ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Preferential text classification: learning algorithms and evaluation measures
Authors: Fabio Aiolli, Riccardo Cardin, Fabrizio Sebastiani, Alessandro Sperduti
Venue: Information Retrieval (2009)

In many applicative contexts in which textual documents are labelled with thematic categories, a distinction is made between the primary categories of a document, which represent the topics that are central to it, and its secondary categories, which represent topics that the document only touches upon. We contend that this distinction, so far neglected in text categorization research, is important and deserves to be explicitly tackled. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose an evaluation measure for this preferential text categorization task, whereby different kinds of misclassifications involving either primary or secondary categories have a different impact on effectiveness. Second, we establish several baseline results for this task on a well-known benchmark for patent classification in which the distinction between primary and secondary categories is present; these results are obtained by reformulating the preferential text categorization task in terms of well established classification problems, such as single and/or multi-label multiclass classification; state-of-the-art learning technology such as SVMs and kernel-based methods are used. Third, we improve on these results by using a recently proposed class of algorithms explicitly devised for learning from training data expressed in preferential form, i.e., in the form "for document d i , category c¿ is preferred to category c¿¿"; this allows us to distinguish between primary and secondary categories not only in the classification phase but also in the learning phase, thus differentiating their impact on the classifiers to be generated.
Remaking Domestic Intelligence
Authors: Richard A. Posner
Venue:  (2009)

A new solution for reforming U.S. domestic intelligence Domestic intelligence in the United States today is undermanned, uncoordinated, technologically challenged, and dominated by an agencythe FBIthat is structurally unsuited to play the central role in national security intelligence. Despite its importance to national security, it is the weakest link in the U.S. intelligence system. In Remaking Domestic Intelligence, Richard A. Posner reveals all the dangerous weaknesses undermining our domestic intelligence in the United States and offers a new solution: a domestic intelligence agency modeled on the concept and basic design of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. He details why the FBI, because its primary activity is law enforcement, is not the solution to the problem of domestic intelligence and how a new agency, lodged in the Department of Homeland Security, would have no authority to engage in law enforcement and thus avoid the deep tension between criminal investigation and national security intelligence that plagues the FBI. He also shows how a new U.S. domestic intelligence agency might offer additional advantages over our current structure even in terms of civil liberties. Richard A. Posner is a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Precision Measurement System for Leveling Degree Based on Laser Sensor
Authors: Ruiyin Tang, Hongkun He
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

In this article, as the active localization and measurement system, a novel method for detecting the leveling degree of hardware box with a higher accuracy is proposed. First it realized a 2-dimensional accurate localization system using stepping motors, and then applied precision measurement of the leveling degree of hardware box by the novel laser sensor. S7-200PLC of Siemens, motion module EM253 and stepping motor are tied in wedlock to realize allocation of 2-dimension of X axis and Y axis. The laser sensor realized non-contact and precision measurement. And the result shows the system has more merits like high accuracy, nimble reliable control, non-contact, low defending, strong system transplanting function and improved availability, etc. And the system has applied successfully in foreign-funded enterprise of Singapore.
Syntactic constraints on paraphrases extracted from parallel corpora
Authors: Chris Callison-Burch
Venue: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2008)

We improve the quality of paraphrases extracted from parallel corpora by requiring that phrases and their paraphrases be the same syntactic type. This is achieved by parsing the English side of a parallel corpus and altering the phrase extraction algorithm to extract phrase labels alongside bilingual phrase pairs. In order to retain broad coverage of non-constituent phrases, complex syntactic labels are introduced. A manual evaluation indicates a 19% absolute improvement in paraphrase quality over the baseline method.
Applying and extending sensor web enablement to a telecare sensor network architecture
Authors: Gavin E. Churcher, Jeff Foley
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on COMmunication System softWAre and middlewaRE (2009)

The standards being proposed by the Sensor Web Enablement Working Group offer methods for virtualizing sensor data into a common, self-describing format, utilizing access mechanisms based on HTTP. An external application is able to discover and access different sensor offerings, understand the data format used and even specify that it should be notified of certain conditions in the sensor data. This paper examines how an existing sensor network platform in the telecare domain can make use of these standards and in particular provides a case for a proposed extension to the publish/subscribe model, the Sensor Alert Service. Concepts taken from Complex Event Processing engines are explored in the context of this particular telecare platform, where it is shown that there are clear advantages to extending the standard.
Formal Approaches to Deadlock Analysis in Competitions of Shared Web Resources
Authors: Jieqi Ding, Han Zhu, Huibiao Zhu, Qin Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third IEEE International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2009)

Competitions of shared web resources have been widely concerned today. Under the circumstances of networks, no central supervisor can be implemented, which makes it more complicated to avoid deadlock problems. This paper describes the interactions of web services and shared web resources using CSP method. Deadlocks can be analyzed based on the formal model.
Research of Urban Bus Stop Planning Based on Optimization Theory
Authors: Li-qun Liu, Yan Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

According to the difficulty of urban bus stop planning, a method which is based on optimization theory is introduced. First, the minimum passengers’ total traveling time model base on the shortest stop distance is adopted to calculate the optimum stop distance and determine the number of bus stops. Then, the bus stop coverage rate model is used to predict the development scale of urban bus stop. Finally, based on a comprehensive analysis of these two models, the rational development scale of urban bus stop is determined. The method has been applied in Zhanjiang’s public traffic planning, the experiment shows that the method is brief and easy, it has some real work significance to public traffic planning.
A Capacity Aware Data Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Md. Obaidur Rahman, Muhammad Mostafa Monowar, Choong Seon Hong
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part II (2009)

Wireless link capacity within a sensor network has direct impact on its performance and throughput. Due to dense sensor deployment, interference seems to be a key factor for varying radio link capacity and also for congestion at hot spot region. Thus it is important to handle interference while removing in-network hot spots. The main goal of this paper is to achieve maximum utilization of link capacity for each sensor node controlling congestion related packet losses. Therefore in this paper we proposed an interference and capacity aware data transport protocol for sensor networks which performs rate control over congested wireless links. Proposed approach identifies the congested links that exists in hot spots and then adapts data transmission rate of corresponding sensor nodes. Perception of radio link interferences i.e. intra-path and inter-path interferences are used to estimate the capacity of each link. Finally simulation outputs have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed task and showed a noticeable performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet delivery latency and sensor's runtime buffer size.
Approximations of Discrete, Continuous, and Hybrid Systems
Authors: George J. Pappas
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems (2009)

Concurrency theory and formal verification of discrete systems have resulted in a wealth of system relationships, including the notions of language inclusion, simulation and bisimulation relations. These notions have had great impact in not only reducing the analysis complexity of discrete systems, but also in reducing problems for continuous and hybrid systems to purely discrete problems.Such relationships for discrete systems require system observations to be identical. When interacting with the physical world, modeled by continuous or hybrid systems, exact relationships are restrictive and not robust. In this talk, we will present a framework of system approximation that applies to discrete, continuous, and hybrid systems by developing notions of approximate language inclusion, approximate simulation, and approximate bisimulation relations. We define a hierarchy of approximation pseudo-metrics between two systems that quantify the quality of the approximation, and capture the established exact relationships as zero sections.Algorithms are developed for computing the proposed pseudo-metrics, both exactly and approximately. The exact algorithms require the generalization of the fixed point algorithms for computing simulation and bisimulation relations, or dually, the solution of a static game whose cost is the so-called branching distance between the systems. Approximations for the pseudo-metrics can be obtained by considering Lyapunov-like functions called simulation and bisimulation functions. We will present algorithms for computing the proposed pseudo-metrics for a variety of classes of continuous, hybrid systems, and stochastic hybrid systems, as well as in approximating continuous systems by purely discrete ones.
SecSens - Security Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Faruk Bagci, Theo Ungerer, Nader Bagherzadeh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (2009)

In recent years, the potential range of applications for sensor networks is expanding. Their use has been considered for safety critical areas such as: hospitals or power plants. The security comes more to the fore. This paper presents SecSens, an architecture that provides basic security components for wireless sensor networks. Since robust and strong security features require powerful nodes, SecSens uses a heterogeneous sensor network. In addition to a large number of simple (cheap) sensor nodes providing the actual sensor tasks, there are a few powerful nodes (cluster nodes) that implement the required security features. The basic component of SecSens offers authenticated broadcasts to allow recipients to authenticate the sender of a message. To protect the sensor network against routing attacks, SecSens includes a probabilistic multi-path routing protocol, which supports the key management and the authenticated broadcasts. SecSens also provides functions to detect forged sensor data by verifying data reports en-route. SecSens is successfully evaluated in a real test environment with two different kinds of sensor boards.
Algorithms for Regression and Classification
Authors: Robin Nunkesser
Venue:  (2009)

The focus of this dissertation is on robust regression and classification in genetic association studies. In the context of robust regression, new exact algorithms, results for robust online scale estimation, and an evolutionary computation algorithm for different estimators in higher dimensions are presented. For classification in genetic association studies, this thesis describes a Genetic Programming algorithm that outpeforms the standard approaches on the considered data sets. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Assessing NeuroSky's Usability to Detect Attention Levels in an Assessment Exercise
Authors: Genaro Rebolledo-Mendez, Ian Dunwell, Erika A. Martínez-Mirón, María Dolores Vargas-Cerdán, Sara Freitas, Fotis Liarokapis, Alma R. García-Gaona
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends (2009)

This paper presents the results of a usability evaluation of the NeuroSky's MindSet (MS). Until recently most Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) have been designed for clinical and research purposes partly due to their size and complexity. However, a new generation of consumer-oriented BCI has appeared for the video game industry. The MS, a headset with a single electrode, is based on electro-encephalogram readings (EEG) capturing faint electrical signals generated by neural activity. The electrical signal across the electrode is measured to determine levels of attention (based on Alpha waveforms) and then translated into binary data. This paper presents the results of an evaluation to assess the usability of the MS by defining a model of attention to fuse attention signals with user-generated data in a Second Life assessment exercise. The results of this evaluation suggest that the MS provides accurate readings regarding attention, since there is a positive correlation between measured and self-reported attention levels. The results also suggest there are some usability and technical problems with its operation. Future research is presented consisting of the definition a standardized reading methodology and an algorithm to level out the natural fluctuation of users' attention levels if they are to be used as inputs.
Design and validation of ECA gestures to improve dialogue system robustness
Authors: Beatriz López, Álvaro Hernández, David Díaz, Rubén Fernández, Luis Hernández, Doroteo Torre
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Embodied Language Processing (2007)

In this paper we present validation tests that we have carried out on gestures that we have designed for an embodied conversational agent (ECAs), to assess their soundness with a view to applying said gestures in a forthcoming experiment to explore the possibilities ECAs can offer to overcome typical robustness problems in spoken language dialogue systems (SLDSs). The paper is divided into two parts: First we carry our a literature review to acquire a sense of the extent to which ECAs can help overcome user frustration during human-machine interaction. Then we associate tentative, yet specific, ECA gestural behaviour with each of the main dialogue stages, with special emphasis on problem situations. In the second part we describe the tests we have carried out to validate our ECA's gestural repertoire. The results obtained show that users generally understand and naturally accept the gestures, to a reasonable degree. This encourages us to proceed with the next stage of research: evaluating the gestural strategy in real dialogue situations with the aim of learning about how to favour a more efficient and pleasant dialogue flow for the users.
A Formal Approach to Heuristically Test Restorable Systems
Authors: Pablo Rabanal, Ismael Rodríguez, Fernando Rubio
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (2009)

In order to test a Finite State Machine (FSM), first we typically have to identify some short interaction sequences allowing to reach those states or transitions considered as critical. If these sequences are applied to an implementation under test (IUT), then equivalent states or transitions would be reached and observed in the implementation --- provided that the implementation were actually defined as the specification. In this paper we study how to obtain such sequences in a scenario where previous configurations can be restored at any time. In general, this feature enables sequences to reach the required parts of the machine in less time, because some repetitions can be avoided. However, finding optimal sequences is NP-hard when configurations can be restored. We use an evolutionary method, River Formation Dynamics, to heuristically solve this problem.
Joint masking and estimation of information processes under dynamic interferences with randomly varying structures
Authors: Yu. G. Bulychev, A. V. Eliseev, L. I. Borodin, V. A. Golovskoy, A. A. Mozol'
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2009)

The paper develops a method for masking information processes and estimating their numerical characteristics according to measurement data that contain multistructural piecewise-continuous interferences with unknown instants of structure switching.
Exploring Multimodal Interaction in Collaborative Settings
Authors: Luís Duarte, Marco Sá, Luís Carriço
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part II: Novel Interaction Methods and Techniques (2009)

This paper presents an initial study of a multimodal collaborative platform concerning user preferences and interaction technique adequacy towards a task. True collaborative interactions are a missing aspect of the majority of nowadays' multi-user system on par with the lack of support towards impaired users. In order to surpass these obstacles we provide an accessible platform for co-located collaborative environments which aims at not only improving the ways users interact within them but also at exploring novel interaction patterns. A brief study regarding a set of interaction techniques and tasks was conducted in order to assess the most suited modalities in certain settings. We discuss the results drawn from this study, detail some related conclusions and present future work directions.
TextRunner: open information extraction on the web
Authors: Alexander Yates, Michael Cafarella, Michele Banko, Oren Etzioni, Matthew Broadhead, Stephen Soderland
Venue: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations on XX (2007)

Traditional information extraction systems have focused on satisfying precise, narrow, pre-specified requests from small, homogeneous corpora. In contrast, the TextRunner system demonstrates a new kind of information extraction, called Open Information Extraction (OIE), in which the system makes a single, data-driven pass over the entire corpus and extracts a large set of relational tuples, without requiring any human input. (Banko et al., 2007) TextRunner is a fully-implemented, highly scalable example of OIE. TextRunner's extractions are indexed, allowing a fast query mechanism.
Genetic Algorithm Optimizing Neural Network for Short-Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Wang Wu, Wang Guozhi, Zhang Yuanmin, Wang Hongling
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications - Volume 01 (2009)

Short-term load forecasting in power system is necessary for management and contrl of power system. A new method for short-term load forecasting was presented based on neural networks optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed in this paper, short-term load forecasting model for power system was setup as sample sets for Elman neural network(Elman NN), with GA's optimizing and Elman NN's dynamic feature, the higher forecasting pricision was realized andthe simulation indicates the method is feasible and effective.
Magic Lantern Guides: Canon Powershot G10
Authors: Jason Schneider
Venue:  (2009)

- The versatility of the Canon G10 is almost unheard of in a digital compact cameraparticularly for photographers moving up from basic compacts. Jason Schneider will walk them through every feature and function so they can use this remarkable camera to its fullest potential The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Text beautifier: an affective-text tool to tailor written text
Authors: Fahim Kawsar, Mostafa Al Masum Shaikh, Mitsuru Ishizuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3 (2008)

We have spelling and grammar checking tools available on today's word processors. But what they are missing is a tool that can recommend several possibilities of a given written sentence to assist a user to write better sentences. Therefore, we aim to develop a linguistic tool to beautify text by applying our developed lexical resources regarding textual affect sensing. The developed tool will allow a user to beautify an input sentence in terms of tuning it on different scales like valence, affect, prospect, and praise. For example using such a tool one may get the recommendations like, "Your lovely email makes me very glad", or "I become glad to read your email", or "I am very happy to obtain your nice email" for the input sentence "I am happy to receive your email" after scaling up the input sentence on affective, or prospective, or valence scale respectively. Such tool will be especially helpful to the non-native English speakers to write better English.
Winning Concurrent Reachability Games Requires Doubly-Exponential Patience
Authors: Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen, Michal Koucky, Peter Bro Miltersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 24th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic In Computer Science (2009)

We exhibit a deterministic concurrent reachability game PURGATORY$_n$ with $n$ non-terminal positions and a binary choice for both players in every position so that any positional strategy for Player 1 achieving the value of the game within given $\epsilon
How Much True Structure Has Been Discovered?
Authors: F. Höppner
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition (2009)

Comparing clustering algorithms is much more difficult than comparing classification algorithms, which is due to the unsupervised nature of the task and the lack of a precisely stated objective. We consider explorative cluster analysis as a predictive task (predict regions where data lumps together) and propose a measure to evaluate the performance on an hold-out test set. The performance is discussed for typical situations and results on artificial and real world datasets are presented for partitional, hierarchical, and density-based clustering algorithms. The proposed S-measure successfully senses the individual strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player