ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Chubby lock service for loosely-coupled distributed systems
Authors: Mike Burrows
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 7 (2006)

We describe our experiences with the Chubby lock service, which is intended to provide coarse-grained locking as well as reliable (though low-volume) storage for a loosely-coupled distributed system. Chubby provides an interface much like a distributed file system with advisory locks, but the design emphasis is on availability and reliability, as opposed to high performance. Many instances of the service have been used for over a year, with several of them each handling a few tens of thousands of clients concurrently. The paper describes the initial design and expected use, compares it with actual use, and explains how the design had to be modified to accommodate the differences.
A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrix using constrained adaptive filters
Authors: O. Hoshuyama
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive beamformer applicable to microphone arrays. The proposed beamformer is a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with a variable blocking matrix using coefficient-constrained adaptive digital filters (CCADFs). The CCADFs minimize leakage of target signal into the interference path of the GSC. Each coefficient of the CCADFs is constrained to avoid mistracking. The input signal to all the CCADFs is the output of a fixed beamformer. In a multiple-input canceller, leaky ADFs are used to decrease undesirable target-signal cancellation. The proposed beamformer can allow large look-direction error with almost no degradation in interference-reduction performance and can be implemented with a small number of microphones. The maximum allowable look-direction error can be specified by the user. Simulation results show that the proposed beamformer designed to allow about 20 degrees of look-direction error can suppress interference by more than 17 dB.
Towards high-performance word sense disambiguation by combining rich linguistic knowledge and machine learning approaches
Authors: Martha Stone Palmer
Venue:  (2006)

Supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) for truly polysemous words (in contrast to homonyms) is difficult for machine learning, mainly due to two problems: the lack of sense-tagged training data and the sparsity of the matrix of observed instances vs. features. At the same time, high accuracy is necessary for WSD to be beneficial for high-level applications, such as information retrieval, question answering, and machine translation. This paper addresses the above two problems through combining rich linguistic knowledge and machine learning methods.Our work has two major contributions. First, we propose and demonstrate empirically evidence that careful design and generation of linguistically motivated features help to alleviate the data sparseness inherent in WSD. We built a supervised WSD system by using a smoothed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and linguistically motivated features (e.g., the semantic categories of a verb's noun phrase (NP) arguments). With three specific enhancements to automatic feature generation, our system achieved the best published results in an evaluation using the SENSEVAL2 English verbs with fine-grained senses (64.6% accuracy; 16.7 senses on average). We then developed a WSD-based feature generation method to filter out semantic features associated with irrelevant senses of a verb's NP arguments, which improved the system performance on verbs whose senses rely heavily on their NP arguments. To generalize semantic features, we developed a new clustering algorithm that automatically acquires semantically coherent noun groups from large text corpora. Using semantic features associated with these noun groups improved our system's performance further.The second contribution of our work is showing the effectiveness of active learning in the creation of more labeled training data for supervised WSD. Our experiments showed that two uncertainty-based active learning methods, combined with the smoothed MaxEnt model, reduced the required training data by 1/2 to 3/4 when learning coarse-grained English verb senses, suggesting the high potential of active learning in reducing sense annotation effort and facilitating the development of a broad coverage high performance supervised WSD system.
Developments in large vocabulary, continuous speech recognition of German
Authors: M. Adda-Decker, G. Adda, L. Lamel, J. L. Gauvain
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

We describe our large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system for the German language, the development of which was partly carried out within the context of the European LRE project 62-058 SQALE. The recognition system is the LIMSI recognizer originally developed for French and American English, which has been adapted to German. Specificities of German, as relevant to the recognition system, are presented. These specificities have been accounted for during the recognizer's adaptation process. We present experimental results on a first test set ger-dev95 to measure progress in system development. Results are given with the final system using different acoustic model sets on two test sets ger-dev95 and ger-eval95. This system achieved a word error rate of 17.3% (official word error rate of 16.1% after SQALE adjudication process) on the ger-eval95 test set.
A Real Time Price Signal for FACTS Devices to Reduce Transmission Congestion
Authors: Judith Cardell
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The challenge of operating the electric power system while not being able to directly control power flows on the transmission grid is exacerbated as industry restructuring substantially alters the use of the aging transmission system. This paper investigates the use of a proposed closed-loop price signal that integrates FACTS devices into the real time electricity market with the objective of decreasing congestion as needed in real time to facilitate scheduled power flows and improve the transfer capability of the high voltage grid. Dynamic models of the power system are developed, and simulation results demonstrate FACTS devices responding to nodal price and transmission constraint information. These results are intended to be useful to system operators as well as to policy makers and regulators interested in developing methods for transmission system operation that minimize congestion in order to allow scheduled power transactions to flow.
Constructing a BPM Environment with BPMN
Authors: Ching-Hong Tsai, How-Jen Luo, Feng-Jian Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (2007)

Workflow at its simplest is the movement of documents or tasks through a work process with automation for achieving certain goals. Many efforts have been spent by both industry and academia in attempting to define a common representation of a business process based on the concept of workflow. In 2005, Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a business process language developed by OMG & WfMC which satisfies the goal. However, BPMN supports only the concepts & notations for modeling. Several real concerns for business purposes are out of scope of BPMN. Besides, it needs many efforts for the implementations of a BPMN environment. Here we present one simple approach to construct a Business Process Management System, BPMS, based on BPMN. In our approach, we developed a conceptual workflow model, BPMN*, a BPMN with some constraints, for the specification of a BPMs. The BPMN* specification is then translated into another specification, based on Cooperative Agentflow Process LANguage (CA-PLAN) and executable in a WFMS, Agentflow, developed in our laboratory. We have developed a specification tool for BPMN*. In the future, we will examine the functions of the tools in Agentflow based on BPMN* and upgrade the related feature for necessity
On parallel and serial concatenated convolutional codes over GF(4)
Authors: A. Ghrayeb, T. Abualrub
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 01 (2002)

We compare the asymptotic performance of parallel concatenated codes (PCCs) and serial concatenated codes (SCCs) over GF(4). We construct such codes using optimal nonbinary convolutional codes where optimality is in the sense of achieving the largest minimum distance for a fixed number of encoder states. Code rates of the form K/sub 0//(K/sub 0/ + 1) for K/sub 0/ = 1, 8, and 64 are considered. For all of these code rates, we find the minimum distance and its multiplicity for both concatenated code systems. This is accomplished by feeding the encoder with all possible weight-two and weight-three input information patterns and monitoring, at the output of the encoder, the weight of the corresponding codewords and their multiplicity. Our analytical results indicate that the SCC codes outperform their counterpart PCC codes with much lower complexity.
Cartesian feedback loop chip for the narrow-band radio system
Authors: Y. J. Chong, I. K. Lee, S. H. Oh
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

The Cartesian loop chip which is one of key devices in narrow-band Walky-Talky transmitter using RZ-SSB modulation method was designed and implemented with 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The reduced size and low cost of transmitter were available by the use of direct-conversion and Cartesian loop chip, which improved the power efficiency and linearity of transmitting path. In addition, low power operation was possible through CMOS technology. The performance test results of transmitter showed -23 dBc improvement of IMD level and -30 dBc below suppression of SSB characteristic in the operation of Cartesian loop chip (closed-loop). At that time, the transmitting power was about 37 dBm (5 W). The main parameters to improve the transmitting characteristic and to compensate the distortion in feed back loop such as DC offset, loop gain and phase value are interfaced with notebook PC to be controlled with S/W.
Short communication: Urban hydrology in a computer game?
Authors: Benny R. D'Artista, Ferdi L. Hellweger
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2007)

An increased interest in coupled natural and human systems motivates the simulation of dynamic interactions between humans and their environment. Simulation games often include this capability suggesting their use as research and/or educational tools, but this requires a somewhat realistic representation of environmental processes. This paper reviews the hydrology in the simulation game SimCity 4. The components of the hydrologic cycle included in the game relate mainly to drinking water supply, treatment and distribution. Groundwater, the sole source of drinking water, is present in unlimited quantity, but becomes polluted as a result of agricultural and industrial land uses. Water treatment plants are included, but in a somewhat unrealistic manner, in that they rapidly clean up aquifers in situ. The drinking water distribution infrastructure consists of water towers, pumps and pipes, but again, they are included in a somewhat unrealistic manner. Water towers and pumps both extract groundwater and are differentiated solely by their capacity, power usage and cost (rather than function). Besides for entertainment, the game should be valuable for educational purposes in lower level undergraduate courses to illustrate that/how water supply affects a city and vice versa. The general game architecture is capable of a more realistic representation and inclusion of additional components of the urban hydrologic cycle, which are discussed.
Using partial-run-time reconfigurable hardware to accelerate video processing in driver assistance system
Authors: Christopher Claus, Johannes Zeppenfeld, Florian Müller, Walter Stechele
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

In this paper we show a reconfigurable hardware architecture for the acceleration of video-based driver assistance applications in future automotive systems. The concept is based on a separation of pixel-level operations and high level application code. Pixel-level operations are accelerated by coprocessors, whereas high level application code is implemented fully programmable on standard PowerPC CPU cores to allow flexibility for new algorithms. In addition, the application code is able to dynamically reconfigure the coprocessors available on the system, allowing for a much larger set of hardware accelerated functionality than would normally fit onto a device. This process makes use of the partial dynamic reconfiguration capabilities of Xilinx Virtex FPGAs.
Triple positive solutions for some second-order boundary value problem on a measure chain
Authors: Zhanbing Bai, Xiangqian Liang, Zengji Du
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2007)

In this paper, we study the existence of three positive solutions for the second-order two-point boundary value problem on a measure chain, x^@D^@D(t)+p(t)f(t,x(@s(t)),x^@D(t))=0,t@?[t"1,t"2],a"1x(t"1)-a"2x^@D(t"1)=0,a"3x(@s(t"2))+a"4x^@D(@s(t"2))=0, where f:[t"1,@s(t"2)]x[0,~)xR->[0,~) is continuous and p:[t"1,@s(t"2)]->[0,~) a nonnegative function that is allowed to vanish on some subintervals of [t"1,@s(t"2)] of the measure chain. The method involves applications of a new fixed-point theorem due to Bai and Ge [Z.B. Bai, W.G. Ge, Existence of three positive solutions for some second order boundary-value problems, Comput. Math. Appl. 48 (2004) 699-707]. The emphasis is put on the nonlinear term f involved with the first order delta derivative x^@D(t).
A High-Performance, Low Leakage, and Stable SRAM Row-Based Back-Gate Biasing Scheme in FinFET Technology
Authors: Rajiv V. Joshi, Keunwoo Kim, Richard Q. Williams, Edward J. Nowak, Ching-Te Chuang
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

This paper describes back-gate biasing scheme using independent-gate controlled asymmetrical (n+/p+ polysilicon gates) FinFETs devices and its applications to 6-T and 8-T SRAM. Row-based above-VDD/below- GND bias is applied to the back-gates of the access and pull-down cell nFETs to enhance the Read/Write performance, reduce standby leakage, and mitigate process (VT) variability. The application of the technique to stacked Read transistors in 8-T SRAM is also discussed.
Reputation Management Survey
Authors: Sini Ruohomaa, Lea Kutvonen, Eleni Koutrouli
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Electronic markets, distributed peer-to-peer applications and other forms of online collaboration are all based on mutual trust, which enables transacting peers to overcome the uncertainty and risk inherent in the environment. Reputation systems provide essential input for computational trust as predictions on future behaviour based on the past actions of a peer. In order to analyze the maturity of current reputation systems, we compare eleven reputation systems within a taxonomy of the credibility aspects of a reputation system. The taxonomy covers three topics: 1) the creation and content of a recommendation, 2) the selection and use of recommenders, and 3) the interpretation and reasoning applied to the gathered information. Although we find it possible to form a trusted reputation management network over an open network environment, there are still many regulatory and technical obstacles to address. This survey reveals various good mechanisms and methods used, but the area still requires both a) formation of standard mechanisms and metrics for reputation system collaboration and b) standard metainformation of right granularity for evaluating the credibility of reputation information provided.
Effects of colored noise on the performance of linear equalizers
Authors: D. K. Borah
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1999)

The performance of equalizers depends on the discrete time model of the input signal and noise. The use of a higher sampling rate results in colored noise when the bandwidth of the noise-limiting prefilter is not sufficiently large. It is shown that the mean square error (MSE) performance of linear equalizers becomes sensitive to the decision delay when the input noise is colored, and by using the appropriate delay, a significant improvement in the MSE can be achieved. This is in contrast to the behaviour observed in the white noise case well known in the literature. This behaviour is explained in time domain by showing the contributions to the MSE from the columns of the channel convolution matrix and the noise eigenvectors. In the frequency domain, it is shown that the equalizer exploits the noise correlation to improve the MSE.
A hands-on approach to senior design class in engineering technology
Authors: R. Kumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

The following paper discusses an industry and real-world oriented approach in teaching senior design course to a multi-disciplinary class in engineering technology. The aim of the course was to make the students creatively think about a product and then manufacture it within time and fiscal constraints. This exposed the students to the challenging engineering demands encountered during product selection, design and manufacturing in a real industrial environment. Also, during product selection and manufacturing process, the creativity involved in overcoming constrained conditions brought out the entrepreneurial and managerial skills of the students. These business skills are seldom tapped in a senior design class and were added as an important feature in this course. The student groups, at the end of the course, had to present their product in front of a technical audience comprising of faculty, students and industrial representatives. The audience evaluated the presentation and this carried the major weightage during grading.
Design of stable IIR filters in the complex domain by automatic delay selection
Authors: X. Vuerinckx
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

A major problem when designing infinite impulse response (IIR) filters in the complex domain is ensuring that the filter is stable, especially when the IIR filter approximates the inverse of a non-minimum phase system, as is often the case for equalisation filters. Adding delay to the target frequency response can result in a stable filter, but up to now selecting that delay has been a matter of trial and error. This paper presents an automated method for finding this delay.
Measurement-based aggregate throughput of Bluetooth system in limited area
Authors: O. Karjalainen
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

This paper presents measurement-based calculations for actual aggregate and link throughputs of Bluetooth system. The co-interference between fully loaded piconets formed in a 10*10 sq. meter room is inspected. The results show that the maximum aggregate throughput is gained with 45 active piconets. When comparing the ideal performance with the one based on measured results best overall performance over a distance of 10 meters can be achieved using DM5, DM3 and DH1 packets for data transfer. When the distance is less than 3 meters the use of only DH packets gives the best results.
Guidelines for providing the guaranteed service in the scalability integrated service with the aggregation in the core networks
Authors: T. Sanguankotchakorn
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

One of the solutions of scalability problem in IntServ is the aggregation of IntServ traffic flows in the core networks. Since it reduces the amount of signaling data and, simultaneously leads to resource reservation in the core networks. The scalability IntServ model should provide the same service class as IntServ, though it cannot guarantee the individual flow, but, it can guarantee the group flow. This paper illustrates the guideline to compute the end-to-end delay bound and allocated buffer, which assured that no queuing loss in general. The strategy for providing the Guaranteed Service (GS) in our model, focus on the static provision of aggregation of IntServ's GS flow, does not include administrating and signaling. Our derived formula can be applied in either the Hierarchical RSVP/IntServ, IntServ over DiffServ or IntServ over ATM.
The impact of technology on engineering and computer science education in the 21/sup st/ Century: changing classroom instructional methods
Authors: S. Roach
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

The college instructor of the future will certainly have more technology, available for use in the classroom. The decision to utilize instructional technology should be based on sound principles. The three guiding principles of using technology to enable, planning to support technology, and using technology judiciously are discussed in this paper.
Towards the Wireless 2010 Vision: A Technology Roadmap
Authors: Albena Mihovska, Fanny Platbrood, George Karetsos, Sofoklis Kyriazakos, Robert Muijen, Renata Guarneri, Jorge M. Pereira
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2007)

This paper describes an envisioned technology roadmap for the development of mobile and wireless communications until the year 2010. The roadmap description is based on a 3-years study (2001---2004) and monitoring of the technological developments of characteristically chosen mobile and wireless communication areas. The final definition of the technology roadmap was based on selected areas of high value that the authors consider as the corner aspects of the evolution of mobile communications. Two main groups of areas were defined and analyzed from a technological and from a service perspective. From technological perspective the areas of high research interest include radio technologies with effect on spectrum use, access and radio interface technologies, and technologies related to mobile terminals. From service perspective, we considered interactive broadcasting, location technologies and location based services (LBS) and personalization of services. The paper identifies the open issues to be solved to realize the future of wireless communications and describes the enabling technologies for next generation communications. It identifies the technology and non-technology barriers to development, deployment, as well as guidelines for the use of technology. Finally, a visionary scenario is described to illustrate the necessary evolution of the value chain for the successful deployment of any new service or technology.