ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Dual-resource TCP/AQM for processing-constrained networks
Authors: Minsu Shin, Song Chong, Injong Rhee
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2008)

This paper examines congestion control issues for TCP flows that require in-network processing on the fly in network elements such as gateways, proxies, firewalls and even routers. Applications of these flows are increasingly abundant in the future as the Internet evolves. Since these flows require use of CPUs in network elements, both bandwidth and CPU resources can be a bottleneck and thus congestion control must deal with "congestion" on both of these resources. In this paper, we show that conventional TCP/AQM schemes can significantly lose throughput and suffer harmful unfairness in this environment, particularly when CPU cycles become more scarce (which is likely the trend given the recent explosive growth rate of bandwidth). As a solution to this problem, we establish a notion of dual-resource proportional fairness and propose an AQM scheme, called Dual-Resource Queue (DRQ), that can closely approximate proportional fairness for TCP Reno sources with in-network processing requirements. DRQ is scalable because it does not maintain per-flow states while minimizing communication among different resource queues, and is also incrementally deployable because of no required change in TCP stacks. The simulation study shows that DRQ approximates proportional fairness without much implementation cost and even an incremental deployment of DRQ at the edge of the Internet improves the fairness and throughput of these TCP flows. Our work is at its early stage and might lead to an interesting development in congestion control research.
Estimation of Arterial Wall Moving Velocities by Application of Hilbert-Huang Processing to Continuous Wave Doppler Ultrasound Signals: A Simulation Study
Authors: Nafeng Su, Yufeng Zhang, Lifang Wang, Chengyan Du
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

The distension of the vessel wall, which is the variation of a vessel diameter due to the distending blood pressure during a cardiac cycle, is used in the estimation of vessel stiffness parameters. A novel approach based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert spectrum (HS) to estimate the arterial moving velocities from continuous quadrature Doppler signals is proposed in this paper. By using this approach, the high frequency blood flow components are firstly removed by using a low pass filter. Then the bi-directional signals are separated by using the phasing-filter technique. Each unidirectional signal is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using the EMD, and then the relevant IMFs from the wall are identified. Finally, the maximum velocity waveforms are extracted from the bi-directional Hilbert spectra. Results from simulation study show that this approach is practical for extracting the maximum velocities of the moving vessel wall correctly.
Integrated electromagnetic microactuators with a large driving force
Authors: C.-T. Pan, H. Yang, M.-C. Chou, S.-C. Shen
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2005)

This paper describes a high power electromagnetic microactuator fabrication method that combines the hard magnetic Fe/Pt process, Ni/Fe permalloy magnetic circuit design, bulk micromachining, and excimer laser ablation. The hard magnetic material Fe/Pt is deposited under low temperature less than 350&#x00b0;C by sputter onto a suspension diaphragm to produce a perpendicular magnetic anisotropic field. The magnetic circuit with closed loop design is applied to concentrate the magnetic flux and increase the magnetic force. The magnetic field induced by the planar coil and Ni/Fe permalloy enhances the interaction with Fe/Pt to induce attractive and repulsive displacement, provide large output force, and operate at high frequency. This high power electromagnetic microactuator is demonstrated with minimum dimensions with a magnetic force two times greater than conventional magnetic micro-actuators.
The internal information of IBM
Authors: J. A. Vayghan, S. M. Garfinkle, C. Walenta, D. C. Healy, Z. Valentin
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2007)

The ability to utilize data as an enterprise asset is central to every enterprise transformation initiative. This ability is critical for reusing data consistently throughout the enterprise and deriving actionable knowledge from it. Accurate and high-quality data must consistently propagate meaning and value throughout the enterprise and comply with the policies and processes of the enterprise. For a variety of reasons, large enterprises manage data at a local level (e.g., for each department and location), resulting in information "silos" where data is redundantly stored, managed, and processed, each with its own policies and processes, leading to inconsistency. IBM has begun a transformation process to establish a program for the management of its critical data, beginning with the creation of an enterprise data strategy that is aligned with IBM business strategy. In this paper, we describe the progress, to date, of the IBM transformation process. We focus on the activities of the IBM Enterprise Business Information Center of Excellence (EBI CoE), which is responsible for establishing, implementing, and deploying the enterprise data architecture program. The EBI CoE uses leading-edge information management technology and services from IBM and its partners to address enterprise data challenges. We present lessons learned and best practices derived from this ongoing internal transformation process that can be useful for enterprises facing similar data challenges as they transform their operations and business models.
Place-specific computing: conceptual design cases from urban contexts in four countries
Authors: Jörn Messeter, Michael Johansson
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems (2008)

An increased interest in the notion of place has evolved in interaction design. Proliferation of wireless infrastructure, developments in digital media, and a 'spatial turn' in computing provides the base for place-specific computing as a suggested new genre of interaction design. In the REcult project place-specific computing is explored through design oriented research. This article reports six pilot studies where design students have designed concepts for place-specific computing in Berlin (Germany), Cape Town (South Africa), Rome (Italy) and Malm&ouml; (Sweden). Background and arguments for place-specific computing as a genre of interaction design are described. A total number of 36 design concepts designed for 16 designated zones in the four cities are presented. An analysis of the design concepts is presented indicating potentials, possibilities and problems as directions for future research.
Aesthetics and virtual keyboard designs for PDAs
Authors: Chui Yin Wong, Chee Weng Khong, Harold Thwaites
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

This paper addresses modern-day, touch screen devices that use a stylus for interaction and text input. To date, such devices utilized QWERTY-based designs for virtual keyboards. However, the assumption here is that there is no necessity for implementing QWERTY-based virtual keyboard designs on modern-day devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) based upon its efficiency of use. There is limited study showing how aesthetic appeal influences the performance of users interacting with text entry on a PDA. This paper considers 3 alternative virtual keyboard designs for PDAs as opposed to the standard virtual keyboard design. We highlight the various design elements, physical attributes and aesthetics. A comparison of means for effectiveness between the 4 virtual keyboard designs and the standard virtual keyboard were performed. The results highlight the significance of more interesting, alternative interface design solutions for text-input and interactions on modern-day, touch screen devices.
The algebra of metric betweenness II: Geometry and equational characterization of weakly median graphs
Authors: Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Victor Chepoi
Venue: European Journal of Combinatorics (2008)

We elaborate on the convexity properties of (not necessarily finite) weakly median graphs and their prime constituents in order to establish a number of equations in terms of the weakly median operation. Then the weakly median graphs can be identified with the discrete members of an equational class of ternary algebras satisfying five independent axioms on two to four points. This demonstrates that the median algebras featured by Avann and Sholander half a century ago and, more generally, Isbell's isotropic media can be generalized much further, without losing the close ties with graphs.
Example-driven animation synthesis
Authors: Yu-Shuen Wang, Tong-Yee Lee
Venue: The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics (2008)

We introduce an easy and intuitive approach to create animations by assembling existing animations. Using our system, the user needs only to simply scribble regions of interest and select the example animations that he/she wants to apply. Our system will then synthesize a transformation for each triangle and solve an optimization problem to compute the new animation for this target mesh. Like playing a jigsaw puzzle game, even a novice can explore his/her creativity by using our system without learning complicated routines, but just using a few simple operations to achieve the goal.
Rootkits and Their Effects on Information Security
Authors: Lynn Erla Beegle
Venue: Information Systems Security (2007)

A rootkit is cloaked software that infiltrates an operating system or a database with the intention to escape detection, resist removal, and perform a specific operation. Many rootkits are designed to invade the "root," or kernel, of the program, and therefore operate without announcing their presence to the owner of the computer. Although some rootkits are written with noble intentions (e.g., to strengthen an anti-virus package), true rootkits have a malicious purpose. A rootkit infection can render a compromised computer system vulnerable to attacks and corruption. Rootkits are named for their origin in Linux systems, but the number of rootkits that attack Microsoft operating systems has recently proliferated. Not only are rootkits difficult to detect and assess, but at times the only effective way to remove them is to do a clean installation of the entire operating system. Recent discoveries of rootkits in other venues prove that the problem is spreading and is a major concern for administrators in information security. This paper presents a brief history of the development of rootkits and their possible effects.Prominent cases involving rootkits are described.The paper concludes with an overview of methods to prevent rootkits and to (hopefully) eradicate one that has infected an operating system.
RAASP: Resource allocation analysis service and portal
Authors: Roger Curry, Cameron Kiddle, Rob Simmonds
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

Understanding how resources are allocated in a cluster or grid environment can be a daunting task. The number of schedulable processors has increased dramatically, resulting in a greater need for resource allocation analysis tools. This increase comes from hardware developments as well as inter-domain resource sharing. This paper describes a toolset for monitoring the allocation of resources in a high performance computing cluster or grid environment. Specifically, we are interested in monitoring and analyzing the allocation of resources in a batch scheduled universe. The aim is to categorize the data so that it is useful for understanding particular questions about resource allocation.
Tree model guided candidate generation for mining frequent subtrees from XML documents
Authors: Henry Tan, Fedja Hadzic, Tharam S. Dillon, Elizabeth Chang, Ling Feng
Venue: ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) (2008)

Due to the inherent flexibilities in both structure and semantics, XML association rules mining faces few challenges, such as: a more complicated hierarchical data structure and ordered data context. Mining frequent patterns from XML documents can be recast as mining frequent tree structures from a database of XML documents. In this study, we model a database of XML documents as a database of rooted labeled ordered subtrees. In particular, we are mainly concerned with mining frequent induced and embedded ordered subtrees. Our main contributions are as follows. We describe our unique embedding list representation of the tree structure, which enables efficient implementation of our Tree Model Guided (TMG) candidate generation. TMG is an optimal, nonredundant enumeration strategy that enumerates all the valid candidates that conform to the structural aspects of the data. We show through a mathematical model and experiments that TMG has better complexity compared to the commonly used join approach. In this article, we propose two algorithms, MB3-Miner and iMB3-Miner. MB3-Miner mines embedded subtrees. iMB3-Miner mines induced and/or embedded subtrees by using the maximum level of embedding constraint. Our experiments with both synthetic and real datasets against two well-known algorithms for mining induced and embedded subtrees, demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed techniques.
Linked partitions and linked cycles
Authors: William Y. C. Chen, Susan Y. J. Wu, Catherine H. Yan
Venue: European Journal of Combinatorics (2008)

The notion of noncrossing linked partition arose from the study of certain transforms in free probability theory. It is known that the number of noncrossing linked partitions of [n+1] is equal to the n-th large Schroder number r"n, which counts the number of Schroder paths. In this paper we give a bijective proof of this result. Then we introduce the structures of linked partitions and linked cycles. We present various combinatorial properties of noncrossing linked partitions, linked partitions, and linked cycles, and connect them to other combinatorial structures and results, including increasing trees, partial matchings, k-Stirling numbers of the second kind, and the symmetry between crossings and nestings over certain linear graphs.
Developing Virtual Heritage Application with 3D Collaborative Virtual Environments and Mobile Devices in a Multi-cultural Team: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Ekaterina Prasolova-Førland, Theodor G. Wyeld, Anders E. Lindås
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Systems (2008)

Until recently museums have been the sole repositories of an objective factual history. However, with the advent of online interactive media, there has been a shift to alternate forms of cultural exposition. This paper presents a project where 3D CVE is augmented with mobile devices in order to support a collaborative educational exploration of a famous historical site in Norway, where Battle of Stiklestad took place in 1030. This system can be used by both local and distant learning communities, working together towards a common goal. The paper presents a background for the project and describes the preliminary design. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges associated with developing educational augmented virtual heritage applications in a multi-cultural context.
Massively parallel quantum chromodynamics
Authors: P. Vranas, M. A. Blumrich, D. Chen, A. Gara, M. E. Giampapa, P. Heidelberger, V. Salapura, J. C. Sexton, R. Soltz, G. Bhanot
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2008)

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force, can be numerically simulated on massively parallel supercomputers using the method of lattice gauge theory. We describe the special programming requirements of lattice QCD (LQCD) as well as the optimal supercomputer hardware architectures for which LQCD suggests a need. We demonstrate these methods on the IBM Blue Gene/L™ (BG/L) massively parallel supercomputer and argue that the BG/L architecture is very well suited for LQCD studies. This suitability arises from the fact that LQCD is a regular lattice discretization of space into lattice sites, while the BG/L supercomputer is a discretization of space into compute nodes. Both LQCD and the BG/L architecture are constrained by the requirement of short-distance exchanges. This simple relation is technologically important and theoretically intriguing. We demonstrate a computational speedup of LQCD using up to 131,072 CPUs on the largest BG/L supercomputer available in 2007. As the number of CPUs is increased, the speedup increases linearly with sustained performance of about 20% of the maximum possible hardware speed. This corresponds to a maximum of 70.5 sustained teraflops. At these speeds, LQCD and the BG/L supercomputer are able to produce theoretical results for the next generation of strong-interaction physics.
An Improved Median Filter Based on Efficient Noise Detection for High Quality Image Restoration
Authors: Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) (2008)

To restore images corrupted by impulse noise, various image filtering strategies have been proposed. However, a common drawback of these methods is that the details and edges can not recovered satisfactorily when the noise level is high. A novel method based on efficient noise detection algorithm is proposed in this paper for effectively denoising extremely corrupted images and better details and edges preservation. The proposed method replaces only noisy pixel by either the median value or by a noise-free pixel value inside the selected filtering window. While uncorrupted pixels are remain unchanged. The key feature of the proposed method is very high noise detection accuracy, yielding zero miss-detection rate. Comparative studies of the proposed method and other methods for different images are made and the advantages of the proposed method are fully demonstrated.
The berkeley wavelet transform: A biologically inspired orthogonal wavelet transform
Authors: Ben Willmore, Ryan J. Prenger, Michael C. -K. Wu, Jack L. Gallant
Venue: Neural Computation (2008)

We describe the Berkeley wavelet transform (BWT), a two-dimensional triadic wavelet transform. The BWT comprises four pairs of mother wavelets at four orientations. Within each pair, one wavelet has odd symmetry, and the other has even symmetry. By translation and scaling of the whole set (plus a single constant term), the wavelets form a complete, orthonormal basis in two dimensions. The BWT shares many characteristics with the receptive fields of neurons in mammalian primary visual cortex (V1). Like these receptive fields, BWT wavelets are localized in space, tuned in spatial frequency and orientation, and form a set that is approximately scale invariant. The wavelets also have spatial frequency and orientation bandwidths that are comparable with biological values. Although the classical Gabor wavelet model is a more accurate description of the receptive fields of individual V1 neurons, the BWT has some interesting advantages. It is a complete, orthonormal basis and is therefore inexpensive to compute, manipulate, and invert. These properties make the BWT useful in situations where computational power or experimental data are limited, such as estimation of the spatiotemporal receptive fields of neurons.
Security Analysis of Role-based Separation of Duty with Workflows
Authors: Rattikorn Hewett, Phongphun Kijsanayothin, Aashay Thipse
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is the most predominant access control model in today’s security management due to its ability to simplify authorization, and flexibility to specify and enforce protection policies. In RBAC, Separation of Duty (SoD) constrains user role authorization to protect sensitive information from frauds due to conflicts of interests. SoD constraints are commonly defined by mutually exclusive roles (MER) (e.g., bank teller and auditor). This paper proposes practical computational techniques for analyzing SoD by integrating workflows of the enterprise processes into the RBAC framework. Specifically, we present 1) an algorithm for generating MER to enforce SoD, and 2) a verification algorithm to check if a given RBAC state (role authorization and user-role assignments) satisfies a given type of SoD constraint or not. The paper discusses the details of the approach and illustrates its use in a loan application domain.
Authorised domain management using location based services
Authors: Imad Abbadi
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

This paper focuses on creating a secure domain consisting of all devices owned by a single owner. This domain allows secure content sharing between devices in each domain and prevents the illegal copying of content to devices outside the domain. This paper proposes a novel solution for binding a domain to a single owner, ensuring that only a single consumer owns and manages each domain. This enables binding of domain licences to a domain owner, thereby limiting illicit content proliferation. Our novel idea involves the use of location based services, ensuring that devices, when joining a consumer domain, are located in physical proximity to the domain registered addresses. This restricts domain membership to devices in predefined geographical locations, helping to ensure that a single consumer owns and manages each domain. In addition, the proposed scheme helps to protect consumer privacy; location-based service is only required for managing domain membership, and it is not required for creating, downloading or exchanging content; in addition, the proposed scheme uses the Geographic location/privacy protocol (Geopriv), which enables domain owners to control the precision or resolution of location data, and when, in which location, and by whom their location can be retrieved.
Understanding emotions experienced when using a mobile phone in public: The social usability of mobile (cellular) telephones
Authors: Mark Turner, Steve Love, Mark Howell
Venue: Telematics and Informatics (2008)

The widespread and continued growth of mobile telephony within society means that protocols regarding acceptable public use are being continually redefined. In order to understand the different needs and motivations of mobile phone users and to assist with the development of effective policy, it is important first to consider the phone-related behaviours with which people are comfortable and those with which they become annoyed. A survey of 184 young adults was undertaken to explore the relationships between their comfort making and receiving mobile phone calls in different social contexts, their affective responses to public mobile phone use by others, and how such factors relate to key personal attributes and specific beliefs regarding calling behaviour. Mobile phone users differed in the extent to which they felt comfortable making and receiving calls in different social contexts and were less annoyed by others using mobile phones in locations where they themselves felt most comfortable making calls. Three important influences which predicted behavioural measures of phone use were found to be views regarding the application of public restrictions, desire to remain personally contactable and 'social usability' or anxiety regarding phone use in the presence of others. User personality and individual attributes such as age and gender were also found to be differentially associated with some aspects of phone-related behaviours.