ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Quantum Physical Symbol Systems
Authors: Kathryn Blackmond Laskey
Venue: Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2006)

Because intelligent agents employ physically embodied cognitive systems to reason about the world, their cognitive abilities are constrained by the laws of physics. Scientists have used digital computers to develop and validate theories of physically embodied cognition. Computational theories of intelligence have advanced our understanding of the nature of intelligence and have yielded practically useful systems exhibiting some degree of intelligence. However, the view of cognition as algorithms running on digital computers rests on implicit assumptions about the physical world that are incorrect. Recently, the view is emerging of computing systems as goal-directed agents, evolving during problem solving toward improved world models and better task performance. A full realization of this vision requires a new logic for computing that incorporates learning from experience as an intrinsic part of the logic, and that permits full exploitation of the quantum nature of the physical world. This paper proposes a theory of physically embodied cognitive agents founded upon first-order logic, Bayesian decision theory, and quantum physics. An abstract architecture for a physically embodied cognitive agent is presented. The cognitive aspect is represented as a Bayesian decision theoretic agent; the physical aspect is represented as a quantum process; and these aspects are related through von Neumann's principle of psycho-physical parallelism. Alternative metaphysical positions regarding the meaning of quantum probabilities and the role of efficacious choices by agents are discussed in relation to the abstract agent architecture. The concepts are illustrated with an extended example from the domain of science fiction.
Thou Shalt Not Trust non-Trustworthy Systems
Authors: Paulo Esteves Verissimo
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International ConferenceWorkshops on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Computer systems and ICT at large (information and communication technologies) are on the verge of a strange era: on the one hand, everyday we require more from applications as seen by users (response, determinism, robustness, security); on the other hand, improvements in infrastructure technology peer with asymmetry and instability (access networks, mobility, de-regulation, and so forth). This evolution of distributed computing and applications has put new challenges on models, architectures and systems. In essence, we should look for paradigms that help us reconcile uncertainty with predictability. Grand challenges require drastic changes, and they are happening: in the hybrid, dynamic and decentralised way we start looking at system design, once quite homogeneous, static, centralised, and in the cross-fertilising way we now look at previously disjoint scientific fields. Two issues are central to modern design of dependable and secure dynamic distributed systems:the confluence between classical dependability and security, met essentially but not only by the concept of common 'accidental fault and malicious intrusion tolerance'. and the necessary but often forgotten link between trust (dependence or belief on some system's properties) and trustworthiness (the merit of that system to be trusted, the degree to which it meets those properties, or its dependability).The uncertainty described above, together with the vast amount of exposure to wrong-doing endured by current systems, forms an explosive combination. In order to handle it and obtain assurance on the correct operation of systems, all efforts are not too much. The tolerance perspective on security, currently termed intrusion tolerance, shed new light on a road darkened by the growing difficulty of preventing every intrusion on large and complex and uncertain installations. The combination of fault and intrusion tolerance closes the final gap, by allowing the design of systems that become simultaneously secure and dependable through the same class of mechanisms. This is not enough though, we need system design principles that ensure a global and accurate view of the relation between trust and trustworthiness. This goes well beyond technological factors: if an ICT-based society will not be able to provide trustable services, services that are trusted because justifiably they rely on trustworthy components and infrastructure, then, such services, which will nevertheless be deployed due to market pressure: will be perceived with suspicion by users; will be managed by a restricted group of "experts", increasing info-exclusion; may very well be mismanaged, yielding cyber-crime, e-frauds, cyber terrorism and sabotage.
Image Inspection System for Defect Detection of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Authors: Chun-Chieh Tseng, Mao-Fu Lai, Por-Song Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

In today's competitive passive components market, the quality and delivery time of products are the key factors to survive. The traditional quality control process is performed by human experts, which is slow and error prone. In recent years, automatic inspection becomes a mainstream and many works have been published. However, the industry still demands a faster and more accurate inspection method. In this paper, a novel image inspection algorithm to detect defects of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) is proposed. A testing system is developed and integrated into a production line. In our experiment, the proposed algorithm is proved to be very effective. The inspection system speeds up the testing process 2.5 times as well as increases the yield rate considerably.
Using Grammatical Inference For Structure Induction
Authors: Alexandre S. Saidi
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computing (2006)

Given the huge quantity of the current available textual information, Text Mining process tackles the task of searching useful knowledge in a natural language document. When dealing with a free-format textual corpus (e.g. a Job announcement) where the linguistic rules are not respected, the time consuming morpho-syntactic analysis is not of a great help. However, text mining techniques process may exploit linguistic sub-structures in the text. In this paper, we present an applications of Grammatical Inference (GI) in a machine learning system applied to a text corpus. We specify and use the process of the Grammatical Inference as an instance of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem that instantiates automata in a (language inclusion) lattice.
Sleep and Wakeup Strategies in Solar-Powered Wireless Sensor/Mesh Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Dusit Niyato Ekram Hossain, Afshin Fallahi
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2007)

A queuing analytical model is presented to investigate the performances of different sleep and wakeup strategies in a solar-powered wireless sensor/mesh network where a solar cell is used to charge the battery in a sensor/mesh node. While the solar radiation process (and, hence, the energy generation process in a solar cell) is modeled by a stochastic process (i.e., a Markov chain), a linear battery model with relaxation effect is used to model the battery capacity recovery process. Developed based on a multidimensional discrete-time Markov chain, the presented model is used to analyze the performances of different sleep and wakeup strategies in a sensor/mesh node. The packet dropping and packet blocking probabilities at a node are the major performance metrics. The numerical results obtained from the analytical model are validated by extensive simulations. In addition, using the queuing model, based on a game-theoretic formulation, we demonstrate how to obtain the optimal parameters for a particular sleep and wakeup strategy. In this case, we formulate a bargaining game by exploiting the trade-off between packet blocking and packet dropping probabilities due to the sleep and wakeup dynamics in a sensor/mesh node. The Nash solution is obtained for the equilibrium point of sleep and wakeup probabilities. The presented queuing model, along with the game-theoretic formulation, would be useful for the design and optimization of energy-efficient protocols for solar-powered wireless sensor/mesh networks under quality-of-service (QoS) constraints.
Affective affordances: Improving interface character engagement through interaction
Authors: Henriette C. van Vugt, Johan F. Hoorn, Elly A. Konijn, Athina de Bie Dimitriadou
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2006)

The nature of humans interacting with interface characters (e.g. embodied agents) is not well understood. The I-PEFiC model provides an integrative perspective on human-character interaction, assuming that the processes of engagement and user interaction exchange information in explaining user responses with interface characters. An experiment using the Sims2 game was conducted to test the effects of aesthetics (beautiful versus ugly, as engagement factor) and affordances (help versus obstacle, as interaction factor) of interface characters on use intentions, user engagement, and user satisfaction. Results of the experiment showed that (1) people tended to use helpful characters more than obstructing characters, (2) user engagement was enhanced by beauty and perceived affordance of the character whereas (3) intentions to use the character were not affected by good looks, and (4) the most satisfied users were those that were engaged with the character as well as willing to use it. This stresses the importance of enhancing affordances so to increase user engagement with interface characters. The I-PEFiC model provided a valuable framework to study the (interdependent) effects of relevant factors in human-character interaction.
Articulation of information requirements for personalised knowledge construction
Authors: Lily Sun, Khadidjatou Ousmanou
Venue: Requirements Engineering (2006)

The quality of information provision influences considerably knowledge construction driven by individual users&#x2019; needs. In the design of information systems for e-learning, personal information requirements should be incorporated to determine a selection of suitable learning content, instructive sequencing for learning content, and effective presentation of learning content. This is considered as an important part of instructional design for a personalised information package. The current research reveals that there is a lack of means by which individual users&#x2019; information requirements can be effectively incorporated to support personal knowledge construction. This paper presents a method which enables an articulation of users&#x2019; requirements based on the rooted learning theories and requirements engineering paradigms. The user&#x2019;s information requirements can be systematically encapsulated in a user profile (i.e. user requirements space), and further transformed onto instructional design specifications (i.e. information space). These two spaces allow the discovering of information requirements patterns for self-maintaining and self-adapting personalisation that enhance experience in the knowledge construction process.
A Comparison and Evaluation of Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction Algorithms
Authors: Steven M. Seitz, Brian Curless, James Diebel, Daniel Scharstein, Richard Szeliski
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

This paper presents a quantitative comparison of several multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithms. Until now, the lack of suitable calibrated multi-view image datasets with known ground truth (3D shape models) has prevented such direct comparisons. In this paper, we first survey multi-view stereo algorithms and compare them qualitatively using a taxonomy that differentiates their key properties. We then describe our process for acquiring and calibrating multiview image datasets with high-accuracy ground truth and introduce our evaluation methodology. Finally, we present the results of our quantitative comparison of state-of-the-art multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithms on six benchmark datasets. The datasets, evaluation details, and instructions for submitting new models are available online at http://vision.middlebury.edu/mview.
Procedures for feasibility detection in the presence of multiple constraints
Authors: Demet Batur, Seong-Hee Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of finding a set of feasible or near-feasible systems among a finite number of simulated systems in the presence of stochastic constraints. Andrad&oacute;ttir, Goldsman, and Kim (2005) present a procedure that detects feasibility of systems in the presence of one constraint with a pre-specified probability of correctness. We extend their procedure to the case of multiple constraints by the use of the Bonferroni inequality. Unfortunately, the resulting procedure tends to be very conservative when the number of systems or constraints is large. As a remedy, we present a screening procedure that uses an aggregated observation, which is a linear combination of the collected observations across stochastic constraints. Then, we present an accelerated procedure that combine the extension of Andrad&oacute;ttir, Goldsman, and Kim (2005) with the procedure that uses aggregated observations. Some experimental results that compare the performance of the proposed procedures are presented.
Ab initio modeling of copper adhesion on regular BaTiO3(001) surfaces
Authors: Yu. F. Zhukovskii, S. Piskunov, E. A. Kotomin, O. Sychev, G. Borstel
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

Ab initio calculations have been performed for copper adsorption on a regular, defect-free TiO"2- and BaO-terminated (001) surfaces of a cubic BaTiO"3, using a posteriori HF-CC method as implemented into the CRYSTAL-03 computer code. To clarify the nature of the interfacial bonding, we use slab models of the Cu/BaTiO"3(001) interfaces with different one-side substrate coverages, varied from 1/8 monolayer (ML) up to 1/2 ML, over both TiO"2- and BaO-terminated surfaces. TiO"2 termination has been found to be energetically more favorable for the adsorption of copper atoms. In agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data, our calculations indicate essential contribution of atomic polarization into the interaction between Cu atoms and surface O^2^- ions. An increase of substrate coverage by copper simultaneously reduces the binding energy (per adatom) and enhances the interatomic interactions inside growing metallic film.
Web graph analyzer tool
Authors: Konstantin Avrachenkov, Danil Nemirovsky, Natalia Osipova
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

We present the software tool "Web Graph Analyzer". This tool is designed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the Web Graph structure. By Web Graph we mean a graph whose vertices are Web pages and whose edges are hyper-links. With the help of the Web Graph Analyzer we can study the local graph characteristics such as numbers and sets of incoming/outgoing links to/from a given page, the page level relative to a given root page, and the global graph characteristics such as PageRank, Giant Strongly Connected Component, the number of dangling nodes. The Web Graph Analyzer has a user friendly GUI that allows an easy collection of a part of WWW and its thorough investigation. The Web Graph Analyzer is based on the Oracle DBMS which scales well with the large volumes of data.
Choreographing the extended agent: performance graphics for dance theater
Authors: Tod Machover
Venue:  (2005)

The marriage of dance and interactive image has been a persistent dream over the past decades, but reality has fallen far short of potential for both technical and conceptual reasons. This thesis proposes a new approach to the problem and lays out the theoretical, technical and aesthetic framework for the innovative art form of digitally augmented human movement. I will use as example works a series of installations, digital projections and compositions each of which contains a choreographic component---either through collaboration with a choreographer directly or by the creation of artworks that automatically organize and understand purely virtual movement. These works lead up to two unprecedented collaborations with two of the greatest choreographers working today; new pieces that combine dance and interactive projected light using real-time motion capture live on stage. The existing field of "dance technology" is one with many problems. This is a domain with many practitioners, few techniques and almost no theory; a field that is generating "experimental" productions with every passing week, has literally hundreds of citable pieces and no canonical works; a field that is oddly disconnected from modern dance's history, pulled between the practical realities of the body and those of computer art, and has no influence on the prevailing digital art paradigms that it consumes. This thesis will seek to address each of these problems: by providing techniques and a basis for "practical theory"; by building artworks with resources and people that have never previously been brought together, in theaters and in front of audiences previously inaccessible to the field; and by proving through demonstration that a profitable and important dialogue between digital art and the pioneers of modern dance can in fact occur. The methodological perspective of this thesis is that of biologically inspired, agent-based artificial intelligence, taken to a high degree of technical depth. The representations, algorithms and techniques behind such agent architectures are extended and pushed into new territory for both interactive art and artificial intelligence. In particular, this thesis will focus on the control structures and the rendering of the extended agents bodies, the tools for creating complex agent-based artworks in intense collaborative situations, and the creation of agent structures that can span live image and interactive sound production. Each of these parts becomes an element of what it means to "choreograph" an extended agent for live performance. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
A Wavelet-Based Approach to Image Feature Stability Assessment
Authors: Antonio Robles-Kelly, Roland Goecke
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel method for assessing image-feature stability. The method hinges on applying the discrete wavelet transform to the image features under study throughout a number of video frames in an image sequence. For purposes of stability assessment, we recover the imagefeature vectors for each video frame and then track them trough a series of consecutive frames in the image sequence. We apply the discrete wavelet transform to the time series constructed from the pairwise Euclidean distances for each of the image features under study and use the wavelet transform coefficients to assess their stability. We then recover the stable features by clustering together those time series which exhibit largely constant low-pass wavelet coefficients. We present results of the stability analysis for Harris corners, Maximally Stable Extremal Regions, and Scale Invariant Feature Transform regions extracted from two real-world video sequences. We also elaborate on the applications of our method to indexing, retrieval, and compression of stable image feature vectors.
Stochastic dynamics of FitzHugh-Nagumo model near the canard explosion
Authors: A. Shishkin, D. Postnov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

The subject of our study is FutzHugh-Nagumo model driven by additive noise in the region of transition from excitable regime to continuous spiking. We show how canard explosion influences characteristics of stochastic oscillations. In particular, there are two effects with varying noise intensity: (i) frequency stabilization of noise-induced spikes and (ii) partial suppression of spike generation.
Enforcing cooperative resource sharing in untrusted P2P computing environments
Authors: Zhengqiang Liang, Weisong Shi
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2005)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is widely recognized as a promising paradigm for building next generation distributed applications. However, the autonomous, heterogeneous, and decentralized nature of participating peers introduces the following challenge for resource staring: how to make peers profitable in the untrusted P2P environment? To address the problem, we present a self-policing and distributed approach by combining two models: PET, a personalized trust model, and M-CUBE, a multiple-currency based economic model, to lay a foundation for resource sharing in untrusted P2P computing environments. PET is a flexible trust model that can adapt to different requirements, and provides the solid support for the currency management in M-CUBE. M-CUBE provides a novel self-policing and quality-aware framework for the sharing of multiple resources, including both homogeneous and heterogeneous resources. We evaluate the efficacy and performance of this approach in the context of a real application, a peer-to-peer Web server sharing. Our results show that our approach is flexible enough to adapt to different situations and effective to make the system profitable, especially for systems with large scale.
Alert-Driven E-government Service Management: A Case Study on Road Maintenance Management System
Authors: Trewina P. Y. Leung, Dickson K. W. Chiu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

Effective and efficient process management is of paramount importance in today's businesses. This is also indispensable for the maintenance of public road system. Since the maintenance work involves lots of humans and critical conditions, the complex communication among government departments often delay progress of work and exceed the scheduled completion date. In order to shorten the time of communication among departments and facilitate the workflow of different maintenance stages, we develop a conceptual model of Road Maintenance Management System (RMMS). The RMMS makes use of alert mechanism and Web services for B2B interactions for handling urgent requests of road maintenance work. By using Web services, the RMMS integrates the internal systems of various government departments and major service providers. Based on the information provided by the involved parties, the RMMS analyzes and handles urgent requirements automatically and therefore could maintain the timeliness and accuracy of public road maintenance services.
Simulation of risk and return profiles for portfolios of CDO tranches
Authors: William J. Morokoff
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Investments in Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) often offer attractive yields relative to other similar debt instruments (corporate bonds, etc.). However, the risk profiles of CDO investments, and in particular portfolios of these investments, can be substantially different from straight credit portfolios due to complex correlation dependence across CDOs. Simulation is generally required to capture the intricate interaction of default and correlation risk that determines the risk and return profile of a portfolio of CDO investments. This paper considers some of the issues that must be addressed in determining the risk profiles with simulation and presents results on a simple example.