ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and Iterative GSC/MRC Switching Techniques Based on CRC Error Detection for AF Relaying System
Authors: Jong Sung Lee, Dong In Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part II (2009)

In cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) system using spatially distributed relays, there exist some relay paths degrading performance because of noise enhancement. In order to alleviate the deteriorating effect of such paths, we propose adaptive generalized selection combining (GSC)/MRC and iterative GSC/MRC switching techniques based on cyclic-redundancy-check (CRC) error detection. The adaptive GSC (with order N)/MRC switching with K relays operates as follows: the destination performs initial data detection by combining the strongest N ( < K + 1) paths, and CRC is checked for error detection. If an error is detected, MRC with all the K + 1 paths is then performed. To further generalize, the iterative GSC/MRC is employed in an iterative manner conditioned on successive error detection. Our simulation results show that the proposed schemes show better diversity performance than conventional one in terms of the bit-error rate (BER), when an appropriate CRC generator polynomial is used depending on the frame size. The diversity gain of the proposed schemes become far prominent when imperfect channel estimation is assumed at the destination.
Designing a Grid-Based Training Platform for Earth Observation
Authors: Silviu Panica, Marian Neagul, Dana Petcu, Teodor Stefanut, Dorian Gorgan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2008)

Grid-based platforms were recently build all overthe world to satisfy the huge needs of computational powerand storage capacities for Earth observation activities. Training activities in the field are not following these developing activities, resulting a big gap between the field request for specialists and the labor market offer. In this context, a platform for high education and training in Earth observation using the latest achievements in information technologies is a clear need at least for the scientific community. This paper presents the concepts behind a newly established Grid-based platform that offers learning objects based on hands-on experiments for Earth observation community.
Ontology-driven Heterogeneous Geographic Data Set Integration
Authors: Mengquan Wu, Zhoulong Wang, Anding Zhang, Hua Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 04 (2009)

Information integration has been an important area of research for many years, and the problem of integration of geographic data has recently emerged and is an important content of geography information science researches. The traditional spatial data integration mainly pays attention to transformation between data files’ form, the vector and the grid data, the different scale and the automatic synthesis. The flaws of these integrated methods cannot effectively integrate the semantics of the different geography space data, thus has brought the information acquisition and the information understanding gap for integrated data sharing and the use. Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization. It may effectively integrate the geography space data and its semantics, and may overcome the flaw that the traditional space data integration method is unable to overcome. This article based on the ontology theory, the method and in the applied research around domestic and foreign geography information academic presented ontology-driven geographic data set integration’s framework, and carried on the confirmation explanation by the concrete example.
On lexical resources for digitization of historical documents
Authors: Annette Gotscharek, Ulrich Reffle, Christoph Ringlstetter, Klaus U. Schulz
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering (2009)

Many European libraries are currently engaged in mass digitization projects that aim to make historical documents and corpora online available in the Internet. In this context, appropriate lexical resources play a double role. They are needed to improve OCR recognition of historical documents, which currently does not lead to satisfactory results. Second, even assuming a perfect OCR recognition, since historical language differs considerably from modern language, the matching process between queries submitted to search engines and variants of the search terms found in historical documents needs special support. While the usefulness of special dictionaries for both problems seems undisputed, concrete knowledge and experience are still missing. There are no hints about what optimal lexical resources for historical documents should look like. The real benefit reached by optimized lexical resources is unclear. Both questions are rather complex since answers depend on the point in history when documents were born. We present a series of experiments which illuminate these points. For our evaluations we collected a large corpus covering German historical documents from before 1500 to 1950 and constructed various types of dictionaries. We present the coverage reached with each dictionary for ten subperiods of time. Additional experiments illuminate the improvements for OCR accuracy and Information Retrieval that can be reached, again looking at distinct dictionaries and periods of time. For both OCR and IR, our lexical resources lead to substantial improvements.
Natural Language Processing as a Foundation of the Semantic Web
Authors: Yorick Wilks, Christopher Brewster
Venue:  (2009)

Natural Language Processing as a Foundation of the Semantic Web argues that Natural Language Processing (NLP) does, and will continue to, underlie the Semantic Web (SW), including its initial construction from unstructured sources like the World Wide Web, in several different ways, and whether its advocates realise this or not. Chiefly, it argues, such NLP activity is the only way up to a defensible notion of meaning at conceptual levels based on lower level empirical computations over usage. The claim being made is definitely not logicbad, NLP-good in any simple-minded way, but that the SW will be a fascinating interaction of these two methodologies, like the WWW (which, as the authors explain, has been a fruitful field for statistical NLP research) but with deeper content. Only NLP technologies (and chiefly information extraction) will be able to provide the requisite resource description framework (RDF) knowledge stores for the SW from existing WWW (unstructured) text databases, and in the vast quantities needed. There is no alternative at this point, since a wholly or mostly handcrafted SW is also unthinkable, as is a SW built from scratch and without reference to the WWW. It is also assumed here that, whatever the limitations on current SW representational power drawn attention to here, the SW will continue to grow in a distributed manner so as to serve the needs of scientists, even if it is not perfect. The WWW has already shown how an imperfect artefact can become indispensable. Natural Language Processing as a Foundation of the Semantic Web will appeal to researchers, practitioners and anyone with an interest in NLP, the philosophy of language, cognitive science, the Semantic Web and Web Science generally, as well as providing a magisterial and controversial overview of the history of artificial intelligence.
Milena: Write Generic Morphological Algorithms Once, Run on Many Kinds of Images
Authors: Roland Levillain, Thierry Géraud, Laurent Najman
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology and Its Application to Signal and Image Processing (2009)

We present a programming framework for discrete mathematical morphology centered on the concept of genericity. We show that formal definitions of morphological algorithms can be translated into actual code, usable on virtually any kind of compatible images, provided a general definition of the concept of image is given. This work is implemented in Milena, a generic, efficient, and user-friendly image processing library.
The Complexity of Hybrid Logics over Equivalence Relations
Authors: Martin Mundhenk, Thomas Schneider
Venue: Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2009)

This paper examines and classifies the computational complexity of model checking and satisfiability for hybrid logics over frames with equivalence relations. The considered languages contain all possible combinations of the downarrow binder, the existential binder, the satisfaction operator, and the global modality, ranging from the minimal hybrid language to very expressive languages. For model checking, we separate polynomial-time solvable from PSPACE-complete cases, and for satisfiability, we exhibit cases complete for NP, PSpace, NExpTime, and even N2ExpTime. Our analysis includes the versions of all these languages without atomic propositions, and also complete frames.
Writing systems, transliteration and decipherment
Authors: Kevin Knight, Richard Sproat
Venue: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Companion Volume: Tutorial Abstracts (2009)

Nearly all of the core data that computational linguists deal with is in the form of text, which is to say that it consists of language data written (usually) in the standard writing system for the language in question. Yet surprisingly little is generally understood about how writing systems work. This tutorial will be divided into three parts. In the first part we discuss the history of writing and introduce a wide variety of writing systems, explaining their structure and how they encode language. We end this section with a brief review of how some of the properties of writing systems are handled in modern encoding systems, such as Unicode, and some of the continued pitfalls that can occur despite the best intentions of standardization. The second section of the tutorial will focus on the problem of transcription between scripts (often termed "transliteration"), and how this problem--which is important both for machine translation and named entity recognition--has been addressed. The third section is more theoretical and, at the same time we hope, more fun. We will discuss the problem of decipherment and how computational methods might be brought to bear on the problem of unlocking the mysteries of as yet undeciphered ancient scripts. We start with a brief review of three famous cases of decipherment. We then discuss how techniques that have been used in speech recognition and machine translation might be applied to the problem of decipherment. We end with a survey of the as-yet undeciphered ancient scripts and give some sense of the prospects of deciphering them given currently available data.
Oxygen Availability and Self Renewal of Stem Cells
Authors: Zoran Ivanovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life (2009)

The relationship between stem cells and micro-environmental/culture oxygenation has been reviewed. The basic principle of stem cell biology, “the generation-age hypothesis”, and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells are considered in the context of the oxygen-dependent evolution of life and its transposition to ontogenesis and development. A hypothesis relating the self-renewal with the anaerobic and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells and the actual O2 availability is elaborated (“oxygen stem cell paradigm”). The revision of our knowledge on cell/cytokine physiology, which has been acquired ex-vivo at non physiological atmospheric (20-21%) O2 concentrations representing a hyperoxic state for most primate cells, has thus become imperious for an adequate approach to cell engineering.
An Implementation of Belief Change Operations Based on Probabilistic Conditional Logic
Authors: Marc Finthammer, Christoph Beierle, Benjamin Berger, Gabriele Kern-Isberner
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (2009)

Probabilistic conditionals are a powerful means for expressing uncertain knowledge. In this paper, we describe a system implemented in Java performing probabilistic reasoning at optimum entropy. It provides nonmonotonic belief change operations like revision and update and supports advanced querying facilities including diagnosis and what-if-analysis.
Fast Subgroup Discovery for Continuous Target Concepts
Authors: Martin Atzmueller, Florian Lemmerich
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems (2009)

Subgroup discovery is a flexible data mining method for a broad range of applications. It considers a given property of interest (target concept), and aims to discover interesting subgroups with respect to this concept. In this paper, we especially focus on the handling of continuous target variables and describe an approach for fast and efficient subgroup discovery for such target concepts. We propose novel formalizations of effective pruning strategies for reducing the search space, and we present the SD-Map* algorithm that enables fast subgroup discovery for continuous target concepts. The approach is evaluated using real-world data from the industrial domain.
Cryogenic etching of n-type silicon with p+ doped walls with the TGZM process through the Al/Si eutectic alloy
Authors: E. H. Oubensaid, C. Y. Duluard, L. E. Pichon, B. Morillon, M. Boufnichel, P. Lefaucheux, R. Dussart, P. Ranson
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2009)

The dry etching of n-type silicon with p^+ doped walls was studied with the cryogenic etching directly after the thermomigration process. The selectivity between n-type silicon and p^+ doped silicon was first considered in SF"6/O"2 plasma. No selectivity was observed between these two zones. Thereafter, the capacity of the Al/Si eutectic alloy covered with a thin film of Al"2O"3 to play the role of hard mask for the etching was confirmed, always in the case of SF"6/O"2 plasma. Finally, the etching of 50@mm deep trenches through the Al/Si alloy was performed using three different types of process.
Translating Subjective Data to Objective Measures to Drive Product Design and Experience
Authors: Erin K. Walline, Bradley Lawrence
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

To successfully drive best-in-class human factors into product design, it is sometimes necessary to adopt more non-traditional experimental methods and reporting techniques. Within the PC industry, a traditional usability study is usually comprised of running eight to twelve participants through a set of tasks in a two-hour time period, collecting and reporting ease-of-use, success rate, time-on-task, and preference data. This traditional method is great at identifying potential usability pitfalls, but not necessarily equipped to focus on a product's visual appeal or quality perception. Two case studies are described that introduce non-traditional methods which: (1) focus on the perceived quality of specific product designs; (2) relate subjective data to concrete mechanical terms such that engineers have clear direction on how to build the products; and (3) report findings in a concise, graphical manner that is easily and quickly understood by executives and colleague functions lacking a human factors background.
Research Summary
Authors: Jianmin Ji
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Logic Programming (2009)

Service robot is one of the most promising directions of Robotics and full of challenges. Most of current work in Robotics concentrate on low-level functions, while in AI there are notable achievements on high-level functions. It would be interesting to integrate state of the art AI (particularly, KR) techniques and test if they are sufficient for developing a "good enough" service robot. New challenges will be identified and attacked on the basis of this investigation.
Fusions of description logics and abstract description systems
Authors: Franz Baader, Carsten Lutz, Holger Sturm, Frank Wolter
Venue: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (2002)

Fusions are a simple way of combining logics. For normal modal logics, fusions have been investigated in detail. In particular, it is known that, under certain conditions, decidability transfers from the component logics to their fusion. Though description logics are closely related to modal logics, they are not necessarily normal. In addition, ABox reasoning in description logics is not covered by the results from modal logics. In this paper, we extend the decidability transfer results from normal modal logics to a large class of description logics. To cover different description logics in a uniform way, we introduce abstract description systems, which can be seen as a common generalization of description and modal logics, and show the transfer results in this general setting.
Semidefinite Programming for Wireless Sensor Localization with Lognormal Shadowing
Authors: Abdullah H. Al-Dhalaan, Ioannis Lambadaris
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (2009)

The problem of estimating the positions of the sensors in a wireless sensor network is commonly known as the wireless sensor localization problem and has been formulated as a relaxed semidefinite programming problem assuming inter-sensor distance measures corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. In this paper, we assume received signal strength measurements under a lognormal shadowing pathloss model and formulate the corresponding non-convex maximum likelihood distance estimator. We apply two different approximations of the objective, a Taylor approximation and a minimax approximation, and then relax the problem to a semidefinite program. The performance of the two approximations is analyzed and compared to the Cramer-Rao bound. Finally, we show that the localization performance is not appreciably reduced when the pathloss parameter is unknown.
Advice from Belnap Policies
Authors: Chris Hankin, Flemming Nielson, Hanne Riis Nielson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 22nd IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (2009)

Coordination languages for mobile, distributed systems constitute a good basis for the use of aspect-oriented features for providing a clear separation between the functionality and the security policies of programs. Allowing for a distributed definition of aspects, that jointly define a security policy, provide for a number of challenges regarding how to deal with conflicts and how to demonstrate that an overall security policy is met. We adapt recent work on policy composition using Belnap Logic to provide a uniform treatment of conflicts. We further define a modal logic to allow reasoning about the overall security policy. Throughout, we illustrate the developments by examples drawn from health service policies.
Professional Refactoring in C# & ASP.NET
Authors: Danijel Arsenovski
Venue:  (2009)

Refactoring is an effective way to quickly uncover problematic code and fix it. In this first book to provide a hands-on approach to refactoring in C# and ASP.NET, you'll discover to apply refactoring techniques to manage and modify your code. Plus, you'll learn how to build a prototype application from scratch and discover how to refactor the prototype into a properly designed, enterprise-level application. With the help of step-by-step directions, you'll gain a better understanding of different code issues and refactoring transformations. Many of these transformations are developed from real-world scenarios that are the result of key business decisions. In addition, you'll find formal definitions of refactoring techniques that you'll be able to refer to while on the job. This book covers the refactoring techniques that will enable you to become more efficient and productive. You'll be able to use this information to respond to change and improve the design of existing code. What you will learn from this book How to assemble your own refactoring toolkit Techniques for performing unit testing Tips on refactoring to patterns How to use refactoring to upgrade legacy C# and ASP.NET code Ways to take advantage of the method extraction to eliminate duplicated code How to make code simpler, easier to modify, and more understandable All about object oriented theory and design patterns Methods for using LINQ and other C# 3.0 enhancements Who this book is for This book is for C# and ASP.NET developers who want to learn how to effectively manage and modify their code with refactoring tools and features. Wrox Professional guides are planned and written by working programmers to meet the real-world needs of programmers, developers, and IT professionals. Focused and relevant, they address the issues technology professionals face every day. They provide examples, practical solutions, and expert education in new technologies, all designed to help programmers do a better job. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Creation and maintenance of multi-structured documents
Authors: Pierre-Édouard Portier, Sylvie Calabretto
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering (2009)

In this article, we introduce a new problem: the construction of multi-structured documents. We first offer an overview of existing solutions to the representation of such documents. We then notice that none of them consider the problem of their construction. In this context, we use our experience with philosophers who are building a digital edition of the work of Jean-Toussaint Desanti, in order to present a methodology for the construction of multi-structured documents. This methodology is based on the MSDM model in order to represent such documents. Moreover each step of the methodology has been implemented in the Haskell functional programming language.
An Instruction Method for Displaying Trajectory of an Object in Remote Collaborative MR on the Basis of Changes in Relative Coordinates
Authors: Yuta Okajima, Shun Yamamoto, Yuichi Bannai, Kenichi Okada
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2009)

We aim at developing a remote collaborative Mixed Reality(MR) system targeting the interaction between instructors and workers. In this system, both instructors and workers have their own real objects, and the instructor shows the worker how to operate the object by moving his own real object. Since the movement of the instructor's object is displayed as a CG image of the trajectory overlapping the worker's object in each operation, the worker can easily see the changes in the position of the instructor's object and trace the movement along the trajectory. We created this model using the object coordinates instead of the world coordinates in order to be able to ignore the changes in the position of the users and other objects in the world coordinates. We implemented a prototype and used it to conduct validation experiments. The results indicated that worker operation time is shorter in the proposed model in comparison to conventional models, where each user's orientation towards the object is different.