ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A drift-tolerant model for data management in ocean sensor networks
Authors: Silvia Nittel, Niki Trigoni, Konstantinos Ferentinos, Francois Neville, Arda Nural, Neal Pettigrew
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th ACM international workshop on Data engineering for wireless and mobile access (2007)

Traditional means of observing the ocean, like fixed mooring stations and radar systems, are difficult and expensive to deploy and provide coarse-grained and data measurements of currents and waves. In this paper, we explore the use of inexpensive wireless drifters as an alternative flexible infrastructure for fine-grained ocean monitoring. Surface drifters are designed specifically to move passively with the flow of water on the ocean surface and they are able to acquire sensor readings and GPS-generated positions at regular intervals. We view the fleet of drifters as a wireless ad-hoc sensor network with two types of nodes:i) a few powerful drifters with satellite connectivity, acting as mobile base-stations, and ii)a large number of low-power drifters with short-range acoustic or radio connectivity. Using real datasets from the Gulf of Maine (US) and the Liverpool Bay (UK), we study connectivity and uniformity properties of the ad-hoc mobile sensor network. We investigate the effect of deployment strategy, weather conditions as well as seasonal changes on the ability of drifters to relay readings to the end-users,and to provide sufficient sensing coverage of the monitored area. Our empirical study provides useful insights on how to design distributed routing and in-network processing algorithms tailored for ocean-monitoring sensor networks.
A Classification of Architectural Reliability Models
Authors: Roshanak Roshandel, Nenad Medvidovic
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications (2007)

With the widespread use of software systems in the modern society, reliability of these systems have become as important as the functionality they provide. Building reliability into the software development process thus becomes critical for cost effective development and quality assurance. Existing reliability models (applied in post-implementation phases) may not be suitable to address reliability analysis at the software architecture level, as they often rely on implementation-level artifacts. In this paper, we present a framework for classifying reliability models based on their applicability to architectural artifacts, and assess several representative approaches based on the proposed classification. This study highlights several areas for future research.
Dynamic Key-Updating: Privacy-Preserving Authentication for RFID Systems
Authors: Li Lu, Jinsong Han, Lei Hu, Yunhao Liu, Lionel M. Ni
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2007)

The objective of private authentication for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems is to allow valid readers to explicitly authenticate their dominated tags without leaking tags' private information. To achieve this goal, RFID tags issue encrypted authentication messages to the RFID reader, and the reader searches the key space to locate the tags. Due to the lack of efficient key updating algorithms, previous schemes are vulnerable to many active attacks, especially the compromising attack. In this paper, we propose a Strong and lightweight RFID Private Authentication protocol, SPA. By designing a novel key updating method, we achieve the forward secrecy in SPA with an efficient key search algorithm. We also show that, compared with existing designs, SPA is able to effectively defend against both passive and active attacks, including compromising attacks. Through prototype implementation, we observe that SPA is practical and scalable in current RFID infrastructures.
A master of science curriculum in forensic engineering
Authors: W. DeWitt
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

Forensic engineering is a highly specialized field of engineering practice requiring engineering expertise and knowledge of legal procedures. Forensic engineering can be defined as the application of the engineering sciences to the investigation of failures or other performance problems. Some forensic engineering projects require sworn testimony in a court of law. Thus, forensic engineers must work in both the engineering and legal arenas. In 1997, the President of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE) appointed a committee to develop guidelines for university courses in forensic engineering. The final report of the Forensic Engineering Curriculum Committee was approved by the NAFE Board of Directors in January 2000. This paper presents the results of the NAFE report. It will address the need for forensic engineering education, describe a formal graduate degree program in forensic engineering, define the capabilities of graduates, and propose a recommended plan of study. Summary ABET course outlines are included.
Using a new uncertainty measure to determine optimal bases for signal representations
Authors: T. Przebinda
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

We use a new uncertainty measure, H/sub p/, that predicts the compactness of digital signal representations to determine a good (non-orthogonal) set of basis vectors. The measure uses the entropy of the signal and its Fourier transform in a manner that is similar to the use of the signal and its Fourier transform in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The measure explains why the level of discretization of continuous basis signals can be very important to the compactness of representation. Our use of the measure indicates that a mixture of (non-orthogonal) sinusoidal and impulsive or "blocky" basis functions may be best for compactly representing signals.
Reinforcing English countability prediction with one countability per discourse property
Authors: Ryo Nagata, Koichiro Morihiro, Atsuo Kawai, Naoki Isu
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

Countability of English nouns is important in various natural language processing tasks. It especially plays an important role in machine translation since it determines the range of possible determiners. This paper proposes a method for reinforcing countability prediction by introducing a novel concept called one countability per discourse. It claims that when a noun appears more than once in a discourse, they will all share the same countability in the discourse. The basic idea of the proposed method is that mispredictions can be correctly overridden using efficiently the one countability per discourse property. Experiments show that the proposed method successfully reinforces countability prediction and outperforms other methods used for comparison.
Hardware Efficient Piecewise Linear Branch Predictor
Authors: Jiajin Tu, Jian Chen, Lizy K.John
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

Piecewise linear branch predictor has been demonstrated to have superior prediction accuracy; however, its huge hardware overhead prevents the predictor from being practical in the VLSI design. This paper presents two novel techniques targeting at reducing the hardware cost of the predictor, i.e., history skewed indexing and stack-based misprediction recovery. The former is designed to reduce the number of ahead-pipelined paths by introducing the history bits in the index of the weight table, while the latter employs stacks instead of arrays of registers to recover predictor states from misprediction. Experimental results show that history skewed indexing helps the predictor improve prediction accuracy by 5.8% at the same harware cost. Moreover, the combination of these techniques can achieve about 30% area reduction with less than 3% IPC loss compared with the original piecewise linear predictor.
Integration of design education, research and practice at Carnegie Mellon University: a multi-disciplinary course in wearable computer design
Authors: C. H. Amon, S. Finger, D. P. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 - Volume 02 (1995)

The Engineering Design Research Center (EDRC) at Carnegie Mellon University has created a two-semester design course that integrates research and education though industrially sponsored design projects. Over each of the six semesters that the course has been taught, teams of undergraduate and graduate students have designed, fabricated, and delivered a new generation of wearable computers. The Wearable Computer Design course at the EDRC is cross-disciplinary and inter-departmental, drawing students from four colleges in nine disciplines including five engineering departments (chemical engineering, civil and environmental engineering, electrical and computer engineering, mechanical engineering, and engineering and public policy), architecture, computer science, industrial administration and industrial design, The students in this course learn about design theory and practice, participate in research, and successfully deliver products to sponsors. Furthermore, the students are exposed to the complete cycle of design from concept through initial theoretical modeling and design, multi-disciplinary design tradeoffs to manufacturing, and finally to customer satisfaction and user feedback. This class also serves as a testbed for learning about the needs of a multi-disciplinary design team, for anticipating the needs of geographically-distributed design teams, for reflecting on the interplay between product design and design process, and for evaluating the design tools and design methodologies that have been developed at the EDRC. The paper describes the evolution of the Wearable Computer Design course, the integration of design education, design research and design practice in an interdepartmental course. It also describes the interplay between disciplines, between theory, practice and education, and between designers and users.
Adaptive Performance Modeling on Hierarchical Grid Computing Environments
Authors: Wahid Nasri, Luiz Angelo Steffenel, Denis Trystram
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2007)

In the past, efficient parallel algorithms have always been developed specifically for the successive generations of parallel systems (vector machines, shared-memory machines, distributed-memory machines, etc.). Today, due to many reasons, such as the inherent heterogeneity, the diversity, and the continuous evolution of the existing parallel execution supports, it is very hard to solve efficiently a target problem by using a single algorithm or to write portable programs that perform well on any computational supports. Toward this goal, we propose a generic framework based on communicationmodels and adaptive approaches in order to adaptively model performances on grid computing environments. We apply this methodology on collective communication operations and show, by achieving experiments on a real platform, that the framework provides significant performances while determining the best combination modelalgorithm depending on the problem and architecture parameters.
Location Learning for Smart Homes
Authors: Eric D. Manley, Jitender S. Deogun
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of monitoring patients in an assisted living environment. We apply machine learning techniques for localization and tracking. We consider an environment such as a smart home, assisted living facility, or recovery unit that is equipped with tiny wireless devices which interact with a device carried by the patient. These indoor, multi-room environments are well suited to learning approaches as barriers usually inhibit the operation of systems which calculate location via ranging and multilateration. The location information can be logged over time to monitor a patient's activity. Based on data collected in experiments using real-life test beds, we conduct simulations comparing the location estimation accuracy of several learning algorithms.
Detection of frequency modulated signals in Rayleigh fading channels based on time-frequency distributions
Authors: T. L. Nguyen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

One of the applications with nonlinear nonstationary signals lies in mobile communications where nonlinear information bearing signals are faded by the time-varying propagation medium. Consequently, the envelope of the received signal is often modelled by a Rayleigh distribution. This Rayleigh fading severely degrades the performance of the mobile radio transmission system. Diversity reception is currently used to cope with this effect. This paper presents an alternative method based on time-frequency representation of FM signals affected by a Rayleigh stationary random process. Wigner-Ville analysis of different types of FM signals are presented followed by simulations and comparison with other second-order time-frequency methods of the Cohen's class.
Source driven variable bit rate prototype interpolation coding
Authors: C. Xydeas, Binshi Cao
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

Current developments in high quality, low bit rate speech coders are focused at bit rates in the region of 2.4 kbps and below. This paper presents a source driven variable bit rate coding scheme which operates in conjunction with a prototype interpolation coder (PIC). The proposed SD-VBRC-PIC coder explores effectively the residual redundancy that can be found in the evolution with time trajectories of the PIC model parameters, using a variable synthesis frame size technique. Furthermore, this approach is generic and VBRC can be applied to other prototype interpolation coding systems. Computer simulation experiments show that on average up to a maximum of 30% bit rate savings can be achieved for the same recovered speech quality, as compared to the fixed bit rate of the PIC system under consideration.
Vehicle Categorization: Parts for Speed and Accuracy
Authors: E. Nowak, F. Jurie
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (2005)

In this paper we propose a framework for categorization of different types of vehicles. The difficulty comes from the high inter-class similarity and the high intra-class variability. We address this problem using a part-based recognition system. We particularly focus on the trade-off between the number of parts included in the vehicle models and the recognition rate, i.e the trade-off between fast computation and high accuracy. We propose a high-level data transformation algorithm and a feature selection scheme adapted to hierarchical SVM classifiers to improve the performance of part-based vehicle models. We have tested the proposed framework on real data acquired by infrared surveillance cameras, and on visible images too. On the infrared dataset, with the same speedup factor of 100, our accuracy is 12% better than the standard one-versus-one SVM.
"Out of the Box" Forensics Labs
Authors: Ronald C. Dodge JR, Dave Cook
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The emerging need for facilities and curriculum to prepare students and practitioners to understand, anticipate, and investigate malicious activity conducted using Internet based services and infrastructure is emerging as a high interest area and increasing in importance. Curriculum development focusing on host forensics has been discussed and written about frequently in the recent past. However the area of network forensics has largely not been included. We document in this paper our efforts at creating a physical laboratory and describe the integration of practical, example based network focused curriculum.
Fostering Asynchronous Collaborative Visualization
Authors: Francis T. Marchese, Natasha Brajkovska
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

A novel asynchronous collaborative visualization system for the chemical sciences has been created as a mash-up between an interactive visualization program and a wiki. The system supports features such as annotation, information foraging, and visualization session playback. Building the system from predefined disparate components was a simple process. Yet, as an integrated whole, the system displays an unexpected synergy beyond the sum of its parts.
Payment switches for open networks
Authors: David K. Gifford, Lawrence C. Stewart, Andrew C. Payne, G. Winfield Treese
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1 (1995)

We describe the first operational Internet payment switch that provides real-time authorization suitable for direct use by merchant servers. A payment switch is a server that creates digital representations of conventional financial instruments, and forwards authentic payment orders on these instruments to their corresponding conventional financial networks and institutions. Our payment switch provides support for time-based and item-based pricing, implements switch based authorization and settlement aggregation for micropayments, and includes an extensive customer support system in order to provide a high level of customer confidence in electronic commerce. Fraud control is based on a transaction-specific multi-level security model that accommodates existing Internet browsers. Multiple authentication technologies are applied to every transaction.
Exploiting time and frequency masking in consistent sinusoidal analysis-synthesis
Authors: R. Vafin
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

In this paper, we elaborate on the issue of analysis-synthesis consistency in sinusoidal coding. Our analysis is based on windowed sinusoids, and uses the same amplitude-complementary window as is used in the overlap-add synthesis. Reconstructions of the neighboring segments are taken into account when forming a particular analysis segment. Sinusoidal estimation is based on a perceptual criterion. In our new procedure, when analyzing the current segment we take advantage of the forward masking effect due to estimated sinusoids in the previous segments (possibly overlapping with the current segment). Experimental results verify that the number of sinusoids can be reduced significantly with our time masking model, without introducing perceptual artifacts in the reconstructed signal.
Embedded Tutorial on Low Power Test
Authors: Nicola Nicolici, Xiaoqing Wen
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE European Test Symposium (2007)

Excessive power during test affects the reliability of digital integrated circuits, test throughput and manufacturing yield. Numerous low power test methods have been investigated over the past decade and new power-aware automatic test pattern generation, design-for-test and test planning techniques have emerged. This embedded tutorial introduces the topic of low power test and it overviews the basic techniques and some recent advancements in this field.
Tutorial T1: Designing Secure SoCs
Authors: Srivaths Ravi, Stefan Mangard
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

Information security is a critical concern in a wide range of embedded computing and communications systems. Embedded systems are being used in critical applications (medical electronics, automotive systems, and avionics), where the consequence of security attacks can be severe. Several business models (e.g., distribution of multimedia content, mobile e-commerce, etc.) require an adequate level of security in the associated electronic systems in order to be viable. On the other hand, the increasing complexity and networked nature of embedded systems has led to many vulnerabilities or weaknesses that can be easily targeted for security attacks. IBM's Global Business Security Index Report (2005) projected "the aggressive spread of viruses and worms to handheld devices, cell phones, wireless networks, car and satellite systems, and other embedded computers", as a major emerging trend.
Memory Architecture Exploration for Power-Efficient 2D-Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Rahul Jain, Preeti Ranjan Panda
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) forms the core of the JPEG2000 image compression algorithm. Since the JPEG2000 compression application is heavily data-intensive, the overall power dissipation is dominated by read and write operations in the memory subsystem. The proposed architecture and computation sequence, called Low-Power Block-Scan, takes into account the EBCOT (Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation) code block size, which reduces the intermediate buffer requirement between the DWT and EBCOT modules. We have modeled the impact of different memory subsystem optimization techniques on the overall memory power for 2D-DWT computation. The proposed model explores the different data access patterns, memory bank partitioning, and custom memory architectures to arrive at a power-efficient DWT architecture.
Performance evaluation of multicast ad hoc on-demand distance vector protocol
Authors: Wesam Al Mobaideen, Hani Mahmoud Mimi, Fawaz Ahmad Masoud, Emad Qaddoura
Venue: Computer Communications (2007)

Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol (MAODV) is an on-demand multicast routing protocol that constructs a shared delivery tree to support multiple senders and receivers in a multicast session. Existing research does not address the performance evaluation of MAODV for short-lived connections. Existing research have studied the protocol assuming only long-lived connection. MAODV performance may be affected when most of the connections are short-lived ones. We show that the efficiency of delivering data packets for short-lived connection is greater than that for long-lived connections. Different performance parameters have been considered such as mobility speed, number of senders, and multicast group size. The average Latency for long-lived connection is greater than that for short-lived connections. The channel access efficiency of MAODV over long-lived connections is better than that for short-lived connections. The scalability of MAODV in short-lived situation is better than that in long-lived connection with respect to the number of senders.
Fractal nature of highway traffic data
Authors: Pengjian Shang, Meng Wan, Santi Kama
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2007)

In this paper, we applied a fractal approach to analyze the traffic data collected from the Beijing Yuquanying. The power spectrum, the empirical probability distribution function, the statistical moment scaling function and the autocorrelation function are used as indicators to investigate the presence of the fractal. The results from the fractal identification methods indicate that these data exhibit fractal behavior. A fractal framework seemed well suited for description of the data observed here, but its suitability for general traffic systems was not clear.