ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Routing and Admission Control in High-Volume Service Systems: Asymptotic Analysis via Multi-Scale Fluid Limits
Authors: Achal Bassamboo, J. Michael Harrison, Assaf Zeevi
Venue: Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (2005)

Motivated by applications in telephone call centers, we consider a service system model with m customer classes and r server pools. The model is one with doubly stochastic arrivals, which means that the m-vector ¿ of instantaneous arrival rates is allowed to vary both temporally and stochastically. Two levels of dynamic control are considered: customers may be either blocked or accepted at the time of their arrival, and then accepted customers of each class must be routed, either immediately upon acceptance or after some period of waiting, to a server pool that is qualified to handle that class. Customers who are made to wait before commencement of their service are liable to defect. The objective is to minimize the expected sum of blocking costs, waiting costs and defection costs over a fixed and finite planning horizon. We consider an asymptotic parameter regime in which (i) the arrival rates, service rates and defection rates are uniformly accelerated by a large factor ¿, then (ii) arrival rates are increased by an additional factor g(¿), and the number of servers in each pool is increased by g(¿) as well. This produces a separation of time scales, justifying a pointwise stationary stochastic fluid approximation for our original system model. In the stochastic fluid approximation, optimal admission control and routing decisions are determined by a simple linear program that uses the current arrival rate vector ¿ as data. We explain how to implement the fluid model's optimal control policy in our original service system context, and prove that the proposed implementation is asymptotically optimal in the first-order sense.
Providing Test Quality Feedback Using Static Source Code and Automatic Test Suite Metrics
Authors: Nachiappan Nagappan, Laurie Williams, Jason Osborne, Mladen Vouk, Pekka Abrahamsson
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2005)

A classic question in software development is "How much testing is enough?" Aside from dynamic coverage-based metrics, there are few measures that can be used to provide guidance on the quality of an automatic test suite as development proceeds. This paper utilizes the Software Testing and Reliability Early Warning (STREW) static metric suite to provide a developer with indications of changes and additions to their automated unit test suite and code for added confidence that product quality will be high. Retrospective case studies to assess the utility of using the STREW metrics as a feedback mechanism were performed in academic, open source and industrial environments. The results indicate at statistically significant levels the ability of the STREW metrics to provide feedback on important attributes of an automatic test suite and corresponding code.
PRISM and ENES: a European approach to Earth system modelling
Authors: Sophie Valcke, Eric Guilyardi, Claes Larsson
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2006)

Europe's widely distributed climate modelling expertise, now organized in the European Network for Earth System Modelling (ENES), is both a strength and a challenge. Recognizing this, the European Union's Program for Integrated Earth System Modelling (PRISM) infrastructure project aims at designing a flexible and friendly user environment to assemble, run and post-process Earth System models. PRISM was started in December 2001 with a duration of three years.This paper presents the major stages of PRISM, including: [(1)] the definition and promotion of scientific and technical standards to increase component modularity; [(2)] the development of an end-to-end software environment (graphical user interface, coupling and I&#x002F;O system, diagnostics, visualization) to launch, monitor and analyse complex Earth system models built around state-of-art community component models (atmosphere, ocean, atmospheric chemistry, ocean bio-chemistry, sea-ice, land-surface); and [(3)] testing and quality standards to ensure high-performance computing performance on a variety of platforms. PRISM is emerging as a core strategic software infrastructure for building the European research area in Earth system sciences. Copyright &copy; 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Replay Attack in TCG Specification and Solution
Authors: Danilo Bruschi, Lorenzo Cavallaro, Andrea Lanzi, Mattia Monga
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2005)

We prove the existence of a flaw which we individuated in the design of the Object-Independent Authorization Protocol (OIAP), which represents one of the building blocks of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM), the core of the Trusted Computing Platforms (TPs) as devised by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) standards. In particular, we prove, also with the support of a model checker, that the protocol is exposed to replay attacks, which could be used for compromising the correct behavior of a TP. We also propose a countermeasure to undertake in order to avoid such an attack as well as any replay attacks to the aforementioned protocol.
Semi-Custom Design of Adiabatic Adder Circuits
Authors: V. S. Kanchana Bhaaskaran, S. Salivahanan, D. S. Emmanuel
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (2006)

The paper presents the design, evaluation and performance comparison of cell based, low power adiabatic adder circuits operated by two-phase sinusoidal power clock signals, as against the literatures providing the operation of various adiabatic circuits, focusing on inverter circuits and logic gates, powered by ramp, three phase and four phase clock signals. The cells are designed for the quasi-adiabatic families, namely, 2N2P, 2N2N2P, PFAL, ADSL and IPGL for configuring complex adder circuits. A family of adiabatic cell based designs for carry lookahead adders and tree adders were designed. The simulations prove that the cell based design of tree adder circuits can save energy ranging from 2 to 100 over a frequency range of operation of 2MHz to 200MHz against the static CMOS circuit implementation. The Schematic Edit and T-Spice of Tanner tools formed the simulation environment.
Visualization-based analysis of quality for large-scale software systems
Authors: Guillaume Langelier, Houari Sahraoui, Pierre Poulin
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

We propose an approach for complex software analysis based on visualization. Our work is motivated by the fact that in spite of years of research and practice, software development and maintenance are still time and resource consuming, and high-risk activities. The most important reason in our opinion is the complexity of many phenomena related to software, such as its evolution and its reliability. In fact, there is very little theory explaining them. Today, we have a unique opportunity to empirically study these phenomena, thanks to large sets of software data available through open-source programs and open repositories. Automatic analysis techniques, such as statistics and machine learning, are usually limited when studying phenomena with unknown or poorly-understood influence factors. We claim that hybrid techniques that combine automatic analysis with human expertise through visualization are excellent alternatives to them. In this paper, we propose a visualization framework that supports quality analysis of large-scale software systems. We circumvent the problem of size by exploiting perception capabilities of the human visual system.
Counting boulders and measuring mountains
Authors: Phillip G. Armour
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2006)

Accuracy and the measurement of peaks and projects.
Theoretical framework and physical measurements of surface and subsurface light scattering from material surfaces
Authors: Kenneth E. Torrance
Venue:  (2005)

This thesis aims to improve fidelity of realistic synthesized images by providing practical solutions for simulating the surface and subsurface light scattering phenomena. The solutions achieve a good balance between the physical correctness and the computational cost, and are verified against light scattering measurements carried out as part of the thesis. The proposed theoretical framework includes: (1) A BRDF model for simulating first surface reflections; (2) A BRDF model for simulating local subsurface scattering; (3) A hybrid method for simulating volumetric subsurface scattering.The first BRDF model accounts for first-surface reflections. The model combines highly-efficient wave optics components and rigorous empirical components. Consequently, the accuracy and generality of the model are comparable to those of the wave-optics model; while its computational cost is much lower. The model correctly predicts various light scattering phenomena and applies for to a wide range of materials and surface finishes. The second BRDF model accounts for local subsurface scattering that shows no volumetric effect. The model describes the non-directional and directional subsurface scattering with physically-plausible mathematical constructions. The angular dependence of transmission and the directionality of the subsurface light transport are taken into consideration. Both BRDF models compare favorably against extensive, detailed reflectance measurements that were carried out as part of this thesis. The models are analytic and suitable for practical Computer Graphics applications. Benchmark timings are comparable with that of current less comprehensive models (Lafortune, Ward, and Cook-Torrance models). The proposed hybrid method is a flexible approach that efficiently simulates the appearance of a wide range of participating media, which are not well handled by currently available methods. The method combines the Monte Carlo technique and the dipole diffuse approximation. The first several scattering events inside the volume are critical for rendering, especially for highly-curved or optically-thin materials, and can only be well simulated by a pure Monte Carlo method. The contribution of the subsequent scattering events, which may not always exist, can be approximated by the dipole diffusion approximation with acceptable accuracy. While the accuracy of the hybrid method is comparable to a pure Monte Carlo method, its efficiency is much higher.
Patterns of modelling: towards a conceptual basis for discrete event simulation
Authors: Wolfgang Kreutzer
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1980)

Success of any standardization effort is highly sensitive to user acceptance and satisfaction. Conceptual simplicity, congruence, power, transparency, flexibility and interpretative efficiency of modelling methodologies and their processor systems are at least partially conflicting goals between which suitable tradeoffs have to be made.Solutions to this problem will neither be found through excessive generality nor a proliferation of weakly related special purpose concepts, but by a reliable approach towards engineering of complex systems relative to a secure and powerfull conceptual basis.This paper argues in favour of spectra of high-level, user-oriented modelling interfaces built on top of a hierarchically extended base language. A brief outline of cognitive structures in problem solving and discrete event simulation serves to support the subsequent discussion of basic conceptual and notational abstractions and their mapping into implementation structures.Some final remarks on costs and benefits of instrumental congruences and the impact of technological developments on price/performance tradeoffs between information processing system components serve to underline the recommendations.
Real-Time Quantitative Bronchoscopy
Authors: Simon Wilson, Brian Lovell, Anne Chang, Brent Masters
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing on Techniques and Applications (2005)

The determination of motion within a sequence of images remains one of the fundamental problems in computer vision after more than 30 years of research. Despite this work, there have been relatively few application of these techniques to practical problems outside the fields of robotics and video encoding. In this paper, we present the continuing work to apply optical flow and egomotion recovery to the problem of measuring and navigating through the airway using a bronchoscope during a standard procedure, without the need for any additional data, localization systems or other external components. The current implementation uses a number of techniques to provide a range of numerical measurements and estimations to physicians in real time, using standard computer hardware.
A peer-to-peer network for live media streaming using a push-pull approach
Authors: Meng Zhang, Jian-Guang Luo, Li Zhao, Shi-Qiang Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

In this paper, we present an unstructured peer-to-peer network called GridMedia for live media streaming employing a push-pull approach. Each node in GridMedia randomly selects its neighbors in the overlay and uses push-pull method to fetch data from the neighbors. The pull mode in the unstructured overlay which is inherently robust can work well with the high churn rate in P2P environment while the push mode can efficiently reduce the accumulated latency observed at user nodes. A practical system based on this framework has been developed. And the performance evaluation of our system which is established on PlanetLab [8] demonstrates that the pull-push method in GridMedia achieves good qualities even in high group change rate. Furthermore, our system was adopted by CCTV to broadcast the Gala Evening for Spring Festival 2005 through the Internet and attracted more than 500,000 users all over the world at that night with the incredibly maximum concurrent users of 15,239.
Network state estimation via passive traffic monitoring
Authors: Ryan Lance
Venue:  (2005)

We propose to study computer network traffic as a dynamical system, with the intent of determining how predictable the traffic is over short time scales. We will use passive measurements from high capacity links, so that we may investigate traffic that consists of many diverse component flows. To study network traffic as a dynamical system one must first have a concept of what variables compose the state space. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) regulates the dynamics of flows through two primary variables, the round-trip time and congestion window. These are obvious choices for the state variables, but they are not recorded in the passive measurements. Our main contributions in this dissertation are two algorithms that estimate round-trip times and congestion windows, and an auxiliary algorithm that determines flow orientation. We provide several validation tests for the algorithms, and use the results of the algorithms to infer the level of congestion in the measurements we use.
Art and technology in interface devices
Authors: Hiroo Iwata
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2005)

This paper presents work carried out for a project to develop interface devices for haptics that includes finger/hand manipulation, locomotion. It is well known that sense of touch is inevitable for understanding the real world. The last decade has seen significant advance in development of haptic interface. However, methods for implementation of haptic devices are still in try-and-error. Compared to visual and auditory displays, haptic display has not been used in everyday life. In order to overcome this limitation, we have been exhibiting the interface devices as art work. This paper introduces issues and solutions in haptic device through 18-years history of our research activities.
Thickness-dependent power-law of dielectric breakdown in ultrathin NMOS gate oxides
Authors: A. Hiraiwa, D. Ishikawa
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

We experimentally investigated the breakdown lifetime of NMOS under inversion condition as a function of gate voltage by long-time-span tests and new power-law criteria. The lifetime followed the 1/E-rule above ∼4 V, but the power-law below ∼4 V. The power index decreased when the oxide became thinner. We observed no trace of the E-rule. We propose to adopt the power-law and the 1/E-rule in the reliability projection of core and I/O oxides, respectively. We need to appropriately consider the direct tunneling to model the breakdown below ∼4 V. The hole injection still seems to be playing an important role.
A Panacea or Academic Poppycock: Formal Methods Revisited
Authors: Constance Heitmeyer
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (2005)

Many formal methods have been proposed in recent years to improve software quality. These include newspecification and modeling languages as well as formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving. This paper describes several ways in which tools supporting formal methods can help improve the quality of both software code as well as software specifications and models. However, while promising, formal methods and their support tools are rarely used in practical software development. To overcome this problem, this paper describes a number of needed improvements — in techniques for requirements capture, in languages, in specifications and models, in code quality, and in code verification techniques — which could lead to more widespread use of formal methods and their support tools in practical software development.
Use of colour for hand-filled form analysis and recognition
Authors: Nasser Sherkat, Tony Allen, Seong Wong
Venue: Pattern Analysis Applications (2005)

Colour information in form analysis is currently under utilized. As technology has advanced and computing costs have reduced, the processing of forms in colour has now become practicable. This paper describes a novel colour-based approach to the extraction of filled data from colour form images. Images are first quantized to reduce the colour complexity and data is extracted by examining the colour characteristics of the images. The improved performance of the proposed method has been verified by comparing the processing time, recognition rate, extraction precision and recall rate to that of an equivalent black and white system.
Improving Brumley and Boneh timing attack on unprotected SSL implementations
Authors: Onur Aciiçmez, Werner Schindler, Çetin K. Koç
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security (2005)

Since the remarkable work of Kocher [7], several papers considering different types of timing attacks have been published. In 2003, Brumley and Boneh presented a timing attack on unprotected OpenSSL implementations [2]. In this paper, we improve the efficiency of their attack by a factor of more than 10. We exploit the timing behavior of Montgomery multiplications in the table initialization phase, which allows us to increase the number of multiplications that provide useful information to reveal one of the prime factors of RSA moduli. We also present other improvements, which can be applied to the attack in [2].
RoadMapAssembler: a new pattern-based J2EE development tool
Authors: Jun Chen, Steve MacDonald
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

The quality of a J2EE web application depends on both the correctness of the code as well as the efficiency and flexibility of its architecture. Unfortunately, the design and development process is complex and includes tedious coding details, making it error-prone. Part of the problem lies in the incomplete abstractions provided by the J2EE specification. The artifacts of the distributed system environment are still present in applications and cannot be ignored, notably interfaces for distributed objects, name space information, and deployment information. In this paper, we present the detailed design of our design-pattern-based J2EE development system, RoadMapAssembler. This system shows that a J2EE architectural framework can be generated by assembling a set of design patterns in an incremental fashion, exploiting our knowledge of pattern implementations and inter-pattern relationships. This same knowledge also allows us to generate code for the distributed system artifacts that pollute J2EE applications. We demonstrate these features through the development of an example J2EE application.
Order-Sensitive XML Query Processing over Relational Sources: An Algebraic Approach
Authors: Ling Wang, Song Wang, Brian Murphy, Elke A. Rundensteiner
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Database Engineering & Application Symposium (2005)

The XML data is order-sensitive. The order problem, that is how ordered XML documents and order-sensitive queries over it can be efficiently supported when mapped into the unordered relational data model, has not yet been adequately addressed. In this paper, we present a general approach for supporting order-sensitive XQuery-to-SQLtranslation that works irrespective of the chosen XML-to-relationaldata mapping and the selected order-encoding method. Our approach, called XSOT, utilizes an order-aware XML algebra representation. We propose order-sensitive rewriting rules at the algebraic level to eliminate the dependency of the order determining operators on the implicit XML view order. Furthermore, we introduce a series of order-sensitive optimization steps to transform the XML algebra tree for the purpose of efficient SQL translation. Lastly, we utilize a template-based approach using SQL-99 order features to generate SQL statements.
Vital Signs Remote Management System for PDAs
Authors: Danielly Cruz, Edna Barros
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (2005)

It is a challenge to provide an efficient healthcare service for countries with continental dimensions. Mechanisms for a more efficient and better attendance of patients are necessary due to the increasing costs of health care systems. This work proposes the development of a system for monitoring vital signs (including ECG) through PDAs. Therefore, this has made possible the local attendance of patients by medical practitioners (here called health agents) with the support of specialist¿s physicians through a second opinion system. The proposed approach supports: recording and visualization of ECG waveforms. Moreover, patient¿s information can be transmitted to and from a remote health care server. In order to make easier the use by doctors and health agents, a user-friendly graphical interface has been developed. Methods for an efficient data access have been also developed to cope with storage constraints of PDAs.
http://www.nihseniorhealth.gov: the process of construction and revision in the development of a model web site for use by older adults
Authors: W. Morrell_aff1n2
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society (2005)

The NIH (National Institutes of Health) Senior Health Project began as a joint undertaking between the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to accomplish two goals. The first goal was to develop comprehensive research-based guidelines on how to make web sites accessible to older adults. The second goal was the implementation of the guidelines in the construction of a web site for older adults to locate health information. This descriptive article outlines the process of developing the guidelines and the building of the web site, http://www.nihseniorhealth.gov, and includes an overview of what was learned as the project evolved.