ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reading on-the-go: a comparison of audio and hand-held displays
Authors: Kristin Vadas, Nirmal Patel, Kent Lyons, Thad Starner, Julie Jacko
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

In this paper we present a 20-participant controlled experiment to evaluate and compare a head-down visual display and a synthesized speech audio display for comprehending text while mobile. Participants completed reading comprehension trials while walking a path and sitting. We examine overall performance and perceived workload for four conditions: audio-walking, audio-sitting, visual-walking, and visual-sitting. Results suggest audio is an acceptable modality for mobile comprehension of text. Participants' comprehension scores for the audio-walking condition were comparable to the scores for the visual-walking condition. More importantly, participants saw improvements in their ability to navigate the environment when using the audio display.
Fuzzy Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Medical Images Interpretation
Authors: N. Benamrane, A. Aribi L. Kraoula
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Geometric Modeling and Imaging: New Trends (2006)

In this paper, we propose an approach for detection and specification of anomalies present in medical images. The idea is to combine three metaphors: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms in a hybrid system. The Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic metaphors are coupled in one system called Fuzzy Neural Networks. The Genetic Algorithm adds to this hybridizing the property of total research like an initialization of the Fuzzy Neural Networks training algorithm witch is based on an adapted version of the back propagation algorithm. After applying the growing region algorithm to extract regions, the Fuzzy Neural Network detect the suspect regions, which are interpreted by the Fuzzy Neural Network of specification. Some of experimental results on brain images show the feasibility of the proposed approach
3D Images Compression for Multi-View Auto-Stereoscopic Displays
Authors: B. Kaufmann, M. Akil
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

As auto-stereoscopic displays offer more and more different possible views, the problem of the size of the data to display is becoming more and more urging. If many 3D images compression algorithms already exist, using various methods, many are not lossless and lead to zones where data are not well displayed. This article details our lossless 3D compression algorithm based on 3D reconstruction of the initial 3D scene and presents some results. We will insist on the description of the coding and decoding process of a number of particular effects, especially the reflection and refraction reconstitution. We will also show an encountered problem called discontinuity of the facets and the way to solve it.
A contingency model of computer and internet self-efficacy
Authors: Gholamreza Torkzadeh, Jerry Cha-Jan Chang, Didem Demirhan
Venue: Information and Management (2006)

Information system researchers have recently devoted considerable attention to the concept of computer self-efficacy in order to understand computer user behavior and system use. This article reports on the development and examination of a contingency model of computer and Internet self-efficacy. User attitude and computer anxiety were assumed to influence the development of computer and Internet self-efficacy. Measures of user attitude, computer anxiety, computer self-efficacy, and Internet self-efficacy were used in a university environment to collect 347 responses at both the beginning and end of an introductory computer course. Results suggested that training significantly improved computer and Internet self-efficacy. Respondents with 'favorable' attitudes toward computers improved their self-efficacy significantly more than respondents with 'unfavorable' attitudes. Respondents with 'low' computer anxiety improved their self-efficacy significantly more than respondents with 'high' computer anxiety. The interaction effect between attitude and anxiety was significant for computer self-efficacy scores but not for Internet self-efficacy scores. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Approximate encoding for direct access and query processing over compressed bitmaps
Authors: Tan Apaydin, Guadalupe Canahuate, Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu, Ali Saman Tosun
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Very large data bases (2006)

Bitmap indices have been widely and successfully used in scientific and commercial databases. Compression techniques based on run-length encoding are used to improve the storage performance. However, these techniques introduce significant overheads in query processing even when only a few rows are queried. We propose a new bitmap encoding scheme based on multiple hashing, where the bitmap is kept in a compressed form, and can be directly accessed without decompression. Any subset of rows and/or columns can be retrieved efficiently by reconstructing and processing only the necessary subset of the bitmap. The proposed scheme provides approximate results with a trade-off between the amount of space and the accuracy. False misses are guaranteed not to occur, and the false positive rate can be estimated and controlled. We show that query execution is significantly faster than WAH-compressed bitmaps, which have been previously shown to achieve the fastest query response times. The proposed scheme achieves accurate results (90%-100%) and improves the speed of query processing from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to WAH.
Autonomous Fault Recovery Technology for Achieving Fault-Tolerance in Video on Demand System
Authors: Yuta Nakatogawa, Yanqing Jiang, Miho Kanda, Kinji Mori, Ryuji Takanuki, Yasushi Kuba
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2006)

With the advances of compression technology, storage devices and networks, Video on Demand (VoD) service is becoming popular. The system needs to provide continuous service and heterogeneous service levels for users. However, these requirements cannot be satisfied in conventional VoD system which is constructed on redundant content servers and centralized management. In this paper, autonomous VoD system is proposed to meet the requirements. The system is constructed on Faded Information Field architecture. Under the proposed architecture, autonomous fault detection and fault recovery technologies are proposed to achieve fault-tolerance for continuous service. The effectiveness of the proposed technologies are proved through simulation. The results show that an average of 30% improvement in recovery time and users' video service can be recovered without stopping compared with conventional VoD system.
G1 Hermite interpolation by Minkowski Pythagorean hodograph cubics
Authors: Jiří Kosinka, Bert Jüttler
Venue: Computer Aided Geometric Design (2006)

As observed by [Choi, H.I., Han, Ch.Y., Moon, H.P., Roh, K.H., Wee, N.S., 1999. Medial axis transform and offset curves by Minkowski Pythagorean hodograph curves. Computer-Aided Design 31, 59-72], curves in Minkowski space R2,1 are very well suited to describe the medial axis transform (MAT) of a planar domain, and Minkowski Pythagorean hodograph (MPH) curves correspond to domains, where both the boundaries and their offsets are rational curves [Moon, H.P., 1999. Minkowski Pythagorean hodographs. Computer Aided Geometric Design 16, 739-753]. Based on these earlier results, we give a thorough discussion of G1 Hermite interpolation by MPH cubics, focusing on solvability and approximation order. Among other results, it is shown that any analytic space-like curve without isolated inflections can be approximately converted into a G1 spline curve composed of MPH cubics with the approximation order being equal to four. The theoretical results are illustrated by several examples. In addition, we show how the curvature of a curve in Minkowski space is related to the boundaries of the associated planar domain.
On models of and for teaching: toward theory-based computing education
Authors: J. Philip East
Venue: Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research (2006)

This paper notes the seeming lack of theoretical perspective in computing education in both teaching and research. In the absence of a "paradigm" to guide practice it is recommended that individual teachers and researchers develop or adopt personal theoretical models of instruction. A multi-faceted rationale for doing so is presented and a framework addressing the various aspects of teaching and learning is suggested. The framework is then illustrated using the author's personal models.
High-bandwidth mesh-based overlay multicast in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Bartosz Biskupski, Raymond Cunningham, Jim Dowling, René Meier
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Advanced architectures and algorithms for internet delivery and applications (2006)

In this paper we present MeshCast, a peer-to-peer (p2p) multicast protocol for applications requiring high bandwidth (such as live video streaming) from a server to a large number of receivers. Traditional tree-based approaches to overlay multicast inefficiently utilise the outgoing bandwidth of participating nodes and poorly adapt to node membership churn. In contrast, MeshCast is based on Chainsaw mesh-based approach to data delivery that better utilises bandwidth and provides excellent adaptation properties. In this paper we identify properties that enable mesh-based overlay multicast protocols to better utilise the available bandwidth and consequently support higher data stream rates in heterogeneous environments. MeshCast uses a gossip-based algorithm to adapt the overlay to peer heterogeneity, while still preserving the advantages of a mesh-based overlay. Our experiments show that MeshCast can support 68% higher stream rates and provides a 22% improvement in buffering delay over the recently proposed Chainsaw protocol for a heterogeneous node bandwidth distribution.
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Erlang
Venue: Annual ERLANG Workshop (2006)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 5th ACM SIGPLAN Erlang Workshop -- Erlang'06. This year's workshop continues the tradition of being co-located with the annual International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP), and being a forum for the presentation of research theory, implementation and applications of the Erlang programming language.The call for papers attracted a total of 11 submissions and all submissions were reviewed by at least three program committee members. The program committee accepted 7 papers that cover a variety of topics, including language aspects, applications and testing. The program committee also invited four talks on current Erlang research in these areas, and a tutorial on large-scale software engineering with advanced Erlang/OTP.
A high-throughput, memory efficient architecture for computing the tile-based 2D discrete wavelet transform for the JPEG2000
Authors: G. Dimitroulakos, M. D. Galanis, A. Milidonis, C. E. Goutis
Venue: Integration, the VLSI Journal (2005)

In this paper, the design and implementation of an optimized hardware architecture in terms of speed and memory requirements for computing the tile-based 2D forward discrete wavelet transform for the JPEG2000 image compression standard, are described. The proposed architecture is based on a well-known architecture template for calculating the 2D forward discrete wavelet transform. This architecture is derived by replacing the filtering units by our previously published throughput-optimized ones and by developing a scheduling algorithm suited to the special features of our filtering units. The architecture exhibits high-performance characteristics due to the throughput-optimized filters. Also, the extra clock cycles required due to the tile-based version of the discrete wavelet transform are partially compensated by the proper scheduling of the filters. The developed scheduling algorithm results in reduced memory requirements compared with existing architectures.
Distance estimations in static images: does viewing distance matter?
Authors: Dayang Rohaya Awang Rambli, Roy S. Kalawsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI (2006)

Previous research has examined the effect of display size on distance estimation in static images and demonstrated that display size affects participant's distance estimate task performance. Several other researches have also reported similar outcomes. Examination of the experimental setups of these early researchers suggests that other factors may also contribute to the effect. In this paper, we report our investigations that extend the earlier research by examining the contribution of other factor such as viewing distance and physiological cues. By fixing the viewing distance of the observer, our research indicates that viewing distance (and physiological cues) does influence distance estimation. The large magnitude of effect size for display size factor however suggested that display size still constitutes a major influence in distance estimation task
Personal Learning Assistant Agents in the Business Process Domain
Authors: M. Brian Blake
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Each time an employee enters a new business endeavor, he/she is required to learn new tasks and processes. Learning in the workplace can be as simple as learning the task of logging onto your computer and as complex as learning a multi-week business process. Across an enterprise organization, many individuals will be required to learn the same or similar operational processes. Since human beings are unique in there learning styles, it is essential that training techniques be customized to enhance human learning performance across a diverse workforce. Intelligent agents represent an emerging paradigm where adaptive task selection is coupled with autonomous control. Agents represent a promising technology for delivering specialized training to their human counterparts by customizing instructions in multiple modalities. Insight into how an individual learns a specific business process can be used to enhance that business process for the best performance. This paper discusses the rationale for a personal learning assistant agent customized for business processes.
An estimation method for the Neyman chi-square divergence with application to test of hypotheses
Authors: M. Broniatowski, S. Leorato
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2006)

We propose a new definition of the Neyman chi-square divergence between distributions. Based on convexity properties and duality, this version of the χ2 is well suited both for the classical applications of the χ2 for the analysis of contingency tables and for the statistical tests in parametric models, for which it is advocated to be robust against outliers.We present two applications in testing. In the first one, we deal with goodness-of-fit tests for finite and infinite numbers of linear constraints; in the second one, we apply χ2-methodology to parametric testing against contamination.
Replicated Server Placement with QoS Constraints
Authors: Georgios Rodolakis Stavroula Siachalou Leonidas Georgiadis
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2006)

The network planning problem of placing replicated servers with QoS constraints is considered. Each server site may consist of multiple server types with varying capacities and each site can be placed in any location among those belonging to a given set. Each client can be served by more than one location as long as the round-trip delay of data requests satisfies predetermined upper bounds. Our main focus is to minimize the cost of using the servers and utilizing the link bandwidth, while serving requests according to their delay constraint. This is an NP-hard problem. A pseudopolynomial and a polynomial algorithm that provide guaranteed approximation factors with respect to the optimal for the problem at hand are presented.
A survey of data resources for simulating patient flows in healthcare delivery systems
Authors: K. Preston White,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Modeling and simulation studies of patient flows in healthcare systems have been reported consistently in these Proceedings for over a decade. Our ongoing research in this area is motivated by our desire to develop models which will illuminate the causes and remedies for repeated area-wide ambulance diversions experienced in a metropolitan hospital system. In this paper we summarize our background research on the sources of data available to calibrate patient-flow simulation models, including time series for patient admission, discharge, diagnoses, length-of-stay, and inpatient census for emergency departments and hospitals. Specifically, we review the input analyses reported for various prior simulation studies, including data capture and technical difficulties in reducing data for model calibration. We also suggest alternative sources of data that could prove especially useful in simulation studies of mass ambulance diversions, as well as heavy, area-wide patient loads that might be associated with emergency responses.
Simulation and Evaluation of a New Algorithm of Worm Detection and Containment
Authors: Xiong Yang, Jing Lu, Yuguang Zhu, Ping Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

Internet worm attacks have become increasingly more frequent and have caused enormous damage to the Internet community during the past years. A new security service that monitors the ongoing worm activities on the Internet and restricts the worm spreading rate automatically will greatly contribute to the security management of modern enterprise networks. Based on the comparison and analysis of many worm detection and containment strategies, a new and effective algorithm of detecting and containing network worms is proposed in this paper. The principle of this effective algorithm is an improved two rotation process to detect and contain worms. The simulation result of the algorithm is demonstrated so effectively to detect and slow down the rapid scanning worm and "stealthy" worm whose propagation rate is slower than the former. In order to reduce the number of false positives, the impact of normal network activities is also concerned. Finally, the simulation also analyzes the performance of detecting worms of the algorithm under normal and congestive network background.
An Approach for Detecting Learning Styles in Learning Management Systems
Authors: Sabine Graf, Prof. Kinshuk
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Detecting the needs of learners is a challenging but essential task to be able to provide adaptivity. In this paper we present a tool that enables learning management systems (LMS) to detect learning styles based on the behavior of learners during an online course. By calculating the learning styles and filling the student model of LMS with such personal data, a basis for adaptivity is provided.
Meta-searches in peer-to-peer networks
Authors: Juha Lehikoinen, Ilkka Salminen, Antti Aaltonen, Pertti Huuskonen, Juha Kaario
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (2006)

We propose a method for carrying out enhanced collaborative searches, called meta-searches, in peer-to-peer networks. In addition to performing regular searches, our method supports searches based on other network users&#x2019; previous searches on the same or similar topic. In essence, when a user performs a search, s/he will receive not only the usual result set, but also information on other users&#x2019; previous results, as well as relevancy information (such as how many times a resource that appeared in the result set was successfully downloaded). The core components of meta-search are query relevancy calculation, query matching algorithms, and relevancy file format. In this paper we discuss the underlying concepts and principles, and describe the component design in detail. Meta-search provides a way of benefiting from other users&#x2019; successful searches without any additional effort, thus potentially improving the efficiency and experience of a search.
Incremental updating Algorithm Based on Artificial Immune System For Mining Association Rules
Authors: Yidan Su, Xinyi Gu, Zhujuan Li
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

A new algorithm is developed based on artificial immune system and on the improved model for association rules mining. The algorithm is both scalable and efficient in discovering significant relationships in weighted settings as illustrated by experiments performed on web usage datasets. We propose a strategy for maintaining association rules in dynamic databases. This method uses weighting technique to highlight new data. The experiments have shown that our approach is efficient and promising.
Investigating Rivalry in Tele-mobile Service Industry in China: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Yueping Chen, Yongguang Zhong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

The current mobile service in China displays a highly dynamic competition between two major operators, China Mobile and China Unicom. Their market share concerning the number of subscriber is influenced by the subscriber base, service quality, pricing policy, etc. Current researches and analyses are mostly direct comparisons of the relative advantage of the two operators, in which weights of every item being compared are chosen almost arbitrarily and the dynamic relationships between these items are usually ignored. This research stands from the view of China Mobile, the bigger and earlier operator, to explore the reason of its shrinking market share after SMS (Short Message Service) becomes popular in China. The dynamics between the service quality, exchange capacity, price in the mobile service are highlighted to show how these factors influence the growth of the total mobile market and the relative advantage in the duopoly as well. Long run and short run effects of these factors are differentiated so as to make it possible to suggest some proper policies for China Mobile to keep the leadership in the market.
Automatic Drive of Limb Motor Plasticity
Authors: F. Magescas, C. Prablanc
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2006)

The ability to perform accurate limb movements may require learning mechanisms that continually tune the motor system. In the current study, we isolate a form of pure limb motor plasticity. Participants reached to targets that were turned off just after the onset of an initial eye movement, reappearing at a new location at the end of the reaching movement. In contrast to classical prism or virtual reality paradigms, our task eliminated sensory adaptation by always maintaining a congruency between the seen and felt limb position. We also minimized awareness and potential adaptation processes on the basis of volitional strategies by progressively increasing the size of the target perturbations. In this manner, our adaptation procedure mimicked conditions used to study saccadic adaptation. The results indicated that adaptation under these conditions led to a robust after-effect that generalized to a large range of movements within the workspace. This fully natural, nonimposed generalization of adaptation is not expressed in a spatial coordinate system, but more likely in a joint-centered coordinate space.