ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Data abstraction and information hiding
Authors: K. Rustan M. Leino, Greg Nelson
Venue: ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) (2002)

This article describes an approach for verifying programs in the presence of data abstraction and information hiding, which are key features of modern programming languages with objects and modules. This article draws on our experience building and using an automatic program checker, and focuses on the property of modular soundness: that is, the property that the separate verifications of the individual modules of a program suffice to ensure the correctness of the composite program. We found this desirable property surprisingly difficult to achieve. A key feature of our methodology for modular soundness is a new specification construct: the abstraction dependency, which reveals which concrete variables appear in the representation of a given abstract variable, without revealing the abstraction function itself. This article discusses in detail two varieties of abstraction dependencies: static and dynamic. The article also presents a new technical definition of modular soundness as a monotonicity property of verifiability with respect to scope and uses this technical definition to formally prove the modular soundness of a programming discipline for static dependencies.
Legal Research: Historical Foundations of the Electronic Age, 1st edition
Authors: George S. Grossman
Venue:  (1994)

:Maintaining that the development of legal research tools has been a fundamental and integral part of the history of law, this anthology includes selections and notes on court reports, digests, legislative codes, administrative regulations, citators, treatises, law reviews and other sources. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Special Edition Using Macromedia Director 8.5 with Cdrom
Authors: Gary Rosenzweig
Venue:  (2001)

:Special Edition Using Director 8.5 is a comprehensive guide to creating and publishing Director movies. In this book you'll find complete coverage of Director 8.5, from advanced issues such as Lingo scripting and multi-user applications to how to employ the hot new feature of the 3D API. This edition includes more coverage of multi-user applications, using 3D media, efficient sprite editing with the context-sensitive Property Inspector, increased control of cast members (sorting by name, date, type, size) through the Cast Manager, vector drawing tools that add illustration capability, and special imaging effects and Transition Behaviors to add pizzazz and drama to applications. As an added bonus, Special Edition Using Director 8.5 has nine appendixes that include keyboard shortcuts, a Lingo reference, and a behavior library quick reference.
A+ Exam Notes: Core Module
Authors: David Groth, Michael Jones
Venue:  (1998)

:Need to brush up on computer hardware, diagnosis and repair, and customer service to pass the A+ Core Module? Use this handy review guide to learn what you need to know to ace the test. Focused objective-by-objective coverage provides a quick and thorough review of all the information you need to know for this demanding exam. Covers the new (1998) A+ Core Module exam.
Feasibility of an Ag-alloy film as a thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display source/drain material
Authors: C. O. Jeong, N. S. Roh, S. G. Kim, H. S. Park, C. W. Kim, D. S. Sakong, J. H. Seok, K. H. Chung, W. H. Lee, Dongwen Gan, Paul S. Ho, B. S. Cho, B. J. Kang, H. J. Yang, Y. K. Ko
Venue: Journal of Electronic Materials (2002)

The Ag-alloy films have been investigated as source/drain materials applicable to thin-film transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCDs). The Ag-alloy consisting of 0.9at.%Pd, 1.7at.%Cu (designated APC) showed a resistivity that was lower than one-half that of AlNd. It also had good contact characteristics with amorphous Si (a-Si). In addition, the Ag/Si was stable after heating to above 700°C, requiring no diffusion barrier to prevent reaction between Ag and Si. Pure Ag films deposited on glass by DC magnetron sputtering showed severe hillock formation, hole growth, and agglomeration upon annealing in air. In comparison, the APC-alloy film exhibited improved resistance to agglomeration. Further, inverted-staggered back-channel-etch hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs using an APC-alloy film as a source/drain material had a threshold voltage of 4 V. A structure of single layers of gate-APC alloys and source/drain-APC alloys leads to lower costs and productivity improvements of large-area, high-resolution, active-matrix LCDs, such as 40-in. size panels through process simplification.
Sufficient Conditions for Error Bounds
Authors: Zili Wu, Jane J. Ye
Venue: SIAM Journal on Optimization (2002)

For a lower semicontinuous (l.s.c.) inequality system on a Banach space, it is shown that error bounds hold, provided every element in an abstract subdifferential of the constraint function at each point outside the solution set is norm bounded away from zero. A sufficient condition for a global error bound to exist is also given for an l.s. c. inequality system on a real normed linear space. It turns out that a global error bound closely relates to metric regularity, which is useful for presenting sufficient conditions for an l.s. c. system to be regular at sets. Under the generalized Slater condition, a continuous convex system on Rn is proved to be metrically regular at bounded sets.
Numerical Methods for Engineers: With Software and Programming Applications, 4th edition
Authors: Steven C. Chapra, Raymond Canale
Venue:  (2001)

:The fourth edition of Numerical Methods for Engineers offers an innovative and accessible presentation of numerical methods; the book has earned the Meriam-Wiley award which is given by the American Society for Engineering Education for the best textbook. Because computers are increasingly used as tools for numerical analysis, this eagerly anticipated revision maintains its strong computer-orientation. This edition includes sections on major software packages and libraries, and over 150 new problems.
Linux Routing
Authors: Joe Zonker Brockmeier, Dee-Ann Leblanc, Ronald W. McCarty
Venue:  (2001)

:Linux Routing explains and demonstrates routing solutions for common network types, namely LANs, WANs, and VPNs, using various types of hardware, and then explores the inner workings of the daemons and commands used for routing in Linux.The second half of the book revolves around specialized issues. These include building micro-kernels that provide additional routing speed and security; how routing is handled in a list of popular Linux distributions; security issues; traffic monitoring and control; and finally a variety of hardware and software packages available to those running or wanting to run Linux routers.Whether you need routing for a small, subnetted network or a larger scale project, Linux Routing will help you to understand the complexities that come with setting up dynamic routing for complex network configurations on a Linux box. Along the way you'll learn about some of the more popular protocols available and when they are best used, how to configure key routing daemons and what else is available, and how to set up routing and related services in a wide variety of situations.
On name resolution in peer-to-peer networks
Authors: Xiaozhou Li, C. Greg Plaxton
Venue: Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on Principles of mobile computing (2002)

An efficient name resolution scheme is the cornerstone of any peer-to-peer network. The name resolution scheme proposed by Plaxton, Rajaraman, and Richa, which we hereafter refer to as the PRR scheme, is a scalable name resolution scheme that also provides provable locality properties. However, since PRR goes to extra lengths to provide these locality properties, it is somewhat complicated. In this paper, we propose a scalable, locality-aware, and fault-tolerant name resolution scheme which can be considered a simplified version of PRR. Although this new scheme does not provide as strong locality guarantees as PRR, it exploits locality heuristically yet effectively.
Condition Numbers, the Barrier Method, and the Conjugate-Gradient Method
Authors: James Renegar
Venue: SIAM Journal on Optimization (1996)

We show that the condition numbers of the systems of linear equations arising during application of an interior-point method can be nicely bounded in terms of a quantity which is naturally interpreted as the condition number of the system of inequalities to which the method is being applied. We rely on the bound to analyze the efficiency of the conjugate-gradient method in approximately solving the linear equations.
Aha! an illuminating perspective
Authors: David Ginat, Dan Garcia, William Gasarch
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2002)

The 'Aha!' phenomenon is familiar to us in many domains including computer science and mathematics (e.g., [2,3,6]). It often stems from an unexpected point of view that illuminates an appealing solution path. The 'Aha' reaction is common to all. Its occurrence is related to the problem-solvers' common perspectives and solution repertoires. Whether more frequent or less frequent, 'Aha' occurrences enrich and strengthen perspectives and repertoires in a stimulating manner.Consider the following Ladder Problem: calculate the number of different ways to climb an N-stage ladder when each step is either one or two stages. One solution perspective may be 'forward reasoning', leading to a systematic accumulation of the possible climbing paths. Another perspective may be combinatorial, leading to the calculation of all the combinations of 1 and 2 that sum to N. A third perspective may be 'backward reasoning', yielding recursive decomposition of the Nth case into the N-1 and N-2 cases.Some problem-solvers may fairly quickly invoke the third perspective and elegantly obtain the Nth Fibonacci number. Others may first follow one of the other perspectives and later realize the illuminating third perspective. The 'Aha' reactions among the solvers may vary. However, both less experienced and more experienced solvers will gain from recognizing the relevance and elegance of the recursive decomposition and enhance their problem-solving repertoires.
A Guide to MATLAB: For Beginners and Experienced Users
Authors: Brian R. Hunt, Ronald L. Lipsman, J. Rosenberg
Venue:  (2001)

:Here is a short, focused introduction to MATLAB, a comprehensive software system for mathematics and technical computing that should be useful to both beginning and experienced users. It contains concise explanations of essential MATLAB commands, as well as easily understood instructions for using MATLAB's programming features, graphical capabilities, and desktop interface. It also includes an introduction to SIMULINK, a companion to MATLAB for system simulation. Written for MATLAB 6, this book can also be used with earlier (and later) versions of MATLAB. Chapters contain worked-out examples of applications of MATLAB to interesting problems in mathematics, engineering, economics, and physics. In addition, it contains explicit instructions for using MATLAB's Microsoft Word interface to produce polished, integrated, interactive documents for reports, presentations, or on-line publishing. This book explains everything you need to know to begin using MATLAB. Intermediate and advanced users will find useful information here, especially if they are making the switch to MATLAB 6 from an earlier version.
Preemptive Scheduling of Parallel Jobs on Multiprocessors
Authors: Xiaotie Deng, Nian Gu, Tim Brecht, Kaicheng Lu
Venue: SIAM Journal on Computing (2000)

We study the problem of processor scheduling for n parallel jobs applying the method of competitive analysis. We prove that for jobs with a single phase of parallelism, a preemptive scheduling algorithm without information about job execution time can achieve a mean completion time within $2-{2\over n+1}$ times the optimum. In other words, we prove a competitive ratio of $2-{2\over n+1}$. The result is extended to jobs with multiple phases of parallelism (which can be used to model jobs with sublinear speedup) and to interactive jobs (with phases during which the job has no CPU requirements) to derive solutions guaranteed to be within $4-{4\over n+1}$ times the optimum. In comparison with previous work, our assumption that job execution times are unknown prior to their completion is more realistic, our multiphased job model is more general, and our approximation ratio (for jobs with a single phase of parallelism) is tighter and cannot be improved. While this work presents theoretical results obtained using competitive analysis, we believe that the results provide insight into the performance of practical multiprocessor scheduling algorithms that operate in the absence of complete information.
Is byzantine agreement useful in a distributed database?
Authors: Hector Garcia-Molina, Frank Pittelli, Susan Davidson
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems (1984)

This paper is an attempt to bridge the gap that is developing between "practitioners" and "theoreticians" with respect to the use of Byzantine Agreement protocols in distributed database systems. We present an informal overview of Byzantine Agreement and study when and how this type of protocol can be used in general-purpose database management systems. We argue that the main application of this protocol is in the distribution of input transactions to a fully replicated database system. We also argue that other database uses, such as for transaction commit, message broadcast, and object location, may be limited.
Modular termination of context-sensitive rewriting
Authors: Bernhard Gramlich, Salvador Lucas
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Principles and practice of declarative programming (2002)

Context-sensitive rewriting (CSR) has recently emerged as an interesting and flexible paradigm that provides a bridge between the abstract world of general rewriting and the (more) applied setting of declarative specification and programming languages such as OBJ*, CafeOBJ, ELAN, and Maude. A natural approach to study properties of programs written in these languages is to model them as context-sensitive rewriting systems. Here we are especially interested in proving termination of such systems, and thereby providing methods to establish termination of e.g. OBJ* programs. For proving termination of context-sensitive re-writing, there exist a few transformation methods, that reduce the problem to termination of a transformed ordinary term rewriting system (TRS). These transformations, however, have some serious drawbacks. In particular, most of them do not seem to support a modular analysis of the termination problem. In this paper we will show that a substantial part of the well-known theory of modular term rewriting can be extended to CSR, via a thorough analysis of the additional complications arising from context-sensitivity. More precisely, we will mainly concentrate on termination (properties). The obtained modularity results correspond nicely to the fact that in the above languages the modular design of programs and specifications is explicitly promoted, since it can now also be complemented by modular analysis techniques.
S88 Implementation Guide
Authors: Darrin W. Fleming, Velumni A. Pillai, Jvelumni A. Pillai
Venue:  (1998)

:To meet competitive pressures,process industries are turning increasingly to open systems for automation and batch control. If you're now investigating or planning implementation of the industry standard S88. 01,this expert-authored guide can start you on the right foot and shepherd you safely through every stage of the project. S88 Implementation Guide gives everyone on your team the guidance and tools they need to work together for the best possible project result at all stages of design,implementation,and validation; provides an orderly project flow for development,design,and implementation of a system that is maximally efficient,flexible,environmentally responsible,and easier to work with and use; saves your company money by eliminating false starts,missed cues and opportunities,and less-than-optimal results; unites software,engineering,and management team members in a common understanding of definitions,responsibilities,and objectives; pinpoints and helps you avoid common pitfalls,traps,and lost opportunities; yields a highly competitive system open to continuous improvementand a proud,satisfied team. Redesigning and implementing an automated process control system is a complex job requiring the coordination of many talents and the evaluation of numerous priorities. But S88 Implementation Guide gives your team the framework that calls forth their best efforts,deals down issues in a timely and effective mannerand provides your firm with the best possible result. A complete manual for S88 success. To meet competitive pressures,process industries are turning increasingly to open systems for automation and batch control. If you're now investigating or planningimplementation of the industry standard S88. 01,this expert-authored guide can start you on the right foot and shepherd you safely through every stage of the project. S88 Implementation Guide: gives everyone on your team the guidance and tools he or she needs to work together for the best possible project result at all stages of design,implementation,and validation; provides an orderly project flow for development,design,and implementation of a system that is maximally efficient,flexible,environmentally responsible,and easier to work with and use; saves your company money by eliminating false starts,missed cues and opportunities,and less-than-optimal results; unites software,engineering,and management team members in a common understanding of definitions,responsibilities,and objectives; pinpoints and helps you avoid common pitfalls,traps,and lost opportunities; yields a highly competitive system open to continuous improvementand a proud,satisfied team. Redesigning and implementing an automated process control system is a complex job requiring the coordination of many talents and the evaluation of numerous priorities. But S88 Implementation Guide gives your team the framework that calls forth their best efforts,deals down issues in a timely and effective mannerand provides your firm with the best possible result.
Dynamic Vision: From Images to Face Recognition, 1st edition
Authors: Shaogang Gong, Stephen J. McKenna, Alexandra Psarrou
Venue:  (2000)

:Face recognition is a task which the human visual system seems to perform almost effortlessly, yet goal of building machines with comparable capabilities has proven difficult to realize. The task requires the ability to locate and track faces through scenes which are often complex and dynamic. Recognition is difficult because of variations in factors such as lighting conditions, viewpoint, body movement and facial expression. Although evidence from psychophysical and neurobiological experiments provides intriguing insights into how we might code and recognize faces, their bearings on computational and engineering solutions are far from clear.This book describes how to build learning machines to perform face recognition in dynamic scenes. The task at hand is that of engineering robust machine vision systems that can operate under poorly controlled and changing conditions. Many of the issues raised are relevant to object recognition in general, and such visual learning machines have numerous potential applications in areas such as visual surveillance multimedia and visually mediated interaction.
MechWarrior 3: Prima's Official Strategy Guide
Authors: Joe Grant Bell, Rick Barba
Venue:  (1999)

:MechWarrior III features all the lethal warriors and futuristic combat that has made the MechWarrior universe a favorite destination for thousands of gamers. Joe Grant Bell's guide covers everything from mission strategies to combat techniques, allowing players to master this latest MechWarrior offering.
The Cluetrain Manifesto: The End of Business as Usual
Authors: Rick Levine, Christopher Locke, Doc Searls
Venue:  (2000)

:The Cluetrain Manifesto burst onto the scene in March of 1999 with ninety-five theses nailed up on the Web. Within days, www.cluetrain.com had ignited a vibrant global conversation challenging sacred corporate assumptions about the very nature of business in a digital world. Soon, executives across the country were lining up to sign the manifesto. This is the book that delivers on that buzz. Written by four of the liveliest voices on the Web, The Cluetrain Manifesto illustrates how, through the Internet, people are discovering and inventing new ways to share knowledge with blinding speed. As a direct result, markets are getting smarter-and getting smarter faster than most companies. Today's markets are conversations. Their members communicate in language that is natural, open, honest, direct, funny, and often shocking. Companies that aren't listening to these exchanges are missing a dire warning. Companies that aren't engaging in them are missing an unprecedented opportunity. The Cluetrain Manifesto gets its name from a veteran executive from a now defunct Fortune 500 firm describing his company's plummet by saying: "The clue train stopped here four times a day for ten years and they never took delivery." In other words, they didn't seize the opportunities that were before them, fell out of touch with their market, and lost to the competition as a result. The Cluetrain Manifesto takes you deeper into the new order of business than any other book this decade, presenting a stunning tapestry of anecdotes, object lessons, parodies, war stories, and suggestions, all aimed at illustrating what it will take to survive and prosper in the fast-forward world on the wire. Business as usual is gone forever-this is your wake-up call. About the Author:Rick Levine is the author of the Sun Guide to Web Style. Christopher Locke has worked for MCI and IBM, and has written extensively for Forbes, Information Week, Internet World, and The Industry Standard. Doc Searls is the senior editor for Linux Journal. David Weinberger has written for Wired and is a regular commentator on NPR.
Neuro-Dynamic Programming, 1st edition
Authors: Dimitri P. Bertsekas, John N. Tsitsiklis
Venue:  (1996)

:This is the first textbook that fully explains the neuro-dynamic programming/reinforcement learning methodology, which is a recent breakthrough in the practical application of neural networks and dynamic programming to complex problems of planning, optimal decision making, and intelligent control.
The ray engine
Authors: Nathan A. Carr, Jesse D. Hall, John C. Hart
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware (2002)

Assisted by recent advances in programmable graphics hardware, fast rasterization-based techniques have made significant progress in photorealistic rendering, but still only render a subset of the effects possible with ray tracing. We are closing this gap with the implementation of ray-triangle intersection as a pixel shader on existing hardware. This GPU ray-intersection implementation reconfigures the geometry engine into a ray engine that efficiently intersects caches of rays for a wide variety of host-based rendering tasks, including ray tracing, path tracing, form factor computation, photon mapping, subsurface scattering and general visibility processing.
Mike Meyers' A+ Certification Passport
Authors: Michael Meyers, Tracey Rosenblath
Venue:  (2001)

:From the #1 Name in Professional Certification Get on the road to becoming an A+ certified professional with this concise, affordable, and portable study tool. Certification training guru Mike Meyers and Tracey Rosenblath will guide you on your career path, providing expert tips and sound advice along the way. With an intensive focus on only what you need to know to pass the test, this Certification Passport is your ticket to success on exam day.