ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Gait Recognition Using Wavelet Transform
Authors: Saeid Rahati, Reihaneh Moravejian, Farhad Mohamad Kazemi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

We describe a new method for Automatic Gait Recognition based around the use of wavelet descriptors that model the periodic deformation of human gait. Wavelet descriptors have been used successfully to model the boundary of static or moving, rigid-bodied objects, but many objects actually deform in some way as they move. Here, we use wavelet descriptors to model not only the object’s boundary, but also the spatio-temporal deformations under which the object’s boundary is subjected. We applied this new method to the Large Gait Database, compiled at the University of South Florida (NIST/USF) and found that the wavelet descriptors obtained for each person appear to be unique and can be used for recognition. Successful recognition rates of over 94% were obtained from the Large Gait Database.
Multi-objective calibration and fuzzy preference selection of a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Rajesh Raj Shrestha, Michael Rode
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2008)

Multi-objective evaluation of distributed hydrological models enables an analysis of prediction behaviour of individual sub-systems within a catchment. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate an application of multi-response, multisite calibration strategy for a distributed hydrological model, so that model limitations can be identified and subsequently improved. The study was carried out for calibration of flows from two gauging stations in a 152km^2 catchment in Elbe Basin in Germany. The multi-objective optimisation tool NSGA-II was used for the calibration of distributed hydrological modelling code WaSiM-ETH. A fuzzy set theory based methodology was formulated for selection of preferred solution from numerous Pareto solutions in four-dimensional space. The methodology consistently led to selection of the solution which is able to reasonably represent the magnitude and dynamics of streamflow hydrograph. For a reasonable simulation of water balance in the downstream gauge, overprediction of water balance in the upstream gauge was necessary. The analysis of precipitation-discharge data and geological conditions in the river channel support the possibility of flow reduction in the upstream gauge and increase in the downstream gauge. Due to this limitation in observation data, additional optimisation runs were carried out by explicitly considering the effect. This led to a significant improvement in the performance of the model. Therefore, the study provides an effective implementation of the multi-objective calibration strategy for a distributed hydrological model, which can be used for the analysis of different catchments using a combination of different objective functions.
Towards QoS Improvements of TCP-Based Media Delivery
Authors: Martin Prangl, Ingo Kofler, Hermann Hellwagner
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Networking and Services (2008)

The amount of audiovisual data available on the Internet and thus of multimedia communication over today's networks is increasing at a rapid pace. Despite the availability of specific media transport protocols like RTP, most content providers make use of the well-established and reliable TCP protocol to deliver audiovisual content over the Internet. The reason is that TCP-based data delivery in general is much less complicated for the clients to be served and over today's networks traversed (including proxies and firewalls), than making use of UDP-based RTP connections. However, in case of network bandwidth fluctuations and packet losses, TCP-based media delivery may lead to annoying jerky playback at the client side, due to retransmissions and late arrival of media data. This papers deals with TCP-based perceptual QoS improvement mechanisms for increasing the media experience for the consumer under unstable network conditions. Our approach is based on media content adaptation (transcoding) to fit the actual network bandwidth continuously monitored by the sender. The proposed mechanisms are applied at the application level at the server side, leaving the existing TCP implementation untouched and therefore enabling transparent use of existing media players. An evaluation of a realistic use case is presented which underlines the efficacy of our approach.
When does (T) equal sat(T)?
Authors: Francois Lemaire, Marc Moreno Maza, Wei Pan, Yuzhen Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-first international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (2008)

Given a regular chain T, we aim at finding an efficient way for computing a system of generators of Sat(T), the saturated ideal of T. A natural idea is to test whether the equality {T}=Sat(T) holds, that is, whether T generates its saturated ideal. By generalizing the notion of primitivity from univariate polynomials to regular chains, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition, together with a Grobner basis free algorithm, for testing this equality. Our experimental results illustrate the efficiency of this approach in practice.
Design and development of a prototype system for detecting abnormal weather observations
Authors: Mark Anthony F. Mateo, Carson Kai-Sang Leung
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference (2008)

Weather plays an important role in many areas such as agriculture. Having a clean set of agro-meteorological data removes doubt on weather-derived models and ensures confidence on decisions supported by these models. In this paper, we present our design and development of a prototype system for detecting abnormal weather observations. This system is applicable for the real-life data quality control and assurance of reliable and error-free agro-meteorological data. It does so by checking the internal validity, as well as the temporal and spatial consistency, of each weather observation. In addition to having the ability to detect abnormal observations and control the quality of weather data, our system also has the capability to estimate values for temporal and spatial weather parameters. Having such a capability is helpful in replacing incorrect data and filling missing values. Moreover, in this paper, we discuss the challenges and our solutions to problems related to the management of weather observations such as data gaps, format incompatibilities, and integration issues.
A Novel Multiphysics Sensoring Method Based on Thermal and EC Techniques and Its Application for Crack Inspection
Authors: Cheng-Chi Tai, Yen-Lin Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

Crack inspection is a critical issue in quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The eddy current (EC) method is effective for surface discontinuities detection, but the spatial resolution of conventional EC method is constrained by the size of EC probe. The photo inductive (PI) imaging method is a NDE technique that combines EC and laser-based thermal imaging methods. It had been clearly demonstrated that PI method is a high-resolution technique from practical experiments. In this paper, the numerical multiphysics simulation of PI imaging have been performed with 2D transient using the finite element method (FEM) to characterize corner cracks at the edge of a Ti-6Al-4V bolt hole specimen. The FEM simulation results of 0.25-mm, 0.50-mm, and 0.75-mm rectangular notches are showed and discussed. The results show that the PI imaging has higher spatial resolution in the area of the defect in 2D models as compared with the conventional EC images. We demonstrate that the PI method is a novel sensoring method for characterizing the geometric shape of cracks.
Multimedia enriched ontologies for video digital libraries
Authors: Marco Bertini, Alberto Del Bimbo, Carlo Torniai
Venue: International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems (2007)

The development of appropriate tools and solutions to support effective access to video content is one of the main challenges for video digital libraries. Different techniques for manual and automatic annotation and retrieval have been proposed in recent years. It is a common practice to use linguistic ontologies for video annotation and retrieval: video elements are classified by establishing relationships between video contents and linguistic terms that identify domain concepts at different abstraction levels. However, although linguistic terms are appropriate to distinguish event and object categories, they are inadequate when they must describe specific or complex patterns of events or video entities. Instead, in these cases, pattern specifications can be better expressed using visual prototypes, either images or video clips, that capture the essence of the event or entity. High level concepts, expressed trough linguistic terms, and patterns specification, represented by visual prototypes, can be both organized into new extended ontologies where images or video clips are added to the ontologies as specification of linguistic terms. This paper presents algorithms and techniques that employ enriched ontologies for video annotation and retrieval, and discusses a solution for their implementation for the soccer video domain. An unsupervised clustering method is proposed in order to create multimedia enriched ontologies by defining visual prototypes that represent specific patterns of highlights and adding them as visual concepts to the ontology. An algorithm that uses multimedia enriched ontologies to perform automatic soccer video annotation is proposed and results for typical highlights are presented. Annotation is performed associating occurrences of events, or entities, to higher level concepts by checking their similarity to visual concepts that are hierarchically linked to higher level semantics, using a dynamic programming approach. Usage of reasoning on the ontology is shown, to create complex queries that comprise visual prototypes of actions, their temporal evolution and relations.
The past is a different place: they do things differently there
Authors: R. Harper, D. Randall, N. Smyth, C. Evans, L. Heledd, R. Moore
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems (2008)

This paper reports the trial of a wearable data capture device, SenseCam, as a resource for digital narratives and uses data from the trial to reflect on the models of the 'mind' that underscore HCI. More particularly, over a period of one week, 5 participants and 2 researchers used SenseCams to capture digital traces of their experiences, and used the same to create 'story telling' materials for presentation at a workshop at the end of the trial. The study found that all users delighted in the devices, but found that the traces that SenseCams produced were not analogues to their own memory. Instead, SenseCam data presented a picture of daily lives which was at once different to the one recollected by participants and yet brought a sense of wonder, depth and felt-life that was strangely enriching; furthermore, SenseCam data enabled participants to create artistic and evocative stories about prosaic activities that would not normally merit being recounted; and finally, SenseCam data could be used to tell parables about 'life' and hence about the characters in those parables. The paper will comment on the implications these findings have for digital narrative technologies, on concepts of memory prosthesis devices, the sociology of memory and for the concept of mind that underscores HCI.
Using genetic algorithm to implement cost-driven web service selection
Authors: Lei Cao, Minglu Li, Jian Cao
Venue: Multiagent and Grid Systems (2007)

Web services composition has been one of the hottest research topics. But with the ever-increasing number of functional similar web services being made available on the Internet, there is a need to be able to distinguish them using a set of well-defined Quality of Service (QoS) criteria. The cost is the primary concern of many business processes. This paper proposes a new solution using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to implement cost-driven web service selection. GA is utilized to optimize a business process composed of many service agents (SAgs). Each SAg corresponds to a collection of available web services provided by multiple service providers to perform a specific function. Service selection is an optimization process taking into account the relationships among the services. Better performance has been gotten using GA in the paper than using a local service selection strategy. The global optimal solution might also be achieved with proper GA parameters.
Formalizing natural-language spatial relations between linear objects with topological and metric properties
Authors: Jun Xu
Venue: International Journal of Geographical Information Science (2007)

People usually use qualitative terms to express spatial relations, while current geographic information systems (GISs) all use quantitative approaches to store spatial information. The abilities of current GISs to represent and query spatial information about geographic space are limited. Based on the result of a human-subject test of natural-language descriptions of spatial relations between linear geographic objects, this paper defines a series of quantitative indices that are related to natural-language spatial relation terms, and uses these indices to formalize the ambiguous natural-language representation with a decision-tree algorithm. The result indicates that using both topological indices and metric indices can formalize the natural-language spatial predicates better than using only topological indices. The rules extracted from the trees are used to characterize the spatial relations into qualitative description groups. Using these rules, a prototype of an intelligent natural-language interface for the ESRI software ArcGIS that can query spatial relations between two linear objects in natural English language is implemented using SNePS (the Semantic Network Processing System).
Exploring mouse movements for inferring query intent
Authors: Qi Guo, Eugene Agichtein
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Clickthrough on search results have been successfully used to infer user interest and preferences, but are often noisy and potentially ambiguous. We explore the potential of a complementary, more sensitive signal -mouse movements- in providing insights into the intent behind a web search query. We report preliminary results of studying user mouse movements on search result pages, with the goal of inferring user intent - in particular, to explore whether we can automatically distinguish the different query classes such as navigational vs. informational. Our preliminary exploration confirms the value of studying mouse movements for user intent inference, and suggests interesting avenues for future exploration.
Goal-Based Modeling of Dynamically Adaptive System Requirements
Authors: Heather J. Goldsby, Pete Sawyer, Nelly Bencomo, Betty H. C. Cheng, Danny Hughes
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (2008)

Self-adaptation is emerging as an increasingly important capability for many applications, particularly those deployed in dynamically changing environments, such as ecosystem monitoring and disaster management. One key challenge posed by Dynamically Adaptive Systems (DASs) is the need to handle changes to the requirements and corresponding behavior of a DAS in response to varying environmental conditions. Berry et al. previously identified four levels of RE that should be performed for a DAS. In this paper, we propose the Levels of RE for Modeling that reify the original levels to describe RE modeling work done by DAS developers. Specifically, we identify four types of developers: the system developer, the adaptation scenario developer, the adaptation infrastructure developer, and the DAS research community. Each level corresponds to the work of a different type of developer to construct goal model(s) specifying their requirements. We then leverage the Levels of RE for Modeling to propose two complementary processes for performing RE for a DAS. We describe our experiences with applying this approach to GridStix, an adaptive flood warning system, deployed to monitor the River Ribble in Yorkshire, England.
Emergency Communication Services Based on Overlay Networking Technologies
Authors: Go Hasegawa, Satoshi Kamei, Masayuki Murata
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Networking and Services (2008)

In this paper, we propose OverLay-based Emergency Communication Services (OLECS), an architecture for emergency communication services, that is based on overlay routing technologies. We modify and extend existing overlay routing mechanisms in terms of decreasing communication overhead, searching multi-hop overlay paths with more than three hops, making it suitable for emergency communication services. The location of overlay nodes is also considered for recovering from partial failure of ISP networks. By performing a numerical evaluation using the actual AS-level network topology of the current Internet, we show that our approach can reduce the overhead in exchanging routing information by a factor of up to 1000, and improve network connectivity by up to 9 times.
Sparse principal component analysis via regularized low rank matrix approximation
Authors: Haipeng Shen, Jianhua Z. Huang
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2008)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used tool for data analysis and dimension reduction in applications throughout science and engineering. However, the principal components (PCs) can sometimes be difficult to interpret, because they are linear combinations of all the original variables. To facilitate interpretation, sparse PCA produces modified PCs with sparse loadings, i.e. loadings with very few non-zero elements. In this paper, we propose a new sparse PCA method, namely sparse PCA via regularized SVD (sPCA-rSVD). We use the connection of PCA with singular value decomposition (SVD) of the data matrix and extract the PCs through solving a low rank matrix approximation problem. Regularization penalties are introduced to the corresponding minimization problem to promote sparsity in PC loadings. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed for computation. Two tuning parameter selection methods are discussed. Some theoretical results are established to justify the use of sPCA-rSVD when only the data covariance matrix is available. In addition, we give a modified definition of variance explained by the sparse PCs. The sPCA-rSVD provides a uniform treatment of both classical multivariate data and high-dimension-low-sample-size (HDLSS) data. Further understanding of sPCA-rSVD and some existing alternatives is gained through simulation studies and real data examples, which suggests that sPCA-rSVD provides competitive results.
Exhaustif&reg;: a fault injection tool for distributed heterogeneous embedded systems
Authors: Antonio Dasilva, José-F Martínez, Lourdes López, Ana-B García, Luis Redondo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American conference on Telematics and information systems (2007)

This paper presents Exhaustif&reg;, a SWIFI fault injection tool for fault tolerance verification and the validation of embedded software in distributed heterogeneous systems. Exhaustif&reg; mainly consists of two parts: EEM and FIK. Exhaustif&reg; Executive Manager (EEM) is a GUI Java application to define the fault injection campaign that uses a SQL database to save the test results obtained from the System under Test (SUT) in order to carry out a post injection data analysis. FIK is under the command of EEM to cary out fault injections in applications running under diverse operating systems using pure SWIFI techniques. Exhaustif&reg; carries out floating point register and memory corruptions using temporary triggers and uses an optimized routine interception mechanism to carry out argument and return value corruption with a minimal time overhead. Two experimental Fault Injector Kernels (FIK) under the RTEMS operating system for an EADS-Astrium SPARC ERC32-based MCM processor board and i386 standard PC mainboard have been developed.
Avoiding Irrelevant and Misleading Information When Estimating Development Effort
Authors: Magne Jørgensen, Stein Grimstad
Venue: IEEE Software (2008)

Software development effort estimates are reported to be highly inaccurate and systematically overly optimistic. Empirical evidence suggests that this problem is caused to some extent by the influence of irrelevant and misleading information—for example, information about the client's budget. The only effective way to eliminate this influence is to avoid exposure to such information. Other means, such formal effort estimation models, improved analysis of requirement specifications, and better selection of estimators, might have a positive effect but don't eliminate the influence. Proposed changes to the estimation process can help eliminate unnecessary information, leading to more realistic effort estimation.
Dynamic Segment Intersection Search With Applications
Authors: H. Imai
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium onFoundations of Computer Science, 1984 (1984)

In this paper, we consider two restricted types of dynamic orthogonal segment intersection search problems. One is the problem in which the underlying set is updated only by insertions. In the other, the set is updated only by deletions. We show that an intermixed sequence of O(n) queries and updates in both problems can be executed on-line in O(n log n+K) time and O(n log n) space, where K is the total number of reported intersections. Our algorithms utilize set-union and set-splitting algorithms. Especially, we present a linear-time algorithm for the incremental set-splitting problem, and use it for the problem in which only insertions are allowed. The data structures developed here give new better solutions for various geometric problems on orthogonal segments. We give a paradigm of solving those geometric problems by combining graph algorithms with these data structures, and describe a variety of applications.
Loopback DFT for Low-Cost Test of Single-VCO-Based Wireless Transceivers
Authors: Ganesh Srinivasan, Friedrich Taenzler, Abhijit Chatterjee
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2008)

Recent advances in design and process technologies of wireless transceivers have enabled RF IC manufactures to reduce die costs thorough higher levels of integration. This often causes an opposite reaction from the packaging and test costs because of the increase in device complexity. One way to eliminate unnecessary packaging costs and lower final test costs is to introduce simple, low-cost, and well-structured wafer sort tests for RF paths in addition to well-established DC probe tests. This article presents a loopback DFT approach to overcome limitations of conventional loopback approaches for wafer probe tests of single-VCO-based transceiver architectures. Go/no-go tests derived using the loopback DFT are used to screen dies during wafer probe. A study of the test yield observed during final test with and without the proposed loopback DFT tests performed on Texas Instruments TRF6903 devices is presented to validate the approach.
Design Strategy
Authors: Rebecca J. Wirfs-Brock
Venue: IEEE Software (2008)

Designers need to sharpen their focus and apply design energy where it will have the most impact. So, identifying what's core to our system's success is one of the most critical things we must do.