ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A micropower dsp for sensor applications
Authors: Anantha P. Chandrakasan
Venue:  (2008)

Ultra-low power systems, such as wireless microsensor networks or implanted medical devices, are driving the development of processors capable of performing increasingly complicated computations using mere microwatts of power. This thesis describes the design of a micropower DSP intended for medium bandwidth microsensor applications (such as acoustic sensing and tracking) which achieves 4 MIPS performance at 40 &mu;W (10 pJ per instruction) operating at 450 mV and fabricated in 90 nm CMOS. Energy efficiency optimizations include a custom CPU instruction set, a miniature instruction cache with a novel replacement strategy, hardware accelerator cores for FIR filter and FFT operations, and extensive power gating of both logic and memory. The tradeoffs of cache size, line length, and replacement policy for very small (a few hundred words or less) caches are explored, as are the design implications of optimizing the cache for minimum energy without regard to performance (since on-chip memory access is already single-cycle). A replacement policy designed to reduce thrashing in miniature instruction caches is presented. Efficient control of power-gated circuits requires consideration of the minimum off time, or break-even time. An energy model for determining the break-even time is developed, which correlates with measurements of the power-gated domains on the DSP. The energy savings obtained from hardware accelerators for FIR filtering and FFT operations are measured, and a model is developed to predict the actual net power reduction in a real system, including factors such as sampling rate, leakage power, latency requirements, and power gating overhead. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Feedforward Neural Network with Multi-valued Connection Weights
Authors: Arit Thammano, Phongthep Ruxpakawong
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks on Advances in Neural Networks (2009)

This paper introduces a new concept of the connection weight to the multi-layer feedforward neural network. The architecture of the proposed approach is the same as that of the original multi-layer feedforward neural network. However, the weight of each connection is multi-valued, depending on the value of the input data involved. The backpropagation learning algorithm was also modified to suit the proposed concept. This proposed model has been benchmarked against the original feedforward neural network and the radial basis function network. The results on six benchmark problems are very encouraging.
Paraconsistency and Paracompleteness in Chellas's Conditional Logics
Authors: Tetsuya Murai, Yasuo Kudo, Seiki Akama, Jair M. Abe
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Advances in Logic Based Intelligent Systems: Selected Papers of LAPTEC 2005 (2005)

Paraconsistency and its dual paracompleteness are now counted as key concepts in intelligent decision systems because so much inconsistent and incomplete information can be found around us. In this paper, a framework of conditional models for conditional logic and their measure-based extensions are introduced in order to represent association rules in a logical way. Then paracomplete and paraconsistent aspects of conditionals are examined in the framework.
A study of asynchronous design methodology for robust CMOS-nano hybrid system design
Authors: Rajat Subhra Chakraborty, Swarup Bhunia
Venue: ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC) (2009)

Among the emerging alternatives to CMOS, molecular electronics based diode-resistor crossbar fabric has generated considerable interest in recent times. Logic circuit design with future nano-scale molecular devices using dense and regular crossbar fabrics is promising in terms of integration density, performance and power dissipation. However, circuit design using molecular switches involve some major challenges: 1) lack of voltage gain of these switches that prevents logic cascading; 2) large output voltage level degradation; 3) vulnerability to parameter variations that affect yield and robustness of operation; and 4) high defect rate. In this article, we analyze some of the above challenges and investigate the effectiveness of asynchronous design methodology in a hybrid system design platform using molecular crossbar and CMOS interfacing elements. We explore different approaches of asynchronous circuit design and compare their suitability in terms of several circuit design parameters. We then develop the methodology and an automated synthesis flow to support two different asynchronous design approaches (Micropipelines and Four phase Dual-rail) for system designs using nano-crossbar logic stages and CMOS interface data-storage elements. Circuit-level simulation results for several benchmarks show considerable advantage in terms of performance and robustness at moderate area and power overhead compared to two different synchronous implementations.
Easing the Overloaded Help Desk- The Development of an User Self-Help Knowledge Management System
Authors: Nelson K. Y. Leung
Venue:  (2007)

IT has changed the way organizations function. This has resulted in reliance of help desks to support users to deal with a wide range of IT related problems such as hardware, software and telecommunication. However, due to resources problem, users often have to wait for a considerably long time before their enquiries and problems are answered and solved. Literature has shown that the majority of incoming enquiries are considered to be simple and routine which do not require specialized knowledge. This book investigates the feasibility of developing an user self-help knowledge management system by applying techniques in knowledge management and software agent technology to improve the support process of routine and simple technical enquires in the help desk. A survey is conducted to identify queries and problems that are considered to be simple and routine. The results also show that a decrease of incoming enquiries can be expected if sufficient online information, trainings, guidelines and technical documentations are provided to the users. The book is addressed to help desk practitioners and researchers in IT/IS and Knowledge Management. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Concept and Context in Legal Information Retrieval
Authors: K. Tamsin Maxwell, Burkhard Schafer
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems: JURIX 2008: The Twenty-First Annual Conference (2008)

There exist two broad approaches to information retrieval (IR) in the legal domain: those based on manual knowledge engineering (KE) and those based on natural language processing (NLP). The KE approach is grounded in artificial intelligence (AI) and case-based reasoning (CBR), whilst the NLP approach is associated with open domain statistical retrieval. We provide some original arguments regarding the focus on KE-based retrieval in the past and why this is not sustainable in the long term. Legal approaches to questioning (NLP), rather than arguing (CBR), are proposed as the appropriate jurisprudential and cognitive underpinning for legal IR. Recall within the context of precision is proposed as a better fit to law than the 'total recall' model of the past, wherein conceptual and contextual search are combined to improve retrieval performance for both parties in a dispute.
Application security code analysis: a step towards software assurance
Authors: Sanjay Rawat, Ashutosh Saxena
Venue: International Journal of Information and Computer Security (2009)

The last few years have witnessed a rapid growth in cyber attacks, with daily new vulnerabilities being discovered in computer applications. Various security-related technologies, e.g., anti-virus programs, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)&#47;Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs), firewalls, etc., are deployed to minimise the number of attacks and incurred losses. However, such technologies are not enough to completely eliminate the attacks to some extent; they can only minimise them. Therefore, software assurance is becoming a priority and an important characteristic of the software development life cycle. Application code analysis is gaining importance, as it can help in writing safe code during the development phase by detecting bugs that may lead to vulnerabilities. As a result, tremendous research on code analysis has been carried out by industry and academia and there exist many commercial and open source tools and approaches for this purpose. These have their own pros and cons. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to explore the state-of-the-art in code analysis and a few major tools which benefit not only security professionals, but also novice Information Technology (IT) professionals. We study the tools and techniques under the basic four types of analysis (Static Source Code (SSC), Static Binary Code (SBC), Dynamic Source Code (DSC) and Dynamic Binary Code (DBC) analysis) and briefly discuss them.
Current Status of e-Learning in Japan and Networking for Sharing Learning Objects for Quality Enhancement
Authors: Yasutaka Shimizu
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies (2007)

Recent survey result conducted by National Institute of Multimedia Education (NIME) shows that the number of undergraduate faculties and graduate schools in Japan implementing distance learning through the Internet are increasing, and in this presentation, recent status of e-Learning at higher education institutions in Japan will be shared. Under the background, the Gateway to Learning for Ability Development (NIME-glad) is introduced for providing and sharing reusable learning objects, where. NIME has tagged large amounts of educational information that is accessible over the Internet with learning object metadata (LOM), and provides this comprehensive, cross-website retrievable information by means of that gateway. The Federated Search System is also explained to make it possible to search by keyword reciprocally between the Japanese learning gateway (NIME-glad) and gateway MERLOT in the USA, LORNET in Canada, EdNA Online in Australia ARANNE in EU. As a result of developing this Federated Search System, it has become possible to search not only overseas Learning Objects by keyword, but at the same time, Japanese Learning Objects also, using the overseas gateways. In order to improve the quality of e-Learning, an attempt has been made to classify the approaches to e-Learning quality enhancement at the development stage, for support during actual operation, with respect to organizational structure and by means of evaluation. This does not mean, however, that all of these approaches have to be pursued, but rather, numerous approaches have been brought together on the understanding that universities or other institutions can select and try whatever approaches it needs to adopt.
Review: The Internet's impact on sexuality: A critical review of 15years of research
Authors: Nicola M. Döring
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2009)

The body of empirical research on Internet sexuality has grown steadily since 1993. The following paper provides an overview of the current state of research in this field in its full thematic breadth, addressing six areas of online sexuality: Pornography, sex shops, sex work, sex education, sex contacts, and sexual subcultures. Key research results are presented concerning Internet sexuality's forms of manifestation, participant groups, opportunities, and risks. This paper shows that sexually related online activities have become routine in recent years for large segments of the population in the Western world. Internet sexuality also takes somewhat different forms based on the age, gender, and sexual orientation of the individual. Academic studies to date have focused overwhelmingly on the possible negative effects of Internet sexuality. By contrast, little research has been conducted on potential benefits. Consequently, a surprising number of gaps are evident in the scholarship on Internet sexuality.
An evaluation of dynamic partial reconfiguration for signal and image processing in professional electronics applications
Authors: Philippe Manet, Daniel Maufroid, Leonardo Tosi, Gregory Gailliard, Olivier Mulertt, Marco Di Ciano, Jean-Didier Legat, Denis Aulagnier, Christian Gamrat, Raffaele Liberati, Vincenzo La Barba, Pol Cuvelier, Bertrand Rousseau, Paul Gelineau
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems (2008)

Signal and image processing applications require a lot of computing resources. For low-volume applications like in professional electronics applications, FPGA are used in combination with DSP and GPP in order to reach the performances required by the product roadmaps. Nevertheless, FPGA designs are static, which raises a flexibility issue with new complex or software defined applications like software-defined radio (SDR). In this scope, dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) is used to bring a virtualization layer upon the static hardware of FPGA. During the last decade, DPR has been widely studied in academia. Nevertheless, there are very few real applications using it, and therefore, there is a lack of feedback providing relevant issues to address in order to improve its applicability. This paper evaluates the interest and limitations when using DPR in professional electronics applications and provides guidelines to improve its applicability. It makes a fair evaluation based on experiments made on a set of signal and image processing applications. It identifies the missing elements of the design flow to use DPR in professional electronics applications. Finally, it introduces a fast reconfiguration manager providing an 84-time improvement compared to the vendor solution.
Rig retargeting for 3D animation
Authors: Martin Poirier, Eric Paquette
Venue: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009 (2009)

This paper presents a new approach to facilitate reuse and remixing in character animation. It demonstrates a method for automatically adapting existing skeletons to different characters. While the method can be applied to simple skeletons, it also proposes a new approach that is applicable to high quality animation as it is able to deal with complex skeletons that include control bones (those that drive deforming bones). Given a character mesh and a skeleton, the method adapts the skeleton to the character by matching topology graphs between the two. It proposes specific multiresolution and symmetry approaches as well as a simple yet effective shape descriptor. Together, these provide a robust retargeting that can also be tuned between the original skeleton shape and the mesh shape with intuitive weights. Furthermore, the method can be used for partial retargeting to directly attach skeleton parts to specific limbs. Finally, it is efficient as our prototype implementation generally takes less than 30 seconds to adapt a skeleton to a character.
On minimizing the number of ADMs in a general topology optical network
Authors: Michele Flammini, Mordechai Shalom, Shmuel Zaks
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2009)

Minimizing the number of electronic switches in optical networks has been a main research topic in some recent studies. In such networks, we assign colors to a given set of lightpaths, and they are partitioned into unicolor cycles and paths; the switching cost is minimized when the number of paths is minimized. Most approximation and heuristic algorithms for this problem have a preprocessing stage, in which possible cycles are found. Among them, the basic algorithm eliminates cycles of size at most l, and has a performance guarantee of OPT+12(1+@e)N, where OPT is the cost of an optimal solution, N is the number of lightpaths and 0@?@e@?1l+2, for any given odd l. The time complexity of the algorithm is exponential in l. We improve the analysis of this algorithm, by showing that @e@?132(l+2), which implies a reduction of the exponent in the time complexity. We also improve the lower bound by showing that @e>=12l+3. The results shed more light on the structure of this basic algorithm. In addition, in our analysis we suggest a novel technique-including a new combinatorial lemma-to deal with this problem.
Ensembles of Grafted Trees
Authors: Juan J. Rodríguez, Jesús M. Maudes
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy (2006)

Grafted trees are trees that are constructed using two methods. The first method creates an initial tree, while the second method is used to complete the tree. In this work, the first classifier is an unpruned tree from a 10% sample of the training data. Grafting is a method for constructing ensembles of decision trees, where each tree is a grafted tree. Grafting by itself is better than Bagging. Moreover, grafted trees can also be used with any other ensemble method. It is clearly beneficial for Bagging and Random Forests. When using grafted trees with Boosting, the results depends of the considered variant. The best overall method is Grafted Random Forest.
New Antibody Microarray Tube for Cellular Localization and Signaling Pathways, 1st edition
Authors: Lin Wang, Stefan Wlfl, Minghu Jiang
Venue:  (2009)

New Antibody Microarray Tube for Cellular Localization and Signaling Pathways describes a new integrated protein biochip system including protein localization, biocomputing and signaling pathways. In the post-genome era, proteomics study for direct analysis of a group of proteins becomes more and more important. Identification of its location often provides crucial information for understanding the function or regulation of a given protein in biological pathways. The book discusses a new microarray tube with incorporation of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein purification and biocomputing technologies, intended for setting-up signaling pathways and making new discoveries. The book is intended for researchers in the fields of medicine, biology, electronics, pharmacy, computer science and mathematics. Lin Wang is an associate professor at the Biomedical Engineering Center, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China.
Prototyping a tangible tool for design: Multimedia e-paper sticky notes
Authors: Maribeth Back, Takashi Matsumoto, Anthony Dunnigan
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2009)

Modern design embraces digital augmentation, especially in the interplay of digital media content and the physical dispersion and handling of information. Based on the observation that small paper memos with sticky backs (such as Post-Its™) are a powerful and frequently used design tool, we have created Post-Bits, a new interface device with a physical embodiment that can be handled as naturally as paper sticky notes by designers, yet add digital information affordances as well. A Post-Bit is a design prototype of a small electronic paper device for handling multimedia content, with interaction control and display in one thin flexible sheet. Tangible properties of paper such as flipping, flexing, scattering, and rubbing are mapped to controlling aspects of the multimedia content such as scrubbing, sorting, or up-or downloading dynamic media (images, video, text). In this paper we discuss both the design process involved in building a prototype of a tangible interface using new technologies, and how the use of Post-Bits as a tangible design tool can impact two common design tasks: design ideation or brainstorming, and storyboarding for interactive systems or devices.
A self-organizing feature maps and data mining based decision support system for liability authentications of traffic crashes
Authors: Pei Liu
Venue: Neurocomputing (2009)

This study develops a decision support tool for liability authentications of two-vehicle crashes based on generated self-organizing feature maps (SOM) and data mining (DM) models. Factors critical to liability attributions commonly identified theoretically and practically were first selected. Both SOM and DM models were then generated for frontal, side, and rear collisions of two-vehicle crashes. Appropriateness of all generated models was evaluated and confirmed. Finally, a decision support tool was developed using active server pages. Although with small data size, the decision support system was considered capable of giving reasonably good liability attributions and references on given cases.
Flux-based level set method on rectangular grids and computation of first arrival time functions
Authors: Peter Frolkovi&#x010d;, Christian Wehner
Venue: Computing and Visualization in Science (2009)

Flux-based level set method is a finite volume method for the numerical solution of advective level set equation which describes the transport of level lines by an external velocity field and by a speed in normal direction. The method is introduced for rectangular grids without using any dimensional splitting. The second order accurate discretization scheme is derived with one free parameter in the definition of piecewise linear reconstruction. A significant improvement of the accuracy can be obtained by special choices of this parameter for two benchmark examples of linear conservation laws. Moreover, the flux-based level set method can be used for computation of first arrival time functions in the class of problems such as &#x201c;boat sailing&#x201d; or &#x201c;fire spread&#x201d; where some external velocity field (e.g., a water or wind flow) must be considered additionally to the speed of boat or fire. Numerical experiments confirm very good performance of the method for this type of problems.
FPGA/DSP-based implementation of a high-performance multi-channel counter
Authors: F. Baronti, A. Lazzeri, R. Roncella, R. Saletti
Venue: Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal (2009)

A high-performance configurable multi-channel counter is presented. The system has been implemented on a small-size and low-cost Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) FPGA/DSP-based board, and features 64 input channels, a maximum counting rate of 45MHz, and a minimum integration window (time resolution) of 24 @ms with a 23b counting depth. In particular, the time resolution depends on both the selected counting bit-depth and the number of acquisition channels: indeed, with a 8b counting depth, the time resolution reaches the value of 8 @ms if all the 64 input channels are enabled, whereas it lowers to 378ns if only 2 channels are used. Thanks to its flexible architecture and performance, the system is suitable in highly demanding photon counting applications based on SPAD arrays, as well as in many other scientific experiments. Moreover, the collected counting results are both real-time processed and transmitted over a high-speed IEEE 1394 serial link. The same link is used to remotely set up and control the entire acquisition process, thus giving the system a even higher degree of flexibility. Finally, a theoretical model of general use which immediately provides the overall system performance is described. The model is then validated by the reported experimental results.