ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Teaching macroeconomics using APL
Authors: Stephen D. Lewis
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1981)

This paper examines the expositional possibilities of teaching macroeconomic relationships and concepts at the introductory and intermediate university level using APL as a pedagogical technique to complement conventional mathematical notation. Structural equations embodying economic models are specified by (explicit-result) functions which are easily recognized by economics students already familiar with these equations expressed in a conventional manner but possessing a minimal knowledge of APL. Key economic concepts such as equilibria, stability conditions, and policies are formulated and discussed. Functions for simulation provide a means for analyzing comparative static and dynamic behaviour. The research reported here is an example of work to investigate 'Teaching Economics Using APL' which is just beginning.
Using an effective grading method for preventing plagiarism of programming assignments
Authors: C. Jinshong Hwang, Darryl E. Gibson
Venue: Proceedings of the thirteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1982)

The two main purposes of this paper are: 1) to discuss four commonly-used grading methods (which we shall call methods A, B, C, and D) employed with programming assignments and 2) to present by way of recommendation two experimental methods (which we shall call methods X and Y) which support our thesis that positive prevention of cheating on programming assignments through the use of an appropriately-designed grading method is far more effective than the other approaches in general use.
Programming a microcoded processor for speech waveform generation
Authors: Gary E. Kopec, Glen S. Miranker
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1978)

One effective way to exploit decreasing hardware costs is to build processors tailored to highly specialized tasks. Our experience with the specification, design and programming of a hardware realization of a terminal analog model of the human vocal tract are discussed.
CAD/CAM - the foundation for Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Authors: Richard L. Simon
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The decade of the 1980's is a critical time for many worldwide manufacturers. Lagging productivity and competition for scarce resources has caused manufacturers to turn to computer technology for help. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is considered one of the best means for increasing manufacturing productivity. CAD/CAM is one of the best foundations to build on to achieve the benefits of CIM.
APL application development in a micro system environment
Authors: Jos Flury, Dirk Lankhorst
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1984)

APL on microcomputers is a rapidly expanding area. In order for full-grown applications to be developed on, or easily carried over to microcomputers, it is necessary that tools such as AP124 and AP126 become available on these small systems. In this paper we will describe how we have implemented an emulation of the graphical part of IBM's AP126 and GDDN for APL.68000.
Evening 1: Night in a berkeley laboratory
Authors: Austin Haggatt, Mark Greenberg, Jeffrey Moore, Martin Shubik, Myron Uretsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

A novel micro-programmed APL computer for laboratory control is being developed in the Laboratory under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Visitors will have an opportunity to see a demonstration of the system and hear a presentation of its design features. In addition there will be two presentations on joint teaching and research use of business games.
Protection in the Hydra Operating System
Authors: Ellis Cohen, David Jefferson
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1975)

This paper describes the capability based protection mechanisms provided by the Hydra Operating System Kernel. These mechanisms support the construction of user-defined protected subsystems, including file and directory subsystems, which do not therefore need to be supplied directly by Hydra. In addition, we discuss a number of well known protection problems, including Mutual Suspicion, Confinement and Revocation, and we present the mechanisms that Hydra supplies in order to solve them.
Word problems requiring exponential time(Preliminary Report)
Authors: L. J. Stockmeyer, A. R. Meyer
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1973)

The equivalence problem for Kleene's regular expressions has several effective solutions, all of which are computationally inefficient. In [1], we showed that this inefficiency is an inherent property of the problem by showing that the problem of membership in any arbitrary context-sensitive language was easily reducible to the equivalence problem for regular expressions. We also showed that with a squaring abbreviation ( writing (E)2 for E&times;E) the equivalence problem for expressions required computing space exponential in the size of the expressions. In this paper we consider a number of similar decidable word problems from automata theory and logic whose inherent computational complexity can be precisely characterized in terms of time or space requirements on deterministic or nondeterministic Turing machines. The definitions of the word problems and a table summarizing their complexity appears in the next section. More detailed comments and an outline of some of the proofs follows in the remaining sections. Complete proofs will appear in the forthcoming papers [9, 10, 13]. In the final section we describe some open problems.
Software reliability modeling accounting for program size variation due to integration or design changes
Authors: J. D. Musa, A. Iannino
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1981)

Estimation of software reliability quantities has traditionally been on stable systems; i.e., systems that are completely integrated and are not undergoing design changes. Also, it is assumed that test results are completely inspected for failures. This paper describes a method for relaxing the foregoing conditions by adjusting the lengths of the intervals between failures experienced in tests as compensation. The resulting set of failure intervals represents the set that would have occured for a stable system in its final configuration with complete inspection. The failure intervals are then processed as they would be for a complete system. The approach is developed for the execution time theory of software reliability, but the concepts could be applied to many other models the estimation of quantities of interest to the software manager are illustrated.
Ada Requirements Methodology (ARM)
Authors: Phillip Crews, Darrell Ward, Jerry Mungle
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

This paper describes and evaluates the Ada Requirements Methodology (ARM - a subset of Ada Integrated Methodology) that was developed during a study sponsored by the United States Department of Defense to evaluate design support for embedded systems. ARM combines some traditional structured analysis techniques with the Ada language to develop system requirements. The use of the implementation language (in this case Ada) during the requirements phase of system development is a departure from the concept that requirements and design methodologies should be independent of the implementation language. Reasons for using Ada as a requirements language are addressed in this paper. Additionally, the results of the first application of ARM and some ideas for further study and enhancements are provided.
Plants, fractals, and formal languages
Authors: Alvy Ray Smith
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

Although fractal models of natural phenomena have received much attention recently, there are other models of complex natural objects which have been around longer in Computer Imagery but are not widely known. These are procedural models of plants and trees. An interesting class of these models is presented here which handles plant growth, sports an efficient data representation, and has a high &ldquo;database amplification&rdquo; factor. It is based on an extension of the well-known formal languages of symbol strings to the lesser-known formal languages of labeled graphs. It is so tempting to describe these plant models as &ldquo;fractal&rdquo; that the similarities of this class of models with fractal models are explored in an attempt at rapprochement. The models are not fractal so the common parts of fractal theory and plant theory are abstracted to form a class of objects, the graftals. This class may prove to be of great interest to the future of Computer Imagery. Determinism is shown to provide adequate complexity, whereas randomness is only convenient and often inefficient. Finally, a nonfractal, nongraftal family of trees by Bill Reeves is introduced to emphasize some of the paper's nongrammatical themes.
Autodraft: A language and processor for design and drafting
Authors: O. D. Smith, H. R. Harris
Venue: Proceedings of the SHARE design automation project (1965)

Autodraft is a system designed for the use of designers and drafts-men in accomplishing graphics with the aid of a computer. The system was developed jointly by North American Aviation, Inc., and International Business Machines using the facilities of the Los Angeles Division of NAA, namely the IBM 7094 computer and the S-C 40Z0 printer/plotter as output.
Career oriented graduate program in management systems
Authors: James E. Benjamin, Wilbur L. Campbell,  Jr., John F. Schrage
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

The Master of Science in Management Systems within the School of Business at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville is an advanced degree designed to combine the professional qualifications and interests of students with study in the field of managerial information systems design and administration. The existing baccalaureate program entailed a specialization in information systems from the Management Science Department and numerous related positions were found in area businesses, but no advanced program was being offered in systems.
Subpixellic Eyes Detection
Authors: Robert Mariani
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

In a face recognition system, the normalization of the faces under scale, rotation and translation, as well as under contrast and brightness variation, is a crucial step for the extraction of stable features used to recognize a face. A way to improve the speed and the recognition performance of the overall system, is to have an accurate normalization of the images, especially in scale. Here, we present an algorithm, which constitutes the fine analysis part of a multi-scale face detection algorithm in a complex background [3], and which detects, with a subpixellic precision, the center and the ray of the eyeballs of a person's eyes. The segment joining these two points is then used to achieve a geometrical normalization of the face's image under scale, rotation and translation. One of the major advantages of this method is to reduce greatly the number of possible scales used during the face recognition process.
Unrested networks as self-designing systems
Authors: Barry Shane
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1978)

This study was designed to examine the nature of self-design in the structuring of small work groups. A simulation model of a communication network was used to permit an All-Channel network to determine a self-designed structure. The results indicated that the task productivity or rates of solution are independent of the continual self-design process. Further, the recognizable forms of network structure did not substantially deviate from an all connected network. The communication structure continued to vary even though a steady state solution rate had been attained for some time.
Use of data in support of software metrics
Authors: Paul Richards
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

During a recent effort with RADC concerned with software quality metrics, we identified manual and automated methods for collecting metric data as well as problems encountered in validating metrics because of the lack of historical project data. The concept of a &ldquo;metric machine&rdquo; has evolved as a realistic solution that can be used by managers of any software development project. The metric machine is a centralized facility which provides (1) an assessment of software quality to managers and QA personnel, (2) direct feedback to designers and developers, and (3) a source of accurate historical project data. The major advantages derived from this concept are standrdized requirments for data collection, low cost implementation, and a common definition and evaluation of software quality.
WFS a simple shared file system for a distributed environment
Authors: Daniel Swinehart, Gene McDaniel, David Boggs
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1979)

WFS is a shared file server available to a large network community. WFS responds to a carefully limited repertoire of commands that client programs transmit over the network. The system does not utilize connections, but instead behaves like a remote disk and reacts to page-level requests. The design emphasizes reliance upon client programs to implement the traditional facilities (stream IO, a directory system, etc.) of a file system. The use of atomic commands and connectionless protocols nearly eliminates the need for WFS to maintain transitory state information from request to request. Various uses of the system are discussed and extensions are proposed to provide security and protection without violating the design principles.
A data structure for MOS circuits
Authors: Chi-Yuan Lo, Hao N. Nham, Ajoy K. Bose
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

This paper describes a data structure to represent the driver-load configurations in MOS circuits, which is used universally in the MOTIS simulation environment. In particular, the data structure is used in mixed-mode evaluation including timing, and multiple/unit delay. Other applications include automatic delay calculation, transistor fault modeling, fault collapsing, and fault simulation.
The Feature Extraction of Chinese Character Based on Contour Information
Authors: Yu Tao, Yuan Y. Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

A new method called central projection transformation is proposed in this paper for feature extraction. From our experiments, the new method is found to be efficient in extracting features is based on contour of Chinese characters. Chinese characters have complex structures, and some of them are composed of several separated components, so several contours are embedded in a character. This may obstruct the application of the contour approach in recognizing Chinese characters. Central projection transformation can convert such a multi-contour pattern into a solid convex pattern, whose contour is a unique polygon. Most of the information of this new pattern is still located around its peripheries. This approach can greatly simplify the processing of Chinese characters and other multi-contour patterns. It is also a powerful tool for processing Arabic characters, Japanese characters and other characters.
Inverse currying transformation on attribute grammars
Authors: Reinhard Wilhelm
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages (1984)

Inverse currying transformation of an attribute grammar moves a context condition to places in the grammar where the violation of the condition can be detected as soon as the semantic information used in the condition is computed. It thereby takes into account the evaluation order chosen for the attribute grammar. Inverse currying transformations can be used to enhance context sensitive parsing using predicates on attributes, to eliminate sources of backtrack when parsing according to ambiguous grammars, and to facilitate semantics-supported error correction.
The dimensions of maintenance
Authors: E. Burton Swanson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

The area of software maintenance has been described by one author as an &ldquo;iceberg.&rdquo; (EDP Analyzer, 1972) Much goes on here that does not currently meet the eye. In part, this is the consequence of measurement difficulties. Practitioners and researchers can benefit from an understanding of the &ldquo;dimensionality&rdquo; of the maintenance problem. Some measures are suggested for coming to grips with this dimensionality, and problems of utilization associated with these measures are explored.
Object models for computer aided design: An overview
Authors: Russell J. Athay
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1978)

A computer aided design system must deal with large amounts of both spatial and non-spatial data. It must also provide quick graphic response to user interaction. If the CAD system is to support real time graphic interaction, it must be able to respond within at most a few refresh cycles. If the data base is structured and accessed at a record level, it becomes very difficult to guarantee this real time response. For this efficiency reason, and for clarity reasons, we will introduce a new level of data structure called an &ldquo;object&rdquo; which is a linked structure of record level structures called &ldquo;attributes&rdquo;. The data structures for a CAD support system which provides support both for large data bases and real time graphic response will be described.
The data management machine, a classification
Authors: Robert S. Rosenthal
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1977)

There has been much interest in the use of special purpose processors as the data base management component of data processing systems. The generic terms &ldquo;backend&rdquo; and &ldquo;data management machine&rdquo; have been applied to such devices. Examination of the literature reveals a broad cross section of host to backend functional distribution and interconnection methodology. This discussion represents an attempt to examine and classify several of these backend data base management machine configurations in terms of their operational parameters and application constraints. A formal taxonomy of such systems remains yet to be performed. At least three distinct classes of data management machine (DMM) are evidenced in the literature; they are the large host backend, distributed network data node and smart peripheral. The intended classes of problem that the various authors envision amenable to solution by the DMM approach exhibit overlap while the performance envelope in which each DMM architecture would provide a technically acceptable, economically sound solution to a given user requirement set varies. Some of the papers used as source for this work contained no explicit mention of either the problem classes or performance constraints that the described configuration was to address; thus liberty has been taken in interpreting the implicit application goals of these authors.
SIGMINI (Tutorial Session)
Authors: Jhon Tartar
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

This tutorial discusses comparisons and contrasts of minicomputer and microcomputer based systems. The technical organization of minicomputers and microprocessors is presented first. The emphasis here is on the evolutionary development of small computer architectures and the associated electronic technology. Software support and development systems are discussed next. The uses and availability of languages and operating systems are linked to the architectural developments presented above. The unique aspects of microprocessor prototyping systems are contrasted to minicomputer systems. Current systems are emphasized rather than historic material. Of course, applications must permeate any discussion of small computer systems. A general assessment is made of the strengths and limitations of mini and micros for various applications. The economics and technical problems of some particular systems are used as examples. Concluding remarks are made on the social implications and the future development and application of minicomputer and microcomputer based systems.
One-to-many interprocess communication in the V-system
Authors: David R. Cheriton, Willy Zwaenpoel>
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (1984)

Interprocess communication (IPC) normally allows one process to communicate with only one other process at a time. One-to-many IPC allows one process to communicate simultaneously with a group of processes., possibly of unknown membership. While the broadcast and multicast facilities of local networks support efficient one-to-many communication between hosts, its use between processes has been limited by the lack of support in the distributed operating system. This paper describes the integration of one-to-many communication into V interprocess communication system. We discuss the different models of use and the reliability and present some initial applications.
Flight simulator visual-display delay compensation
Authors: D. Francis Crane
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1981)

A piloted aircraft can be viewed as a closed-loop man-machine control system. When a simulator pilot is performing a precision maneuver, a delay in the visual display of aircraft response to pilot-control input decreases the stability of the pilot-aircraft system. The less stable system is more difficult to control precisely. Pilot dynamic response and performance change as the pilot attempts to compensate for the decrease in system stability. The changes in pilot dynamic response and performance bias the simulation results by influencing the pilot's rating of the handling qualities of the simulated aircraft. The study reported here evaluated an approach to visual-display delay compensation. The objective of the compensation was to minimize delay-induced change in pilot performance and workload. The compensation was effective. Because the compensation design approach is based on well-established control-system design principles, prospects are favorable for successful application of the approach in other simulations.