ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A unified framework for alignment and correspondence
Authors: Bin Luo, E. R. Hancock
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2003)

This paper casts the problem of 2D point-set alignment and correspondence matching into a unified framework. Our aim in providing this unification is to constrain the recovery of pose parameters using relational constraints provided by the structural arrangement of the points. This structural information is provided by a neighbourhood graph for the points. We characterise the problem using distinct probability distributions for alignment errors and correspondence errors. The utility measure underpinning the work is the cross-entropy between probability distributions for alignment and assignment errors. This statistical framework interleaves the processes of finding point correspondences and estimating the alignment parameters. In the case of correspondence matching, the probability distribution models departures from edge consistency in the matching of the neighbourhood graphs. We investigate two different models for the alignment error process. In the first of these, we study Procrustes alignment. Here we show how the parameters of the similarity transform and the correspondence matches can be located using dual singular value decompositions. The second alignment process uses a point-distribution model. We show how this augmented point-distribution model can be matched to unlabelled point-sets which are subject to both additional clutter and point drop-out. Experimental results using both synthetic and real images are given.
On the fuzzy Bayesian inference of population annoyance level caused by noise exposure
Authors: Juan-Miguel León-Rojas, Valentín Masero, Montaña Morales
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

Too many people suffer from noise levels that scientists and health experts consider to be unacceptable, where most people become annoyed, where sleep is disturbed and where adverse health effects are to be feared. The present paper centers on inferring individuals annoyance level caused by noise exposure. The starting point of our thoughts is the impossibility of assigning an exact number to observed values. Observed sound level values are imprecise. Although sound level meters are more and more accurate, they cannot assign yet an exact number to an observed value. Really, we assume that actually, no exact number can be assigned to a sound level observed value. If our interest lies in maximum effects of the propagation of this imprecision, an interval-based approach seems to be adequate. Anyway, although in a nearly future we could fill these gaps, it seems better to think about a time interval and its associated data-interval corresponding to the observed sound level range. Although we revised a maximum likelihood solution, the aim of this paper is to discuss how imprecision of observation values is propagated when fuzzy Bayesian inference for these non-precise observations is carried out.
A holistic methodology for network processor design
Authors: Olaf Bonorden, Nikolaus Brüls, Uwe Kastens, Dinh Khoi Le, Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide, Jörg-Christian Niemann, Mario Porrmann, Ulrich Rückert, Adrian Slowik, Michael Thies
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (2003)

The GigaNetIC project aims to develop high-speed componentsfor networking applications based on massivelyparallel architectures. A central part of this project is thedesign, evaluation, and realization of a parameterizablenetwork processing unit. In this paper we present a designmethodology for network processors which encompassesthe research areas from the application software down tothe gate level of the chip. Key components of this holisticapproach have been successfully applied to characteristicexamples of architecture refinements.
Recognition and Participation in a Virtual Community
Authors: Calvin M. L. Chan, Mamata Bhandar, Lih-Bin Oh, Hock-Chuan Chan
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 7 - Volume 7 (2004)

Although recognition counts among the numerous factors that contribute towards the success of virtual communities, it has received little attention in both academic and practitioner studies. Adopting the Theory of Information Sharing as the conceptual foundation, this interpretive case study examines the effect of recognition on participation in a virtual community for Academic Dress. Results indicate that there exist three different forms of perceived recognition in a virtual community, namely identity, expertise and tangible recognition. The study also highlights that a link exists across these forms of recognition, their effects, and participation. Implications for community organizers and researchers are discussed.
Predicting User Trust in Information Systems: A Comparison of Competing Trust Models
Authors: Xin Li, Joe S. Valacich, Traci J. Hess
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 8 - Volume 8 (2004)

The concept of trust has recently emerged in the MIS field, with a focus on interpersonal or inter-organizational trust in the contexts of e-commerce and virtual teams. The inclusion of the trust concept within IS acceptance models provides further evidence that MIS researchers recognize the relevance of IS trust. While simple trust constructs have been incorporated into existing IS models, and trust models have been developed to address e-commerce issues, a comprehensive model of trust formation for a new information system has not been published.The goal of this research is to advance IS trust research by investigating the trust formation process with new IS. In this study, two initial trust formation models, applicable to information systems, are reviewed and compared at both the conceptual and empirical levels.The first model was proposed by McKnight, Choudhury and Kacmar in an e-commerce context in 2002. The second model is based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and was developed to predict people's trust in national identification (NID) systems. Based upon the conceptual comparison, the TRA/TPB-based trust model appears to be more powerful at predicting user trust in IS. An experimental study has been designed to compare these two models in the same context, predicting people's trust in NID systems. This empirical comparison will provide more insights for understanding user trust towards IS.
Probabilistic Noise Identification and Data Cleaning
Authors: Jeremy Kubica, Andrew Moore
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

Real world data is never as perfect as we would like itto be and can often suffer from corruptions that may impactinterpretations of the data, models created from thedata, and decisions made based on the data.One approachto this problem is to identify and remove records that containcorruptions.Unfortunately, if only certain fields in arecord have been corrupted then usable, uncorrupted datawill be lost.In this paper we present LENS, an approach foridentifying corrupted fields and using the remaining non-corruptedfields for subsequent modeling and analysis.Ourapproach uses the data to learn a probabilistic model containingthree components: a generative model of the cleanrecords, a generative model of the noise values, and a probabilisticmodel of the corruption process.We provide an algorithmfor the unsupervised discovery of such models andempirically evaluate both its performance at detecting corruptedfields and, as one example application, the resultingimprovement this gives to a classifier.
Designing interaction experiences for multi-platform service provision with essential use cases
Authors: Lia Patrício, João Falcão e Cunha, Raymond P. Fisk, Nuno J. Nunes
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of interaction design for service provision to customers in a multi-platform environment. It is based on a qualitative and quantitative study of a Portuguese multi-channel retail bank, and shows that, as most of the financial operations are functionally available across the different service platforms, experience requirements become increasingly influential in customers' usage of the different channels. Different financial services generate different interaction needs, and the fit between experience requirements and channel performance in satisfying those needs has a strong impact on customer channel choices. Based on these findings, essential use cases are applied and extended to capture experience requirements for the different financial operations in a technology independent way. With this approach, interaction designers can identify which platforms are best suited to provide the different services available, improving the multi-channel service as a whole. On the other hand, it also enables the identification of areas of interaction experience that need improvement in each platform, if services offered are likely to be effectively used.
Cognitive and social aspects of software engineering: a course framework
Authors: Orit Hazzan
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2003)

This article focuses on teaching and learning human aspects of Software Engineering (SE). Based on several classes that the author taught on the subject, the article describes a framework for a course that deals with cognitive and social aspects of SE. In these classes students worked in teams, and the lessons consisted of lectures, activities, class discussions, and student presentations. The activities which students worked on aimed to address two of the human aspects of SE: the cognitive aspect and the social aspect. Each of these aspects was discussed on the individual level and on the team level. The paper describes selected activities taken from these classes.
Selective perception policies for guiding sensing and computation in multimodal systems: a comparative analysis
Authors: Nuria Oliver, Eric Horvitz
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2003)

Intensive computations required for sensing and processing perceptual information can impose significant burdens on personal computer systems. We explore several policies for selective perception in SEER, a multimodal system for recognizing office activity that relies on a layered Hidden Markov Model representation. We review our efforts to employ expected-value-of-information (EVI) computations to limit sensing and analysis in a context-sensitive manner. We discuss an implementation of a one-step myopic EVI analysis and compare the results of using the myopic EVI with a heuristic sensing policy that makes observations at different frequencies. Both policies are then compared to a random perception policy, where sensors are selected at random. Finally, we discuss the sensitivity of ideal perceptual actions to preferences encoded in utility models about information value and the cost of sensing.
Supporting creativity in software development: an application in IT education
Authors: Aybüke Aurum, Meliha Handzic, Adrian Gardiner
Venue: Current issues in IT education (2003)

This chapter examines the potential of the application of an individual creativity-enhancing technique (called SoloBrainstorming, or SBS) to improve the level of creativity of Information Technology (IT) students in performing information system (IS) requirements determination. Requirements determination, in the context of software development, involves gaining an understanding of the underlying issues related to a business problem, and also considering potential solutions. The chapter begins with a definition of creativity, followed by an overview of strategies suggested to enhance creativity. The SBS technique is then introduced, followed by a report of empirical results from its application. Finally, we offer advice for IT education in terms of incorporating creativity-enhancing techniques into the IT course curriculum.
Java-based cyber technique for on-line engineering labs
Authors: Ahmed O. Abdul Salam, Tarik Ozkul
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java (2003)

This paper is intended for the illustration and implementation of an engineering lab experiment using Java techniques and the Internet. An example of remotely operated white Gaussian noise generator will be adopted for performance evaluation and verification. The involvement of Java techniques and methods are basically to develop and construct suitable Applets to process commands and results between the client, which is a student in this case, and the application server. Featuring LabVIEW interfacing environment besides Java codes will result in more flexibility and practicability to our design and hence results showed that our approach could be successfully extended for further systems and applications.
Resolution lower bounds for the weak pigeonhole principle
Authors: Ran Raz
Venue: Journal of the ACM (JACM) (2004)

We prove that any Resolution proof for the weak pigeonhole principle, with n holes and any number of pigeons, is of length &Omega;(2n&epsi;), (for some global constant &epsi; > 0). One corollary is that a certain propositional formulation of the statement NP &nsub; P/poly does not have short Resolution proofs.
Bifurcation phenomena arising in the cell cycle networks
Authors: Edwin Tecarro, Mandri Obeyesekere
Venue: Neural, Parallel Scientific Computations (2003)

Time-dependent regulation by the network of intracellular proteins that leads a cell to its duplication through cell-division can be modeled by nonlinear autonomous coupled ordinary differential equations. Two such models restricted to different phases of the cell cycle are presented. Numerical simulations of these models that represent biological events are addressed. Results of bifurcation analysis performed on these models that leads to two special phenomena, hysteresis and period doubling, are included and the biological significance is discussed.
A Comparison of Team Developmental Stages, Trust and Performance for Virtual versus Face-to-Face Teams
Authors: Gail Corbitt, Lorraine R. Gardiner, Lauren K. Wright
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 1 - Volume 1 (2004)

This study is an empirical analysis that compares virtual with face-to-face teams on team trust,performance issues and team developmental stages. The study uses data collected both before teams were formed and after teams completed their project deliverable. Pre-task measures include individual disposition to trust and initial team trust. Upon completion of their deliverable, team members responded to post-task measures on motivation, team trust and teamwork dynamics. In addition to these attitudinal comparisons, we investigate how teamsspent their time during the completion of their team task. We examine potential differences in the percentage of time spent in each of the classic team formation stages (forming, storming, norming and performing). Team members also reported the total time spent completing the deliverable as well as time spent using various communication tools. In addition, we evaluate and compare team performance in terms of the deliverable quality. Our results indicate thatboth virtual and face-to-face teams bring relatively high initial trust to the team experience. More enduring trust, however, must be maintained by positive, task-oriented team dynamics. Team mates need to meet work expectations in order to maintain the trusting environment. We confirm that trust is important to team performance for both virtual and face-to-face teams. Higher trust teams do tend to perform better. We also found that both virtual and face-to-face teams spend similar proportions of time in each team formation stage. Finally, there is no significant difference in results produced by face-to-face and virtual teams, though in this study the direction of effectiveness leans towards the virtual teams. This is potentially good news since many believe that face-to-face groups produce better results than their virtual counterparts.
Prevention of deadlocks and livelocks in lossless backpressured packet networks
Authors: Mark Karol, S. Jamaloddin Golestani, David Lee
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2003)

No packets will be dropped inside a packet network, even when congestion builds up, if congested nodes send backpressure feedback to neighboring nodes, informing them of unavailability of buffering capacity-stopping them from forwarding more packets until enough buffer becomes available. While there are potential advantages in backpressured networks that do not allow packet dropping, such networks are susceptible to a condition known as deadlock in which throughput of the network or part of the network goes to zero (i.e., no packets are transmitted). In this paper, we describe a simple, lossless method of preventing deadlocks and livelocks in backpressured packet networks. In contrast with prior approaches, our proposed technique does not introduce any packet losses, does not corrupt packet sequence, and does not require any changes to packet headers. It represents a new networking paradigm in which internal network losses are avoided (thereby simplifying the design of other network protocols) and internal network delays are bounded.
Challenges in adopting speech recognition
Authors: Li Deng, Xuedong Huang
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2004)

Although progress has been impressive, there are still several hurdles that speech recognition technology must clear before ubiquitous adoption can be realized. R&D in spontaneous and free-flowing speech style is critical to its success.
Nickel-based contact metallization for SiGe MOSFETs: progress and challenges
Authors: S.-L. Zhang
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

The Ni-based self-aligned silicide process has attracted a rapidly growing interest for contact metallization in Si technology, as the device dimensions are scaled down into the sub-100 nm regime. Incorporation of Ge in the electrodes of a MOSFET, i.e. gate and source/drain, in order to further enhance device performance, has made the study of Ni-Si1-xGex interactions a scientifically and technologically important issue. Among the different germanosilicides of Ni, NiSi1-uGeu (i.e. mono-germanosilicide, with u possibly different from x in the Si1-xGex) is the most desirable phase due to its low specific resistivity of 12-25 µΩcm. The focus of the present work is placed on issues concerning the phase and morphology stability of NiSi1-uGeu on single-crystal and polycrystalline Si1-xGex substrates. The related experimental data from our recent work are analysed with reference to two classics on the formation of silicides by d'Heurle [J. Mater. Res. 3 (1988) 167] and by d'Heurle and Gas [J. Mater. Res. 1 (1986) 205]. Influences of C and Pt on the stability of NiSi1-uGeu are also covered. The electrical properties of the NiSi1-uGeu-Si1-xGex contact are discussed referring to our latest experimental results.
Automatic generation of timing specifications for CMOS transistor subnetworks
Authors: Robert Tjärnström
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1990)

A method for automatic and hierarchical generation of timing specifications for CMOS transistor subnetworks is presented. The result is delays and timing constraints relating the pins of the cells, which then can be handled at the gate/latch level. It can be used for verification, performance estimation and as timing data for cell libraries and multilevel simulatuors. The approach is fast since it is static and only the unique cell types need to be analysed. When used for verification by comparison this provides an important complement to functional verifiers.
Lie-theoretic generating relations of Hermite 2D polynomials
Authors: Subuhi Khan, M. A. Pathan
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

In this paper, we derive some generating relations involving Hermite 2D polynomials (H2DP) Hm,n(U;x,y), of two variables with an arbitrary 2D matrix U as parameter using Lie-theoretic approach. Certain (known or new) generating relations for the polynomials related to H2DP are also obtained as special cases.
Poster abstract: spatial average of a continuous physical process in sensor networks
Authors: Saurabh Ganeriwal, Chih Chieh Han, Mani B. Srivastava
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (2003)

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks have caught the fancy of many researchers through the world in a very small span of time. Although notable progress has been made in several key areas, several researchers falter in the way they look at sensor networks i.e. just another kind of wireless ad hoc networks, albeit one composed of energy constrained nodes. A key aspect that makes sensor networks different from traditional networks is their strong link to the physical world. We develop this perspective by studying an interesting class of sensor network applications called aggregation applications.We argue that when a user queries for aggregates like maximum, average etc., he is interested in knowing the statistics of the underlying physical process. In general, this is not equivalent to the statistics gathered from a bunch of nodes. We introduce a distinction between aggregates calculated over a region and aggregates calculated over a discrete set of nodes. We classify them as spatial and nodal aggregates respectively. Till now, researchers have followed the approach of doing nodal aggregation in response to every user query in sensor networks. For a continuous physical process and a random deployment of sensor nodes, which are a norm for sensor networks, the conventional approach of doing nodal aggregation produces inaccurate results.We verify our claim by studying a specific aggregation function namely the average over a region (spatial average) in detail. We use a voronoi-based approach to propose an algorithm for calculating spatial average in sensor networks. The algorithm can work in two modes -- centralized and distributed. The energy and accuracy tradeoff associated with each of the two modes is analyzed in detail. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is tested over a wide variety of physical processes including real precipitation data of South America acquired over a span of past 50 years. We will show that our algorithm gives a 2-8 times performance gain as compared to the conventional approach of doing nodal aggregation. We further explore the robustness of our algorithm to link failures and channel impairments.Although not 100% accurate, our approach is a simple, efficient and a practical solution for calculating the spatial average. We have implemented our algorithm on Berkeley motes. Our first prototype implementation occupies less than 12K flash ROM and consumes less than 1.6K run-time memory. Our algorithm can be easily integrated with available frameworks for doing aggregation in sensor networks. For a minimal cost, our algorithm can be used to provide a spatial aggregation service on a network of motes.