ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The status and future of APL (Panel Discussion)
Authors: Roberson Higgins
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on APL (1969)

We at Binghamton intend, at least for ourselves (and I believe Alberta at least expressed this interest) to abstract whatever we have that we feel we would be proud enough to make available to other people in printed form. We would hope by somewhere in early September, at the latest, that we would have available such printed documentation that we would mail to other users. I hope other people would do the same, because I, for one, see some practical problems in terms of accessing other people's facilities. Then at the SHARE Conference we hope to come up with a more formal mechanism. Somebody objected to a committee analyzing this, and I think we decided to call it a forum. We will see how that works out. These are my closing remarks. I again want to welcome everybody here, and I hope you have enjoyed this conference, and now we can get on to our last discussion.
A probabilistic evaluation of fallout effects associated with nuclear air bursts
Authors: Robert V. Fultyn
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

Over the past quarter of a century a great deal of theoretical and empirical knowledge concerning atmospheric processes has been developed. Many models attempting to predict atmospheric dispersion effects have been devised, but few have endured, and thus far none has achieved universal applicability, although some have enjoyed widespread popularity. Perhaps among the reasons why most models were or are of limited operational utility is that they failed to adequately incorporate the fact that meteorological and geophysical phenomena are inherently stochastic in nature, and the behavior of such phenomena can be predicted only in statistical terms. Until recently, atmospheric transport models have tended to be deterministic in nature, using estimates of &ldquo;average&rdquo; or &ldquo;worst case&rdquo; values for computational elements, and have provided for little measure of the probability of occurrence of the predictions. The approach summarized in this paper describes an attempt to remedy that shortcoming, in that it explicitly recognizes the inherent variability of these natural phenomena and attempts to incorporate that variability into a scheme which explicitly quantitates the uncertainty of prediction. It attempts to go a bit further than other approaches to evaluating environmental effects, in that it not only predicts effects but also allows evaluation of the likelihood of occurrence of the predictions.
The use of a database machine for supporting relational databases
Authors: Jayanta Banerjee, David K. Hsiao
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (1978)

One of the goals in the design of database machines of the future is their generality. In addition to being capable of carrying out the common database management functions with high reliability and performance, some of these machines are intended to support more than one data model. A specific database machine, known as the DBC, is intended to support several existing data models. Although the DBC supports many data models, we single out the relational data model for this discussion. In particular, we have tried to concentrate mainly on the subject of database representation and query translation of System R-like database management systems. Some estimates of the storage requirements and performance gains are given in this paper. However, due to limited space, the detailed analysis is shown elsewhere in [22].
A planning and design technique
Authors: J. Siller
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth international conference on APL (1976)

The task of developing hierarchical (series-parallel) networks can become formidable even with only a few dozen elements. This article describes a computer aided, interactive technique to structure such networks. The concept is based in part on graph theoretic methods. The development of the user input is described and the results provided by the use of the technique are exemplified. The applicability of the technique to the design, planning and implementation of complex projects is described. The technique has been implemented in APL, but all the prompting is expressed in plain English. Hence, the user need not know APL to use the set of functions.
APL tools and techniques and their effect on good programming style
Authors: Thomas W. Cook
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

What is style? We know that it certianly is not confined to any specific field. Instead, it applies to all creative endeavors, programming being one of those endeavors. However, before I describe style relative to writing programs, I want to discuss something with which we are all more familiar - Style as it relates to writing prose since almost all of us have, at one time or another, studied literature and writing styles. What makes one author's works great and another's mediocre or poor? Some may say good advertising or public whims - and sometimes this may seem true; however, good writing style is the real reason. And, you may ask, 'What factors make up writing style?'
A tutorial view of simulation model development
Authors: Richard E. Nance
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1983)

Working from the background of simulation language developments, we develop an understanding of the current status of simulation model development. Factors characterizing the current status include a shift in emphasis from program to model, more commitment to modeling tools, and the lingering impedance of simulation language isolation. Current and future needs are identified. Specific approaches to meeting these needs are cited in an extensive description of current research, and in summary we conclude that the technology of simulation model development is in a transitional period that portends more rapid changes for the future.
The design of a flexible real time simulation of terminal area air traffic
Authors: Christina Davis
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

A constantly evolving real time computer simulation of air traffic in a terminal area has been developed at the Research Triangle Institute. The model is a flexible simulation of airborne, navaide, ground control, and communications aspects of the terminal area environment which is, with input data changes, adaptable to existing terminal areas and which can be and is being expanded to incorporate advanced concepts of instrumentation and control techniques. This talk describes the basic computer program and input data organization of the model and deals with programming techniques, such as program overlaying, data packing and threaded lists, used to resolve problems created by its requirements of versatility and flexibility, by constraints and advantages of a real time simulation, and by limitations on available core storage. The basic philosophy behind its design was to isolate the various functions performed within the terminal environment such that these functions could be called into use as needed by a particular data set and expansion of the capabilities of the model could be accomplished through unit additions to the program.
Register-transfer level digital design automation: The allocation process
Authors: Louis J. Hafer, Alice C. Parker
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

This paper presents a portion of the register-transfer level computer aided design (RT-CAD) research at Carnegie-Mellon University. This part of the research involves the design and construction of an allocator, consisting of a set of algorithms and data structures which synthesize hardware at the logical level from a behavioral description. Preliminary results indicate the allocators performance compares favorably with a human designer.
Training socialist managers by enterprise simulation
Authors: Robert W. Blanning, Andrzej W. Kisiel, Myron Uretsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

Management games based on enterprise simulation models have been widely used to train capitalist industrial managers. The authors have recently modified such a model (the model of a manufacturing corporation used in the New York University Management Game) to establish a training program for industrial enterprises in Poland. In this session we will discuss the problems associated with a transfer of management technology from a capitalist to a socialist economic system.
System design of a grammar-programmable high-level language machine
Authors: Serge Fournier, Ming T. Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual symposium on Computer architecture (1976)

An architectural concept called Grammar-Programming is introduced which allows computers to be constructed that can directly execute a variety of high-level languages. Representing an intermediate level between the basic hardware/firmware functions of ordinary computers and the software operations of language translators, it is shown how grammar-programs can be constructed which specify the syntax and semantics of various programming languages. The Grammar-Programmable Machine (GPM) then uses these specifications to process directly the users' high-level language programs. In the Ph.D. dissertation* upon which this abstract is based, a model is first developed for representing the syntactic and semantic characteristics of context-free language generators, and an automaton called a Syntax Network (SN) is constructed. Next a simple, statement-directed language is introduced to express the states of the syntax network and to define the actual grammar-programming language. A simulator is then implemented which is used to test the grammar-programs written for ALGOL and SNOBOL. Finally, the architectural organization for the Grammar-Programmable Machine is described at the register-transfer level. By taking advantage of its intermediate position between software compilation and hardware interpretation of high-level languages, the Grammar-Programmable Machine is able to emphasize the best features of both techniques and to achieve a potential that neither can reach individually.
A training program for the computer integrated factory
Authors: Dean J. Saluti
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 12th annual computer science conference on SIGCSE symposium (1984)

This paper describes a training program to prepare individuals for careers in the management of computer integrated factories. Training is fourteen (14) months in length and has been funded through grants from the Cambridge Private Industry Council. The Digital Equipment Corporation donated a PDP 11/34 mini-computer and RSTS instructors for an interactive workshop. The Boston chapter of the American Production and Inventory Control Society provided curriculum quality control and instructors. Courses were taught by professors of MIS/Management Sciences from Boston area universities.
Applications of corporate financial models
Authors: E. Leonard Arnoff
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1978)

Executives are searching for more effective ways to simultaneously face both inflation and recession&mdash;and to better cope with mounting financial problems. There are many sweeping changes that affect business and industry today. Executives are now able to effectively anticipate those changes&mdash;or, at least, are able to react to those changes in a timely and effective manner. The &ldquo;key&rdquo; to doing so lies in greater, and better, use of corporate financial models. This paper defines a &ldquo;corporate financial model&rdquo;: states how corporate financial models are used; describes the major features and benefits of such models; and lists a wide variety of areas in which corporate financial models have been applied with substantial success.
A building block approach to color graphics
Authors: J. Robert Flexer, Gio Wiederhold
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1979)

Graphics and imaging are important in scientific, academic and industrial environments. In the past graphics systems have been used with large computers and were only available to a minority of users. The relatively small and specialized use of graphics has inhibited sharing of software and prevented standardization necessary for widespread use. Dense semiconductor memory has recently become easily available in large quantities and makes high resolution graphics and imaging systems feasible. The concepts leading to the design of the present system come from the need to provide a large number of graphic and imaging functions, in a compact form, to a commonly used microprocessor bus. Three fundamental functions are implemented: a video frame digitizer, an image memory, and an output video generator. Video images can be digitized in one frame time with a precision of 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel. The video generator can display the images in gray levels or in color. The software selectable system parameters include a variety of image formats, video output controls, digitization commands, addressing modes, vertical image offset, and lightpen controls. A novel contouring digitization mode is useful to reduce images obtained in gray scale to outline form. Such real-time preprocessing reduces memory and bandwidth requirements. Photographic illustrations demonstrate various operating modes.
Software and system design: VHSIC Hardware Description Language overview
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on The fifth generation challenge (1984)

The VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits) program has been initiated by the Department of Defense (DoD) to advance the hardware technology in the area of integrated circuits. Chips with a 1.25-micron feature size have been developed as a part of this program, and chips with a 0.5-micron feature will be developed in the next stage. VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is being developed to reduce the time and cost of utilizing VHSIC technology in military systems. VHDL will provide a standard medium for communicating digital design data among defense contractors, and between contractors and the DoD. The VHDL requirements are based on a workshop organized by the Institute for Defense Analysis in the summer of 1981. Representatives of the government, industry, and the academic community attended this workshop. As a result of a subsequent competitive government procurement, the team of Intermetrics, Texas Instruments, and IBM was awarded a contract to design and implement VHDL and its support environment. The language presented in this session is the result of this team effort which started on July 31, 1983, and will result in the delivery in December of 1985 of the language, as well as a hardware design support environment.
A display console for an experimental computer-based augmented library catalog
Authors: Donald R Haring
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

Project Intrex (information transfer experiments) is a program of research and experimentation directed toward the functional design of new library services that might become operational at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and elsewhere in the decade beginning in 1970.1,2 At M.I.T., as with many other institutions having extensive library services and a large research community, it has become increasingly evident that such new library services will be based on technological advances in data processing, textual storage, and reproduction, and on the concept of remote-access, on-line, interactive computer systems. It is not necessary to motivate the reasoning behind the computer-based library system, since much has been written and said about the subject. However, to place the subject of this paper in the proper perspective, it is necessary to delimit what is meant here by an &ldquo;augmented library catalog.&rdquo; For a number of reasons, computer-based libraries that service a wide spectrum of users, such as is found in a university, will be faced with operating on two basically different types of data&mdash;that which is digitally stored and that which is photographically stored in some microfilm form. The latter will be images of the original full text of the documents contained in the library whereas the digital data will constitute the augmented catalog of the library from which the library user gleans information about the library data and documents by conducting on-line computer searches.
An hierarchical language for the structural description of digital systems
Authors: W. M. vanCleemput
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Design Automation Conference (1977)

In this report a language (SDL) for describing structural properties of digital systems will be presented. SDL can be used at all levels of the design process i. e. from the system level down to the circuit level. The language is intended as a complement to existing computer hardware description languages, which emphasize behavioural description.The language was motivated partly by the nature of the design process.
An interactive test data system for LSI production testing
Authors: H. D. Schnurmann, R. M. Peters
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

This paper describes a software system, ITDS, which supplies a chip or module tester with test data. There are two major components to the system: an interactive data entry system, ITLG; and a generator of environmental test data, SPEC/GEN. By &ldquo;conversing&rdquo; with its user, ITLG creates a technology library from a document of circuit specifications. The user does not need to be familiar with the tester. ITLG will guide the user by showing him how to enter the necessary data, by auditing his response and by informing him of the accuracy of his response. The SPEC/GEN system uses the technology library from ITLG to create a data set of final test values. These values are the result of calculations that consider the technology, tester, and the I/O electrical characteristics of the part number to be tested. This paper also shows how data set for final test is automatically created.
Further developments toward using formal grammar as a design tool
Authors: Phyllis Reisner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

First, we will describe how some kinds of &ldquo;cognitive&rdquo; information can be incorporated into a formal grammar. This information will permit us to describe a system, formally, for different classes of users. Most current models are limited to specific classes of users. They do not, for example, permit us to describe a system differently for naive and for expert users. Next, we will describe, explicitly, the prediction process. The last point to be discussed is our general approach to testing the use of formal grammar as a design tool. This idea is being developed and tested using an IBM editor as an example.
Fast probabilistic algorithms for hamiltonian circuits and matchings
Authors: Dana Angluin, Leslie G. Valiant
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1977)

The main purpose of this paper is to give techniques for analysing the probabilistic performance of certain kinds of algorithms, and hence to suggest some fast algorithms with provably desirable probabilistic behaviour. The particular problems we consider are: finding Hamiltonian circuits in directed graphs (DHC), finding Hamiltonian circuits in undirected graphs (UHC), and finding perfect matchings in undirected graphs (PM). We show that for each problem there is an algorithm that is extremely fast (0(n(log n)2) for DHC and UHC, and 0(nlog n) for PM), and which with probability tending to one finds a solution in randomly chosen graphs of sufficient density. These results contrast with the known NP-completeness of the first two problems [2,12] and the best worst-case upper bound known of 0(n2.5) for the last [9].
The B-ternary logic and its applications to the detection of hazards in combinational switching circuits
Authors: Masao Mukaidono
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on Multiple-valued logic (1978)

Both the steady states and some transient states of switching circuits can be described by B-ternary logic in which the truth values 0, 1 and 1/2 are used respectively to represent false, true and uncertainty. This paper showed the methods of detecting and identifying various kinds of static hazards contained in combinational switching circuits by means of the canonical forms of the B-ternary logic functions realized by the circuits. Particularly, a method was derived which could algebraically detect all logic hazards contained in the circuits. It was also pointed out that there were some dynamic hazards which were detectable by B-ternary logic.
Algorithms for multiple-criterion design of microprogrammed control hardware
Authors: Andrew W. Nagle, Alice C. Parker
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

This paper describes two algorithms designed to optimize memory size and controller performance for a microprogrammed controller. The algorithms accept two inputs: a set of interconnected registers and logical operators called the data paths, and a control flow graph which describes how these data paths are to be exercised. The Autonomy algorithm identifies data path elements which should be controlled directly from the microword without encoding. This algorithm aids the effectiveness of the subsequent encoding algorithm by eliminating some signals from consideration. A second algorithm, the Attraction algorithm, determines which microoperations will execute in parallel and which will be encoded into separate microinstruction formats. This algorithm accepts a microword width constraint and implements parallel operations in the microcode and the corresponding encoding. Both the parallelism and the encoding are determined by the algorithm. Application of these algorithms to an example, the PDP**-11/40, has produced a control store design 14 percent wider and equal in parallelism to an equivalent portion of the human design.
SIMDABS: A database system tailored for use in simulation studies
Authors: Charles R. Standridge, A. Alan B. Pritsker
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1978)

The SIMulation DAtabase System (SIMDABS) is a FORTRAN based data management system designed for use in simulation studies. While SIMDABS provides several commands for general data processing, most commands are tailored for the data manipulation needs of simulation. Commands may be accessed from any computer program which is able to call FORTRAN subprograms or through the use of the SIMDABS Operation Invocation Language (OIL). SIMDABS not only provides data handling commands, but also provides a data model, or framework, which guides the user in the organization of his data.
An input system designed to aid users of interactive graphics
Authors: Bernard C. Levrat, Jurgen Harms, Christian Pellegrini, Maurice Wenger, Robert M. Aiken
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

This paper describes research that has been conducted at the Centre Universitaire d'Informatique at the Universit&eacute; de Gen&egrave;ve in the area of human-machine communication. In particular, a plasma panel with a finger input device has been constructed which provides the user with a flexible easy-to-use graphics input device. A description of this device is provided along with a summary of several different types of applications which have benefited from its existence.