ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Intelligent simulation-based lot scheduling of photolithography toolsets in a wafer fabrication facility
Authors: Amr Arisha, Paul Young
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

Scheduling of a semiconductor manufacturing facility is one of the most complex tasks encountered. Confronted with a high technology product market, semiconductor manufacturing is increasingly more dynamic and competitive in the introduction of new products in shorter time intervals. Photolithography, being one of the processes repeated often, is a fabrication bottleneck. Lot scheduling within photolithography is a challenging activity where substantial improvements in factory performance can be made. The proposed scheduling methodology integrates two common approaches, simulation and artificial intelligence. Using detailed simulation modeling within a structured modeling method, a comprehensive model to characterize the photolithography process was developed. An artificial intelligence scheduler was then developed and integrated with the model with the goal of reducing Work-In-Process (WIP), setup time, and throughput time. The results have shown a significant improvement in lot cycle time as well as tool utilization, improved the throughput time by an average of 15% and is currently in use for scheduling the photolithography process.
Region-based representations for face recognition
Authors: Benjamin J. Balas, Pawan Sinha
Venue: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) (2006)

Face recognition is one of the most important applied aspects of visual perception. To create an automated face-recognition system, the fundamental challenge is that of finding useful features. In this paper, we suggest a new class of image features that may be a useful addition to the set of representational tools for face-recognition tasks. Our proposal is motivated by the observation that rather than relying exclusively on traditional edge-based image representations, it may be useful to also employ region-based strategies that can compare noncontiguous image regions. The spatial homogeneity within regions allows for enhanced tolerance to geometric distortions and greater freedom in the choice of sample points. We first show that under certain circumstances, comparisons between spatially disjoint image regions are, on average, more valuable for recognition than features that measure local contrast. Second, we learn &ldquo;optimal&rdquo; sets of region comparisons for recognizing faces across varying pose and illumination. We propose a representational primitive---the dissociated dipole---that permits an integration of edge-based and region-based representations. This primitive is then evaluated using the FERET database of face images and then compared to established local and global algorithms.
Stability analysis of a single inductor dual switching dc-dc converter
Authors: L. Benadero, R. Giral, A. El Aroudi, J. Calvente
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2006)

This paper deals with the analysis of a single inductor switching dc-dc power electronics converter which is used to regulate two, in general non-symmetric, positive and negative outputs. A PWM control with a double PI feedback loop is used for the regulation of both output voltages. The steady state properties of this converter are first discussed and then stability is studied in terms of both power stage and control parameters.
Towards a Grid of Sensors for Telemedicine
Authors: Carlos Oberdan Rolim, Fernando Luis Koch, Marcos Assuncao, Carlos Becker Westphall
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

In this article, we describe a grid of sensors to collect patients' vital data and to allow real time monitoring of patients in heath-care centres. We analyse the problem scenario and identify the components involved towards the construction of an integrated and homogeneous management system. Finally, we present a case study to demonstrate the applicability of our approach.
Improved Bitmap Indexing Strategy for Data Warehouses
Authors: Navneet Goyal, Susheel Kumar Zaveri, Yashvardhan Sharma
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology (2006)

Improving the query performance is critical in Data Warehousing and Decision Support systems. A lot of methods have been proposed by various researches. Indexing the Data Warehouse is a common but effective technique. Bitmap indices play a very important role in improving query performance in Data Warehousing and Decision Support systems. In this paper we present a new bitmap indexing strategy that can be applied to any existing bitmap compression schemes that are based on run length encoding. The new strategy, in most cases, requires less space and provides performance gains as well. The new strategy is tested on two commonly used bitmap compression schemes namely, Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH) and Byte-Aligned Bitmap Code (BBC) and results are presented graphically. The proposed strategy simply sorts the field on which a bitmap is to be created. Sorting of the field ensures long runs of ones and zeros. These long runs of ones and zeros are desirable for any compression scheme that is based on run length encoding and its variants. The space required to store the bitmap indexes goes down dramatically. The effect of sorting on query response time is studied for equality and range queries and it is found that there is a considerable decrease in the response time of queries. The overheads associated with the proposed strategy are sorting a table on a particular field and maintaining a sorted table. These extra tasks could be easily performed during the ETL process or when the Data Warehouse is offline. The new strategy concentrates on reducing space requirement for the bitmap index and the response time of queries and achieves both objectives without incurring any processing overheads when the Data Warehouse is online.
Deployment analysis in underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks
Authors: Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia, Ian F. Akyildiz
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks (2006)

In this paper, different deployment strategies for two-dimensional and three-dimensional communication architectures for UnderWater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) are proposed, and statistical deployment analysis for both architectures is provided. The objectives of this paper are to determine the minimum number of sensors needed to be deployed to achieve the optimal sensing and communication coverage, which are dictated by the application; provide guidelines on how to choose the optimal deployment surface area, given a target region; study the robustness of the sensor network to node failures, and provide an estimate of the number of redundant sensors to be deployed to compensate for possible failures.
Practical Application of FDC in Software Service Pricing
Authors: Yan Zheng, Wei Sun, Zhongbo Jiang, Rongzeng Cao, Kuo Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

This paper proposes a modified Fully Distributed Cost (FDC) pricing method with third-degree price discrimination for software service. The method is a feasible and simple method to be used in practice. The pricing process is generalized as involving data collection, strategy analysis and strategy establishment. Then a practical SCM software service pricing in retail industry is described.
Spatial Weighting for Bag-of-Features
Authors: Marcin Marszaek, Cordelia Schmid
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

This paper presents an extension to category classification with bag-of-features, which represents an image as an orderless distribution of features. We propose a method to exploit spatial relations between features by utilizing object boundaries provided during supervised training. We boost the weights of features that agree on the position and shape of the object and suppress the weights of background features, hence the name of our method - "spatial weighting". The proposed representation is thus richer and more robust to background clutter. Experimental results show that our approach improves the results of one of the best current image classification techniques. Furthermore, we propose to apply the spatial model to object localization. Initial results are promising.
MIRO: multi-path interdomain routing
Authors: Wen Xu, Jennifer Rexford
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications (2006)

The Internet consists of thousands of independent domains with different, and sometimes competing, business interests. However, the current interdomain routing protocol (BGP) limits each router to using a single route for each destination prefix, which may not satisfy the diverse requirements of end users. Recent proposals for source routing offer an alternative where end hosts or edge routers select the end-to-end paths. However, source routing leaves transit domains with very little control and introduces difficult scalability and security challenges. In this paper, we present a multi-path inter-domain routing protocol called MIRO that offers substantial flexiility, while giving transit domains control over the flow of traffic through their infrastructure and avoiding state explosion in disseminating reachability information. In MIRO, routers learn default routes through the existing BGP protocol, and arbitrary pairs of domains can negotiate the use of additional paths (bound to tunnels in the data plane) tailored to their special needs. MIRO retains the simplicity of BGP for most traffic, and remains backwards compatible with BGP to allow for incremental deployability. Experiments with Internet topology and routing data illustrate that MIRO offers tremendous flexibility for path selection with reasonable overhead.
The existence of atomic-like states of silicon in siloxanic networks: A DFT approach
Authors: G. Giorgi, P. Belanzoni, G. F. Cerofolini, A. Sgamellotti
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

In this paper, we intend to demonstrate the possible presence of atomic-silicon cryptates in siloxanic networks by using a density functional approach. Since model molecules have been employed to model the candidate sites to host atomic silicon, we found that metastable adducts can be formed only in regions where the siloxanic network is not subjected to steric constraints; differently, stationary states are unstable in highly reticulated siloxanic networks. Our conclusions reveal that Si atom is kept at the surface in atomic-like configuration by @s charge donation from oxo-oxygen atoms into the empty Si p"@s orbital and by @p charge back-donation from singly occupied Si 3p"@p orbitals into empty @s* model molecule orbitals.
Emergence of Information Processor Using Real World--Real-Time Learning of Pursuit Problem
Authors: Hiroyuki Fujii, Kazuyuki Ito, Akio Gofuku
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

Real-time reinforcement learning is difficult because number of trials is too much to complete learning within limited time. To solve the problem, we consider reduction of action-state space by information processor using real world without prior knowledge. We obtain the information processor in evolution by setting the fitness as ease of learning. As a typical example, we address pursuit problem in which dynamics is regarded. As a result, the processor has been obtained in evolution and agent has learned in real-time.
ASR for emotional speech: Clarifying the issues and enhancing performance
Authors: T. Athanaselis, S. Bakamidis, I. Dologlou, R. Cowie, E. Douglas-Cowie, C. Cox
Venue: Neural Networks (2005)

There are multiple reasons to expect that recognising the verbal content of emotional speech will be a difficult problem, and recognition rates reported in the literature are in fact low. Including information about prosody improves recognition rate for emotions simulated by actors, but its relevance to the freer patterns of spontaneous speech is unproven. This paper shows that recognition rate for spontaneous emotionally coloured speech can be improved by using a language model based on increased representation of emotional utterances. The models are derived by adapting an already existing corpus, the British National Corpus (BNC). An emotional lexicon is used to identify emotionally coloured words, and sentences containing these words are recombined with the BNC to form a corpus with a raised proportion of emotional material. Using a language model based on that technique improves recognition rate by about 20%.
Modeling Intrusion Detection System by Discovering Association Rule in Rough Set Theory Framework
Authors: Wang Xuren, He Famei, Xu Rongsheng
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

In Intrusion Detection Systems, many intelligent information processing methods, data miming technology and so on have been applied to generating attack signatures automatically, updating signatures easily and improving detection accuracy with ultra data set. This paper presents an improved association rule discovering system under rough set theory framework of modeling IDSs. The system makes association rule applicable in classifying fields. The system exploits data reductions, rule selection, feature selection to improve detection accuracy and reduce false alarm and unreal alarm. Empirical results illustrate that the intrusion detection model can detect intrusion accurately.
A generic virtual reality software system's architecture and application
Authors: Frank Steinicke, Timo Ropinski, Klaus Hinrichs
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence (2005)

Virtual reality (VR) systems utilize additional input and output channels in order to make interaction in virtual environments (VEs) more intuitive and to increase the user's immersion into the virtual world. When developing VR applications, developers should be able to focus on modeling advanced interaction and system behavior instead of rendering issues. Many systems and tools for developing virtual reality applications have been proposed to achieve this goal. However, no de facto standard is available. In this paper we present Virtual Reality VRS (VR2S), a generic VR software system, which is an extension of the high-level rendering system VRS. The system provides flexibility in terms of the rendering system and the user interface toolkit. Thus, with using VR2S rendering can be performed with several low-level rendering APIs such as OpenGL, Render-Man or ray-tracing systems, and the interface can be implemented by arbitrary user interface toolkits to support both desktop- and VR-based interaction. The proposed system meets the demands of VR developers as well as users and has demonstrated its potential in different planning and exploration applications.
Differential participation during science conversations: the interaction of display artifacts, social configuration, and physical arrangements
Authors: Wolff-Michael Roth, Michelle K. McGinn
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

This study was designed to investigate how different combinations of artifacts, social configurations, and physical arrangements give rise to different content and form of classroom discourse. Over a 4-month period, we collected data (videotaped activities, interviews, ethnographic observation, artifacts, and photographs) in a Grade 6/7 science class studying a unit on simple machines. This study describes how different artifacts, social configurations, and physical arrangements lead to different interactional spaces and participant roles, and, concomitantly, to different levels of participation in classroom conversations. The artifacts had important functions in the maintenance and sequence of the conversations. Depending on the situation and the role of participants, artifacts served as resources for students' sense making. Each of the different activity structures supported different dimensions of participating in conversations and, for this reason, we conclude that science educators teaching large classes should employ a mixture of these activity structures.
Challenges in Preserving Location Privacy in Peer-to-Peer Environments
Authors: Mohamed F. Mokbel, Chi-Yin Chow
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Web-Age Information Management Workshops (2006)

In location-based services (LBS), users have to continuously report their locations to the database server to entertain the service. For example, a user asking about her nearest gas station has to report her exact location to the database server. With untrustworthy servers, LBS may pose a major privacy threat on its users. In other words, the existing model of LBS trades service for user privacy. To tackle this privacy threat, several centralized privacy-preserving frameworks are proposed for LBS, in which a third trusted party is used as a middleware to blur user exact locations into spatial regions, in order to achieve k-anonymity, i.e., a user is indistinguishable among other k - 1 users. However, the centralized third trusted party could be the system bottleneck or single point of failure. The state-of-the-art peer-to-peer (P2P) communication technology adds a new dimension to the privacy-preserving techniques in LBS. The users holding P2P communication devices possess the ability to collaborate with one another to blur their exact locations into spatial regions without any help from centralized third trusted parties. In this paper, we present the challenges and research issues that emerge from deploying the P2P privacy-preserving framework in LBS.
A Novel Method for Constructing Phylogenetic Tree Based on 3D Graphical Representation
Authors: Jiawei Luo, Xizhen Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

A novel method based on the 3D graphical representation of gene sequences [B. Liao, J. Mol. Struct.: Theochem.717 (2005) 199-203.] is proposed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of different genomes. From the 3D curve, we can get a new invariant to characterize the sequences data, then, the evolutionary distances are obtained. An effective method based on the Minimum Spanning Tree is used to construct phylogenetic tree. The evolution and phylogenetic relationship of eight HA (H5N1) genomes of different avian influenza virus illustrate the utility of our approach.
Time delay estimation and signal reconstruction using multi-rate measurements
Authors: O. Jahromi, P. Aarabi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This paper considers the problem of fusing two low-rate sensors (e.g., microphones) for reconstructing one high-resolution signal when time delay of arrival (TDOA) is present as well. We show that under certain conditions the phase of the cross-spectrum-density of low-rate measurements becomes independent of the signal in the high-rate front end of the system. We then utilize this fact to demonstrate that it is possible to extend a class of TDOA estimation techniques known as the generalized cross correlation technique to linear-phase multi-rate sensor systems. Finally, we illustrate how the combination of the theory of linear-phase multi-rate filter banks and TDOA estimation can result in a practical, multi-sensor signal reconstruction system.
Probabilistic Fusion of Stereo with Color and Contrast for Bilayer Segmentation
Authors: Vladimir Kolmogorov, Antonio Criminisi Andrew Blake
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2006)

This paper describes models and algorithms for the real-time segmentation of foreground from background layers in stereo video sequences. Automatic separation of layers from color/contrast or from stereo alone is known to be error-prone. Here, color, contrast, and stereo matching information are fused to infer layers accurately and efficiently. The first algorithm, Layered Dynamic Programming (LDP), solves stereo in an extended six-state space that represents both foreground/background layers and occluded regions. The stereo-match likelihood is then fused with a contrast-sensitive color model that is learned on-the-fly and stereo disparities are obtained by dynamic programming. The second algorithm, Layered Graph Cut (LGC), does not directly solve stereo. Instead, the stereo match likelihood is marginalized over disparities to evaluate foreground and background hypotheses and then fused with a contrast-sensitive color model like the one used in LDP. Segmentation is solved efficiently by ternary graph cut. Both algorithms are evaluated with respect to ground truth data and found to have similar performance, substantially better than either stereo or color/contrast alone. However, their characteristics with respect to computational efficiency are rather different. The algorithms are demonstrated in the application of background substitution and shown to give good quality composite video output.
Towards Organic Sensing System-First Measurement Result of Self-x Sensor Signal Amplifier
Authors: Senthil Kumar Lakshmanan, Peter Tawdross, Andreas Konig
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

The adaptation and robust sensing capabilities of living organisms remains envy to engineers. Numerous research efforts have been started to mimic these capabilities of living beings such as self-configuration, self-diagnosis and self-healing etc., and exploit them in technical devices, systems, and appliances. Ubiquitous embedded systems comprises of indispensable analog and mixed-signal component for sensor and actuator interfacing. The regarded sensor electronics are vulnerable to numerous static and dynamic influences, mismatches and to substrate noise. Specific generic cells for sensor amplifiers and analog/mixed-signal arrays are regarded in our work, which can be configured and changed/repaired under the control of an optimisation technique based on swarm intelligence. The approach targets on yielding fast, flexible, adaptive HW/SW platform supporting rapid prototyping and maintaining quality. The first chip design of a reconfigurable sensor signal amplifier has been tested by extrinsically generated PSO based configurations. The embedded system architecture and the measured results will be presented and an outlook on intrinsic system design will be given.
Abstract canonical presentations
Authors: Nachum Dershowitz, Claude Kirchner
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2006)

Solving goals--like proving properties, deciding word problems or resolving constraints--is much easier with some presentations of the underlying theory than with others. Typically, what have been called "completion processes", in particular in the study of equational logic, involve finding appropriate presentations of a given theory to more easily solve a given class of problems.We provide a general proof-theoretic setting that relies directly on the fundamental concept of "good", that is, normal-form, proofs, itself defined using well-founded orderings on proof objects. This foundational framework allows for abstract definitions of canonical presentations and very general characterizations of saturation and redundancy criteria.