ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Inter-enterprise business document exchange
Authors: Jingzhi Guo
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

Electronic business document interoperation is the cornerstone of business process integration. An essential issue for business document interoperation is to maintain semantic consistency of the exchanged business documents between any two autonomous business communities, where the document sender and receiver have no misunderstanding in using the exchanged documents. Existing approaches to resolving this issue either adopts document standards to map heterogeneous document elements or applies business ontologies to mediate inconsistent document elements. While these approaches are effective in certain degree, the issues of limited flexibility and evolvability in using standards and the lack of accuracy in using ontologies to mediate document elements must be explored and resolved. This paper proposes a Collaborative Document Exchange (CODEX) approach to resolving the issues. In this approach, structures and concepts of business document are separated and layered in CODEX framework. Structures provide the commonality of business documents through classified concept identifiers while concepts support particularity of business documents through collaboration.
Defect Prevention: A General Framework and Its Application
Authors: Li Meng, Xiaoyuan He, Sontakke Ashok
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Defect prevention in CMM and Causal Analysis and Resolution in CMMI are focused on identzjjing the root cause of defects and preventing defects from recurring. Actions are expected at a project level as well as organization level. This paper provides a general framework of defect prevention activities which consists of organization structure, defect definition, defect prevention process and quality culture establishment. Implementation of defect prevention results in rapid and sustained improvement in sofhvare product quality which is evident from an example in Neusoft Group, where defect density in post release phase decreased from 0.85defects/KLOC in 2000 to O.Idefects/KL.OC in 2005.
A Reconfigurable Architecture for Multi-Gigabit Speed Content-Based Routing
Authors: James Moscola, Young H. Cho, John W. Lockwood
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects (2006)

This paper presents a reconfigurable architecture for high-speed content-based routing. Our architecture goes beyond simple pattern matching by implementing a parsing engine that defines the semantics of patterns that are parsed within the data stream. Defining the semantics of patterns allows for more accurate processing and routing of packets using any fields that appear within the payload of the packet. The architecture consists of several components, including a pattern matcher, a parsing structure, and a routing module. Both the pattern matcher and parsing structure are automatically generated using an application-specific compiler that is described in this paper. The compiler accepts a grammar specification as input and outputs a data parser in VHDL. The routing module receives control signals from both the pattern matcher and the parsing structure that aid in the routing of packets. We illustrate how a content-based router can be implemented with our technique using an XML parser as an example. The XML parser presented was designed, implemented, and tested in a Xilinx Virtex XCV2000E FPGA on the FPX platform. It is capable of processing 32-bits of data per clock cycle and runs at 100 MHz. This allows the system to process and route XML messages at 3.2 Gbps.
Completeness of Query Operations on Resource Spaces
Authors: Hai Zhuge, Erlin Yao
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid (2006)

A great variety of languages can be designed by different people for different purposes to operate resource spaces. Two fundamental issues are: can we design more operations in addition to existing operations? and, how many operations are sufficient or necessary? This paper solves these problems by investigating the theoretical basis for determining how complete a selection capability is provided in a resource operation sublanguage independent of any host language. The result is very useful to the design and analysis of operating languages.
Gibbs Phenomena
Authors: Peter D. Lax
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2006)

In this note we show that when a discontinuous initial value problem for a scalar hyperbolic equation in one space variable is approximated by a difference scheme that is more than first order accurate; it leads to overshoots analogous to the Gibbs phenomenon when discontinuous functions are approximated by sections of Fourier series. A hybrid scheme due to Harten and Zwass removes the overshoots. Similar phenomena occur when solving schemes of hyperbolic equations.
An online learning algorithm with dimension selection using minimal hyper basis function networks
Authors: Kyosuke Nishida, Koichiro Yamauchi, Takashi Omori
Venue: Systems and Computers in Japan (2006)

In this study, the authors propose an HMRAN (Hyper MRAN) for which dimension selection is possible, by extending a minimal resource allocating network (MRAN) for online learning with minimized resources, with the application of a growth strategy and pruning strategy for hidden units in a Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF) network. When the input is a multidimensional pattern, it is often the case that dimensions with an explicit relationship to the output are limited to a single section and it is difficult to develop a correspondence with a MRAN having an isotropic Gaussian function as the basis function. Dimension selection can be flexibly performed in basis function units with the use of a hyper basis function (Hyper BF) instead of a Gaussian function. Furthermore, computational complexity is reduced by using a localized extended Kalman filter (LEKF) and the introduction of a merging strategy for the basis function and improvements to the pruning strategy resulted in a reduction of the resources needed. A number of benchmark tests were performed and it was confirmed that the proposed technique can be implemented with good accuracy and minimal resources compared to the conventional technique. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(11): 11&ndash;21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002&sol;scj.20507
Low Dynamics RLSL Adaptive Algorithm Using A Priori Estimation Errors
Authors: C. Paleologu, S. Ciochina, A. A. Enescu
Venue: Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (2006)

This paper proposes a version of RLSL (Recursive Least-Squares Lattice) adaptive algorithm using a priori estimation errors. Starting from a modified form of the cost function, based on an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the mean-square error, this algorithm achieves a reduced dynamic range of parameters. This improvement could lead to facility for fixed-point implementation.
Lurking as participation: a community perspective on lurkers' identity and negotiability
Authors: Yu-Wei Lee, Fei-Ching Chen, Huo-Ming Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Lurking, a discursive phenomenon in online communities, is often underemphasized. We draw on Wenger's social theory of learning to explore particularly the characteristic of lurkers who are "online regularly" in order to scrutinize the active intentions of a group of seemingly passive participants. Using a mixture of methods, we identified 95 lurkers among 353 participants in a six-week inquiry learning community, and uncovered their process of negotiability and identification from a virtual ethnographic approach.
Gridows: The Great Integrator for Web Applications
Authors: Hai Jin, Li Qi, Yong Zhou, Yaqin Luo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

We present Gridows in this paper. It combines the WebOS, Grid, and Agent technique to build a virtual computer in distributed environment. It provides light-weight GUI models and a set of flexible API for users to construct web applications. The agent technique and adaptive file type transforming mechanism bring good serving capability for Gridows. The web applications can be customized and configured freely by the end user. The evaluation proves that Gridows' lightweight client can load faster than other competitors and multi-agent system can bring good scalability. Our first prototype implementation PC2N has served 200,000 users, namely, 200 thousand virtual PCs are activated in the past 5 months.
Estimating the evolution of categorized web page populations
Authors: Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Photis Stavropoulos, Georgios Kouzas, Christos Anagnostopoulos, Dimitrios D. Vergados
Venue: Workshop proceedings of the sixth international conference on Web engineering (2006)

This paper proposes a statistical approach for estimating the evolution of categorized web pages. The proposal is based on the capture-recapture method used in wildlife biological studies and it is modified according to the necessary assumptions and amendments for applying the experiments on the web, where web pages are considered as animals and the specific types of e-commerce pages as particular species of animals whose abundance, birth and survival rates is estimated. An artificial classifier capable of categorizing web pages, plays the role of the biologist who recognizes the species under study. Finally, a virtual experiment in the e-commerce field was simulated and the derived results were quite promising especially as far as the estimations of the survival probability values are concerned.
Numerical computation and approximation of the locations and amplitudes of the extrema of (sin^2x)/x
Authors: J. Le Bihan
Venue: Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (2006)

Expressions of the form (sin2 ) may occur in engineering problems, for instance in signal processing or communications. In this paper, we show that the locations and the amplitudes of the extrema of this function, when expressed under the form of series expansions, can be fastly calculated through recursion formulae. Moreover, very simple accurate algebraic expressions can be derived for evaluating these locations and amplitudes.
Prediction of Lost Data in Virtual Control System with Networked Sensors
Authors: Nilay N. Bhuptani, N. K. Khosla
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

In majorty of the control applications, individual sensors, or dedicated 'loop controllers : are hooked to the centrd c o n w room directly through some kind of a bus or data high way. Virtual Control System(VCS) paradigm assumes a virtual controller(control room), existhg in a v~i.tual network space, but with real endpoints. The real endpoints are realized with network connected sensors and actuators. One of the main issues in such an environment is the loss of controJ during communication failures, both by the way of delayed data, as well as due to communication media hilure. . 72;s paper proposes the concept of such a VCS, and suggests the implementation of a predictor, which extrapolates previous data, to fill-in missing data during short communication hilures. Improvement in control if any, has been investigated in a simulated environment.
Fuzzy Approach for Measuring E-Readiness
Authors: Reggie Davidrajuh, Jan Erik Tvedteras
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic based approach for measuring e-readiness (the investment climate) of a country. Because of its ability to work with imprecise data, fuzzy logic is well suited for this task. Firstly, this paper presents the difficulties in measuring e-readiness of a country. Secondly, this paper proposes a data model for set of indicators about a country's macroeconomic, political and social conditions. Finally, this paper shows development of a fuzzy inference system for measuring e-readiness of a country; the design options (such as single engine versus multi engine inference system, Mamdani versus Sugeno inference method) are also raised.
Identifying Rate-Limiting Nodes in Large-Scale Cortical Networks for Visuospatial Processing: An Illustration using fMRI
Authors: V. W. K. Ng, E. T. Bullmore, G. I. De Zubicaray, A. Cooper, J. Suckling, S. C. R. Williams
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

With the advent of functional neuroimaging techniques, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have gained greater insight into the neural correlates of visuospatial function. However, it may not always be easy to identify the cerebral regions most specifically associated with performance on a given task. One approach is to examine the quantitative relationships between regional activation and behavioral performance measures. In the present study, we investigated the functional neuroanatomy of two different visuospatial processing tasks, judgement of line orientation and mental rotation. Twenty-four normal participants were scanned with fMRI using blocked periodic designs for experimental task presentation. Accuracy and reaction time (RT) to each trial of both activation and baseline conditions in each experiment was recorded. Both experiments activated dorsal and ventral visual cortical areas as well as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More regionally specific associations with task performance were identified by estimating the association between (sinusoidal) power of functional response and mean RT to the activation condition; a permutation test based on spatial statistics was used for inference. There was significant behavioral&ndash;physiological association in right ventral extrastriate cortex for the line orientation task and in bilateral (predominantly right) superior parietal lobule for the mental rotation task. Comparable associations were not found between power of response and RT to the baseline conditions of the tasks. These data suggest that one region in a neurocognitive network may be most strongly associated with behavioral performance and this may be regarded as the computationally least efficient or rate-limiting node of the network.
Decentralized Robustness
Authors: Stephen Chong, Andrew C. Myers
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations (2006)

Robustness links confidentiality and integrity properties of a computing system and has been identified as a useful property for characterizing and enforcing security. Previous characterizations of robustness have been with respect to a single idealized attacker; this paper shows how to define robustness for systems with mutual distrust. Further, we demonstrate that the decentralized label model (DLM) can be extended to support fine-grained reasoning about robustness in such systems. The DLM is a natural choice for capturing robustness requirements because decentralized labels are explicitly expressed in terms of principals that can be used to characterize the power of attackers across both the confidentiality and integrity axes. New rules are proposed for statically checking robustness and qualified robustness using an extended DLM; the resulting type system is shown to soundly enforce robustness. Finally, sound approximations are developed for checking programs with bounded but unknown label parameters, which is useful for security-typed languages. In sum, the paper shows how to use robustness to gain assurance about secure information flow and information release in systems with complex security requirements.
Formant tones: weak components at formant frequencies actively generated in the vocal tract
Authors: R. Kumaresan, C. S. Ramalingam
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The authors have discovered the presence of weak sinusoidal components located at formant frequencies in voiced speech segments. They refer to them as formant tones and propose a method to estimate and track the frequencies of these formant tones. These sinusoidal components are often located close to the strongest harmonic component under the formant peak and closely track the respective formant peaks with time. The formant tones seem to provide crucial incremental information required precisely to identify and track the formant location. These tones are not easily discernible using standard short-time Fourier transform or linear prediction methods. However, when the speech signal is decomposed into its harmonic components, tell-tale evidence of these formant tones is visible in their envelopes. Then the strong harmonic components are removed by high-pass filtering the envelopes. The high-pass filtered envelopes are subsequently used to identify the frequency tracks of these tones. Since the formant tones are non-harmonic, they must originate in the vocal tract as a reaction to the impinging glottal pulses. These tones appear to be angle-modulated by the glottal pulses.
Genetic Programming with Incremental Learning for Grammatical Inference
Authors: Ernesto Rodrigues, Heitor Silverio Lopes
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomita's language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one.
ACache: Using Caching to Improve the Performance of Multiple Sequence Alignments
Authors: Xun Tu, Kajal T. Claypool, Cindy X. Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2006)

Multiple sequence alignment represents a class of powerful bioinformatics tools with many uses in computational biology ranging from discovery of characteristic motifs and conserved regions in protein families to improved prediction of secondary and tertiary structure. Today, with rapidly growing data repositories offering scientists significantly more data with which to make better decisions, it is increasingly important to run these multiple alignment calculations as rapidly as possible. However, while several multiple alignment algorithms have been developed, these algorithms remain computationally expensive taking as long as 2 to 3 days for some queries. In this paper, we propose a new caching technique to improve the performance of multiple sequence alignment algorithms. In particular, we propose a nested two level cache hierarchy that provides caching of pairwise alignment results - a computationally expensive subcomponent of the multiple sequence alignment algorithms. A key contribution of our work is the development of two novel cache replacement policies that closely track the scientist's query patterns over time. We present experimental results that validate the benefits of caching over the repeated computation of the alignments, provide heuristics for determining which alignments would benefit from the caching, and show the effectiveness of the developed cache replacement policies.
A follow up study of the effect of personality on the performance of software engineering teams
Authors: John Karn, Tony Cowling
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

This paper describes ethnographic observations and analysis of the performance of student teams working on year-long software projects (2004-2005 UK academic year) for industrial clients. Personality types were measured using an online version of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), as a basis for studying how individuals interacted within the teams, and the effects of disruptive issues on the quality of work produced by the team. The behavior of the observed teams is analyzed and the results compared with those from the previous year's (2003-2004) research, also carried out on student teams. A significant finding in 2003-2004 was that issues which teams did not discuss adequately caused more problems for the quality of work than issues which produced actual disruption within the team; the results from 2004-2005 differ in that actual disruptions proved most damaging to the teams involved.
Is That Possible? (Or is it Probable?)
Authors: Tom Gedeon
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

In settings where we have significant amounts of data, the probability of events occurring can be calculated. But life is not like that. Human beings must cope with situations where we encounter only a small number of events, handle ambiguous and imprecise information, and respond correctly. Also, arguably, possibility values are more relevant to human beings in the understanding of risk and danger than probability values of unlikely events. In this work I describe some work in transforming low occurrence counts into estimation of imprecise probability.
A digital watermark for vector-based fonts
Authors: Stefan Thiemert, Martin Steinebach, Patrick Wolf
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security (2006)

In this paper we present a blind watermarking scheme for vector-based fonts. The scheme can be used for authenticating the copyright holder as well as for identifying customers of fonts. We slightly modify the symmetry between curve pairs to embed a binary message. The watermark is invisible and robust against conversion into other vector-based font formats. An implementation for TrueType-Fonts was evaluated by typeface designers.Based on the blind watermarking scheme we discuss an extension to a non-blind watermark, which is in addition robust against uniform scaling.
Adaptive Edge Detectors for Piecewise Smooth Data Based on the minmod Limiter
Authors: A. Gelb, E. Tadmor
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2006)

We are concerned with the detection of edges--the location and amplitudes of jump discontinuities of piecewise smooth data realized in terms of its discrete grid values. We discuss the interplay between two approaches. One approach, realized in the physical space, is based on local differences and is typically limited to low-order of accuracy. An alternative approach developed in our previous work [Gelb and Tadmor, Appl. Comp. Harmonic Anal., 7, 101---135 (1999)] and realized in the dual Fourier space, is based on concentration factors; with a proper choice of concentration factors one can achieve higher-orders--in fact in [Gelb and Tadmor, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 38, 1389---1408 (2001)] we constructed exponentially accurate edge detectors. Since the stencil of these highly-accurate detectors is global, an outside threshold parameter is required to avoid oscillations in the immediate neighborhood of discontinuities. In this paper we introduce an adaptive edge detection procedure based on a cross-breading between the local and global detectors. This is achieved by using the minmod limiter to suppress spurious oscillations near discontinuities while retaining high-order accuracy away from the jumps. The resulting method provides a family of robust, parameter-free edge-detectors for piecewise smooth data. We conclude with a series of one- and two-dimensional simulations.