ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Remote sensing in the mapping of the Brahmaputra/Jamuna River channel patterns and its relation to various landforms and tectonic environment
Authors: J. D. Das, A. K. Saraf
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

The Brahmaputra River is one of the largest sand-bar braided rivers in the world having a seasonal high discharge, high sediment load and characterized by frequent channel pattern changes and shift. Following natural phenomena, the river has been responding to landform/ground level changes effected by tectonic activity of the region. A satellite image mosaic and temporal Landsat data enabled detailed mapping of the Brahmaputra River revealing some prominent features with regard to change in its course, new channels and influence of landforms and tectonics. Northward shift of the river course are inferred at three different places, which are (1) in the uppermost part of Brahmaputra; (2) in the region north of the Kopili Gap (KG); (3) and north of the Mikir Hills (MH). However, the river appears to have developed a tendency to shift back in the area north of the MH. These shifts are influenced by tectonic activity in the Himalayan foothills. The Brahmaputra River shows remarkable changes downstream of Guwahati, by forming multiple channels south of the island as well as the formation of channels closer to the Shillong Plateau. The sudden and sharp south-westward to southward turn of the river just after longitude 90° E is in fact caused by a landform north of Dhubri. Development of new channels from the main river along the western and northern edges of the Shillong Massif (SM) and the shift of Kopili River towards the SM are indicators of tectonic activities that the massif suffered.
The Design of an Effective Marine Inertial Navigation System Scheme
Authors: Jian-hua Cheng, Ji-bin Zou, Lei Wu, Yan-ling Hao, Shuai Gan
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2008)

Accuracy of Marine Inertial Navigation System(INS) is mainly dominated by gyroscope. In this paper, a new scheme (Inertial Gyrocompass System) is designed to realize high accuracy INS on the basis of low accuracy float gyros and velocity information of Doppler log. By choosing optimal 2-order horizontal damping network and 1-order azimuth damping network and designing logical damping parameter, the positioning error caused by gyro drift can be eliminated to a large extent. Computer simulation and experimentations show this scheme is effective and practicable.
CTO Roundtable: Storage Part II
Authors: Mache Creeger
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2008)

Leaders in the storage industry ponder upcoming technologies and trends.
Web Design and Development, 2 Pap/Com edition
Authors: Kelly Valqui
Venue: Internet Series (2007)

This book and CD-ROM is a unique package that includes everything needed to become a Web designer and developer. In addition to HTML fundamentals, this title provides the skills for the entire Web development process, from storyboarding a Web site, to adding images, and JavaScript games, to uploading it as an e-commerce site. This CD contains license-free clip art, Web page design templates, banner ads, frames, mouseovers, and more.
Broadening participation through scalable game design
Authors: Alexander Repenning, Andri Ioannidou
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2008)

Game development is quickly gaining popularity in introductory programming courses. Motivational and educational aspects of game development are hard to balance and often sacrifice principled educational goals. We are employing the notion of scalable game design as an approach to broaden participation by shifting the pedagogical focus from specific programming to more general design comprehension. Scalable game design combines the Flow psychological model, the FIT competency framework and the AgentSheets rapid game prototyping environment. The scalable aspect of our approach has allowed us to teach game design in a broad variety of contexts with students ranging from elementary school to CS graduate students, with projects ranging from simple Frogger-like to sophisticated Sims-like games, and with diverse cultures from the USA, Europe and Asia.
Hermes: A quantitative trust establishment framework for reliable data packet delivery in MANETs
Authors: Charikleia Zouridaki, Brian L. Mark, Marek Hejmo, Roshan K. Thomas
Venue: Journal of Computer Security (2007)

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a source node must rely on other nodes to forward its packets on multi-hop routes to the destination. Secure and reliable handling of packets by the intermediate nodes is difficult to ensure in an ad hoc environment. We propose a trust establishment scheme for MANETs, which aims to improve the reliability of packet forwarding over multi-hop routes in the presence of potentially malicious nodes. Using a Bayesian framework, each node assigns a &ldquo;trustworthiness&rdquo; value to each of its neighbor nodes based on direct observations of packet forwarding behavior. More generally, each node forms an &ldquo;opinion&rdquo; about each of the other nodes in the network, based on the set of trustworthiness values computed in the network. The opinion metric can be incorporated into ad hoc routing protocols to achieve reliable packet delivery even when a portion of the network exhibits malicious behavior. We present numerical results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed trust establishment scheme.
A generic transport layer signaling protocol extension in mobile IPv6 networks
Authors: Ke Yu, Binbin Wang, Qianyu Ye
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS) is a more general IP signaling protocol suite for the manipulation of state along paths that are taken by data flows. The protocol suite is split into a generic lower layer denoted as NSIS Transport Layer Protocol (NTLP), and a separate upper layer for each specific signaling application known as NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol (NSLP). This paper addresses the crucial issues on the interaction between the NTLP protocol and Mobile IPv6 protocol. We focus on the state management and the signaling transport mechanisms of the NTLP protocol in "Triangle Routing" and "Route Optimization" scenarios. In particular, we also propose a cross layer signaling flow of our extensions in typical NSIS deployment models. With the deployment models, we evaluate the performance of signaling transport service provided by the NTLP protocol.
Software engineering in East and South Europe (SEESE'08)
Authors: Ivica Crnkovic, Jerzy Nawrocki
Venue: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering (2008)

East and South European countries are going through a process of intensive changes and ICT plays an important role in supporting these changes. Most of the East and South European countries have a tradition of high quality education, in particular in natural and traditional technical sciences and thus have a good potential to take the new challenges. Today there is a strong need for advances and excellence in Software Engineering education and research, which are crucial for effective development of software industry in the region.
Data exchange and schema mappings in open and closed worlds
Authors: Leonid Libkin, Cristina Sirangelo
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems (2008)

In the study of data exchange one usually assumes an open-world semantics, making it possible to extend instances of target schemas. An alternative closed-world semantics only moves 'as much data as needed' from the source to the target to satisfy constraints of a schema mapping. It avoids some of the problems exhibited by the open-world semantics, but limits the expressivity of schema mappings. Here we propose a mixed approach: one can designate different attributes of target schemas as open or closed, to combine the additional expressivity of the open-world semantics with the better behavior of query answering in closed worlds. We define such schema mappings, and show that they cover a large space of data exchange solutions with two extremes being the known open and closed-world semantics. We investigate the problems of query answering and schema mapping composition, and prove two trichotomy theorems, classifying their complexity based on the number of open attributes. We find conditions under which schema mappings compose, extending known results to a wide range of closed-world mappings. We also provide results for restricted classes of queries and mappings guaranteeing lower complexity.
Seluge: Secure and DoS-Resistant Code Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sangwon Hyun, Peng Ning, An Liu, Wenliang Du
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks (2008)

Wireless sensor networks are considered ideal candidates for a widerange of applications, such as industry monitoring, data acquisitionin hazardous environments, and military operations. It is desirableand sometimes necessary to reprogram sensor nodes through wirelesslinks after deployment, due to, for example, the need of removingbugs and adding new functionalities. The process of propagating anew code image to the nodes in a wireless sensor network is referredto as code dissemination. This paper presents the design,implementation, and evaluation of an efficient, secure, robust, andDoS-resistant code dissemination system named Seluge forwireless sensor networks. Seluge is a secure extension to Deluge, an open source, state-of-the-art code disseminationsystem for wireless sensor networks. It provides securityprotections for code dissemination, including the integrityprotection of code images and immunity from, to the best of ourknowledge, all DoS attacks that exploit code disseminationprotocols. Seluge is superior to all previous attempts for securecode dissemination, and is the only solution that seamlesslyintegrates the security mechanisms and the Deluge efficientpropagation strategies. Besides the theoretical analysis thatdemonstrates the security and performance of Seluge, this paper alsoreports the experimental evaluation of Seluge in a network of MicaZmotes, which shows the efficiency of Seluge in practice.
A speed-aware handover system for wireless cellular networks based on fuzzy logic
Authors: Leonard Barolli
Venue: Mobile Information Systems (2008)

Presently, the wireless mobile networks and devices are becoming increasingly popular to provide users the access anytime and anywhere. The mobile systems are based on cellular approach and the area is covered by cells that overlap each other. In mobile cellular systems the handover is a very important process, which refers to a mechanism that transfers an ongoing call from one Base Station (BS) to another. The performance of the handover mechanism is very important to maintain the desired Quality of Service (QoS). Many handover algorithms are proposed in the literature. However, to make a better handover and keep the QoS in wireless networks is very difficult. In this paper, we propose a speed-aware handover system based on fuzzy logic. The proposed system has 3 subsystems. The performance evaluation via simulations shows that proposed system has a good handover decision.
Development of a target oriented weed control system
Authors: M. Loghavi, B. Behzadi Mackvandi
Venue: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (2008)

Conventionally, herbicides are applied uniformly in the fields, while there is strong evidence that weeds are not distributed uniformly within crop fields and they tend to occur in clumps or patches. This manuscript presents the development of a prototype patch sprayer for target oriented weed control system by integration of differential global positioning system (DGPS), Geographical Information System (GIS), and solenoid-activated spray nozzles in response to signals generated by a displacement sensor. A set of Ashteck Promark2 DGPS receivers (fixed and rover) was used to collect weed position data in the test plots. A micro-controller was designed, fabricated and used to retrieve weed patch locations on the electronic map and simultaneously receiving grid signals from an infra-red displacement sensor mounted on the sprayer front wheel to generate and send activating signals to the sprayer nozzle solenoids. A randomized complete block experiment was conducted with three herbicide spraying treatments consisting of targeted patch spraying, conventional (uniform) spraying, and no-spraying (control) in three replications to assess the field performance. In the patch spraying treatment, spray mixture (Gramoxin, 10%) was sprayed only over the target (weed-infested) grids as controlled by a displacement sensor, an electronic weed map, and a microprocessor, while the conventional treatment plots received uniform and continuous application of the spray mixture. Patch spraying application was as effective as the conventional (uniform) application method in controlling weed infestation. The two spraying methods were significantly different at 99% confidence level with mean values of herbicide consumption rates of 40 and 12.2l/ha for the conventional and patch spraying methods, respectively. This indicates that targeted weed patch herbicide application resulted in 69.5% saving compared to the conventional application.
Insider Attack and Cyber Security: Beyond the Hacker (Advances in Information Security), 1 edition
Authors: Salvatore Stolfo, Steven M. Bellovin, Angelos D. Keromytis, Sara Sinclair, Sean W. Smith, Shlomo Hershkop
Venue:  (2008)

Insider Attack and Cyber Security: Beyond the Hacker defines the nature and scope of insider problems as viewed by the financial industry. This edited volume is based on the first workshop on Insider Attack and Cyber Security, IACS 2007. The workshop was a joint effort from the Information Security Departments of Columbia University and Dartmouth College. This book sets an agenda for an ongoing research initiative to solve one of the most vexing problems encountered in security, and includes the following topics: critical IT infrastructure, insider threats, awareness and dealing with nefarious human activities in a manner that respects individual liberties and privacy policies of organizations while providing the best protection of critical resources and services. In some sense, the insider problem is the ultimate security problem. This volume concludes with technical and legal challenges facing researchers who study and propose solutions to mitigate insider attacks.
2008 Special Issue: Towards a general neural controller for quadrupedal locomotion
Authors: Christophe Maufroy, Hiroshi Kimura, Kunikatsu Takase
Venue: Neural Networks (2008)

Our study aims at the design and implementation of a general controller for quadruped locomotion, allowing the robot to use the whole range of quadrupedal gaits (i.e. from low speed walking to fast running). A general legged locomotion controller must integrate both posture control and rhythmic motion control and have the ability to shift continuously from one control method to the other according to locomotion speed. We are developing such a general quadrupedal locomotion controller by using a neural model involving a CPG (Central Pattern Generator) utilizing ground reaction force sensory feedback. We used a biologically faithful musculoskeletal model with a spine and hind legs, and computationally simulated stable stepping motion at various speeds using the neuro-mechanical system combining the neural controller and the musculoskeletal model. We compared the changes of the most important locomotion characteristics (stepping period, duty ratio and support length) according to speed in our simulations with the data on real cat walking. We found similar tendencies for all of them. In particular, the swing period was approximately constant while the stance period decreased with speed, resulting in a decreasing stepping period and duty ratio. Moreover, the support length increased with speed due to the posterior extreme position that shifted progressively caudally, while the anterior extreme position was approximately constant. This indicates that we succeeded in reproducing to some extent the motion of a cat from the kinematical point of view, even though we used a 2D bipedal model. We expect that such computational models will become essential tools for legged locomotion neuroscience in the future.
Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions
Authors: Craig Gentry, Chris Peikert, Vinod Vaikuntanathan
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (2008)

We show how to construct a variety of "trapdoor" cryptographic tools assuming the worst-case hardness of standard lattice problems (such as approximating the length of the shortest nonzero vector to within certain polynomial factors). Our contributions include a new notion of trapdoor function with preimage sampling, simple and efficient "hash-and-sign" digital signature schemes, and identity-based encryption. A core technical component of our constructions is an efficient algorithm that, given a basis of an arbitrary lattice, samples lattice points from a discrete Gaussian probability distribution whose standard deviation is essentially the length of the longest Gram-Schmidt vector of the basis. A crucial security property is that the output distribution of the algorithm is oblivious to the particular geometry of the given basis.
Examinating Task Distribution by an Artificial Hormone System Based Middleware
Authors: Alexander von Renteln, Uwe Brinkschulte, Michael Weiss
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (2008)

This article represents our concept of an artificial hormone system for realizing a completely decentralized self-organizing task allocation using self-X properties. We present new evaluation results from our latest research: we introduce a tool to easily create test files and even whole test series, and show several test series that illustrate interesting behaviors of hormone interaction with different levels of hormones.
Decision Procedures: An Algorithmic Point of View, 1 edition
Authors: Daniel Kroening, Ofer Strichman
Venue:  (2008)

A decision procedure is an algorithm that, given a decision problem, terminates with a correct yes/no answer. Here, the authors focus on theories that are expressive enough to model real problems, but are still decidable. Specifically, the book concentrates on decision procedures for first-order theories that are commonly used in automated verification and reasoning, theorem-proving, compiler optimization and operations research. The techniques described in the book draw from fields such as graph theory and logic, and are routinely used in industry. The authors introduce the basic terminology of satisfiability modulo theories and then, in separate chapters, study decision procedures for each of the following theories: propositional logic; equalities and uninterpreted functions; linear arithmetic; bit vectors; arrays; pointer logic; and quantified formulas. They also study the problem of deciding combined theories and dedicate a chapter to modern techniques based on an interplay between a SAT solver and a decision procedure for the investigated theory. This textbook has been used to teach undergraduate and graduate courses at ETH Zurich, at the Technion, Haifa, and at the University of Oxford. Each chapter includes a detailed bibliography and exercises. Lecturers' slides and a C++ library for rapid prototyping of decision procedures are available from the authors' website.
Effect of gas mixing ratio on etch behaviors of Ba2Ti9O20 (BTO) and Pt thin films in Cl2/Ar inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Alexander Efremov, Nam-Ki Min, Sungihl Kim, Mansu Kim, Sahn Nahm, Kwang-Ho Kwon
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

An investigation of the Ba"2Ti"9O"2"0 (BTO) and Pt thin films etch mechanism in the Cl"2/Ar inductively coupled plasma was carried out. It was found that an increase in Ar mixing ratio at fixed gas pressure and input power causes a fast decrease in the BTO etch rate (26.9-1.2nm/min for 0-100% Ar) while the Pt etch rate increases slightly from 17.4-23.0nm/min. Langmuir probe diagnostics and zero-dimensional plasma modeling provided the data on plasma parameters, steady-state composition and fluxes of active species on the etched surface. From the model-based analysis of etch kinetics, it was shown that the behavior of the BTO etch rate corresponds to the reaction-rate-limited etch regime, where the etch rate is limited neither by physical sputtering of the main material nor by the ion-stimulated desorption of low-volatile reaction products. The etch process of Pt appears in the transitional regime and is controlled by the neutral and ion fluxes together.
An experimental comparison of gender classification methods
Authors: Erno Mäkinen, Roope Raisamo
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2008)

Successful face analysis requires robust methods. It has been hard to compare the methods due to different experimental setups. We carried out a comparison study for the state-of-the-art gender classification methods to find out their actual reliability. The main contributions are comprehensive and comparable classification results for the gender classification methods combined with automatic real-time face detection and, in addition, with manual face normalization. We also experimented by combining gender classifier outputs arithmetically. This lead to increased classification accuracies. Furthermore, we contribute guidelines to carry out classification experiments, knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses of the gender classification methods, and two new variants of the known methods.
The development of audit detection risk assessment system: Using the fuzzy theory and audit risk model
Authors: She-I Chang, Chih-Fong Tsai, Dong-Her Shih, Chia-Ling Hwang
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2008)

The result of audit designation is significantly influenced by the audit evidence collected when planning the audit and the amount of audit evidence depends on the degree of detection risk. Therefore, when the assessment factors of detection risk are more objective and correct, audit costs and the risk of audit failure can be reduced. Thus, the aim of this paper is to design an audit detection risk assessment system that could more precisely assess detection risk, comparing with the traditional determination method of detection risk in order to increase the audit quality and reduce the possibility of audit failure. First of all, the grounded theory is used to reorganize 53 factors affecting detection risk mentioned in literatures and then employed the Delphi method to screen the 43 critical risk factors agreed upon by empirical audit experts. In addition, using the fuzzy theory and audit risk model to calculate the degree of detection risk allow the audit staff to further determine the amount of audit evidence collected and set up initial audit strategies and construct the audit detection risk assessment system. Finally, we considered a case study to evaluate the system in terms of its feasibility and validity.