ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Motivating participation in internet routing overlays
Authors: Dave Levin, Randolph Baden, Cristian Lumezanu, Neil Spring, Bobby Bhattacharjee
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Economics of networked systems (2008)

PeerWise is an Internet routing overlay that reduces end-to-end latencies by allowing peers to forward through a relay instead of connecting directly to their destinations. Fundamental to PeerWise is the notion of peering agreements between two peers, wherein they agree to forward for one another. In this paper, we consider the problem of motivating users to establish and maintain peerings in a completely decentralized, scalable manner. We show that routing overlays present unique challenges and goals. For instance, since participants can always "fall back" on standard Internet routing, we must encourage users to stay in the system and maintain long-lived peering agreements. To address these challenges, we propose two mechanisms: First, we use Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to expressively negotiate peers' demands and the recourses they will take when SLAs are violated. Second, we propose a mechanism to address SLA violations that differs from the standard notion of punishment via service degradation. Our simulation results demonstrate that our mechanism causes peers to avoid SLA violators in favor of long-lived peerings. Lastly, we discuss potential, emergent behaviors in a selfish routing overlay.
A qualitative exploration of graduate students' perceptions of computer mediated clinical supervision using e-mail
Authors: Marvarene Oliver, Robert L. Smith
Venue:  (2008)

The emergence and rapid development of technology, specifically the internet and the use of e-mail, has permeated its way into counselor education and the counseling profession. Currently, there is exiguous data documenting how students make sense of their experience with technology as part of their educational experience. The purpose of the study was to explore graduate students' perceptions of computer-mediated communication as a supervision modality in addition to traditional face-to-face supervision. A sample of three master's-level counseling practicum students and three doctoral-level counseling supervisors voluntarily participated in the study. Utilizing the guiding principles of the phenomenologic discipline, participants' perceptions were examined based on data obtained from reflective journals, individual interviews, and focus group meetings. The participants indicated that communication via e-mail had limits when used as part of their educational experience.
On Constructing a Communicative Space in HRI
Authors: Claudia Muhl, Yukie Nagai, Gerhard Sagerer
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2007)

Interaction means to share a communicative space with others. Social interactions are reciprocally-oriented activities among currently present partners. An artificial system can be such a partner for humans. In this study, we investigate the effect of disturbance in human-robot interaction. Disturbance in communication is an attention shift of a partner caused by an external factor. In human-human interaction, people would cope with the problem to continue to communicate because they presuppose that the partner might get irritated and thereby shift his/her interactive orientation. Our hypothesis is that people reproduce a social attitude of reattracting the partner's attention by varying their communication channels even toward a robot. We conducted an experiment of hybrid interaction between a human and a robot simulation and analyzed it from a sociological and an engineering perspective. Our qualitative analysis revealed that people established a communicative space with our robot and accepted it as a proactive agent.
A Taxonomy for Identifying and Specifying Non-Functional Requirements in Service-Oriented Development
Authors: Matthias Galster, Eva Bucherer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Congress on Services - Part I (2008)

As in traditional software development, non-functional requirements play also a crucial role in service-oriented development. Non-functional requirements are spread across the entire service-oriented system or within individual services and cannot be allocated to one specific system / service artefact (such as a package, component). This makes them often more difficult to handle than functional requirements. The specifics of service-oriented architectures (in particular highly distributed services) bring up additional difficulties. In this paper, we present a taxonomy for non-functional requirements in a service-oriented context. The taxonomy implements three main categories of non-functional requirements: process requirements, non-functional external requirements, and non-functional service requirements. The taxonomy can be applied with individual services as well as with a service-based system as a whole. This taxonomy is considered as a starting point and check list when handling non-functional issues in service-oriented and particularly highly distributed environments.
Case-Based Decision Support for Bridge Monitoring
Authors: Bernhard Freudenthaler, Georg Gutenbrunner, Reinhard Stumptner, Josef Küng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 The Third International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (iccgi 2008) (2008)

This paper deals with the support of human expertsin making decisions in the field of bridge monitoring. Thereby, the methodology Case-based Reasoning isdescribed to develop a Decision Support System for the interpretation of measurement results of bridges. Case-based Reasoning is a cyclic problem solving method whereby already known knowledge about bridges is stored in form of cases. The system uses these cases to help the engineers in interpreting measurement results. Each bridge has different dynamic parameters. Therefore, analysis and interpretation of the raw datais very time-consuming and cost-intensive. Furthermore, the interpretation by human experts isdone in a subjective way because each engineer has different concepts and experience in the interpretation of bridge measurement data. On this account, there isa need for an intelligent Decision Support System tosupport engineers in interpreting measurement results and making decisions.
Globalization and E-Commerce: Diffusion and Impacts of the Internet and E-Commerce in Germany
Authors: Wolfgang Koenig, Rolf T. Wigand
Venue: I-WAYS - The Journal of E-Government Policy and Regulation (2004)

The diffusion of E-Commerce applications and solutions among the investigated firms in the three German industry sectors seems to have reached a high level of saturation of E-Commerce technologies. This applies more or less for both types of establishments, large as well as small and medium-sized ones (SMEs) in all of the three investigated industries (manufacturing, retail/wholesale and banking/insurance). Although a kind of E-Commerce maturity is observable, statements about the de facto usage behavior and intensity cannot be made based on the underlying survey data. In contrast to the results of the global survey, German firms less often regarded E-Commerce as an enabler for entering new markets or increasing sales at an international level. Given the existing global market orientation, German firms were already acting competitively in international markets, even in the pre-E-Commerce era. After E-Commerce solutions proved successful, SMEs were at the forefront, implementing E-Commerce applications and are therefore important drivers of innovation diffusion in Germany. Although all industry sectors are well equipped, industry-related differences remain. The manufacturing industry started from a high level of existing advanced digital technologies such as EDI or joint supply chain management systems. The retail/wholesale industry, with its large number of SMEs, can benefit more from new forms of E-Commerce such as Internet-based EDI. SMEs in this sector are able to improve their business processes more often than SMEs in other sectors where industry-related EDI standards were not in place. The banking and insurance sector heavily invests in online business models. While most benefits of online banking and brokerage appears on the customer side, firms in this sector cannot benefit in the same way. As long as banks are not able to decrease their costs, e.g., by reducing the number of branches, the multi-channel distribution strategy offers limited benefits. The relative efficient usage of E-Commerce seems to depend directly on the strategic focus of firms. While strategically unfocused firms might still be experimenting with E-Commerce applications, others are already gaining benefits from E-Commerce. SMEs as the backbone of German industry are not only able to reach the same stage of diffusion as large firms, but are also able to achieve commercial success. Especially in the retail/wholesale industry, SMEs may benefit for the first time from decreasing costs due to supply chain improvements and electronic transactions. Government and public administration as a public sector cannot be regarded as drivers of E-Commerce in Germany. Far from it, the lack of E-Commerce applications in the public sector makes electronic processes impossible for the private industry sector, resulting in additional manual coordination efforts.
Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage
Authors: Dushyanth Narayanan, Austin Donnelly, Antony Rowstron
Venue: ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) (2008)

In enterprise data centers power usage is a problem impacting server density and the total cost of ownership. Storage uses a significant fraction of the power budget and there are no widely deployed power-saving solutions for enterprise storage systems. The traditional view is that enterprise workloads make spinning disks down ineffective because idle periods are too short. We analyzed block-level traces from 36 volumes in an enterprise data center for one week and concluded that significant idle periods exist, and that they can be further increased by modifying the read/write patterns using write off-loading. Write off-loading allows write requests on spun-down disks to be temporarily redirected to persistent storage elsewhere in the data center. The key challenge is doing this transparently and efficiently at the block level, without sacrificing consistency or failure resilience. We describe our write off-loading design and implementation that achieves these goals. We evaluate it by replaying portions of our traces on a rack-based testbed. Results show that just spinning disks down when idle saves 28--36&percnt; of energy, and write off-loading further increases the savings to 45--60&percnt;.
Autoregressive coefficients based Hotelling's T2 control chart for structural health monitoring
Authors: Zengrong Wang, K. C. G. Ong
Venue: Computers and Structures (2008)

This paper presents an innovative structural health monitoring (SHM) scheme based on time series analysis and multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) techniques. The scheme consists of two major procedures, viz vibration response data representation and characteristics monitoring. First, a series of autoregressive (AR) models are fitted to the response time histories of a structure to be monitored. Representing the health condition of the structure, the coefficients of these AR models are extracted to form a set of multivariate data known as vibration response data characteristics. Hotelling's T^2 control chart is then applied to monitor these characteristics obtained. As an MSPC tool, Hotelling's T^2 control chart has the capacity of simultaneously monitoring the multivariate characteristics data without having to neglect the inherent relation between the components of the data. The efficacy of the proposed SHM scheme is demonstrated by numerically simulated acceleration time histories based on a progressively damaged reinforced concrete (RC) frame, either with or without addressing the autocorrelation in the characteristics data. The results are compared with those obtained by using univariate Shewhart X@? control chart to show the advantages of the proposed scheme in terms of the sensitivity of the defined damage indicator with respect to damage severity. A parametric study is also included to investigate the effects of the number of data points used for AR model fitting, the order of AR models, the number and location of sensors on the proposed scheme and to further illustrate its potential as a promising SHM approach.
Distributed Case-Based Reasoning for Fault Management
Authors: Ha Manh Tran, Jürgen Schönwälder
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security: Inter-Domain Management (2007)

We outline a distributed case-based reasoning system that exploits various online knowledge sources and reasoning capabilities in a decentralized, self-organizing platform provided by peer-to-peer technologies. The goal of the system is to assist operators in finding solutions for faults. We present the research motivation and issues in this paper.
Effective method for constrained minimum - reverse bridge theorem
Authors: Wen-Xiang Gu, Bing Li
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

We propose reverse bridge theorem (RBTH) and give the demonstration in this work. RBTH is an effective method for constrained minimum. It is necessary and sufficient condition. RBTH bases on Extended saddle-point condition (ESPC), which is proposed by Yixin Chen. SGPlan according to ESPC dose the best in satisfying the International Planning Competition 2006 and in Suboptimal Metric Track of International Planning Competition 2004. RBTH comes into all advantage of ESPC and is different from ESPC, which can be concluded from two points. First, the core inequality of ESPC is formed by two sub-inequalities, and the core inequality of RBTH contains only one sub-inequality and one sub-equality. Generally, equality is easier to handle than inequality. RBTH should be better for planner than ESPC. The core inequality changes and is no longer saddle shape. We analyze why the core inequality changes. Second, continuous RBTH (CRBTH) does not need constraint-qualification condition which is necessary for continuous ESPC. This can be authenticated in two respects. One is the proof of CRBTH; the other is KKT which has relationship with ESPC. RBTH is real necessary and sufficient condition and ESPC is not. So RBTH can be used more widely. Besides, we show some errors in ESPC. We define point domain and Shrink-point domain to explain error. We also analyze the cause of errors, and provide an example.
An Expressive Avatar for Instant Messaging Endowed with Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Alena Neviarouskaya, Helmut Prendinger, Mitsuru Ishizuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (2007)

In this paper, we propose to endow a graphical representation of a user in Instant Messaging --- an avatar --- with the ability to recognize and to express emotions and to play social nonverbal behaviour, on the basis of textual affect sensing and interpretation of communicative functions conveyed by online conversations. The developed Affect Analysis Model integrated with Instant Messaging (IM) media supports the recognition of affect from text to ensure avatar animation in an appropriate and expressive manner.
In the Mood: Tagging Music with Affects
Authors: Jörn Loviscach, David Oswald
Venue: Affect and Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction: From Theory to Applications (2008)

Music and mood carry a strong relationship, which is employed very effectively by classical music, Hollywood's soundtracks, and pop bands. Affective computing can provide support in selecting music that fits to a given mood. We describe a system that addresses a full range of functionality. It allows the user to semi-automatically tag music with mood descriptions, determines mood from sensors or from the state of a computer game, and plays appropriate music.
Structured Hidden Markov Model: A General Framework for Modeling Complex Sequences
Authors: Ugo Galassi, Attilio Giordana, Lorenza Saitta
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing (2007)

Structured Hidden Markov Model (S-HMM) is a variant of Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model that shows interesting capabilities of extracting knowledge from symbolic sequences. In fact, the S-HMM structure provides an abstraction mechanism allowing a high level symbolic description of the knowledge embedded in S-HMM to be easily obtained. The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the complexity of the matching and training algorithms on S-HMMs. More specifically, it is shown that Baum-Welch algorithm benefits from the so called locality property, which allows specific components to be modified and retrained, without doing so for the full model. The problem of modeling duration and of extracting (embedding) readable knowledge from (into) a S-HMM is also discussed.
G-graphs: An efficient tool for constructing symmetric and semisymmetric graphs
Authors: Alain Bretto, Luc Gillibert
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2008)

Symmetric and semisymmetric graphs are used in many scientific domains, especially parallel computation and interconnection networks. The industry and the research world make a huge usage of such graphs. Constructing symmetric and semisymmetric graphs is a large and hard problem. In this paper a tool called G-graphs and based on group theory is used. We show the efficiency of this tool for constructing symmetric and semisymmetric graphs and we exhibit experimental results.
Automatic Creation of User Profiles for Achieving Personal Web Accessibility
Authors: Markel Vigo, Amaia Aizpurua, Myriam Arrue, Julio Abascal
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (2008)

Automatic capture of the user's interaction environment for user-adapted interaction and evaluation purposes is an unexplored area in the Web Accessibility research field. This paper presents an application that collects user data regarding assistive technologies (be either software or hardware) in an unobtrusive way. As a result, CC/PP based profiles are created so that interoperability between components such as evaluation engines or server-side content adaptors can be attained. The implications that versioning issues and the potential user group of a given assistive technology have on the guidelines to apply are also remarked. The major benefit of this approach is that users can perform their tasks avoiding distractions while interacting with the World Wide Web.
University of Alicante at QA@CLEF2006: Answer Validation Exercise
Authors: Zornitsa Kozareva, Sonia Vázquez, Andrés Montoyo
Venue: Evaluation of Multilingual and Multi-modal Information Retrieval: 7th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 20-22, 2006, Revised Selected Papers (2007)

In this paper we present an Answer Validation System which is based on the combination of word overlap and Latent Semantic Indexing modules. The main contribution of our work consist in the adaptation of our already developed machine-learning textual entailment system MLEnt to the multilingual Answer Validation exercise.
Efficient convolution with the Newton potential in d dimensions
Authors: W. Hackbusch
Venue: Numerische Mathematik (2008)

The paper is concerned with the evaluation of the convolution integral $${\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}\frac{1}{\left\Vert x-y\right\Vert} f(y){\rm d}y}$$in d dimensions (usually d&#x00a0;=&#x00a0;3), when f is given as piecewise polynomial of possibly large degree, i.e., f may be considered as an hp-finite element function. The underlying grid is locally refined using various levels of dyadically organised grids. The result of the convolution is approximated in the same kind of mesh. If f is given in tensor product form, the d-dimensional convolution can be reduced to one-dimensional convolutions. Although the details are given for the kernel $${{1 / \left \Vert x \right\Vert,}}$$the basis techniques can be generalised to homogeneous kernels, e.g., the fundamental solution $${{const\cdot\left\Vert x\right\Vert ^{2-d}}}$$of the d-dimensional Poisson equation.
WTSPMiner: Efficiently Mining Weighted Sequential Patterns from Directed Graph Traversals
Authors: Runian Geng, Xiangjun Dong, He Jiang, Wenbo Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues (2008)

Data mining on graph traversals has been an active research during recent years. However, traditional traversal patterns mining algorithms only considered un-weighted traversals, and they are most un-sequential patterns mining algorithms. Based on the property that the traversal pattern and the items in it are consecutive, this paper regards a traversal patter as a particular sequential pattern and proposes a new algorithm, called WTSPMiner (WeightedTraversal-basedSequential Patterns Miner), to mine weightedsequential patterns from traversals on weighted directed graph. Adopting an improved weighted prefix-projected pattern growth approach, WTSPMiner decompose the task of mining original sequence database into a series of smaller tasks of mining locally projected database so as to efficiently discover fewer but important weighted sequential patterns. Comprehensive experimental results show that WTSPMiner is efficient and scalable for finding weighted sequential patterns from weighted graph traversals.
Invariant Multi-scale Object Categorisation and Recognition
Authors: João Rodrigues, J. M. Buf
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Part I (2007)

Object recognition requires that templates with canonical views are stored in memory. Such templates must somehow be normalised. In this paper we present a novel method for obtaining 2D translation, rotation and size invariance. Cortical simple, complex and end-stopped cells provide multi-scale maps of lines, edges and keypoints. These maps are combined such that objects are characterised. Dynamic routing in neighbouring neural layers allows feature maps of input objects and stored templates to converge. We illustrate the construction of group templates and the invariance method for object categorisation and recognition in the context of a cortical architecture, which can be applied in computer vision.
Discrimination of Rice Wine Age Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with BP Neural Network
Authors: Fei Liu, Fang Cao, Li Wang, Yong He
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 5 - Volume 05 (2008)

Visible and near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIR) combined with chemometric methods was employed to classify rice wines with different ages. Spectra of 240 wine samples (80 for each year) were collected in the Vis/NIR region (325-1075nm) in the spectroradiometer in transmission mode. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was applied to extract the principal components (PCs) as new eigenvectors to represent the information of the raw spectra. Then the first five PCs were used as the inputs of the BP neural network. Finally, a four-layer BP neural networks model was developed. 180 samples were selected randomly for the training set and the remaining 60 samples were for the prediction set. The threshold error of recognition was set as ±0.2. The discrimination ratio of 96.67% was achieved. The results indicated that Vis/NIR spectroscopy could be used as a rapid alternative method to discriminate the rice wine age.