ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a multisector ecological economic system with lags
Authors: M. V. Boichuk, N. M. Shmurygina
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2007)

A model of a diversified ecological economic system with lags is proposed and investigated using sufficient optimality conditions. A turnpike solution of the problem, boundary trajectories, and control switchpoints are found.
Shared Situational Awareness in Emergency Management Mitigation and Response
Authors: John Harrald, Theresa Jefferson
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The US is replacing its historical federalist concept of emergency management where primary responsibility resides with state and local governments and their emergency management and first responder resources for coordinating emergency response and recovery, supported by the resources Federal government (coordinated by FEMA) with a Homeland Security National Response system where response to events is controlled by DHS using a military command and control model. This model assumes that those controlling and coordinating the response and recovery will attain and maintain an accurate, shared common operating picture and situational awareness. The objective of this paper is to discuss why the transfer of this concept from its safety and combat origins to the complex, heterogeneous emergency management structure of the United States will be exceedingly difficult, and that short term strategies based on the assumption that shared situational awareness will be easily achieved are doomed to failure.
Crisis of civil engineering education in information technology age: analysis and prospects
Authors: M. Nehdi
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

The brightest students entering post secondary education are often attracted by routes other than engineering that are perceived more likely to yield careers of higher prestige and greater returns. For civil engineering in particular, this is further compounded by the fact that the field is not traditionally viewed as a high tech discipline. Thus, student quality, enrollment, and research funding in civil engineering programs have been declining across North America. The conservative construction industry is part of the problem; adjustments of this aging cartel to the new economy are still at the embryonic level. Civil engineering educators are facing the question: how do we change the "hard hat down in the ditch" image of civil engineering in the minds of the new information technology generation? This paper presents an analysis of possible causes of this problem and a vision for potential future solutions. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Building Adaptive Camera Models for Video Surveillance
Authors: James W. Davis, Alexander M. Morison, David D. Woods
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2007)

We address the limited automatic scanning functionality of standard PTZ camera systems. We present an adaptive, scene-specific model using standard PTZ camera hardware. The adaptive model is constructed automatically by detect- ing human activity in Motion History Images (MHIs) us- ing an iterative candidacy-classification-reduction process. The target motion is quantified and employed in the con- struction of a global Activity Map, which in turn is used to direct or navigate the camera.
A pyramidal coder using a nonlinear filter bank
Authors: R. L. de Queiroz
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

We propose a novel pyramidal coder, which resembles the general structure of a JPEG coder, but which uses a nonlinear transform to replace the DCT. The nonlinear transform is obtained by the hierarchical application of a median filter predictor at subsampled versions of the original signal. The transformed samples are grouped into square blocks and used to replace the DCT in the JPEG baseline coder. The proposed coder shows several advantages: computation is greatly reduced compared to the DCT, image edges are better encoded, blocking is eliminated, and it allows lossless coding. Objective comparisons show the superiority of the proposed coder against both baseline and lossless JPEG.
Ontology-Based Digital Ecosystem Conceptual Representation
Authors: Hai Dong, Farookh Khadeer Hussain, Elizabeth Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Along with the evolution of Digital Ecosystem, in regards to its definition, two different theories have emerged, respectively from Soluta.net and from Digital Ecosystem and Business Intelligence Institute. This is paper explains the differences between the two theories and more importantly proposes a ontology-based conceptual representation for the concept of Digital Ecosystem with the purpose of helping researchers in the field to better understand the notion of Digital Ecosystem. In addition, we will introduce a simple ontology notation system, as the basis of our ontology model.
Optimized neural networks for modeling of loudspeaker directivity diagrams
Authors: E. Wilk
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 200. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2001)

For the electro-acoustical simulation of sound reinforcement systems, calculation and simulation of the sound field distribution requires measurement and storage of the frequency dependent directivity characteristics (level and phase) of the used loudspeaker models. In modern simulation programs, the spatial resolution can be less than five degrees in third-or even twelfth-octave frequency bands. Therefore, modeling of the directivity diagram of loudspeakers can reduce storage place and simulation time and may even increase the accuracy of the simulation. Modeling-in the sense of mapping the resulting enormous amount of measured data-can be realized very efficiently and with small approximation error using second order neural networks. To reduce the model development time, we in addition created a new adaptation rule for feedforward neural networks with improved convergence behavior. This is achieved only by using the training data and the output error to analytically determine values for the learning parameters' momentum and learning rate in each learning step. We show the advantages of using neural networks with optimized learning parameters by the example of modeling the measured directional response patterns of two real loudspeakers. For measurement we used maximum length sequences (MLSSA).
Lattices that admit logarithmic worst-case to average-case connection factors
Authors: Chris Peikert, Alon Rosen
Venue: Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (2007)

We exhibit an average-case problem that is as hard as finding γ(n)-approximate shortest nonzero vectors in certain n-dimensional lattices in the worst case, for γ(n) = O(√log n). The previously best known factor for any non-trivial class of lattices was γ(n) = Õ(n). Our results apply to families of lattices having special algebraic structure. Specifically, we consider lattices that correspond to ideals in the ring of integers of an algebraic number field. The worst-case problem we rely on is to find approximate shortest vectors in these lattices, under an appropriate form of preprocessing of the number field. For the connection factors γ(n) we achieve, the corresponding decision problems on ideal lattices are not known to be NP-hard; in fact, they are in P. However, the search approximation problems still appear to be very hard. Indeed, ideal lattices are well-studied objects in computational number theory, and the best known algorithms for them seem to perform no better than the best known algorithms for general lattices. To obtain the best possible connection factor, we instantiate our constructions with infinite families of number fields having constant root discriminant. Such families are known to exist and are computable, though no efficient construction is yet known. Our work motivates the search for such constructions. Even constructions of number fields having root discriminant up to O(n2/3-ε) would yield connection factors better than Õ(n). As an additional contribution, we give reductions between various worst-case problems on ideal lattices, showing for example that the shortest vector problem is no harder than the closest vector problem. These results are analogous to previously-known reductions for general lattices.
Effect of redundancy on the mean time to failure of wireless sensor networks: Research Articles
Authors: Anh Phan Speer, Ing-Ray Chen
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2007)

In data-driven wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the system must perform data sensing and retrieval and possibly aggregate data as a response at runtime. As a WSN is often deployed unattended in areas where replacements of failed sensors are difficult, energy conservation is of primary concern. While the use of redundancy is desirable in terms of satisfying user queries to cope with sensor and transmission faults, it may adversely shorten the lifetime of the WSN, as more sensor nodes will have to be used to answer queries, causing the energy of the system to drain quickly. In this paper, we analyze the effect of redundancy on the mean time to failure (MTTF) of a WSN in terms of the number of queries the system is able to answer correctly before it fails due to either sensor&#x002F;transmission faults or energy depletion. In particular, we analyze the effect of redundancy on the MTTF of cluster-structured WSNs for energy conservations. We show that a tradeoff exists between redundancy and MTTF. Furthermore, an optimal redundancy level exists such that the MTTF of the system is maximized. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agent-based Human-computer-interaction for Real-time Monitoring Systems in the Trucking Industry
Authors: Elfriede I. Krauth, Jos van Hillegersberg, Steef L. van de Velde
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Auto ID systems can replace time-consuming, costly and error-prone processes of human data entry and produce detailed real time information. However, they will add value only to the extent that data is presented in a user-friendly manner. As model-based decision support is not always adequate, an agent-based approach is often chosen. Real life entities such as orders and trucks are represented by agents, which negotiate in order to solve planning problems. For the respective data representation at least two forms can be distinguished, focusing either on (1) resources (accountbased) or (2) orders (order-centric). Applying cognitive fit theory we describe how the different interfaces affect decision making. The hypotheses will be tested in a laboratory experiment. The intended contribution should support that order-centric interfaces have higher user-friendliness and are especially beneficial to low-analytics and planners working under time pressure.
The pre-college engineering program at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez: methods and assessment
Authors: G. Beauchamp-Baez
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 03 (1998)

The College of Engineering of the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus (UPRM) established the UPRM Pre-College Engineering Program in 1992. The program targets rising senior high-school students with a demonstrated interest in and potential for math and science related professions. This paper presents an overview of the program and an assessment of its effectiveness in meeting its objectives. Detailed statistics are presented concerning the formative and summative evaluations performed for each session during the program's history. Also, the project's success in attracting students to engineering careers is discussed.
Third Workshop on Hot Topics in System Dependability HotDep'07
Authors: Miguel Castro, John Wilkes
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2007)

The goals of HotDep are to bring forth cuttingedge research ideas spanning the domains of fault tolerance/ reliability and systems, and to build linkages between the two communities (e.g., between people who attend traditional "dependability" conferences such as DSN and ISSRE, and those who attend "systems" conferences such as OSDI, SOSP, and EuroSys).
Portable and Efficient Continuous Data Protection for Network File Servers
Authors: Ningning Zhu, Tzi-cker Chiueh
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2007)

Continuous data protection, which logs every update to a file system, is an enabling technology to protect file systems against malicious attacks and/or user mistakes, because it allows each file update to be undoable. Existing implementations of continuous data protection work either at disk access interface or within the file system. Despite the implementation complexity, their performance overhead is significant when compared with file systems that do not support continuous data protection. Moreover, such kernel-level file update logging implementation is complex and cannot be easily ported to other operating systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of four user-level continuous data protection implementations for NFS servers, all of which work on top of the NFS protocol and thus can be easily ported to any operating systems that support NFS. Measurements obtained from running standard benchmarks and real-world NFS traces on these user-level continuous data protection systems demonstrate a surprising result: Performance of NFS servers protected by pure user-level continuous data protection schemes is comparable to that of unprotected vanilla NFS servers.
Clock-frequency assignment for multiple clock domain systems-on-a-chip
Authors: Scott Sirowy, Yonghui Wu, Stefano Lonardi, Frank Vahid
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

Modern systems-on-a-chip platforms support multiple clock domains, in which different sub-circuits are driven by different clock signals. Although the frequency of each domain can be customized, the number of unique clock frequencies on a platform is typically limited. We define the clock-frequency assignment problem to be the assignment of frequencies to processing modules, each with an ideal maximum frequency, such that the sum of module processing times is minimized, subject to a limit on the number of unique frequencies. We develop a novel polynomial-time optimal algorithm to solve the problem, based on dynamic programming. We apply the algorithm to the particular context of post-improvement of accelerator-based hardware/software partitioning, and demonstrate 1.5x-4x additional speedups using just three clock domains.
Comparing Recommendation Strategies in a Commercial Context
Authors: Markus Zanker, Markus Jessenitschnig, Dietmar Jannach, Sergiu Gordea
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Recommender systems have a long tradition of reducing users' search costs by proposing items on the basis of users' preferences and aggregated information about other users. In e-commerce scenarios, different types of user preferences—implicitly collected ratings as well as explicitly formulated requirements—are available. The authors perform a comparative evaluation across different recommendation techniques, such as knowledge-based sales advisory and collaborative filtering, on a commercial data set. By making this data set publicly available, the authors hope to foster research efforts on the specific requirements of commercial shopping platforms.
Prioritized SMT Architecture with IPC Control Method for Real-Time Processing
Authors: Nobuyuki Yamasaki, Ikuo Magaki, Tsutomu Itou
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (2007)

This paper describes a novel processor architecture, the prioritized SMT architecture with the IPC control method, to guarantee the execution time of real-time threads. Based on priority set by a real-time scheduler, all hardware resources including cache systems, fetch, issue, and execution units, are controlled, so that our processor can execute multiple threads in real-time. All runnable threads are simultaneously executed as much as possible in priority order, so that the execution order becomes congruent with the priority order set by a real-time scheduler. If a resource conflict occurs, the lower priority threads are kept waiting until the higher priority thread finishes using the resource. In brief, context switching required for real-time scheduling and execution is converted to the prioritized SMT execution. Here, some triggers including cache misses and branch prediction misses fluctuate the execution speed of a thread. Additionally, in case of an SMT processor, the execution time of each thread may vary according to a combination of simultaneous executing threads. To guarantee the execution time of realtime threads accurately, the IPC control method that monitors and controls each thread IPC in a feedback loop is designed and implemented. Our IPC control method can keep the IPC deviation of the thread within ..1% bounds, if the target IPC is less than 80% of the single thread execution IPC. Our processor is implemented as a processing core of a system LSI, which process was TSMC 0.13um 8 layered Cu wiring, used for distributed real-time systems including humanoid robots, bilateral robots, embedded control systems, and ubiquitous computing systems.
Optimality of a Standard Adaptive Finite Element Method
Authors: Rob Stevenson
Venue: Foundations of Computational Mathematics (2007)

In this paper an adaptive finite element method is constructed for solving elliptic equations that has optimal computational complexity. Whenever, for some s > 0, the solution can be approximated within a tolerance &#x03b5; > 0 in energy norm by a continuous piecewise linear function on some partition with O(&#x03b5;-1/s) triangles, and one knows how to approximate the right-hand side in the dual norm with the same rate with piecewise constants, then the adaptive method produces approximations that converge with this rate, taking a number of operations that is of the order of the number of triangles in the output partition. The method is similar in spirit to that from [SINUM, 38 (2000), pp. 466-488] by Morin, Nochetto, and Siebert, and so in particular it does not rely on a recurrent coarsening of the partitions. Although the Poisson equation in two dimensions with piecewise linear approximation is considered, the results generalize in several respects.
Exploring Business Opportunities from Mobile Service Data of Customers Using Inter-cluster Analysis
Authors: Indranil Bose, Chen Xi
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining - Workshops (2006)

Customer clustering is used to understand customers' preferences and behaviors by examining the differences and similarities between customers. Kohonen vector quantization (KVQ), Kohonen Self Organizing Map (SOM) and K-means are used in this research to find interesting behaviors of customers who subscribe to mobile services. Clustering is followed by inter-cluster analysis in order to identify possible business opportunities.
Complex question answering based on a semantic domain model of clinical medicine
Authors: Douglas W. Oard, Jimmy Lin
Venue:  (2006)

Much research in recent years has focused on question answering. Due to significant advances in answering simple fact-seeking questions, research is moving towards resolving complex questions. An approach adopted by many researchers is to decompose a complex question into a series of fact-seeking questions and reuse techniques developed for answering simple questions. This thesis presents an alternative novel approach to domain-specific complex question answering based on consistently applying a semantic domain model to question and document understanding as well as to answer extraction and generation. This study uses a semantic domain model of clinical medicine to encode (a) a clinician's information need expressed as a question on the one hand and (b) the meaning of scientific publications on the other to yield a common representation. It is hypothesized that this approach will work well for (1) finding documents that contain answers to clinical questions and (2) extracting these answers from the documents. The domain of clinical question answering was selected primarily because of its unparalleled resources that permit providing a proof by construction for this hypothesis. In addition, a working prototype of a clinical question answering system will support research in informed clinical decision making. The proposed methodology is based on the semantic domain model developed within the paradigm of Evidence Based Medicine. Three basic components of this model---the clinical task, a framework for capturing a synopsis of a clinical scenario that generated the question, and strength of evidence presented in an answer---are identified and discussed in detail. Algorithms and methods were developed that combine knowledge-based and statistical techniques to extract the basic components of the domain model from abstracts of biomedical articles. These algorithms serve as a foundation for the prototype end-to-end clinical question answering system that was built and evaluated to test the hypotheses. Evaluation of the system on test collections developed in the course of this work and based on real life clinical questions demonstrates feasibility of complex question answering and high accuracy information retrieval using a semantic domain model.
Evaluation of principal characteristics of circular resonator in thin film applications
Authors: S. Myllymaki, E. Ristolainen, P. Heino, A. Lehto, K. Varjonen
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

A new type of resonator structure has been developed in thin film SOI applications. The resonator has circular shape and vertical vibration. By using conventional SOI chips with other electronics it possible to add this resonator in same structure without complex process steps. The resonator is low mass resonator. It can be used in low frequencies (MHz) and high frequencies (GHz). The resonator has two electrostatically driven electrodes, one directly in resonator and another in substrate. Coupling rods are not needed. Also it is possible to build some kind of transistor on the resonator. By using this component, the transistor can be driven electrostatically. It can have higher voltage-current amplification -ratio than conventional transistor because of mechanic impact. Both strucrures will at least have Q-value of 700, which has been measured in 3,3 MHz in normal room conditions.