ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Recognition system design by statistical analysis
Authors: L. N. Kanal, N. C. Randall
Venue: Proceedings of the 1964 19th ACM national conference (1964)

A two-level statistical classification procedure has been applied to the problem of detecting complex targets in aerial photography. At the first level, a set of classification functions designed on the basis of samples from the target class and from other images is used to make subdecisions on local-area statistically-designed features associated with the target class. At the second level these sub-decisions are combined into a single decision as to the presence or absence of the target. The nature of the data does not allow for the direct application of classical methods of multivariate discriminant analysis; rather, modifications of classical methods are used. This procedure has been simulated on a digital computer with the aid of a special input-output device which converts imagery to computer language. Excellent results were obtained on independent text samples of actual imagery.
Computer science in Israel' s institutions of higher learning
Authors: Mitchell Snyder
Venue: Proceedings of the first SIGCSE technical symposium on Education in computer science (1970)

Five of Israel's institutions of higher learning have computer centers and teach courses related to computer sciences. There are two undergraduate programs, three master's degree programs, and one doctoral degree program. These programs are described in this paper. In particular, the undergraduate program at Bar-Ilan University, which is based on Curriculum 68, is described in detail. As a background to the descriptions of the Computer Science curricula, there is a general description of the various university computer centers. The Appendix contains a detailed discussion of the computer configurations, student enrollment, administrative position of the center within the universities, and the scientific applications staff, if any, within the centers.
Finite state modelling in program development
Authors: Peter Henderson
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software (1975)

A technique is presented whereby a significant amount of program validation can be done simply by exercising the program components in a model environment provided by a finite state machine, specially built to characterise the real environment of that component. The tools necessary to support such a technique are characterised and the merits and demerits of the technique are discussed.
Professionalism in information processing
Authors: L. J. Turner
Venue: Proceedings of the thirteenth annual SIGCPR conference (1975)

I am very pleased to be able to speak to you again, after three years, on the subject of professionalism. This talk will be in the nature of an update. My update pertains to the creation and status of a new organization called the INFORMATICS INSTITUTE OF CANADA, a member of which is called an INFORMATICIAN. Over and above this fluidity of job, the &ldquo;INFORMATICIAN&rdquo; is presented with an educational system consisting of a bewildering variety of courses from many sources, ranging from universities and colleges, associations, consultants, private institutions and computer manufacturers. This picture I am presenting here leads one to the inevitable conclusion that the present system has failed to provide for the emerging computer professional in two ways.
A synthesis rule for concurrent systems
Authors: Tilak Agerwala, Yong-Chai Choed-Amphai
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

Concurrent (hardware and software) systems can become extremely complex due to the existence of multiple loci of control. Posteriori analysis of such systems is very difficult. This paper presents a systematic bottom-up modular approach to synthesis. The synthesis procedure at each stage yields all invariants (of a certain kind) of the system. These invariants can be used as an aid to proving certain properties of the system such as boundedness, conservativeness, mutual exclusion, absence of deadlock, etc. The use of the synthesis rule and the utility of the invariants are illustrated by examples.
Iron and steelmaking facility planning simulation model
Authors: David P. Koch
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1979)

Simulation models of iron and steelmaking facilities have been successfully developed to test the productive capabilities of numerous plants. Representative, critical facilities and events have been selected for discussion.
Computer Science And Numerical Analysis
Authors: S. D. Conte
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

Until the advent of computers, numerical analysis was not considered an attractive area of study. The early computers, designed as they were to attack some of the nation's pressing engineering and scientific problems, sparked an enormous interest in the use and study of numerical algorithms, an interest which has continued over the past 25 years. During the fifties this interest was nurtured largely by the industrial research community rather than the academic community which limited itself to offering an occasional course in Numerical Analysis. In this period it is safe to say that numerical analysts were treated like second class citizens in the mathematics department where they were normally located.
Computability over arbitrary fields
Authors: Gabor T. Herman, Stephen D. Isard
Venue: Proceedings of the first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1969)

In most attempts to make precise the concept of a computable function, or decidable predicate, over a field F, it is considered necessary that the elements of F should be in some sense effectively describable, and hence that F itself should be countable. This is the attitude taken in the study of computable fields (see Rabin1). Our proposed definition of computability over arbitrary fields is based on the Shepherdson - Sturgis2 concept of an unlimited register machine.
A Large Scale, Homogenous, Fully Distributed Parallel Machine, II
Authors: Herbert Sullivan, Theodore R. Bashkow, David Klappholz
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1977)

The present paper complements the hardware proposal for a fully distributed parallel processor presented in &ldquo;A Large Scale, Homogeneous, Fully Distributed Parallel Machine, I,&rdquo; by describing a suitable software structure for its operating system management. It is shown that the most basic operating system functions can be performed on a purely local basis, i.e. in such a fashion that identical pieces of the operating systems are concurrently executed by each of the processing elements.
A database system for the management and design of telecommunication networks
Authors: V Kevin M. Whitney, Dixon R. Doll
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Data communications and Data networks: Analysis and design (1973)

The computer system described in this paper aids the telecommunications manager in the management and design of voice and data networks. It is built upon a relational data base comprised of sets of data describing the network terminals, communication channels, and traffics. A variety of standard reports, maps, charts, cost tables can easily be prepared from information in the data base. A hierarchy of processing programs access the data either in batch mode or interactively. At every step in the network design or management, manual interaction is possible to take full advantage of the manager's experience and intuition. The combination of computer calculation and manual guidance are illustrated with an example involving a large TELPAK network.
Poly-Processor System analysis and design
Authors: K. Hurakami, S. Nishikawa, M. Sato
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1977)

This paper discusses the structure and efficiency of a computer complex constructed of many small, tightly coupled, functionally dedicated processors called a Poly-Processor System (PPS). The objective of the PPS is to realize a computer system which has easier expandability, higher reliability and better cost-to-performance ratio than existing systems. Firstly, presented are rules to assign functions among processors, memories and interconnection modules. Secondly, dynamic behavior of the system, such as the frequency of interprocesser communication and instruction occurance, is analyzed by computer simulation. Lastly, a pilot model (PPS for Research: PPS-R), developed to confirm the feasibility of the system and to acquire experience in establishing the architecture of the system, is described.
Statistical parameters in a shear flow field
Authors: Richard C. Oliver, H. E. Wright, W. C. Elrod
Venue: Proceedings of the third SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1973)

Statistical Analysis has been used to provide solutions to complex problems in such diverse areas as communications, stability and control, and turbulent flow. Although these problems previously lacked adequate mathematical treatment, the results of statistical analyses have been significant both for explanation and prediction. Statistical analysis is a general scientific tool; it has application in many areas of scientific research. For the moment the investigation has been restricted to subsonic turbulent flow.
The impact of development aids on the systems development process
Authors: David K. Goldstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

Increasing the productivity of programmers has become a &ldquo;hot&rdquo; topic with both data processing managers and information systems researchers. Currently, there are not enough systems analysts and programmers available to develop all the applications that users need. Consequently, there is a need to produce more output from the available programmers and analysts. This has led to the development of tools and methods that aid analysts and programmers in system development. For example, automatic code generators simplify programming and debugging for many applications. Structured analysis and design methods aid developers in determining user needs and developing system specifications. There has been a great deal of literature written addressing the question: What affects do systems development aids have on the productivity of systems development personnel? This paper will summarize this body of literature from a research perspective. It will concentrate on aids used in business application development, focusing on the early stages of the software lifecycle: systems analysis, design, and coding.
Design of a mathematical expression recognition system
Authors: Hsi-Jian Lee, Jiumn-Shine Wan, g
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

We present a system to segment and recognize texts and mathematical expressions in a document. The system can be divided into six stages: page segmentation and labeling, character segmentation, feature extraction, character recognition, expression formation, and error correction and expression extraction. In expression formation, we build a symbol relation tree for each text line to represent the relationships among the symbols in the text line. Some heuristic rules based on the primitive tokens are used to correct the recognition errors in a text line. We extract all mathematical expressions according to some basic expression forms. Our database consists of 190 symbols in the current stage. The average recognition rate is about 96.16%.
A formal method for computer design verification
Authors: Vijay Pitchumani, Edward P. Stabler
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

A formal computer design verification method based on Floyd's inductive assertion technique9 is presented as an alternative or at least a supplement to simulation. The semantics of a register transfer language is defined formally. It specifies how machine variables and time change. Hardware descriptions in this language may contain assertions. The formal definition of the language can then be used for automatic verification of logical correctness and realtime performance of the design.
Resource management for a medium scale time sharing operating system
Authors: G. Oppenheimer, N. Weizer
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Operating System Principles (1967)

Task scheduling and resource balancing for a medium-size virtual memory paging machine are discussed in relation to a combined batch processing and time sharing environment. A synopsis is given of the task scheduling and paging algorithms that were implemented and the results of comparative simulation are given by tracing the development of the algorithms through six predecessor versions. Throughout the discussion particular emphasis is placed on balancing the system performance relative to the characteristics of all the system resources. Simulation results relative to alternate hardware characteristics and the effects of program mix and loading variations are also presented.
Interactive visual simulators for beginning programming students
Authors: Stuart C. Shapiro, Douglas P. Witmer
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1974)

This paper discusses two programs that have been written to be aids to introductory programming students. They both embody the belief that Computer Assisted Instruction can be a worthwhile aid to students when properly used and that one of the best uses is to present visually to the student a process that he has some control over and which he would not otherwise be able to observe. Section 2 of this paper discusses HYCOMP1, an interactive visual computer simulator. Section 3 discusses IVF, the Interactive Visual FORTRAN interpreter. They were both written in SNOBOL41 and run under the KRONOS Time Sharing System on a CDC 6600 using an Applied Digital Data Systems, Inc. ADDS Consul 880 terminal, which is an ASCII terminal with a CRT display and an addressable cursor.
BOLT-a block oriented design specification language
Authors: Dan Holt, Steve Sapiro
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

BOLT is a block-oriented MOS Integrated Circuit design language which relies heavily on macro, define, and parameter default features in order to simplify the design specification. A compiler generates block, logic, and transistor level equivalents used in an integrated CAD system including logic simulators, timing verification, place and route software and other packages. To handle the rapidly changing custom MOS/LSI environment the device types are defined externally to the compiler.
A multi-body factorization method for motion analysis
Authors: J. Costeira, T. Kanade
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

The structure from motion problem has been extensively studied in the field of computer vision. Yet, the bulk of the existing work assumes that the scene contains only a single moving object. The more realistic case where an unknown number of objects move in the scene has received little attention, especially for its theoretical treatment. We present a new method for separating and recovering the motion and shape of multiple independently moving objects in a sequence of images. The method does not require prior knowledge of the number of objects, nor is dependent on any grouping of features into an object at the image level. For this purpose, we introduce a mathematical construct of object shapes, called the shape interaction matrix, which is invariant to both the object motions and the selection of coordinate systems. This invariant structure is computable solely from the observed trajectories of image features without grouping them into individual objects. Once the structure is computed, it allows for segmenting features into objects by the process of transforming it into a canonical form, as well as recovering the shape and motion of each object.
A general purpose design automation file system
Authors: T. Beretvas, C. H. Liu, R. L. Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Design Automation Conference (1967)

This file system grew out of exploratory work in the file system-terminal area. The main reason for such a project was to explore file organizations that would be useful for a wide range of Design Automation applications. The specific problem we chose was the update and maintenance of logic sheets. A secondary reason was to gain some knowledge of how the standard capabilities of OS/360 could be used to implement a file system.
Training college faculty members in the educational uses of computers
Authors: Louise S. Morrison
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

The problems encountered in training faculty members in the instructional uses of computers are explained. How to establish a successful training program is detailed, including organization of the course and its content.
Partitioning and placement technique for bus-structured PWB
Authors: Gotaro Odawara, Kazuhiko Iijima, Tetsuro Kiyomatsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

This paper describes a partitioning and placement procedure for bus-structured PWB's (Printed Wiring Boards), such as single-board microcomputers, etc. In this procedure, circuits on a board are partitioned into two parts: one is bus-structured part and the other is random-structured part. Components in the former part are placed by the topological algorithm, while ones in the latter part are functionally partitioned and placed by the constructive algorithm. This paper also describes results of the application of this technique to several examples, and they have proven the effectiveness of this technique.
A general methodology for synthesis and verification of register-transfer designs
Authors: Alice C. Parker, Fadi Kurdahi, Mitch Mlinar
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

The general relationship between register-transfer synthesis and verification is discussed, and common mechanisms are shown to underlie both tasks. The paper proposes a framework for combined synthesis and verification of hardware that supports any combination of user-selectable synthesis techniques. The synthesis process can begin with any degree of completion of a partial design, and verification of the partial design can be achieved by completing its synthesis while subjecting it to constraints that can be generated from a &ldquo;template&rdquo; and user constraints. The driving force was the work done by Hafer [3] on a synthesis model. The model was augmented by adding variables and constraints in order to verify interconnections. A multilevel, multidimensional design representation [6] is introduced which is shown to to be equivalent to Hafer's model. This equivalence relationship is exploited in deriving constraints off the design representation. These constraints can be manipulated in a variety of ways before being input to a linear program which completes the synthesis/verification process. An example is presented in which verification and synthesis occur simultaneously and the contribution of each automatically varies, depending on the number of previous design decisions.
An automated office communications study in an operational setting
Authors: Randall R. Harris
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

In recent years there has been a proliferation of electronic office products developed under the umbrella label of &ldquo;office of the future&rdquo;. The justification for office automation has been the promise of increased office productivity and significant cost-benefits to the user. In most cases these systems have been driven by the rapid evolution of technological advances in the computer industry. As a result, these technologically leading edge solutions often must then search for a set of office problems to solve. The present study evolved out of the identification of one such set of office problems. Office communications have increasingly been identified as a major source of inefficiency and frustration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate ways of solving the variety of problems associated with the use of the telephone. The telephone has been labelled as probably the most intrusive device on work flow in the office (Bair, Farber, Uhlig, 1980). Typically office principals, particularly those without a personal secretary, don't have any means of screening themselves from telephone interruptions. Unsuccessful attempts to call someone are another source of inefficiency.
Validation and verification vs. The software life cycle(Position Statement)
Authors: Leon G. Stucki
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

In attempting to forecast the future trends in software engineering, a very dynamic future appears to be in store. Validation and verification are rapidly becoming recognized as an integral part of the total software life cycle. Validation and verification are no longer being viewed as new names for testing. A modern view of validation and verification encompasses the set of tasks and functions needed for tracing requirements through the evolving stages of the system life cycle down to the final implemented code. At each stage of program development, verification of each successively developed representation back to the next higher level representation needs to be performed. Validation is a separate functional activity which also needs to be performed. The main difference between validation and verification is, instead of examining the mapping between representations, an attempt is made to ensure the system will correctly implement the users preceived requirements; the principle question being: Is the system usable? Thus, validation and verification are not activities which occur merely at the end of the coding process. Validation and verification involve such issues as verifying the preliminary design document back against its requirements, verifying a detailed design document back against a preliminary design document, verifying the code back to the detailed design. Each of these verification exercises is an attempt to provide a trace between the evolving stages of the system. Validation of the developing design occurs in parallel with system evolution. The preliminary designs is validated by the user, the detailed design ramifications are also presented to the user for validation as is the actual operation of the code. This expanded view of validation and verification is not without its problems. Several examples will begiven.
A methodology for producing reliable software systems
Authors: Carlos J. Lucena
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

A research program is underway with the purpose of developing a system to integrate the functions of Design, Programming, Debugging and Testing (DPDT) for achieving software reliability. Although we are aiming at developing an actual for realized system for this purpose, emphasis is being placed on the isolation of general principles that can be applied to a variety of programming environments. We are defining a model of computation through which the design phase will be formally described.1 The model will be required to handle a basic definition of modularity besides having features to be integrated with: a class of Algol-like languages (in which programs are to be written), the debugging facilities defined in the language, and a class of program testing strategies. Extensions to a programming language will be defined so as to make it support the requirements of the design model2 and to provide debugging facilities compatible with the design phase and measurements. The measurements will be handled by the systems testing phase for the establishment of some quantitative indices of test completeness. The testing activity will in turn reflect on the design and provoke iterations until a &ldquo;sufficient verification&rdquo; of the produced software is met.