ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Phantom Studies of Contrast-Enhanced Dual Energy Mammography (CEDEM)
Authors: Shih-Ying Huang, John M. Boone, Dandan Zheng, Kai Yang, Nathan J. Packard, George Burkett,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Digital Mammography (2008)

Contrast-enhanced dual energy mammography (CEDEM) has been shown effective in enhancing the visibility of breast cancer in diagnostic mammographic images. The simulation and phantom studies of CEDEM were implemented to enhance acquisition techniques of a dedicated cone-beam breast CT scanner fabricated in our laboratory. CEDEM images were computer-simulated numerically, and the results were compared and validated with physical experiments using a custom-made breast-equivalent phantom with pseudo anatomical structures. The technique factors to be optimized included low- and high-energy x-ray spectra (kVp), spectra filters and mAs (x-ray tube current × scan time in second). Signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) of the log-weighted subtracted image was computed to optimize subtraction parameters using several combinations of breast compositions and thicknesses. Both simulation and phantom studies suggest that 40 kVp (filtered with 1.5 mm Al) and 50 kVp (filtered with 1.5 mm Al and 0.3 mm Cu) were the optimal spectra with the highest SDNR on the dual energy subtracted image of a 6-cm, 50% glandular breast. Breast composition and thickness were found to have little influence on the optimized technique factors. We conclude that the simulation and phantom studies demonstrated the effectiveness of CEDEM using the prototype breast CT scanner in producing high-quality, lesion-enhanced images.
Network Level Privacy for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, Hassan Jameel, Brian J. d'Auriol, Sungyoung Lee, Young-Jae Song, Heejo Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 The Fourth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (2008)

Full network level privacy spectrum comprises of identity, route, location and data privacy. Existing privacy schemes of wireless sensor networks only provide partial network level privacy. Providing full network level privacy is a critical and challenging problem due to the constraints imposed by the sensor nodes, sensor networks and QoS issues. In this paper, we propose full network level privacy solution that addresses this problem. This solution comprises of Identity, Route and Location (IRL) privacy algorithm and data privacy mechanism, that collectively provides protection against privacy disclosure attacks such as eavesdropping and hop-by-hop trace back attacks.
Optimizing the Performance of Probabilistic Neural Networks Using PSO in the Task of Traffic Sign Recognition
Authors: Lunbo Li, Guangfu Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (2008)

This paper presents a fast version of probabilistic neural network model for the recognition of traffic signs. The model incorporates the J-means algorithm to select the pattern layer centers and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize the spread parameter, enhancing its performance. In order to cope with the degradations, the Combined Blur-Affine Invariants (CBAIs) are adopted to extract the features of traffic sign symbols without any restorations which usually need a great amount of computations. The experimental results indicate that the fast version of PNN optimized using PSO is not only parsimonious but also has better generalization performance.
Infrastructure for dynamic knowledge integration-Automated biomedical ontology extension using textual resources
Authors: Vít Nováček, Loredana Laera, Siegfried Handschuh, Brian Davis
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2008)

We present a novel ontology integration technique that explicitly takes the dynamics and data-intensiveness of e-health and biomedicine application domains into account. Changing and growing knowledge, possibly contained in unstructured natural language resources, is handled by application of cutting-edge Semantic Web technologies. In particular, semi-automatic integration of ontology learning results into a manually developed ontology is employed. This integration bases on automatic negotiation of agreed alignments, inconsistency resolution and natural language generation methods. Their novel combination alleviates the end-user effort in the incorporation of new knowledge to large extent. This allows for efficient application in many practical use cases, as we show in the paper.
Scientific manpower problems
Authors: Lee A. DuBridge
Venue: Proceedings of the February 4-6, 1953, western computer conference (1953)

There has been a great deal of discussion during recent years of the problems arising from the shortage of scientists and engineers. This is a serious problem but unfortunately it is also a complex one. Hence there is confusion, both as to the facts and as to the remedies. It is desirable, therefore, to be clear about what factors are affecting the demand for scientists and engineers; what factors are influencing the supply; which of these various factors are long- and which are short-term in nature and finally which remedies should be considered for the short-term or the long-term problem. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Efficient String Mining under Constraints Via the Deferred Frequency Index
Authors: David Weese, Marcel H. Schulz
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th industrial conference on Advances in Data Mining: Medical Applications, E-Commerce, Marketing, and Theoretical Aspects (2008)

We propose a general approach for frequency based string mining, which has many applications, e.g. in contrast data mining. Our contribution is a novel algorithm based on a deferred data structure. Despite its simplicity, our approach is up to 4 times faster and uses about half the memory compared to the best-known algorithm of Fischer et al. Applications in various string domains, e.g. natural language, DNA or protein sequences, demonstrate the improvement of our algorithm.
An instant messenger system for learner analysis in e-learning environment
Authors: HwaMin Lee, Doosoon Park, Min Hong
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGITE conference on Information technology education (2008)

In this paper, we present the idea of using an instant messenger system to collect and analysis information of learner in e-learning environment. For learner behavior analysis, we store data about the learner's actions in log files by information gathering agent and perform basic analysis, process analysis and synthesis analysis by information analysis agent. Our instant messenger system can provide personalized feedback to learners about the quantity of quality of their learning.
Service Load Balancing with Autonomic Servers: Reversing the Decision Making Process
Authors: Remi Badonnel, Mark Burgess
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security: Resilient Networks and Services (2008)

Load balancing faces new challenges in the framework of autonomic servers deployed in data centers. With traditional push-based strategies, the authoritative decision is made by the load balancer, which decides to which server the requests are forwarded. However, the autonomy of servers is often incompatible with these strategies, as they may accept or refuse to process a request on a voluntary basis. We present in this paper the benefits and limits of a pull-based load balancing strategy for transferring the authority from the load balancer to the autonomic servers. We describe the underlying functional architecture with two different schemes and quantify the performances through an extensive set of experiments.
Holonic Multiagent-Based System for Distributed Control of Semi-industrial Pilot Plants
Authors: Mieczyslaw Metzger, Grzegorz Polaków
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems: Holonic and Multi-Agent Systems for Manufacturing (2007)

Semi-industrial pilot plants are the best experimental domain for advanced control systems testing with the real-world instrumentation. At the same time, inexpensive flexible process real-time simulators and virtual soft controllers are indispensable in the research and education field. Integrating control instrumentation of varying manufacturers, plant simulators, and virtual controllers into uniform system capable of flexible research and educational experiments is a complex problem to solve. A tool is needed to describe and organise knowledge on such integrated structure involving many communication channels and using distributed processing power. In the presented case-study, holarchy paradigm is applied, resulting in an untypical holonic multiagent system. The concept, architecture and development of application framework for the system are presented thoroughly in the paper.
Particle Swarms for Competency-Based Curriculum Sequencing
Authors: Luis De-Marcos, José-Javier Martínez, José-Antonio Gutiérrez
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st world summit on The Knowledge Society: Emerging Technologies and Information Systems for the Knowledge Society (2008)

In e-learning initiatives content creators are usually required to arrange a set of learning resources in order to present them in a comprehensive way to the learner. Course materials are usually divided into reusable chunks called Learning Objects (LOs) and the ordered set of LOs is called sequence, so the process is called LO sequencing. In this paper an intelligent agent that performs the LO sequencing process is presented. Metadata and competencies are used to define relations between LOs so that the sequencing problem can be characterized as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) and artificial intelligent techniques can be used to solve it. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) agent is proposed, built, tuned and tested. Results show that the agent succeeds in solving the problem and that it handles reasonably combinatorial explosion inherent to this kind of problems.
On distance between fuzzy variables
Authors: Xiang Li, Baoding Liu
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology (2008)

Distance between fuzzy variables has been defined in many ways, for example, Hausdorff-like distance and Hamming distance. This paper discusses the properties of a new distance between fuzzy variables defined by expected value operator. Furthermore, a metric space of fuzzy variables is defined and the completeness of this space is proved. Finally, the distances between fuzzy vectors, fuzzy random vectors, and random fuzzy vectors are given.
Flattery may get computers somewhere, sometimes: The moderating role of output modality, computer gender, and user gender
Authors: Eun-Ju Lee
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2008)

This experiment extended the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm by examining how output modality (text plus cartoon character vs. synthetic speech), computer gender (male vs. female), and user gender (male vs. female) moderate the ways in which people respond to computers that flatter. Specifically, participants played a trivia game with a computer, which they knew might provide incorrect answers. Participants in the generic-comment condition received strictly factual feedback, whereas those in the flattery condition were given additional remarks praising their performance. Consistent with Fogg and Nass [1997. Silicon sycophants: the effects of computers that flatter. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 46, 551-561] study, flattery led to more positive overall impressions and performance evaluations of the computer, but such effects were found only in the text plus character condition and among women. In addition, flattery increased participants' suspicion about the validity of the computer's feedback and lowered conformity to the computer's suggestions. Participants conformed more to the male than female computers when computer gender was manifested in gendered cartoon characters in the text condition, with no corresponding effects in the speech condition. Results suggest that synthetic speech output might suppress social responses to computers, such as flattery effects and gender stereotyping.
A power-aware middleware for mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Guilhem Paroux, lsabelle Demeure, Laurent Reynaud
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on New technologies in distributed systems (2008)

Energy management constitutes a crucial issue for battery-powered mobiles devices, such as Pocket PCs. This article presents a power-aware middleware for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANets). The energy management mechanisms were integrated in the middleware during its design. Each middleware's functionality (communication, discovery, security and data sharing) is adaptable to the energy level. When the energy level decreases, the middleware services are progressively degraded in order to decrease the energy consumption. The management of adaptations is guided by a policy that defines battery level thresholds at which the adaptations are triggered. In addition, applications using middleware are also designed to adapt their behaviour according to the energy level. The first evaluations are encouraging: the energy consumption is significantly decreased.
Smart Sequence Similarity Search(S4) System
Authors: Zhuo Chen, Arturo Concepcion, Anthony Metcalf, Arokiya Joseph, Laurence Bohannan
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Fuzzy Logic and Applications: Applications of Fuzzy Sets Theory (2007)

Sequence similarity searching is commonly used to help clarify the biochemical and physiological features of newly discovered genes or proteins. An efficient similarity search relies on the choice of tools and their associated subprograms and numerous parameter settings. This could be very challenging for similarity search users, especially those at the beginner level. To assist researchers in selecting optimal search programs and parameter settings for efficient sequence similarity searches, we have developed a Web-based expert system, Smart Sequence Similarity Search (S4). The system is implemented in Java and Jess scripts, and uses the Jess Expert System as its reasoning core. The expert knowledge provided for a sequence similarity search is represented in the form of decision tree and stored in a XML file. The system also provides interfaces for expert users to improve this knowledge by extending the decision tree. With its capability to continuously improve sequence similarity searches through a decision tree, the Web-based expert system provides a solid advising tool for researchers interested in efficient sequence similarity searches.
Forgetting Reinforced Cases
Authors: Houcine Romdhane, Luc Lamontagne
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Advances in Case-Based Reasoning (2008)

To meet time constraints, a CBR system must control the time spent searching in the case base for a solution. In this paper, we presents the results of a case study comparing the proficiency of some criteria for forgetting cases, hence bounding the number of cases to be explored during retrieval. The criteria being considered are case usage, case value and case density. As we make use of a sequential game for our experiments, case values are obtained through training using reinforcement learning. Our results indicate that case usage is the most favorable criteria for selecting the cases to be forgotten prior to retrieval. We also have some indications that a mixture of case usage and case value can provide some improvements. However compaction of a case base using case density reveals less performing for our application.
Long-Time Effect from Deprived Communication, Information and Orientation/Mobility in Individuals with Acquired Dual Impairment and the Need for ICT-Aids
Authors: Michael Cyrus, Frank Lunde
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (2008)

Long-term deprivation in combination with aging, changes in civil state and development of diseases in addition to the actual dual impairment of communication and organization of information might lead to symptoms of cognitive impairment thus in the worst case leading to early institutionalization. In contrast to individuals with TBI, stroke sequels and similar structural damage, these symptoms generated by persons with dual sensory impairment, may be eased by supporting their cognitive potential and may bring back non-used or lost capabilities. ICT-based technical aids may provide access to communication, minimize distress and fear, as well as provide information to meet everyday life's challenges. The issue of ICT under the above mentioned conditions is little discussed. This paper may be an initiative to this discussion.
Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems: Constructs for Expressing Them, Methods of Validating Them
Authors: B. Dasarathy
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1985)

This paper examines timing constraints as features of realtime systems. It investigates the various constructs required in requirements languages to express timing constraints and considers how automatic test systems can validate systems that include timing constraints. Specifically, features needed in test languages to validate timing constraints are discussed. One of the distinguishing aspects of three tools developed at GTE Laboratories for real-time systems specification and testing is in their extensive ability to handle timing constraints. Thus, the paper highlights the timing constraint features of these tools.
Ontology-Based Approach for Semi-automatic Generation of Subcategorization Frames for Spanish Verbs
Authors: Rodolfo A. Pazos R, José A. Martínez F, Javier González B, María Lucila Morales-Rodríguez, Gladis M. Galiana B, Alberto Castro H.
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems (2008)

This work deals with the semi-automatic generation of subcategorization frames (SCFs) of Spanish verbs; specifically, given a set of verbs in Spanish and their respective sense, their SCFs are obtained. The acquisition of SCFs in Spanish has been approached in different works: in some the frames are generated manually, while in others they are obtained semi-automatically from a tagged corpus; unfortunately in this case, the results depend on the characteristics of the texts used. The method proposed in this document combines an ontology-based approach (through lexical relations of verbs) and linguistic knowledge (functional class of verbs). The relations among base verbs and other verbs were obtained from the Spanish WordNet ontology, which contains lexical relations among words. Also, the existing relation between the SCF and the functional class of verbs was used to generate the SCFs. In order to evaluate the method the SCFs for 44 base verbs were generated manually, from which 239 SCFs were semi-automatically generated and validated, yielding an accuracy of 89.38%.
The power of two, speed of light, force and energy and the universal gas constant
Authors: Charles A. Long, Siavash H. Sohrab
Venue: Proceedings of the American Conference on Applied Mathematics (2008)

The application of c2 in relation to mass and energy had an interesting history. The Pythagorean theorem is involved. Even in basic Newtonian physics the studies of retarded speed (in collisions) suggest multiplication of sums. When p = mv, and v = c, the term m c2 appears, which was one relation of momentum written by Poincaré. He also related mass and the speed of light to a complementary electromagnetic force. De Pretto had already proposed energy equal to the product of mass and the speed of light squared. His was precisely the famous equation. He applied it hypothetically into supposed material ether. He certainly considered mass as comprised of a great amount of latent heat, and mentioned how small the particles of ethereal matter must be to have escaped notice. He implied matter was miniscule in relation to its latent energy. Einstein also recognized the compact and enormous energy in mass, eventually writing out the famous equation thereby establishing its popularity. By algebraic manipulations of sums and products, even common denominators, the square of light speed c became commonplace in physics, never related to the Euclidian concept, although it could be and could have been. A possible way that De Pretto could have arrived at his number 8338 is suggested and his number is identified as the modified universal gas constant R = 8338 Joules/(kgmol-K).
Applying MDA and universal data models for data warehouse modeling
Authors: Maris Klimavicius, Uldis Sukovskis
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on Automatic Control, Modelling & Simulation (2008)

Business process monitoring provides an invaluable means of an enterprise to adapt to changing conditions. Data warehouse stores the process data which is foundation for business process monitoring applications. Development of such applications by using traditional methods is challenging because of the complexity of integrating business processes and existing information systems. Different modeling approaches have been proposed to overcome every design pitfall of the development of data warehouse systems. On the other hand, model driven architecture is an approach to develop applications from domain-specific models to platform-sensitive models - that bridges the gap between business processes and information technology. Model driven architecture is a standard framework for software development that addresses the complete life cycle of designing, deploying, integrating, and managing applications by using models in software development. Authors propose to use model driven approach for data warehouse development. Also the concept of universal data models was introduced in order to ease data warehouse development by providing standard data objects. This paper introduces the overall concept of applying model driven architecture and universal data models to development process of data warehouse.
TCP/IP suite significant enhancement for 4G mobile multimedia internet networks
Authors: Abdullah Gani, Xichun Li, Lina Yang, Omar Zakaria
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Multimedia systems and signal processing (2008)

The 4th Generation (4G) wireless mobile internet networks will be combined through current existing cellular networks (i.e., CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD_SCDMA) and Wi-Fi (i.e., Wireless LAN) networks with fixed internet to support wireless mobile internet as the same quality of service as fixed internet. Each of the networks has own specified protocols, disparity frequency, and maximum data speed and cost characteristics. TCP/IP suite protocols are succeeding in web application of fixed internet, but limited working on the combined networks. Two research directions are available, which are replacement and improvement. Microsoft has issued new protocol suite for replacement. In this paper, we propose a new protocol to improve TCP/IP suite protocols. This new protocol addresses limitation of TCP/IP suite so that it can work on both cellular network and Wi-Fi network simultaneously; sending data requests through cellular network and getting reply from Wi-Fi network. Ns2 Java version (Java Network Simulator) was chosen to simulate the new protocol because of its feasibility. In this paper, we present the results of our simulation.