ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
BoostMotion: Boosting a Discriminative Similarity Function for Motion Estimation
Authors: Shaohua Kevin Zhou, Bogdan Georgescu, Dorin Comaniciu, Jie Shao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

Motion estimation for applications where appearance undergoes complex changes is challenging due to lack of an appropriate similarity function. In this paper, we propose to learn a discriminative similarity function based on an annotated database that exemplifies the appearance variations. We invoke the LogitBoost algorithm to selectively combine weak learners into one strong similarity function. The weak learners based on local rectangle features are constructed as nonparametric 2D piecewise constant functions, using the feature responses from both images, to strengthen the modeling power and accommodate fast evaluation. Because the negatives possess a location parameter measuring their closeness to the positives, we present a locationsensitive cascade training procedure, which bootstraps negatives for later stages of the cascade from the regions closer to the positives. This allows viewing a large number of negatives and steering the training process to yield lower training and test errors. In experiments of estimating the motion for the endocardial wall of the left ventricle in echocardiography, we compare the learned similarity function with conventional ones and obtain improved performances. We also contrast the proposed method with a learning-based detection algorithm to demonstrate the importance of temporal information in motion estimation. Finally, we insert the learned similarity function into a simple contour tracking algorithm and find that it reduces drifting.
Location dependent key management using random key-predistribution in sensor networks
Authors: Farooq Anjum
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Wireless security (2006)

In this paper we propose a location aware approach for key management in sensor networks. As a result, this approach not only provides for better connectivity of sensor nodes in the network but also provides for containment of node compromise. This approach which we call as location dependent key (LDK) management does not require any knowledge about the deployment of sensor nodes. LDK starts off with loading a random set of keys on each sensor node prior to deployment. The actual keys are then derived from this set after the sensor nodes are deployed. LDK also allows for additions of sensor nodes to the network at any point in time. We study the proposed scheme in detail using simulations. The proposed scheme is also compared with some existing key management schemes designed for sensor networks.
Protecting TCP services from denial of service attacks
Authors: Hikmat Farhat
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Large-scale attack defense (2006)

In this paper, we present a scheme that protects legitimate traffic from the large volume of attackers packets during a DDoS attack. Legitimate packets can be recognized by the tokens they carry in the IP header. Obtaining a token does not require protocol additions or changes, rather it is automatically obtained when a TCP connection is established. We believe that the Implicit Token Scheme (ITS) has numerous advantages: (1) It is totally transparent to clients. (2) No new protocols or modification of existing ones is needed to implement ITS. (3) Operations required by intermediate routers are computationally not more intensive than a couple of addition operations which could be easily done at wire-speed. (4) Does not lead to false positives. (5) Can sustain server availability even during attacks involving hundreds of thousands of attackers.
A framework for configurable hierarchical simulation in a multiple-user decision support environment
Authors: Wenlong Zhao, Alexander Verbraeck
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

In this paper we discuss the new challenge for using simulation modeling tools to support decision making in a multiple-user environment when organizations make business process changes in complex logistics systems. Current simulation based decision support tools are mainly single-level oriented and lack the capability and efficiency to support the business process analysis used by multiple users. Operational freedom for configuring executable simulation models is required by users to conduct customized services. This challenge motivated to design an architecture for configurable hierarchical simulation to support multiple-user decision making in a flexible way. The preliminary idea of a new design principle is presented in this paper.
Analytic and algebraic properties of canal surfaces
Authors: Zhiqiang Xu, Renzhong Feng, Jia-guang Sun
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2006)

The envelope of a one-parameter set of spheres with radii r(t) and centers m(t) is a canal surface with m(t) as the spine curve and r(t) as the radii function. This concept is a generalization of the classical notion of an offset of a plane curve. In this paper, we firstly survey the principle geometric features of canal surfaces. In particular, a sufficient condition for canal surfaces without local self-intersection is presented. Moreover, a simple expression for the area and Gaussian curvature of canal surfaces are given. We also consider the implicit equation f(x, y, z) = 0 of canal surfaces with the degree of f(x, y, z) presented. By using the degree of f(x, y, z), a low boundary of the degree of parameterizations representations of canal surfaces is presented.
Optimal excitation of oscillations by a limited control force
Authors: A. O. Belyakov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 4 (2003)

A linear oscillator with limited excitation force (control function) is under consideration. The optimal control, which brings oscillatory system to a certain energy level from any initial conditions at the minimal time, is found. The synthesis of control is done. Multi-dimensional case is also studied. The problem has mechanical application to inertia moments measuring by oscillations of a rigid body in elastic support with several degrees of freedom. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Adding User-Level SPACe: Security, Privacy, and Context to Intelligent Multimedia Information Architectures
Authors: Dawn N. Jutla, Dimitri Kanevsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

We provide a unified architecture, called SPACe, for Secure, Privacy-Aware, and Contextual multimedia systems in organizations. Many key and important architectural components already exist which contribute to a unified platform, including the classic data mining, security, and privacy-preserving components in conventional intelligent systems. After presenting an overview of our unified architecture, we focus on the state-of-the-art architectural components for user interaction in future systems - particularly multimedia voice interaction with intelligent systems. This paper shows how user-level conversational data mining (CDM) methods, coupled with biometric security, and enhanced with privacy- awareness, may be used with any Web information system architecture. Finally, we provide an example of our unified architecture through integrating a knowledge architecture for an e-finance application in the financial services domain. The resulting architectures benefit from added security, privacy-awareness, and contextual filtering at the user-level.
Plagiarism Detection in Large Sets of Press Agency News Articles
Authors: Wolfgang Kienreich, Michael Granitzer, Vedran Sabol, Werner Klieber
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

The advent of electronic media enabling rapid publishing and instant access to news articles has vastly increased the working pace of the media industry. Press agencies can no longer afford to neglect plagiarisms formerly perceived as irrelevant because such acts instantly void the commercial value of original and potentially exclusive news articles. From a different point of view, individuals and organizations of public interest require instant evaluation of impact of actions taken and diffusion of statements made in the media. This publication presents a methodology and a prototypical system for analyzing plagiarisms and, in general, diffusion of textual content in newspaper articles and reports on preliminary application results obtained in the context of Austria's press agency APA.
Task-Set Switching Deficits in Early-Stage Huntington's Disease: Implications for Basal Ganglia Function
Authors: Adam R. Aron, Laura Watkins, Barbara J. Sahakian, Stephen Monsell, Roger A. Barker, Trevor W. Robbins
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

Executive functions are likely mediated by interconnected circuits including frontal lobe and basal ganglia structures. We assessed the executive function of task switching in patients with early-stage Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia. In two experiments, the HD patients had greater difficulty when switching than when repeating a task than matched controls, and this was true even when scaling for the overall slowing of the patients. In the first experiment, HD patients had a switching deficit even in a "pure" condition where they had to switch, predictably, and with substantial preparation time, between stimuli having only one possible response, indicating a switching deficit different from that for patients with Parkinson's disease or frontal lobe trauma, and possibly relating to inadequate activation of stimulus-response links or "response set." In the more elaborate second experiment, we could not account for the switching deficit of the patients in terms of inadequate preparation in advance of a switch, deficient suppression of task-set processing from the preswitch trial, or impaired suppression of interference due to the presence of a competing task set. Instead, we found that part of the switching deficit was due to elevated reaction time and errors on switch trials for a repeated response (same button press as on preswitch trial) relative to an alternated response (different button press from preswitch trial). We argue that this elevated "repetition effect" for the HD patients is due to excessive inhibition of the just-performed response in advance of a switch. Alterations in the "response-setting" process alone (Experiment 1) and both the response-setting and "response inhibition" process (Experiment 2) probably arise from striatal pathology in HD, thus accounting for the task-switching deficits and showing how basal ganglia implemented response processes may underpin executive function.
A smart time-frequency exciser for spread spectrum communications
Authors: M. V. Tazebay, A. N. Akansu
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

A smart adaptive time-frequency (ATF) excision algorithm is proposed to perform interference suppression in spread spectrum communications. The ATF exciser has the intelligence of deciding the domain of the excision. Additionally, adaptive subband transforms are utilized for frequency domain excision in order to track the spectral variations of the incoming signal. This adaptive transform approach brings significant performance improvements in spectral resolution. Bit error rate (EER) performance of the novel ATF exciser-based direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system receiver is compared with other existing transform domain-based DSSS receivers. Time localized or frequency-localized interferer types and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels are considered in the study. In all cases, the smart ATF exciser-based DSSS receiver drastically outperforms the existing competitors. Its robust performance against the variations of the interferers is verified.
Active Contour Model with Shape Constraints for Bone Fracture Detection
Authors: Y Jia, Y Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

This paper presents a segmentation method that outlines fractured bones in an X-ray image of a patient's arm within casting materials, and displays the alignment between the fractured bones. This segmentation task is often difficult because the casting materials cause a low contrast and high noise ratio in the X-ray images. A geodesic active contour model with global constraints is applied to this task. A prior shape is collected and used as a global constraint of our model. A maximum-likelihood function is derived to provide feedback for each evolving process. Experimental results show that the method produces the outlines of the fractured bones on the low contrast X-ray images robustly and accurately.
Jointly optimal reference frame & quality of service selection for H.261 video coding over lossy networks
Authors: G. Cheung, C. Chan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

In new video coding standards such as H.26L, predicted frame has the flexibility to select its reference frame from a number of previous frames for motion prediction. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm using dynamic programming that jointly exploits this flexibility with available network QoS for optimal streaming performance. A rounding technique is employed to scale the complexity of the algorithm down at the expense of gracefully degrading solution quality. Results show significant streaming quality improvement over an ad-hoc scheme.
Hard Real-Time Hybrid Garbage Collection with Low Memory Requirements
Authors: Yang Chang, Andy Wellings
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (2006)

Current real-time garbage collection algorithms are usually criticised for their high memory requirements. Even when consuming nearly 50% of CPU time, some garbage collectors ask for at least twice the memory as really needed. This paper explores the fundamental reason for this problem and proposes a new performance indicator for the evaluation of real-time garbage collection algorithms. Use of this performance indicator motivates an algorithm that combines both reference counting and mark-and-sweep techniques. In the presence of our collector, a garbage collected hard real-time system can achieve the correct balance of time-space tradeoff with less effort. In order to provide both temporal and spatial guarantees needed by a hard real-time application, an offline analysis is developed and integrated into the current response time analysis framework. Moreover, the use of dual priority scheduling of the garbage collection tasks allows spare capacity in the system to be reclaimed whilst guaranteeing deadlines.
Designing Commitment-Based Agent Interactions
Authors: Michael Winikoff
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

A key property of agents is that they are social, and hence the design of agent interactions is a crucial part of an agent-oriented software engineering methodology. Agent interactions are usually designed by focusing on the messages, and using interaction protocols to define permissible message sequences. This approach goes against the idea of agents being autonomous, flexible and robust by limiting agents' flexibility in interactions. In this paper we focus on the commitment machine framework of Yolum and Singh, and we provide a simple and usable process, including techniques and tips, for designing commitment-based agent interactions.
Collaborative data visualization for earth sciences with the OptIPuter
Authors: Nut Taesombut, Xinran Wu, Andrew A. Chien, Atul Nayak, Bridget Smith, Debi Kilb, Thomas Im, Dane Samilo, Graham Kent, John Orcutt
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2006)

Collaborative visualization of large-scale datasets across geographically distributed sites is becoming increasingly important for Earth Sciences. Not only does it enhance our understanding of the geological systems, but also enables near-real-time scientific data acquisition and exploration across distant locations. While such a collaborative environment is feasible with advanced optical networks and resource sharing in the form of Grid, many technical challenges remain: (1) on-demand discovery, selection and configuration of supporting end and network resources; (2) construction of applications on heterogeneous, distributed environments; and (3) use of novel exotic transport protocols to achieve high performance. To address these issues, we describe the multi-layered OptIPuter middleware technologies, including simple resource abstractions, dynamic network provisioning, and novel data transport services. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the first integrated prototype of the OptIPuter system software recently demonstrated at iGrid 2005, which successfully supports real-time collaborative visualizations of 3D multigigabyte earth science datasets.
A Heuristic Method for Extracting Enhanced Watermarks from Digital Images
Authors: Chin-Chen Chang, Yung-Chen Chang, Jau-Ji Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

The visual quality of the extracted watermark is an important criterion when judging the power of watermarking scheme to protect the ownership of an image. The extracted watermark is usually damaged by the rounding operations that come in during the transformation between spatial and frequency domains. A solution for reducing the damage is not to use the rounding operations but rather some other criteria to guide each pixel value calculation through either carrying or truncation. In this article, we propose a heuristic method to enhance the quality of the extracted watermark. The image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, and the reference coefficient data are used to modify the pixel values. Extensive experimental results show our proposed method can easily reduce the damage to the extracted watermark.
The M5 Simulator: Modeling Networked Systems
Authors: Nathan L. Binkert, Ronald G. Dreslinski, Lisa R. Hsu, Kevin T. Lim, Ali G. Saidi, Steven K. Reinhardt
Venue: IEEE Micro (2006)

Developed specifically to enable research in TCP/IP networking, the M5 simulator provides features necessary for simulating networked hosts, including full-system capability, a detailed I/O subsystem, and the ability to simulate multiple networked systems deterministically. M5's usefulness as a general-purpose architecture simulator and its liberal open-source license have led to its adoption by several academic and commercial groups.
Effects of Strategies on Mental Rotation and Hemispheric Lateralization: Neuropsychological Evidence
Authors: Barbara Tomasino, Raffaella I. Rumiati
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

We can predict how an object would look if we were to see it from different viewpoints by imagining its rotation. This essential human ability, called mental rotation (MR), guides individuals' actions by constantly updating their environmental consequences. It is, however, still under debate whether the way in which our brain accomplishes this operation is determined by the type of stimulus or rather by a mental strategy. Here we present neuropsychological evidence sustaining the view that what matters is the type of strategy adopted in MR. Thus, independently of the type of stimulus, patients with left hemisphere lesions showed a selective deficit in MR as a consequence of their manual activity, whereas patients with right hemisphere lesions were found impaired in MR by means of a visual strategy. We conclude that MR is achieved by recruiting different strategies, implicitly triggered or prompted at will, each sustained by a unilateral brain network.
PRIMED: community-of-interest-based DDoS mitigation
Authors: Patrick Verkaik, Oliver Spatscheck, Jacobus Van der Merwe, Alex C. Snoeren
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Large-scale attack defense (2006)

Most existing distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) mitigation proposals are reactive in nature, i.e., they are deployed to limit the damage caused by attacks after they are detected. In contrast, we present PRIMED, a proactive approach to DDoS mitigation that allows users to specify to their ISP a priori their (dis)interest in receiving traffic from particular network entities. Our solution employs communities of interest (COIs) to capture the collective past behavior of remote network entities and uses them to predict future behavior. Specifically, ISPs construct a network-wide bad COI that contains network entities who exhibited unwanted behavior in the past, and per-customer good COIs containing remote network entities that have previously engaged in legitimate communication with the customer. Our system uses these derived sets together with customer-specific policies to proactively mitigate DDoS attacks using existing router mechanisms. Indeed, preliminary lab testing shows that our approach is deployable on modern edge router platforms without degrading packet forwarding performance. This implies that our approach offers DDoS protection at a truly massive scale, i.e., every customer access link. Simulation results show that our approach improves protection against 91--93% of actual DDoS attacks on real customers---providing complete protection against 38--53% of such attacks---while slightly increasing vulnerability in only 5--7% of attacks.
Playshop as space for emergent learning
Authors: Yoshiro Miyata, Nobuyuki Ueda
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

We propose a framework for learning as an emergent process where everyone involved experiences mutual transformation. We have organized many playshops for emergent learning in which people can re-invent their own view of themselves, re-design their own learning environment, and discover new potentials in themselves and the environments. Based on a three-phase model of trans-cultural collaboration, we discuss and outline how such emergent learning process can be facilitated and sustained.
Social percolation in relations between activists and supporters: Research Articles
Authors: Kazuyuki Ikko Takahashi, Ryousuke Murai
Venue: Complexity (2006)

This article is a study of the relations between activists with a strong belief and their passive supporters. In order to achieve a fuller understanding of these relations the authors make use of bond percolation theory. The theories hold that when the size of a group's communication in a given society exceeds a critical threshold; that is, when the size of the cluster of supporters' bonds becomes practically infinite within the society by virtue of the work of activists, subsequently supporters and activists come to hold key positions in society. A graph is generated indicating the probability of activists' bonds with respect to the probability of supporters' bonds within a lattice, when the biggest cluster of supporters' bonds becomes infinite. Simulations have been undertaken, and when a case is found in which infinite clusters emerge, this value of the probability of both supporters' and activists' bonds is isolated. A graph can then be generated a graph on which to plot these values as points. After that, these results can be discussed at length and some conclusions are derived from them. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11: 51&ndash;56, 2006This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the &ldquo;Understanding Complex Systems&rdquo; conference held at the University of Illinois&ndash;Urbana Champaign, May 2005