ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Modelling cyclic interaction:an account of feedback
Authors: Hokyoung Ryu
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This paper reports an empirical study of the effectiveness of different kinds of feedback to signal that a goal has been successfully completed. Participants had to make setting changes to a simulated cell phone while at the same time dealing with incoming messages. One group had only implicit feedback that the setting had been changed so that success had to be inferred from the lack of an error message. The other groups had explicit feedback for a set period of 1, 2 or 5 seconds. The implicit feedback group were significantly less likely to complete the task than the explicit feedback groups. There is also evidence that the one second timed explicit feedback condition was less effective in inducing participants to eliminate their current subgoal than the two and five second explicit feedback conditions. A notation is introduced to explain these findings.
Early evaluation of the IBM p690
Authors: P. H. Worley, T. H. Dunigan,  Jr., M. R. Fahey, J. B. White,  III, A. S. Bland
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2002)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory recently received 27 32-way IBM pSeries 690 SMP nodes. In this paper, we describe our initial evaluation of the p690 architecture, focusing on the performance of benchmarks and applications that are representative of the expected production workload.
Environmental and energy costs of a district heating network
Authors: L. Marletta, F. Sicurella
Venue: Development and application of computer techniques to environmental studies (2002)

This paper deals with the environmental burdens of district heating networks (DHN) in comparison of those related to distributed heating systems, traditionally based on domestic gas boilers (DGB).The comparison will be made by considering the embodied energy and the energy consumption of both systems.Further, considered that each energy unit corresponds to polluting emissions (such as NOx, SOx, VOC, dust, CO and CO2), the comparison is also made in terms of air pollution.The data used for this analysis are those of Brescia (Italy) DHN.The result is that, although the DHN is affected by much higher embodied energy (mostly for piping and civil works) than that required by domestic gas boilers, the energy consumption and the polluting emission rate is so low as to balance the difference with the competing technology in a few years.
On the upper chromatic number of (v3,b2)-configurations
Authors: Claudio Arbib, Michele Flammini
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2002)

A mixed hypergraph is a pair H = (V, E ∪ A), where V is the vertex set and E (A) the edge (the co-edge) set of H. A legal colouring of H gives the same (different) colour(s) to at least two vertices of any co-edge (of any edge). The upper chromatic number of H is the maximum number X(H) of colours that can be used in a legal colouring. After giving a general upper bound to X(H), we here consider the co-hypergraph J = (X,φ ∪ I), where I is a (v3,b2)- configuration I over X. We prove that computing X(J) is NP-hard, but there exists a polynomial-time algorithm returning a colouring with ≥ 5/6 X(J) colours. We also provide an example showing that this approximation factor is tight.
Where Do New Organizational Forms Come From? Management Logics As a Source of Coevolution
Authors: Marjolijn S. Dijksterhuis, Frans A. J. Van Den Bosch, Henk W.Volberda
Venue: Organization Science (1999)

Many scholars have described organization form as a management tool in the alignment of organization and environment. As the environment of many companies becomes more chaotic, the exploration of organization forms characterized by flexibility and adaptability has been intensifying. When reviewing existing literature on new organization forms, several gaps become apparent. These gaps can be traced back to the artificial separation between the macrolevel and the firm level of analysis and the prevalence of a static notion of form. To contribute to a more encompassing theory of new organization forms, a coevolutionary perspective is suggested. In this perspective, contextual variation of macrolevel management logics is proposed as a key mediator in the coevolution of organization and environment. At the firm level, the contextual variation of management logics is reflected in shared managerial schemas underlying strategic design actions. The resulting coevolutionary model shows how contextual applications of management logics may be a source of variation in new organization forms. On the basis of a literature review, three management logics, representing ideal types, are described: classical management logic, modern management logic, and postindustrial management logic. These logics are related to three levers of design actions which reflect fundamentally different interventions in form. Linking management logics to design levers results in a set of propositions to be tested in future empirical research.
Nested Partitions Method for Global Optimization
Authors: Leyuan Shi, Sigurdur Ólafsson
Venue: Operations Research (2000)

We propose a new randomized method for solving global optimization problems. This method, the Nested Partitions (NP) method, systematically partitions the feasible region and concentrates the search in regions that are the most promising. The most promising region is selected in each iteration based on information obtained from random sampling of the entire feasible region and local search. The method hence combines global and local search. We first develop the method for discrete problems and then show that the method can be extended to continuous global optimization. The method is shown to converge with probability one to a global optimum in finite time. In addition, we provide bounds on the expected number of iterations required for convergence, and we suggest two stopping criteria. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Embedding term similarity and inverse document frequency into a logical model of information retrieval
Authors: David E. Losada, Alvaro Barreiro
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2003)

We propose a novel approach to incorporate term similarity and inverse document frequency into a logical model of information retrieval. The ability of the logic to handle expressive representations along with the use of such classical notions are promising characteristics for IR systems. The approach proposed here has been efficiently implemented and experiments against test collections are presented.
Priorities in WLANs
Authors: Imad Aad, Claude Castelluccia
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2003)

The IETF is currently working on service differentiation in the Internet. However, in wireless environments where bandwidth is scarce and channel conditions are variable, IP differentiated services are sub-optimal without lower layers' support.In this paper we present four service differentiation schemes for IEEE 802.11. The first one is based on scaling the contention window according to the priority of each flow or user. For different users with different priorities, the second, the third and the fourth mechanisms assign different minimum contention widow values, different interframe spacings and different maximum frame lengths respectively.We simulate and analyze the performance of each scheme with Transport Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol flows.
P-tree classification of yeast gene deletion data
Authors: Amal Perera, Anne Denton, Pratap Kotala, William Jockheck, Willy Valdivia Granda, William Perrizo
Venue: ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter (2002)

Genomics data has many properties that make it different from "typical" relational data. The presence of multi-valued attributes as well as the large number of null values led us to a P-tree-based bit-vector representation in which matching 1-values were counted to evaluate similarity between genes. Quantitative information such as the number of interactions was also included in the classifier. Interaction information allowed us to extend the known properties of one protein with information on its interacting neighbors. Different feature attributes were weighted independently. Relevance of different attributes was systematically evaluated through optimization of weights using a genetic algorithm. The AROC value for the classified list was used as the fitness function for the genetic algorithm.
Optimal control of (bio-)chemical reactors: generic properties of time and space dependent optimization
Authors: Ilse Y. Smets, Jan F. Van Impe
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2002)

This paper deals with the optimal control (OC) in the space domain of (bio-)chemical reactors. As an example, the determination of optimal heat exchanger temperature profiles of exothermic tubular reactors under the assumption of steady-state and plug flow characteristics is investigated. To enable a trade-off between process performance and energy loss a weighted cost criterion is defined. Application of the Minimum Principle of Pontryagin leads to extremal control profile structures which are very similar to those obtained during optimization (in the time domain) of well mixed bioreactors. The latter problem has been analyzed in detail over the last two decades. The analogy is reflected at various levels during analytical optimal control computations.
Typechecking XML views of relational databases
Authors: Noga Alon, Tova Milo, Frank Neven, Dan Suciu, Victor Vianu
Venue: ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL) (2003)

Motivated by the need to export relational databases as XML data in the context of the Web, we investigate the typechecking problem for transformations of relational data into tree data (XML). The problem consists of statically verifying that the output of every transformation belongs to a given output tree language (specified for XML by a DTD), for input databases satisfying given integrity constraints. The typechecking problem is parameterized by the class of formulas defining the transformation, the class of output tree languages, and the class of integrity constraints. While undecidable in its most general formulation, the typechecking problem has many special cases of practical interest that turn out to be decidable. The main contribution of this article is to trace a fairly tight boundary of decidability for typechecking in this framework. In the decidable cases we examine the complexity, and show lower and upper bounds. We also exhibit a practically appealing restriction for which typechecking is in PTIME.
Interblock Crane Deployment in Container Terminals
Authors: Raymond K. Cheung, Chung-Lun Li, Wuqin Lin
Venue: Transportation Science (2002)

We consider the problem of scheduling the movements of cranes in a container storage yard so as to minimize the total unfinished workload at the end of each time period. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program, and the computational complexity ofthe problem is analyzed. A Lagrangian decomposition solution procedure is described. A new solution approach, called the successive piecewise-linear approximation method, is also developed. Through computational experiments, we show that our proposed solution methods are both efficient and effective for large-sized problems.
Insufficient Bureaucracy: Trust and Commitment in Particularistic Organizations
Authors: Jone L. Pearce, Imre Branyiczki, Gregory A. Bigley
Venue: Organization Science (2000)

Many employees in the world are evaluated and rewarded at work based on who they are ("particularism") rather than based on impersonal judgments of their performance ("universalism"). Yet the field of organizational behavior has been virtually silent on how employees react to workplaces dominated by particularism. In an effort to understand the role of particularistic organizational practices, several ideas from comparative institutions theories are applied to questions of organizational behavior, and the model is tested in samples of large manufacturing and service organizations in the United States and Hungary. It was found that employees in a modernist political system (United States) did echo social scientists' claims by reporting that their employers' personnel practices were comparatively more universalistic than those in organizations operating in a neotraditional polity (Hungary). This perception of differences in personnel practices mediated the relationship between political system and employees' trust in one another, their perceptions of coworker shirking, and their organizational commitment.
Orthogonal functions satisfying a second-order differential equation
Authors: K. H. Kwon, D. W. Lee
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

Let {φn}n=0∞ be a sequence of functions satisfying a second-order differential equation of the form αφ''n+ βφ'n + (σ + λnτ)φn = fn, where α, β, σ, τ, and fn are smooth functions on the real line R, and λn is the eigenvalue parameter. Then we find a necessary and sufficient condition in order for {φn}n=0∞ to be orthogonal relative to a distribution w and then we give a method to find the distributional orthogonalizing weight w. For such an orthogonal function system, we also give a necessary and sufficient condition in order that the derived set {(pφn)'}n=0∞ is orthogonal, which is a generalization of Lewis and Hahn. We also give various examples.
PKIX-based certification infrastructure implementation adapted to non-personal end entities
Authors: Eduardo Jacob, Fidel Liberal, Juanjo Unzilla
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2003)

Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs) are considered the most suitable system to provide basic security services through digital certificates use. Nevertheless, traditional way of operation, based on web interface and asynchronous interactions, as well as the cost and difficulty of registration processes, have caused their replacement by other systems in many of the scenarios for which PKIs were conceived. These more efficient solutions present generally laxer security mechanisms and require too much user knowledge. The system we propose tries to provide a bridge between both approaches by defining an automated PKI focused on specific application scopes by using on-line interaction procedures.
When Cymbals Become Symbols: Conflict Over Organizational Identity Within a Symphony Orchestra
Authors: Mary Ann Glynn
Venue: Organization Science (2000)

In this qualitative field study, I explore how the construction of a cultural institution's identity is related to the construction of strategic capabilities and resources. I investigated the 1996 musicians' strike at the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO), which revealed embedded and latent identity conflicts. The multifaceted and specialized identity of the ASO was reinforced by different professional groups in the organization: the ideologies of musicians and administrators emphasized institutional resource allocations consistent with the legitimating values of their professions, i.e., artistic excellence versus economic utility. These identity claims, made under organizational crisis, accounted for variations in the construction of core competencies. I propose a model that explicates how the construction of core capabilities lies at the intersection of identification and interpretive processes in organizations. Implications are discussed for defining firm capabilities in cultural institutions and for managing organizational forms characterized by competing claims over institutional identity, resources, and core capabilities.
Optimal intervals for fuzzy categories of color temperature with application to image browsing
Authors: Wladyslaw Skarbek, Grzegorz Kukielka
Venue: Machine Graphics Vision International Journal (2002)

This paper presents the results of experiments for a color temperature browsing descriptor. We consider the problem of the optimal conversion of an objective value (color temperature) into a subjective category (Hot, Warm, Neutral, and Cold). The situation where subjective categories are based on an objective object attribute appears to be common while comparing interpretation of human sensors with physical sensors. The proposed optimal procedure for segmenting the color temperature partition into four disjoint intervals and the experimental results are described.
Sharing multiple secrets in digital images
Authors: Chwei-Shyong Tsai, Chin-Chen Chang, Tung-Shou Chen
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2002)

The share of multiple secrets among participants in secret transmission is a critical topic for a new digital image scheme. The new scheme is derived from the least significant bit substitution method and the visual cryptography method. Given some secrets and a set of cover images, the proposed scheme will convert the secrets into many bit planes and modify the cover images based on these bit planes. In our method, each participant has a unique modified cover image called a stego-image. A pair of participants can therefore reconstruct a unique secret without destroying of its secrecy. Experiments shown that the quality of all stego-images is visually acceptable. The proposed scheme also prevents anyone who possesses only one stego-image from gaining information about the secret and the other stego-image.
Casey'S Problem: Interpreting and Evaluating a New Test
Authors: James E. Smith, Robert L. Winkler
Venue: Interfaces (1999)

Casey, the newborn daughter of one of the authors of this paper, received a positive result on an experimental medical screening test, indicating that she may lack an enzyme required to digest certain fats. The interpretation of this test result was complicated by uncertainty about the false-positiverate for the test-this was the first positive reading-and the prevalence of the medical condition. We used a simple Bayesian model to help assess the probability that Casey actually had the enzyme deficiency and to help better understand the role and value of this screening test. The model we used and, more generally, our style of analysis could also be used with other new diagnostic tests, such as tests used in manufacturing and environmental contexts as well as other medical situations.
Research Commentary: An Agenda for Information Technology Research in Heterogeneous and Distributed Environments
Authors: Salvatore March, Alan Hevner, Sudha Ram
Venue: Information Systems Research (2000)

Application-driven, technology-intensive research is critically needed to meet the challenges of globalization, interactivity, high productivity, and rapid adaptation faced by business organizations. Information systems researchers are uniquely positioned to conduct such research, combining computer science, mathematical modeling, systems thinking, management science, cognitive science, and knowledge of organizations and their functions. We present an agenda for addressing these challenges as they affect organizations in heterogeneous and distributed environments. We focus on three major capabilities enabled by such environments: Mobile Computing, Intelligent Agents, and Net-Centric Computing. We identify and define important unresolved problems in each of these areas and propose research strategies to address them.
Performance of Bucket Brigades When Work Is Stochastic
Authors: John J. Bartholdi III, Donald D. Eisenstein, Robert D. Foley
Venue: Operations Research (2001)

"Bucket brigades" are a way of sharing work on a flow line that results in the spontaneous emergence of balance and consequent high throughput. All this happens without a work-content model or traditional assembly line balancing technology. Here we show that bucket brigades can be effective even in the presence of variability in the work content. In addition, we report confirmation at the national distribution center of a major chain retailer, which experienced a 34% increase in productivity after the workers began picking orders by bucket brigade.
Using hypermedia in requirements engineering practice
Authors: Hermann Kaindl
Venue: The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia (2002)

In the literature, proposals can be found to use hypermedia for requirements engineering. The major technical and commercial constraints for wide-spread application are removed now, but there is little knowledge generally available yet on how exactly such approaches can be usefully applied in industrial practice, or what the advantages and issues to be solved are. So, we report on a case study of using hypermedia 'real-time' in the requirements phase of an important real-world project inside our environment, where several ways of applying hypermedia were tried with varying success. Since the resulting hypermedia repository can be fully automatically exported into a Web representation, several versions were made available on the intranet at different stages. While this case study may serve as a data point in the space of such applications, we also discuss reflections on this experience with the motivation of helping practitioners apply hypermedia successfully in requirements engineering. In a nutshell, this paper presents some experience from using hypermedia in requirements engineering practice, and a critical discussion of advantages and issues involved.
Abstraction dependencies
Authors: K. Rustan M. Leino, Greg Nelson
Venue: Programming methodology (2003)

Modern computer programs use patterns of data abstraction that are richer than those considered previously in the literature for specifying and reasoning about programs. This paper presents abstraction dependencies as a key construct in specifying modular programs. The paper motivates abstraction dependencies through an extended example and outlines how they solve the immediate problems of previous techniques.
Grade Selection and Blending to Optimize Cost and Quality
Authors: Uday S. Karmarkar, Kumar Rajaram
Venue: Operations Research (2001)

In many chemical process applications, a large mix of products is produced by blending them from a much smaller set of basic grades. The basic grades themselves are typically produced on the same process equipment and inventoried in batches. Decisions that arise in this process include selecting the set of basic grades, determining how much of each basic grade to produce, and how to blend basic grades to meet final product demand. We model this problem as a nonlinear mixed-integer program, which minimizes total grade inclusion, batching, blending, and quality costs subject to meeting quality and demand constraints for these products. Heuristics and lower bounds are developed and tested. The methods are applied to data from Europe's leading manufacturer of wheat- and starch-based products. Our results suggest that this model could potentially reduce annual costs by a minimum of 7%, translates to annual savings of around $5 million.
On two-scale convergence
Authors: Luděk Nechvátal
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

Two-scale convergence is a special weak convergence used in homogenization theory. Besides the original definitions by Nguetseng and Allaire, the paper introduces an alternative approach based on Arbogast's idea of two-scale transform which changes a sequence of one-variable functions into a sequence of two-variable functions. Although it leads to the same convergence, it simplifies some proofs.