ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Discovering Web Services in Search Engines
Authors: Eyhab Al-Masri, Qusay H. Mahmoud
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2008)

Web service access points are no longer a scarce resource, and the process of discovering them is no longer attached to service registries as Web search engines have become a new major source for Web services. Unfortunately, these separate but distinct approaches to service discovery make it unclear whether provisional registry specifications and search-engine technologies will eventually emerge or coexist.
Self-citation as an impact-reinforcing mechanism in the science system
Authors: Anthony F. J. van Raan
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2008)

Previous research has demonstrated that lower performance groups have a larger size-dependent cumulative advantage for receiving citations than do top-performance groups. Furthermore, regardless of performance, larger groups have less not-cited publications. Particularly for the lower performance groups, the fraction of not-cited publications decreases considerably with size. These phenomena can be explained with a model in which self-citation acts as a promotion mechanism for external citations. In this article, we show that for self-citations, similar size-dependent scaling rules apply as for citations, but generally the power law exponents are higher for self-citations as compared to citations. We also find that the fraction of self-citations is smaller for the higher performance groups, and this fraction decreases more rapidly with increasing journal impact than that for lower performance groups. An interesting novel finding is that the variance in the correlation of the number of self-citations with size is considerably less than the variance for external citations. This is a clear indication that size is a stronger determinant for self-citations than it is for external citations. Both higher and particularly lower performance groups have a size-dependent cumulative advantage for self-citations, but for the higher performance groups only in the lower impact journals and in fields with low citation density. &copy; 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nano-dot and -pit arrays with a pitch of 25nm×25nm fabricated by EB drawing, RIE and nano-imprinting for 1Tb/in2 storage
Authors: Sumio Hosaka, Zulfakri Mohamad, Masumi Shirai, Hirotaka Sano, You Yin, Akihira Miyachi, Hayato Sone
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

The possibility of forming very fine pits or dots with a pitch of less than 25nm was researched using electron beam (EB) drawing, reactive ion etching (RIE), and nano-imprinting for the future lithographic production of patterned media. We were able to fabricate ultrahighly packed dot arrays with a dot diameter of less than 15nm and a dot pitch of 25nmx25nm in negative calixarene resist using EB drawing. We also formed Si dot arrays patterns by CF"4-RIE. Furthermore, pit arrays were formed in polymer film through nano-imprinting by the photo-polymer method using a Si dot arrays pattern as the master mold. We demonstrated that the EB-drawn dot arrays resist pattern is very suitable for the fabrication of Si dot arrays and pit arrays with a pitch of 25nmx25nm in this polymer, which corresponds to a storage density of about 1Tb/in^2 in patterned media. The Si dot and pit diameters were less than 10nm.
A note on the cover degeneracy of graphs
Authors: Li Zhang, Baoyindureng Wu
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2006)

We give a 4-chromatic planar graph, which admits a vertex partition into three parts such that the union of every two of them induces a forest. This solves a problem posed by B&ouml;hme. Also, by constructing an infinite sequence of graphs, we show that the cover degeneracy can be arbitrarily less than the chromatic number. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Code Generation from AADL to a Real-Time Operating System: An Experimentation Feedback on the Use of Model Transformation
Authors: Matthias Brun, Jérôme Delatour, Yvon Trinquet
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (2008)

Several approaches, such as the UML MARTE profile or AADL start to reach maturity for the design of Real-Time Embedded System (RTES). The use of such formalisms and their associated verification tools relies on the confidence of the designer in the successful translation of these high-level descriptions into correct executable code. Part of this translation is performed by code generators. However, code generators are often black boxes or difficult to customize. This fact conflicts with the specific needs of the development of RTES where different code generation strategies could be involved. Recently, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) has offered sophisticated tools for model transformation. This paper presents an experimentation: code generation from an AADL model to C code using MDA tools. Based on this experimentation, statements on the interest of MDA tools for this purpose are given. Beyond this feedback, a set of open questions emerged about the need of flexibility of code generators and the different ways for setting this flexibility in MDA tools.
Misperceptions in stereoscopic displays: a vision science perspective
Authors: Robert T. Held, Martin S. Banks
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization (2008)

3d shape and scene layout are often misperceived when viewing stereoscopic displays. For example, viewing from the wrong distance alters an object's perceived size and shape. It is crucial to understand the causes of such misperceptions so one can determine the best approaches for minimizing them. The standard model of misperception is geometric. The retinal images are calculated by projecting from the stereo images to the viewer's eyes. Rays are back-projected from corresponding retinal-image points into space and the ray intersections are determined. The intersections yield the coordinates of the predicted percept. We develop the mathematics of this model. In many cases its predictions are close to what viewers perceive. There are three important cases, however, in which the model fails: 1) when the viewer's head is rotated about a vertical axis relative to the stereo display (yaw rotation); 2) when the head is rotated about a forward axis (roll rotation); 3) when there is a mismatch between the camera convergence and the way in which the stereo images are displayed. In these cases, most rays from corresponding retinal-image points do not intersect, so the standard model cannot provide an estimate for the 3d percept. Nonetheless, viewers in these situations have coherent 3d percepts, so the visual system must use another method to estimate 3d structure. We show that the non-intersecting rays generate vertical disparities in the retinal images that do not arise otherwise. Findings in vision science show that such disparities are crucial signals in the visual system's interpretation of stereo images. We show that a model that incorporates vertical disparities predicts the percepts associated with improper viewing of stereoscopic displays. Improving the model of misperceptions will aid the design and presentation of 3d displays.
Context-sensitive queries for image retrieval in digital libraries
Authors: G. Boccignone, A. Chianese, V. Moscato, A. Picariello
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems (2008)

In this paper we show how to achieve a more effective Query By Example processing, by using active mechanisms of biological vision, such as saccadic eye movements and fixations. In particular, we discuss the way to generate two fixation sequences from a query image I q and a test image I t of the data set, respectively, and how to compare the two sequences in order to compute a similarity measure between the two images. Meanwhile, we show how the approach can be used to discover and represent the hidden semantic associations among images, in terms of categories, which in turn drive the query process.
Electrical characterization of suspended Pt nanowires grown by EBID with water vapour assistance
Authors: G. C. Gazzadi, S. Frabboni, C. Menozzi, L. Incerti
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

Suspended nanowires (SNWs), 600nm-long, 20nm-wide and 30nm-thick, were grown by electron beam-induced deposition of metallorganic Pt, with and without water vapour assistance, and electrically characterized at room temperature. SNWs have Ohmic behaviour in the (-0.1, 0.1V) range, and show conductivity improvement and structural evolution as subsequent I-V cycles are applied; both effects being enhanced by water vapour assistance. Typical resistivities after two I-V cycles are 1-3x10^-^4@Wm and 6-8x10^-^5@Wm, for Pt and (Pt+water) depositions, respectively. Structural evolution consists of a progressive coalescence of the Pt nanocrystals into large (15-20nm) and separated grains, leaving wide regions essentially made of carbon material. I-V characteristics over an extended (-2, 2V) range show a non-linear behaviour outside the (-0.4, 0.4V) interval, with currents up to ~90@mA at 2V, corresponding to current densities of ~1x10^7A/cm^2.
Solving continuous location-districting problems with Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Antonio G. N. Novaes, J. E. Souza de Cursi, Arinei C. L. da Silva, João C. Souza
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2009)

Facility location problems are frequent in OR literature. In districting problems, on the other hand, the aim is to partition a territory into smaller units, called districts or zones, while an objective function is optimized and some constraints are satisfied, such as balance, contiguity, and compactness. Although many location and districting problems have been treated by assuming the region previously partitioned into a large number of elemental areas and further aggregating these units into districts with the aid of a mathematical programming model, continuous approximation, on the other hand, is based on the spatial density of demand, rather than on precise information on every elementary unit. Voronoi diagrams can be successfully used in association with continuous approximation models to solve location-districting problems, specially transportation and logistics applications. We discuss in the paper the context in which approximation algorithms can be used to solve this kind of problem.
Accelerated method for the reduced-parameter modeling of head-related transfer functions for customizable spatial audio
Authors: Kenneth John Faller,  II, Armando Barreto, Navarun Gupta, Naphtali Rishe
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing (2006)

Many spatial audio ("3D sound") systems are based on the use of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs). Since the measurement of these HRTFs for each prospective listener is impractical in many applications, developers frequently use "generic" HRTFs (e.g., from a mannequin), sacrificing the superior spatialization that could be provided by "individual" HRTFs. This paper presents an improved method for decomposing the impulse response of measured HRTFs, known as Head-Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs), into multiple delayed and scaled damped sinusoids, as a means to obtain the parameters that will instantiate a general model in order to produce the same impulse response as the original HRTF. This is the first step in developing alternative functional models of HRTFs that would contain only a few parameters related to anatomical features of the intended listener, which could be estimated for each user, i.e., "customizable" HRTF models. The new decomposition algorithm is based on the use of higher-order (higher than second order) Steiglitz-McBride functional approximations supplemented by frequency-domain selection of the most appropriate damped sinusoid to represent each of the components of the original, measured HRIR under analysis.
peerTalk: A Peer-to-Peer Multiparty Voice-over-IP System
Authors: Xiaohui Gu, Zhen Wen, Philip S. Yu, Zon-Yin Shae
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2008)

Multi-party voice-over-IP (MVoIP) services allow a group of people to freely communicate with each other via Internet, which have many important applications such as on-line gaming and tele-conferencing. In this paper, we present a peer-to-peer MVoIP system called peerTalk. Compared to traditional approaches such as server-based mixing, peerTalk achieves better scalability and failure resilience by dynamically distributing stream processing workload among different peers. Particularly, peerTalk decouples the MVoIP service delivery into two phases: mixing phase and distribution phase. The decoupled model allows us to explore the asymmetric property of MVoIP services (e.g., distinct speaking/listening activities, unequal in-bound/out-bound bandwidths) so that the system can better adapt to distinct stream mixing and distribution requirements. To overcome arbitrary peer departures/failures, peerTalk provides light-weight backup schemes to achieve fast failure recovery. We have implemented a prototype of the peerTalk system and evaluated its performance using both large-scale simulation testbed and real Internet environment. Our initial implementation demonstrates the feasibility of our approach and shows promising results: peerTalk can outperform existing approaches such as P2P overlay multicast and coupled distributed processing for providing MVoIP services.
Working for Barrier Removal in the ICT Area: Creating a More Accessible and Inclusive Canada
Authors: April D'Aubin
Venue: The Information Society (2007)

This article describes the rights-based approach to access to information and communications technologies (ICT) used by the Council of Canadians with Disabilities (CCD). This approach challenges the thinking of policymakers, those in industry, and others who argue that access to ICT can be achieved through a variety of economic, business, or market-based perspectives. It argues that these approaches have failed to deliver accessible ICT to people with disabilities, and that improved legislation, regulation, policy, and programs are required to remove the barriers to ICT experienced by people with disabilities in Canada.
Spam filtering using Kolmogorov complexity analysis
Authors: G. Richard, A. Doncescu
Venue: International Journal of Web and Grid Services (2008)

One of the most irrelevant side effects of e-commerce technology is the development of spamming as an e-marketing technique. Spam e-mails (or unsolicited commercial e-mails) induce a burden for everybody having an electronic mailbox: detecting and filtering spam is then a challenging task and a lot of approaches have been developed to identify spam before it is posted in the end user's mailbox. In this paper, we focus on a relatively new approach whose foundations rely on the works of A. Kolmogorov. The main idea is to give a formal meaning to the notion of 'information content' and to provide a measure of this content. Using such a quantitative approach, it becomes possible to define a distance, which is a major tool for classification purposes. To validate our approach, we proceed in two steps: first, we use the classical compression distance over a mix of spam and legitimate e-mails to check out if they can be properly clustered without any supervision. It has been the case to highlight a kind of underlying structure for spam e-mails. In the second step, we have implemented a k-nearest neighbours algorithm providing 85% as accuracy rate. Coupled with other anti-spam techniques, compression-based methods could bring a great help in the spam filtering challenge.
Experimental Performance Comparisons between SAODV & AODV
Authors: Mohaned Juwad, H. S. Al-Raweshidy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) (2008)

There are many routing protocols proposed for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) [1]. However most of these protocols are analysed by two standard techniques: simulation and security analysis. There has been a lack of work on the analysis and performance of secure routing protocols in real network test-bed. In this paper, a quantitative set of results for the performance comparison between Adaptive On-demand Distance Vector (AODV)[2] and Secure-AODV (SAODV) [3] routing protocols is presented by implementing a small-scale experimental test bed, which consists of 6 laptops within a 17m by 7m office environment. A further comparison is made with results obtained via simulation techniques using OPNET simulation tool [4]. The workload included TCP traffic. Results show that SAODV performance is effective in preventing routing messages tampering and data dropping attacks.
Permuting
Authors: F. E. Fich
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1990)

The fundamental problem of permuting the elements of an array according to some given permutation is addressed. The goal is to perform the permutation quickly using only a polylogarithmic number of bits of extra storage. The main result is an O(n log n)-time, O(log/sup 2/n)-space worst case method. A simpler method is presented for the case in which both the permutation and its inverse can be computed at (amortized) unit cost. This algorithm requires O(n log n) time and O(log n) bits in the worst case. These results are extended to the situation in which a power of the permutation is to be applied. A linear time, O(log n)-bit method is presented for the special case in which the data values are all distinct and are either initially in sorted order or will be when permuted.
An Imitation-Based Approach to Modeling Homogenous Agents Societies
Authors: Goran Trajkovski
Venue:  (2007)

As interest in computer, cognitive, and social sciences grow, the need for alternative approaches to models in related disciplines thrives. An Imitation-Based Approach to Modeling Homogenous Agents Societies offers a framework for modeling societies of autonomous agents that is heavily based on fuzzy algebraic tools. This publication overviews platforms developed with the purpose of simulating hypotheses or harvesting data from human subjects in efforts for calibration of the model of early learning in humans. An Imitation-Based Approach to Modeling Homogenous Agents Societies reaches out to the cognitive sciences, psychology, and anthropology, providing a different perspective on a few classical problems within these fields.
Distributed Localization Using a Moving Beacon in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bin Xiao, Hekang Chen, Shuigeng Zhou
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2008)

The localization of sensor nodes is a fundamental problem in sensor networks and can be implemented using powerful and expensive beacons. Beacons, the fewer the better, can acquire their position knowledge either from GPS devices or by virtue of being manually placed. In this paper, we propose a distributed method to localization of sensor nodes using a single moving beacon where sensor nodes compute their position estimate based on the range-free technique. Critical to the location accuracy of sensor nodes are two parameters, the radio transmission range of the beacon, and how often the beacon broadcasts its position. Theoretical analysis shows that these two parameters determine the upper bound of the estimation error when the traverse route of the beacon is a straight line. We extend the position estimate when the traverse route of the beacon is randomly chosen in the real-world situation. To minimize estimation errors, sensor nodes can carry out a variety of algorithms in accordance with the movement of the beacon. Simulation results compare variants of the distributed method in a variety of testing environments. Real experiments show that the proposed method is feasible and can estimate the location of sensor nodes accurately given a single moving beacon.
Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Software Development Framework
Authors: Basem Suleiman
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (2008)

Budget and schedule savings are the driving factors for the adoption of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software components by software development organizations. The reliance on COTS components has led to Component-Based Development (CBD) software systems and introduced changes to the software development process andhence software project management responsibilities and roles. This paper introduces a general framework discussion of essential managementaspects for CBD, focusing on COTS. Particularly, stakeholders, requirements, component selection and architecture management issues are discussed from different angles. Some CBD management guidelines and best practices for these aspects are outlined in the conclusion. In addition, CBD managementchallenges are drawn along with some suggestions inthe conclusion section.
Numerical analysis of cracked beams using nonlinear output frequency response functions
Authors: Z. K. Peng, Z. Q. Lang, F. L. Chu
Venue: Computers and Structures (2008)

Nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs) are a new concept recently developed for the analysis of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain. Based on this concept, the output frequency behaviors of nonlinear systems can be expressed using a number of one-dimensional functions similar to the approach used in the traditional frequency response analysis of linear systems. In this paper, the NOFRFs are first employed to analyze a typical representation for cracked structures, a single degree of freedom system (SDOF) bilinear model, to explain the occurrence of the nonlinear phenomena when a cracked structure is subjected to sinusoidal excitations, including the generation of super-harmonic components and sub-resonances. Then the NOFRF concept is used to analyze the crack induced nonlinear response of a beam represented by a finite model. The results show that higher order NOFRFs are extremely sensitive to the appearance of cracks in the beam, and can therefore be used as crack damage indicators to indicate the existences and the sizes of cracks. This research study establishes an important basis for the application of the NOFRF concept in fault diagnosis of mechanical structures.