ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Information extraction from free-text business documents
Authors: Witold Abramowicz, Jakub Piskorski
Venue: Effective databases for text & document management (2003)

The objective of this chapter is an investigation of the applicability of information extraction techniques in real-world business applications dealing with textual data since business relevant data is mainly transmitted through free-text documents. In particular, we give an overview of the information extraction task, designing information extraction systems and some examples of existing information extraction systems applied in the financial, insurance and legal domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate the enormous indexing potential of lightweight linguistic text processing techniques applied in information extraction systems and other closely related fields of information technology which concern processing vast amounts of textual data.
Computer engineering curriculum development
Authors: John Impagliazzo
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

This poster describes the development of a curriculum for the area of computer engineering following the Computing Curricula 2001 effort. It explains the organization of the intended report and the elements that encompass the body of knowledge for the proposed curriculum.
RepWeb: replicated Web with referential integrity
Authors: Luís Veiga, Paulo Ferreira
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

Replication of web content, through mirroring of web sites or browsing off-line content, is one of the most used techniques to increase content availability, reduce network bandwidth usage and minimize browsing delays in the world-wide-web.The world-wide-web does not support referential integrity, i.e., broken links do exist. This has been considered, for some years now, one of the most serious problems of the web. This is true in various fields, e.g.: i) if a user pays for some service in the form of web pages, he requires such pages to be reachable all the time, and ii) archived web resources, either scientific, legal or historic, that are still referenced, need to be preserved and remain available.Current approaches to the broken-link problem are not able to preserve referential integrity on the web and, simultaneously, support replication and minimize storage waste due to memory leaks. Some of them also impose specific authoring and management systems. Thus, the limitations of current systems reside in three issues: transparency, completeness and safety.We propose a system, RepWeb, comprised of an application to access and manage replicated web content and an implementation of an acyclic distributed garbage collection algorithm for wide-area replicated memory, that satisfies all these requirements. It supports replication, enforces referential integrity on the web and minimizes storage waste.
Integrated power management for video streaming to mobile handheld devices
Authors: Shivajit Mohapatra, Radu Cornea, Nikil Dutt, Alex Nicolau, Nalini Venkatasubramanian
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

Optimizing user experience for streaming video applications on handheld devices is a significant research challenge. In this paper, we propose an integrated power management approach that unifies low level architectural optimizations (CPU, memory, register), OS power-saving mechanisms (Dynamic Voltage Scaling) and adaptive middleware techniques (admission control, optimal transcoding, network traffic regulation). Specifically, we identify interaction parameters between the different levels and optimize them to significantly reduce power consumption. With knowledge of device configurations, dynamic device parameters and changing system conditions, the middleware layer selects an appropriate video quality and fine tunes the architecture for optimized delivery of video. Our performance results indicate that architectural optimizations that are cognizant of user level parameters(e.g. transcoded video quality) can provide energy gains as high as 57.5% for the CPU and memory. Middleware adaptations to changing network noise levels can save as much as 70% of energy consumed by the wireless network interface. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such an integrated framework, that supports tight coupling of inter-level parameters can enhance user experience on a handheld substantially.
An interactive neural network-based approach for solving multiple criteria decision-making problems
Authors: Jian Chen, Song Lin
Venue: Decision Support Systems (2003)

In this paper, a new approach for solving multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems is proposed based on Decision Neural Network (DNN). The DNN is used to capture and represent the Decision Maker's (DM's) preference. Then, with DNN, an optimization problem is solved to search for the most desirable solution. Procedures of model modification through an interactive procedure, and model optimization are also discussed. An example is given to illustrate the approach and the result is compared with the Interactive FFANN Procedure [Manage. Sci. 42 (1996)]. The result shows that the DNN approach is an encouraging and robust method for solving MCDM problems.
The NorduGrid production Grid infrastructure, status and plans
Authors: P. Eerola, B. Kónya, O. Smirnova, T. Ekelöf, M. Ellert, J. R. Hansen, J. L. Nielsen, A. Wäänänen, A. Konstantinov, J. Herrala, M. Tuisku, T. Myklebust, F. Ould-Saada, B. Vinter
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Grid Computing (2003)

NorduGrid offers reliable Grid services for academicusers over an increasing set of computing & storage resourcesspanning through the Nordic countries Denmark,Finland, Norway and Sweden. A small group of scientistshas already been using the NorduGrid as their daily computingutility. In the near future we expect a rapid growthboth in the number of active users and available resourcesthanks to the recently launched Nordic Grid projects. In thispaper we report on the present status and short term plansof the Nordic Grid infrastructure and describe the availableand foreseen resources, Grid services and our forming userbase.
The impact of electronic writing proficiency on student writing performance
Authors: Sandra A. Youngquist
Venue:  (2003)

Three classrooms of students in a computer-integrated writing course at the University of Washington participated in a research study that asked, How does the electronic writing proficiency of university students in an introductory writing course, writing from a literature base, impact their writing? The study examined the relationship between student perceptions about their writing process, word processing skills, and writing achievement. Surveys, keystroke capture software, ratings from final drafts, field notes from classroom observations, and interviews with students and teachers provided data for analysis. Using path analysis, it was found that only 5.6% of the variance in the final draft score could be attributed to perceptions or word processing skills. High electronic writing proficiency consists of non-negative perceptions of using a word processor to aid writing, a perception that there is some benefit to using the technology, and demonstrating that use of the technology. High electronic writing proficiency also consists of computer skills that are required to write the document: knowing how to open, save, close, and create a new document; set the font; and cut, copy, paste, and delete text; and keyboard at least 20 words per minute. For both aspects, skills must be at a level that they do not interfere with the writing process. Students who knew more functions of a word processor did not use those functions when writing, nor did printed papers demonstrate the use of a word processor. However, students with different final grades showed some differences in how they used the word processor to write. The study also found that students followed instruction explicitly. Comments in peer reviews, as well as text edits and revisions mirrored instruction. The nature of the assignments determined how word processing features were utilized. Only papers published online used dynamic texts with hyperlinks, graphics, color, and a variety of fonts. Results also indicated that neither word processing skills nor perceptions determined the quality of essays, but instruction that integrated technology to support the pedagogy of the writing classroom resulted in high quality student work.
Active Sampling for Class Probability Estimation and Ranking
Authors: Maytal Saar-Tsechansky, Foster Provost
Venue: Machine Learning (2004)

In many cost-sensitive environments class probability estimates are used by decision makers to evaluate the expected utility from a set of alternatives. Supervised learning can be used to build class probability estimates; however, it often is very costly to obtain training data with class labels. Active learning acquires data incrementally, at each phase identifying especially useful additional data for labeling, and can be used to economize on examples needed for learning. We outline the critical features of an active learner and present a sampling-based active learning method for estimating class probabilities and class-based rankings. BOOTSTRAP-LV identifies particularly informative new data for learning based on the variance in probability estimates, and uses weighted sampling to account for a potential example's informative value for the rest of the input space. We show empirically that the method reduces the number of data items that must be obtained and labeled, across a wide variety of domains. We investigate the contribution of the components of the algorithm and show that each provides valuable information to help identify informative examples. We also compare BOOTSTRAP-LV with UNCERTAINTY SAMPLING, an existing active learning method designed to maximize classification accuracy. The results show that BOOTSTRAP-LV uses fewer examples to exhibit a certain estimation accuracy and provide insights to the behavior of the algorithms. Finally, we experiment with another new active sampling algorithm drawing from both UNCERTAINTY SAMPLING and BOOTSTRAP-LV and show that it is significantly more competitive with BOOTSTRAP-LV compared to UNCERTAINTY SAMPLING. The analysis suggests more general implications for improving existing active sampling algorithms for classification.
Synchronization of lecture videos and electronic slides by video text analysis
Authors: Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

An essential goal of structuring lecture videos captured in live presentation is to provide a synchronized view of video clips and electronic slides. This paper presents an automatic approach to match video clips and slides based on the analysis of text embedded in lecture videos. We describe a method to reconstruct high-resolution video texts from multiple keyframes for robust OCR recognition. A two-stage matching algorithm based on the title and content similarity measures between video clips and slides is also proposed.
PRISMA: Towards Quality, Aspect Oriented and Dynamic Software Architectures
Authors: Jennifer Pérez, Isidro Ramos, Javier Jaén, Patricio Letelier, Elena Navarro
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Quality Software (2003)

The development of software systems must be doneusing platforms that allow the description of quality,complex, distributed, dynamic and reusable architecturalmodels. We present in this paper PRISMA, anarchitectural modelling approach based on aspects andcomponents, that uses a component definition language(components, connectors and systems) to definearchitectural types at a high abstraction level and aconfiguration language to design the architecture ofsoftware systems. The component definition languageincreases reuse allowing importation of COTS andreduces complexity by integrating two modern softwaredevelopment approaches: Component-Based SoftwareDevelopment and Aspect-Oriented SoftwareDevelopment. The configuration language designs thearchitecture of software systems by creating andinterconnecting instances of the defined types includingpossible imported COTS. PRISMA has a metalevel withreflexive properties for these two languages. For thisreason, the types of PRISMA may evolve and thetopologies of PRISMA may be reconfigureddynamically.
Introduction to AIEDAM
Authors: David C. Brown
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2002)

I am very pleased to have been appointed to be the new Editor of the AIEDAM journal: only the third in its 15 years of existence. My involvement with AIEDAM started early in the life of the journal, due to my professional interactions with Professor Clive Dym, its first Editor. Clive put the journal on a very sound footing, and set the high standards that the journal continues to uphold. That it has maintained such a high reputation in the fields that it covers is due to Professor William Birmingham, the second Editor. My goal is to continue with the policies developed by these two prior Editors, while striving to raise the journal's standards, reputation, and visibility even further.
Radial basis function classifier for fault diagnostics
Authors: Ganka Petkova Kovacheva, Hidemitsu Ogawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Information and communication technologies (2003)

A realization of a program simulator for RBF neural network is proposed, which optimizes not only the weights between the hidden and the output layers, but also the positions and the widths of the kernel functions. The minimization of the number of kernel functions in hidden layer by clustering algorithm is carried out as a data pre-processing. The results from this first stage of classification are used for an initialisation of the weights between the input and the hidden layers and prevent from falling into a local minimum in the gradient procedure that evaluates the positions and the widths of the kernels in hidden layer. The effectiveness of the proposed supervised learning is demonstrated through appropriate example of a neural network application for technical diagnostics of complex objects. The task is to determine which of the vast number of possible states the examined ship engine has and to predict future faults. Having in mind the high dimensional observation vector, the significant overlapping of the fault states, the complexity from the multimode work of the engine and the noisy environment, the pattern recognition is realised by using this powerful classifying RBF network and strategies, which improve its generalization abilities. Due to improvements in training the results achieve over 90% good recognition of samples from test extract.
A real-time head nod and shake detector
Authors: Ashish Kapoor, Rosalind W. Picard
Venue: Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces (2001)

Head nods and head shakes are non-verbal gestures used often to communicate intent, emotion and to perform conversational functions. We describe a vision-based system that detects head nods and head shakes in real time and can act as a useful and basic interface to a machine. We use an infrared sensitive camera equipped with infrared LEDs to track pupils. The directions of head movements, determined using the position of pupils, are used as observations by a discrete Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based pattern analyzer to detect when a head nod/shake occurs. The system is trained and tested on natural data from ten users gathered in the presence of varied lighting and varied facial expressions. The system as described achieves a real time recognition accuracy of 78.46% on the test dataset.
Using Machine Learning for Estimating the Defect Content After an Inspection
Authors: Frank Padberg, Thomas Ragg, Ralf Schoknecht
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2004)

Abstract--We view the problem of estimating the defect content of a document after an inspection as a machine learning problem: The goal is to learn from empirical data the relationship between certain observable features of an inspection (such as the total number of different defects detected) and the number of defects actually contained in the document. We show that some features can carry significant nonlinear information about the defect content. Therefore, we use a nonlinear regression technique, neural networks, to solve the learning problem. To select the best among all neural networks trained on a given data set, one usually reserves part of the data set for later cross-validation; in contrast, we use a technique which leaves the full data set for training. This is an advantage when the data set is small. We validate our approach on a known empirical inspection data set. For that benchmark, our novel approach clearly outperforms both linear regression and the current standard methods in software engineering for estimating the defect content, such as capture-recapture. The validation also shows that our machine learning approach can be successful even when the empirical inspection data set is small.
Efficient Data Mining for Maximal Frequent Subtrees
Authors: Yongqiao Xiao, Jenq-Foung Yao, Zhigang Li, Margaret H. Dunham
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

A new type of tree mining is defined in this paper,which uncovers maximal frequent induced subtrees from adatabase of unordered labeled trees. A novel algorithm,PathJoin, is proposed. The algorithm uses a compact datastructure, FST-Forest, which compresses the trees and stillkeeps the original tree structure. PathJoin generates candidatesubtrees by joining the frequent paths in FST-Forest.Such candidate subtree generation is localized and thussubstantially reduces the number of candidate subtrees. Experimentswith synthetic data sets show that the algorithmis effective and efficient.
A survey of Web cache replacement strategies
Authors: Stefan Podlipnig, Laszlo Böszörmenyi
Venue: ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) (2003)

Web caching is an important technique to scale the Internet. One important performance factor of Web caches is the replacement strategy. Due to specific characteristics of the World Wide Web, there exist a huge number of proposals for cache replacement. This article proposes a classification for these proposals that subsumes prior classifications. Using this classification, different proposals and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of cache replacement strategies in modern proxy caches and outlines potential future research topics.
Array Codes Correcting a Cluster of Unidirectional Errors for Two-Dimensional Matrix Symbols
Authors: Haruhiko Kaneko, Eiji Fujiwara
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

This paper proposes two-dimensional unidirectional clustered error correcting codes suitable for high-density two-dimensional matrix symbols. These codes are capable of correcting unidirectional errors confined in a rectangle having lm rows and ln columns. Evaluation shows that the proposed codes have smaller number of check bits than the existing codes.
An adaptive numerical scheme for high-speed reactive flow on overlapping grids
Authors: William D. Henshaw, Donald W. Schwendeman
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2003)

We describe a method for the numerical solution of high-speed reactive flow in complex geometries using overlapping grids and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement. We consider flows described by the reactive Euler equations with an ideal equation of state and various stiff reaction models. These equations are solved using a second-order accurate Godunov method for the convective fluxes and a Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme for the source term modeling the chemical reactions. We describe an extension of the adaptive mesh refinement approach to curvilinear overlapping grids. Numerical results are presented showing the evolution to detonation in a quarter-plane provoked by a temperature gradient and the propagation of an overdriven detonation in an expanding channel. The first problem, which considers a one-step Arrhenius reaction model, is used primarily to validate the numerical method, while the second problem, which considers a three-step chain-branching reaction model, is used to illustrate mechanisms of detonation failure and rebirth for the channel geometry.
The TCP/IP game
Authors: Norman Pendegraft
Venue: Current issues in IT education (2003)

This chapter describes a simulation game used to help students understand the operation of TCP/IP. In the game, students play various layers of TCP/IP on several machines and collaborate to transmit a message from one application to another. The game is used in a telecommunications management course taken primarily by MIS majors at the senior level. The game consumes about 1 hour, and anecdotal evidence suggests that it is helpful to the students.
The Primal&trade; seas: water on PlayStation&reg;2
Authors: Andrew Ostler
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches Applications (2003)

In this sketch we present a variety of water and sea effects seen in the PlayStation&reg;2 game Primal&trade; (released Q1 2003), culminating in a sea surface with a real-time rendered parabolic environment map and refracted undersea view.
A comparison of the effects of animal dissection and a computer simulation dissection program on students' knowledge of frog anatomy and attitudes toward dissection
Authors: Meggin Mcintosh
Venue:  (2003)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of computer-simulated dissection versus the effectiveness of true dissection related to student achievement and attitude. Student achievement was measured by post-dissection and delayed post-dissection tests which measured students' knowledge on frog anatomy. Students' attitudes were measured by pre-dissection and post-dissection attitude surveys. The sample used consisted of 115 high school biology students from four classes taught by two teachers. The site had a student enrollment of 1243 with a minority population of 58%. Each teacher had one class that conducted a true dissection of a frog and another class that completed the Digital Frog 2 computer simulation program. Each group conducted their dissection for two days and then took a test on a real specimen. Two weeks later, each group was tested again on the same structures that were on the first test. Data were analyzed using t-tests for independent means and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results indicated that students who participated in the true dissection scored significantly higher on both the post and delayed post-dissection achievement tests. The academic achievements were consistent across gender, grade level, and previous science grade. Student attitude was also analyzed by calculating frequencies of the survey questions. Results indicated differences in attitudes between students in the true dissection group versus students in the computer-simulated dissection group.
Computation of Stark-Tamagawa units
Authors: W. Bley
Venue: Mathematics of Computation (2003)

Let K be a totally real number field and let l denote an odd prime number. We design an algorithm which computes strong numerical evidence for the validity of the "Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjecture" for the Q[G]-equivariant motive h0(Spec(L)), where L/K is a cyclic extension of degree l and group G. This conjecture is a very deep refinement of the classical analytic class number formula. In the course of the algorithm, we compute a set of special units which must be considered as a generalization of the (conjecturally existing) Stark units associated to first order vanishing Dirichlet L-functions.