ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Positioning for a Competitive Electric Industry with Pg E'S Hydro-Thermal Optimization Model
Authors: Raymond B. Johnson, Alva J. Svoboda, Claudia Greif, Ali Vojdani, Fulin Zhuang
Venue: Interfaces (1998)

The Hydro-Thermal Optimization (HTO) system optimizes the weekly electric production schedules of Pacific Gas and Electric Company's diverse resource mix. PG&E developed HTO to reduce operating costs, forecast marginal costs, and position itself for competition. PG&E implemented the system after extensive prototyping and validation and uses HTO daily for unit commitment, hydro scheduling, energy trading, fuel forecasting, resource evaluation, and marginal cost-based pricing. PG&E estimates annual benef its of HTO conservatively at $15 million. On a broader scale, PG&E has used HTO to analyze auction protocols for a deregulated power market and demonstrated that use of HTO-like tools to administer a power auction, as is done in the UK, could result in profit distribution inequities among bidders. HTO thus enabled PG&E to support a profound change in California's restructuring of the electric industry, from the proposed UK-type pool to a decentralized decision-making framework in which bidders optimize their own operations. As a result, California's $20 billion electric-power market will realize increased efficiencies and savings for both taxpayers and consumers.
Parallel global aircraft configuration design space exploration
Authors: Chuck A. Baker, Layne T. Watson, Bernard Grossman, William H. Mason, Raphael T. Haftka
Venue: Practical parallel computing (2001)

The preliminary design space exploration for large, interdisciplinary engineering problems is often a difficult and time-consuming task. General techniques are needed that efficiently and methodically search the design space. This work focuses on the use of parallel load balancing techniques integrated with a global optimizer to reduce the computational time of the design space exploration. The method is applied to the multidisciplinary design of a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). A modified Lipschitzian optimization algorithm generates large sets of design points that are evaluated concurrently using a variety of load balancing schemes. The load balancing schemes implemented in this study are: static load balancing, dynamic load balancing with a master-slave organization, fully distributed dynamic load balancing, and fully distributed dynamic load balancing via threads. All of the parallel computing schemes have high parallel efficiencies. When the variation in the design evaluation times is small, the computational overhead needed for fully distributed dynamic load balancing is substantial enough so that it is more efficient to use a master-slave paradigm. However, when the variation in evaluation times is increased, fully distributed load balancing is the most efficient.
Opening the "Black Box" of Network Externalities in Network Adoption
Authors: Robert J. Kauffman, James McAndrews, Yu-Ming Wang
Venue: Information Systems Research (2000)

Recent theoretical work suggests that network externalities are a determinant of network adoption. However, few empirical studies have reported the impact of network externalities on the adoption of networks. As a result, little is known about the extent to which network externalities may influence network adoption and diffusion. Using electronic banking as a context and an econometric technique calledhazard modeling, this research examines empirically the impact of network externalities and other influences that combine to determine network membership. The results support thenetwork externalities hypothesis. We find that banks in markets that can generate a larger effective network size and a higher level of externalities tend to adopt early, while the size of a bank's own branch network (a proxy for the opportunity cost of adoption)decreases the probability of early adoption.
Information technology and privacy: a boundary management perspective
Authors: Jeffrey M. Stanton
Venue: Socio-technical and human cognition elements of information systems (2003)

With the rising popularity of the Internet and some widely publicized occurrences of privacy loss due to information technology, many individuals have recently become more concerned with the privacy and security of sensitive information. These concerns have special relevance within work organizations because of the substantial amounts of data that organizations typically collect about the work and non-work activities of their employees. This chapter presents a new theoretical perspective called Information Boundary Theory, that describes whether, when, and why employees care about the privacy and security of sensitive information at work. Analysis of interview data from N=25 nonmanagerial U.S. workers provided preliminary support for four of the new theory's research propositions. The chapter describes implications of the theory and the research findings for the design and deployment of information technology systems within organizations and maps a research agenda for future uses of the theory.
An integrated applied research utilising fluid-dynamic software as support to medical enquiry into health problems by air pollution
Authors: F. Patania, N. Crimì, A. Gagliano, F. Nocera
Venue: Development and application of computer techniques to environmental studies (2002)

In environmental matter a good tested fluid dynamic software is the right tool not only to detect the fallout trend of pollutant gases emitted by industrial plants but to give also reliable information to the medical-team both about probable sensible targets of pollution and maximal dose of possible inhalation for each people living in a considerable neighborhood of emission sources.Paper wants to show the results of an inquiry commissioned by CE.RI.CA (Research Center for Environment Conservation) to the aim to discover the relationship between the fallout of gaseous pollutant emitted by petrochemical plants into the urban area, and the checkable pathologies of resident population in Melilli town (Italy).The enquire has been developed in three steps: • The localization of high risk areas has been achieved making use of fluid dynamic ADREA-3D computer code. • The validation of data of pollution coming from numerical simulations of computer code has been done through comparison with data recorded by networks of environmental steady stations, that is: CIPA ( Industrial Consortium for Environmental Protection), District of Siracusa City and Enel networks. • The correlation between pollutant concentrations and respiratory pathologies and diseases has been carried out through " questionnaire method" by medical team.
An integral equation describing an asexual population in a changing environment
Authors: Q. Tang, D. Waxman
Venue: Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications (2003)

In this paper, we establish the existence of a travelling wave solution to an intrinsically nonlinear differential-integral equation arising from the mathematical modelling of an asexual reproduction process. The techniques used are fixed point theorems and asymptotic analysis. The proofs, although abstract, give a hint on how to obtain the solutions numerically.
The UK e-science core programme and the grid
Authors: Tony Hey, Anne E. Trefethen
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2002)

This paper describes the £ 120M UK 'e-Science' (http://www.research-councils.ac.uk/and http://www.escience-grid.org.uk) initiative and begins by defining what is meant by the term e-Science. The majority of the £ 120M, some £ 75M, is funding large-scale e-Science pilot projects in many areas of science and engineering. The infrastructure needed to support such projects must permit routine sharing of distributed and heterogeneous computational and data resources as well as supporting effective collaboration between groups of scientists. Such an infrastructure is commonly referred to as the Grid. Apart from £ 10M towards a Teraflop computer, the remaining funds, some £ 35M, constitute the e-Science 'Core Programme'. The goal of this Core Programme is to advance the development of robust and generic Grid middleware in collaboration with industry. The key elements of the Core Programme will be outlined including details of a UK e-Science Grid testbed. The pilot e-Science projects that have so far been announced are then briefly described. These projects span a range of disciplines from particle physics and astronomy to engineering and healthcare, and illustrate the breadth of the UK e-Science Programme. In addition to these major e-Science projects, the Core Programme is funding a series of short-term e-Science demonstrators across a number of disciplines as well as projects in network traffic engineering and some international collaborative activities. We conclude with some remarks about the need to develop a data architecture for the Grid that will allow federated access to relational databases as well as flat files.
Connecting the university to inner-city secondary school mathematics
Authors: Robert Case
Venue: PRIMUS: problems, resources, and issues in mathematics undergraduate studies (2002)

The study of advanced mathematics in secondary school is an important threshold. Especially affected is the further academic success of inner-city students. These are minority and/or new immigrant students and those from low-income families. Many inner-city schools lack a strong curriculum, often including no opportunity to study calculus. This article reports on a long-term collaborative effort between Northeastern University and inner-city high schools in Boston. This resulted in a wide-spread introduction of reform calculus classes in schools previously lacking calculus.
On the breakdown of solutions to N &#x00D7; N quasilinear hyperbolic systems
Authors: Renato Manfrin
Venue: Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications (2003)

We shall be concerned with the development of singularities of the C1-solutions of the quasilinear N × N hyperbolic system Ut + A(U)Ux = 0 in one space dimension. Generalizing a nonlinearity condition introduced by MacCamy and Mizel (Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 25 (1967) 299-320), in this paper we prove some results of blow-up for the first-order derivatives without restrictions on the size of the initial data.
A new formula for the transient behaviour of a non-empty M/M/1/&#x221E; queue
Authors: A. M. K. Tarabia
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2002)

This paper studies the most general model of the Markovian queues namely M/M/1/∞ queue with any arbitrary number "i" of customers being present in the system initially. For this model, a new and simple series form is obtained for the transient state probabilities whence all particular cases concerning the system being empty and steady-state situations can be derived straightaway. The coefficients in this series satisfy iterative recurrence relations which would allow for the rapid and efficient numerical evaluations of the state probabilities. Moreover, a simple algebraic proof to show the equivalence between different formulae of a non-empty M/M/1/∞ and the new formula is established.
Levels of Organizational Trust in Individualist Versus Collectivist Societies: A Seven-Nation Study
Authors: Lenard Huff, Lane Kelley
Venue: Organization Science (2003)

Competitiveness in global industries increasingly requires the ability to develop trusting relationships. This requires organizations, and the individuals they are comprised of, to be both trustworthy and trusting. An important question is whether societal culture influences the tendency of individuals and organizations to trust. Based largely on Yamagishi's (1994, 1998a, b) theories explaining trust, commitment, and in-group bias in collectivist cultures, this study examines potential differences in levels of trust between individualist and collectivist cultures. Survey data was collected from 1,282 mid-level managers from large banks in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, and the United States. We first study differences in how individuals from individualist and collectivist societies trust ingroups versus out-groups. This provides an important foundation for hypotheses regarding differences in individual propensities to trust and two measures of organizational trust: internal trust (trust within the organization) and external trust (an organization's trust for suppliers, customers, etc.). Findings show higher levels of propensity to trust and organizational external trust in the United States than in Asia.
Human Errors in Medical Practice: Systematic Classification and Reduction with Automated Information Systems
Authors: D. Kopec, M. H. Kabir, D. Reinharth, O. Rothschild, J. A. Castiglione
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2003)

We review the general nature of human error(s) in complex systems and then focus on issues raised by Institute of Medicine report in 1999. From this background we classify and categorize error(s) in medical practice, including medication, procedures, diagnosis, and clerical error(s). We also review the potential role of software and technology applications in reducing the rate and nature of error(s).
Universal parametrization in constructing smoothly-connected B-spline surfaces
Authors: Choong-Gyoo Lim
Venue: Computer Aided Geometric Design (2002)

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of universal parametrization in generating B-spline surfaces, which was proposed recently in the literature (Lim, 1999). We present an interesting property of the new parametrization that it guarantees G0 continuity on B-spline surfaces when several independently constructed patches are put together without imposing any constraints. Also, a simple blending method of patchwork is proposed to construct Cn-1 surfaces, where overlapping control nets are utilized. It takes into account the semi-localness property of universal parametrization. It effectively helps us construct very natural looking B-spline surfaces while keeping the deviation from given data points very low. Experimental results are shown with several sets of surface data points.
Actor-network theory as a socio-technical approach to information systems research
Authors: Arthur Tatnall
Venue: Socio-technical and human cognition elements of information systems (2003)

An information system is a socio-technical discipline involving both human and non-human entities. Much of the research done in an information system context investigates changes caused by the introduction of new business or organisational system, or changes made to an existing system, and so can be regarded as research into aspects of technological innovation. Information systems are complex entities and their development is a complex undertaking. Research in information systems needs to take account of the complexity of information systems development rather than take steps to hide this. An approach to information systems research, based on actor-network theory, offers a good means of allowing impartial treatment of the contributions of both human and non-human actors, and of handling the complexities involved. This chapter outlines such an approach.
Crossover scaling effects in aggregated TCP traffic with congestion losses
Authors: Michael Liljenstam, Andy T. Ogielski
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2002)

We critically examine the claims that TCP congestion control contributes to the observed self-similar traffic rate correlations. A simulation model is designed to analyze aggregated traffic of many TCP file transfers, with network topologies large enough so that each transfer has independent packet losses due to competition with other TCP traffic. To separate the effects of session-level variability from network-level variability we examine traffic consisting of small fixed-size files, and of heavy-tailed distribution of file sizes, with small variance of inter-session periods.We find that, with increasing packet loss rate, traffic rate scaling crosses over from the regime dominated by file size distribution to another scaling regime that is independent of file sizes. That loss-dominated scaling stretches over the timescales from RTT to the longest consecutive TCP time-outs (hundreds of seconds), and is not asymptotic. Analysis at the flow level exposes the mechanism of the crossover, from scaling dominated by variability of the flow ON-periods to that dominated by variability of the OFF-periods.However, it is unlikely that TCP timeouts contribute much to observed Internet traffic correlation structure, as they would matter only if widespread congestion losses exceeding 10% dominated the typical behavior of the Internet.
On (un)suitable fuzzy relations to model approximate equality
Authors: Martine De Cock, Etienne Kerre
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2003)

In this paper we state that fuzzy equivalence relations in general are not suitable to model approximate equality, since then the notion of transitivity is counter-intuitive. To substantiate this we investigate some of the undesirable results caused by transitivity, among other things in the case of approximate reasoning. We then introduce a new framework to model approximate equality, i.e. the concept of a pseudometric based resemblance relation. We go into the properties of this new kind of fuzzy relation and illustrate it by means of some examples.
Maxwell-systems with nonlinear polarization
Authors: H. T. Banks, Gabriella A. Pinter
Venue: Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications (2003)

We establish well-posedness results for a model describing the propagation of high-intensity electromagnetic waves in a nonlinear medium. The nonlinear material properties are represented by a nonlinear polarization in the form of a convolution. We also include some remarks on potential applications.
Coordinating mobile agents by the XML-based tuple space
Authors: Zhengding Lu, Chunlin Li, Layuan Li
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2002)

This paper presents Xspace, a programmable coordination paradigm for Internet applications based on mobile agents. The Xspace system fully exploits the advantages of the XML language and Linda-like coordination. It supports XML documents as tuple fields and multiple matching routines implementing different relations among XML documents, including those given by XML query languages. The Xspace uses Java as the implementation language; it is based on object-oriented XMLized tuple spaces to implement a portable and programmable coordination paradigm for mobile agents. The design and implementation procedures of Xspace are described in this paper. Experiment and performance evaluation are also made. Finally, some conclusions and remarks are given.
Low Complexity Multiplication in a Finite Field Using Ring Representation
Authors: Rajendra Katti, Joseph Brennan
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2003)

Elements of a finite field, GF(2^m ), are represented as elements in a ring in which multiplication is more time efficient. This leads to faster multipliers with a modest increase in the number of XOR and AND gates needed to construct the multiplier. Such multipliers are used in error control coding and cryptography. We consider rings modulo trinomials and 4-term polynomials. In each case, we show that our multiplier is faster than multipliers over elements in a finite field defined by irreducible pentanomials. These results are especially significant in the field of elliptic curve cryptography, where pentanomials are used to define finite fields. Finally, an efficient systolic implementation of a multiplier for elements in a ring defined by x^n + x + 1 is presented.
Determination of Oil Horizontal Spreading Coefficients in Seawater Using Analytical Methods and Digital Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Josafat Falcão, Moacyr Araújo, Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (2002)

This paper presents a preliminary laboratory study which analyzed an oil spill experiment from the interaction of resultant digital images and analytical techniques, as quantifying oil slick growth into two orthogonal directions.
A note on the fast algorithm for block Toeplitz systems with tensor structure
Authors: Kit-Ian Kou, Vai-Kuong Sin, Xiao-Qing Jin
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2002)

We study the solutions of block Toeplitz systems Tmnx = b by using the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method. Here Tmn = Tm ⊗ Tn and Ti, i = m, n are Toeplitz matrices. In [X. Jin, Appl. Math. Comput. 73 (1995) 115-124], Jin introduced a fast algorithm for these systems by applying the PCG method. This fast algorithm allows a tensor problem to be reduced to a one-dimensional problem. It was proved that if the mn- by-mn system is well conditioned, then the PCG method converges superlinearly and only O(mn log mn) operations are required in solving the preconditioned system. However, only well-conditioned systems were considered in Jin, 1995. In this paper, we apply this fast algorithm with the {ω}-circulant preconditioners proposed in [D. Potts, G. Steidl, Preconditioners for Ill-Conditioned toeplitz matrices, BIT, to be appeared] to solve the ill-conditioned systems. Numerical results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for solving the preconditioned systems by using the PCG method. An application in image restoration is also given.
Evaluating globally: how to conduct international or intercultural usability research
Authors: Laurie Roshak, Jared Spool, Vanessa Evers, Rolf Molich, Colleen Page, Ann-Byrd Platt
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This panel will educate the audience on the methods and tools available for conducting international or intercultural usability research. The panel will also address the challenges of conducting international or intercultural usability research and provide tips on how to overcome these challenges.
A Paradigmatic Analysis Contrasting Information Systems Development Approaches and Methodologies
Authors: Juhani Iivari, Rudy Hirschheim, Heinz K. Klein
Venue: Information Systems Research (1998)

This paper analyses the fundamental philosophical assumptions of five "contrasting" information systems development (ISD) approaches: the interactionist approach, the speech act-based approach, the soft systems methodology approach, the trade unionist approach, and the professional work practice approach. These five approaches are selected for analysis because they illustrate alternative philosophical assumptions from the dominant "orthodoxy" identified in the research literature. The paper also proposes a distinction between "approach" and "methodology." The analysis of the five approaches is organized around four basic questions: What is the assumed nature of an information system (ontology)? What is human knowledge and how can it be obtained (epistemology)? What are the preferred research methods for continuing the improvement of each approach (research methodology)? and what are the implied values of information system research (ethics)? Each of these questions is explored from the internal perspective of the particular ISD approach. The paper addresses these questions through a conceptual structure which is based on a paradigmatic framework for analyzing ISD approaches.