ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Improving password security and memorability to protect personal and organizational information
Authors: Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Robert W. Proctor, Abhilasha Bhargav-Spantzel, Bik-Lam (Belin) Tai, Joshua Cook, E. Eugene Schultz
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2007)

Personal information and organizational information need to be protected, which requires that only authorized users gain access to the information. The most commonly used method for authenticating users who attempt to access such information is through the use of username-password combinations. However, this is a weak method of authentication because users tend to generate passwords that are easy to remember but also easy to crack. Proactive password checking, for which passwords must satisfy certain criteria, is one method for improving the security of user-generated passwords. The present study evaluated the time and number of attempts needed to generate unique passwords satisfying different restrictions for multiple accounts, as well as the login time and accuracy for recalling those passwords. Imposing password restrictions alone did not necessarily lead to more secure passwords. However, the use of a technique for which the first letter of each word of a sentence was used coupled with a requirement to insert a special character and digit yielded more secure passwords that were more memorable.
Covering Polygonal Annuli by Strips
Authors: Stuart White, Laura Wisewell
Venue: Discrete Computational Geometry (2007)

In 2000 Bezdek asked which plane convex bodies have the property that whenever an annulus, consisting of the body less a sufficiently small scaled copy of itself, is covered by strips, the sum of the widths of the strips must still be at least the minimal width of the body. We characterise the polygons for which this is so.
A Framework for 3D Hand Tracking and Gesture Recognition using Elements of Genetic Programming
Authors: Ayman El-Sawah, Chris Joslin, Nicolas D. Georganas, Emil M. Petriu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (2007)

In this paper we present a framework for 3D hand tracking and dynamic gesture recognition using a single camera. Hand tracking is performed in a two step process: we first generate 3D hand posture hypothesis using geometric and kinematics inverse transformations, and then validate the hypothesis by projecting the postures on the image plane and comparing the projected model with the ground truth using a probabilistic observation model. Dynamic gesture recognition is performed using a Dynamic Bayesian Network model. The framework utilizes elements of soft computing to resolve the ambiguity inherent in vision-based tracking by producing a fuzzy hand posture output by the hand tracking module and feeding back potential posture hypothesis from the gesture recognition module.
Multidimensional windows over arbitrary lattices and their application to FIR filter design
Authors: S. Coulombe
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

This paper presents some applications to FIR filter design of multi-D windows over arbitrary lattices and with arbitrary center of spatial symmetry. First, classic windows (such as Hamming, Blackman, etc.) are extended to windows over 1D and multi-D lattices with arbitrary spatial symmetry centers (which multirate applications sometimes require). Then the problem of obtaining a target frequency response with a good transition band from an ideal frequency response (made of a passband having constant gain and a stopband for which the gain is zero) is studied. A method to obtain a described target response using multi-D windows with application to the design of FIR filters is presented. Finally, a procedure for designing multi-D FIR filters by windowing is explained.
Systematic comparison between the asynchronous and the multi-synchronous implementations of a network on chip architecture
Authors: A. Sheibanyrad, I. Miro Panades, A. Greiner
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

In this paper we present a systematic comparison between two different implementations of a distributed Network on Chip: fully asynchronous and multi-synchronous. The NoC architecture has been designed to be used in a Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous clusterized Multi Processors System on Chip. The 5 relevant parameters are Silicon Area, Network Saturation Threshold, Communication Throughput, Packet Latency and Power Consumption. Both architectures have been physically implemented and simulated by SystemC/VHDL co-simulation. The electrical parameters have also been evaluated by post layout SPICE simulation for a 90nm CMOS fabrication process, taking into account the long wire effects.
Transient Fault Detection in State-Automata
Authors: Bernhard Fechner, Andre Osterloh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems (2007)

State automata are implemented in numerous ways and technologies - from simple traffic light controls to high-performance microprocessors comprising thousands of different states. Highlyintegrated microprocessors get more and more susceptible to transient faults induced by radiation, extreme clocking, temperature and decreasing voltage supplies. A transient fault in form of a single event-upset (SEUs) can change the current state of an automaton to another valid state, thus causing a control-flow error. From control-flow based simulations of a microprogrammable automaton we determine the number of effective, overwritten and latent faults. Faults can be detected by counting the number of transitions to the ending state and the comparison with a precomputed value being part of the microcode and the number of counted cycles. Faults cannot be detected if the original state is transferred to another valid state, reaching the ending state in the same number of transitions. We further determine the number of faults which can be detected by using this simple scheme and propose to encode these states in a way that a bit-flip will result in a state with a different distance from the ending state without any additional space consumption for the code.
Undecimated wavelet shrinkage estimate of the 1D and 2D spectra
Authors: P. Carre
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

We study the problem of estimating the log-spectrum of a stationary Gaussian time series by thresholding the wavelet coefficients. We propose the use of the undecimated wavelet transform to denoise the log-periodogram. For this, we review a denoising method based on undecimated wavelet transform, and we propose a level-dependent threshold which considers that one undecimated scale has N/b coefficients "repeating" b times. The result corresponds to the average of all log-peridogram circulant shifts denoised by a decimated wavelet transform. The purpose of this undecimated thresholding is to make the reconstructed log-spectrum as nearly noise-free as possible, but with a keep of all small frequential components. Since the wavelet denoising method can be generalized to images, we develop an estimation technique of the 2D log-spectrum based on 2D undecimated wavelet. We derive a new technique, easy to apply, which gives information about the 2D frequential components of an image.
Enforcing well-formed and partially-formed transactions for Unix
Authors: Dean Povey
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 8 (1999)

While security is a critical component of information systems, at times it can be frustrating for end users. Security systems exist to minimise the risks of allowing users to access and modify data, but rarely do they consider the risks of not granting access. This paper describes an access control system which is optimistic, i.e. it assumes accesses are legitimate, and allows audit and recovery of the system when they are not. The concepts of well-formed and partially-formed transactions as mechanisms for constraining pessimistic and optimistic accesses is briefly described, and the paper details a prototype implementation for the Solaris operating system which provides a reference monitor for enforcement of both these transactions.
Improvement Design of the Auto-Body Oriented to the Virtual Reconstruction Results of the Traffic Accident
Authors: Xiaoyun Zhang, Xianlong Jin, Lei Guo
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (2006)

In one traffic accident, the commercial vehicle that was in developing stage crash to the wall because of the error operation of the driver. In the accident, it was found that the hinge of the engineer hood was fractured. It was very dangerous for the driver and the passengers, and that also lead the energy absorbing ability reduced. The limitation of the design also was showed in the standard test that the vehicle crash to the rigid wall at the speed of 50km/h. The simulation result and the really crash test both show that the hinge of the engine hood fractured in the test. To solve the problem, the design of the outer and inner panel was changed, and the new material, such as high strength steel, was applied. The simulation results show that the new design could improve the crashworthiness of the vehicle greatly.
A Language for Human Action
Authors: Gutemberg Guerra-Filho, Yiannis Aloimonos
Venue: Computer (2007)

An empirically demonstrated human activity language provides sensory-motor-grounded representations for understanding human actions. A linguistic framework allows the analysis and synthesis of these actions.
2-D motion estimation with hierarchical content based meshes
Authors: G. Al-Regib
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

Two-dimensional mesh-based models provide a good alternative to motion estimation and compensation. The estimation of the best motion vectors at the node-point motion vectors is a challenging task. To this effect, Nakaya et al. (1994), proposed a hexagonal matching procedure. Toklu et al. (1996) improved the hexagonal search algorithm in terms of both motion estimation accuracy and computational complexity by employing a hierarchy of regular meshes. Recognizing the limitations of regular meshes, Van Beek et al. (1999), extended Toklu's work by utilizing content-based meshes. Here, we provide an alternative hierarchical motion estimation method with content-based meshes where hierarchical representations are employed for images as well as meshes in order to provide further improvements in computational complexity as well as motion accuracy.
Public Key Multi-Message Signcryption (PK-MMS) Scheme For Secure Communication Systems
Authors: Hassan M. Elkamchouchi, Abdel-Aty M. Emarah, Esam A. A. Hagras
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research (2007)

In this paper, a new and efficient public key multi-message signcryption (PK-MMS) scheme for provable secure communications has been proposed. The proposed scheme simultaneously signcrypts the multiple messages in a logical single step by using a multi-key generator which introduce a great deal of redundancy, efficient cost and low processing time for multi-message signcryption. The proposed PK-MMS has an efficient computation time and communication overhead compared with Zheng signcryption scheme. More specifically, it has been shown that for the minimum security parameters recommended for use in current practice, the numerical value for the saving in communication overhead using the proposed scheme are 27.7 % and 41.7 % for two and four signcrypted message over Zheng signcryption scheme. The proposed scheme costs 50 % and 75 % less in computation cost for two and four signcrypted message than does Zheng signcryption scheme.
Microelectronics-an introduction to formal cooperative learning
Authors: B. C. Flores
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 03 (1998)

Summary form only given. Over the past three semesters, the authors have implemented a format cooperative learning strategy in a junior level microelectronics course. Their intent is not only to ensure that students engage in an active learning mode but also to develop positive interdependence and group processing skills that are beyond the scope of the traditional electrical and computer engineering curriculum. From the onset of the course, students are grouped in triads and assigned team responsibilities. Their feedback is overwhelmingly positive: students appreciate the need for practicing communication and leadership skills and feel better prepared to tackle capstone design courses.
mTreebone: A Hybrid Tree/Mesh Overlay for Application-Layer Live Video Multicast
Authors: Feng Wang, Yongqiang Xiong, Jiangchuan Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2007)

Application-layer overlay networks have recently emerged as a promising solution for live media multicast on the Internet. A tree is probably the most natural structure for a multicast overlay, but is vulnerable in the presence of dynamic end-hosts. Data-driven approaches form a mesh out of overlay nodes to exchange data, which greatly enhances the resilience. It however suffers from an efficiency-latency tradeoff, given that the data have to be pulled from mesh neighbors with periodical notifications. In this paper, we suggest a novel hybrid tree/mesh design that leverages both overlays. The key idea is to identify a set of stable nodes to construct a tree-based backbone, called treebone, with most of the data being pushed over this backbone. These stable nodes, together with others, are further organized through an auxiliary mesh overlay, which facilitates the treebone to accommodate node dynamics and fully exploit the available bandwidth between overlay nodes. This hybrid design, referred to as mTreebone, is braced by our real trace studies, which show strong evidence that the performance of an overlay closely depends on a small set of backbone nodes. It however poses a series of unique and critical design challenges, in particular, the identification of stable nodes and seamless data delivery using both push and pull methods. In this paper, we present optimized solutions to these problems, which reconcile the two overlays under a coherent framework with controlled overhead. We evaluate mTreebone through both simulations and PlanetLab experiments. The results demonstrate the superior efficiencyand robustness of this hybrid solution.
A circular loop antenna with a parasitic circular loop for triple-band operation
Authors: T. Ueda, K. Hirasawa
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

A circular loop with a parasitic circular loop for triple-band operation is investigated numerically by using the method of moments. There are a feed element and a parasitic element on the ground plane. Each loop has a gap and the position of the gap is adjusted to get triple frequency bands. The VSWR bandwidths (/spl les/2) of 5%, 13% and 4% are obtained for a 1.55 GHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.44 GHz band.
2D sinusoidal amplitude estimation with application to 2D system identification
Authors: Hongbin Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

We previously studied amplitude estimation of one-dimensional (1D) sinusoidal signals from measurements corrupted by possibly colored observation noise (see Stoica, P. et al., IEEE Trans. on Sig. Proc., vol. 48, p.338-52, 2000). We extend those results for two-dimensional (2D) amplitude estimation. In particular, we investigate the 2D sinusoidal amplitude estimation within the general frameworks of least squares (LS), weighted least squares (WLS), and MAtched FIlterbank (MAFI) estimation. A variety of 2D amplitude estimators are presented, which are all asymptotically statistically efficient. The performances of these estimators in finite samples are compared numerically with one another. Making use of amplitude estimation techniques, we introduce a new scheme for 2D system identification, which is shown to be computationally simpler and statistically more accurate than the conventional output error method (OEM), when the observation noise is colored.
An integrated software engineering workshops program
Authors: M. Feldgen
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 03 (1998)

Workshops are a fundamental part of software engineering education, as they give practical training in principles, methods and procedures under similar conditions to real software products development. Students acquire the necessary experience in team dynamics, management and leadership techniques; and require them to improve their report writing and oral presentation skills. Having explicit technical and process roles for each student in the workshop, help them to understand and cope with the inherent software project complexity. In this paper, we describe the first implementation of workshops designed to accomplish the above mentioned objectives. They use "by research" or "problem solving" techniques as a way to integrate previously acquired knowledge with modern software engineering techniques. It is a "learner centered education model" which encourages a metacognitive student debate, proposing solutions, discussing and negotiating them, implementing and finally, comparing and analyzing goals and results.
New tricks for an old terminal driver
Authors: Eric Fischer
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1999)

Users expect more out of command lines than they did fifteen years ago, but the terminal interface has not evolved to keep up with their expectations. With a few modifications, though, the terminal driver can provide every program with support for the arrow keys and several common Emacs commands.
Firewall analysis with policy-based host classification
Authors: Robert Marmorstein, Phil Kearns
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Large Installation System Administration (2006)

For administrators of large systems, testing and debugging a firewall policy is a difficult process. The size and complexity of many firewall policies make manual inspection of the rule set tedious and error-prone. The complex interaction of conflicting rules can conceal serious errors that compromise the security of the network or interrupt the delivery of important services. Most existing tools for verifying the policy require the user to provide a detailed set of test cases or queries, which can sometimes be as difficult as verifying the policy by hand. Deriving a sufficiently comprehensive set of tests requires a detailed knowledge of potential vulnerabilities and a familiarity with the mechanics of the firewall. It also requires a significant investment of time and other resources. In this work, we present a fully automatic technique for identifying significant anomalies in a firewall policy. Our technique employs a novel system for classifying the hosts of a network into classes based on an equivalence structure, which is calculated from the firewall policy. This "policy-based classification of network hosts" substantially reduces the difficulty of identifying potential errors in the configuration of a firewall or group of connected firewalls and can be combined with existing firewall verification techniques to improve their effectiveness in detecting errors.
QoS Support in a MANET Based on OLSR and CBQ
Authors: Leila Boukhalfa, Pascale Minet, Serge Midonnet
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

Mobile ad-hoc networks constitute a popular subject for research as devices and wireless communication technologies are became widespread and ubiquitous. With the expanding range of applications of MANETs, supporting the quality of service (QoS) in these networks is becoming a real need. This paper provides a solution for QoS support taking into account radio interferences. We note that, because of the ad-hoc networks characteristics, we cannot provide a hard quality of service to QoS flows, but only a service differentiation between different flow types. This QoS support is based on the OLSR routing protocol and the CBQ scheduling. Simulation results show that flows with QoS requirements receive the requested bandwidth and Best Effort flows share the remaining bandwidth. Moreover, mobility is supported.
Real-time simulations of bubbles and foam within a shallow water framework
Authors: N. Thürey, F. Sadlo, S. Schirm, M. Müller-Fischer, M. Gross
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation (2007)

Bubbles and foam are important fluid phenomena on scales that we encounter in our lives every day. While different techniques to handle these effects were developed in the past years, they require a full 3D fluid solver with free surfaces and surface tension. We present a shallow water based particle model that is coupled with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation to demonstrate that real-time simulations of bubble and foam effects are possible with high frame rates. A shallow water simulation is used to represent the overall water volume. It is coupled to a particle-based bubble simulation with a flow field of spherical vortices. This bubble simulation is interacting with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation including surface tension to handle foam on the fluid surface. The realism and performance of our approach is demonstrated with several test cases that run with high frame rates on a standard PC.
State based sub-band LP Wiener filters for speech enhancement in car environments
Authors: Aimin Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

The performance of Wiener filters in restoring the quality and intelligibility of noisy speech depends on: (i) the accuracy of the estimates of the power spectra or the correlation values of the noise and the speech processes, and (ii) on the Wiener filter structure. In this paper a Bayesian method is proposed where model combination and model decomposition are employed for the estimation of parameters required to implement subband LP Wiener filters. The use of subband LP Wiener filters provides advantages in terms of improved parameter estimates and also in restoring the temporal-spectral composition of speech. The method is evaluated, and compared with the parallel model combination, using the TIMIT continuous speech database with BMW and VOLVO car noise databases.
SAT-based Unbounded Model Checking of Timed Automata
Authors: Wojciech Penczek, Maciej Szreter
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (2007)

Symbolic model checking, based mostly on BDD graphs, is a standard technology nowadays. It has been implemented in several tools like Uppaal, Kronos, RED, or Cadence FORMALCHECK. In the last decade, very efficient implementations of SAT solvers have been provided. Thanks to that SAT-based Bounded Model Checking (BMC) and Unbounded Model Checking (UMC) became feasible. The idea of UMC [4] consists in encoding the states of a model, where a temporal formula holds, by propositional formulas in conjunctive normal form (called blocking clauses). Unfortunately, the number of these clauses can be exponential. There are several methods aiming at improving the above deficiency by using generalized blocking clauses [6], or for instance circuit cofactoring [3]. In this paper we define and use timed generalized blocking clauses in UMC of timed automata for untimed temporal properties expressed in CTL_X.