ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Dictionary Driven Facility - the effect of generalized software on programmer productivity
Authors: Larry Mulligan, Patricia Panzi
Venue: Proceedings of the eighteenth annual computer personnel research conference (1981)

DDF - The Dictionary Driven Facility - is an on-line data processing environment consisting of an active dictionary and two interpretive transaction processors. It is supported by a non-procedural language which assists the application programmers in defining transactions, a program to construct data base record descriptions, a protocol for defining data records, and four utility programs which allow the manipulation and reporting of the data in the dictionary. To understand DDF, it is first necessary to understand the functions which appear to be universally required in on-line programs. A typical personnel/payroll application will be used to illustrate these universal functions and to contrast DDF with a traditional on-line program. Our hypothetical problem is to provide the personnel office with an on-line transaction that will allow them to add a new employee to their computer records.
INFO-FRAGA, a user friendly query language for large files and data bases
Authors: Peter Söderström
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1984)

INFO-FRAGA has been developed at Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken and serves as the main tool for ad hoc data base and file access. The paper describes the reasons for building a query language in APL and some important applications. In addition, an overview of the system and its parts is provided, together with a discussion of some details of the implementation of APL, in particular how the compiler was constructed.
On display of space filling atomic models in real-time
Authors: John Staudhammer
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1978)

Earlier work on real-time display of planar polygonal three-dimensional object scenes is extended to the inclusion of repetitive curved surfaces. In earlier work the visible scene components were calculated and reduced to scan line encoded image segments to generate real-time cartoons. That work was limited to visible planar surface elements because of the display algorithms employed. Display time is limited to 33 ms so that scan-interlaced TV may be used. Curved surfaces would normally be approximated by a large number of facets; however, Mach effect's faceting of the surface will occur for all but the simplest cases. Point by point curved surface shading is examined in detail so that special hardware may be defined for displaying the visible surface parts in 33 ms. The hardware concepts employed can be extended to other simple curvatures that appear repeatedly in a visible scene. CONTENT INDICATORS: 3.13, 6.22, 6.35, 6.4, 3.89.
A general purpose graphic system for computer aided design
Authors: Sakae Uno, Hideo Matsuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1979)

The experimental Advanced Integrated Designer's Activity Support (A-IDAS) system is intended to be a base for a total engineering system rather than a pure graphic system. The system provides a database in which graphic data, geometric data and engineering data are stored in a relational data model. It also provides a graphic management facility which can manipulate not only pictures drawn with lines, but those drawn as areas. Areas are represented by crosshatched lines or colors. In more complicated ways, they can be represented as texture or scenery. The system controls two kinds of graphic display devices: a vector display and a raster display. These devices are supported through a device independent user interface when pictures are drawn with lines. With this experimental system, it has been found out that one can develop an engineering system having fairly general purpose capabilities.
Automatic microcode generation for horizontally microprogrammed processors
Authors: Robert J. Sheraga, John L. Gieser
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1981)

A procedure is described which permits applications problems coded in a Higher Level Language to be compiled to microcode for horizontally microprogrammed processors. An experimental language has been designed which is suitable for expressing computationally oriented problems for such processors in a distributed processing environment. Source programs are compiled first to a machine independent intermediate language and then to a machine dependent form consisting of elementary microoperations, with optimizations performed during each step. The microoperations are then compacted into executable microinstructions for a specific target machine. The procedure has been implemented for experimental purposes and used to compile several different types of applications programs. The experimental results are presented with an interpretation and analysis, along with recommendations for future study.
The stochastic generation of a multidimensional scaling technique utilized in the teaching of marketing management
Authors: Newell E. Chiesl
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1979)

In the teaching of marketing courses, it becomes necessary to present to students the utilized methodology and procedure of an associated marketing fundamental or principle. The marketing fundamental in this presentation is product positioning. Products are positioned by marketing managers with the aid of Multidimensional Scaling Techniques (MDS). This paper describes a computer simulation model using a Monte-Carlo technique that generates input data to PREFMAP, a MDS program. The purpose of PREFMAP, supplied by Bell Laboratories, is to output pedagogical product positioning information to students.
The VLSI design challenge of the 80's (Position Statement)
Authors: A. R. Newton
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

The primary focus of design automation for VLSI in the 80's will not be the development of sophisticated new design tools, but rather the development of design methodologies which can utilize effectively 108 transistors/chip. Computer aids will be developed to support the management of these design methodologies, both for relatively simple synthesis tasks as well as the verification of circuits as they are generated. At the present time it is not clear which design methodology will be the most successful for any particular class of applications of VLSI. For this reason, design systems should be developed in a flexible manner to allow easy reconfiguration as new approaches to the design process emerge. The structure of one such system is shown in Fig. 1. In this approach the design tools are applied to the hierarchical data base under the control of a supervisory program, or shell, which can be reconfigured and adapt the system as new tools are added, or as the data base and/or representations of the design are altered. In this way, the designer observes the minimum perturbation as the system is updated.
Quality evaluation of some combinations of unit uniform random number generators and unit normal transformation algorithms
Authors: Winnie Chen, Roger L. Burford
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th annual symposium on Simulation (1981)

This study is concerned with evaluation of the goodness of fit and randomness of unit normal variates generated from combinations of several unit uniform generators and several normal transformation algorithms. The basic conclusion is that use of a good, theoretically exact transformation in conjunction with a theoretically good unit uniform generator does not necessarily guarantee variates with good statistical properties. In many cases generators which aren't quite so good when combined with transformation algorithms which also aren't quite so good, will yield variates with statistical properties which are superior to those of the &ldquo;better&rdquo; generators.
Query transformation in an instructional database management system
Authors: Bogdan Czejdo, Marek> Rusinkiewioz
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1984)

A database management system designed for instructional use should offer facilities usually not required in a commercial environment. One of the most important features desirable in such a system is its ability to perform query transformation. The use of an universal symbol and tree manipulation system to perform query translation, decomposition and optimization is described in the paper. Examples of transformation rules required to translate SQL expressions into equivalent QUEL expressions, decompose SQL expressions into parse trees and perform optimization of expressions based on relational algebra are shown. An experimental relational DBMS using the above approach is currently under development at the University of Houston. It supports various nonprocedural query languages within a single system, using a unified database dictionary. Cross-translation between various query languages is allowed. The results of every important phase of the query transformation during its execution are interactively available to the system user.
Prototyping as a tool in the specification of user requirements
Authors: Hassan Gomaa, Douglas B.H. Scott
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Software engineering (1981)

One of the major problems in developing new computer applications is specifying the user's requirements such that the Requirements Specification is correct, complete and unambiguous. Although prototyping is often considered too expensive, correcting ambiguities and misunderstandings at the specification stage is significantly cheaper than correcting a system after it has gone into production. This paper describes how a prototype was used to help specify the requirements of a computer system to manage and control a semiconductor processing facility. The cost of developing and running the prototype was less than 10% of the total software development cost.
Design issues of protocols for computer mail
Authors: Jose J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Franklin F. Kuo
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh symposium on Data communications (1981)

In this paper we present major design considerations for the development of international computer mail protocols. A simplified functional model for computer mail systems is introduced to serve as the basis of the discussion of the protocols. The general framework of the Reference Model for Open System Architecture proposed by the ISO is followed in the description of the computer mail protocol and design issues involved at each layer of the computer mail protocol are examined. The computer mail protocol is aimed at non-interactive communication between message system users.
Generating MC68000 code for Ada
Authors: Hans-Stephan Jansohn, Rudolf Landwehr, Jochen Hayek, Michael Thätner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGSMALL symposium on Personal and small computers (1983)

We adapted the code generator of the Karlsruhe Ada compiler to produce symbolic MC68000 code. The essential part of the code generator - the code selection phase - is produced automatically by the Code Generator Synthesis System (CGSS) out of a formal description of the target machine. Therefore our main task consisted of writing a Target Machine Description (TMD) for the Motorola MC68000. In this paper we report our experience made in writing the target machine description and in adapting the whole code generator.
A Vocational - Technical High School Program
Authors: Raymond Woodcock
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

This paper describes the Business Data Processing program for vocational technical education at the Boulder Valley Re-2 Public Schools Area Vocational Technical Center. This program is the result of years of development through constant evaluation by both instructors and industry advisory committee members. What we offer here represents only the current program, for future changes are necessary to keep up with a constantly changing industry. We would like to describe our 1) facility, 2) equipment, 3) individualized instructional media, 4) advisory committees, 5) environment, and 6) curriculum.
Teaching teachers about computers: A course description
Authors: Barbara Marsh
Venue: ACM SIGCUE Outlook (1976)

I believe computers will continue to expand their areas of application, and so am forced to the conclusion that school curricula will have to deal with them. And if computer curricula are to be introduced into the schools, teacher training institutions must prepare teachers to teach about computers. The context I choose is education itself. "Education" is of course rather a broad term; computer uses in education are many and varied. Some of these applications are similar enough to those in other areas that some very general principles of computer use will automatically be raised. Others are quite unique, and raise specific questions which teachers will have to deal with in their own professional lives, so that the study of computers can be seen to be very relevant to being a teacher. By teaching about computers in this context instead of more abstractly or generally, and by drawing attention constantly to the educational implications of computer uses, I hope that the teachers who are my students will in turn pass on to their own students the habit of attending to the social implications of what is done by computers.
Data base contamination and recovery
Authors: Murray Edelberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) workshop on Data description, access and control (1974)

An approach to dealing with the contamination problem in the context of a simple model of a multi-process data base environment is described. We present an algorithm which, given a specification of a set of data transfers which are judged to have been possible contaminators, tracks the possible spread of contamination among processes and data blocks. This algorithm can be used as a diagnostic tool for recovery. Also, for environments in which it is feasible to rerun processes, we describe an algorithm which determines a recovery strategy. The strategy consists of processes to be rerun, blocks to be restored to a prior image, and appropriate prior images for these blocks.
Programming languages for non-numeric processing&mdash;1: TRAC, a text handling language
Authors: C. N. Mooers, L. P. Deutsch
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

THE TRAC SYSTEM for Text Reckoning And Compiling was developed as a software package and user language to go with the reactive typewriter. Design goals included the attainment of a concise and efficient input language, a straightforward philosophy and a high order of logical versatility. The external and internal forms of the TRAC language are the same. TRAC can accept, name, store, operate upon in any way, and emit any string of characters that can be produced on a teletypewriter keyboard. Any string can be treated at any time as text, name, or program. This paper describes the design decisions that went into the construction of the TRAC language and system. The acronym TRAC stands for &ldquo;text reckoning and compiling&rdquo;1. The TRAC system had its genesis in the need for a general tool for dealing with text. In its later stages, TRAC developed in parallel with the evolution of the reactive typewriter concept2. TRAC is now running in a time-shared environment, and is currently undergoing testing and operational refinement3. In preliminary assessment, TRAC appears to exceed the design targets set for it.
People-Oriented Computer Systems, Revisited(Acm 82 Panel Session)
Authors: Lorraine Borman
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

This panel will look at the importance of the interaction process and the user interface in the design, development and use of computer systems. It is a follow-up to a panel session titled &ldquo;People-Oriented Computer Systems; When, and How?&rdquo; which was presented at ACM 78 [1]. The panelists will look at questions raised in 1978 and review what has been done in the intervening four years. And they will look at one of the most important happenings of the past four years &mdash; the widespread introduction of the personal computer into the office, the lab, and the schools, and how it has affected the design of all computer systems, small and large. New computers, new users, new ways of designing computer systems for people?
Computers in the study of learning: BOGART&mdash;A discovery and induction program for games
Authors: C. Newman, L. Uhr
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

BOGART consists of a set of board game playing routines written in MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) which is capable of learning to play board games. Examples of board games BOGART can learn to play, with widely varying degrees of proficiency, include Tic-Tac-Toe, hexapawn, GOMOKU, and checkers, and it can solve missionary and cannibal problems. The objective in constructing BOGART is to illustrate that it is possible to solve a large class of dissimilar problems by the use of learning techniques. Proficiency at solving any one problem was not an objective, nor was general proficiency that did not depend on the use of learning. Consistent with this philosophy of relying on learning techniques, no use is made of lookahead procedures, although they have been shown to be of great value in game-playing programs.
Document preparation by an experimental text and facsimile integrated workstation
Authors: Wolfgang Harak, Wolfgang Postl
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Systems documentation (1982)

Since '78, an experimental workstation has been built up [1 to 5] at the Siemens Central Research Laboratories at Munich which allows composing, filing, and transmission of illustrated office documents, offering to the user's disposal the following packet of facilities we expect to become standard in the future &ldquo;paperless&rdquo; office. We decided to design a system model in order to verify this conception by experiment. The result of this design is an assembly of function modules, which, in the general, correspond to peripherals, linked by a local network (scope fig. 1): &bull; dialog screen &bull; document screen &bull; keyboard, for text input &bull; tablet, for window control, menu selection, graphics and handprint input &bull; printer, for printout of unformatted or formatted text, graphics, and images &bull; scanner, for facsimile input of black white as well as 6gray-level images, optionally to by integrated with printer into an intelligent copier &bull; harddisk, for system software and temporary storage of user files &bull; floppy, for backup, transport and letter mail &bull; transceiver, for remote connection. Any of these peripherals can, if required, be duplicated for time sharing users, or for increased performance. Since an essential feature of our system conception is the integration of text and facsimile facilities, we defined the name TEXTFAX which stands as well for the above conception as for the experimental system we are now going to discuss in detail.
Development of a computer database to enhance educational and employment access for individuals with disabilities
Authors: Helen Woodall, Don Warner, Joseph Chiang, Peter Chan, Albert Cook, Lawrence Meyers, Patricia Sonntag
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Systems documentation (1982)

In order to assist individuals with disabilities in education/employment settings, it may be necessary to provide special devices - either commercially available or custom made - so that the person will be able to conduct his/her work properly. In order to obtain these devices, an information retrieval system has been developed that presents the user with various solutions to common problems in communication, mobility, manipulation, and sensory areas.
HABEAS - a Structural Dynamics Analysis System
Authors: Jackie S. Potts, Malcolm Newman, Shou-Ling Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference (1969)

A newly developed system of computer programs, HABEAS, is described for the finite element analysis of large complex structures. The HABEAS System provides both static and dynamic analysis capabilities and presents a new approach for treating the large eigenvalue problems associated with complex structures by a special reduction technique. This technique permits the user to obtain a reduced number of combined true modes and pseudomodes which can effectively be used for dynamic synthesis. HABEAS is currently fully operational on the IBM 360/91 and has been employed by the Structural Mechanics Laboratory of the Naval Ship Research and Development Center for the design evaluation of a large blast-hardened deckhouse and antenna structures on modern combat ships.
Multifrequency eddy current image processing techniques for nondestructive evaluation
Authors: K. A. Bartels, J. L. Fisher
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

This paper describes a new technique for processing eddy current images as used in nondestructive evaluation of materials. A simple description of the image formation physics is given followed by a description of the current state of the art in image processing. Eddy current testing in 2-D results in a sequence of complex valued images that can be linearly combined to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of features of interest. A new approach that selects weights for a linear combination of the images based on SNR maximization is presented. Results on experimental data show SNR improvements up to 1100 percent over traditional two-frequency techniques. The new algorithm presented is general to any number of frequencies, and results of four-frequency processing are given.
Computer Science at Western experience with Curriculum '78 in a time-sharing environment
Authors: D. J.M. Davies, I. Gargantini
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1981)

The Computer Science programs and environment at the University of Western Ontario are described. The courses have recently been revised in the light of Curriculum '78. We compare the new offerings with Curriculum '78, discussing especially the mathematics requirements and courses we have introduced, and showing how a variety of three- and four-year programs is organized coherently. The Department has also moved to virtually total interactive, time-sharing computer environment, even in introductory mass-enrollment courses. We discuss the impact of this, and of the increasing enrollments, on the education we offer and on our academic standards.
A representation for linear lists with movable fingers
Authors: Mark R. Brown, Robert E. Tarjan
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1978)

This paper describes a data structure which is useful for representing linear lists when the pattern of accesses to a list exhibits a (perhaps time-varying) locality of reference. The structure has many of the properties of the representation proposed by Guibas, McCreight, Plass, and Roberts [4], but is substantially simpler and may be practical for lists of moderate size. The analysis of our structure includes a general treatment of the worst-case node splitting caused by consecutive insertions into a 2-3 tree.