ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A simple evolutionary topology optimization procedure for compliant mechanism design
Authors: Rubén Ansola, Estrella Veguería, Javier Canales, José A. Tárrago
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2007)

This work presents a modified version of the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) procedure for its application in topology optimization of compliant mechanisms. The proposed procedure is based in the ESO method, which has been successfully applied to several optimum material distribution problems, such us stiffness, frequency or buckling problems, but not for compliant mechanism optimization. It will be shown that an additive version of this method must be adopted in order to achieve the optimum design, since the traditional ESO method's element removal technique is not efficient in this case. The proposed method will apply the objective functions and restrictions suggested in previous works, as well as original formulations and alternative approaches derived in this investigation which improve the solutions obtained by other authors. The procedure has been implemented into a general optimization software and tested in several numerical applications and benchmark examples to illustrate and validate the approach.
Robust hand tracking in low-resolution video sequences
Authors: Nyan Bo Bo, Matthew N. Dailey, Bunyarit Uyyanonvara
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on IASTED International Conference: Advances in Computer Science and Technology (2007)

Automatic detection and tracking of human hands in video imagery has many applications. While some success has been achieved in human-computer interaction applications, hand tracking would also be extremely useful in security systems, where it could help the system to understand and predict human actions, intentions, and goals. We have designed and implemented a prototype hand tracking system, which is able to track the hands of moving humans in low resolution video sequences. Our system uses grayscale appearance and skin color information to classify image sub-windows as either containing or not containing a human hand. The prototype's performance is quite promising, detecting nearly all visible hands in a test sequence with a relatively low error rate. In future work we plan to improve the prototype and explore methods for interpreting human gestures in surveillance video.
Memory Efficient and Low Complexity Variable Length Decoding for MPEG-4 Applications
Authors: Tao Sheng, Mudar Sarem, Jingli Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (2007)

Variable Length Decoding (VLD) is one of the most computationally expensive parts in a video decoder. Since VLD is an inherent bit-serial operation and is the first stage of the whole decoding task, the overall decoding system performance is determined by its throughput and efficiency. In this paper, a VLD scheme is presented. The proposed VLD tables need less than 6Kbytes memory space, and the decoding procedures are completed by applying numerical properties to codewords identification and symbol indexing. Compared with the direct indexing method, not only the memory space is reduced for symbol information, but also the code efficiency is improved by enabling the compiling code with the near mode. Experimental results show that the proposed solution can improve the VLD speed by 17-43%. This VLD method has been integrated into the developed embedded MPEG-4 video decoder and can perform real-time decoding under eight channels Common Intermediate Format (CIF) frame size.
A Clustering Based Bayesian Network Classifier
Authors: Bo Chen, Qin Liao, Zhonghua Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 01 (2007)

Building high-accuracy and efficient Bayesian network classifiers is a hot theme of Bayesian network classifier in recent years. It is often the case that building unrestricted Bayesian network classifier with large number of attributes is time-consuming and always gets poor result, since the searching space of network structure is huge. This paper proposes a clustering based Bayesian network structure learning algorithm(CBNA), which uses mutual information to measure the distances between attributes so as to divide them into groups by hierarchical clustering. Then the network searching is running under these low dimensional spaces while the relation of attributes of different group is ignored instead of finding the network from one high dimensional space. Experimental results suggested that this algorithm is more accurate and efficient when compared to other Bayesian network classifiers and enables to obtain the optimal structure by unrestricted searching.
An automated approach to monitoring and diagnosing requirements
Authors: Yiqiao Wang, Sheila A. McIlraith, Yijun Yu, John Mylopoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering (2007)

Monitoring the satisfaction of software requirements and diagnosing what went wrong in case of failure is a hard problem that has received little attention in the Software and Requirement Engineering literature. To address this problem, we propose a framework adapted from artificial intelligence theories of action and diagnosis. Specifically, the framework monitors the satisfaction of software requirements and generates log data at a level of granularity that can be tuned adaptively at runtime depending on monitored feedback. When errors are found, the framework diagnoses the denial of the requirements and identifies problematic components. To support diagnostic reasoning, we transform the diagnostic problem into apropositional satisfiability (SAT) problem that can be solved by existing SAT solvers. We preprocess log data into a compact propositional encoding that better scales with problem size. The proposed theoretical framework has been implemented as a diagnosing component that will return sound and complete diagnoses accounting for observed aberrant system behaviors. Our solution is illustrated with two medium-sized publicly available case studies: a Web-based email client and an ATM simulation. Our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of scaling our approach to medium-size software systems
Performance Analysis of Ranging Process in IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Systems
Authors: Doo hwan Lee, Hiroyuki Morikawa
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (2007)

In this paper, ranging process in IEEE 802.16e OFDMA systems is analyzed and performance is evaluated. Ranging process provides initial network entry, uplink synchronization, and system coordination. In the system initialization state, multiple users transmit randomly selected ranging code set and BS conducts multiple user identification by ranging code identification and uplink synchronization by transmission delay estimation. Ranging detection is based on peak detection exploiting the cross-correlation property of ranging code. However, the cross-correlation property is prone to be affected by channel characteristics and interference in the multipath fading channel. This paper analyzed the performance of ranging process in the multipath fading channel with 6 practical channel models and investigated the effect of channel characteristics and SNR. For the probabilistic analysis, PDF of ranging signal is also induced using Rayleigh approximation. Metrics of the performance evaluation consider both PHY and MAC layer. Simulations are conducted concerning various factors such as multipath profiles, ranging detection miss and error thresholds, cyclic prefix duration, and MAC layer parameters. The results of will give a thorough understanding on ranging process. Index Terms IEEE 802.16e, Ranging, Wireless Access, OFDMA
A Minicomputer Facility for Picture Processing and Pattern Recogniton Research
Authors: E. Persoon
Venue: Computer (1976)

The laboratory facility for pattern processing and advanced automation research at Purdue University has been specially equipped with hardware and software support for research in picture processing and pattern recognition in general. Fast acquisition and processing of speech signals, pictorial data, and three-dimensional scenes are possible, and the interactive capabilities of the system allow for fast software development.
Deriving Software Architectures for CRUD Applications: The FPL Tower Interface Case Study
Authors: Atif Mashkoor, Joao M. Fernandes
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (2007)

The main aim of this paper is to present how to derive logical software architectures for CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) applications using a specific technique called 4SRS. In this technique, a component diagram, which is obtained through transformations of use cases, is used to represent the logical software architecture. To show that the 4SRS technique, which was initially devised for behavior-intensive reactive systems, is also effective and gives seamless results for other software domains, it is being experimented on data processing systems, which typically follow a CRUD pattern. For demonstration purposes, the FPL tower interface system, which is responsible for communication between air traffic control operators and flight data processing system on airports of Portugal, has been used as a case study.
Stochastic modelling and analysis of 802.11 DCF with heterogeneous non-saturated nodes
Authors: Hamed M. K. Alazemi, A. Margolis, J. Choi, R. Vijaykumar, S. Roy
Venue: Computer Communications (2007)

The Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) in the IEEE 802.11 protocol is a random access scheme based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). In recent years, there have been numerous research on the performance analysis and modelling of DCF under the assumption that the transmission queue is always nonempty (i.e. saturation state). In this paper, we propose a stochastic analysis approach to study the operation of the DCF in the non-saturation state. We also consider the fact that most 802.11 deployments use the infrastructure mode of operation in which all traffic is routed through an access point; this implies that access points will have much more traffic to transmit than the clients. within this realm, we allow for asymmetric finite rate clients to account for the heterogeneous nature of the wireless Access points. Our modelling approach is an extension of that described in Winands et al. [E. Winands, T. Denteneer, J. Resing, R. Rietman, A finite-source feedback queueing network as a model for the IEEE 802.11 DCF, in: Eur. Trans. Telecommun. 16 (1) (2005) 77-89], which is an adaptation of the homogeneous finite-source machine repair queueing model.
PRISM: Improving the Performance of Inverse-Multiplexed TCP in Wireless Networks
Authors: Kyu-Han Kim, Kang G. Shin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2007)

Multi-homed mobile hosts in physical proximity may spontaneously team up to form a community and run high-bandwidth applications by pooling their low wireless widearea network (WWAN) bandwidths together for communication with a remote application server. Utilizing their high-bandwidth wireless local-area network (WLAN), the thus-teamed mobile hosts can aggregate and distribute the application content among themselves. This paper first justifies the need for such a mobile collaborative community (MC2), or a community, to improve user-perceived network bandwidth and utilization. Then, existing one-to-one communication protocols like TCP are shown to suffer significant performance degradation due to frequent out-of-order packet deliveries. To address this TCP problem, we propose a proxy-based inverse multiplexer, called PRISM, that enables TCP to efficiently utilize the community members' WWAN connections while avoiding the performance degradation. PRISM runs at the proxy's network layer as a routing component and stripes each TCP flow over multiple WWAN links by exploiting the transport-layer feedback information. Moreover, it masks a variety of adverse effects specific to each WWAN link via an intelligent ACK-control mechanism. Finally, PRISM enables TCP to respond correctly to dynamically-changing network states through a sender-side enhancement of congestion control. PRISM has been evaluated with experimentation on a testbed as well ns-2-based simulation. Our experimental evaluation has shown PRISM to improve TCP's performance by up to 310% even with two collaborative mobile hosts. Our in-depth simulation study has also shown that PRISM delivers a near-optimal aggregated bandwidth in the community, and improves network utilization significantly
Medical Guidance and PROMIS
Authors: P. L. Walton
Venue: Computer (1979)

Not merely a computerized medical information system, PROMIS is a comprehensive approach to individual health care, from research and education to overall management of health and illness.
A hybrid knowledge and model approach for reviewer assignment
Authors: Yong-Hong Sun, Jian Ma, Zhi-Ping Fan, Jun Wang
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2008)

In R&D project selection, experts (or external reviewers) always play a very important role because their opinions will have great influence on the outcome of the project selection. It is also undoubted that experts with high expertise level will make useful and professional judgments on the projects to be selected. So, how to assign the most appropriate experts to the relevant proposals is a very significant issue. This paper presents a hybrid knowledge and model approach which integrates mathematical decision models with knowledge rules, for the assignment of external reviewers to R&D project proposals. The approach can be applied to government funding agencies in China and other countries.
Work function control at metal high-dielectric-constant gate oxide interfaces
Authors: K. Tse, J. Robertson
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

There has been difficulty in finding metals of sufficiently large or small effective work function to act as metal electrodes on high-dielectric-constant gate oxides. To understand the factors affecting the effective work function, we have calculated the Schottky barrier heights (SBH) of a range of metals at different configurations on (100) and (110) HfO"2 surfaces. On (100) surfaces, different O-terminations are found to be able to shift the SBH by up to 1eV. Metals of different work function from Y to Ni are found to be able to shift the SBH by over 1eV. This is a key conclusion which contrasts with the 'Fermi level pinning' on HfO"2 found by some groups. On the non-polar (110) surface, the low work function metals like Al and Hf are found to bond to O sites, whereas high work function metals like Ni can bond to both Hf and O sites. Thus, many factors such a termination and stoichiometry control the SBH and the effective work function of a metal.
Determining Practice Achievement in Project Management using a Two-Phase Questionnaire on Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Ivan Garcia, Luis E. Suarez
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (2007)

This paper aims to obtain a baseline snapshot of Project Management practices using a two-phase questionnaire to identify both performed and nonperformed practices. The proposed questionnaire is based on the Level 2 process areas of the Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development v1.2. It is expected that the application of the questionnaire to the processes will help small and medium software enterprises to identify those practices which are performed but not documented, which practices need more attention, and which are not implemented due to bad management or unawareness.
Evaluation of phrasal query suggestions
Authors: Alan Feuer, Stefan Savev, Javed A. Aslam
Venue: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management (2007)

This paper evaluates the uptake and efficacy of a unified approach to phrasal query suggestions in the context of a high-precision search engine. The search engine performs ranked extended-Boolean searches with the proximity operator <scp>NEAR</scp> being the default operation. Suggestions are offered to the searcher when the length of the result list falls outside predefined bounds. If the list is too long, the engine suggests narrowing the query through the use of super phrases; if the list is too short, the engine suggests broadening the query through the use of proximal subphrases. We evaluated uptake of phrasal query suggestions by analyzing search log data from before and after the suggestion feature was added to a commercial version of the search engine. We looked at approximately 1.5 million queries and found that, after they were added, suggestions represented nearly 30% of the total queries. We evaluated efficacy through a controlled study of 24 participants performing nine searches using three different search engines. We found that the engine with phrase suggestions had better high-precision recall than both the same search engine without suggestions and a search engine with a similar interface but using an Okapi BM25 ranking algorithm.
An adaptive approach to accelerated evaluation of highly available services
Authors: Chih-Chieh Hsu, Michael Devetsikiotis
Venue: ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS) (2007)

We motivate and describe improved fast simulation techniques for the accelerated performance evaluation of highly available services. In systems that provide such services, service unavailability events are rare due to a low component failure rate or high resource capacity. Using traditional Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate such services requires a large amount of runtime. Importance sampling (IS) has been applied to certain instances of such systems, focusing on single-class and/or homogeneous resource demands. In this article, we formulate highly available services as multiresource losstype systems, and we present two IS methods for fast simulation, extending to multiple classes and nonhomogeneous resource demands. First, for the cases in which component failure rates are small, we prove that static IS using the Standard Clock (S-ISSC) method exhibits the bounded relative error (BRE) property. Second, for estimating failure probabilities due to large capacity or fast service in systems that have nonrare component failure rates, we propose adaptive ISSC (A-ISSC), which estimates the relative probability of reaching each possible state of system failure in every step of the simulation. Using A-ISSC, IS methods which are proven to be efficient can be extended to multidimensional cases, while still retaining a very favorable performance, as supported by our validation experiments.
An Identity-Based Security Architecture for Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Guangsong Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops (2007)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are an emerging technology for last-mile broadband Internet access. This new and promising paradigm allows a fast, easy and inexpensive network deployment. While much effort has been made to address issues at physical, data link, and network layers, little attention has been paid to the security aspect central to the realistic deployment of WMNs. This paper addresses security of WMNs and proposes ISA (Identity-based Security Architecture) for WMNs. ISA eliminates the need for certificate-based public-key distribution indispensable in conventional PKI schemes. It provides a light weight network access protocol based on pairing and hash function. As to key revocation, it introduces a neighbor detection mechanism. The public key of a node is revoked if a certain threshold number of nodes accused the node. ISA also enables efficient network-wide key update via a single broadcast message.
Support vector machine-based multi-source multi-attribute information integration for situation assessment
Authors: Jie Lu, Xiaowei Yang, Guangquan Zhang
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2008)

Understanding any given situation requires integrating many pieces of information. Such information has in most cases multiple attributes and is obtained from multiple data sources within multiple time slots. Situation assessors' experience and preference will naturally influence the result of information integration, and hence influence the awareness generated for a situation. This study focuses on how multi-source multi-attribute information about a situation is integrated and how the awareness information for the situation is derived. A learning-based information integration approach, which embeds the fuzzy least squares support vector machine (FLS-SVM) technique, is developed in this study. This approach can assess a situation through integrating and inference obtained information and analyzing related data sources. A series of experiments show that the proposed approach has an accuracy learning ability from assessors' experience in the information integration for generating awareness for a situation.
Phrase Matching in XML
Authors: Sihem Amer-Yahia, Mary Fernández, Divesh Srivastava, Yu Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29 (2003)

Phrase matching is a common IR technique to search text and identify relevant documents in a document collection. Phrase matching in XML presents new challenges as text may be interleaved with arbitrary markup, thwarting search techniques that require strict contiguity or close proximity of keywords. We present a technique for phrase matching in XML that permits dynamic specification of both the phrase to be matched and the markup to be ignored. We develop an effective algorithm for our technique that utilizes inverted indices on phrase words and XML tags. We describe experimental results comparing our algorithm to an indexed-nested loop algorithm that illustrate our algorithm's efficiency.
Monitoring chronically ill patients using mobile technologies
Authors: Christian Kirsch, Mark Mattingley-Scott, Christian Muszynski, Franz Schaefer, Christoph Weiss
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2007)

Using mobile technologies to remotely monitor patients has many potential benefits, not the least of which is the improvement in quality of life which patients experience when they are in their home environment rather than a hospital. This becomes particularly important when patients are suffering from a chronic disease such as diabetes, kidney failure, arteriosclerosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The remote monitoring of medical parameters such as weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, and peak air flow can be augmented by technology that monitors the patients' compliance with drug regimes, to ensure that they enjoy maximal quality of life with minimal disruptive impact. This paper describes the work done by IBM Research to implement a state-of-the-art, open, pervasive health-care solution. One of the most important aspects of such a solution is how it is implemented in a real-life project; in this paper we describe the implementation of a system to monitor weight and blood pressure for pediatric nephrology cases at Germany's leading university hospital, within the context of both dialysis and post-transplantation recovery.