ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Improved lineariser methods for queueing networks with queue dependent centres
Authors: A. Krzesinski, J. Greyling
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1984)

The Lineariser is an MVA-based technique developed for the approximate solution of large multiclass product form queueing networks. The Lineariser is capable of computing accurate solutions for networks of fixed rate centres. However, problems arise when the Lineariser is applied to networks containing centres with queue dependent service rates. Thus networks exist which seem well suited (a large number of lightly loaded centres, large numbers of customers in each closed chain) for Lineariser solution but whose queue dependent centres cannot be solved accurately by the Lineariser method. Examples have also been found where the Lineariser computes accurate values for the queue lengths, waiting times and throughputs though the values computed for the queue length distributions are totally in error. This paper presents an Improved Lineariser which computes accurate approximate solutions for multiclass networks containing an arbitrary number of queue dependent centres. The Improved Lineariser is based on MVA results and is therefore simple to implement and numerically well behaved. The Improved Lineariser has storage and computation requirements of order (MN) locations and (MNJ2) arithmetic operations where M is the number of centres, N the total number of customers and J the number of closed chains. Results from 130 randomly generated test networks are used to compare the accuracy of the standard and Improved Linearisers. The Improved Lineariser is consistently more accurate (tolerance errors on all performance measures less than 2 per cent) than the standard Lineariser and its accuracy is insensitive to the size of the network model. In addition, the Improved Lineariser computes accurate solutions for networks which cause the standard Lineariser to fail.
Smalltalk
Authors: David Robson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

Smalltalk is an object-oriented programming environment developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center over the last twelve years. All components of the Smalltalk environment are represented as objects that communicate by exchanging messages. This includes all of the common data types and operating system features found in a typical programming environment. For example, Smalltalk includes objects representing numbers, arrays, text, disk files, and independent processes. Messages are exchanged to initiate arithmetic calculation, data storage and retrieval, text editing, file access and process scheduling.
Computer aided minimization procedure for boolean functions
Authors: Nripendra N. Biswas
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

The paper describes CAMP, a Computer Aided Minimization Procedure for Boolean functions. The procedure is based on theorems of switching theory and fully exploits the power of degree of adjacency. The program does not generate any superfluous prime implicant and all the essential and selective prime implicants are chosen with no or minimum iteration. For shallow functions consisting mainly of essential prime implicants (EPIs) and a few selective prime implicants (SPIs), CAMP produces the exact minimal sum of product form. For dense functions consisting of a large number of inter-connected cyclic SPI chains, the solution may not be exactly minimal, but near minimal.
Interactive debugging of concurrent programs (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Janice Cynthia Weber
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN software engineering symposium on High-level debugging (1983)

This paper summarizes techniques for designing and implementing source-level interactive debuggers for concurrent programs. Facilities common to source-level interactive debuggers have been adapted to meet the needs of a concurrent programming environment. Of special interest are those debugging facilities which allow the programmer to monitor and influence the execution of concurrent processes.
Specification languages for control programs
Authors: Joseph H. Austin,  Jr.
Venue: Proceeding of ACM SIGPLAN - SIGOPS interface meeting on Programming languages - operating systems (1973)

This study (1) describes an approach to the formal specification of control programs based on the generalized concept of binding. From this viewpoint, the individual operations of a control program may be described by a graphic specification language [related to mem-theory (2)], whose statements are pairs of graphs depicting the original and final binding states of system elements. A global view of interrelationships and dynamic behavior of the system may be described by an extension of Petri-nets (3, 4) depicting the flow of system elements from one state of local binding to another. A rational approach to the design of a new programming language must begin with an analysis of the &ldquo;meanings&rdquo; that are to be expressed; an appropriate, compilable syntax can then be developed around this skeleton. Consequently, we seek to identify, the characteristic features of operating system programming, and in particular those that differentiate these programs from conventional ones.
What type of model: Analytic, simulation or hybrid simulation/analytic
Authors: Robert G. Sargent
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

The purpose of this panel session is to discuss when to use and the advantages and disadvantages of analytic, simulation, and hybrid simulation/analytic models. Four panelists will speak to open the session and then a general discussion will take place among the panelists and the session attendees.
Presenting simulation results with TESS graphics
Authors: Charles R. Standridge, John R. Hoffman, Steven A. Walker
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

Graphics provide an appropriate and effective mechanism for displaying the results of simulation runs. These results include individual observations of data values and statistical summaries of these values, as well as the structure and dynamics of models. Standard business graphics and animation techniques can be used to display these simulation results. TESS provides a framework for a collection of data during simulation runs, the selection of data to appear on graphs, and the generation of presentation graphs and animations.
Issues in IC implementation of high level, abstract designs
Authors: Jin H. Kim, Daniel P. Siewiorek
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

With the exponential explosion in chip complexity there is a growing need for high level design aids. A preliminary experiment was conducted in mating a hierarchical, top-down DA system for data paths with an existing IC placement and router. Nine designs ranging in complexity from 7 to 150 register transfers were synthesized. Strong correlations were observed between high level, abstract measures and final placed and routed chip area. It was observed that use of logic primitives of a moderate level abstraction yielded a 50% savings in placed and routed chip area.
An adult education course in personal computing
Authors: N. Solntseff
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1980)

The paper describes a non-credit course being offered through the School of Adult Education at McMaster University. The aim of the course is to familiarize members of the general public with what home computers can do for them and to provide the knowledge needed for the selection and purchase of a personal computer.
Management of a large computer network simulation project
Authors: Ronald Segal, Norman White
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1976)

As simulation technology matures, there is an increasing demand for the development of useful products within specified time and cost constraints. Hence, simulation studies must be managed and measured by the same criteria as other large projects. The project described in this paper, a behavioral study of a possible national computer network, requires the implementation of a large and complex simulation model. In order to manage better the many individuals and diverse groups contributing to the overall effort, many of the new advances in project management, software design, and programming technology have been adopted. The results of this effort tend to support the economies and efficiencies in programming, as well as improvements in reliability, usually claimed by advocates of these techniques. More significantly, these approaches make it possible to keep all participants active in overall project progress. They have also permitted a work segmentation that takes advantage of the variety of personnel available to the project.
Recognition of English and Arabic Numerals Using a Dynamic Number of Hidden Neurons
Authors: Fady N. Said, Rita A. Yacoub, Ching Y. Suen
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

The paper introduces a method of finding the neighborhood of the optimal number of hidden neurons for an error back propagation neural network with a single hidden layer. It is based on a study of the curvature of the error function, during the training phase of the network.The method assures convergence and bypasses local minimas. Experimental results show the uniqueness of the method's solution regardless of the initial values of the network's parameters. Two neural networks were built, one for recognizing unconstrained handwritten English numerals and the other for Arabic numerals. Recognition results and comparison with other methods are also presented.
R DC 265-a time-sharing, batch, data acquisition computer system
Authors: G. M. White, R. L. Shuey
Venue: Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference (1969)

The Research and Development Center of the General Electric Company had operational requirements for the following 1. Time-Sharing 2. Batch Computation 3. Acquisition of Scientific and Engineering Data from several sites. 4. Communication of Data to a large batch processing 600 computer at a remote site. To fulfill these, a GE 235 disc system was upgraded to a GE 265 system where minor hardware changes and major software changes were made from the standard commercial offering. These changes allowed concurrent operation of batch and time-sharing, the serving of experimental systems, and the coupling to special terminals attached to experiments in physical science. This paper describes many of the unique features of this system, special terminals developed, our operational experiences, and the successes achieved in automating experiments to work with the time-sharing system.
Numerical methods for reduction of group representations
Authors: John R. Gabriel
Venue: Proceedings of the second ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic manipulation (1971)

A method is given for reduction of representations by finite matrices of finite and infinite groups, using the matrices of the generators for the representations provided these are finite in number. It does not necessitate construction of every element of the group, and care is taken to eliminate unnecessary steps in the calculation. The method may be used for representations which are not completely reducible.
Thesaurus on American works of art (abstract only)
Authors: Eleanor E. Fik
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - I): Information processing in the social sciences and humanities - Volume 1981 (1981)

FOLK is an online analysis and retrieval system developed for the 1801 census of Norway, which is machine readable in a full-text and a coded version, each with approximately 1,000,000 records on individuals. The main advantage of the system is speed. FOLK consists of several parts:- A fast program for statistical analysis of the simple kind. Cross tabulations can be done in 1/16 of the time used by SPSS.- An interface to statistical and graphical packages for more complicated analysis.- A retrieval system for finding subsets of the data base. The subset can be anything from a single person to a region. Information from the coded and the full text version can be used for subtracting individuals.- A recoding system for recoding the coded version using a simple semantic analysis of the full-text version.- A fully computerized record linkage system. Information from other sources can be automatically added to the records on the individuals in the census.
Summer high school computer workshop
Authors: Gerald A. Jones
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1982)

Although the use of computers in secondary schools is rapidly increasing, there still remain many schools (particularly the smaller rural schools) which have no computer access suitable for classroom instruction. Providing educational opportunities in computers for students from these schools is a need which often can be easily filled by the university. The Computer Science Department at Bowling Green State University has offered a week-long computer summer workshop for the past five summers aimed at filling this need. The workshops have been very successful, introducing the world of computers to many talented area high schoolers who would not otherwise have had the opportunity. As the use of computers in the secondary schools increases and changes, the role of this workshop will also change, but there will always be a need for special learning opportunities, such as this workshop, which the university can provide to supplement the computer education in the secondary schools.
Horizons of simulation and marketing management
Authors: William G. Browne
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

A paper titled &ldquo;Simulation in Marketing Management - An Audit&rdquo; 1/ provides evidence to indicate that the number of publications in the field of computer simulation and marketing management had reached a peak in 1968-9 and had since declined. The intent of this paper is to: 1) review the data furnished in the above paper, 2) identify possible causes of the findings, and 3) provide evidence to show that a major shift in the publication record can be expected. A major portion of the paper will be devoted to the shift that has taken place in projects currently being completed versus those that were completed and published in the 1965-71 period. A questionnaire was used to obtain data to identify the changes currently underway.
Computer-Aided Software Engineering in a distributed workstation environment
Authors: David B. Leblang, Robert P. Chase,  Jr.
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1984)

Computer-Aided Software Engineering environments are becoming essential for complex software projects, just as CAD systems have become essential for complex hardware projects. DSEE, the DOMAIN Software Engineering Environment, is a distributed, production quality, software development environment that runs on Apollo workstations. DSEE provides source code control, configuration management, release control, advice management, task management, and user-defined dependency tracking with automatic notification. DSEE incorporates some of the best ideas from existing systems. This paper describes DSEE, contrasts it other systems, and discusses some of the technical issues involved in the construction of a highly-reliable, safe, efficient, and distributed development environment.
The future of commercial computing
Authors: Robert Gilges
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

United States' business computing power is dedicated to the transaction-based activities of companies, not to the needs of senior executives responsible for critical corporate decisions. Software supporting current business systems is absolete and inflexible. Antiquated, inappropriate software undermines business ability to compete. Business requires new better systems that will provide external competitive data, as well as economic and research data vital to strategic decisions concerning products, operations, production, marketing, personnel and investments. There are four approaches to these future systems - redesign, package software, retrofitting, and prototyping. Retrofitting provides a unique approach to the immediate problem of prolonging the aging application portfolio while prototyping will likely be an important future direction in system design and development.
The MBA and MIS: The integration of mis and management education
Authors: Benn Konsynski, Jay Nunamaker
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

Over the past ten years, management information systems has emerged from obscurity to become one of the recognized functional areas of business and government. It is now impossible for most organizations to function without computer-aided information systems, and prospects are that organizations will become even more dependent upon such systems in the future. Computerized payroll systems, inventory systems, record and bookkeeping systems were among the first practical applications of modern computer technology in business and governmental organizations. As computer applications in organizations expanded, so did the volume of data collected. By the late 1960s, the need to coordinate this ever-increasing volume of data led to the concept of management information systems.
Programming Languages for Non-Numeric Processing&mdash;1: examples of symbol manipulation in the AMBIT Programming Language
Authors: C. Christensen
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

THE AMBIT PROGRAMMING language has been applied to problems in two areas. In the area of algebraic symbol manipulation, programs have been written in AMBIT for elementary arithmetic, elementary algebra, formal differentiation, set operations, and propositional calculus. In the area of list processing, a variety of programs have been written for syntactic analysis, including both &ldquo;top-down&rdquo; and &ldquo;bottom-up&rdquo; analysis. This paper is intended to exhibit the important features of AMBIT without entering into a complete and formal definition of AMBIT. The paper contains a brief informal definition of the language and several examples of programs written in the language. The informal definition discusses primarily those facilities of the language which are used in the example programs; other facilities currently available in AMBIT are not mentioned. The definition depends on the example programs for the illustration and clarification of difficult points, and the reader is advised to defer a detailed examination of the definition until he has read through the example programs.
A processor for a high-performance personal computer
Authors: Butler W. Lampson, Kenneth A. Pier
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

This paper describes the design goals, micro- architecture, and implementation of the microprogrammed processor for a compact high performance personal computer. This computer supports a range of high level language environments and high bandwidth I/O devices. Besides the processor, it has a cache, a memory map, main storage, and an instruction fetch unit; these are described in other papers. The processor can be shared among 16 microcoded tasks, performing microcode context switches on demand with essentially no overhead. Conditional branches are done without any lookahead or delay. Microinstructions are fairly tightly encoded, and use an interesting variant on control field sharing. The processor implements a large number of internal registers, hardware stacks, a cyclic shifter/masker, and an arithmetic/logic unit, together with external data paths for instruction fetching, memory interface, and I/O, in a compact, pipe-lined organization. The machine has a 50 ns microcycle, and can execute a simple macroinstruction in one cycle; the available I/O bandwidth is 640 Mbits/sec. The entire machine, including disk, display and network interfaces, is implemented with approximately 3000 MSI components, mostly ECL 10K; the processor is about 35% of this. In addition there are up to 4 storage modules, each with about 300 16K or 64K RAMS and 200 MSI components, for a total of 8 Mbytes. Several prototypes are currently running.
Ratio estimates in Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Irwin Kabak, Bertram Price
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

Simulation is a method of analysis that has found widespread application. Almost all simulations involve some probabilistic aspects and are known as Monte Carlo simulations. Because of the probabilistic aspects of these types of simulations the outputs are themselves probabilistic in nature. Actually, the outputs are random variables and as such, possess distribution functions which must be estimated. The ever present question of length of run is with us. In order to ascertain whether or not the estimated proportions (the answers) are within the desired limits of accuracy, an estimate of variance is required. Herein we shall address ourselves to sampling methods for estimating a single proportion emphasizing statistical properties of the estimates.
Experience with advanced office automation techniques for project management
Authors: Duncan C. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

This paper describes experiences gained during the course of a fairly large, multi-site project in which an integrated, computer-based electronic message and document preparation system was employed as the principal coordinating mechanism for the project. Approximately 60 individuals had direct access to this system and used it as their primary means of communication for the duration of the project.
Foreground/background segmentation of color images by integration of multiple cues
Authors: Qian Huang, B. Dam, D. Steele, J. Ashley, W. Niblack
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

This research addresses the issue of automatically segmenting color images into foreground (F) and back-ground (B) regions with the assumption that background regions are relatively smooth but may have gradually varying colors or be slightly textured. A multi-level segmentation scheme is used that involves color clustering, unsupervised segmentation using MDL (minimum description length) principle, edge-based F/B separation, and integrated F/B segmentation. The approach has been tested on more than 100 images. Some of the experimental results are presented.
A microprogramming language for the B-1726
Authors: D. J. DeWitt, M. S. Schlansker, D. E. Atkins
Venue: Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1973)

The &ldquo;New Products&rdquo; section of a recent issue of COMPUTER I carried announcements of four new commercial computers offering writeable microprogram memory. Three of these, the HP2100S, the Interdata Model 85, and the Microdata 3200, provide at least rudimentary facilities to develop trailored instruction sets, special algorithms, or entire applications functions. The fourth was the IBM System/370, Model 115. In addition, the two-level microprogrammed Nanodata QM-1, is now operational, and providing empirical data with which to appraise contemporary concepts of microprogramming and emulation. Another recent entry into the writeable control store machine market is the Burroughs B-1700 family5-8. Although at this point in time user of the machine are not supported in access to the micro-level, such access is technically possible and there is evidence that Burroughs may eventually make exception to a hands off policy.