ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Hardware and Software Techniques for Controlling DRAM Power Modes
Authors: Victor Delaluz, Mahmut Kandemir, N. Vijaykrishnan, Anand Sivasubramaniam, Mary Jane Irwin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2001)

The anticipated explosive growth of pervasive and mobile computing devices that are typically constrained by energy has brought hardware and software techniques for energy conservation into the spotlight. While there have been several studies and proposals for energy conservation for CPUs and peripherals, energy optimization techniques for selective operating mode control of DRAMs have not been fully explored. It has been shown that, for some systems, as much as 90 percent of overall system energy (excluding I/O) is consumed by the DRAM modules, thus, they serve as a good candidate for energy optimizations. Further, DRAM technology has also matured to provide several low energy operating modes (power modes), making it an opportunistic moment to conduct studies exploring the potential benefits of mode control techniques. This paper conducts an in-depth investigation of software and hardware techniques to take advantage of the DRAM mode control capabilities at a module granularity for energy savings. Using a memory system architecture capturing five different energy modes and corresponding resynchronization times, this paper presents several novel compilation techniques to both cluster the data across memory banks as well as to detect module idleness and perform energy mode transitions. In addition, hardware-assisted approaches (called self-monitoring) based on predictions of module interaccess times are proposed. These techniques are extensively evaluated using a set of a dozen benchmarks. It is shown that we get an average of 61 percent savings in DRAM energy using compiler-directed mode control. One of the self-monitored approaches gives as much as 89 percent savings (72 percent on the average), coming as close as 8.8 percent to the optimal energy savings that one can expect with DRAM module mode control. The optimization techniques are demonstrated to be invaluable for energy savings as memory technologies continue to evolve.
HutchWorld: clinical study of computer-mediated social support for cancer patients and their caregivers
Authors: Shelly Farnham, Lili Cheng, Linda Stone, Melora Zaner-Godsey, Christopher Hibbeln, Karen Syrjala, Ann Marie Clark, Janet Abrams
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves (2002)

To address the needs of cancer patients and their caregivers, Microsoft Research and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center developed HutchWorld, an online community environment, to provide computer-mediated social and informational support. In a controlled clinical study, we deployed HutchWorld to bone marrow transplant patients and their caregivers and assessed the impact of Internet access and HutchWorld on their quality of life. We found that Internet access and the use of HutchWorld helped to buffer study participants against reductions in life satisfaction and social support following the transplant procedure. In particular, participants used the Internet to seek out support from family and friends
Strategic Enterprise Management, 1st edition
Authors: Roy T. Varughese
Venue:  (1997)

:This valuable book is packed with effective business and technical strategies for managing any information technology infrastructure. Varughese expertly reveals how technology, processes and people interrelate in this complex area, with in-depth attention to the roles played by economics and systems architecture. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Excel 97
Authors: Eni Publishing Ltd
Venue:  (1999)

:user level : beginner to intermediate This book provides a clear and exhaustive description of your software application backed up by illustrations and concrete examples. On colour paper. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
AR Pad: an interface for face-to-face AR collaboration
Authors: D. Mogilev, K. Kiyokawa, M. Billinghurst, J. Pair
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

The AR Pad is a handheld display with a Spaceball and a camera, which can be used to view and interact with Augmented Reality models in collaborative setting.
FLAME: Formal Linear Algebra Methods Environment
Authors: John A. Gunnels, Fred G. Gustavson, Greg M. Henry, Robert A. van de Geijn
Venue: ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) (2001)

Since the advent of high-performance distributed-memory parallel computing, the need for intelligible code has become ever greater. The development and maintenance of libraries for these architectures is simply too complex to be amenable to conventional approaches to implementation. Attempts to employ traditional methodology have led, in our opinion, to the production of an abundance of anfractuous code that is difficult to maintain and almost impossible to upgrade.Having struggled with these issues for more than a decade, we have concluded that a solution is to apply a technique from theoretical computer science, formal derivation, to the development of high-performance linear algebra libraries. We think the resulting approach results in aesthetically pleasing, coherent code that greatly facilitates intelligent modularity and high performance while enhancing confidence in its correctness. Since the technique is language-independent, it lends itself equally well to a wide spectrum of programming languages (and paradigms) ranging from C and Fortran to C++ and Java. In this paper, we illustrate our observations by looking at the Formal Linear Algebra Methods Environment (FLAME), a framework that facilitates the derivation and implementation of linear algebra algorithms on sequential architectures. This environment demonstrates that lessons learned in the distributed-memory world can guide us toward better approaches even in the sequential world.We present performance experiments on the Intel (R) Pentium (R) III processor that demonstrate that high performance can be attained by coding at a high level of abstraction.
Mining the web for answers to natural language questions
Authors: Dragomir R. Radev, Hong Qi, Zhiping Zheng, Sasha Blair-Goldensohn, Zhu Zhang, Weiguo Fan, John Prager
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management (2001)

The web is now becoming one of the largest information and knowledge repositories. Many large scale search engines (Google, Fast, Northern Light, etc.) have emerged to help users find information. In this paper, we study how we can effectively use these existing search engines to mine the Web and discover the "correct" answers to factual natural language questions.We propose a probabilistic algorithm called QASM (Question Answering using Statistical Models) that learns the best query paraphrase of a natural language question. We validate our approach for both local and web search engines using questions from the TREC evaluation. We also show how this algorithm can be combined with another algorithm (AnSel) to produce precise answers to natural language questions.
Social Studies Resources on the Internet: A Guide for Teachers
Authors: Barbara Cohen
Venue:  (1997)

:The Internet may be the single best resource for social studies teaching. It provides an astonishingly broad collection of primary source documents, English-language newspapers from around the world, and multimedia essays that tour countries and explore historical episodes. The problem is finding the hundreds of hours necessary to plumb its depths. In Social Studies Resources on the Internet, Barbara Cohen has already done that for you. Rather than offering broad suggestions on pedagogy, her book focuses solely on Web sites. It provides the tools middle and high school teachers need to incorporate the Internet into the existing curriculum framework, explaining first how to get started on the Internet and then annotating over 1,200 of the most useful resources. The book is divided into sections corresponding to traditional social studies courses-such as U.S. History, Global Studies, and Western Europe-enabling you to easily locate those materials that match your needs. Soon you'll discover electronic texts on Western Civilization, tours of archaeological digs, groups of academics discussing the role of women in Aztec society, archives with photographs tracing the history African Americans, and so much more. The Web sites Cohen has selected are guided by a specific approach to pedagogy: students need to be informed about their history and the world around them; they need to develop critical-thinking skills; they need to recognize how an issue can be perceived reasonably from multiple perspectives. Social Studies Resources on the Internet can help you lead your students toward these objectives by providing a range of interesting and challenging resources.
Active visualization in a multidisplay immersive environment
Authors: W. Blanke, C. Bajaj
Venue: Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2002 (2002)

Building a system to actively visualize extremely large data sets on large tiled displays in a real time immersive environment involves a number of challenges. First, the system must be completely scalable to support the rendering of large data sets. Second, it must provide fast, constant frame rates regardless of user viewpoint or model orientation. Third, it must output the highest resolution imagery where it is needed. Fourth, it must have a flexible user interface to control interaction with the display. This paper presents the prototype for a system which meets all four of these criteria. It details the design of a wireless user interface in conjunction with a foveated vision application for image generation on a tiled display wall. The system emphasizes the parallel, multidisplay, and multiresolution features of the Metabuffer image composition architecture to produce interactive renderings of large data streams with fast, constant frame rates.
Models of Computation: Exploring the Power of Computing, 1st edition
Authors: John E. Savage
Venue:  (1997)

:Your book fills the gap which all of us felt existed too long. Congratulations on this excellent contribution to our field." --Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University "This is an impressive book. The subject has been thoroughly researched and carefully presented. All the machine models central to the modern theory of computation are covered in depth; many for the first time in textbook form. Readers will learn a great deal from the wealth of interesting material presented." --Andrew C. Yao, Professor of Computer Science, Princeton University "Models of Computation" is an excellent new book that thoroughly covers the theory of computation including significant recent material and presents it all with insightful new approaches. This long-awaited book will serve as a milestone for the theory community." --Akira Maruoka, Professor of Information Sciences, Tohoku University "This is computer science." --Elliot Winard, Student, Brown University In Models of Computation: Exploring the Power of Computing, John Savage re-examines theoretical computer science, offering a fresh approach that gives priority to resource tradeoffs and complexity classifications over the structure of machines and their relationships to languages. This viewpoint reflects a pedagogy motivated by the growing importance of computational models that are more realistic than the abstract ones studied in the 1950s, '60s and early '70s. Assuming onlysome background in computer organization, Models of Computation uses circuits to simulate machines with memory, thereby making possible an early discussion of P-complete and NP-complete problems. Circuits are also used to demonstrate that tradeoffs between parameters of computation, such as space and time, regulate all computations by machines with memory. Full coverage of formal languages and automata is included along with a substantive treatment of computability. Topics such as space-time tradeoffs, memory hierarchies, parallel computation, and circuit complexity, are integrated throughout the text with an emphasis on finite problems and concrete computational models FEATURES: Includes introductory material for a first course on theoretical computer science. Builds on computer organization to provide an early introduction to P-complete and NP-complete problems. Includes a concise, modern presentation of regular, context-free and phrase-structure grammars, parsing, finite automata, pushdown automata, and computability. Includes an extensive, modern coverage of complexity classes. Provides an introduction to the advanced topics of space-time tradeoffs, memory hierarchies, parallel computation, the VLSI model, and circuit complexity, with parallelism integrated throughout. Contains over 200 figures and over 400 exercises along with an extensive bibliography. ** Instructor's materials are available from your sales rep. If you do not know your local sales representative, please call 1-800-552-2499 for assistance, or use the Addison Wesley Longman rep-locator at ...
IIs 4 Administrator's Handbook, 1st edition
Authors: David Iseminger
Venue:  (1999)

:Your company wants that Web site back onlineimmediately. Sound familiar? This book is the book that will bail you outa one-stop nuts-and-bolts reference that puts real-world solutions at your fingertips. Organized and packed with crystal-clear action steps.
10 Minute Guide to CompuServe
Authors: Philip Reed
Venue:  (1994)

:Organized in clear, 10-minute lessons, this handy guide helps readers get the most out of CompuServe. Users learn how to log on, send and receive mail, use the special interest forums, check news, weather and sports, and more.Covers all the essential features of CompuServe, plus setting up custom menus for quicker accessLessons are in simple English and take 10 minutes or less to completeLoaded with Timesaver Tips, Panic Button advice, and more The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Microcontroller Cookbook, 2nd edition
Authors: Mike James
Venue:  (2000)

: Offers practical solutions to real problems Covers all aspects of problem solving Allows the user to make the most of microcontrollers About The AuthorThe practical solutions to real problems shown in this cookbook provide the basis to make PIC and 8051 devices really work. Capabilities of the variants are examined, and ways to enhance these are shown. A survey of common interface devices and a description of programming models lead on to a section on development techniques. The cookbook offers an introduction that will allow any user, novice or experienced, to make the most of microcontrollers. The book covers all the aspects of problem-solving with a microcontroller. The Intel 8051 and PIC families, both of which are in common use, are thoroughly explained, as are the most prevalent interface devices and the necessary software. At the end of the book common problems are discussed to show the software segments needed to solve them, thus allowing the student or engineer to look up the appropriate hardware or software solution. About The Author
Physical hierarchy generation with routing congestion control
Authors: Chin-Chih Chang, Jason Cong, Zhigang (David) Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Physical design (2002)

In this paper, we develop a multi-level physical hierarchy generation (mPG) algorithm integrated with fast incremental global routing for directly updating and optimizing congestion cost during placement. The fast global routing is achieved by using a fast two-bend routing and incremental A-tree algorithm. The routing congestion is modeled by the wire usage estimated by the fast global router. A hierarchical area density control is also developed for placing objects with significant size variations. Experimental results show that, compared to Gordian-L, the wire length driven mPG is 3-6.5 times faster and generates slightly better wire length for test circuits larger than 100K cells. Moreover, the congestion driven mPG improves 50% wiring overflow with 5% larger bounding box wire length but 3-6% shorter routing wire length measured by graph based A-tree.
Cryptography: Theory and Practice, 1st edition
Authors: Douglas R. Stinson
Venue:  (1995)

:The object of the book is to produce a general, comprehensive textbook that treats all the essential core areas of cryptography.
Developing Applications with Microsoft Office95, 2nd edition
Authors: Christine Solomon
Venue:  (1995)

:This comprehensive handbook teaches you how to use the programming tools in Microsoft Excel, Access, Word, and PowerPoint to build and maintain powerful, elegant business applications. Abundant sample code and more than a dozen fully functional sample applications, built with Office products and Microsoft Visual Basic, are included. More than just a primer on writing Office-based applications, the book covers strategies for the design and development of mission-critical applications; integration issues; and end-user training, presentation, and documentation. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A micro-debugger for Eclipse computers
Authors: Daniel Martin
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual Southeast regional conference (1978)

A micro-debugger for a Data General Eclipse S/200 computer is described. The Eclipse computer is a microprogrammable device with 56 bits/control word. No software for the WCS option is provided by the manufacturer. Since many microprograms contain errors which announce themselves only by causing the system to crash, and since the microprogrammer can access registers which are invisible to AL programmers, it is difficult to locate errors in microprograms. The micro-debugger is a set of ALGOL, Assembly Language and microcode routines which can ease the task of testing microprograms. It is a major modification of the MSU microassembler which allows setting of micro-breakpoints, display of all registers which are available to the microprogrammer, and interactive modification of these registers and core memory locations. It can be used with the standard symbolic debugger supplied by Data General to provide a powerful tool for checking and testing microprograms.
Internet and Electronic Commerce Law in the European Union
Authors: John Dickie
Venue:  (1999)

:This book outlines and analyses the legislative activity of the Union in an area which is currently experiencing exponential growth in terms of both commercial activity and legal significance. The scope of the book is current, pending and proposed Internet-related law on contracts, copyright, data protection, commercial communications, financial services, electronic cash and electronic signatures.. "This book will be of interest to all those engaged with Union and Internet law whether from an academic commercial or policy perspective.
3D Studio Max R3 Bible, 1st edition
Authors: Kelly L. Murdock
Venue:  (1999)

:With it's sparse manual and hefty price tag, don't let Studio Max get you down. This is the perfect companion to the highly popular animation program, featuring information on creating advanced 3D models, molding and editing models, usage of light, shadows and effects, and more. A 100 percent useful tool.
Computing Essentials, 1st edition
Authors: Don Cassel
Venue:  (1996)

:When the user has completed the book, he/she will have mastered the fundamental activities required of a competent user of the software.Lessons contain brief discussions about the program's features followed by a practice session which is a step-by-step tutorial that takes the reader through a hands-on session on the computer. A session consists of actual commands, mouse clicks, or keystrokes that guide the reader through the tutorial.
On Comparisons of Random, Partition, and Proportional Partition Testing
Authors: Simeon C. Ntafos
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2001)

Early studies of random versus partition testing used the probability of detecting at least one failure as a measure of test effectiveness and indicated that partition testing is not significantly more effective than random testing. More recent studies have focused on proportional partition testing because a proportional allocation of the test cases (according to the probabilities of the subdomains) can guarantee that partition testing will perform at least as well as random testing. In this paper, we show that this goal for partition testing is not a worthwhile one. Guaranteeing that partition testing has at least as high a probability of detecting a failure comes at the expense of decreasing its relative advantage over random testing. We then discuss other problems with previous studies and show that failure to include important factors (cost, relative effectiveness) can lead to misleading results.
Write Your Own Programming Language Using C++, 2nd edition
Authors: Norman E. Smith
Venue:  (1996)

:Learn how to create your own applications language that will work with your C++ or Turbo/Borland C++ programs. With this knowledge, you will be able to provide a useful set of commands to users of your programs to increase their speed, flexibility and ease of use. A companion diskette with source code examples is included.
Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System, 1st edition
Authors: Dan Schiller
Venue:  (1999)

:Cyberspace not only exemplifies but spearheads the greater political economy of which it has become such a critical part. The networks that comprise cyberspace were originally created at the behest of government agencies, military contractors, and allied educational institutions. However, over the past generation or so, a growing number of these networks began to serve primarily corporate users. Under the sway of an expansionary market logic, the Internet began a political-economic transition toward what Dan Schiller calls "digital capitalism." Schiller traces these metamorphoses through three critically important and interlinked realms. Parts I and II deal with the overwhelmingly "neoliberal" or market-driven policies that influence and govern the telecommunications system and their empowerment of transnational corporations while at the same time exacerbating exisiting social inequalities. Part III shows how cyberspace offers uniquely supple instruments with which to cultivate and deepen consumerism on a transnational scale, especially among privileged groups. Finally, Part IV shows how digital capitalism has already overtaken education, placing it at the mercy of a proprietary market logic.