ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Technical communique: Fractional order [proportional derivative] controller for a class of fractional order systems
Authors: Ying Luo, YangQuan Chen
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2009)

Recently, fractional order systems (FOS) have attracted more and more attention in various fields. But the control design techniques available for the FOS suffer from the lack of direct systematic approaches. In this paper, we focus on a given type of simple model of FOS. A fractional order [proportional derivative] (FO-[PD]) controller is proposed for this class of FOS, and a practical and systematic tuning procedure has been developed for the proposed FO-[PD] controller synthesis. The fairness issue in comparing with other controllers such as the traditional integer order PID (IO-PID) controller and the fractional order proportional derivative (FO-PD) controller has been addressed under the same number of design parameters and the same specifications. Fair comparisons of the three controllers (i.e., IO-PID, FO-PD and FO-[PD]) via the simulation tests illustrate that, the IO-PID controller designed may not always be stabilizing to achieve flat-phase specification while both FO-PD and FO-[PD] controllers designed are always stabilizing. Furthermore, the proposed FO-[PD] controller outperforms FO-PD controller for the class of fractional order systems.
Analyzing the co-evolution of comments and source code
Authors: Beat Fluri, Michael Würsch, Emanuel Giger, Harald C. Gall
Venue: Software Quality Control (2009)

Source code comments are a valuable instrument to preserve design decisions and to communicate the intent of the code to programmers and maintainers. Nevertheless, commenting source code and keeping comments up-to-date is often neglected for reasons of time or programmers obliviousness. In this paper, we investigate the question whether developers comment their code and to what extent they add comments or adapt them when they evolve the code. We present an approach to associate comments with source code entities to track their co-evolution over multiple versions. A set of heuristics are used to decide whether a comment is associated with its preceding or its succeeding source code entity. We analyzed the co-evolution of code and comments in eight different open source and closed source software systems. We found with statistical significance that (1) the relative amount of comments and source code grows at about the same rate; (2) the type of a source code entity, such as a method declaration or an if-statement, has a significant influence on whether or not it gets commented; (3) in six out of the eight systems, code and comments co-evolve in 90% of the cases; and (4) surprisingly, API changes and comments do not co-evolve but they are re-documented in a later revision. As a result, our approach enables a quantitative assessment of the commenting process in a software system. We can, therefore, leverage the results to provide feedback during development to increase the awareness of when to add comments or when to adapt comments because of source code changes.
An Approach of Scalable MPEG-4 Video Bitstreams with Network Coding for P2P Swarming System
Authors: Quan Gu, Jingli Zhou, Kai Ouyang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage (2009)

Abstract—Current Peer-to-Peer (P2P) swarming systems have been immensely successful for large scale media content distribution with fewer server resources and lower protocol overhead. In order to improve media delivery quality and provide high service availability, network coding techniques have been proposed to help resource propagating through P2P network. Applying network coding over small time-window of video reduces the risks of uploading duplicate content and minimizes the variance in the performance of each node, thus, improving the overall efficiency of the system. However, by combining network coding in video delivery, the bitrates of media stream is usually nonscalable. Since the channel bandwidth between peers may fluctuate in a wide range in P2P swarming system, nonscalable network coding video stream cannot adapt P2P communication channel effectively. In this work, we propose a novel network coding scheme to address the issues. Considering that MPEG-4 video sequences can be presented by multiple layers of bitstreams, including baselayer and enhanced layer, network coding can be applied on base layer for availability, and enhanced layers can be truncated to adapt channel bandwidth. Compared with existing network coding approaches, our simulation experimental results clearly show that the proposed scheme brings higher efficiency and more flexibility to video streaming over P2P swarming system.
Formal Methods for Critical Systems
Authors: Steven P. Miller
Venue: Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems: 13th International Workshop, FMICS 2008, L'Aquila, Italy, September 15-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Formal methods have traditionally been reserved for systems with requirements for extremely high assurance. However, the growing popularity of model-based development, in which models of system behavior are created early in the development process and used to auto-generate code, are making precise, mathematical specifications much more common in industry. At the same time, formal verification tools such as model checkers continue to grow more powerful. The convergence of these two trends opens the door for the practical application of formal verification techniques early in the life cycle for many systems. This talk will describe how Rockwell Collins has applied both theorem proving and model checking to commercial avionics and security systems to reduce costs and improve quality.
Non-sequential Multimedia Caching
Authors: Anita Sobe, Laszlo Boszormenyi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Advances in Multimedia (2009)

Non-sequential media is seen as a number of semantically meaningful units derived from several videos. A video notation is introduced to express and compare different transmission types including caching. Furthermore, the idea of grouping units based on user intentions is described, which is the basis for two cache admission policies (simple and rank-based). These policies are compared regarding efficiency and hit rate. The evaluation is based on simulation and shows that a replacement policy that considers the popularity of the units is needed.
The Visualization of 3D Terrain Based on VRML
Authors: Chen Huirong, Peng Rencan, Li Shujun, Yu Caixia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications - Volume 03 (2009)

3D terrain visualization is always a hot topic for GIS (Geographical Information System) and VR (Virtual Realiy). The emergence of WebGIS makes the integration between network and GIS closer, and makes the sharing of geographic information more convenient and faster. However, it is still an urgent problem for 3D terrain visualization based on network for a long time. This paper puts forward an effective visualized method for 3D terrain based on network, combined with VRML and its specific 3D rendering techniques. Firstly, we introduced some basic concepts of terrain visualization. Secondly, described the traits and principles of VRML. Thirdly, discussed some techniques of 3D graphic rendering. Lastly, realized the 3D terrain visualization on network based on browser plug-in. all the work provided a reference for the sharing and the visualization of 3D terrain.
Weighted Aspect Moment Invariant in Pattern Recognition
Authors: Rela Puteri Pamungkas, Siti Mariyam Shamsuddin
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part II (2009)

Many drawbacks has been found in Hu's moment Invariant or known as Geometric Moment Invariant (GMI). Due to its flexibility, GMI is still widely used by the researchers until now. This paper proposes an alternative approach, Weighted Aspect Moment Invariant (WAMI) by combining Weighted Central Moment (WCM) and Aspect Moment Invariant (AsMI) to solve GMI's drawbacks in term of noise and unequal data scaling. Various insect images are used in this study with two different sizes as simulation images. The simulation results show that the proposed WAMI improves inter-class and intra-class criteria for unequally scaling data compared to AsMI.
Experience with Training a Remotely Located Performance Test Team in a Quasi-agile Global Environment
Authors: André B. Bondi, Johannes P. Ros
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering (2009)

We describe our experience of training a remotely located team of developers and testers to prepare and execute performance tests. The team is located in India. The lead performance engineer and the test project manager are based in New Jersey. The team members had little or no prior experience of performance testing. We describe how we overcame cultural differences and a large time difference to develop a performance testing team that is now functioning well with far less supervision than was required at its inception. Cultural differences included contrasting views on adherence to strict laboratory procedures and assumptions about the prior knowledge, experience, and expectations of working habits of the India-based and New Jersey-based teams. We show how these differences and organizational challenges were overcome with intensive on-site training, the use of twice-daily scrum meetings, the careful designation of team leaders and role players at the remote testing site, and, eventually, the development intensive use of automated tools to execute performance tests and track the results.
Dynamics Equation of Ozone Decomposition in Recycling Cooling Water
Authors: Songtian Li, Fuqiang Li, Changhao Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 03 (2009)

Ozone can be used in treatment of industrial recycling cooling water. In order to guide practice more efficiently, the dynamics equation of ozone decomposition in recycling cooling water was established. The research deducted mathematical model of the decomposition. It is that: -d[O3]/[O3]dt ＝ k'1[OH－] + k''2[OH－]x[CODCr]. Then experiment water of different concentrations multiple was confected, adjusted alkalinty with NaHCO3, ozone of different concentrations was led into, ozone decomposition rate was mensurated. When pH was 8.0，8.5，9.0，9.5 and CODCr was 1，3，6，7 mg/L, the interrelated data was determined. The dynamics equation of ozone decomposition at the experimental condition is: －d[O3]/[O3]dt = 75460×[OH－] +4.990×[OH－]0.228[CODCr]. Analysing the mathetics model, we can see that affecting decomposition factors are not only [OH－], but also CODCr in water, include the microbe,organic compound, reductive inorganic compound and so on. In practical using, it should monitor water quality continuously or intermittently, adjust ozone quantity according to the pH and CODCr in the water, at the same time, it also should control CODCr of the system so that it can ensure treatment effect.
Reducing Web Latency in Mobile Network
Authors: Xiaohui Chen, Weidong Wang, Guo Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Eigth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (2009)

In this study, feasibilities of HTTP specific acceleration and TCP optimization in mobile network are analyzed through comparisons. Based on these analyses, practicable accelerator architectures for web latency reduction are presented. Furthermore, we proposed that a boost in performance is feasible by either deploying cooperative proxies with concurrent connection or combining the characteristics of wireless links and networks.
A new formalism for mathematical description and verification of component-based systems
Authors: Ayaz Isazadeh, Jaber Karimpour
Venue: The Journal of Supercomputing (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a formal approach for composing software components into a distributed system. We describe the system as a hierarchical composition of some components, which can be distributed on a wide variety of hardware platforms and executed in parallel. We represent each component by a mathematical model and specify the abstract communication protocols of the components using Interface Automata (IAs). To model hierarchical systems, besides the basic components' model, we will present other components, called nodes. A node consists of a set of subnodes interacting under the supervision of a controller. Each subnode, in turn, is a node or discrete event component. By considering a subnode as a node we can make hierarchical nodes/components. The entire system, therefore, forms the root of the hierarchy. A controller, in turn, is a set of subcontrollers/interface automata that specifies interaction protocol of the components inside a node. We have also presented an example demonstrating the model by illustrating nodes, subnodes, controllers, and subcontrollers. To address the state space explosion problem in system verification, we utilize the controller as a contract for independent analysis of the components and their interactions. Therefore, a node will not be analyzed directly; instead, we will analyze the controller.
Mouse 2.0: multi-touch meets the mouse
Authors: Nicolas Villar, Shahram Izadi, Dan Rosenfeld, Hrvoje Benko, John Helmes, Jonathan Westhues, Steve Hodges, Eyal Ofek, Alex Butler, Xiang Cao, Billy Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (2009)

In this paper we present novel input devices that combine the standard capabilities of a computer mouse with multi-touch sensing. Our goal is to enrich traditional pointer-based desktop interactions with touch and gestures. To chart the design space, we present five different multi-touch mouse implementations. Each explores a different touch sensing strategy, which leads to differing form-factors and hence interactive possibilities. In addition to the detailed description of hardware and software implementations of our prototypes, we discuss the relative strengths, limitations and affordances of these novel input devices as informed by the results of a preliminary user study.
Data Structure Shape Inference and Verification for OO Programs
Authors: Rhys Owen, Hugh Anderson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third IEEE International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2009)

An approach to static analysis and verification of linked data structures found in OO programs is to firstly infer the “shape” of the object/data structures that may be produced by the program, and secondly to verify that these shapes are consistent with a programmer-specified “correct” data structure. A feature of the approach is that the shapes of the data structures may be graphed at any time, and are easy to understand. The underlying formalism is presented in abstract interpretation form, and a prototype tool has been developed.
Well-posedness and regularity of weakly coupled wave-plate equation with boundary control and observation
Authors: Shugen Chai, Bao-Zhu Guo
Venue: Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems (2009)

We consider the open-loop system of a weakly coupled linear wave-plate equation with Dirichlet boundary control and collocated observation. It is shown that the system is well-posed in the sense of D. Salamon and regular in the sense of G. Weiss. With the multiplier method, the feedthrough operator is explicitly represented.
CCDM: Central Controller-Based Device Management Architecture and Method to Split Management Scripts
Authors: Akihiro Sugiyama, Hideya Ochiai, Hiroshi Esaki
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2009)

This paper presents CCDM, a new architecture for management of devices, which collect environmental information and give effects to the environment. CCDM provides easy management of devices and distributed execution of gateways for sudden network disruptions. We separate the management system to the control plane and the data plane.CCDM’s easy management is achieved by a logically centralized controller. The controller handles the control plane.All the policy of device management and network information are stored to 2 kinds of scripts; service scripts and resource scripts. The controller transforms the policy to work distributedly at each gateway. Data plane is the data communication between devices and gateways. Gateways,which operate devices directly, works at distributed manner based on the policy on the controller.
End-User Software Engineering in the Spreadsheet Paradigm
Authors: Robin Abraham
Venue:  (2009)

Spreadsheets are among the most widely used end- user programming systems. Unfortunately, there is a high incidence of errors in end-user spreadsheets, and some of these errors have high impact. In this book, we describe techniques we have developed to help end users develop safer spreadsheets. As part of our research, we have examined typical software development activities like programming, testing, and debugging from an end-user software engineering perspective, and developed approaches to support them better. These include techniques for (1) prevention of reference, range, and type errors by generating spreadsheets from user-defined templates, (2) detection of unit errors by carrying out automatic consistency checking of spreadsheet formulas using labels within spreadsheets, (3) detection of faults within spreadsheets by helping end users test better using constraint- based automatic test-case generation, and (4) correction of identified faults within spreadsheet formulas using a spreadsheet debugger that exploits the user's expectations about the output of their spreadsheets. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Achieving high memory performance from heterogeneous architectures with the SARC programming model
Authors: Roger Ferrer, Vicenç Beltran, Marc González, Xavier Martorell, Eduard Ayguadé
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th MEDEA workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications, systems and architecture (2009)

Current heterogeneous multicore architectures, including the Cell/B.E., GPUs, and future developments, like Larrabee, require enormous programming efforts to efficiently run current parallel applications, achieving high performance. In this paper, we want to present the results we obtain from the coding with the SARC Programming Model, of two benchmarks, matrix multiply and conjugate gradient (NAS CG), with respect memory bandwidth. We show some sample loops annotated and the experience that we got trying to have our system executing them efficienly. Results indicate that the programming model is able to achieve up to 85% of the peak memory bandwidth on the Cell/B.E. processor.
Avatar mobility in user-created networked virtual worlds: measurements, analysis, and implications
Authors: Huiguang Liang, Ransi Nilaksha Silva, Wei Tsang Ooi, Mehul Motani
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2009)

We collected mobility traces of avatars spanning multiple regions in Second Life, a popular user-created virtual world. We analyzed the traces to characterize the dynamics of the avatars' mobility and behavior, both temporally and spatially. We discuss the implications of our findings on the design of peer-to-peer architecture, interest management, mobility modeling of avatars, server load balancing and zone partitioning, caching, and prefetching for user-created virtual worlds.
Mitigating Inadvertent Insider Threats with Incentives
Authors: Debin Liu, Xiaofeng Wang, L. Jean Camp
Venue: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 13th International Conference, FC 2009, Accra Beach, Barbados, February 23-26, 2009. Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Inadvertent insiders are trusted insiders who do not have malicious intent (as with malicious insiders) but do not responsibly managing security. The result is often enabling a malicious outsider to use the privileges of the inattentive insider to implement an insider attack. This risk is as old as conversion of a weak user password into root access, but the term inadvertent insider is recently coined to identify the link between the behavior and the vulnerability. In this paper, we propose to mitigate this threat using a novel risk budget mechanism that offers incentives to an insider to behave according to the risk posture set by the organization. We propose assigning an insider a risk budget, which is a specific allocation of risk points, allowing employees to take a finite number of risk-seeking choice. In this way, the employee can complete her tasks without subverting the security system, as with absolute prohibitions. In the end, the organization penalizes the insider if she fails to accomplish her task within the budget while rewards her in the presence of a surplus. Most importantly. the risk budget requires that the user make conscious visible choices to take electronic risks. We describe the theory behind the system, including specific work on the insider threats. We evaluated this approach using human-subject experiments, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our risk budget mechanism. We also present a game theoretic analysis of the mechanism.
New soldering technology for transducers: Characterization of a medical ultrasound phase array probe
Authors: Marcantonio Catelani, Valeria L. Scarano, Francesco Bertocci, Roberto Singuaroli, Francesca Gelli, Lorenzo Spicci
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications (2009)

In the next few years, in accordance with the RoHS European Directive [1] the research will focus the attention to develop knowledge about alternative no-dangerous materials, voted to reduce or eliminate Lead (Pb) in electronics devices and, in particular, in solder joints. As known, the Sn-Pb solder joint has over 50 years of manufacturing, field experience and knowledge; the Pb-free solutions, instead, aren't near as mature or as well understood [2]–[5]. The paper presents some results, in terms of both joint performances and electrical properties of new electronic devices realised with Pb-free solder joints. The use of new soldering materials, such as silver conductive adhesive, is taken into consideration in the design of ultrasound array transducers. In particular the paper shows the use of conductive adhesive for the implementation of a medical phased array probe where the soldering material is located among a platelet of piezoelectric and fingers. A comparison between electro-acoustic measures on elements soldered with Electrically Conductive Adhesive [ECA] and those ones with the classic technology Sn-Pb will be also shown.
Lexical and grammatical inference
Authors: Tom Armstrong, Tim Oates
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3 (2008)

Children are facile at both discovering word boundaries and using those words to build higher-level structures in tandem. Current research treats lexical acquisition and grammar induction as two distinct tasks; doing so has led to unreasonable assumptions. State-of-the-art unsupervised results presuppose a perfectly segmented, noise-free lexicon, while largely ignoring how the lexicon is used. This paper combines both tasks in a novel framework for bootstrapping lexical acquisition and grammar induction.