ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the cost of migration from wireless tdm networks to next generation packet networks
Authors: Huan Li, Haitao Lin, Hee Lee, Prabir Das
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (2008)

The major wireless operators are actively migrating their networks from circuit switched networks to all packet (IP) based next generation networks. One of the key issues impeding the migration is the associated cost. Though managing the CAPEX (CAPital EXpenditures) and OPEX (OPerational EXpenditure) has been the focus of the operators, minimizing the cost from the perspective of system design has received relatively less attention. In this paper, we investigate a particular trunk allocation problem in a circuit/packet hybrid switch to show how system and algorithm design can significantly reduce the migration cost, so that the operators achieve cost effective migration. In such a problem, allocating different trunk types to the two legs of a call/session results in utilization of a special hardware — an interworking unit to bridge the two types of trunks (TDM and IP) so that the call can be completed. The interworking unit is costly to the operators since it is a pure migration cost with no value after the migration. The key to minimize such cost lies in algorithm design to minimize the traffic requirement of the interworking unit, which is a challenging task due to the complexity of the problem. We develop an analytic model to characterize the traffic over the interworking unit in a hybrid switch with both packet and circuit trunk resources. The system is decoupled into two subsystems, each of which is modeled as a two-dimensional Markov chain. Exact solution of the model is provided through a recursion, and an iterative algorithm is developed to eliminate the difficulty in finding the solution for a large scale system. The accuracy of the iterative algorithm is verified by the simulation results from a OPNET simulation model. The numerical results show the algorithm is very accurate. It can be used to optimize the system resource provisioning and traffic distribution for minimizing the bridged traffic in a hybrid switch. Our results demonstrate it can provide significant cost and performance benefit during migration from TDM networks to next generation packet networks.
The Design of Government
Authors: Neville Holmes
Venue: Computer (2009)

Computing professionals have skills and experience relevant to the proper design and implementation of systems of government.
Introducing musical language learning in pre-school education (3 to 5 years old)
Authors: M Del Rosario Castanon, Carlos Vivaracho-Pascual
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Acoustics & music: theory & applications (2009)

This paper describes a new pedagogical method to introduce musical language learning in preschool education (3 to 5 years of age). This learning process is carried out alongside the evolution and development of the process of learning to read and write within a global learning environment. The association of particular sounds with their written forms occurs simultaneously in both the linguistic and musical spheres. It contributes to the development of several psychomotor characteristics and hand-to-eye coordination, it improves sound production and vocal dexterity, respiratory control, the syllabic relationship between words and rhythm, the refinement of the aural and oral adjustment processes and the introduction of interpretative and creative abilities, thus developing the child's ability to express him/herself. A computer application has also been developed to act as a support for this methodology. The use of ICTs (Information and Communications Technologies) at an early age favours the development of eye movement as well as learning how to handle this kind of technology. Another important point is that the use of computers allows multimedia play activities to be introduced and this aspect is highly attractive to children.
Improving security and flexibility of user authentication
Authors: Jan Hajny, Tomáš Pelka, Václav Zeman
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th WSEAS international conference on Applied mathematics (2008)

User authentication is an important part of computer network cryptography. It becomes more and more essential for security with the latest progress in the field of computer science. We analyze latest trends in the article. Our goal is to answer the question whether these trends reflect current state in computer networks. We are focused on security and from this point of view we find the progress unsatisfactory. The reason is that most of current work is focused on operational parameters more than on security. That's why we give an example of a less known authentication method which can solve the most important issues of current protocols - security and protocol flexibility. The main advantage of this method is its mathematical model which can prove the security. As the flexibility of the method is also vital for modern multi domain networks we provide a modification of this method to improve the process of authentication and authorization.
Design and Test of Digital Circuits by Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata, 1st edition
Authors: Fabrizo Lombardi, Jing Huang
Venue:  (2007)

Here is the first book devoted to quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) - an emerging nanoelectronic circuit design technology that more and more industry experts are viewing as a superior alternative to current technologies. QCA promises to help practitioners achieve room temperature operation and realize improvements in speed, density and power over existing (CMOS) systems. This groundbreaking resource provides a comprehensive view of QCA, showing practitioners how to work with this cutting-edge technology. The book offers an in-depth understanding of the design, test, defect tolerance, and computer aided design support for QCA. It identifies and discusses the key challenges facing QCA and offers possible solutions to these issues. Additionally, professionals find a comprehensive nanotechnology survey, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies.
Inverse piano technique for studying finger interaction during pressing tasks
Authors: Joel Martin, Mark Latash, Vladimir Zatsiorsky
Venue: Proceedings of the World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2009)

When a person moves or presses with an individual finger other fingers also produce a force (Kilbreath and Gandevia 1994; Li et al. 2004; Zatsiorsky et al. 2000). Several factors are known to contribute to this response: (1) peripheral mechanical coupling, (2) multi-digit motor units, and (3) diverging central commands. This phenomenon, known as enslaving, has traditionally been studied in isometric pressing tasks. The purpose of this project was to build a device, an Inverse Piano (IP), to study finger interaction in non-isometric pressing tasks. The IP allows for fingers to be unexpectedly raised or lowered during pressing tasks. Fingers are perturbed by linear motors located directly under uni-dimensional force sensors, which serve as the “piano keys”. Motors are triggered using National Instruments LabVIEW. This allows key position and finger force data to be recorded simultaneously. The IP makes possible the studying of several factors on the finger force outcome and coordination. In particular, the following factors can be explored: (a) Finger combination. There are 15 combinations of the key manipulation: four 1-finger tasks (I, M, R, L, where the letters designate the index, middle, ring, and little finger respectively); six 2-finger tasks (IM, IR, IL, MR, ML, RL); four 3-finger tasks (IMR, IML, IRL, MRL) and one 4-finger task (IMRL). (b) Predictability of the key raising. The options are innumerable but can be roughly classified into three groups: (1) both the sequence and time intervals are unknown to the subjects; (2) the sequence is known but the time intervals are unknown; and (3) both the sequence and time intervals are known in advance. (c) Amplitude of key movement. The IP is capable of displacing fingers up to 2 cm, in increments less than 1 mm. (d) The speed of key movement. The IP can vary key movement rates of between 2 mm/s to 4,687 mm/s. (e) Resistance of the keys to the external force. The resistance can mimic different mechanical properties, e.g. elastic reistance which is proportional to the key displacement, damping resistance proportional to the speed, dry friction, etc. The magnitude of the resistance, e.g. ‘stiffness’, can also be varied. (f) Feedback with various options: (1) visual feedback on the computer screen, the subject can also see his/her hand; (2) no visual feedback on the screen, however the subject can see his/her hand; and (3) no feedback on the screen, the subject cannot see his/her hand. Thus far experimentation using IP has only investigated effects of varying magnitude of displacement.
Fostering Project-based, Active Learning through Use of Technology
Authors: Teresa Bader, Teh-yuan Wan
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Learning by Effective Utilization of Technologies: Facilitating Intercultural Understanding (2006)

In this paper, we present a successful, systemic, and sustainable approach to integrating technology into the K-12 teaching and learning environment. We will discuss obstacles and causes for failure that impeded previous attempts. We will share the vision, methodology and results that have had such a significant impact in New York City classrooms. Teachers have improved their content knowledge, technology and information literacy skills, perceptions about technology, and the use of inquiry to promote understanding. Students are better prepared to access and manage print and electronic information, think critically, solve problems, work on teams, and communicate and collaborate with students around the world.
Implicit Metadata Generation on the Semantic Desktop Using Task Management as Example
Authors: Olaf Grebner, Uwe Riss
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Formal Ontologies Meet Industry (2008)

The daily work activities of knowledge workers (KWers) are characterized by a highly dynamic working style that challenges support by task management (TM) systems. In this paper we present the KASIMIR personal task management system that operates on Nepomuk Social Semantic Desktop. KASIMIR features a combination of a task sidebar with a set of task plug-ins into common desktop applications such as email clients and web browsers to tightly integrate the TM into the KWer's knowledge production activities. Thereby, KASIMIR exploits a KWer's task management activities to seamlessly create metadata within the KWer's personal semantic network. Based on this example, we present a mechanism that leverages actions the KWer performs anyway within the knowledge work process to create metadata. This is a powerful alternative to the common problem of enterprise environments that KWers lack the willingness to contribute effort to create annotations without receiving direct benefit. The evaluation of KASIMIR's task plug-in approach showed that it was well received.
Implications of the application of recursive least squares algorithms to satellite orbit determination using GPS measurements
Authors: Paula Cristiane Pinto Mesquita Pardal, Helio Koiti Kuga, Rodolpho Vilhena De Moraes
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS (2009)

The main target here is to determine the orbit of an artificial satellite and to analyze its implications, using least squares algorithms through sequential Givens rotations as the method of estimation, and data of the GPS receivers. This approach longs for to improve the performance of the orbit estimation process and, at the same time, to minimize the computational procedure cost. Perturbations due to high order geopotential and direct solar radiation pressure were taken into account. The position of the GPS antenna on the satellite body that, lately, consists of the influence of the satellite attitude motion in the orbit determination process, was also considered. An application has been done, using real data from the Topex/Poseidon satellite, whose ephemeris were available. In a process of high accuracy orbit determination, frequently a sinusoidal residual behavior is observed during its error analysis. Actually, it is the result of unmodeled residual accelerations, which present frequencies near or multiple to the satellite period and appear by different reasons. Assuming that we cope with the unmodeled accelerations, which have no direct physical reasons, or that the modeling effort is not worthwhile, such accelerations will also be analyzed, empirically.
CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2008
Authors: Isaca
Venue:  (2007)

The CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2008 consists of 600 multiple-choice study questions that have previously appeared in the CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2006 and the 2007 Supplement. Many questions have been revised or completely rewritten to recognize a change in job practice, be more representative of the current CISA exam question format, and/or to provide further clarity or explanation of the suggested correct answer. These questions are not actual exam items, but are intended to provide the CISA candidate with an understanding of the type and structure of questions and content that have previously appeared on the exam. This publication is ideal to use in conjunction with the CISA Review Manual 2008. To assist the user in maximizing their study efforts, questions are presented in the following two ways: Sorted by job practice area Scrambled as a sample 200-question exam The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Component placement and location for a dynamic software composition system
Authors: Behzad Sajed Khosrowshahi, Peter Graham
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (2009)

In this paper, we discuss an approach to wide-area dynamic software composition that avoids the cost, inflexibility and complexity of installing and maintaining applications on user devices (laptops, cell phones, etc.) and at the same time addresses issues related to performance and security that limit the applicability of application servers, cloud computing and the like. Specifically, this paper deals with a core problem encountered in trying to build such a system: the placement and subsequent location of software components that will be composed "on-the-fly" to create applications customized to meet user needs, current location and device capabilities.
Intelligent Technique and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis of Locomotive Bearing Based on Granular Computing
Authors: Zhang Zhousuo, Yan Xiaoxu, Cheng Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part III (2009)

This paper presents a new approach to intelligent fault diagnosis of the machinery based on granular computing. The tolerance granularity space mode is constructed by means of the inner-class distance defined in the attributes space. Different features of the vibration signals, including time domain statistical features and frequency domain statistical features, are extracted and selected using distance evaluation technique as the attributes to construct the granular structure. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to fault diagnosis of locomotive bearings, testing results show that the proposed approach can reliably recognize different faulty categories and severities.
A Nonlinear Structure Tensor with the Diffusivity Matrix Composed of the Image Gradient
Authors: Jooyoung Hahn, Chang-Ock Lee
Venue: Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision (2009)

We propose a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) for regularizing a tensor which contains the first derivative information of an image such as strength of edges and a direction of the gradient of the image. Unlike a typical diffusivity matrix which consists of derivatives of a tensor data, we propose a diffusivity matrix which consists of the tensor data itself, i.e., derivatives of an image. This allows directional smoothing for the tensor along edges which are not in the tensor but in the image. That is, a tensor in the proposed PDE is diffused fast along edges of an image but slowly across them. Since we have a regularized tensor which properly represents the first derivative information of an image, the tensor is useful to improve the quality of image denoising, image enhancement, corner detection, and ramp preserving denoising. We also prove the uniqueness and existence of solution to the proposed PDE.
A Method to Classify Data by Fuzzy Rule Extraction from Imbalanced Datasets
Authors: Vicenç Soler, Jesus Cerquides, Josep Sabria, Jordi Roig, Marta Prim
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development (2006)

We propose a method based on fuzzy rules for the classification of imbalanced datasets when understandability is an issue. We propose a new method for fuzzy variable construction based on modifying the set of fuzzy variables obtained by the RecBF/DDA algorithm. Later, these variables are combined into fuzzy rules by means of a Genetic Algorithm. The method has been developed for the detection of Down's syndrome in fetus. We provide empirical results showing its accuracy for this task. Furthermore, we provide more generic experimental results over UCI datasets proving that the method can have a wider applicability.
Design of Fuzzy Models through Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Arun Khosla, Shakti Kumar, K. K. Aggarwal, Jagatpreet Singh
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Integrated Intelligent Systems for Engineering Design (2006)

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is a robust stochastic evolutionary computation engine, belongs to the broad category of swarm intelligence (SI) techniques. SI paradigm has been inspired by the social behavior of ants, bees, wasps, birds, fishes and other biological creatures and is emerging as an innovative and powerful computational metaphor for solving complex problems in design, optimization, control, management, business and finance. SI may be defined as any attempt to design distributed problem-solving algorithms that emerges from the social interaction. The objective of this chapter is to present the use of PSO algorithm for building optimal fuzzy models from the available data. The fuzzy model identification procedure using PSO as an optimization engine has been implemented as a Matlab toolbox and is also presented in this chapter. For the purpose of illustration and validation of the approach, the data from the rapid Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery charger developed by the authors has been used.
An Object-Oriented Design for Two-Dimensional Vortex Particle Methods
Authors: Prabhu Ramachandran, M. Ramakrishna
Venue: ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) (2009)

Vortex methods offer a grid-free alternative to simulating incompressible, viscous, fluid flows. They require the use of fairly sophisticated algorithms and can be complicated to implement for general flows. This article describes an object-oriented design used to implement a vortex particle based flow solver in two dimensions. We provide an overview of the various abstractions that arose as a result of this design. Several of the algorithms have common components that may be abstracted and reused. We demonstrate how the design allowed us to derive the traditional benefits of OOD. In addition, we show how the design directly suggested elegant generalizations of existing algorithms. Finally, we show the benefits of using software testing techniques and building a powerful scripting layer for the library.
Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming
Authors: Raymond Lister, Colin Fidge, Donna Teague
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2009)

This paper reports on a replication of earlier studies into a possible hierarchy of programming skills. In this study, the students from whom data was collected were at a university that had not provided data for earlier studies. Also, the students were taught the programming language "Python", which had not been used in earlier studies. Thus this study serves as a test of whether the findings in the earlier studies were specific to certain institutions, student cohorts, and programming languages. Also, we used a non-parametric approach to the analysis, rather than the linear approach of earlier studies. Our results are consistent with the earlier studies. We found that students who cannot trace code usually cannot explain code, and also that students who tend to perform reasonably well at code writing tasks have also usually acquired the ability to both trace code and explain code.
Canon EOS 40D Guide to Digital Photography, 1st edition
Authors: David D. Busch
Venue:  (2007)

As the new owner of Canon's most advanced intermediate digital SLR, you want to get started taking professional-looking photographs using all of the exciting features at your fingertips. "Canon EOS 40D Guide to Digital SLR Photography" is a concise introduction and guide to your camera's essential controls and functions, such as Live View, built-in dust reduction, and the blistering 6.5-frames-per-second continuous shooting mode that is an action photographers dream. The book provides detailed instructions showing you how, when, and why to make optimized settings with the Canon EOS 40Ds enhanced menus, which include a half-dozen versatile new custom functions. You'll learn about the camera's improved automatic focus, flash synchronization tricks, how to choose lenses that will provide the perspective and effects you want, and which exposure modes are ideal for each picture-taking opportunity. Packed with full-color images and examples that illustrate the recommended techniques and settings for your Canon EOS 40D, this book helps photographers of any skill level begin maximizing their equipment as soon as you open the cover! The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A toolset for automated failure analysis
Authors: Leonardo Mariani, Fabrizio Pastore, Mauro Pezze
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (2009)

Classic fault localization techniques can automatically provide information about the suspicious code blocks that are likely responsible for observed failures. This information is useful, but not sufficient to completely understand the causes of failing executions, which still require further (time-consuming) investigations to be exactly identified.
Design of resolution adaptive TIQ flash ADC using AMS 0.35 &#181;m technology
Authors: G. Rajashekar, M. S. Bhat
Venue: International Journal of Information and Communication Technology (2009)

This paper presents a resolution adaptive flash A&#47;D converter design and its performance. To achieve high speed, the proposed A&#47;D converter utilises threshold inverter quantisation technique replacing conventional analogue comparators with digital comparators. The replacement results in a faster digital conversion and a reduction of the analogue nodes in the ADC. The proposed ADC is a true variable resolution ADC, operates at 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit and 6-bit precision depending on control inputs. The proposed ADC is designed with AMS 0.35 &mu;m CMOS technology and 3.3 V power supply voltage and a prototype chip is fabricated. Simulation results and test results are presented.