ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Fusing Multiple Sources of Context Data of the Same Context Type
Authors: Marcus C. Huebscher, Julie A. McCann, Naranker Dulay
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

Smart homes are expected to have sensors that monitor the home and its inhabitants. Sensors types include temperature sensors, pressure sensors in the ,floor; or even accelerometers worn by the inhabitants. Data from these sensors can be used to infer higherlevel context, such as the current activity of the inhabitants. We look at the case where there are multiple providers of the same type of context in the home, and describe a probabilisric mechanism for combining these multiple context outputs into a single output using the advertised probability of correctness of each provider. We show that the resulting context value has a higher quality (specifically a higher probability of correctness) than selecting and using any of the available providers on their own.
ICIGA: Improved Cryptography Inspired by Genetic Algorithms
Authors: A. Tragha, F. Omary, A. Mouloudi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

This work is a contribution to cryptography. We have developed a symmetrical blocks ciphering system, that is an improvement of our cryptosystem inspired from genetic algorithm published in AMSE periodical. His complexity is o(n) because all operations used are simple and they are applied randomly in ciphering. Furthermore, in our system the user can choose the size blocks and the length key.
Oil and Water do Mix: Social Science Meets Engineering Towards a Transdisciplinary Perspective on Cyberworlds
Authors: Javier Salazar
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2006)

The study of Cyberworlds and their design is now a well established field in Computer Science & Engineering. In parallel, within the Social Sciences there is also a growing corpus of research regarding the subjective, psychological, social and cultural aspects of Cyberworlds such as: human cognition as a base for A.I., social systems modeling and complexity, social networks and group formation, virtual identity, cybereconomy and cyberculture; among others. In this paper, I present a brief layered overview of these themes with the aim of providing the reader with an introduction of how Cyberworlds can be studied through a transdisciplinary perspective in which both Social Science and Engineering can coexist towards an holistic understanding.
Entirely declarative sensor network systems
Authors: David Chu, Arsalan Tavakoli, Lucian Popa, Joseph Hellerstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Very large data bases (2006)

The database and sensor network community have both recognized the utility of SQL for interfacing with sensor network systems. Recently there have been proposals to construct Internet protocols declaratively in variants of Datalog. We take these ideas to their logical extreme, and demonstrate entire distributed sensor network systems built declaratively. Our demo exposes the rapidity, flexibility, and efficiency of our approach by building several fully-functional yet widely-varying sensor network applications and services declaratively. As a result of our declarative construction, we are able to highlight a wealth of previously underexposed similarities between sensor networks and database concepts. In addition, we tackle many database systems challenges in building multiple layers of a declarative database for an embedded, distributed system.
Visualization for a Multi-Sensor Data Analysis
Authors: Sang Ok Koo, Hyuk Don Kwon, Chang Geol Yoon, Won Seok Seo, Soon Ki Jung
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

This work describes our efforts in creating the software in order to analyze the multi-sensor data for gas transmission pipeline inspection. The amount of data is usually considerable because the hardware system that consists of multiple heterogeneous sensors records multi-sensor values for long-distance inspection. It imposes a heavy burden on the operators who should sieve the huge and complex data, detect features of the pipeline and decide a feature as a significant defect. In our system, the virtual 3D pipeline helps the user to examine the inside of pipeline intuitively by navigating according to the realistic pipeline trajectory. We mapped the geographical data of the pipeline and heterogeneous sensor data on the virtual 3D pipeline. Moreover, our system offer the various feature detail views to help the users rapid and precise decision. Users can switch the navigation mode and the feature detail mode easily. Consequently, the virtual pipeline plays a role as an intuitive interaction metaphor for pipeline inspection
Automating supply chain negotiations using autonomous agents: a case study in transportation logistics
Authors: Sander van der Putten, Valentin Robu, Han La Poutré, Annemiek Jorritsma, Margo Gal
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

This paper presents a case study for the application of agent-mediated negotiation techniques in transportation logistics. More specifically, we consider the interaction between several logistics service providers negotiating over the allocation of transportation orders. In this context, we show that automated negotiation techniques (especially multi-issue or multi-item negotiation) can bring significant advantages, by allowing parties to discover jointly profitable bundles (allocations) of orders. The model, evaluations and results reported in this paper concern the business processes of Vos Logistics, one of the largest European transportation logistic providers.
Hierarchical Classification by Expected Utility Maximization
Authors: Korinna Bade, Eyke Hullermeier, Andreas Nurnberger
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

Hierarchical classification refers to an extension of the standard classification problem, in which labels must be chosen from a class hierarchy. In this paper, we look at hierarchical classification from an information retrieval point of view. More specifically, we consider a scenario in which a user searches a document in a topic hierarchy. This scenario gives rise to the problem of predicting an optimal entry point, that is, a topic node in which the user starts searching. The usefulness of a corresponding prediction strongly depends on the search behavior of the user, which becomes relevant if the document is not immediately found in the predicted node. Typically, users tend to browse the hierarchy in a top-down manner, i.e., they look at a few more specific subcategories but usually refuse exploring completely different branches of the search tree. From a classification point of view, this means that a prediction should be evaluated, not solely on the basis of its correctness, but rather by judging its usefulness against the background of the user behavior. The idea of this paper is to formalize hierarchical classification within a decision-theoretic framework which allows for modeling this usefulness in terms of a user-specific utility function. The prediction problem thus becomes a problem of expected utility maximization. Apart from its theoretical appeal, we provide first empirical results showing that the approach performs well in practice.
Combining Argumentation and Bayesian Nets for Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Matt Williams, Jon Williamson
Venue: Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2006)

We present a new framework for combining logic with probability, and demonstrate the application of this framework to breast cancer prognosis. Background knowledge concerning breast cancer prognosis is represented using logical arguments. This background knowledge and a database are used to build a Bayesian net that captures the probabilistic relationships amongst the variables. Causal hypotheses gleaned from the Bayesian net in turn generate new arguments. The Bayesian net can be queried to help decide when one argument attacks another. The Bayesian net is used to perform the prognosis, while the argumentation framework is used to provide a qualitative explanation of the prognosis.
Visual narratives: the essential role of imagination in the visualization process
Authors: Mark Baskinger, Ki-Chol Nam
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information Visualisation - Volume 60 (2006)

The goal of this short form paper is to introduce ideas in contemporary visualization that use hand generated methods to engage the imagination of the author and audience to enhance the larger creative process. This approach, which focuses on exploring lateral ideas in a narrative format, blends many aspects of the fields of industrial design, communication design, and information design. "Analog" visual communication, defined as hand-generated sketches, diagrams and narratives, is of interest as it can bring powerful perceptual and conceptual processes to bear in making inferences and subsequent decisions. This method of visualization, translatable to many different disciplines, enables the author to think through and investigate his/her ideas by creating sequential image sets that simplify complex/dynamic information, illustrate key issues, and reduce abstract concepts into visually digestible, non-verbal narratives.
Real time and embedded (RTE) GENI
Authors: Lui Sha, Ashok Agrawala
Venue: ACM SIGBED Review (2006)

This is a brief pre-view of the NSF Real Time and Embedded workshop report. Any opinion, finding, conclusion or recommendation expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF and may differ from the final report on RTE GENI.
A Pedagogical Framework for the Use of Information and Communications Technology in Initial Teacher Training
Authors: Alison Hramiak
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper describes the initial findings of a longitudinal case study that investigates the use of elearning and communications technology to enhance the placement experience for full time post graduate certificate in education (PGCE) students. It is a work in progress examining how a VLE might be used to support geographically separated trainees while they are on placement. A preliminary analysis of the results is used to offer some insight into how this type of support might be improved for future students, and a minimum pedagogical framework is recommended for the implementation of VLEs for initial teacher training.
Computational Engineering on the Grid: Crafting a Distributed Virtual Reactor
Authors: V. V. Krzhizhanovskaya, V. V. Korkhov, A. Tirado-Ramos, D. J. Groen, I. V. Shoshmina, I. A. Valuev, I. V. Morozov, N. V. Malyshkin, Y. E. Gorbachev, P. M. A. Sloot
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

This paper reports on our research into supporting collaborative distributed applications on the Grid. Our case study application, a Virtual Reactor problem solving environment, was built for simulation of industrially important technology of plasma chemical deposition. It incorporates a number of components distributed among different organizations and requires both high-performance and high-throughput computing, as well as interactivity and advanced visualization. The application has been ported to the Grid environment and tested on a highly heterogeneous infrastructure of the RidGrid testbed. We describe the Virtual Reactor architecture and approaches used to integrate distributed components of the application on the Grid, emphasizing the role of the Migrating Desktop Grid portal and tools that bridge the gap between Grid resources and end-user applications. We outline the main features and functionalities of our RidGrid testbed built within a larger European CrossGrid infrastructure, and describe novel solutions and technical approaches that facilitate the usage of Grid resources and optimize load balancing for parallel applications on heterogeneous resources.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Technology as part of an Authentic Learning Environment
Authors: Ros A. Yahaya
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Application of Virtual Reality (VR) in training and education seems to give excellent promise in providing an alternative "real life" environment in situations where it is impossible for students to experience. However, there has been limited research investigating the effectiveness of immersive VR technology as part of an authentic learning environment. This study attempts to create an authentic learning environment by incorporating immersive VR technology as part of the delivery mode, conducted at a large technology-based university in Australia. The aim is to engage learners through the use of a simulated organization that involves real world problems. Learners are exposed to decision making theories from the beginning of the semester which culminates with immersive VR environment where they experienced real life crisis. The findings report that immersive VR environment helped increase students' understanding of decision making
On Manifold Structure of Cardiac MRI Data: Application to Segmentation
Authors: Qilong Zhang, Richard Souvenir, Robert Pless
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

We develop theory and algorithms to incorporate image manifold constraints in a level set segmentation algorithm. This provides a framework to simultaneously segment every image of data sets that vary due to two degrees of freedom - such as cardiopulmonary MR images which deform due to patient breathing and heartbeats. We derive two formulations: a 4D level set which loosely couples the level set function between neighbors in the 2D image manifold and a multilayer level set function which uses different levels of the level set function to represent shapes that shrink or grow. We characterize the set of shape manifolds that the multilayer level set function can represent, and derive the evolution equations for both frameworks. We offer results of segmenting the left ventricle in cardiopulmonary MRI; by automatically discovering the 2D manifold structure of the image set then simultaneously segmenting every frame. Both extensions improve on frame-by-frame approaches, and a comparison of the results offers insight into their strengths and weaknesses.
Tools and task structures in modeling balance beam
Authors: Ji Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

In the study I investigated the role of tools and task structures for science teachers of K-8 on the topic of balance in a professional development course. The findings show that the teachers tended to generate an additive rule, which is limited and contextualized, of balance condition, and failed to incorporate the more general multiplicative rule when thinking about balance. The study also shows that the teachers had difficulty in grasping a mathematical formula of balance condition. The learning outcome was partly a natural result of the materials the teachers used and the tasks they carried out. I conclude that learning tools and instructional tasks provide opportunities for understanding science content, but the understanding is confined to the tools and tasks employed.
The nature of novelty detection
Authors: Le Zhao, Min Zhang, Shaoping Ma
Venue: Information Retrieval (2006)

Sentence level novelty detection aims at spotting sentences with novel information from an ordered sentence list. In the task, sentences appearing later in the list with no new meanings are eliminated. For the task of novelty detection, the contributions of this paper are three-fold. First, conceptually, this paper reveals the computational nature of the task currently overlooked by the Novelty community--Novelty as a combination of partial overlap (PO) and complete overlap (CO) relations between sentences. We define partial overlap between two sentences as a sharing of common facts, while complete overlap is when one sentence covers all of the meanings of the other sentence. Second, technically, a novel approach, the selected pool method is provided which follows naturally from the PO-CO computational structure. We provide formal error analysis for selected pool and methods based on this PO-CO framework. We address the question how accurate must the PO judgments be to outperform the baseline pool method. Third, experimentally, results were presented for all the three novelty datasets currently available. Results show that the selected pool is significantly better or no worse than the current methods, an indication that the term overlap criterion for the PO judgments could be adequately accurate.
A distributed host-based worm detection system
Authors: Senthilkumar G. Cheetancheri, John Mark Agosta, Denver H. Dash, Karl N. Levitt, Jeff Rowe, Eve M. Schooler
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Large-scale attack defense (2006)

We present a method for detecting large-scale worm attacks using only end-host detectors. These detectors propagate and aggregate alerts to cooperating partners to detect large-scale distributed attacks in progress. The properties of the host-based detectors may in fact be relatively poor in isolation but when taken collectively result in a high-quality distributed worm detector. We implement a cooperative alert sharing protocol coupled with distributed sequential hypothesis testing to generate global alarms about distributed attacks. We evaluate the system's response in the presence of a variety of false alarm conditions and in the presence of an Internet worm attack. Our evaluation is conducted with agents on the Emulab and DETER emulated testbeds using real operating systems and computing platforms.
Analyzing Video Object Motion Focusing on Non-Planar Rotation for Two Video Applications
Authors: A. A. Ramirez Acosta, M. S. Garcia Vazquez
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computing (2006)

In this paper an object-based non-planar rotation estimation for video analysis and video coding is presented. This method is based on a non-planar rotation model which assumes that the moving object as a planar surface. It is also assumed the considered video objects are rigid and have been previously segmented for each key instant considered. The model can be easily adjusted by choosing a suitable region of support (block or arbitrary rigid region). The presented results indicate that the proposed technique is a suitable approach for motion estimation, which can be used for applications such as MPEG-4 block based hybrid coding or MPEG-4 object based video manipulations. Experimental results have been performed on real video sequences.
The Agile Marathon
Authors: Bob Schatz, Ibrahim Abdelshafi
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Many companies today are facing the challenges of moving their project teams to use agile development methods. Much of the discussion these days centers on dealing with the issues and hurdles that must be cleared for teams to achieve success on their agile projects. This paper is about our experience in what we're calling the Agile Marathon: The long-term view of how to maintain success after your team begins to see that they have achieved the benefits of using agile techniques.
fMRI Evidence for a Three-Stage Model of Deductive Reasoning
Authors: Thomas Fangmeier, Markus Knauff, Christian C. Ruff, Vladimir Sloutsky
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2006)

Deductive reasoning is fundamental to science, human culture, and the solution of problems in daily life. It starts with premises and yields a logically necessary conclusion that is not explicit in the premises. Here we investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying logical thinking with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. We specifically focused on three temporally separable phases: (1) the premise processing phase, (2) the premise integration phase, and (3) the validation phase in which reasoners decide whether a conclusion logically follows from the premises. We found distinct patterns of cortical activity during these phases, with initial temporo-occipital activation shifting to the prefrontal cortex and then to the parietal cortex during the reasoning process. Activity in these latter regions was specific to reasoning, as it was significantly decreased during matched working memory problems with identical premises and equal working memory load.
K-WfGrid Distributed Monitoring and Performance Analysis Services for Workflows in the Grid
Authors: Hong-Linh Truong, Peter Brunner, Thomas Fahringer, Francesco Nerieri, Robert Samborski, Bartosz Balis, Marian Bubak, Kuba Rozkwitalski
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Grid workflows for e-science are complex and prone to failures. However, there is a lack of performance monitoring and analysis tools for supporting the user as well as workflow middleware to monitor and understand the performance of complex interactions among Grid applications, middleware and resources involved in workflow executions. In this paper, we present a novel integrated environment which supports online performance monitoring and analysis of service-oriented workflows. Performance monitoring and analysis of Grid workflows and infrastructure is conducted through a Web portal. Performance overheads of Grid workflows are analyzed in a systematic way, and performance problems can be detected during runtime. Moreover, we present several languages that alleviate the interaction among performance monitoring and analysis services and their clients. Our system has been integrated into the K-WfGrid knowledge-based workflow system. It plays a key role in supporting the user and developer to analyze their workflows and in providing performance knowledge for constructing and executing workflows.
An analysis of growth patterns in computer conferencing threads
Authors: Jim Hewitt, Chris Teplovs
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

Threads in a computer conferencing systems develop in seemingly unpredictable ways. Each time someone starts a new discussion or extends an existing line of thought, there is a subtle shift in the intellectual spotlight &ntilde; a shift that influences the contribution patterns of subsequent users. Active threads may unexpectedly fade to the background, and older, inactive threads may regain centre stage. Yet within this complex ebb and flow, there are certain indicators that help predict a thread's future. An analysis of the 1571 threads in 7 distance education conferences reveals patterns of development that can be used to statistically assign growth probabilities to individual threads. Possible applications of these findings are discussed.
eScience, Science Education and Technology Integration in the Classroom: Some Practical Considerations
Authors: Dawn Woodgate, Danae Stanton Fraser
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Our purpose here is threefold: to consider what might be meant by eScience in the context of school science education, to briefly review some relevant theories of learning, and to present some of the practical issues and constraints of working in schools, from our own research experience. We conclude by underlining the position that ICT is still taught as a separate 'subject' in most schools, rather than being fully integrated into the curriculum. Even though both teachers and students may be fully conversant users of technology outside the confines of the classroom, the apparent lack of fit between technology and aspects of the school setting and organisation remains problematic.