ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Automatic lip localization under face illumination with shadow consideration
Authors: Meng Li, Yiu-ming Cheung
Venue: Signal Processing (2009)

Lip-reading has potential attractive applications in information security, speech recognition, secret communication and so forth. To build an automatic lip-reading system, one key issue is how to locate the lip region, particularly under the changing illumination condition. Empirical studies have shown that the recognition rate of a lip-reading system greatly relies on the accuracy of the lip localization. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, lip localization under face illumination with shadow consideration has not been well solved yet. Moreover, this problem is also one of the major obstacles to keeping an automatic lip-reading system from the practical applications. This paper therefore concentrates on this problem and proposes a new approach to obtain the minimum enclosing rectangle surround of a mouth automatically based upon the transformed gray-level image. In this approach, a pre-processing is firstly made to reduce the interference caused by shadow and enhance the boundary region of lip, through which the left and right mouth corners are estimated. Then, by building a binary sequence based on the gray-level values along with the vertical midline of mouth, the top and bottom crucial points can be estimated. Experiments show the promising result of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing methods.
Visual Data Mining in Immersive Virtual Environment Based on 4K Stereo Images
Authors: Tetsuro Ogi, Yoshisuke Tateyama, So Sato
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

In this study, super high-definition immersive visual data mining environment using 4K stereo projector was developed. In this system, data can be represented with high accuracy in the three-dimensional space using the super high-definition stereo images, and the user can recognize the relation among several kinds of data by integrating them in the immersive environment using the plug-in function. This system was applied to the seismic data visualization and the effectiveness of this system was evaluated.
Considerate home notification systems: A user study of acceptability of notifications in a living-room laboratory
Authors: Martijn H. Vastenburg, David V. Keyson, Huib de Ridder
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2009)

Recent field experiments on acceptability of notifications in the home showed that people generally want to be informed of urgent messages as soon as possible, whereas non-urgent messages should not be presented at all. A possible way to improve the acceptability of a notification might be to adjust the presentation mode and the timing of notifications to the message content and to the state of the user. For example, acceptability might be improved by considering user activities when selecting the best time to present the message. The relation between acceptability, presentation mode and timing has not been formally studied in a controlled home setting before. This paper presents the results of a user study, in which 10 participant couples were asked to engage in everyday home activities, and to subjectively rate factors that were expected to influence acceptability. The study was situated in a living-room laboratory in which the user activities and the timing of notifications were controlled. Questionnaire data was evaluated using cluster analysis in order to construct a semantic model that describes the relationship between user, system and environment. The key findings in the present study are: (1) acceptability could be improved by adjusting the level of intrusiveness of the presentation to message urgency: urgent messages should be presented intrusively, medium-urgent messages unobtrusively, and (2) non-urgent messages should be postponed until the message urgency has increased, or skipped if the message urgency never exceeds the predefined presentation threshold. Surprisingly, the user activities at the time of notification were not found to influence acceptability. These findings have resulted in a model of acceptability of notifications for the design of future home notification systems.
On b-perfect Chordal Graphs
Authors: Fr&#x00e9;d&#x00e9;ric Maffray, Meriem Mechebbek
Venue: Graphs and Combinatorics (2009)

The b-chromatic number of a graph G is the largest integer k such that G has a coloring of the vertices in k color classes such that every color class contains a vertex that has a neighbour in all other color classes. We characterize the class of chordal graphs for which the b-chromatic number is equal to the chromatic number for every induced subgraph.
Uplink Resource Management Design in Multi-access Wireless Networks
Authors: Mira Yun, Timothy Kim, Yu Zhou, Amrinder Arora, Joseph Gomes, Hyeong-Ah Choi
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications (2009)

In this paper, we develop a new uplink resource management scheme in heterogeneous networking environments that support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). A common radio resource management (CRRM) model is utilized to handle uplink traffic in multi-access radio networks. To evaluate the effect and performance of CRRM, a simulation study is conducted on scenarios where different scheduling algorithms are applied with and without vertical handoffs through the aid of CRRM.
It's All Done with Mirrors: Calibration-and-Correspondence-Free 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Bo Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (2009)

We describe a 3-D object reconstruction method using a stationary camera anda planar mirror.No external calibration is required.The mirror providesthe extra views needed for a multiple-view reconstruction.We examine theimaging geometry of the camera-mirror setup and prove a theorem that givesus the constraints for computing the orientation of the mirror.Theconstraints are derived from the convex hull of the silhouettes of theimages of the object and its mirror reflection.The distance between themirror and the camera can be then obtained by a single object point or apair of points on the mirror.After the pose of the mirror isdetermined, we have multiple calibrated views of the object.We present areconstruction method customized for the special imaging geometry.
A Semiglobally Stable PD-I(PD) Regulator for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Bai-shun Liu, Fan-Cai Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

This paper deals with the position control of robot manipulators with uncertain payload. Proposed is a simple class of robot regulators consisting of a linear PD plus an integral action driven by PD controller. By using Lyapunov’s direct method and LaSalle’s invariance principle, the simple explicit conditions on the regulator gains to ensure semiglobal asymptotic stability are provided. The theoretical analysis andsimulation results show that: an attractive feature of our scheme is that PD-IPD controllerhas better flexibility and stronger robustness with respect to uncertain payload, and then the optimum response can be achieved by a set of control parameters in the whole control domain, even under the case that the payload is changed abruptly.
Towards an architecture for semiautonomous robot telecontrol systems
Authors: Gracian Trivino, Luis Mengual, Albert van der Heide
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2009)

The design and development of a computational system to support robot-operator collaboration is a challenging task, not only because of the overall system complexity, but furthermore because of the involvement of different technical and scientific disciplines, namely, Software Engineering, Psychology and Artificial Intelligence, among others. In our opinion the approach generally used to face this type of project is based on system architectures inherited from the development of autonomous robots and therefore fails to incorporate explicitly the role of the operator, i.e. these architectures lack a view that help the operator to see him/herself as an integral part of the system. The goal of this paper is to provide a human-centered paradigm that makes it possible to create this kind of view of the system architecture. This architectural description includes the definition of the role of operator and autonomous behaviour of the robot, it identifies the shared knowledge, and it helps the operator to see the robot as an intentional being as himself/herself.
An Improved Fast Correlation Attack on Stream Ciphers
Authors: Bin Zhang, Dengguo Feng
Venue: Selected Areas in Cryptography: 15th International Workshop, SAC 2008, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada, August 14-15, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

At Crypto'2000, Johansson and Jönsson proposed a fast correlation attack on stream ciphers based on the Goldreich-Rubinfeld-Sudan algorithm. In this paper we show that a combination of their approach with techniques for substituting keystream and evaluating parity-checks gives us the most efficient fast correlation attack known so far. An application of the new algorithm results in the first-known near-practical key recovery attack on the shrinking generator with the parameters suggested by Krawczyk in 1994, which was verified in the 40-bit data LFSR case for which the only previously known efficient attacks were distinguishing attacks.
A system for retargeting of streaming video
Authors: Philipp Krähenbühl, Manuel Lang, Alexander Hornung, Markus Gross
Venue: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) (2009)

We present a novel, integrated system for content-aware video retargeting. A simple and interactive framework combines key frame based constraint editing with numerous automatic algorithms for video analysis. This combination gives content producers high level control of the retargeting process. The central component of our framework is a non-uniform, pixel-accurate warp to the target resolution which considers automatic as well as interactively defined features. Automatic features comprise video saliency, edge preservation at the pixel resolution, and scene cut detection to enforce bilateral temporal coherence. Additional high level constraints can be added by the producer to guarantee a consistent scene composition across arbitrary output formats. For high quality video display we adopted a 2D version of EWA splatting eliminating aliasing artifacts known from previous work. Our method seamlessly integrates into postproduction and computes the reformatting in real-time. This allows us to retarget annotated video streams at a high quality to arbitary aspect ratios while retaining the intended cinematographic scene composition. For evaluation we conducted a user study which revealed a strong viewer preference for our method.
Quality Disclosure Formats in a Distribution Channel
Authors: Liang Guo
Venue: Management Science (2009)

Firms normally disclose quality information to consumers using two alternative formats: either directly to consumers or indirectly through downstream retailers. This study investigates optimal disclosure strategies/formats in a channel setting with bilateral monopolies. It shows that retail disclosure leads to more equilibrium information revelation. This is because the manufacturer can, through wholesale price cuts, partially absorb the retailer's effective disclosure cost and thus increase the retailer's incentive for disclosure. The conditions under which a particular disclosure format arises as the manufacturer's optimal choice are also examined. Even though direct disclosure is the ex post dominated option, the manufacturer may benefit from committing ex ante to the direct disclosure format when the cost of disclosure is sufficiently high.
A Heuristic Chaotic Neural Network: Candidate Model for Perception
Authors: Mehran Ahmadlou, Fahimeh Mamashli, M. Reza Hashemi Golpayegani
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 First International Conference on Complexity and Intelligence of the Artificial and Natural Complex Systems. Medical Applications of the Complex Systems. Biomedical Computing (2008)

In this paper a new Chaotic Neural Network (CNN) have been made. This network contains desired number of interacting units and each one has its own chaotic dynamic and strange attractor caused by creating convex hull among output units. Having a special interaction characteristic, the model is able to create enormous different chaotic behaviors. Lyapunov Exponent and phase space plane criteria have been used for demonstrating discrimination between behaviors. Making use of convex hull for trapping generated outputs of each unit in subsequent iteration, its folding characteristic and stretching property of logistic function, emerging of arbitrary number of various strange attractors have been accomplished. Therefore, based on desired criterion, this network is able to assign each strange attractor to each sensory input. In other words the network has the ability of being a candidate for modeling perception.
The impact of incomplete knowledge on evaluation
Authors: Curtis Huttenhower, Matthew A. Hibbs, Chad L. Myers, Amy A. Caudy, David C. Hess, Olga G. Troyanskaya
Venue: Bioinformatics (2009)

Motivation: Rapidly expanding repositories of highly informative genomic data have generated increasing interest in methods for protein function prediction and inference of biological networks. The successful application of supervised machine learning to these tasks requires a gold standard for protein function: a trusted set of correct examples, which can be used to assess performance through cross-validation or other statistical approaches. Since gene annotation is incomplete for even the best studied model organisms, the biological reliability of such evaluations may be called into question. Results: We address this concern by constructing and analyzing an experimentally based gold standard through comprehensive validation of protein function predictions for mitochondrion biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, we determine that (i) current machine learning approaches are able to generalize and predict novel biology from an incomplete gold standard and (ii) incomplete functional annotations adversely affect the evaluation of machine learning performance. While computational approaches performed better than predicted in the face of incomplete data, relative comparison of competing approaches—even those employing the same training data—is problematic with a sparse gold standard. Incomplete knowledge causes individual methods' performances to be differentially underestimated, resulting in misleading performance evaluations. We provide a benchmark gold standard for yeast mitochondria to complement current databases and an analysis of our experimental results in the hopes of mitigating these effects in future comparative evaluations. Availability: The mitochondrial benchmark gold standard, as well as experimental results and additional data, is available at http://function.princeton.edu/mitochondria Contact: ogt@cs.princeton.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phased Scene Change Detection in Ubiquitous Environments
Authors: Seong-Yoon Shin, Ji-Hyun Lee, Sang-Joon Park, Jong-Chan Lee, Seong-Bae Pyo, Yang-Won Rhee
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part I (2009)

In a ubiquitous environment, video transfer is very important. In particular, transferring of selected video clips obtained through scene change detection is more important than transferring an entire video. In this paper, inter-frame difference values are first computed through combining the ¿ 2 histogram with the color histogram, as well as normalization. Next, key frames for a cluster are determined through distance clustering and K-mean clustering. Lastly, key frames for a group are determined through a likelihood ratio. According to our experiments, the proposed method surpassed other methods in its ability to detect scene changes due to the use of three steps: difference value calculation, clustering, and key frame extraction.
KSRQuerying: XML Keyword with Recursive Querying
Authors: Kamal Taha, Ramez Elmasri
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International XML Database Symposium on Database and XML Technologies (2009)

We propose an XML search engine called KSRQuerying. The search engine employs recursive querying techniques, which allows a query to query the results of a previous application of itself or of another query. It answers recursive queries, keyword-based queries, and loosely structured queries. KSRQuerying uses a sort-merge algorithm, which selects subsets from the set of nodes containing keywords, where each subset contains the smallest number of nodes that: (1) are closely related to each other, and (2) contain at least one occurrence of each keyword. We experimentally evaluated the quality and efficiency of KSRQuerying and compared it with 3 systems: XSeek, Schema-Free XQuery, and XKSearch.
The Design and Realization of Unicode Based Minorities Character Online Processing System
Authors: Kurban Ubul, Askar Hamdulla, Winira Musajan, Abdiryim Raxidin, Patigul Mamat
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Eigth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (2009)

In this paper, online processing technique of minority scripts such as Uyghur, Kazak, Kirgiz (hereafter:UKK) etc based on B-S model is discussed in details taking Uyghur as an example. And a reasonable method for displaying online processing and auto type selection is designed.Inputting and displaying techniques of the minority scripts with Unicode have been realized. This system is software which can be generally used, and developed with JavaScript. User can use it any web pages to input UKK characters without local inputting method.
A convergent reinforcement learning algorithm in the continuous case based on a finite difference method
Authors: Remi Munos
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2 (1997)

In this paper, we propose a convergent Reinforcement Learning algorithm for solving optimal control problems for which the state space and the time are continuous variables. The problem of computing a good approximation of the value function, which is essential because this provides the optimal control, is a difficult task in the continuous case. Indeed, as it has been pointed out by several authors, the use of parameterized functions such as neural networks for approximating the value function may produce very bad results and even diverge. In fact, we show that classical algorithms, like Q-learning, used with a simple look-up table built on a regular grid, may fail to converge. The main reason is that the discretization of the state space implies a lost of the Markov property even for deterministic continuous processes. We propose to approximate the value function with a convergent numerical scheme based on a Finite Difference approximation of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Then we present a model-free reinforcement learning algorithrn, called Finite Difference Reinforcement Learning, and prove its convergence to the value function of the continuous problem.
Block attractor in spatially organized neural networks
Authors: Mario González, David Dominguez, Francisco B. Rodríguez
Venue: Neurocomputing (2009)

The model of attractor neural network on the small-world topology (local and random connectivity) is investigated. The synaptic weights are random, driving the network towards a disordered state for the neural activity. An ordered macroscopic neural state is induced by a bias in the network weight connections, and the network evolution when initialized in blocks of positive/negative activity is studied. The retrieval of the block-like structure is investigated. An application to the Hebbian learning of a pattern, carrying local information, is presented. The block and the global attractor compete according to the initial conditions and the change of stability from one to the other depends on the long-range character of the network connectivity, as shown with a flow-diagram analysis. Moreover, a larger number of blocks emerges with the network dilution.
Multidimensional Analytics: Delivered With Infosphere Warehouse Cubing Services
Venue:  (2009)

In this IBM Redbooks publication, we discuss and describe a multidimensional data warehousing infrastructure that can enable solutions for complex problems in an efficient and effective manner. The focus of this infrastructure is the InfoSphere Warehouse Cubing Services Feature. With this feature, DB2 becomes the data store for large volumes of data that you can use to perform multidimensional analysis, which enables viewing complex problems from multiple perspectives, which provides more information for management business decision making. This feature supports analytic tool interfaces from powerful data analysis tools, such as Cognos 8 BI, Microsoft Excel, and Alphablox. This is a significant capability that supports and enhances the analytics that clients use as they work to resolve problems with an ever growing scope, dimension, and complexity. Analyzing problems by performing more detailed queries on the data and viewing the results from multiple perspectives yields significantly more information and insight. Building multidimensional cubes based on underlying DB2 relational tables, without having to move or replicate the data, enables significantly more powerful data analysis with less work and leads to faster problem resolution with the capability for more informed management decision making. This capability is known as No Copy Analytics and is made possible with InfoSphere Warehouse Cubing Services. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Constructing the face-to-face collaborative game-based interacted environment for portable devices in English vocabulary acquisition
Authors: Hui-Chun Hung, Shelley Shwu-Ching Young, Chiu-Pin Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1 (2009)

This study is aimed to develop a face-to-face collaborative English vocabulary acquisition game system on portable devices, called Wireless Crossword Fan-Tan Game (WiCFG). One class of 32 primary school students in Taiwan participated in this study. Students' learning outcome, motivation, and attitude were collected and analyzed. In their small group interaction, we analyzed and generalized three interaction modes: "Face-to-face interaction", "Device-media interaction" and "Human-device interaction". Significantly, a "face-to-face portable-device-mediated interaction module" was proposed. The preliminary research findings indicate that adopting the WiCFG could improve the learning outcome of lower-achievement learners. Using the WiCFG had positive enhancements of learning motivation and engagement. In the group observation, using the WiCFG improved learners more interdependent in group collaborative learning and was generally well-received by the English teacher and the students.