ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Extracting Knowledge from Life Courses: Clustering and Visualization
Authors: Nicolas S. Müller, Alexis Gabadinho, Gilbert Ritschard, Matthias Studer
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery (2008)

This article presents some of the facilities offered by our TraMineR R-package for clustering and visualizing sequence data. Firstly, we discuss our implementation of the optimal matching algorithm for evaluating the distance between two sequences and its use for generating a distance matrix for the whole sequence data set. Once such a matrix is obtained, we may use it as input for a cluster analysis, which can be done straightforwardly with any method available in the R statistical environment. Then we present three kinds of plots for visualizing the characteristics of the obtained clusters: an aggregated plot depicting the average sequential behavior of cluster members; an sequence index plot that shows the diversity inside clusters and an original frequency plot that highlights the frequencies of the n most frequent sequences. TraMineR was designed for analysing sequences representing life courses and our presentation is illustrated on such a real world data set. The material presented should also be of interest for other kind of sequential data such as DNA analysis or web logs.
The impact of the mutation strategy on the quality of solution of parallel genetic algorithms
Authors: Milena Lazarova, Plamenka Borovska, Shada Mabgar
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Evolutionary Computing (2008)

The paper is aimed at investigating the influence of the mutation strategy on the quality of solution of parallel evolutionary algorithms. Parallel computational model based on independent subpopulation evolutions on multicomputer platform is suggested. Several parallel strategies for variable mutation rate at subpopulation and individual levels are investigated and their impact on the quality of the solution is evaluated and analyzed for the case study of the traveling salesman problem. Hybrid programming model utilizing both message passing (MPI) and multithreading (OpenMP) is applied. Parallelism profiling and solution quality analysis are made for the purpose of estimating the efficiency of several parallel mutation strategies.
A Novel Method for Filtering Group Sending Short Message Spam
Authors: Peizhou He, Xiangming Wen, Wei Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (2008)

With the prosperity of SMS (Short Message Service), there are more and more SMS spam. This paper proposes a method for filtering group sending SMS Spam, which combines black-and-white list technology and CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart) technique. At first, it utilizes black-and-white list technique to check out the SMS account. If the SMS account is on the blacklist or whitelist, the SMS will be disposed directly without using CAPTCHA technique. In contrast, if the SMS account is not on the black-and-white list, then it makes use of CAPTCHA to handle it. If the SMS sender can not pass the CAPTCHA, the SMS will be tagged as s SMS spam and deleted. Finally, it has been simulated with Smartphone of Microsoft Visual Studio 2005.
Research on the General Environment of Chinese Business's Innovation
Authors: Xinjuan Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposiums on Information Processing (2008)

Along with development of economic globalization, the business innovation becomes increasingly significant in China. The business innovation is not only a specific environment of the business, for instance customer, suppliers, competitors and so on, but it needs the general environment to give it an atmosphere as well. On the basis of foreign advanced theory, the writer carries out the research of the general environment, which is hindering innovation of Chinese business, and proposes her view from 4 different angles, they are social cultural conditions, technological conditions, political conditions, economic conditions.
How to Encrypt with a Malicious Random Number Generator
Authors: Seny Kamara, Jonathan Katz
Venue: Fast Software Encryption: 15th International Workshop, FSE 2008, Lausanne, Switzerland, February 10-13, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2008)

Chosen-plaintext attacks on private-key encryption schemes are currently modeled by giving an adversary access to an oracle that encrypts a given message m using random coins that are generated uniformly at random and independently of anything else. This leaves open the possibility of attacks in case the random coins are poorly generated (e.g., using a faulty random number generator), or are under partial adversarial control (e.g., when encryption is done by lightweight devices that may be captured and tampered with).We introduce new notions of security modeling such attacks, propose two concrete schemes meeting our definitions, and show generic transformations for achieving security in this context.
Airfield Runway Detection from Synthetic Aperture Radar Image
Authors: Yili Fu, Kun Xing, Xianwei Han, Hongfeng Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 4 - Volume 04 (2008)

An algorithm of airfield runway detection from high resolution synthetic aperture radar image is proposed. Runways are identified by using Hough transform technique, followed by a series of speckle suppression and region of interest (ROI) segmentation. First, speckle suppression based on edge preserving is described. Then, constant false alarm rate detector with probability iteration is used for ROI segmentation. Finally, peak values detected from Hough transform domain determine the edge location of runway. High resolution images are used to illustrate the algorithm, and experimental results show that performance is satisfactory.
A user evaluation of the SADIe transcoder
Authors: Darren Lunn, Sean Bechhofer, Simon Harper
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility (2008)

The World Wide Web (Web) is a visually complex, dynamic, multimedia system that can be inaccessible to people with visual impairments. SADIe addresses this problem by using Semantic Web technologies to explicate implicit visual structures through a combination of an upper and lower ontology. This is then used to apply transcoding to a range of Websites. This paper describes a user evaluation that was performed using the SADIe system. Four users were presented with a series of Web pages, some having been adapted using SADIe's transcoding functionality and others retaining in their original state. The results of the evaluation showed that providing answers to a fact based question could be achieved more quickly when the information on the page was exposed via SADIe's transcoding. The data obtained during the experiment was analysed and shown to be statistically significant. This suggests that the transcoding techniques offered by SADIe can assist visually impaired users accessing content on the Web.
Dynamically coupled fluid-body interactions in vorticity-based numerical simulations
Authors: Jeff D. Eldredge
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2008)

A novel method is presented for robustly simulating coupled dynamics in fluid-body interactions with vorticity-based flow solvers. In this work, the fluid dynamics are simulated with a viscous vortex particle method. In the first substep of each time increment, the fluid convective and diffusive processes are treated, while a predictor is used to independently advance the body configuration. An iterative corrector is then used to simultaneously remove the spurious slip - via vorticity flux - and compute the end-of-step body configuration. Fluid inertial forces are isolated and combined with body inertial terms to ensure robust treatment of dynamics for bodies of arbitrary mass. The method is demonstrated for dynamics of articulated rigid bodies, including a falling cylinder, flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder and free swimming of a three-link 'fish'. The error and momentum conservation properties of the method are explored. In the case of the vibrating cylinder, comparison with previous work demonstrates good agreement.
Interactive Paper as a Reading Medium in Digital Libraries
Authors: Moira C. Norrie, Beat Signer, Nadir Weibel
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (2008)

In digital libraries, much of the reading activity is still done on printed copies of documents. We show how digital pen and paper technologies can be used to support readers by automatically creating interactive paper versions of digital documents during the printing process that enable users to activate embedded hyperlinks to other documents and services from printed versions. The approach uses a special printer driver that allows information about hyperlinks to be extracted and stored at print time. Users can then activate hyperlinks in the printed document with a digital pen.
Tailoring of Feedback in Web-Based Learning: The Role of Response Certitude in the Assessment
Authors: Ekaterina Vasilyeva, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Paul Bra
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

This paper analyzes the challenges of tailoring feedback to the student's response certitude during the assessment in Web-based Learning systems (WBLSs). We present the summary of the results of a series of experiments related to the online assessment of students through multiple-choice quizzes, where students had to select the confidence level and were able to request different kinds of feedback for each of the answered questions.
On the Detection of Regions-of-Interest in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: David Raba, Marta Peracaula, Robert Martí, Joan Martí
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Part I (2007)

Multivariate imaging technologies such as Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) have recently gained an important attention as it improves tumour detection. Modelling of contrast media uptake and washout kinetic parameters which are closely related to physiological and anatomical features helps to diagnose and detect a possible cancer. One issue that does not generally receive much attention is the process of detecting regions of interest (ROIs). An automatic region-of-interest (ROI) selection method is presented to avoid the time consuming and subjective task of manual ROI selection, which significantly affects reproducibility and accuracy of measurements.
Decision trees for hierarchical multi-label classification
Authors: Celine Vens, Jan Struyf, Leander Schietgat, Sašo Džeroski, Hendrik Blockeel
Venue: Machine Learning (2008)

Hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC) is a variant of classification where instances may belong to multiple classes at the same time and these classes are organized in a hierarchy. This article presents several approaches to the induction of decision trees for HMC, as well as an empirical study of their use in functional genomics. We compare learning a single HMC tree (which makes predictions for all classes together) to two approaches that learn a set of regular classification trees (one for each class). The first approach defines an independent single-label classification task for each class (SC). Obviously, the hierarchy introduces dependencies between the classes. While they are ignored by the first approach, they are exploited by the second approach, named hierarchical single-label classification (HSC). Depending on the application at hand, the hierarchy of classes can be such that each class has at most one parent (tree structure) or such that classes may have multiple parents (DAG structure). The latter case has not been considered before and we show how the HMC and HSC approaches can be modified to support this setting. We compare the three approaches on 24 yeast data sets using as classification schemes MIPS's FunCat (tree structure) and the Gene Ontology (DAG structure). We show that HMC trees outperform HSC and SC trees along three dimensions: predictive accuracy, model size, and induction time. We conclude that HMC trees should definitely be considered in HMC tasks where interpretable models are desired.
JMathNorm: A Database Normalization Tool Using Mathematica
Authors: Ali Yazici, Ziya Karakaya
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2007)

This paper is about designing a complete interactive tool, named JMathNorm, for relational database (RDB) normalization using Mathematica. It is an extension of the prototype developed by the same authors [1] with the inclusion of Second Normal Form (2NF), and Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) in addition to the existing Third normal Form (3NF) module. The tool developed in this study is complete and can be used for real-time database design as well as an aid in teaching fundamental concepts of DB normalization to students with limited mathematical background. JMathNorm also supports interactive use of modules for experimenting the fundamental set operations such as closure, and full closure together with modules to obtain the minimal cover of the functional dependency set and testing an attribute for a candidate key. JMathNorm's GUI interface is written in Java and utilizes Mathematica's JLink facility to drive the Mathematica kernel.
Sound and complete relevance assessment for XML retrieval
Authors: Benjamin Piwowarski, Andrew Trotman, Mounia Lalmas
Venue: ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) (2008)

In information retrieval research, comparing retrieval approaches requires test collections consisting of documents, user requests and relevance assessments. Obtaining relevance assessments that are as sound and complete as possible is crucial for the comparison of retrieval approaches. In XML retrieval, the problem of obtaining sound and complete relevance assessments is further complicated by the structural relationships between retrieval results. A major difference between XML retrieval and flat document retrieval is that the relevance of elements (the retrievable units) is not independent of that of related elements. This has major consequences for the gathering of relevance assessments. This article describes investigations into the creation of sound and complete relevance assessments for the evaluation of content-oriented XML retrieval as carried out at INEX, the evaluation campaign for XML retrieval. The campaign, now in its seventh year, has had three substantially different approaches to gather assessments and has finally settled on a highlighting method for marking relevant passages within documents&mdash;even though the objective is to collect assessments at element level. The different methods of gathering assessments at INEX are discussed and contrasted. The highlighting method is shown to be the most reliable of the methods.
Software for the Next-Generation Automobile
Authors: Craig Simonds
Venue: IT Professional (2003)

Automotive electronic systems are changing rapidly, requiring connectivity of all types. Ford's prototype software framework lets manufacturers rapidly tailor features and handle diverse communication modes.
Grip-Pattern Recognition in Smart Gun Based on Likelihood-Ratio Classifier and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Xiaoxin Shang, Raymond N. Veldhuis
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Image and Signal Processing (2008)

In the biometric verification system of a smart gun, the rightful user of a gun is recognized based on grip-pattern recognition. It was found that the verification performance of this system degrades strongly when the data for training and testing have been recorded in different sessions with a time lapse. This is due to the variations between the probe image and the gallery image of a subject. In this work the grip-pattern verification has been implemented based on both classifiers of the likelihood-ratio classifier and the support vector machine. It has been shown that the support vector machine gives much better results than the likelihood-ratio classifier if there are considerable variations between data for training and testing. However, once the variations are reduced by certain techniques and thus the data are better modelled during the training process, the support vector machine tends to lose its superiority.
Endogenous control and task representation: An fmri study in algebraic problem-solving
Authors: Andrea Stocco, John R. Anderson
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2008)

The roles of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices have been widely studied, yet little is known on how they interact to enable complex cognitive abilities. We investigated this issue in a complex yet well-defined symbolic paradigm: algebraic problem solving. In our experimental problems, the demands for retrieving arithmetic facts and maintaining intermediate problem representations were manipulated separately. An analysis of functional brain images acquired while participants were solving the problems confirmed that prefrontal regions were affected by the retrieval of arithmetic facts, but only scarcely by the need to manipulate intermediate forms of the equations, hinting at a specific role in memory retrieval. Hemodynamic activity in the dorsal cingulate, on the contrary, increased monotonically as more information processing steps had to be taken, independent of their nature. This pattern was essentially mimicked in the caudate nucleus, suggesting a related functional role in the control of cognitive actions. We also implemented a computational model within the Adaptive Control of Thought---Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture, which was able to reproduce both the behavioral data and the time course of the hemodynamic activity in a number of relevant regions of interest. Therefore, imaging results and computer simulation provide evidence that symbolic cognition can be explained by the functional interaction of medial structures supporting control and serial execution, and prefrontal cortices engaged in the on-line retrieval of specific relevant information.
Discriminatively regularized least-squares classification
Authors: Hui Xue, Songcan Chen, Qiang Yang
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2009)

Over the past decades, regularization theory is widely applied in various areas of machine learning to derive a large family of novel algorithms. Traditionally, regularization focuses on smoothing only, and does not fully utilize the underlying discriminative knowledge which is vital for classification. In this paper, we propose a novel regularization algorithm in the least-squares sense, called discriminatively regularized least-squares classification (DRLSC) method, which is specifically designed for classification. Inspired by several new geometrically motivated methods, DRLSC directly embeds the discriminative information as well as the local geometry of the samples into the regularization term so that it can explore as much underlying knowledge inside the samples as possible and aim to maximize the margins between the samples of different classes in each local area. Furthermore, by embedding equality type constraints in the formulation, the solutions of DRLSC can follow from solving a set of linear equations and the framework naturally contains multi-class problems. Experiments on both toy and real world problems demonstrate that DRLSC is often superior in classification performance to the classical regularization algorithms, including regularization networks, support vector machines and some of the recent studied manifold regularization techniques.
Constructing new ways of living together: Government relationships with the voluntary sector in the information polity
Authors: E. Burt, John Taylor
Venue: Information Polity (2003)

In this paper we examine how the transformational potential of information and communication technologies and Labour's partnership with the voluntary sector are being brought together in ways that could bring voluntary organisations more intimately within the centre-ground of the democratic polity. Drawing upon the concept of the 'information polity' we map the new patterns of influence that are emerging around the ownership and control of information as this re-positioning occurs.
Packet Interference and Aggregated Throughput of Bluetooth Piconets in a Ubiquitous Network
Authors: Seung-Yeon Kim, Se-Jin Kim, Ki-Jong Lee, Yi-Chul Kang, Hyong-Woo Lee, Choong-Ho Cho
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems (2007)

In a ubiquitous environment, various sensors and wireless devices communicate with each other. Recently, the number of wireless devices using Bluetooth technology operating in the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band is increasing rapidly. Interference among communicating devices sharing the ISM band can cause significant throughput degradation. In this paper, we present an analytical model of packet interference with multi-path fading channel in a cluster of piconets. Through analysis, we obtain the packet collision probability and aggregated throughput assuming capture effect. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effect of various parameters such as capture ratio, Rice factor and cluster size on the system performance.
Learning Bounded Unions of Noetherian Closed Set Systems Via Characteristic Sets
Authors: Yuuichi Kameda, Hiroo Tokunaga, Akihiro Yamamoto
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international colloquium on Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications (2008)

In this paper, we study a learning procedure from positive data for bounded unions of certain class of languages. Our key tools are the notion of characteristic sets and hypergraphs. We generate hypergraphs from given positive data and exploit them in order to find characteristic sets.
A Decidable Temporal Logic of Repeating Values
Authors: Stéphane Demri, Deepak D'Souza, Régis Gascon
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Logical Foundations of Computer Science (2007)

Various logical formalisms with the freeze quantifier have been recently considered to model computer systems even though this is a powerful mechanism that often leads to undecidability. In this paper, we study a linear-time temporal logic with past-time operators such that the freeze operator is only used to express that some value from an infinite set is repeated in the future or in the past. Such a restriction has been inspired by a recent work on spatio-temporal logics. We show decidability of finitary and infinitary satisfiability by reduction into the verification of temporal properties in Petri nets. This is a surprising result since the logic is closed under negation, contains future-time and past-time temporal operators and can express the nonce property and its negation. These ingredients are known to lead to undecidability with a more liberal use of the freeze quantifier.