, Michael E. Caspersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2004)

The recommendations of the Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula 2001 encompass suggestions for an object-first introductory programming course. We have identified conceptual modeling as a lacking perspective in the suggestions for CS1. Conceptual modeling is the defining characteristic of object-orientation and provides a unifying perspective and a pedagogical approach focusing upon the modelling aspects of object-orientation. Reinforcing conceptual modelling as a basis for CS1 provides an appealing course structure based on core elements from a conceptual framework for object-orientation as well as a systematic approach to programming; both of these are a big help to newcomers. The approach has a very positive impact on the number of students passing the course.
Fast and compact sequential circuits for the FPGA-based reconfigurable systems
Authors: L. Jóźwiak, A. Ślusarczyk, A. Chojnacki
Venue: Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal (2003)

Reconfigurable systems fill the flexibility, performance, power dissipation, and development and fabrication cost gap between the application specifc systems implemented with hard-wired application specific integrated circuits and systems based on the standard (general purpose) programmable microprocessors. During the last decade they became the mainstream implementation technology for custom computation and embedded system products in such fields as telecommunication, image processing, video processing, multimedia, DSP, cryptography, embedded control, etc. To efficiently develop, implement and use the reconfigurable systems, adequate computer-aided support tools are necessary. Since most reconfigurable systems are implemented using the look-up table (LUT) field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) technology, the circuit synthesis tools targeting this technology are of primary importance for their effective and efficient implementation. In this paper, a new sequential circuit synthesis methodology is discussed that targets LUT FPGAs and FPGA-based reconfigurable system-on-a-chip platforms. The methodology is based on the information-driven approach to circuit synthesis, general decomposition and theory of information relationship measures that we previously developed. Our synthesis methods considerably differ from all other known methods. The experimental results from the automatic circuit synthesis tools that implement our methods demonstrate that the information-driven approach consistently applied in the whole sequential circuit synthesis chain efficiently produces very fast and compact sequential circuits.
Software outsourcing prospects for small developing countries
Authors: Stewart Bishop
Venue: Managing globally with information technology (2003)

Developing countries have been utilizing information and communication technologies in the management of their business and administrative affairs to improve efficiency and effectiveness; at the national level also, they have been innovative with the establishment of information services sectors. From the initial provision of data entry services some developing countries, as participants in the global software outsourcing movement, have embarked on the development of software for export. Many challenges ranging from insufficient skilled personnel to becoming competitive in a fierce marketplace will be forced. This chapter examines the participation of two small Caribbean countries and describes education and training initiatives and other policy approaches taken by them. The consensus is that, while they will hardly ever make a significant impact on global outsourcing, such small developing countries can achieve substantial economic benefits, stimulate their domestic Information Technology environment and attain an enhanced technological capability.
Understanding caching
Authors: James Bottomley
Venue: Linux Journal (2004)

Use the cache right, and your code runs fast. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A note on some limits of the algebraic specification method
Authors: Douglas W. Jones
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

If the algebraic method for the specification of abstract data types and programming languages is to be of general utility, it must be possible to define any data type along with the operations on it. An algebraic definition for a data type previously posed as being undefinable by that method is presented, and questions about the utility of the result are considered.
A customized learning objects approach to teaching programming
Authors: Ananda Gunawardena, Victor Adamchik
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

We will discuss a unique content-creation, delivery and maintenance model for designing and teaching programming courses. This approach is based on the idea of creating customized learning objects, each of which is uniquely described by an XML document and presents an interface for future search, retrieval and update, as well as a potential connection to external assessment tools. We will demonstrate the electronic Adoptive Book that serves as an interactive, continuously up-to-date learning environment for students as well as an authoring tool for the instructor.
Generalising the Z Schema Calculus: Database Schemas and Beyond
Authors: Andrew Martin, Andrew Simpson
Venue: Proceedings of the Tenth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Software Engineering Conference (2003)

The theory of relational databases has much in common withthe mathematical structures central to the Z notation. Manyauthors have noted these connections in the past, but thedevelopment of the Z Standard has provided a more naturalway of making these links explicit. In this paper we exploreextensions to the schema calculus that may help to model thefamiliar relational algebra operations in a clear way. Potentialareas of application for this work include pedagogy,practical database design, and helping to point the way towardsa more general means for defining a broader class ofschema calculus operations.
New Year's Resolutions for Software Quality
Authors: Victor R. Basili, Barry Boehm, Al Davis, Watts S. Humphrey, Nancy Leveson, Nancy R. Mead, John D. Musa, David Lorge Parnas, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Elaine Weyuker
Venue: IEEE Software (2004)

In the spirit of making resolutions for betterment in the New Year, ten distinguished individuals in the software quality field offer their recommendations on how organizations can improve software quality.
Predicting the Performance of Globus Monitoring and Discovery Service (MDS-2) Queries
Authors: Hélène N. Lim Choi Keung, Justin R. D. Dyson, Stephen A. Jarvis, Graham R. Nudd
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Grid Computing (2003)

Resource discovery and monitoring in a distributed Gridenvironment gives rise to several issues, one of which is theprovision of reliable performance and hence, the quality-of-servicedelivered to Grid users. This performance requirementbrings about the necessity to know how the Monitoringand Discovery Service (MDS) would respond to variousqueries. This paper focuses on the performance ofthe MDS as part of the knowledge needed by a Grid entity,to choose a Grid Index Information Service (GIIS) fordiscovering resources. Several performance metrics are definedand the performance achieved by a GIIS is evaluatedagainst that obtained by a GRIS [15]. Based on the GIISperformance data collected, the values for the performancemetrics are predicted using different algorithms. Thus, pastperformance observations can be used to qualitatively characterisethe future performance of the GIIS, allowing Gridmiddleware built on these services to be more predictable.
The Enigma of the Sphinx
Authors: Tolga Abaci, Rachel de Bondeli, Ján Cíger, Mireille Clavien, Fatih Erol, Mario Gutiérrez, Stéphanie Noverraz, Olivier Renault, Frédéric Vexo, Daniel Thalmann
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2003)

This paper presents an evaluation of the benefits anduser acceptance of a multimodal interface in which the userinteracts with a game-like interactive virtual reality application "The Enigma of the Sphinx". The interface consists of a large projection screen as the main display, a"magic wand", a stereo sound system and the user's voicefor "casting spells". We present our conclusions concerning "friendliness" and sense of presence, based on observations of more than 150 users in a public event.
The Quiver system
Authors: Christopher C. Ellsworth, James B. Fenwick,  Jr., Barry L. Kurtz
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2004)

The Quiver (QUIz VERification) System is an Internet server for building, maintaining, and administering programming quizzes. It is similar to the online judges used for programming contests but differs in that it targets the classroom use of programming quizzes as a teaching aid and evaluation tool. It can provide very detailed feedback regarding quiz behavior so that the student can debug her program. This system is developed as part of the grant "Intra-Curriculum Software Engineering Education" funded by the National Science Foundation (DUE 0127439).