ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Disk throughput estimation
Authors: David L. Stone, Rollins Turner
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 2 (1972)

This is a report of practical, quantitative techniques for predicting throughput of movable head disks in a time-shared, multiprogrammed system. Theoretical relationships between throughput and load are considered first. Then a technique is explained whereby the actual source code of the timesharing monitor's disk service routine is incorporated into a simulation program. Finally, actual throughput measurements, made on a system running with carefully controlled loads, are reported. Comparisons are drawn between the results of the theory, simulation, and actual measurements. In each case, it is found that throughput increases significantly as more disk drives are added. Throughput also increases somewhat as more users ask for service.
Computing at Carnegie-Mellon University
Authors: Keith Slack, Jim Morris, Douglas Van Houweling, Nina Wishbow
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 12th annual computer science conference on SIGCSE symposium (1984)

Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU) and International Business Machines (IBM) have recently decided to collaborate on an innovative project: to implement a distributed computing system at CMU. A distributed computing system integrates personal computers, midsized machines known as file servers, and mainframes through a network. This system will provide CMU's students, faculty and staff with state-of-the-art equipment and software, and will be designed to facilitate communication on campus. The authors describe the reasons that motivated the CMU-IBM project, the technology of this distributed system, and the impact they expect this system to have.
The effects of CPU: I/O overlap on computer system configurations
Authors: Donald F. Towsley
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1978)

Recent trends in computer technology and design favor the development of computer systems with low levels of multiprogramming. Performance measures such as throughput can be improved under these circumstances by overlapping computation and input/output requests (CPU: I/O overlap). A computationally efficient model is presented which determines accurate bounds on the expected improvement which CPU: I/O overlap may introduce. This model can represent a wide range of multiprogrammed multiprocessor systems. The model is applied to a parametric analysis over a range of multiprocessor systems. CPU: I/O overlap appears to be promising for high speed computers with low levels of multiprogramming and for multiprocessor systems with a large number of processors.
A corporate planning model for a new business venture
Authors: Joel S. Greenberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

A corporate planning model has been developed and used to assist in the planning and evaluation of new information dissemination systems and related products. The model has been programmed and is operational on an RCA 70/45 which takes about 15 minutes to complete a set of financial plans. The planning model may be used to evaluate the following types of &ldquo;what-if&rdquo; questions: What if the amount of information available via the information receiver is increased? What if the market develops faster or slower than expected? Will sales be limited by facility and inventory constraints? What effect will an increase in markup have on sales and on profits? Should competition be encouraged or discouraged? Should a selective or intensive marketing strategy be established and what are its consequences? etc. The computerized planning model allows a large number of experiments to be performed in the laboratory prior to the establishment of the business. If the experiments indicate that the business will not be successful, little has been lost.
Optimum choice of page sizes in a virtual memory with a hardware executive and a rapid-access secondary storage medium
Authors: Erol Gelenbe
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGOPS workshop on System performance evaluation (1971)

A paged virtual memory system with a finite number n&ge;1 of page sizes, containing a hardware executive and a rapid-access secondary storage medium is considered. It is postulated that in such a system the smallest page size will be chosen small enough to render internal fragmentation negligible, and that this page size C1 will be fixed independently of the other page sizes. The problem of choosing the remaining page sizes is then cast as a problem of minimizing the bookkeeping space for page tables in the hardware executive, on the average, with the assumption that the probability distribution of segment sizes is known. The mathematical problem is solved for the uniform and exponential distributions and numerical results are given for the Poisson and an empirically determined distribution. These results indicate a rule of thumb which may be used to choose the remaining page sizes. Finally, the results are compared with paging with a single page size.
A comparative study of moded and modeless text editing by experienced editor users
Authors: Merle F. Poller, Susan K. Garter
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

As interactive text editing systems become more and more pervasive on the job, at school, and in the home, the necessity for good human engineering in the design of such interactive systems becomes increasingly apparent. The issue we are concerned with in this paper is not that of modes in general, but rather the more specific question of how editors should handle text insertions. In this context, moded editing means that the editor user must enter a special command before text is inserted and another special command to end the text insertion and return to the command mode. Ordinary printing characters typed while in an insertion mode are entered as text. The same characters entered while the editor is in the command mode are treated as commands. Modeless editing is different; ordinary characters are entered directly as text. There are no special commands required to enter or stop entering text.
A programming environment for blind APL-programmers
Authors: Waltraud Schweikhardt
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1982)

This paper reports on the programming environment we developed for blind APL-programmers. We defined a Braille-APL-Notation and developed an APL-editor, fitting the special needs of blind programmers. Since January, 1980 the Braille-APL-Notation has been successfully used by a blind programmer in our Institute. We discuss various problems blind programmers have in communicating with a computer, and present the hardware and software environment we provided and tested in Stuttgart. Finally, we report on our experience and results.
Measuring memory protection
Authors: Douglas Cook
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

A protection measure based on a simple model of a protection system is presented. The measure shows how closely a computer system adheres to the principle of minimum privilege. Its application to the operating system of the Cambridge University CAP computer is described and ways of bringing the operating system closer to a state of minimum privilege are discussed. The results of this work have demonstrated that the measure provides a useful tool for the designers of operating systems and other software. A module in a computer system has a repertoire of services it can perform; the services provided by a module are made available to other modules as functions. An original feature of the work described in this paper is the attention paid to functions in the context of protection in computer systems. The protection model and the protection measure are defined in terms of the objects accessible to a process and it is important to note that functions are considered to be objects.
Technical documentation by &ldquo;MAGIC&rdquo; (Machine Aided Graphics for Illustration and Composition
Authors: John B. Macdonald, Mary K. Podlecki, Milt J. Pappas
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

The craftsmen who maintain the Bell System communications network rely on the availability of high quality documentation. A computer based documentation system - MAGIC - was brought on line in North Carolina in 1976 to facilitate the rapid preparation and editing of technical documentation with high cost-effectiveness over traditional manual publication methods. The North Carolina MAGIC system consists of refresh interactive display terminals for creation and editing of documentation data pages, a data-base management computer, and an electronic phototypesetter. Other system configurations are in operation elsewhere in the Bell System.
A simulator for designing high-rise warehouse systems
Authors: Kailash M. Bafna
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

This paper presents a simulator to evaluate alternative designs of high-rise warehouse systems using stacker cranes to permit system cost minimization while satisfying design constraints and specifications. There are no warehouse size restraints on its use. Furthermore it can consider single or multiple stacker crane systems. Resolution of problems associated with finding combinations of storage height and aisle length in combination with crane vertical and horizontal travel speeds is provided. Hardware and operating variables considered are more extensive than those found in earlier simulations of similar systems.
The design of a reliable applications system
Authors: Edward Gainer, Edward Kimball, Alan Kortesoja, Alfred Maley
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

The design of TACTICS, a large interactive statistical analysis and modelling system which has proven highly reliable is presented. Overall reliability was achieved by first identifying and then focusing on the critical system components. These are enumerated and their design described in detail.
VEEP A VEctor Editor and Preparer
Authors: Stacey J. Gelman
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

VEEP, a VEctor Editor and Preparer, is an intelligent, interactive editor for the entry and update of test vectors which are the inputs to logic simulation. Since being introduced in Bell Laboratories and Western Electric in February 1981, VEEP has been able to increase the productivity of vector writers more than 25% by providing users a powerful system that reduces much of the job's drudgery, and allows for quick specification and updating of tests.
A simulation course for computer science students
Authors: Charles M. Shub
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1980)

A suggested topical coverage for an upper division and graduate course for computer science students in discrete simulation is presented. The components and order of coverage within each topical area are delineated. Several alternative approaches are suggested and compared based upon student reaction and feedback. Conclusions are drawn.
Improving iterative improvement
Authors: Edward F. Puccinelli
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

This paper describes a scheme for iteratively improving the decomposition of a given matrix A into the product of two matrices B and C. Although B and C may be completely general matrices, the scheme is most practically applicable in the LU and QR decompositions of a matrix. The proposed scheme is first shown to improve perturbed L and U factors of a given matrix A. Next, it is shown that this process will allow for the solution of a badly conditioned system of linear equations when other methods, such as direct triangular decomposition, fail miserably. Finally even when a method such as direct triangular decomposition works, but iterative improvement of the initial solution must be made, the proposed scheme may achieve comparable results and prove to be more economical under certain conditions.
Fitting a distribution to data using an alternative to moments
Authors: Edward F. Mykytka, John S. Ramberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1979)

A four-parameter probability distribution that is useful in fitting data is considered. This distribution can approximate many well-known distributions and provides a simple and effective algorithm for generating random variates. Its utility, however, is limited by one's ability to determine its parameters. The method of moments has been suggested as a means of selecting the four parameter values when the first four moments are specified or can be estimated. Sample moments, however, are sensitive to extreme observations and are subject to large sampling variability. Hence, the method of moments is generalized to allow the use of surrogate measures of location, scale, symmetry, and tailweight. A new procedure using two statistics that are functions of order statistics is developed and is compared with the method of moments by means of an example and a Monte Carlo study.
A simulation model for information system design, evaluation and planning
Authors: Thomas G. DeLutis, Keith B. Johnston, James E. Rush, Patrick M.K. Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual symposium on Simulation (1979)

In this research, the use of simulation as a tool in information system design, evaluation and planning is being investigated. The modeled system is the on-line, real-time Computerized Library System of OCLC, Inc. Important characteristics of the OCLC System are described to establish a framework for discussion of the modeling and simulation research which is the subject of this paper.
Can CAD meet the VLSI design problems of the 80's?
Authors: Robert P. Larsen
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

I feel we should be very optimistic that future CAD will enable cost-effective device designs as process geometrics continue to scale downward. Obviously, CAD in the 80's will be significantly different than CAD in the 60's and 70's. We will experience a transition which will focus emphasis on the management of design complexity and higher-level forms of device design in an effort to maintain competitively acceptable levels of designer productivity. Also, the influence of color graphics, microprocessors, telecommunications, and distributed computing concepts will have a profound impact on VLSI device design methodology. The enormous increase in device complexity anticipated with VLSI, will demand conceptual and algorithmic innovations in digital-analog simulation and circuit analysis. It is rather obvious that continuous increases in model size, number of logic gates and circuit nodes, causes an exponential increase in computer costs associated with exercising the model in generating analytical behavior. Therefore, more cost-effective algorithmic techniques and hierarchial methods must be developed for VLSI digital-analog simulation and circuit analysis. Another extremely perplexing design problem is device testability. If built-in test (BIT) techniques, which appear very promising, are developed, it will impact future device architecture and test synthesis methodologies. CAD must be a partner in catalizing these technological changes.
Multivariate estimation in simulation
Authors: Andrew F. Seila
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

Methods for multivariate estimation in regenerative and nonregenerative discrete event simulation are discussed, along with practical considerations in applying these methods.
Computer aided design projects
Authors: H. Coin, M. U. Ayres
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Design Automation Conference (1967)

Whenever a group of specialists gather for a conference, the air is inevitably filled with reports of the latest projects and extrapolations to the concepts and systems of the future. The participants in these conferences return to their work only to discover that the gap between &ldquo;the state of the art&rdquo; and the techniques actually being used has seemingly widened. The breach between capability and usage seems particularly apparent in some areas of computer aided design. Why does this problem exist? Why is it that some engineers use the digital computer extensively while others do not? What can be done to encourage the orderly extension of computer aided design services to support additional areas of engineering effort? This paper will suggest several answers to these questions and will introduce the immediate application approach which appears to overcome many of the problems being encountered. In addition, examples of the immediate application approach at the Wichita Division of the Boeing Company will be presented and discussed.
A retrospective on the development of Star
Authors: Eric Harslem, LeRoy E. Nelson
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

Star, officially known as the Xerox 8010 Information System, is a workstation for professionals, providing a comprehensive set of capabilities for the office environment. The Star software consists of just over 250,000 lines of code. Its development required 93 work years over a 3.5 year period. The development of Star depended heavily on the use of powerful personal computers connected to a local-area network and on the use of the Mesa language and development environment. An Integration Service was introduced to speed up the building of Star and to relieve the programmers of many complex, but repetitive, tasks.
Data processing certification in Canada (Panel Session)
Authors: John R. Campbell, L. J. Turner
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth annual SIGCPR conference (1972)

Today numbering close to 1800 members, the Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS) is a society of persons concerned with analysis, design, management and operation of systems for information processing in Canada. Certification has been a pretty big issue at CIPS lately with small vocal minorities who imply it's the greatest thing to hit the profession since S/360 or the worst thing since RCA folded its computer business. Then there's about 95% in the middle waiting to see what happens. It didn't surprise anybody that when CIPS ran a poll of its members at the beginning of 1972, 50% didn't vote, 475 voted against, 349 voted for and 52 returned undecided ballots. Pretty close to a saw-off. At this time we have a committee studying the situation, continuing to gather facts to see if the issue should be resurrected.
Specification and verification of distributed systems using prolog interpreted petri nets.
Authors: Pierre Azema, Guy Juanole, Eric Sanchis, Michel Montbernard
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

This paper presents a formal description technique for distributed systems. The basic choices concern Petri Nets as a modeling tool and PROLOG as a programming environment. The key elements of the introduced approach are a symbolic interpreter for Predicate Transition Nets, and a technique for interfacing concurrent processes. Several illustrative examples are provided.
Nonlinear image restoration using FFT-based conjugate gradient methods
Authors: M. K. Ng
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol.2)-Volume 2 - Volume 2 (1995)

Nonlinear image restoration finds applications in a wide variety of research areas. In this paper, we consider nonlinear space-invariant imaging system with additive noise. The restored images can be found by solving weighted Toeplitz least squares problems. Since the normal equations matrices are non-Toeplitz in general, the fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) cannot be utilized in the evaluation of their inverses. We employ the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG) with the FFT-based preconditioners to solve regularized linear systems arising from nonlinear image restoration problems. Thus we precondition these linear systems in the Fourier domain, while iterating in the spatial domain. Numerical examples are reported on a ground-based atmospheric imaging problem to demonstrate the fast convergence of the FFT-based PCG method.
The design of some language constructs for horizontal microprogramming
Authors: Subrata Dasgupta
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1977)

This paper considers the problem of representing horizontal microprograms. Three forms of micro-parallelism are discussed: (a) Where micro-operations are concurrently executable within a single control memory clock cycle; (b) Where micro-operations are executable in a single clock cycle but are not concurrently executable, as in polyphase systems; and (c) Where there are concurrently executable micro-operations whose time of execution span several clock cycles. Language constructs for each of these forms are proposed, and their features discussed.
The effect of certain modular design principles on testability
Authors: N. P. Edwards
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software (1975)

This paper is a nonprogrammers view of design principles which are considered essential to testability of complex structures. The principles are related to the programming problem. The basic problems in verifying the function of any complex structure derive from: inadequate specification of function, the very large number of possible structures (most of which are &ldquo;mistakes&rdquo;) and the very large number of possible outputs for specified and unspecified inputs. Present trends in programming techniques are towards various forms of controlled modularity. If modularity is controlled so that the function of a module is independent of the source of its input, the destination of its output, and the past history of use of the module, the difficulty of testing the modules and structures assembled from the modules is greatly reduced. Multilevel modularity also powerfully reduces the complexity of modules and structures. Controlled modularity requires that the separation of certain variables be rigorously maintained. Controlled branching also reduces complexity and testing requirements. These are examined with mathematical examples and it is concluded that if the proper principles of controlled modularity are observed, it should be technically feasible to design software to achieve specified function and that under certain conditions it should be economically feasible to test software so designed to practical levels of accuracy and reliability.
On the measured behaviour of a X.25 packet switching subnetwork
Authors: Alberto Faro, Gaetano Messina, Franco Martinucci
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (1983)

The aim of this paper is to present some measurements on the performance of a X.25 packet switching subnetwork and of a typical X.25 DTE-DCE interface. The communication parameters considered are the window size of the link layer flow control, the length and contents of the packets and the internode distance. The collected measurements on the X.25 subnetwork are compared with others obtained through different versions of DTE connected to the same subnetwork. Some considerations are presented about the time spent by the packets inside the DTE and consequently about the efficiency of the DTE version used in these experiments.