ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An effective role administration model using organization structure
Authors: Sejong Oh, Ravi Sandhu, Xinwen Zhang
Venue: ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) (2006)

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a well-accepted model for access control in an enterprise environment. When we apply RBAC model to large enterprises, effective role administration is a major issue. ARBAC97 is a well-known solution for decentralized RBAC administration. ARBAC97 authorizes administrative roles by means of role ranges and prerequisite conditions, where prerequisite conditions effectively work as a restricted pool for administrative roles to pick users or permissions. Although attractive and elegant in their own right, these mechanisms have significant shortcomings. In this paper, we propose an improved role administration model named ARBAC02 to overcome the weaknesses of ARBAC97. ARBAC02 introduces the concept of organization structure for defining user and permission pools independent of roles and role hierarchies, with a refined prerequisite condition specification. In addition, we present a bottom-up approach of permission-role administration in contrast to the top-down approach in ARBAC97. As a general solution, we illustrate the applications of organization structured-based security administration with other access control models, such as access control list model and lattice-based access control model.
EPRs in the consultation room: A discussion of the literature on effects on doctor-patient relationships
Authors: Irma Ploeg, Brit Ross Winthereik, Roland Bal
Venue: Ethics and Information Technology (2006)

In this paper we discuss expected and reported effects on care provider-patient relations of the introduction of electronic patient records (EPRs) in consultation settings by reviewing exemplary studies and literature on the subject from the past decade. We argue that in order for such assessments to be meaningful, talk of effects of "the" EPR needs to be replaced by an "unpacking" of EPR systems into their constituent parts and functionalities, the effects of which need to be assessed individually. Following from this principle, the paper discusses EPR systems ranging from simple data entry and retrieval systems to more sophisticated multi-user and multifunctional on-line systems. On a second level, our analysis of the literature is informed by the question which model of ideal patienthood underlies the assessment of effects of EPRs. To this end, we identify three "models of patienthood" implicit in writing about benefits and drawbacks of EPRs for patients: the autonomy, the consumer, and the holistic models, and argue that assumptions concerning these models need to be reflected upon more critically to improve understanding of what exactly EPR use does to the doctor-patient relationship.
A symbolic transform attack on lightweight encryption based on wavelet filter parameterization
Authors: Dominik Engel, Rade Kutil, Andreas Uhl
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security (2006)

We present a family of attacks on lightweight encryption schemes for visual data that rely on wavelet filter parameterizations to provide security. All of the attacks construct a symbolic representation of the inverse wavelet transform. We show that this representation can be used in ciphertext-only attacks, known-plaintext attacks and in attacks in which some information on the plaintext is available. We investigate the success and feasibility of each of these attacks, and conclude that the presented type of attacks poses a principal problem for lightweight encryption schemes that rely on the parameterization of a (linear) transform.
New Products
Authors: Farshad Fotouhi
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

This department provides an overview of some of the new products on the multimedia market.
Measurements of In-Motion 802.11 Networking
Authors: Richard Gass, James Scott, Christophe Diot
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications (2006)

Wireless networking can support in-motion users by providing occasional opportunities to transmit and receive data. We measure the performance of UDP and TCP transfers between a car traveling at speeds from 5 mph to 75mph and an 802.11b access point. We analyze the impact of bandwidth and delay limitations in the backhaul network on the feasibility of in-motion transfer with typical Internet applications. We observe that in interference-free environments, a significant amount of data can be transferred using off-the-shelf equipment. We find that performance suffers mostly from network or application related problems instead of wireless link issues, i.e., protocols with handshakes, bandwidth limitations, and long round-trip times.
Software Security: Building Security In
Authors: Gary McGraw
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2006)

Software security has come a long way in the last few years, but we've really only just begun. I will present a detailed approach to getting past theory and putting software security into practice. The three pillars of software security are applied risk management, software security best practices (which I call touchpoints), and knowledge. By describing a manageably small set of touchpoints based around the software artifacts that you already produce, I avoid religious warfare over process and get on with the business of software security. That means you can adopt the touchpoints without radically changing the way you work.
Interorganizational and organizational determinants of planning effectiveness for internet-based interorganizational systems
Authors: Hsiu-Fen Lin
Venue: Information and Management (2006)

Internet-based interorganizational systems (IIOS) planning is based on a portfolio of systems that integrate organizational and interorganizational processes and assist a firm in realizing its objectives. However, very limited empirical research has been performed to evaluate the factors that influence IIOS planning effectiveness. Research from trading partnerships, organizational theory, and the literature were used to identify two interorganizational variables (competitive pressure and trading partner readiness) and three organizational variables (top management support, organizational centralization, and technology competence) that are important in planning success. This study then examined the influence of these five variables on IIOS planning effectiveness. Data gathered from 202 CIOs in large Taiwanese organizations were employed to test the relationships between the research model constructs using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach; the study provided strong support for the hypotheses: certain factors related to interorganizational and organizational factors were found to influence IIOS planning effectiveness. The implications of this finding are discussed.
The Study of Strategy of Persuasive Advertising Investment
Authors: Tiebo Song, Xiong Chen, Yonggang Yin, Wenfeng Cen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

This paper develops the model of advertising investment with game theory, studies the advertising investment strategy of two companies separately in duopoly, and gives theory support for doing investment in advertising of enterprise. With the persuading effects of advertisement, enterprise makes products different professedly through advertising activity in order to persuade consumers to spend more money buying those products with higher price. This paper provides strategy of advertisement investment in the simultaneous-move game and judge from the results of comparing the result got from the paper with the result of Cournot equilibrium .The paper concludes that enterprises have possibilities of advertising by the influence of the efficiency factor. Otherwise the investment will consume the profits rather than make profits for the enterprise. Meanwhile we analyze the influence on profits, which is put by the efficiency factor in making price.
What do teachers teach in introductory programming?
Authors: Carsten Schulte, Jens Bennedsen
Venue: Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research (2006)

In this article, we try to create a general, worldwide picture of teachers' opinion about what should be taught in introductory programming courses. We focus on the debate about restructuring CS1. The study explores what teachers believe is important to teach, what they actually teach, and what students find most difficult (according to their teachers). what is the general approach to teaching (programming language, IDE, object-orientation or not, type of institution), what topics are taught, and what role do the areas that novices find difficult play in introductory programming course.In addition, we explore how these specific topics fit into a larger conceptual classification: Earlier studies of topics taught in introductory programming focuses only on one dimension of a given topic - either relevance or difficulty. In this study, we evaluate each topic regarding three dimensions: relevance, difficulty and the cognitive level (according to Bloom's taxonomy). This allows giving a more faceted picture of teachers' beliefs in teaching introductory programming courses.Furthermore, we assess the role of findings from the eighties in today's teaching: The need to understand five different areas of programming. Are these areas still in focus; are they relevant, and what is the connection to the topics taught - especially object-oriented (OO) topics?A special focus is given on students' understanding of the execution of a (OO) program; one of the five areas. In order to connect the ideas of a notional machine to OO concepts we present a four levelled competence hierarchy for object-interaction.Teachers assessed the area 'understanding the notional machine' as least important. Despite this, they assessed the herachy of object-interaction - meant as basis for a notional machine for the OO-paradigm - as an important aspect.Although teachers stress the importance of teaching general abstract structures, teaching seems to focus on concrete programming issues. A conclusion for further research on teaching OO programming and concerning the hierarchy of object interaction is that teaching is not only a matter of topics, but also a matter of perspective on teaching the topics.
Temporal Load-Balancing of Web-Server Traffic
Authors: Frode Eika Sandnes, Yo-Ping Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

In this paper a load-balancing strategy for distributed web-applications is proposed. The approach assumes uneven traffic with extreme peaks that cannot be served with a given infrastructure. The approach presented herein is based on distributing the load temporally in time. In online web-based applications the perceived response time is more important than the actual response time and various strategies for manipulating the perception of response time are discussed. The technique is relatively easy to incorporate with existing web-applications using modern web-technology such as AJAX. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Dorsal and Ventral Stream Interaction: Contributions from Optic Ataxia
Authors: Marc Himmelbach, Hans-Otto Karnath
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

In monkeys and humans, two functionally specialized cortical streams of visual processing emanating from V1 have been proposed: a dorsal, action-related system and a ventral, perception-related pathway. Traditionally, a separate organization of the two streams is assumed; the extent of functional interaction is unknown. After lesions of the dorsal stream in patients with optic ataxia, it has recently been shown that the ventral perception-related system might contribute to visuomotor processing if movements rely on remembered target positions. The ventral pathway thus seemed to participate in goal-directed movements, a function that previously has been assigned exclusively to the dorsal stream. We wondered whether different types of pointing movements are controlled by switching between two separated cortical pathways or whether a variable interaction of interconnected systems should be assumed. Our study investigated two acute stroke patients with optic ataxia following lesions of the dorsal stream in a delayed pointing task. The delays ranged from 0 to 10 sec. The patients' pointing error decreased in a linear manner with the length of time. The finding suggests a gradual change between dorsal and ventral control of reaching behavior, rather than a sudden switch between two separated cortical processing streams. Although our observations with two patients require further validation, the results suggest that the ventral and dorsal systems interact closely in the sensorimotor control of reaching behavior.
Image Comparison by Compound Disjoint Information
Authors: Zhaohui Sun, Anthony Hoogs
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

In this paper, we study disjoint information as a metric for image comparison and its applications in image matching, alignment, and video tracking. Disjoint information is the joint entropy of random variables excluding the mutual information. This measure of statistical dependence and information redundancy satisfies more rigorous metric conditions than mutual information. For image comparison, compound disjoint information is derived from the marginal densities of the image distributions. By using marginal densities other than color histograms, it can overcome the difficulties (such as a lack of spatial information) inherent in histogram-based mutual information methods and enrich the vocabulary of image description. Disjoint information is not sensitive to illumination and appearance changes, and it is particularly suited for multimodal applications.
Adaptive broadband beamforming using phase-independent derivative constraint techniques
Authors: C.-Y. Tseng, L. J. Griffiths
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

A method is presented to achieve flat mainbeam responses by imposing phase-independent derivative constraints. In contrast to the conventional derivative constraint methods which constrain both the magnitude and phase response, the proposed method only constrains the magnitude response. Previous results for up to the second order derivatives reported by the authors have indicated that flat mainbeam responses can be generated with much more appealing sidelobe levels by use of the phase-independent derivative constraints than those generated by use of the conventional derivative constraints. The results are further generalized to cases with arbitrarily high order derivatives. The application of these phase-independent derivative constraint techniques in adaptive broadband beamforming is also discussed.
Integrating learning with performance: environments for training and doing troubleshooting
Authors: Brian Minsk
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

My research focuses on developing on-the-job educational and training systems grounded in cognitive science principles about learning and problem solving. This research concerns simultaneously aiding both learning and performance of troubleshooting and is currently situated in the remote computer and network support domain. The demand for quality troubleshooting in the technical support industry is extremely high and growing even higher because of increasing product complexity, shorter product life cycles, the adoption of open systems, and the spreading adoption of technology products among less technical users. As a result, technical support centers are moving their troubleshooters away from performing each problem solving activity anew and towards having them create and utilize, when appropriate, re-usable, sharable solutions that can be more easily and efficiently distributed to customers. Though many technical support professionals arrive at their jobs with a detailed knowledge about the systems they will troubleshoot, they often have little skill at authoring sharable, re-usable problem solving cases and employing their knowledge in troubleshooting. Though novice troubleshooters are lack these skills and much of the technical support industry is interested in a qualitative change in what troubleshooters do, typically little time and resources are available for training troubleshooters.
Feature based watermarking using watermark template match
Authors: Wei Lu, Hongtao Lu, Fu-Lai Chung
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2006)

This paper presents a robust digital image watermarking scheme using feature point detection and watermark template match. A scale interactive model based filter is used to extract the feature points of original image, based on which a watermark template is constructed and embedded adaptively into the local region of these points. Watermark decision is made by computing the statistical correlation between the watermark and the embedded region. Because the proposed feature detection is robust against JPEG compression, filtering, noise addition and geometric distortions, the proposed watermarking scheme can achieve good performance against these attacks, and experimental results also demonstrate the superiority.
A Study of Access Control Requirements for Healthcare Systems Based on Audit Trails from Access Logs
Authors: Lillian Rostad, Ole Edsberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2006)

In healthcare, role-based access control systems are often extended with exception mechanisms to ensure access to needed information even when the needs don't follow the expected patterns. Exception mechanisms increase the threats to patient privacy, and therefore their use should be limited and subject to auditing. We have studied access logs from a hospital EPR system with extensive use of exception-based access control. We found that the uses of the exception mechanisms were too frequent and widespread to be considered exceptions. The huge size of the log and the use of pre-defined or uninformative reasons for access make it infeasible to audit the log for misuse. The informative reasons that were given provided starting points for requirements on how the usage needs should be accomplished without exception-based access. With more structured and fine-grained logging, analysis of access logs could be a very useful tool for learning how to reduce the need for exception-based access.
Supporting Generic Methodologies to Assist IMS-LD Modeling
Authors: Xavier Le Pallec, Cesar Olavo de Moura Filho, Raphael Marvie, Mirabelle Nebut, Jean-Claude Tarby
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

The adoption of IMS-LD as a standard conceptual model for pedagogical scenarios description will allow increasing interoperability in online learning. Since IMS-LD modeling activity does not count among the practices of teachers, it's imperative to provide a methodology to see them through this task. IMS-LD authors proposed one in the Best Practices Guide but unfortunately existing LD tools were not designed to support this or any other methodology. We propose a generic support for methodologies through a formal framework (Incremental Modeling Process) and provide an implementation (ModX module) using IMSLD best practices as an example.
Co-operative Proxy Caching Algorithms for Time-Shifted IPTV Services
Authors: T. Wauters, W. Van de Meerssche, F. De Turck, Bart Dhoedt, P. Demeester, T. Van Caenegem, E. Six
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (2006)

The increasing popularity of multimedia streaming applications introduces new challenges in content distribution networks. Streaming services such as Video on Demand (VoD) or digital television over the Internet (IPTV) are very bandwidth-intensive and cannot tolerate the high delays and poor loss properties of today's Internet. To solve these problems, caching (a sliding segment of) popular streams at proxies could be envisaged. This paper presents a novel caching algorithm and architecture for timeshifted television (tsTV) and its implementation using the IETF's Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). The algorithm uses sliding caching windows with sizes depending on content popularity and/or distance metrics. The caches can work in stand-alone mode as well as in co-operative mode. This paper shows that the network load can already be reduced considerably using small diskless caches, especially when using cooperative caching. A brief overview of the functionality of a prototype proxy implementation is presented as well.
General Chairs' Message
Authors: C. Chase, N. Ullah
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2004)

The following topics are dealt with: performance analysis of systems and software; benchmarking and workload characterization; simulation; architecture and performance evaluation; memory and caches; Java; and power estimation and reduction.
A Comparison of the Electroencephalogram between Institutionalized and Community Children in Romania
Authors: Peter J. Marshall, Nathan A. Fox, The Beip CoreGroup
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were collected from a sample of institutionalized infants and young children in Bucharest, Romania, and were compared with EEG data from age-matched children from the local community who had never been institutionalized and who were living with their families in the Bucharest area. Compared with the never-institutionalized group, the institutionalized group showed a pattern of increased low-frequency (theta) power in posterior scalp regions and decreased high-frequency (alpha and beta) power, particularly at frontal and temporal electrode sites. This finding is consistent with EEG studies of children facing environmental adversity and children with learning disorders. The institutionalized group also showed less marked hemispheric EEG asymmetries than the never-institutionalized group, particularly in the temporal region. The results are discussed in the context of two models: that the pattern of EEG in the institutionalized children reflects a maturational lag in nervous system development, or that it reflects tonic cortical hypoactivation.
A Bayesian Model for Supervised Clustering with the Dirichlet Process Prior
Authors: Hal Daumé III, Daniel Marcu
Venue: The Journal of Machine Learning Research (2005)

We develop a Bayesian framework for tackling the supervised clustering problem, the generic problem encountered in tasks such as reference matching, coreference resolution, identity uncertainty and record linkage. Our clustering model is based on the Dirichlet process prior, which enables us to define distributions over the countably infinite sets that naturally arise in this problem. We add supervision to our model by positing the existence of a set of unobserved random variables (we call these "reference types") that are generic across all clusters. Inference in our framework, which requires integrating over infinitely many parameters, is solved using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We present algorithms for both conjugate and non-conjugate priors. We present a simple---but general---parameterization of our model based on a Gaussian assumption. We evaluate this model on one artificial task and three real-world tasks, comparing it against both unsupervised and state-of-the-art supervised algorithms. Our results show that our model is able to outperform other models across a variety of tasks and performance metrics.