ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
DESIGN INFORMATION HANDLING IN A KNOWLEDGE BASED INTELLIGENT DESIGN SYSTEM
Authors: Quangang Yang, Carl Reidsema
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems (2007)

The advancements in internet technology have had a tremendous impact on the development of knowledge-based engineering systems that support concurrent engineering. Not only the conventional knowledge acquisition and representation techniques need to be improved to adapt the new situation, but the information retrieval and distribution have arisen to be new questions to answer. This article addresses these issues of management and handling of knowledge in a knowledge-based intelligent design system. A search algorithm based on the computation of a similarity index is proposed to retrieve a design case from the project library. An initial design report is used to distribute design information so that the information such as a designer's intent which cannot be included in a standard CAD file, can be retained. In addition, a simple constraint definition frame is presented to define the relationships between critical design parameters, and two information representation schemas, information matrix and constraint tree, are described. The presented research efforts in this article aim to provide promising tools to harness the full potential of ontologies in knowledge management within an intelligent design system.
Evaluation and improvement of the MODIS land surface temperature/emissivity products using ground-based measurements at a semi-desert site on the western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: K. Wang, Z. Wan, P. Wang, M. Sparrow, J. Liu, S. Haginoya
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Current MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST, surface skin temperature)/emissivity products are evaluated and improvements are investigated. The ground-based measurements of LST at Gaize (32.30° N, 84.06° E, 4420 m) on the western Tibetan Plateau from January 2001 to December 2002 agree well (mean and standard deviation of differences of 0.27 K and 0.84 K) with the 1-km Version 004 (V4) Terra MODIS LST product (MOD11A1) generated by the split-window algorithm. Spectral emissivities measured from surface soil samples collected at and around the Gaize site are in close agreement with the landcover-based emissivities in bands 31 and 32 used by the split-window algorithm. The LSTs in the V4 MODIS LST/emissivity products (MYD11B1 for Aqua and MOD11B1 for Terra) from the day/night LST algorithm are higher by 1-1.7 K (standard deviation around 0.6 K) in comparisons to the 5-km grid aggregated values of the LSTs in the 1-km products, which is consistent with the results of a comparison of emissivities. On average, the emissivity in MYD11B1 (MOD11B1) is 0.0107 (0.0167) less than the ground-based measurements, which is equivalent to a 0.64 K (1.25 K) overestimation of LST around the average value of 285 K. Knowledge obtained from the evaluation of MODIS LST/emissivity retrievals provides useful information for the improvement of the MODIS LST day/night algorithm. Improved performance of the refined (V5) day/night algorithm was demonstrated with the Terra MODIS data in May-June 2004.
WWW.Stands for "World Wide Whiners": How the Internet Is Being Manipulated by the M-I-F-F-E-D
Authors: Steve W. Price
Venue:  (2007)

How the Internet is being manipulated by the MIFFED
Privacy-Preserving Recommendation Systems for Consumer Healthcare Services
Authors: Stefan Katzenbeisser, Milan Petkovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

Advances in e-health bring new challenges with regard to the protection of sensitive patient data; an increasing number of applications require to share data with consumer healthcare services. Typically the providers of those services reside outside the traditional health care domain, where medical data protection laws (such as HIPAA) do not apply. Instead, technical means of protection should safeguard critical health data that is shared with third parties. In this paper, we show that cryptographic privacy-enhancing protocols are a key tool to protect the privacy of patients in upcoming consumer e-health services. In particular we focus on services offering health advice, allowing to locate specialists and supporting the formation of patient communities.
Anonymous Networking with Minimum Latency in Multihop Networks
Authors: Parvathinathan Venkitasubramaniam, Lang Tong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2008)

The problem of security against timing based traffic analysis in multihop networks is considered in this work. In particular, the relationship between the level of anonymity provided and the quality of service, as measured by network latency, is analyzed theoretically. Using an information theoretic measure of anonymity of routes in eavesdropped networks is considered, and packet scheduling strategies are designed to guarantee any desired level of anonymity. In particular, for individual relays, scheduling strategies based on mixing are designed so that the incoming and outgoing transmission epochs do not reveal any information. The proposed strategies utilize a limited fraction of dummy transmissions, and a significant reduction in packet latency at individual relays is demonstrated analytically for Poisson distributed arrivals. To minimize overall network latency, a randomized selection strategy is considered to choose the set of relays that use the designed scheduling strategies. The random selection is optimized for the desired level of anonymity using a well known distortion rate optimization in information theory. The tradeoff between overall network latency and anonymity in the network is characterized for centralized and decentralized scheduling strategies.
On searching compressed string collections cache-obliviously
Authors: Paolo Ferragina, Roberto Grossi, Ankur Gupta, Rahul Shah, Jeffrey Scott Vitter
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems (2008)

Current data structures for searching large string collections either fail to achieve minimum space or cause too many cache misses. In this paper we discuss some edge linearizations of the classic trie data structure that are simultaneously cache-friendly and compressed. We provide new insights on front coding [24], introduce other novel linearizations, and study how close their space occupancy is to the information-theoretic minimum. The moral is that they are not just heuristics. Our second contribution is a novel dictionary encoding scheme that builds upon such linearizations and achieves nearly optimal space, offers competitive I/O-search time, and is also conscious of the query distribution. Finally, we combine those data structures with cache-oblivious tries [2, 5] and obtain a succinct variant whose space is close to the information-theoretic minimum.
Anonymity Scheme for Interactive P2P Services
Authors: Sharon Shitrit, Eyal Felstaine, Niv Gilboa, Ofer Hermoni
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2008)

The flourishing of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications has encouraged extensive research on end-to-end anonymity. In particular, interactive services such as VoIP and instant messaging are becoming extremely popular and require low latency. Preserving the anonymity of users in such services is becoming a major challenge. While existing schemes provide anonymity for the communicating parties; they incur high latency and are not suitable for interactive services. Even designs that attempt to reduce the latency, employ an encryption scheme that involves acomparatively high computation overhead and delay.In this paper, we describe a novel low-latency P2P scheme that provides anonymity for both senders and receivers while adhering to low bounds of delay, communication and bandwidth overheads. The design offers resistance against various attacks including a coalition of malicious peers. It has inherited scalability and fault tolerance and is applicable for various interactive P2P services.
Fuzzy region connection calculus: Representing vague topological information
Authors: Steven Schockaert, Martine De Cock, Chris Cornelis, Etienne E. Kerre
Venue: International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (2008)

Qualitative spatial information plays a key role in many applications. While it is well-recognized that all but a few of these applications deal with spatial information that is affected by vagueness, relatively little work has been done on modelling this vagueness in such a way that spatial reasoning can still be performed. This paper presents a general approach to represent vague topological information (e.g., A is a part of B, A is bordering on B), using the well-known region connection calculus as a starting point. The resulting framework is applicable in a wide variety of contexts, including those where space is used in a metaphorical way. Most notably, it can be used for representing, and reasoning about, qualitative relations between regions with vague boundaries.
TF-IDF uncovered: a study of theories and probabilities
Authors: Thomas Roelleke, Jun Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Interpretations of TF-IDF are based on binary independence retrieval, Poisson, information theory, and language modelling. This paper contributes a review of existing interpretations, and then, TF-IDF is systematically related to the probabilities P(q|d) and P(d|q). Two approaches are explored: a space of independent, and a space of disjoint terms. For independent terms, an "extreme" query/non-query term assumption uncovers TF-IDF, and an analogy of P(d|q) and the probabilistic odds O(r|d, q) mirrors relevance feedback. For disjoint terms, a relationship between probability theory and TF-IDF is established through the integral + 1/x dx = log x. This study uncovers components such as divergence from randomness and pivoted document length to be inherent parts of a document-query independence (DQI) measure, and interestingly, an integral of the DQI over the term occurrence probability leads to TF-IDF.
Structuralization of Digestive Endoscopic Report Based on NLP
Authors: Ying Li, Junjie Li, Huilong Duan, Xudong Lu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 01 (2008)

It is an inevitable transition from paper-based medical records to electronic medical records (EMR). EMR’s structuralization and standardization are important for efficient information retrieve and sharing. Presently, natural language processing (NLP) and structured data entry (SDE) are two different methods realizing EMR’s structuralizaion. Because SDE limits doctors’ free expression, this paper designs a system based on NLP and Minimal Standard Terminology (MST) that automatically maps digestive endoscopic narrative records to structured MST records and its accuracy is 92.3%.
Adoption of medical devices: Perspectives of professionals in Swedish neonatal intensive care
Authors: Kerstin Roback, Per-Olof Gäddlin, Nina Nelson, Jan Persson
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2007)

Advances in biomedical engineering enable us to treat increasingly severe conditions. This implies an increased need for regulation and priority setting in healthcare, to ensure appropriate safety cautions and to avoid accelerating expenditures. This interview study investigates the mechanisms behind the adoption and use of medical devices through the subjective experiences of hospital staff working with devices for neonatal intensive care. The adoption was found to be primarily initiated by vendor activities, but professionals preferably sought information about functionality from close colleagues. Full integration of devices was sometimes not achieved, and even though the adopting units had good introduction routines, there was no systematic follow-up of how adopted devices had been integrated in the work practices. Diffusion variations were, however, mainly found for temporarily tested devices and not for permanently available technologies. Three factors were found to be the major explanatory variables of the adoption of medical devices: (1) the subjective expected value of the device, (2) information and learning, and (3) the innovativeness of the adopting unit.
Signature Rollback - A Technique for Testing Robust Circuits
Authors: Uranmandakh Amgalan, Christian Hachmann, Sybille Hellebrand, Hans-Joachim Wunderlich
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (2008)

Dealing with static and dynamic parameter variations has become a major challenge for design and test. To avoid unnecessary yield loss and to ensure reliable system operation a robust design has become mandatory. However, standard structural test procedures still address classical fault models and cannot deal with the non-deterministic behavior caused by parameter variations and other reasons. Chips may be rejected, even if the test reveals only non-critical failures that could be compensated during system operation. This paper introduces a scheme for embedded test, which can distinguish critical permanent and non-critical transient failures for circuits with time redundancy. To minimize both yield loss and the overall test time, the scheme relies on partitioning the test into shorter sessions. If a faulty signature is observed at the end of a session, a rollback is triggered, and this particular session is repeated. An analytical model for the expected overall test time provides guidelines to determine the optimal parameters of the scheme.
Machine learning techniques for business blog search and mining
Authors: Yun Chen, Flora S. Tsai, Kap Luk Chan
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2008)

Weblogs, or blogs, have rapidly gained in popularity over the past few years. In particular, the growth of business blogs that are written by or provide commentary on businesses and companies opens up new opportunities for developing blog-specific search and mining techniques. In this paper, we propose probabilistic models for blog search and mining using two machine learning techniques, latent semantic analysis (LSA) and probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). We implement the models in our database of business blogs, BizBlogs07, with the aim of achieving higher precision and recall. The probabilistic model is able to segment the business blogs into separate topic areas, which is useful for keywords detection on the blogosphere. Various term-weighting schemes and factor values were also studied in detail, which reveal interesting patterns in our database of business blogs. Our multi-functional business blog system is indeed found to be very different from existing blog search engines, as it aims to provide better relevance and precision of the search.
Stolen Identity: Regulating the Illegal Trade in Personal Data in the 'Data-Based Society'
Authors: Adam Warren
Venue: International Review of Law, Computers and Technology (2007)

In May 2006, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) presented a report to Parliament entitled What Price Privacy? The report highlighted the extent of the illegal trade in personal data. Arguing that the risk of security breaches had increased largely as a result of the rise of the 'data-based society', the ICO called for a change in the legislation to permit jail sentences of up to 2 years. In February 2007, the UK government stated its intention to adopt that recommendation. This paper examines the current UK policy approach to regulating the illegal flow of personal information, and the lead taken by the UK Information Commissioner. Reference is made to the 'privacy toolbox', where data protection legislation is combined with measures such as codes of practice and privacy impact assessments (PIAs). Comparisons are made with the work of overseas regulators. In addition, the current regulatory framework regarding section 55 offences is examined, with the author attending an ICO prosecution hearing in December 2006. The paper concludes by arguing that a greater emphasis needs to be placed on the assessment of privacy risks posed, in particular, by the expansion and proposed merger of government databases. Adoption of PIAs could help achieve this.
The application of WBEM standard in database management systems administration tasks
Authors: Marcelo da Mota Lopes, Jorge Rady de Almeida Júnior
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (2005)

This paper describes the importance of adopting mechanisms to support the general computer systems administration, applied in critical systems and information systems as well. It presents an overview about the WBEM (Web Based Enterprise Management) and related advantages over the commonly used enterprise networks management approaches. As a sample application of WBEM, it is presented the WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) implementation, considering its use as a resources consumption monitor of a Relational Database Management System.
Multigrid based preconditioners for the numerical solution of two-dimensional heterogeneous problems in geophysics
Authors: I. Duff, S. Gratton, X. Pinel, X. Vasseur
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

We study methods for the numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation for two-dimensional applications in geophysics. The common framework of the iterative methods in our study is a combination of an inner iteration with a geometric multigrid method used as a preconditioner and an outer iteration with a Krylov subspace method. The preconditioning system is based on either a pure or shifted Helmholtz operator. A multigrid iteration is used to approximate the inverse of this operator. The proposed solution methods are evaluated on a complex benchmark in geophysics involving highly variable coefficients and high wavenumbers. We compare this preconditioned iterative method with a direct method and a hybrid method that combines our iterative approach with a direct method on a reduced problem. We see that the hybrid method outperforms both the iterative and the direct approach.
On the equivalence of some approaches to the OWA operator and RIM quantifier determination
Authors: Xinwang Liu, Hongwei Lou
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2008)

The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator is a widely used aggregation method, and its determination is usually a prerequisite step in many related applications. The regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier can be seen as the continuous case of the OWA operator with the quantifier aggregation method. Some approaches with optimization criteria for the determination of OWA operator and RIM quantifier were proposed. Although these problems look different at the first sight, a deeper investigation can reveal the equivalence of solutions between them. Inspired by the solution equivalence of minimum variance problems and minimax disparity problem for OWA operator, we propose the minimax disparity RIM quantifier problem and two minimax ratio problems for OWA operator and RIM quantifier, respectively. We investigate the equivalence of solutions for the maximum entropy and minimax ratio problems, and solutions for the minimum variance and minimax disparity problems of OWA operator and RIM quantifier, respectively, by a theoretical point of view.
Improved distributed approximate matching
Authors: Zvi Lotker, Boaz Patt-Shamir, Seth Pettie
Venue: Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures (2008)

We present improved algorithms for finding approximately optimal matchings in both weighted and unweighted graphs. For unweighted graphs, we give an algorithm providing >(1-ε-approximation in O(log n) time for any constant ε > 0. This result improves on the classical 1 over 2-approximation due to Israeli and Itai. As a by-product, we also provide an improved algorithm for unweighted matchings in bipartite graphs. In the context of weighted graphs, we give another algorithm which provides (1 over 2-ε) approximation in general graphs in O(log n)time. The latter result improves on the known (1 over 4-ε-approximation in O(log n)time.
Oscillatory behavior of higher order nonlinear neutral forced differential equations with oscillating coefficients
Authors: Xiaoliang Zhou, Rong Yu
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

In this paper, the higher order nonlinear neutral forced differential equations of the form [x(t)-p(t)x(@t(t))]^(^n^)+@?i=1mq"i(t)f"i(x(@s"i(t)))=s(t),t>=t"0, where n,m@?N, n>=2 and m>=1, are studied. A new necessary and sufficient theorem for the oscillation of bounded solutions and a sufficient criterion for the existence of bounded positive solutions of the above equations are obtained for general p(t) and s(t). In particular, our results improve some known results.
Relation between meteorological conditions and the catching of red tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from the measurements of the TOVS and AVHRR sensors of the NOAA satellites
Authors: A. Romo, C. Casanova, J. Sanz, A. Calle, J. L. Casanova
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

During the second half of the month of June 1997, a massive catch of red tuna (Thunnus thynnus) took place off the coast of Babarte (Spain), in contrast to the first half of that month when there was hardly any presence of this species. The aim of this paper was to examine the relation between the high fishing productivity and the meteorological conditions under which the oceanic events to which the tuna fisheries were attracted took place. This was carried out through the analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor data and the data from the Tiros-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) probe of the NOAA-14 satellite from 10 to 24 June 1997. Results show that the formation of the fishing front was caused by an ocean-atmosphere energetic exchange, which was localized and described through the data transmitted from the NOAA satellites.
A fuzzy approach to filtering interferometric SAR data
Authors: J. Yang, T. Xiong, Y. Peng
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

A new method is proposed for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data filtering. Considering the overestimation of the correlation map and the reliability of the phases of the master and slave images after registration, the authors propose a new fuzzy filter, based on the weighted least square method and the improved median filter. This method can be employed to filter noise and to strongly reduce the number of residues. Using Pi-SAR X-band data from a volcano in Kaimon, Japan, the advantages of the new approach are demonstrated.
3MOKAN: A Novel Mobility Management Mechanism Based on Keeping Alternative Nodes
Authors: Mahmood Hasanlou, Ebrahim Fazli, Ali Movaghar, Hossein Mohammadi
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a network without any predefined infrastructure in which every node not only enjoys the services from the network, but serves the network as a relaying router. Because of nodes mobility, these kinds of networks are highly dynamic. Therefore, link failure is so frequent. In this paper we propose a novel mobility management method which is independent of underlying routing protocol. Based on this mechanism, a node tries to keep an alternate node for its next hop and when a link breakage occurs, simply node uses its alternate node as next hop. Simulation results show that this mechanism can reduce average number of hop counts, number of selected routes and number of broken links, and provide longer network lifetime.