ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Northern Eurasia's land-cover change trends from SPOT-VEGETATION time-series analysis 1998-2005
Authors: C. Hüttich, M. Herold, C. Schmullius, V. Egorov, S. A. Bartalev
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

The Boreal and Tundra ecosystems of the mid to high latitudes are sensitive indicators of environmental impacts from both climate change and direct human activities. This study uses inter-annual and inter-seasonal SPOT-VGT mosaics for recent years from 1998 to 2005 covering the entire boreal ecosystems of northern Eurasia. Linear trends could be detected in the NDVI and NDWI time series that differ by season, land-cover type, and latitude. Significant positive NDVI trends are described for spring and related negative trends for NDWI over the boreal forest zone. They indicate an earlier onset of the vegetation green-up. Similar vegetation dynamics can be described for autumn. The tundra ecosystems of the northern Eurasia latitudes exhibit trends of negative NDVI and positive NDWI. This may be explained by earlier snowmelt and increasing amounts of surface water from positive temperature anomalies. The non-ambiguous coarse-scale indicators require further detailed studies to identify driving factors and amount for positive feedbacks in boreal ecosystems.
DFM Based Detailed Routing Algorithm for ECP and CMP
Authors: Yin Shen, Yici Cai, Qiang Zhou, Xianlong Hong
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Quality Electronic Design (2008)

This paper presents a novel DFM (design for manufacture)-driven detailed routing algorithm that seeks to minimize the thickness range of the chip surface after copper damascene process. Based on an ECP (electroplating) & CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) model, predictors for the final thickness range are abstracted and inserted into the maze routing process which is a W-shape multilevel full-chip routing framework using Depth First Search and Branch and Bound techniques in maze backtracking. Experimental results show that compared to MR (maze routing algorithm which does not consider CMP), the improvements in the average metal density standard and the average amount of dummy fill are 14.6% and 0.96% respectively. Compared to DMR (routing algorithm which considers only CMP but does not consider ECP), the improvements in the average metal density standard and the average amount of dummy fill are 6.99% and 0.72% respectively. So the proposed algorithm can obtain improvement in optimizing CMP while the wire length and vias are not increased clearly and the completion rate is guaranteed. Therefore the yield of chips is improved.
Fabrication of an accurately vertical sidewall for optical switch applications using deep RIE and photoresist spray coating
Authors: T. Ikehara, R. Maeda
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2005)

The authors propose a new approach for fabricating an accurately vertical sidewall by deep RIE process for optical MEMS device applications. The etching area is divided in two patterns, an outline pattern and area pattern. The first pattern defines the outline of the etching area and has a uniform pattern width of 70&#x2013;80&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m to achieve accurately vertical trench etching within 0.1&#x00b0;. The remaining area is removed by successive second etching using another pattern. The difficulties involved with multiple deep etchings are overcome by the combination of a photoresist spray coating and the side etching effect of RIE controlled by recipe control. The fabrication of mirror structure with 90.1&#x00b0; sidewall is demonstrated using the above procedures. Moreover, an inverted nickel mold is exhibited using electroplating. The resulting accurately vertical sidewall is considered to be effective for achieving lower insertion loss and easier optical alignment for MEMS optical devices.
Parsimonious relevance models
Authors: Edgar Meij, Wouter Weerkamp, Krisztian Balog, Maarten de Rijke
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

We describe a method for applying parsimonious language models to re-estimate the term probabilities assigned by relevance models. We apply our method to six topic sets from test collections in five different genres. Our parsimonious relevance models (i) improve retrieval effectiveness in terms of MAP on all collections, (ii) significantly outperform their non-parsimonious counterparts on most measures, and (iii) have a precision enhancing effect, unlike other blind relevance feedback methods.
Back propagation neural network based modeling of multi-response of an electrical discharge machining process
Authors: Debabrata Mandal, Surjya K. Pal, Partha Saha
Venue: International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems (2007)

This work attempts to model the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process using artificial neural network (ANN) with back propagation as the learning algorithm. The three most important parameters, namely, material removal rate (MRR), tool wear and surface roughness have been considered as a measure of the process performance. A large number of experiments have been carried out over a wide range of machining conditions to study the effect of input parameters on the machining performance. The experimental data is used for the training and verification of the model. Testing results demonstrate that the model is suitable for predicting the response parameters accurately.
Verifying Semistructured Data Normalization Using PVS
Authors: Scott Uk-Jin Lee, Jing Sun, Gillian Dobbie, Lindsay Groves
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (2008)

The dramatic expansion of semistructured data has led to the development of database systems for manipulating the data. Despite its huge potential, there is still a lack of formality and verification support in the design of good semistructured databases. Like traditional database systems, developed semistructured database systems should contain minimal redundancies and update anomalies, in order to store and manage the data effectively. Several normalization algorithms have been proposed to satisfy these needs, by transforming the schema of the semistructured data into a better form. It is essential to ensure that the normalized schema remains semantically equivalent to its original form. In this paper, we present tool support for reasoning about the correctness of semistructured data normalization. The proposed approach uses the ORA-SS data modeling notation and defines its correctness criteria and rules in the PVS formal language. It further utilizes the PVS theorem prover to perform automated checking on the normalized schema, checking that functional dependencies are preserved, no data is lost and no spurious data is created. In summary, our approach not only investigates the characteristics of semistructured data normalization, but also provides a scalable and automated first step towards reasoning about the correctness of normalization algorithms on semistructured data.
Control of duty ratio in waveguide gratings using a near-field holographic lithography system with a variable aperture
Authors: Jun-Ho Sung, Jeong-Su Yang, Bo-Soon Kim, Chul-Hyun Choi, Min-Woo Lee, Seung-Gol Lee, Se-Geun Park, El-Hang Lee, Beom-Hoan O
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

A waveguide grating coupler has been developed for optical coupling between a planar waveguide and an optical fiber by some researchers. In a waveguide grating coupler, the shape of diffracted output beam profiles and their focusing performance are dependent on the variations of duty ratios. Therefore, a control of duty ratio in waveguide grating is important for more efficient optical coupling. However, the patterning of a non-uniform duty ratio in waveguide grating is generally very difficult to realize. In our experiments, we propose a new simple fabrication method, which is a variable aperture system incorporating to near-field holographic (NFH) lithography system, to realize a non-uniform duty ratio in waveguide gratings.
A Transaction Model for Mobile Atomic Transactions
Authors: Lars Frank
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

A mobile transaction is a distributed transaction where at least one mobile host is involved. In this situation, disconnection and location dependency (the movement problem) will normally be a problem even if relaxed atomicity is used. In this paper, an update propagation tool is used to manage remote updates that must be executed to fulfill the atomicity property. The update propagation tool resubmits messages until they have been processed (committed) in the receiving location. However, in case of disconnection or overload, many messages to a mobile client may be submitted in vain. Therefore, the server should only activate ‘push update propagation’ a few times. Later, when the connection has been reestablished, the mobile client can activate a ‘pull update propagation’ asking for stored messages that have not been pushed successfully yet. By integrating the update propagation tool with mobile IPs and/or SOA services it is also possible to solve the location dependency problem.
A time Petri net-based approach for synchronization, analysis and management of multimedia scenarios
Authors: A. Ghomari, M. K. Rahmouni
Venue: International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems (2007)

In this paper we propose an approach of multimedia scenarios management in an object-relational database system that considers three main aspects: an object-oriented method for multimedia scenarios modeling, time-interval and causal relations models for the specification of multimedia objects with fixed or unknown playout durations, and interactive and dependency temporal relations. Based on the user's temporal specification, a time Petri net (PN) is automatically generated and translated to the formalism of the verification tool Tina, which allows analyzing multimedia scenarios specification. Finally, we evaluate our approach with an experimental system prototype. The originality of the approach proposed is to consider: a temporal specification that combines interval-based model and temporal dependency (causality) between intervals; temporal specification based on PN, that extracts errors that are too difficult to extract manually; and finally temporal intervals with known or unknown time.
How do users find things with PubMed?: towards automatic utility evaluation with user simulations
Authors: Jimmy Lin, Mark D. Smucker
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

In the context of document retrieval in the biomedical domain, this paper explores the complex relationship between the quality of initial query results and the overall utility of an interactive retrieval system. We demonstrate that a content-similarity browsing tool can compensate for poor retrieval results, and that the relationship between retrieval performance and overall utility is non-linear. Arguments are advanced with user simulations, which characterize the relevance of documents that a user might encounter with different browsing strategies. With broader implications to IR, this work provides a case study of how user simulations can be exploited as a formative tool for automatic utility evaluation. Simulation-based studies provide researchers with an additional evaluation tool to complement interactive and Cranfield-style experiments.
Analyzing the kinematics of bivariate pointing
Authors: Jaime Ruiz, David Tausky, Andrea Bunt, Edward Lank, Richard Mann
Venue: Proceedings of graphics interface 2008 (2008)

Despite the importance of pointing-device movement to efficiency in interfaces, little is known on how target shape impacts speed, acceleration, and other kinematic properties of motion. In this paper, we examine which kinematic characteristics of motion are impacted by amplitude and directional target constraints in Fitts-style pointing tasks. Our results show that instantaneous speed, acceleration, and jerk are most affected by target constraint. Results also show that the effects of target constraint are concentrated in the first 70% of movement distance. We demonstrate that we can discriminate between the two classes of target constraint using Machine Learning with accuracy greater than chance. Finally, we highlight future work in designing techniques that make use of target constraint to improve pointing efficiency in computer interfaces.
TRANSACT: A Transactional Framework for Programming Wireless Sensor/Actor Networks
Authors: Murat Demirbas, Onur Soysal, Muzammil Hussain
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks (2008)

Effectively managing concurrent execution is one of the biggest challenges for future wireless sensor/actor networks (WSANs): For safety reasons concurrency needs to be tamed to prevent unintentional nondeterministic executions, on the other hand, for real-time guarantees concurrency needs to be boosted to achieve timeliness. We propose a transactional, optimistic concurrency control framework for WSANs that enables understanding of a system execution as a single thread of control, while permitting the deployment of actual execution over multiple threads distributed onseveral nodes. By exploiting the atomicity and broadcast propertiesof singlehop wireless communication, we provide a lightweightimplementation of our transactional framework on the motes platform.
A pseudo-convex MINLP approach for industrial problems
Authors: Stefan Emet
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2007)

In the present paper an optimization approach using a pseudo-convex objective function is presented. Two different industrial applications are considered. The main issue in both problems are: which decisions should be made in order to both maximize the profits of the production and to minimize the production cycle time. The problems can be modeled and solved using Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) techniques. A set of test problems are solved using the Extended Cutting Plane (ECP) method that has been proven very efficient on many complex engineering problems. The presented techniques can be applied in the design of new industrial systems and to improve the performance of already existing ones.
Resource-efficient routing and scheduling of time-constrained streaming communication on networks-on-chip
Authors: Sander Stuijk, Twan Basten, Marc Geilen, Amir Hossein Ghamarian, Bart Theelen
Venue: Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal (2008)

Network-on-chip-based multiprocessor systems-on-chip are considered as future embedded systems platforms. One of the steps in mapping an application onto such a parallel platform involves scheduling the communication on the network-on-chip. This paper presents different scheduling strategies that minimize resource usage by exploiting all scheduling freedom offered by networks-on-chip. It also introduces a technique to take the dynamism in applications into account when scheduling the communication of an application on the network-on-chip while minimizing the resource usage. Our experiments show that resource-utilization is improved when compared to existing techniques.
Safer Navigation of Ships by Image Processing & Neural Network
Authors: Gaurav Kumar Santhalia, Sanatya Singh, Satish Kumar Singh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) (2008)

In Today’s modern era Safer Navigation has become a major issue since most of our overseas logistics depends on floating vessels. In this paper an algorithm has been developed to classify the ships according to there dimension by using image processing. The image of the ship has been recorded by a stationary camera. We extract and calculate the dimension and parameters of the ship by using categories; small, medium and large. We use a feed forward neural network trained using the back-proportion learning algorithm to classify the ships. The experimental results are provided by actual data of ship which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Moreover, this method is presented to recognize the type of ship and also provide the graphical user interface (GUI) which allows to simulate the classified results. The papers also discuss the present condition of Marine Watch System and give some issues to be considered. The objective of this study is to achieve the integration of the traditional navigation equipment with an image processing system.
Video authentication for H.264/AVC using digital signature standard and secure hash algorithm
Authors: Nandakishore Ramaswamy, K. R. Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video (2006)

Multimedia authentication techniques are required to prove the validity of legal multimedia content and establish the identity of the content creator. Digital signatures are one way of authenticating multimedia content. Typically digital signatures use cryptographic techniques to ensure the integrity of the multimedia bitstream. This paper proposes a hard video authentication and sender verification scheme for video sequences compressed using H.264/AVC Main Profile by using digital signatures and cryptographic hash. Features from the transform domain are used as the authentication data for a macroblock. The algorithm can also detect the cause of authentication failure and point out the location of the tampered frames in case of frame tampering. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly robust to temporal and spatial manipulations.
A study of the periodical oscillations for a time series using the Fourier transform
Authors: Nikos Mastorakis, Olga Martin
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2005)

In this paper a method for the determination of the trends for a time series is presented. A comparative study was made between the seasonal components and the aleatory components, which were computed by this algorithm and founded by an additive model. Using the Fast Fourier Transform, a trigonometric interpolation formula is used for the estimation of the development of analyzed economic phenomenon in the future.
Nonlinear PD control of underwater robot in 3D motion
Authors: Jerzy Garus, Jozef Malecki
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Systems (2005)

The paper addresses nonlinear control for underwater robot. For the tracking of desired trajectory, the way-point line of sight scheme is incorporated and autopilot consisting of four PD controllers used to generate command signals. Quality of control is concerned without and in presence of external disturbances. Some computer simulations are provided to demonstrate effectiveness, correctness and robustness of the approach.
An Approach for Optimal Bandwidth Allocation in Packet Processing Systems
Authors: Mahmood Ahmadi, Stephan Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2008)

The increasing demand for more bandwidth and the increased application variety fuel the need for high performance network processors. A simple but highly repetitive task performed by such processors is packet processing. Typically, a network processor consists of a parallel processor core with a number of memory interfaces and special co-processors. Recently, distributed architectures are being utilized in the design of network processors. In such environments, a challenging problem is to allocate optimal bandwidth between different network processors(NPs) to achieve more performance. In this paper, the formulation and solution of an optimal bandwidth allocation strategy using queuing network for NP-based architectures at system level is proposed. The solution allocates optimal bandwidth between network processors in a grid-oriented environment. It encompasses a new formula based on the optimal capacity allocation concept in queuingnetwork. our simulation results show that the proposed solution is able to enhance the response time in NP-based architectures when compared to a same NP-based architectures without optimal bandwidth allocation.
Cyclicity of graphs
Authors: Richard Hammack
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (1999)

The cyclicity of a graph is the largest integer n for which the graph is contractible to the cycle on n vertices. By analyzing the cycle space of a graph, we establish upper and lower bounds on cyclicity. These bounds facilitate the computation of cyclicity for several classes of graphs, including chordal graphs, complete n-partite graphs, n-cubes, products of trees and cycles, and planar graphs. &copy; 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 32: 160&ndash;170, 1999
Context-aware Battery Management for Mobile Phones
Authors: Nishkam Ravi, James Scott, Lu Han, Liviu Iftode
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2008)

In this paper, we propose a system for context-aware battery management that warns theuser when it detects that the phone battery can run out before the next chargingopportunity is encountered. At the heart of this system, are algorithms thatpredict: (1) when the next charging opportunity will be available,(2) how much call-time will be required by the user in the interim, and(3) how long the battery will last if the current set of applications continue to execute.We propose algorithms that process user's location traces and call-logs for making some of these predictions.We also propose a technique to predict battery consumption of applications.We present the design of the system and demonstrate its feasibility by experimentally showing thateach of the prediction algorithms can perform with fairly high accuracy.
ISOLA a Fortran code and a Matlab GUI to perform multiple-point source inversion of seismic data
Authors: Efthimios N. Sokos, Jiri Zahradnik
Venue: Computers Geosciences (2008)

In this paper, a software package for multiple- or single-point source inversion is presented. The package consists of ISOLA-GUI, a user-friendly MATLAB-based interface, and the ISOLA Fortran code, which is the computational core of the application. The methodology used is similar to iterative deconvolution technique, often used in teleseismic studies, but here adjusted for regional and local distances. The advantage of the software is the graphical interface that provides the user with an easy to use environment, rich in graphics and data handling routines, while at the same time the speed of Fortran code is retained. Besides that, the software allows the results to be exported to popular software packages, like Generic Mapping Tools, while at the same time utilizing them for quality plots of the results. The modular design of ISOLA-GUI can be used by users for the addition of supplementary routines in all the stages of processing. An example of the method's ability to obtain a quick insight into the complexity of an earthquake is presented, using records from a moderate size event.