ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adapting Surneillance Video to Small Displays Via Object-Based Cropping
Authors: Luis Herranz, Jose M. Martinez
Venue: Proceedings of the Eight International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (2007)

The increasing availability of small mobile devices capable of playing video, such as PDAs and phones, makes possible their use for new video applications. In these small resolution devices, adaptation is essential to maximize the utility of the delivered content improving the user experience. Content analysis usually helps to detect the interesting parts trying to focus the adaptation on them. In this paper, we propose adaptive cropping as a useful method to deliver adapted video with the objects of interest for the user. Window filtering is used to cope with detection errors, and also to remove annoying artefacts as flickering and unnatural motion in the adaptation window. Two cases are studied: fixed size adaptation window and fixed aspect ratio adaptation window. Although the algorithms presented are generic, in this paper we focus on video surveillance sequences.
Corpus-based HIT-MW database for offline recognition of general-purpose Chinese handwritten text
Authors: Tonghua Su, Tianwen Zhang, Dejun Guan
Venue: International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (2007)

A Chinese handwriting database named HIT-MW is presented to facilitate the offline Chinese handwritten text recognition. Both the writers and the texts for handcopying are carefully sampled with a systematic scheme. To collect naturally written handwriting, forms are distributed by postal mail or middleman instead of face to face. The current version of HIT-MW includes 853 forms and 186,444 characters that are produced under an unconstrained condition without preprinted character boxes. The statistics show that the database has an excellent representation of the real handwriting. Many new applications concerning real handwriting recognition can be supported by the database.
The UVM virtual memory system
Authors: Charles D. Cranor, Gurudatta M. Parulkar
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1999)

We introduce UVM, a new virtual memory system for the BSD kernel that has an improved design that increases system performance over the old Mach-based 4.4BSD VM system. In this paper we present an overview of both UVM and the BSD VM system. We focus our discussion on the design decisions made when creating UVM and contrast the UVM design with the less efficient BSD VM design. Topics covered include mapping, memory object management, anonymous memory and copy-on-write mechanisms, and pager design. We also present an overview of virtual memory based data movement mechanisms that have been introduced in BSD by UVM. We believe that the lessons we learned from designing and implementing UVM can be applied to other kernels and large software systems. Implemented in the NetBSD operating system, UVM will completely replace BSD VMin NetBSD 1.4.
On-chip interconnect architectures: perspectives of layout, circuits, and systems
Authors: Chung-Kuan Cheng
Venue:  (2006)

With exponentially increasing integration densities and shrinking characteristic geometries on a chip, the wires, rather than devices, become the dominant factor in deciding the performance, power consumption, and reliabilities of VLSI systems. Previous researches on interconnect centric design methodologies mainly concentrate on optimizing individual nets. Instead of searching for the best algorithm to optimize each individual net, we take a view of the on-chip interconnection architectures, and improve the system performance by considering both geometrical arrangements of wires, electrical behaviors of global distribution networks, as well as adopting innovative interconnect circuit styles. Traditional Manhattan routing restricts the wires on horizontal and vertical tracks. This artificial restriction causes excessive wirelength overhead over the Euclidean optimum and thus decreases the e&plusmn;ciency of the interconnect system. We investigated the optimal way to utilize the on-chip routing layers through non-Manhattan routing. We adopted multi-commodity flow models to measure the throughput of different on-chip interconnect architectures. Through careful analysis of the bottlenecks of the on-chip communication traffic, we found that the Y-architecture (3-directional routing) enjoys a lot of nice properties over other routing architectures. We developed a design methodology for Y-architecture, including power and clock distribution and a novel way to hide the via blockage effect. Clock distribution network is one of the most important interconnect on a chip. We studied the high speed clock distribution in the presence of parameter variations. We proposed a spectrum of solutions for circuits working at different frequencies: A variations aware clock tree synthesis algorithm for high-end ASICs, a multi-level mesh approach for microprocessors, and a transmission line network approach for future multi-giga hertz chips. Simulation results suggest that these approaches significantly improve clock distribution networks' resilience against process, voltage and temperature variations. We proposed a novel scheme to implement distortionless transmission lines for on-chip electrical signaling. By introducing intentional leakage conductance between the wires of a differential pair, the distortionless transmission line eliminates dispersion caused by the resistive nature of on-chip wires and achieves speed of light transmission. We show that it is feasible to construct distortionless transmission line with conventional silicon process. Simulation results show significant improvements in both speed and power consumption over conventional RC wires with repeated buffers.
Robust face tracking by integration of two separate trackers: Skin color and facial shape
Authors: Hyung-Soo Lee, Daijin Kim
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2007)

This paper proposes a robust face tracking method based on the condensation algorithm that uses skin color and facial shape as observation measures. Two trackers are used for robust tracking: one tracks the skin color regions and the other tracks the facial shape regions. The two trackers are coupled using an importance sampling technique, where the skin color density obtained from the skin color tracker is used as the importance function to generate samples for the shape tracker. The samples of the skin color tracker within the chosen shape region are updated with higher weights. Also, an adaptive color model is used to avoid the effect of illumination change in the skin color tracker. The proposed face tracker performs more robustly than either the skin-color-based tracker or the facial shape-based tracker, given the presence of background clutter and/or illumination changes.
Exponential nonlinear Volterra filters for contrast sharpening in noisy images
Authors: R. J. P. deFigueiredo
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

This paper presents a preliminary study of a new class of nonlinear (Volterra) filters which reduce the noise in an image while simultaneously enhancing the contrast. The design of these filters draws heavily from the theory of generalized Fock (GF) spaces of Volterra series. The structure of these filters is obtained by an orthogonal projection in a GF space under the data constraints. As a consequence, even though this structure embodies an infinite Volterra series, it is represented in a closed form as a linear combination of exponentials, the exponents of which are linear functions of the input image vector.
Filter bank optimization for high-dimensional compression of pre-stack seismic data
Authors: T. Rosten
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1999)

A multi-dimensional variable-length subband coder for prestack seismic data was presented. A 2-D and 3-D separable near perfect reconstruction filter bank was optimized to maximize the coding gain, assuming that the correlation properties of pre-stack seismic data can be modeled by directional dependent autoregressive processes. Identical quantization and entropy coder allocation strategies were utilized to isolate the compression efficiency of the different high-dimensional filter bank methods. An example, with compression ratios ranging from 160:1 to 320:1, showed that 3-D subband coding of common shot gathers performed 50% better in terms of bit rate at a given signal-to-noise ratio compared to 2-D subband coding of common shot gathers.
Hand gestures for HCI using ICA of EMG
Authors: Ganesh R. Naik, Dinesh Kant Kumar, Vijay Pal Singh, Marimuthu Palaniswami
Venue: Proceedings of the HCSNet workshop on Use of vision in human-computer interaction - Volume 56 (2006)

Aiming at the use of hand gestures for human-computer interaction, this paper presents an approach to identify hand gestures using muscle activity separated from electromyogram (EMG) using independent component analysis. While there are a number of previous reported works where EMG has been used to identify movement, the limitation of the earlier works is that the systems are suitable for gross actions, and when there is one prime-mover muscle involved. This paper reports overcoming the difficulty by using independent component analysis to separate muscle activity from different muscles and classified using backpropogation neural networks. The paper reports experimental results where the system was accurately able to identify the hand gesture using this technique for all the experiments (100%). The system has been shown not to be sensitive to electrode position as the experiments were repeated on different days. The advantage of such a system is that it is easy to train by a lay user, and can easily be implemented in real time after the initial training.
New safety critical radio altimeter for airbus and related design flow
Authors: D. Hairion, S. Emeriau, E. Combot, M. Sarlotte
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

The latest generation of the ERT560 Digital Radio Altimeter (DRA) developed for the Airbus A380 is the result of Thales' 40 years experience. Over 40,000 radio-altimeters have been produced over that period based on dual technology, meeting the stringent requirements of the civil aircraft. This new version takes advantages of the FPGA technology to implement the main treatment of the equipment. The present article introduces the main capabilities of the ERT560 product and focus on the FPGA which is the key element of the safety critical analysis of the radio-altimeter. Then the paper presents the application of the new "design Assurance guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware (DO254) which has been raised in 2000 (this guide is the equivalent for the HW of the DO178B for the SW). DO254 related activities are mainly developed such as a dedicated workflow, validation (give evidence of the completeness and correctness of all design life cycle outputs) and verification (evaluation of an implementation of requirements to determine that they have been met) and also verification tool qualification.
New Instructor's System of the Paks Full-Scope Training Simulator
Authors: Janos Sebestyen Janosy, Burger Gaborne, Vegh Endre
Venue: Proceedings of the First Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (2007)

The Paks full-scope training simulator has been in service since 1988. In the last almost two decades practically every element of the simulator has been upgraded, replaced because the fast development of the computer techniques made the solution a great amount earlier unsolvable problems possible. Moreover, the requirements against the simulator have also changed. Originally the simulator was used only for training the operating personnel of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, but now it is used as a "test bed" for new systems prior their installation on the real plant, too. The first such testing was the replacement of the Reactor Protection System with a new computerized one. For this reason the scope of the models had to be extended to cover the severe accidents, which needed a much more powerful simulator computer than the original one. The outdated control room interface system had to be replaced by a new one, because spare parts became unattainable and its service required very high cost. Only the instructor's system remained in its original form. Now the old Instructor's system has been replaced as well. All the old functions were realised by convenient full-graphic Man-Machine Interface tools. The paper describes in detail the newly added functionalities of he Instructor's system, too.
MPI-F: An Efficient Implementation of MPI on IBM-SP1
Authors: Hubertus Franke, Peter Hochschild, Pratap Pattnaik, Marc Snir
Venue: Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 03 (1994)

This article introduces MPI-F an efficient implementation of MPI on the IBM-SP1 distributed memory cluster. After discussing the novel and key concepts of MPI and how they relate to an implementation, the MPI-F system architecture is outlined in detail. Although many incorrectly assume that MPI will not be efficient due to its increased functionality, MPI-F performance demonstrates efficiency as good as the best message passing library currently available on the SP1.
Analysis of commutation errors for functions with low regularity
Authors: Luigi C. Berselli, Carlo R. Grisanti, Volker John
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2007)

Commutation errors arise in the derivation of the space averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the basic equations for the large eddy simulation of turbulent flows, if the filter is non-uniform or asymmetric (skewed) with non-constant skewness. These errors need to be analyzed for turbulent flow fields, where one expects a limited regularity of the solution. This paper studies the order of convergence of commutation errors, as the filter width tends to zero, for functions with low regularity. Several convergence results are proved and it is also shown that convergence may fail (or its order decreases) if the functions become less smooth. The main results are those dealing with Holder-continuous functions and with functions having singularities. The sharpness of the analytic results is confirmed with numerical illustrations.
High Performance Distributed Lock Management Services using Network-based Remote Atomic Operations
Authors: S. Narravula, A. Marnidala, A. Vishnu, K. Vaidyanathan, D. K. Panda
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2007)

Recently there has been a massive increase in computing requirements for parallel applications. These parallel applications and supporting cluster services often need to share system-wide resources. The coordination of these applications is typically managed by a distributed lock manager. The performanceo f the lock manager is extremely critical for application performance. Researchers have shown that the use of two sided communication pmtocols, like TCPLP (used by current generation lock managers), can have significant impact on the scalability of distributed lock managers. In addition, existing onesided communication based locking designs support locking in exclusive access mode only and can pose significant scalability limitations on applications that need both shared and exclusive access modes like cooperative file-system caching. Hence the utility of these existing designs in high performance scenarios can be limited. In this paper, we present a novel pmtocol, for distributed locking services, utilizing the advanced network-level one-sided atomic operations provided by infiniBand. Our approach augments existing approaches by eliminating the need for two sided communication protocols in the critical locking path. Further, we also demonstrate that our approach provides significantly higher performance in scenarios needing both shared and exclusive mode access to resources. Our experimental results show 39% improvement in basic locking latencies over traditional sendhceive based implementations. Further, we also observe a signijicant (upto 3I 7% for I6 nodes) improvement over existing RDMA based distributed queuing schemes for shared mode locking scenarios.
Are quadratic time-frequency representations really necessary?
Authors: M. D. Zoltowski
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

Quadratic time frequency representations (TFRs), such as the Wigner-Ville function (WVF), have been promoted as alternatives to linear TFRs, such as the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), due to their apparent higher resolution time-vs-frequency feature localization capabilities. However, this is achieved at the price of cross term artifacts and, as this paper indicates, the improvement in time-frequency resolution is only at best a factor of two. Two new two-dimensional (2-D) functions, the windowed data function (WDF) and the complex WDF transform (CWT), are introduced which permit high-resolution 2-D spectral analysis techniques to be applied to create new linear TFRs which have no cross term artifacts while achieving higher resolution than quadratic TFRs. This raises the question as to the need for quadratic TFR techniques.
A new approach to testing an integrated water systems model using qualitative scenarios
Authors: T. G. Nguyen, J. L. de Kok, M. J. Titus
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2007)

Integrated systems models have been developed over decades, aiming to support the decision-makers in the planning and managing of natural resources. The inherent model complexity, lack of knowledge about the linkages among model components, scarcity of field data, and uncertainty involved with internal and external factors of the real system call their practical usefulness into doubt. Validation tests designed for such models are just immature, and are argued to have some characteristics that differ from the ones used for validating other types of models. A new approach for testing integrated water systems models is proposed, and applied to test the RaMCo model. Expert knowledge is elicited in the form of qualitative scenarios and translated into quantitative projections using fuzzy set theory. Trend line comparison of the projections made by the RaMCO model and the qualitative projections based on expert knowledge revealed an insufficient number of land-use types adopted by the RaMCo model. This insufficiency makes the model inadequate to describe the consequences of the changes in socio-economic factors and policy options on the erosion from the catchment and the sediment yields at the inlet of a storage lake.
Low-power channel coding via dynamic reconfiguration
Authors: M. Goel
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

Presented in this paper are energy-optimum reconfiguration strategies for channel codecs. These strategies are derived by solving an optimization problem, which has energy consumption as the objective function and a constraint on the bit error-rate (BER). Energy consumption models for a reconfigurable Reed-Solomon (RS) codec are derived via gate-level simulation of the finite field arithmetic modules. These energy models along with the BER expressions are then employed to derive the energy-optimum reconfiguration strategies. The energy savings are computed by comparing the energy consumption of the reconfigurable codec with that of the static codec. The energy savings range from 0%-83% for channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variations from 7 dB-10 dB. On an average 55% energy savings are achieved.
Evaluating the Significance of the Windows Explorer Visualization in Personal Information Management Browsing tasks
Authors: Maria Golemati, Akrivi Katifori, Eugenia G. Giannopoulou, Ilias Daradimos, Costas Vassilakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

The visualization of hierarchies is very important for digital information management and presentation systems. Especially in the context of Personal Information Management, file browsers play a very important role. Currently the most common file browser visualizations are Windows Explorer and the simple zoomable visualization offered by Microsoft Windows. This work explores the issue of file browser visualization through a user study based on interviews and an experiment.
A genetic rule-based data clustering toolkit
Authors: I. Sarafis, A. M. S. Zalzala, P. W. Trinder
Venue: Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02 (2002)

Clustering is a hard combinatorial problem and is defined as the unsupervised classification of patterns. The formation of clusters is based on the principle of maximizing the similarity between objects of the same cluster while simultaneously minimizing the similarity between objects belonging to distinct clusters. This paper presents a tool for database clustering using a rule-based genetic algorithm (RBCGA). RBCGA evolves individuals consisting of a fixed set of clustering rules, where each rule includes d non-binary intervals, one for each feature. The investigations attempt to alleviate certain drawbacks related to the classical minimization of square-error criterion by suggesting a flexible fitness function which takes into consideration, cluster asymmetry, density, coverage and homogeny.
CP-Miner: a tool for finding copy-paste and related bugs in operating system code
Authors: Zhenmin Li, Shan Lu, Suvda Myagmar, Yuanyuan Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6 (2004)

Copy-pasted code is very common in large software because programmers prefer reusing code via copy-paste in order to reduce programming effort. Recent studies show that copy-paste is prone to introducing bugs and a significant portion of operating system bugs concentrate in copy-pasted code. Unfortunately, it is challenging to efficiently identify copy-pasted code in large software. Existing copy-paste detection tools are either not scalable to large software, or cannot handle small modifications in copy-pasted code. Furthermore, few tools are available to detect copy-paste related bugs. In this paper we propose a tool, CP-Miner, that uses data mining techniques to efficiently identify copy-pasted code in large software including operating systems, and detects copy-paste related bugs. Specifically, it takes less than 20 minutes for CP-Miner to identify 190,000 copy-pasted segments in Linux and 150,000 in FreeBSD. Moreover, CP-Miner has detected 28 copy-paste related bugs in the latest version of Linux and 23 in FreeBSD. In addition, we analyze some interesting characteristics of copy-paste in Linux and FreeBSD, including the distribution of copy-pasted code across different length, granularity, modules, degrees of modification, and various software versions.