ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The people process in text processing teaching text processing in a university environment
Authors: Madge Brochet
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

The &ldquo;Office of the 80's&rdquo; is front-page copy today. Terms such as &ldquo;automated office&rdquo; and &ldquo;office of the future&rdquo; receive an amazing amount of attention from the media. These are new concepts we live with in a business environment, and many universities are either investigating how they can best get a piece of the action, or are in the process of implementing new systems that will &ldquo;revolutionize&rdquo; how their administrative and departmental offices do business. Departments are witnessing the installation of their first word processor, greeting its arrival with a mixture of wonder and, quite often, overblown expectations. The sales person said it was easy to use, quoted figures about enormous productivity increases, and about coming of age in computing. Promises, promises, but what is the reality of the situation for office personnel of the front end of such innovation? How we introduce text processing and how we train people determines the success or failure of the transformation from typewritten to future office. We must identify and respond to the particular needs of this relatively new user community. As Richard Wiersba noted, &ldquo;Technology should magnify human capabilities, not replace them.&rdquo;(1) Training programs must be developed with a clear understanding of the requirements of office personnel, as well as an understanding of the goals of the organization. Management support for training projects must be assured, with management aware of the specific conditions needed for success. Instructor attitudes must convey respect for the present skills of the employee. This is an essential element and one that is often overlooked in our enthusiasm for the new and &ldquo;advanced&rdquo; approach. If you respect what people bring to the learning situation, you free them to tackle the new challenge. Improved self-esteem and improved productivity go hand in hand.
Predicting fault detectability in combinational circuits - a new design tool?
Authors: John L. Fike
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

This paper examines procedures for estimating the probability of detecting a logical fault in a combinational network. The prediction methods are based upon the characteristics of the circuit element, the interconnections, and the faults; they do not require generation of any test patterns or simulation of the network. The procedures are developed through the use of existing switching algebra and fault collapse techniques, combined with elementary probability theory. While the goal was to derive a general procedure for accurately predicting fault detectability networks, subsequent analysis indicated that detection probabilities would only be estimated without resorting to simulation. The results have been verified using an existing test generation and simulation system. Extensions to sequential circuits are discussed. This approach may improve the cost-effectiveness of existing test generation systems, and may provide a means of estimating the difficulty of production testing of a proposed logic design.
Memory utilization for a dynamically microprogrammed computer
Authors: Paul D. Stigall
Venue: Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1973)

A particular, dynamically microprogrammed computer (proposed by Tucker and Flynn in Commun. of ACM, April 1971) is considered with respect to main memory and micromemory utilization. A dependency is shown between memory utilization and utilization of the arithmetic and logic unit. An equation is derived to express the average microinstruction execution time in micromemory cycles. From this equation, it has been determined that for an example representing instruction buffering and branch anticipation will reduce the average execution time by 5 percent, while a good data management or interleaving memory modules example will decrease it by 59 percent.
Automated placement of multi-terminal components
Authors: F. Taylor Scanlon
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Design Automation Workshop (1971)

An algorithm for placing multi-terminal electronic components in a printed circuit board environment is presented. A heuristic technique of applying vector forces to component models and iteratively relocating these modules has been developed. The methods used to compute these forces are what make this algorithm unique and improve its ability to find solutions that are independent of initial conditions and near optimal. A flexible modeling scheme has been devised to allow for any general class of components to be placed. The algorithm will place modules of arbitrary size with any number of terminals onto boards of irregular shape, including placement on two sides of a board. While most powerful in a printed circuit environment, the algorithm may be used in wire-wrap technologies and hybrid designs as well. The technique has been implemented in a Fortran program and exhibits the high degree of flexibility required in a design automation system. A summary of the results obtained in practical applications at Honeywell is included.
Simulation and animation of an assembly system
Authors: Bahram Keramati, Christine M. Kelly-Sacks, Gregory L. Tonkay
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

A software package was developed for eventual use by manufacturing engineers responsible for the design of an automated assembly loop. The loop consists of a number of cells through which palletized parts flow. A simulation of this system was developed which includes the effects of blocking, machine down times and pallet transport time. In addition to the statistical information usually obtained with any simulation, an animation of the process was also developed which provides the manufacturing engineer with an interactive-graphic environment to examine the dynamic performance of the system.
Real-time simulated earthquake motion of high rise structures
Authors: James Lord
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Design Automation Workshop (1970)

The real-time simulation of a high rise structure during an earthquake represents a marked step forward in the structural design field. It affords a graphic display of the dynamic behaviour and characteristics of such a structure. The simulation can be presented on a CRT or by means of a 16 or 35 mm. movie and tailored for client or technical viewing. This paper discusses the application of the computer techniques involved in dynamically analyzing and simulating the seismic response of an actual 52 story steel-framed tower located in the Los Angeles area.
The role of software engineering in the microcomputer revolution: An overview
Authors: W. M. Mckeeman
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

The title of this paper is presumptious. It presumes that software engineering exists and that you and I have a reasonably common understanding of it. It presumes that there is a microcomputer revolution and we know what it is. And it presumes that software engineering will have a different role, and that it is useful to discuss it in the new context. One way to test the presumptions is to recast the words: &ldquo;The part played by non-hardware ingenuity now that very small computers dominate our concerns&rdquo;. If this still seems worth discussing, then read on. The lesser aspect of the revolution that is readily apparent is that we are reliving our history in quick time. It is all the more disconcerting because we are aware of it as we do it. The list of old horrors includes irregular instruction sets, bit pushing, overambitious projects that leave the users forever dependent on stopgap systems that were never expected to be delivered, unspecified and undocumented programs, and a series of system releases that leave even stable programs awash in the sands of a shifting environment. The same historical forces that caused these messes once upon a time are doing so again. It says something about the effectiveness of our programming methods. A more serious aspect of the revolution is shown in the accompaning &ldquo;graph&rdquo; which depicts my opinion of the trends in software production. We are expanding so fast that industry is robbing the university cradle (the number of PhD'd granted is dropping each year), as well as pressing into service a large number of people without much formal training. The average skill level in the industry seems to me to be dropping, and along with it the quality of software. At the same time the user community is expanding to approach the entire literate population with programs running microwave ovens, automobile engines, hand calculators, telephones, airplanes, banks, gas pumps and heart patients. It is a very inelastic audience. Nearly any problem is beyond the skill of the user to understand, or work around, much less to repair. The conflict in trends is obvious. As Professor Marty Graham has pointed out, the cost of failure may well begin to dominate the industry. In many uses of computers, massive failure is fatal. It seems that there is a clear implication: programmers will be well paid, and held responsible for malpractice. It is these trends that convince me that we must redouble our efforts to regularize software engineering. It will be expensive. Specification, testing, proving, and documentation will have to improve. Those lacking the skills will have to obtain them, perhaps by returning to the university for short stays at frequent intervals. We are going to have to offer software with guarantees. It is software engineering that will make them possible.
Development of courses in microprogramming
Authors: Masahiro Tsuchiya
Venue: Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1973)

The development of two courses (one senior/graduate level and the other graduate level) in microprogramming currently proposed at Northwestern University are described. Some alternative approaches to incorporation of microprogramming into the computer science curriculum are discussed. The importance of the microprogramming concept is presented to rationalize the establishment of independent courses in microprogramming. The first course serves as a course in microprogram &ldquo;appreciation&rdquo;; it introduces its concept, its merits, and drawbacks associated with various applications and emphasizes &ldquo;hands-on&rdquo; practices on a microprogrammable computer. The second course treats more theoretical aspects of subjects related to microprogramming. The contents, requirements and teaching methods for the courses are outlined.
An &Ohgr;(n2 log n) lower bound to the shortest paths problem
Authors: Andrew C. Yao, David M. Avis, Ronald L. Rivest
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1977)

Let P be a polyhedron with fs s-dimensional faces. We show that &Ohgr;(log fs) linear comparisons are needed to determine if a point lies in P. This is used to establish an &Ohgr;(n2 log n) lower bound to the all-pairs shortest path problem between n points.
Text-editing and photocomposing APL publications
Authors: Arlene E. Azzarello
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1981)

Producing APL publications in a readable, pleasing, printed format is a challenging and time-consuming task. In an effort to get away from publishing APL documentation reproduced from typewriter terminal or line-printed output, I. P. Sharp Associates experimented with an interface between an APL text editor and a commercial photocomposing typesetter. Producing the Sharp APL Reference Manual [1] revealed some fundamental design issues which must be considered when constructing text editors and photocomposing interfaces. This paper deals with the text-editing effort behind the Sharp APL Reference Manual, the techniques employed, the problems encountered with the text editor and with the photocomposing interface, as well as the typographical and formatting conventions used in the first edition. The paper concludes with a discussion of design requirements for text editors and photocomposing interfaces.
Online pipeline systems for recursive numeric computations
Authors: Mary Jane Irwin, Don Heller
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

This paper discusses the development of a high speed pipelined arithmetic system suitable for recursive numeric computations. The core of the arithmetic system is an online pipeline network. The details of the architectural design of this arithmetic system are first presented. Then the organization of such a system to support a broad range of recursive computations, which have not been amenable to pipelining by other techniques, will be described. The LU factorization of a tridiagonal matrix is used as an example to provide timing comparisons between the online pipeline network, the CRAY-1, and the systolic array as presented by Kung and Leiserson, 1978.
Application of integration algorithms in a parallel processing environment for the simulation of jet engines
Authors: Susan M. Krosel, Edward J. Milner
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th annual symposium on Simulation (1982)

The development of digital dynamic simulations requires careful selection of an appropriate integration algorithm. This paper illustrates the application of predictor-corrector integration algorithms developed for the digital parallel processing environment. The algorithms are implemented and evaluated through the use of a software simulator which provides an approximate representation of the parallel processing hardware. Test cases which focus on the use of the algorithms are presented and a specific application using a linear model of a turbofan engine is considered. Results are presented showing the effects of integration step size and the number of processors on simulation accuracy. Real-time performance, inter-processor communication, and algorithm startup are also discussed.
Speedups of deterministic machines by synchronous parallel machines
Authors: Patrick W. Dymond, Martin Tompa
Venue: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1983)

This paper presents the new speedups DTIME(T) @@@@ ATIME(T/log T) and DTIME(T) @@@@ PRAM-Time(@@@@T). These improve the results of Hopcroft, Paul, and Valiant that DTIME(T) @@@@ DSPACE(T/log T), and of Paul and Reischuk that DTIME(T) @@@@ ATIME(T log log T/log T). The new approach unifies not only these two previous results, but also the result of Paterson and Valiant that Size(T) @@@@ Depth(O(T/log T)).
Selecting a successful director of EDP
Authors: Mark R. Bomball, Roland D. Spaniol
Venue: Proceedings of the thirteenth annual SIGCPR conference (1975)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics which seem to indicate successful performance by managers of computer installations. By studying many factors that were similar and dissimilar among directors of educational EDP installations, it was hoped that some variables would prove to be significant predictors of success for future candidates seeking such a position. It should be emphasized that the purpose of this paper was not to produce a &ldquo;cookbook recipe&rdquo;for selecting supervisory personnel. Rather, its purpose was to determine if some general guideline characteristics exist which would prove helpful in carrying out future selection processes and, if so, to identify these characteristics.
Modeling a weather environment
Authors: Christopher J. Green
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

The need to model environmental effects arises frequently as the depth and coverage of simulation studies increase. Many military and commercial operations are in some way affected by weather conditions. The addition of weather effects modeling enhances simulation studies of these kinds of operations. Weather and weather effects models have been successfully utilized in several recent simulation studies conducted by Convair division of General Dynamics. A mathematical formulation of weather conditions, the construction of two distinct kinds of weather models, the construction of a predictive mechanism, and the implementation of these concepts in GPSS/360 are presented.
Development of computing professionals
Authors: Fred A. Gluckson, Michael G. Flannery
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth annual SIGCPR conference (1972)

The responsibility for professionally developing the Data Processor can be attributed not only to the organization for which the computing specialist works but also to our educational systems, the aspiring DP professional himself, and to society. This paper will explore the employer's responsibility in developing the computing professional and, in particular, the steps that the National Bank of Detroit has taken in this direction.
A microprogrammed search controller for a text scanning processor
Authors: F. J. Burkowski
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (1980)

The objective of the research in this paper is the design of a non-numeric processor to be used in the scanning of textual information brought in from serial storage. Source text progresses through a linear array of 32 cells each cell capable of holding one character. With all cells operating in parallel, character subsequences in the source stream can be compared with character strings in any one of 16 registers associated with the cellular array. Various modules associated with the array are used to aid the query resolution process. The overall design emphasizes speed of execution and versatility of operation.
Technology design rules - a user's perspective
Authors: Thomas R. Reinke
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The interaction of IC design rules and CAD has several perspectives: the CAD developer strives to design &ldquo;technology independent&rdquo; software, the CAD support group wants software that is easy to modify for new technologies and changing design rules, the CAD user (designer) wants software that he can modify for technology changes. From a user's perspective existing CAD is already reasonably technology independent. Simulators require additions of new elements as technologies change, but the changes are infrequent. Existing physical design tools are generally generic, only techniques or technology tables need be altered as technologies change. The ability of existing CAD tools to react to changing IC technology is not optimum, but the current problems are workable and represent only a small portion of a typical custom IC development project.
Proposed curriculum for programs leading to teacher certification in computer science
Authors: Arthur Luerhmann, Cathleen Norris, Harriet Taylor, Robert Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on The fifth generation challenge (1984)

Would a school system allow a person with only an eight-grade education to become an English teacher? Would a self-taught math teacher be given full responsibility for the high school math program? The answers to these questions are obvious to everyone: to become a subject-matter specialist school teacher, one must demonstrate competency by fulfilling state certification requirements. Yet these same school systems, which have well-defined qualification standards for English teachers and math teachers, today often assign full responsibility for the computer studies/computer science program to teachers who are self-taught or whose formal training is equivalent to an eight-grade education in the subject.
State of the implementation of SARA
Authors: Robert I. Gardner
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design Automation and Microprocessors (1977)

The SARA design methodology consists of a structured design procedure together with a set of description and analysis tools. Originally the methodology was used manually, the designer interpreting the methodology's modeling languages, and the designer analyzing the modeled behavior of those systems by hand. However, during the past eighteen months some of the SARA description and analysis tools have been automated and fit into an interactive computer-based design system. The SARA design methodology is made up of two components: a structured procedure for designing digital systems, and a set of tools for modeling and analyzing the systems during their design. The design procedure is described in [GAR75], [EST77]. The SARA design procedure is not explicitly represented in the set of modeling/analysis tools. That is, there is not an automatic design driver that leads the human designer through a structured design and in turn calls on the appropriate design tools. Rather, the designer interprets the SARA design procedure and selects the use of the appropriate design tools himself.
SIGBDP (Paper Session)
Authors: Michael Stonebraker, Peter Rubinstein, Richard Conway, David Strip, H. Rex Hartson, David K. Hsiao
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

The data base of a corporation represents a vital tool for the success and growth of the enterprise, and its correct use is therefore of utmost importance. This session discusses some fundamental issues in the protection of information in shared data bases which are applicable to the data management systems of any business environment. The results presented are also useful for the implementation of some of the requirements of the Privacy Act of 1974.
The use of experimental design techniques in simulation
Authors: A. L. Frank
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

This paper describes the use of statistical experimental design techniques in simulation modeling.
Texture synthesis for digital painting
Authors: John-Peter Lewis
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

The problem of digital painting is considered from a signal processing viewpoint, and is reconsidered as a problem of directed texture synthesis. It is an important characteristic of natural texture that detail may be evident at many scales, and the detail at each scale may have distinct characteristics. A &ldquo;sparse convolution&rdquo; procedure for generating random textures with arbitrary spectral content is described. The capability of specifying the texture spectrum (and thus the amount of detail at each scale) is an improvement over stochastic texture synthesis processes which are scalebound or which have a prescribed 1/f spectrum. This spectral texture synthesis procedure provides the basis for a digital paint system which rivals the textural sophistication of traditional artistic media. Applications in terrain synthesis and texturing computer-rendered objects are also shown.
Using offline documentation online
Authors: Lynne A. Price
Venue: ACM SIGSOC Bulletin (1982)

Current interactive programs usually provide some form of online documentation in addition to the traditional hard-copy user's manual. To save the expense of writing two documents covering the same material, it is not uncommon to find offline manuals that are available interactively as well as printed versions of material originally organized for online use. Because of the difficulties inherent in using the same material in different ways, neither approach is totally satisfactory. The THUMB system minimizes these problems by structuring offline documentation for interactive use. An expert on a particular text (e.g., its author) prepares a detailed representation of the organization of material within the document. Once this data structure (which resembles a thorough table of contents and heavily cross-referenced index) is available, users access information free from the strictures of linear text, simple indices, and page numbers. The expert's task is nontrivial, but it requires less effort than writing a new document. Creation and revision of text are made easy by supportive utilities. THUMB monitors reader's requests in order to provide experts with feedback about a document's use. Readers need not be aware of THUMB's underlying data structure or the tools available for experts.