ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On 3-to-1 and Power APN S-Boxes
Authors: Deepak Kumar Dalai
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Sequences and Their Applications (2008)

Almost Perfect Nonlinear (APN) S-boxes are used in block ciphers to prevent differential attacks. The non-evidence of permutation APN S-box on even number of variables and the efficiency of power functions bring the importance of power APN S-boxes to use in block ciphers. We present a special class of 3-to-1 S-box (named as S3-to-1 S-box) on even number of variables. The power APN S-boxes on even number of variables fall in this class. Further, another important class of APN functions X 3 + tr(X 9) too falls in this class. We study some results of S3-to-1 S-boxes. In another section we present a necessary condition for power functions to be APN. Using this necessary condition we can filter out some non-APN power functions. Specifically, if the number of variables is multiple of small primes, then one can filter out many non-APN functions.
Reinforcement Learning: Insights from Interesting Failures in Parameter Selection
Authors: Wolfgang Konen, Thomas Bartz---Beielstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN X (2008)

We investigate reinforcement learning methods, namely the temporal difference learning TD(¿) algorithm, on game-learning tasks. Small modifications in algorithm setup and parameter choice can have significant impact on success or failure to learn. We demonstrate that small differences in input features influence significantly the learning process. By selecting the right feature set we found good results within only 1/100 of the learning steps reported in the literature. Different metrics for measuring success in a reproducible manner are developed. We discuss why linear output functions are often preferable compared to sigmoid output functions.
Computers in language development for second language learners: the students' views
Authors: Herman Garcia, Karin Wiburd
Venue:  (2006)

The impact of technology on education has increased dramatically in recent years. Students are now expected to use computer technology for certain aspects of their education. The uses of technology range from drill and practice to creativity applications. But the Internet poses greater challenges for teachers and students. Technology is now regarded as a necessity, not a luxury, in public schools. All Texas graduating seniors must conduct research on the Internet, document what they research, and present the results of their research via a multimedia software package. Teachers use the Internet to explain concepts of documentation, citation, and plagiarism. The uses of technology by teachers and students will change as technology continues to change. This study focused on six elementary bilingual education students (Grades 4, 5, and 6), who were interviewed as they used technology to create projects in language learning. These students were relatively new to the United States; thus, their use of computers and their use of the English language were both very limited. The teacher in this study and her aide did not have extensive experience with technology. They learned about technology along with the students. The voices of the children make this study special. The students analyzed their learning through technology and verbalized how they viewed technology as motivator for learning language. Views of their parents and grandparents, as well as the teacher were also considered. Studies that focus on the educational impact of technology on students traditionally look at pretests/posttests to show academic gains or lack thereof through use of technology. Instead, this study focused on students' views of what they saw happening as they used technology. The stories reflected growth as a result of the impact of technology in a variety of ways. The patterns that resulted from listening to the children and their parents were inspiring. The researcher was touched by the families and their lives and was intrigued by the students and their needs, experiences, and stories.
Average-Case Competitive Analyses for One-Way Trading
Authors: Hiroshi Fujiwara, Kazuo Iwama, Yoshiyuki Sekiguchi
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Computing and Combinatorics (2008)

Consider a trader who exchanges one dollar into yen and assume that the exchange rate fluctuates within the interval [m,M]. The game ends without advance notice, then the trader is forced to exchange all the remaining dollars at the minimum rate m. El-Yaniv et al presented the optimal worst-case threat-based strategy (WTB) for this game [4].In this paper, under the assumption that the distribution of the maximum exchange rate is known, we provide average-case analyses using all the reasonable optimization measures and derive different optimal algorithms for each of them. Remarkable differences in behavior are as follows: Unlike other algorithms, the average-case threat-based strategy (ATB) that minimizes $E[\text{OPT} / \text{ALG}]$ exchanges little by little. The maximization of $E [\text{ALG} / \text{OPT}]$ and the minimization of $E [\text{OPT}] / E [\text{ALG}]$ lead to similar algorithms in that both exchange all at once. However, their timing is different.
Consistency of discrete Bayesian learning
Authors: Jan Poland
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2008)

Bayes' rule specifies how to obtain a posterior from a class of hypotheses endowed with a prior and the observed data. There are three fundamental ways to use this posterior for predicting the future: marginalization (integration over the hypotheses w.r.t. the posterior), MAP (taking the a posteriori most probable hypothesis), and stochastic model selection (selecting a hypothesis at random according to the posterior distribution). If the hypothesis class is countable, and contains the data generating distribution (this is termed the ''realizable case''), strong consistency theorems are known for the former two methods in a sequential prediction framework, asserting almost sure convergence of the predictions to the truth as well as loss bounds. We prove corresponding results for stochastic model selection, for both discrete and continuous observation spaces. As a main technical tool, we will use the concept of a potential: this quantity, which is always positive, measures the total possible amount of future prediction errors. Precisely, in each time step, the expected potential decrease upper bounds the expected error. We introduce the entropy potential of a hypothesis class as its worst-case entropy, with regard to the true distribution. Our results are proven within a general stochastic online prediction framework, that comprises both online classification and prediction of non-i.i.d. sequences.
Improved Primal-Dual Approximation Algorithm for the Connected Facility Location Problem
Authors: Hyunwoo Jung, Mohammad Khairul Hasan, Kyung-Yong Chwa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications (2008)

In the Connected Facility Location(ConFL) problem, we are given a graph G = (V, E) with nonnegative edge cost c e on the edges, a set of facilities $\mathcal{F}\subset V$, a set of demands, i.e., clients $\mathcal{D}\subset V$, and a parameter M ¿ 1. Each facility i has a nonnegative opening cost f i and each client j has d j units of demand. Our objective is to open some facilities, say $F\subset \mathcal{F}$, assign each demand j to some open facility i(j) ¿ F and connect all open facilities using a Steiner tree T such that the total cost, which is $\sum_{i \in F} f_i + \sum_{j \in \mathcal D}d_jc_{i(j)j} + M \sum_{e \in T}c_e$, is minimized.We give an improved primal-dual 6.55-approximation algorithm for the ConFL problem which improves the Swamy and Kumar's primal-dual 8.55-approximation algorithm [1].
Learning and Inferences of the Bayesian Network with Maximum Likelihood Parameters
Authors: Jiadong Zhang, Kun Yue, Weiyi Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2008)

In real applications established on Bayesian networks (BNs), it is necessary to make inference for arbitrary evidence even it is not contained in existing conditional probability tables (CPTs). Aiming at this problem, in this paper, we discuss the learning and inferences of the BN with maximum likelihood parameters that replace the CPTs. We focus on the learning of the maximum likelihood parameters and give the corresponding methods for 2 kinds of BN inferences: forward inferences and backward inferences. Furthermore, we give the approximate inference method of BNs with maximum likelihood hypotheses. Preliminary experiments show the feasibility of our proposed methods.
Multigrid relaxation methods for systems of saddle point type
Authors: C. W. Oosterlee, F. J. Gaspar
Venue: Applied Numerical Mathematics (2008)

In this paper, we give an overview of multigrid methods for two systems of equations, namely the Stokes equations and the incompressible poroelasticity equations. We emphasize the saddle point type aspect in these two systems and discuss their discretization on staggered and collocated grids. The basic problem is that of smoothing a system of equations that has a zero (or almost zero) block in the matrix for one of the unknowns. In particular, we discuss the coupled relaxation approach, with its ''box-wise'' and ''line-wise'' versions and distributive relaxation, that gives a decoupled system of equations for smoothing. For general systems of equations it is a challenge to design an efficient distributive relaxation scheme. This paper may help in finding one.
Hybrid ecologies: understanding cooperative interaction in emerging physical-digital environments
Authors: Andy Crabtree, Tom Rodden
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (2008)

We consider the emergence of hybrid ecologies, which marry mixed reality environments and ubiquitous computing environments together to bridge the physical-digital divide. Hybrid ecologies are new class of digital ecology that merge multiple environments, physical and digital, together. Collaboration in these emerging environments is characterized by `fragmented interaction' in that it is mediated by interaction mechanisms that are differentially distributed. Unpacking the collaborative nature of fragmented interaction requires that we uncover the ordinary interactional competences that users exploit to make differentially distributed mechanisms of interaction work and the distributed practices that articulate `seamful' representations and provide for awareness and coordination.
A Framework for Hybrid Tractability Results in Boolean Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Authors: T. K. Kumar
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (2008)

Many tasks in automated reasoning can be modeled as weighted constraint satisfaction problems over Boolean variables (Boolean WCSPs). Tractable classes of such problems have traditionally been identified by exploiting either: (a) the topology of the associated constraint network, or (b) the structure of the weighted constraints. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a constraint composite graph (CCG) associated with a given (Boolean) WCSP. The CCG provides a unifying framework for characterizing/exploiting both the graphical structure of the constraint network as well as the structure of the weighted constraints. We show that a given (Boolean) WCSP can be reduced to the problem of computing the minimum weighted vertex cover for its associated CCG; and we establish the following two important results: (1) "the CCG of a given Boolean WCSP has the same treewidth as its associated constraint network," and (2) "many classes of Boolean WCSPs that are tractable by virtue of the structure of their weighted constraints have associated CCGs that are bipartite in nature."
An Enterprise Integration Methodology
Authors: Wing Lam, Venky Shankararaman
Venue: IT Professional (2004)

Enterprise integration projects can be huge and complex. Learn how to make them work with this step-by-step approach.
A Semantic Overlay for Service Discovery across Web Information Systems
Authors: Devis Bianchini, Valeria Antonellis, Michele Melchiori, Denise Salvi
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2008)

Many collaborative organizations require advanced semantic interoperability tools to enable cooperation and communication across distributed Web Information Systems (WIS). Adopting the service-oriented technology, they have improved interoperability at the application level by exporting WIS functionalities as Web services. Furthermore, in order to support effective peer-to-peer collaboration, they require semantic interoperability techniques for service discovery and sharing. In this paper, we focus on semantic interoperability issues for distributed collaboration and provide techniques for building a service semantic overlay, across heterogeneous WIS. In particular, semantic links among peers that offer comparable services in a given domain are defined and maintained over the time. The service semantic overlay is ontology-based for formally organizing the shared services to enhance the capability of service interchange and interoperation among the collaborative systems. The approach and a preliminary experimentation have been proposed to demonstrate practical benefits in the framework of the ESTEEM (Emergent Semantics and cooperaTion in multi-knowledgE EnvironMents) project.
Video image processing using mpeg technology for a mobile robot
Authors: Mitch Wilkes
Venue:  (2007)

Estimating egomotion from a video sequence is intrinsically difficult and requires high-level mathematics and programming skills. This work exploits existing technology to leverage the development of a mobile robot's navigation. An open source software MPEG encoder package is modified so that its motion vectors and encoded frame type are accessible. As a result, the process of estimating a motion field from the MPEG motion vectors is far less complicated and time-consuming than those used in conventional methods. The main contribution is the creation of low-cost multiple sensors for a mobile robot. Two real-time applications, visual odometry and precipice detection, are presented. Despite employing simple trigonometry, the visual odometry performs consistently well on moderately textured surfaces with low specular reflection. A proposed novel approach to detecting a precipice in real-time is shown to be successful even when the robot runs at a very high speed. The experimental results substantiate the use of both applications in real situations.
BYY Harmony Learning on Weibull Mixture with Automated Model Selection
Authors: Zhijie Ren, Jinwen Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks (2008)

Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) harmony learning has provided a new learning mechanism to implement automated model selection on finite mixture during parameter learning with a set of sample data. In this paper, two kinds of BYY harmony learning algorithms, called the batch-way gradient learning algorithm and the simulated annealing learning algorithm, respectively, are proposed for the Weibull mixture modeling based on the maximization of the harmony function on the two different architectures of the BYY learning system related to Weibull mixture such that model selection can be made automatically during the parameter learning on Weibull mixture. The two proposed algorithms are both demonstrated well by the simulation experiments on some typical sample data sets with certain degree of overlap.
Semi-active Control of Eccentric Structures Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Hongnan Li, Linsheng Huo, Tinghua Yi
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks, Part III (2007)

In this paper, the control approach to irregular structures excited by multi-dimensional ground motions is presented by using semi-active tuned liquid column damper (TLCD). A back propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict the responses of structure due to two-dimensional seismic inputs. The semi-active control strategy is established and implemented based on ANN. The numerical examples have shown that it is an effective method presented for controlling the translational and rotational responses of irregular structures.
Link layer adaptation for shared wireless links
Authors: George Xylomenos, Michael Makidis
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2008)

While traditional link layer protocols assume that they fully control the underlying link, in contemporary wireless networks the link may be dynamically shared by sessions belonging to different users and/or applications. To assess the impact of link sharing, we measure the File Transfer and Web Browsing throughput achieved over a Selective Repeat (SR) protocol, with or without contention from Media Distribution. Our results indicate that the optimal protocol settings strongly depend on the level of contention for the link. We therefore present two link layer protocols that adapt to the available bandwidth, our Adaptive Selective Repeat (ASR) protocol which dynamically modifies its retransmission timeouts, and the Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specified for use by Universal Mobile Telecommunications System networks which does not employ retransmission timers. We first repeat our performance measurements to determine the optimal settings for each protocol, and then compare the fine tuned versions of all protocols with respect to their File Transfer and Web Browsing throughput, as well as to the delay induced to the contending Media Distribution packets. Our results indicate that while both RLC and ASR are more stable than SR, the complex RLC does not match the performance of our simpler ASR.
Modeling Human Aspects of Business Processes --- A View-Based, Model-Driven Approach
Authors: Ta'Id Holmes, Huy Tran, Uwe Zdun, Schahram Dustdar
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on Model Driven Architecture: Foundations and Applications (2008)

Human participation in business processes needs to be addressed in process modeling. BPEL4People with WS-HumanTask covers this concern in the context of BPEL. Bound to specific workflow technology this leads to a number of problems. Firstly, maintaining and migrating processes to new or similar technologies is expensive. Secondly, the low-level, technical standards make it hard to communicate the process models to human domain experts. Model-driven approaches can help to easier cope with technology changes, and present the process models at a higher level of abstraction than offered by the technology standards. In this paper, we extend the model-driven approach with a view-based framework for business process modeling, in which models can be viewed at different abstraction levels and different concerns of a model can be viewed separately. Our approach enables developers to work with meta-models that represent a technical view on the human participation, whereas human domain experts can have an abstract view on human participation in a business process. In order to validate our work, a mapping to BPEL4People technology will be demonstrated.
Computer Aided Detection (CAD) for Digital Mammography: A Retrospective Reading Study for Consideration on Utilizing CAD Most Effectively
Authors: Yoshifumi Kuroki, Shigeru Nawano, Seiko Suzuki, Hideya Takeo, Shigeru Saotome
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Digital Mammography (2008)

A reading test was performed for a digital mammography (MMG)-CAD system and analyzed the type of readers that used CAD most effectively. The database for the reading test consisted of 40 breast cancer cases and 60 cases without breast cancer. 12 readers interpreted mammograms both with and without CAD. We divided the readers into 2 groups. Group A included readers who had either an extremely high or a relatively low ability of interpretation and insufficient understanding of CAD. Group B included the rest of the readers. As the results, in Group A, there was no statistical difference between the results with and without CAD. In Group B, there was a statistical difference between results with and without CAD in sensitivity, but specificity. This result implies that both sufficient reading training of MMG and the sufficient explanation and training of MMG-CAD is important.
Panels at MODELS 2007
Authors: Jean-Michel Bruel
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (2007)

Currently there are some young and promising approaches in software development, such as Model-Driven Development (MDD), and Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD). While MDD focuses on the systematic use of models, where the software is built through a chain of model transformations, AOSD aims to offer enhanced mechanisms to identify, model and compose crosscutting concerns. But what AOSD proposes doesn't it involve just a specific kind of modelling? And regarding composition, isn't it a special kind of model transformation? If these questions are true, will MDD absorb AOSD in the end? If not, what are then the true crosscutting relationships between MDD and AOSD?
A Study on the Encryption Algorithm for RFID Tag (SEED: 8 Rounds × 64 bits block)
Authors: Hoon Ko, Carlos Ramos
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (2008)

Although it is always weak between RFID Tag and Terminal in focus of the security, there are no security skills in RFID Tag. Recently there are a lot of studying in order to protect it, but because it has some physical limitation of RFID, that is it should be low electric power and high speed, it is impossible to protect with the skills. At present, the methods of RFID security are using a security server, a security policy and security. One of them the most famous skill is the security module, then they has an authentication skill and an encryption skill. In this paper, we designed and implemented after modification original SEED into 8 Round and 64 bits for Tag.
Color Face Plots for Displaying Product Performance
Authors: G. Hahn, C. Morgan, W. Lorensen
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1983)

With color face plots, red eyes don't necessarily indicate lack of sleep. In this study they mean an IC transistor array variable is outside its design limits.
Amharic-English Information Retrieval with Pseudo Relevance Feedback
Authors: Atelach Alemu Argaw
Venue: Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval: 8th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 19-21, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2008)

We describe cross language retrieval experiments using Amharic queries and English language d ocument collection. Two monolingual and eight bilingual runs were submitted with variations in terms of usage of long and short queries, presence of pseudo relevance feedback (PRF), and approaches for word sense disambiguation (WSD). We used an Amharic-English machine readable dictionary (MRD), and an online Amharic-English dictionary for lookup translation of query terms. Out of dictionary Amharic query terms were considered as possible named entities, and further filtering was attained through restricted fuzzy matching based on edit distance which is calculated against automatically extracted English proper names. The obtained results indicate that longer queries tend to perform similar to short ones, PRF improves performance considerably, and that queries tend to fare better with WSD rather than using maximal expansion of terms by taking all the translations given in the MRD.