ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Fast and loose reasoning is morally correct
Authors: Nils Anders Danielsson, John Hughes, Patrik Jansson, Jeremy Gibbons
Venue: Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2006)

Functional programmers often reason about programs as if they were written in a total language, expecting the results to carry over to non-total (partial) languages. We justify such reasoning.Two languages are defined, one total and one partial, with identical syntax. The semantics of the partial language includes partial and infinite values, and all types are lifted, including the function spaces. A partial equivalence relation (PER) is then defined, the domain of which is the total subset of the partial language. For types not containing function spaces the PER relates equal values, and functions are related if they map related values to related values.It is proved that if two closed terms have the same semantics in the total language, then they have related semantics in the partial language. It is also shown that the PER gives rise to a bicartesian closed category which can be used to reason about values in the domain of the relation.
On Maintaining Multimedia Session's Quality in CDMA Cellular Networks Using a Rate Adaptive Framework
Authors: Ehab S. Elmallah, Mrinal Mandal
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (2005)

In [4] the authors have developed call admission control and adaptive bandwidth allocation schemes for serving multimedia connections in cellular wireless networks with fixed cell capacity. The architecture considers an adaptive networking framework where the bandwidth of multimedia calls can be dynamically adjusted, and the proposed admission method works by enforcing an upper bound on the cell overload probability. In this paper we consider a similar adaptive framework, and devise call admission control and bandwidth allocation strategies to serve multimedia connections in a CDMA-based 3G cellular network. The architecture aims at maintaining the session's quality during both intra-cell and inter-cell user movements by limiting the cell overload probability. A novel aspect of our work is a method for exploiting a priori knowledge of user mobility patterns to estimate the cell overload probability after some prescribed prediction interval. Important properties of the devised method are proved analytically. Compared to a non-predictive admission control scheme, the obtained results show that the proposed scheme achieves a lower forced termination probability, and higher throughput while consuming less base station transmission energy.
Challenges in Software Evolution
Authors: Tom Mens, Michel Wermelinger, Stéphane Ducasse, Serge Demeyer, Robert Hirschfeld, Mehdi Jazayeri
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2005)

Today's information technology society increasingly relies on software at all levels. Nevertheless, software quality generally continues to fall short of expectations, and software systems continue to suffer from symptoms of aging as they are adapted to changing requirements and environments. The only way to overcome or avoid the negative effects of software aging is by placing change and evolution in the center of the software development process. In this article we describe what we believe to be some of the most important research challenges in software evolution. The goal of this document is to provide novel research directions in the software evolution domain.
6th annual simulation symposium: abstract of papers
Authors: Orlino C. Baldonado
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1973)

This paper uses the computer simulation studies of bulk mail flow through the New York Bulk Mail Center. The model was used primarily to assess the sack and parcel processing capacity of the Bulk Mail Center and to predict how the system will perform under various mail volumes and equipment malfunction conditions. The model provides a tool to be used for controlling resources. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Descriptor vector redesign by neuro-fuzzy analysis
Authors: J. Paetz
Venue: Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications (2006)

Virtual screening is an important challenge for bioinformaticians and molecular biologists. Finding the most active ligands that bind to target molecules by intelligent methods reduces the computational efforts in the drug discovery process dramatically. Recently, we proposed a neuro-fuzzy based approach to virtual screening by generating interval rules, each one with a class assignment for enriched regions of active ligands. The underlying input data is based on so called descriptor vector calculations. Descriptors are designed by experts, and they represent properties of the molecules. It is not assumed that all descriptors in a usually high dimensional descriptor vector are needed for classification. We demonstrate the usefulness of a neuro-fuzzy system for rule-based classification and feature selection. On the one hand the classification results can be used for efficient virtual screening, and on the other hand the rules can be used by experts for the ongoing drug design process. By feature analysis of the rules descriptor vectors can be redesigned. In the future more tools are needed that are capable not only of achieving several analysis results but giving also rule-based hints to the experts of how to plan their further research activities.
Novel fabrication process to realize ultra-thin (EOT = 0.7 nm) and ultra-low-leakage SiON gate dielectrics
Authors: D. Matsushita, K. Muraoka, K. Kato, Y. Nakasaki, S. Inumiya, K. Eguchi, M. Takayanagi
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

We have investigated the reaction mechanism of the nitridation process based on first principles calculations and experimental results. We found that oxidation-resistant Si3N4 film can be formed by uniformly arranging 3-fold coordinated N atoms into Si sub-surface layer, and we successfully incorporated O atoms into the SiN/Si interface with minimum disruption of SiN structures. We have realized a high-quality ultra-thin gate SiON film with an equivalent oxide thickness of 0.7 nm and a leakage current of 95 A/cm2, 1/10 or less than that of traditional SiON films. Mobility is not reduced to less than 89% of an ideal SiO2 film.
Educational technology, challenges and possibilities: a critical look at students' computer use in high school
Authors: James Benjamin Tekyi-Annan
Venue:  (2005)

This study explores the extent to which high school students are using the computers in their classrooms for educational purposes. Specifically, it examined how much of their study time is spent on the Internet both at home and in school for non-school activities; the difference, if any, in terms of how students of different grades use computers in high school; who gets access to which computer; what determines how some groups of students are assigned a particular type of computer, what role race, gender and class play in computer use in the high school; and how educators can use the Internet for instruction to prevent misuse of class time. Data for this action research was obtained through interviews, participant observation and document analyses. A total of 33 informants, randomly selected, provided data for the study. In the sample were 30 students, 10 ninth and 20 tenth graders from a high school in inner city Toronto, Canada as well as the principal of the institution and two staff members. The findings suggest that there are more students than computers in the courses, and that as many females as males have their own home computers. Students spend, on average, five hours a day on their home computers for both academic and non-academic pursuits, and between 60% and 70% of that time is for non-academic purposes. About 35% of students' in-class time is used to make unauthorized use of school computers without regard to the school's Acceptable Use Policy (AUP). Students use their computers to pass time and to cure boredom, by seeking information, playing games and receiving and sending e-mail. Females play as many games as their male counterparts. There is a greater degree of sophistication in the games played by tenth graders than ninth graders. Home computers help females build confidence and develop enthusiasm for computer-related programs at the junior levels in high school. Females are making inroads into domains previously considered male territories. Inadequate and insufficient computers hurt females and students from low-income backgrounds. Unauthorized use of computers creates ethical and legal issues. Implications for practice, curriculum and society are discussed.
Bridging the language gap in scientific computing: the Chasm approach
Authors: C. E. Rasmussen, M. J. Sottile, S. S. Shende, A. D. Malony
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2006)

Chasm is a toolkit providing seamless language interoperability between Fortran 95 and C++. Language interoperability is important to scientific programmers because scientific applications are predominantly written in Fortran, while software tools are mostly written in C++. Two design features differentiate Chasm from other related tools. First, we avoid the common-denominator type systems and programming models found in most Interface Definition Language (IDL)-based interoperability systems. Chasm uses the intermediate representation generated by a compiler front-end for each supported language as its source of interface information instead of an IDL. Second, bridging code is generated for each pairwise language binding, removing the need for a common intermediate data representation and multiple levels of indirection between the caller and callee. These features make Chasm a simple system that performs well, requires minimal user intervention and, in most instances, bridging code generation can be performed automatically. Chasm is also easily extensible and highly portable. Copyright &copy; 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software security assurance tools, techniques and metrics (SSATTM)
Authors: Paul E. Black, Michael Kass
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

The purpose of the workshop is to convene researchers, developers, and government and industrial users of software security assurance (SSA) tools to refine the taxonomy of flaws and the taxonomy of SSA tool functions, converge on which SSA functions should first have specifications and tests developed, gather SSA tool developers for "target practice" on the reference datasets, and identify gaps or requirements for research in SSA functions. There are contributions describing basic research, novel applications, and experience relevant to SSA tools and their evaluation. The reference datasets are code with known flaws and vulnerabilities, with corresponding correct versions, to be used as references for tool testing, to make research easier, and to be a standard of evaluation. Tools ranging from commercial products to university projects "shoot holes" in the datasets to suggest extensions, improvements, etc. This is a U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology SAMATE (http://samate.nist.gov/) workshop.
Document Image Dewarping using Robust Estimation of Curled Text Lines
Authors: Adrian Ulges, Christoph H. Lampert, Thomas M. Breuel
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Digital cameras have become almost ubiquitous and their use for fast and casual capturing of natural images is unchallenged. For making images of documents, however, they have not caught up to flatbed scanners yet, mainly because camera images tend to suffer from distortion due to the perspective and are therefore limited in their further use for archival or OCR. For images of non-planar paper surfaces like books, page curl causes additional distortion, which poses an even greater problem due to its nonlinearity. This paper presents a new algorithm for removing both perspective and page curl distortion. It requires only a single camera image as input and relies on a priori layout information instead of additional hardware. Therefore, it is much more user friendly than most previous approaches, and allows for flexible ad hoc document capture. Results are presented showing that the algorithm produces visually pleasing output and increases OCR accuracy, thus having the potential to become a general purpose preprocessing tool for camera based document capture.
A MAP/Γ/1/r System with a Large Service Time Variation Coefficient
Authors: P. P. Bocharov
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2005)

A single-server queueing system with bounded buffer, Poisson flow, and gamma service time distribution is studied. Limiting values of certain performance indexes for unboundedly increasing service time variation coefficient are determined and approximate formulas for the performance characteristics of the system for large variation coefficients are derived.
A Graph-Ranking Algorithm for Geo-Referencing Documents
Authors: Bruno Martins, Mario J. Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2005)

This paper presents an application of PageRank for assigning documents with a corresponding geographical scope. We describe the technique in detail, together with its theoretical formulation. Experimental results are promising, comparing favorably with previous proposals.
Organum: individual presence through collaborative play
Authors: Greg Niemeyer, Dan Perkel, Ryan Shaw, Jane McGonigal
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Organum Playtest is an interactive installation in which three players collaboratively navigate through a model of the human voice box, using their voices as a joystick. By asking players to solve collaborative maze puzzles through cross-functional control, voice interaction and non-verbal communication, Organum Playtest generates novel relationships between individuals, groups and audiences. The game shows how individuals can interact with abstract data forms collectively and perform distinctly on several layers of interaction. The researchers refer to this process as polyvalent performance. Players perform as individuals interacting with graphics, as individuals interacting with a group, and as a group interacting with an audience, thus achieving a "tangible sense of beneficial (...) collaboration" [6].
Personalized E-commerce Recommendations
Authors: Penelope Markellou, Ioanna Mousourouli, Spiros Sirmakessis, Athanasios Tsakalidis
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Recommendation systems are special personalization tools that help users to find interesting information and services in complex online shops. Even though today's e-commerce environments have drastically evolved and now incorporate techniques from other domains and application areas such as web mining, semantics, artificial intelligence, user modeling and profiling, etc. setting up a successful recommendation system is not a trivial or straightforward task. This paper argues that by monitoring, analyzing and understanding the behavior of customers, their demographics, opinions, preferences and history, as well as taking into consideration the specific e-shop ontology and by applying web mining techniques, the effectiveness of produced recommendations can be significantly improved. In this way, the e-shop may upgrade users' interaction, increase its usability, convert users to buyers, retain current customers and establish longterm and loyal one-to-one relationships.
Minimum Spanning Trees and Active Contours for Identification of the Pectoral Muscle in Screening Mammograms
Authors: Mariusz Bajger, Fei Ma, Murk J. Bottema
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing on Techniques and Applications (2005)

Image segmentation based on minimum spanning trees (MST) is used to identify the pectoral muscle in screening mammograms. The segmentation found using the MST is used to initialise an active contour for finding an anatomically reasonable estimate of the boundary of the pectoral muscle. The error is reported in terms of the number of in-correctly assigned pixels. Out of 83 images, 25 images have error rates less than 5 percent and 56 images have error rates less than 10 percent. The nature of the errors encountered indicates that the accuracy of computer algorithms for this task is approaching its practical limit.
The NCAR Spectral Element Climate Dynamical Core: Semi-Implicit Eulerian Formulation
Authors: S. J. Thomas, R. D. Loft
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2005)

A prototype dynamical core for the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is presented. The 3D governing primitive equations are specified in curvilinear coordinates on the cubed-sphere combined with a hybrid pressure ¿ vertical coordinate. The horizontal space discretisation is based on a $$\mathbb{P}_N - \mathbb{P}_N$$ spectral element variational formulation. A semi-implicit time integration scheme is derived in order to circumvent the severe time step restrictions associated with gravity waves. Eigen-mode decomposition of the vertical structure matrix results in a set of decoupled 2D modified Helmholtz problems which are solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient iteration. An idealized climate simulation is presented, where the semi-implicit scheme permits a much larger time step
Can small be beautiful?: assessing image resolution requirements for mobile TV
Authors: Hendrik Knoche, John D. McCarthy, M. Angela Sasse
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Mobile TV services are now being offered in several countries, but for cost reasons, most of these services offer material directly recoded for mobile consumption (i.e. without additional editing). The experiment reported in this paper, aims to assess the image resolution and bitrate requirements for displaying this type of material on mobile devices. The study, with 128 participants, examined responses to four different image resolutions, seven video encoding bitrates, two audio bitrates and four content types. The results show that acceptability is significantly lower for images smaller than 168x126, regardless of content type. The effect is more pronounced when bandwidth is abundant, and is due to important detail being lost in the smaller screens. In contrast to previous studies, participants are more likely to rate image quality as unacceptable when the audio quality is high.
RETR: Reverse Engineering to Requirements
Authors: Yiyun Yu, John Mylopoulos, Yiqiao Wang, Sotirios Liaskos, Alexei Lapouchnian, Ying Zou, Martin Littou, Julio C. S. P. Leite
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (2005)

Reverse engineering aims at extracting many kinds of information from existing software and using this information for system renovation and program understanding. The goal of this full day WCRE'05 workshop is to identify methods and techniques for Reverse Engineering from software to Requirements (RETR).
Performance Characterization of a 10-Gigabit Ethernet TOE
Authors: W. Feng, P. Balaji, C. Baron, L. N. Bhuyan, D. K. Panda
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on High Performance Interconnects (2005)

Though traditional Ethernet based network architectures such as Gigabit Ethernet have suffered from a huge performance difference as compared to other high performance networks (e.g, InfiniBand, Quadrics, Myrinet), Ethernet has continued to be the most widely used network architecture today. This trend is mainly attributed to the low cost of the network components and their backward compatibility with the existing Ethernet infrastructure. With the advent of 10-Gigabit Ethernet and TCP Offload Engines (TOEs), whether this performance gap be bridged is an open question. In this paper, we present a detailed performance evaluation of the Chelsio T110 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter with TOE. We have done performance evaluations in three broad categories: (i) detailed micro-benchmark performance evaluation at the sockets layer, (ii) performance evaluation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) stack atop the sockets interface, and (iii) application-level evaluations using the Apache web server. Our experimental results demonstrate latency as low as 8.9 µs and throughput of nearly 7.6 Gbps for these adapters. Further, we see an order-of-magnitude improvement in the performance of the Apache web server while utilizing the TOE as compared to the basic 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter without TOE.
Exact methods based on node-routing formulations for undirected arc-routing problems
Authors: R. Baldacci, V. Maniezzo
Venue: Networks (2006)

This article proposes a new transformation of undirected arc-routing problems into equivalent node-routing problems, with emphasis on the transformation of Capacitated Arc Routing Problems (CARP) into Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRP). For this last case, an analogue transformation has already been proposed in Pearn et al., where each required CARP edge is mapped onto a triplet of CVRP nodes. In our case, only two CVRP nodes are needed for every CARP required edge. The transformed instances have a structure and a dimension that make most CARP benchmarks solvable by state of the art CVRP techniques. We thus propose a general purpose transformation of arc into node-routing problems and new results on lower bounds and exact methods for CARP instances. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(1), 52&ndash;60 2006
A logic for information flow in object-oriented programs
Authors: Torben Amtoft, Sruthi Bandhakavi, Anindya Banerjee
Venue: Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2006)

This paper specifies, via a Hoare-like logic, an interprocedural and flow sensitive (but termination insensitive) information flow analysis for object-oriented programs. Pointer aliasing is ubiquitous in such programs, and can potentially leak confidential information. Thus the logic employs independence assertions to describe the noninterference property that formalizes confidentiality, and employs region assertions to describe possible aliasing. Programmer assertions, in the style of JML, are also allowed, thereby permitting a more fine-grained specification of information flow policy.The logic supports local reasoning about state in the style of separation logic. Small specifications are used; they mention only the variables and addresses relevant to a command. Specifications are combined using a frame rule. An algorithm for the computation of postconditions is described: under certain assumptions, there exists a strongest postcondition which the algorithm computes.
Texture: a review
Authors: Jon Sachs
Venue: ACM SIGDOC Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation (1977)

TEXTURE is a text composer developed by the University of British Columbia (UBC). It runs on IBM System/360 and 370 computers under the Michigan Terminal System. Its designers' objective was to match or exceed the capabilities of IBM's FORMAT text composer by using a more orderly and elegant design.
Understanding Referring Expressions Involving Perceptual Grouping
Authors: Kotaro Funakoshi, Satoru Watanabe, Takenobu Tokunaga, Naoko Kuriyama
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

This paper deals with understanding referring expressions involving perceptual grouping. The ability to use referring expressions is important for conversational agents aimed at real-world interaction. We conducted a psychological experiment to collect referring expressions involving perceptual grouping. A set of methods to identify referents based on the collected data are presented. We were able to identify 78.8% of the referents in the collected expressions.