ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Ambient Learning: Rationale and its use in Supporting Blend Learning for Executive Education
Authors: Iraklis Paraskakis
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper presents the innovative e-learning service, ambient Learning, and its use to support blend learning for Executive Education. Ambient Learning is designed to facilitate access to high quality e-learning material tailored to the needs of an individual executive. These needs are determined by the time, place, pace and context that best suits the individual learner. Ambient learning through the provision of content integration allows access to, new e-learning material as well as existing catalogues/e-learning resources. The paper reports on the use of ambient learning into teaching of an MBA and MSc in Information Systems courses, taught at Executive mode. Studying in Executive mode it is meant that all 12 sessions of a module are delivered once per month during a weekend. A preliminary evaluation study has shown very good results.
Optimal design and operation of massively dense wireless networks: or how to solve 21st century problems using 19th century mathematics
Authors: S. Toumpis
Venue: Proceedings from the 2006 workshop on Interdisciplinary systems approach in performance evaluation and design of computer & communications sytems (2006)

In this overview paper, we present a few instructive examples on the optimal design and operation of massively dense wireless network. These networks contain such a large number of nodes that, in addition to the standard microscopic view, an additional macroscopic view of them emerges. The macroscopic view is not as detailed, but nevertheless preserves sufficient information to allow a meaningful network optimization and the derivation of insightful results in a wide range of settings. A prominent feature of massively dense networks is their amenability to mathematics and branches of physics that are unusual in the context of networking, for example Calculus of Variations, Electrostatics, and Optics.
PADS/ML: a functional data description language
Authors: Yitzhak Mandelbaum, Kathleen Fisher, David Walker, Mary Fernandez, Artem Gleyzer
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (2007)

Massive amounts of useful data are stored and processed in ad hoc formats for which common tools like parsers, printers, query engines and format converters are not readily available. In this paper, we explain the design and implementation of PADS/ML , a new language and system that facilitates the generation of data processing tools for ad hoc formats. The PADS/ML design includes features such as dependent, polymorphic and recursive datatypes, which allow programmers to describe the syntax and semantics of ad hoc data in a concise, easy-to-read notation. The PADS/ML implementation compiles these descriptions into ml structures and functors that include types for parsed data, functions for parsing and printing, and auxiliary support for user-specified, format-dependent and format-independent tool generation.
Using students' epistemologies of science to guide the practice of argumentation
Authors: Lisa Kenyon, Leema Kuhn, Brian J. Reiser
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Understanding students' epistemologies of science have become a primary focus for scientific literacy. We want students to be able to reason about evidence and evaluate knowledge claims. This requires an understanding about the epistemology of science and inquiry practices. In this paper, we propose a functional approach for using students' epistemologies to guide inquiry practices. In our design, students use a set of criteria that reflects epistemologies of science and guides construction and evaluation of explanations in their scientific investigations. We use argumentation to create a need for students to use these criteria to compare and evaluate one another's explanations. This study takes place in a 7th grade project-based ecology unit. Our analysis shows that these criteria guide students as they construct and evaluate explanations. During this process, students enhance their epistemologies of science and the quality of their scientific work products.
An ECA-Rule-Based Workflow Approach for Advance Resource Reservation in ShanghaiGrid
Authors: Yi Wang, Minglu Li, Jian Cao, Ying Li, Lin Chen, Xinhua Lin, Feilong Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

ShanghaiGrid is the first metropolitan grid in China. The project aims to develop an environment to share distributed resources in Shanghai conveniently based on grid technology. Yet, resources are finite for ever, especially for some expensive and specific resources. Users must reserve these resources in advance before use them. Present solutions need users confirm the absolute start time of reservation before the reservation which is impossible in practice at most time. But they can often estimate the relative time to start reservation after a specific event, e.g. beginning or finishing a task. As a part of ShanghaiGrid, we develop an ECA rule-based workflow management system (EWMS) which can serve for arranging the relative start time of advance resource reservation as users' demand. We introduce the design architecture of EWMS in the paper, and give a modeling demo to show how to realize advance resource reservation through our system.
WriteOn: A Tool to Support Teaching Software Engineering
Authors: Joseph G. Tront, Vinod Eligeti, Jane Prey
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training Workshops (2006)

In this paper, we discuss an advance in technology-aided instruction. Not limited as in the past to PowerPoint-based or white board-centered electronic ink applications, the new tool, WriteOn, allows the instructor to use electronic ink to annotate on top of any application visible on the tablet PC display screen. WriteOn has been successfully used in the teaching of program design and development techniques in introductory computer engineering and computer science classes. This paper describes the experience of the lecturer as well as the students in using WriteOn in a class that teaches the fundamentals of software engineering to computer science and computer engineering students.
ICT Integrated into One-to-One Tutoring: From Face to Face to Online
Authors: Yu-Min Chung, Shelley Shwu-Ching Young, Tuan-Ni Lien
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

"The Center for Online E-tutoring" in "EduCities" is playing a pioneering role in Taiwan. This project aims to provide a channel and an opportunity for the disadvantaged minorities to get much educational supports by information communication technology (ICT). In this preliminary study, the foci are on the working condition about an online real time human tutoring environment with XLearn, learning and perceptionss from the users, e-tutors and e-tutees after practices. The findings indicated that in the examination-oriented educational context, the preferred instructional style is tutor-centered. In addition, e-tutors' online tutoring skills were influenced by their previous turoing experiences in the physical world..
Load Balancing in a Cluster Computer
Authors: Paul Werstein, Hailing Situ, Zhiyi Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm for distributed use of a cluster computer. It uses load information including CPU queue length, CPU utilisation, memory utilisation and network traffic to decide the load of each node. This algorithm is compared to an algorithm using only the CPU queue length. The performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well.
An algorithm for the calibration of sensor arrays with sensor gain and phase uncertainties
Authors: M. Ali, J. Gotze, R. Pauli
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

A powerful, efficient non-iterative array calibration algorithm is presented. The algorithm determines the gain and phase compensation for translational invariant, particularly linear uniform arrays which are the basis for many efficient array processing algorithms. Starting with N measurements of the desired M-element array scan range, the algorithm computes just 2M weighted scalar products of N-element vectors and solves a (M-2)*(M-2) tridiagonal system of normal equations. An exact knowledge of the source position is not necessary. The algorithm also compensates for angle dependent model deviations like near field effects or element pattern mismatch in a least squares sense within the scan range.
Simulation analysis of virtual geographic routing
Authors: David M. Nicol, Michael E. Goldsby, Michael M. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

Homeland defense applications will use large-scale ad-hoc networks of small devices. Routing is a crucial problem, for naive means do not scale well. Geographic Routing (GR) (Karp 2000; Giordano, Stojmenovic, and Blazevic 2003) offers hope for scalability, under the assumption that every device knows its geographic coordinates, e.g., through GPS. This solution is unsuitable though when there is no easy means of establishing a device's physical location indoors. To address this limitation we propose Virtual Geographic Routing where we construct a virtual coordinate space and use GR within it. This paper describes VGR, compares the characteristics of paths VGR identifies with those that GR identifies, then presents theoretical and empirical evidence for its scalability.
Design and evaluation of web proxies by leveraging self-similarity of web traffic
Authors: Rachid El Abdouni Khayari
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2006)

In this paper a new concept for the analysis of communication systems and their performance is presented. Our point of view is that insights in system workload can help in developing new methods for improving the perceived system performance. From measurements, we gained ideas about the typical request pattern. These obtained insights have been used in developing new methods for improving the system performance. To validate these new approaches, simulations have been used.First, we present a fitting algorithm which directly deals with measurement data instead of an intermediate heavy-tailed distribution. This method provides good results for approximating the object-size distribution as well as the performance measures in an M|G|1 queue. The results of the fitting procedure allow a classification of the considered events; they provide a perfect classification of the space of data sizes in different classes.Furthermore, we develop a new caching algorithm, class-based, least recently used (C-LRU), with the aim to obtain a good balance between small and large documents in the cache. Similarly, the new scheduling algorithm, class-based interleaving weighted fair queueing (CI-WFQ), exploits the distribution of the object sizes being requested to set its parameters such that good mean response times are obtained and starvation does not occur. We have found that both methods are suitable for the use in Web proxy servers, and present, in many cases, an improvement over the yet existing strategies. For the comparison of the methods, we have used trace-driven simulations. Both algorithms are parameterized using information on the requested object-size distribution. In this way, they can be seen as potentially adaptive to the considered workload.
Can E-Learning Be Made Real-Time?
Authors: Yacine Atif, Rachid Benlamri, Jawad Berri
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

It has been widely argued across e-learning research literature that the most innovative approaches to e-learning are those which allow learners to receive customized training material according to their needs and their own time and place. In this paper we propose an integrated approach which combines these constraints in generating a timeadjusted knowledge volume on-the-fly. Recent progress in semantic web could facilitate a real-time approach to learning whereby contextual instruction is delivered at a time where the learner is ready to receive it and within a preset duration which satisfies the learner's schedule. To achieve these objectives, we propose a rule-based representation to model a domain context. The related domain knowledge is encapsulated within standard learning objects. A progressive inference engine maps selected ontological entities into timed learning objects which temporal attributes are deemed feasible with respect to the learner's schedule.
A Facial Expression Recognition Approach Based on Confusion-Crossed Support Vector Machine Tree
Authors: Qinzhen Xu, Pinzheng Zhang, Wenjiang Pei, Luxi Yang, Zhenya He
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

A hybrid learning approach named confusioncrossed support vector machine tree (CSVMT) has been proposed in our current work. It is developed to achieve a better performance for complex distribution problems even when the two parameters of SVM are not appropriately selected. In this paper a facial expression recognition approach based on CSVMT is proposed. Pseudo-Zernike moments are applied in the feature extraction phase, and then CSVMT learning model is performed during the facial expression recognition phase. The compared results on Cohn- Kanade facial expression database show that the proposed approach appeared higher recognition accuracy than the other approaches.
Multiple UAV task allocation using negotiation
Authors: P. B. Sujit, A. Sinha, D. Ghose
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

A multiple UAV search and attack mission involves searching for targets in an unknown region, followed by attack on the detected targets. An effective mission involves assigning the tasks to UAVs efficiently. Task allocation becomes difficult when the UAVs have limited range to detect the targets and neighbouring UAVs. The UAVs are also subject to limited communication range. With these constraints, allocating tasks efficiently to UAVs become difficult. In this paper, we propose a negotiation scheme that efficiently allocates tasks for multiple UAVs. The performance of the negotiation based task allocation is studied on a battle field scenario. We study the effect of sensor ranges on the task allocation and compare the results with that of greedy strategy and a variation of the negotiation mechanism. The results show that the negotiation based task allocation mechanism performs far better than the greedy strategy. Negotiation with target information exchange between neighbours performs better than without target information exchange, when the sensor radius is low.
Drawing Things Together: Integrating Modalities and Co-ordinating Understanding
Authors: Patrick G. T. Healey
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Graphical dialogue -the collaborative construction and modification of drawings- forms an integrated part of many human interactions e.g., the construction of sketch maps, architectural designs or explanatory diagrams. Empirical studies have shown significant parallels between the basic mechanisms that underpin verbal and graphical dialogue. These parallels point to the operation of generic mechanisms of interaction that integrate events in different modalities into composite communicative signals. This provides a useful perspective on the design of technologically mediated interactions and suggests there is potential for developing richer forms of human interaction.
The influence of the buyer-seller relationship on e-commerce pressures: the case of the primary metal industry
Authors: Harold Boeck, Ygal Bendavid, Louis-A. Lefebvre, Élisabeth Lefebvre
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

Existing data warrants research into the influence that large buyers have on the e-commerce adoption of smaller sellers. Based on a multiple case study of 12 organizations, the researchers discovered that the different stages of the buyer-seller relationship require the use of specific e-commerce activities. As the relationships evolve, so does the use of e-commerce. This phenomenon adds to the underlying complexity of SME e-commerce adoption and contributes to understanding their lower rate of adoption. Interestingly, e-commerce collaboration was absent from the relationships studied.
Effect of joining decisions on peer clusters
Authors: Stéphane Airiau, Sandip Sen, Prithviraj Dasgupta
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Super-peer networks have been proposed to address the issue of search latency and scalability in traditional peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In a super-peer network, instead of having a fully distributed systems of peer nodes with similar or comparable capabilities, some nodes that possess considerable computing power and resources are designated as super-peers. Each super-peer acts as a server for multiple client peers under it. This hierarchical structure of a super-peer network improves the performance of a super-peer network over traditional P2P networks by handling most search queries between the few super-peer nodes, thereby reducing overall network traffic and improving search latency. In this paper, we address the problem of mutual selection by super-peers and client peers. In particular, we evaluate alternative decision functions used by super-peers to allow new client peers to join the cluster of clients under it. We experiment with peers with known resources and demands. By formally representing and reasoning with capability and query distributions, we develop peer-selection functions that either promote concentration or diversification of capabilities within a cluster. We evaluate the effectiveness of these different selection functions for different environments where peer capabilities are aligned or are independent of their queries. We offer insight and analysis on the effects on inter and intra-peer bandwidth consumption which will allow a super-peer to adopt appropriate peer-selection functions given their expectations about the environment.
What's in a character?
Authors: Rob DeSalle
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2006)

Systematic analyses are included as integral parts of bioinformatic analysis. The use of phenetic and phylogenetic trees in many of the newer areas of biology create a need for bioinformaticists to understand more completely the nuances of systematic analysis. Any description in comparative biology, universally begins with what information to use in the comparative endeavor. Phylogenetic approaches are no different. The diversity of approaches and phylogenetic questions in systematics have sometimes hindered a precise understanding of what primary data should be collected to perform such analyses. In addition, one should always keep in mind that the objective of systematic organization of entities in nature not only strives to organize those entities in an objective, repeatable and operational way, but also to organize the attributes of the entities in a similar hierarchical context. This paper attempts to describe characters as the basis of all comparative analysis, to describe the diverse kinds of primary data that exist today in biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, and to place these kinds of primary data in the context of the established approaches to tree building.
Computer-assisted, fluoroscopy-based ventral spondylodesis of thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: G. Zheng, B. Maier, C. Ploss, I. Marzi, L.-P. Nolte
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2006)

To design and evaluate a novel computer-assisted, fluoroscopy-based planning and navigation system for minimally invasive ventral spondylodesis of thoracolumbar fractures.materials and Methods." Instruments and an image intensifier are tracked with the SurgiGATE® navigation system (Praxim-Medivision). Two fluoroscopic images, one acquired from anterior-posterior (AP) direction and the other from lateral-medial (LM) direction, are used for the complete procedure of planning and navigation. Both of them are calibrated with a custom-made software to recover their projection geometry and to co-register them to a common patient reference coordinate system, which is established by attaching an opto-electronically trackable dynamic reference base (DRB) on the operated vertebra. A biplanar landmark reconstruction method is used to acquire deep-seated anatomical landmarks such that an intraoperative planning of graft bed can be interactively done. Finally, surgical actions such as the placement of the stabilization devices and the formation of the graft bed using a custom-made chisel are visualized to the surgeon by superimposing virtual instrument representations onto the acquired images. The distance between the instrument tip and each wall of the planned graft bed are calculated on the fly and presented to the surgeon so that the surgeon could formalize the graft bed exactly according to his/her plan.Results: Laboratory studies on phantom and on 27 plastic vertebras demonstrate the high precision of the proposed navigation system. Compared with CT-based measurement, a mean error of 1.0 mm with a standard deviation of 0.1 mm was found.Conclusions: The proposed computer assisted, fluoroscopy-based planning and navigation system promises to increase the accuracy and reliability of minimally invasive ventral spondylodesis of thoracolumbar fractures.
Ultra low-voltage ultra low-power CMOS threshold voltage reference
Authors: Luis H. C. Ferreira, Tales C Pimenta, Robson L. Moreno, Wilhelmus A. V. Noije
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design (2006)

A simple voltage reference source in weak inversion CMOS for ultra low-voltage and ultra low-power applications is presented. Its voltage reference is provided by the threshold voltage of an nMOS transistor, as it can be verified in the theoretical deduction presented and by the BSIM3v3 simulations. The circuit simulated in a standard 0.35μm CMOS process provided a voltage reference of 512.03mV with a variation of just 33ppm°C for the temperature range of - 30°C to 100°C, and ± 0.42%/V variation for the power supply ranging from 750mV to 3.60V. The circuit takes a total area of 0.06mm2 and requires only 800nA of biasing current.