ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Individualist and collectivist perspectives on knowledge in organizations: Implications for information systems research
Authors: Georg von Krogh
Venue: The Journal of Strategic Information Systems (2009)

Organization scholars differ in their understanding and application of the construct of ''knowledge'' in theorizing and empirical research. Over the past years, two perspectives have become prevalent in organization science. The individualist perspective assumes the locus of knowledge is people who learn, and that knowledge cannot extend beyond the physical limits of human beings. The collectivist perspective assumes the locus of knowledge is collective. Collective entities accumulate knowledge through forms of social learning. Boundaries of knowledge are drawn around social entities-groups, communities, networks, and organizational units, etc. Recent work in management and organization science has accentuated the differences, and argued against the widespread adoption of a collectivist perspective. This argument holds implications for information systems research. The current paper reviews selected contributions on the locus of knowledge, presents an argument for a combined collectivist and individualist perspective, and outlines future directions for information systems research. Drawing on two significant examples, I show that information systems research has a strategic role to play in greatly advancing this combined perspective.
Statistical Evaluation of Biometric Evidence in Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition
Authors: Andrzej Drygajlo
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Computational Forensics (2009)

Forensic speaker recognition is the process of determining if a specific individual (suspected speaker) is the source of a questioned voice recording (trace). This paper aims at presenting forensic automatic speaker recognition (FASR) methods that provide a coherent way of quantifying and presenting recorded voice as biometric evidence. In such methods, the biometric evidence consists of the quantified degree of similarity between speaker-dependent features extracted from the trace and speaker-dependent features extracted from recorded speech of a suspect. The interpretation of recorded voice as evidence in the forensic context presents particular challenges, including within-speaker (within-source) variability and between-speakers (between-sources) variability. Consequently, FASR methods must provide a statistical evaluation which gives the court an indication of the strength of the evidence given the estimated within-source and between-sources variabilities. This paper reports on the first ENFSI evaluation campaign through a fake case, organized by the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI), as an example, where an automatic method using the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and the Bayesian interpretation (BI) framework were implemented for the forensic speaker recognition task.
A step towards incremental generation of logical forms
Authors: Luísa Coheur, Nuno Mamede, Gabriel G. Bès
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on RObust Methods in Analysis of Natural Language Data (2004)

This paper presents AsdeCopas, a module designed to interface syntax and semantics. AsdeCopas is based on hierarchically organised semantic rules, that output formulas in a flat language. In this paper, we show how this system can be used in the following applications: a) semantic disambiguation; b) logical formulas construction (in Minimal Recursion Semantics); c) question interpretation.
A High Resolution Bi-Directional Communication through a Brain-Chip Interface
Authors: Marta Maschietto, Mufti Mahmud, Girardi Stefano, Stefano Vassanelli
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life (2009)

Existing brain-machine interfacing techniques allow either high precision recordings from one or a few single neurons, or low spatial resolution recordings with a sparse sampling within the networks. Through our app-roach an efficient simultaneous bidirectional communication to the brain is realized using capacitively coupled recording and stimulation sites arranged in a large 2D multi-transistor array (MTA) with 1000 elements, integrated to a planar chip at high resolution (10μm pitch and below). The aim of the present work is to evaluate the reliability of a simple-generation silicon micro-device in recording neuronal signals from rat brain. Simultaneous recording of signals using this chip from the somatosensory cortex (S1) of living rat, are compared to standard in vivo recordings with a glass micropipette. We show that the two types of signals are identical, indicating the possibility to record signals at the same time from different sites and to perform a real-time electrical imaging of the brain cortex in vivo.
Convergence time characteristics of an associative memory for natural language processing
Authors: Nigel Collier
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2 (1997)

We take a new look at one of the fundamental properties of discrete time associative memory and show how it can be adapted for natural language processing (NLP). Many tasks in NLP could benefit from such associative functionality particularly those which are traditionally regarded as being context driven such as word sense disambiguation. The results describe the typical time to convergence of a Hopfield network when trained on patterns representing sentences from a large corpus. Through numerical simulation we estimate the time order of convergence and compare this to previous findings for randomly generated, unbiased and uncorrected patterns.
Quorum Based RP Selection Scheme for Mobile WSN Realtime Multicast
Authors: Yi Li, Canfeng Chen, Dongliang Xie, Jian Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 03 (2009)

With the increasing demand for realtime multicast service in mobile wireless sensor networks (mWSN), it is needed to provide new Rendezvous Point (RP) Selection Schemes for mWSN. Due to the arbitrary node mobility in mWSN, where mobile nodes usually go beyond someone RP’s coverage, multicast algorithm requires not only end-to-end constrained latency, but also short RP-switch time and low routing cost to guarantee the uninterrupted real time data streaming. The paper proposes a quick looking-up RP scheme for multicast algorithm based on quorum system. Results obtained through simulations demonstrate that the algorithm reduces RP-switch time and average routing cost.
Note: The inverse problem for certain tree parameters
Authors: íva Czabarka, László Székely, Stephan Wagner
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2009)

Let p be a graph parameter that assigns a positive integer value to every graph. The inverse problem for p asks for a graph within a prescribed class (here, we will only be concerned with trees), given the value of p. In this context, it is of interest to know whether such a graph can be found for all or at least almost all integer values of p. We will provide a very general setting for this type of problem over the set of all trees, describe some simple examples and finally consider the interesting parameter ''number of subtrees'', where the problem can be reduced to some number-theoretic considerations. Specifically, we will prove that every positive integer, with only 34 exceptions, is the number of subtrees of some tree.
Memorization and Information-Retrieval Behaviors
Authors: Jun-Ichiro Watanabe, Youichi Horry
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I (2009)

What is the relationship between memorization of information and the behavior used to retrieve that information? Searching for photos stored on a media is a common activity. Chances are that it is easier to find some types of photos than others. To determine the reason for this, we conducted a user study to clarify the mechanisms people use to retrieve information. We found that the operational patterns differed with the degree of memorization and the types of target photos. In particular, we found that the overall relative positions of target contents and/or the order of the arrangement affect memorization. The difference in operational patterns can be interpreted as a difference in retrieval strategies. These findings should contribute to the field of computer-human interactions, enabling the mechanisms used to retrieve information to be better understood. This understanding should lead to interfaces that can dynamically and appropriately assess user intentions and situations.
Distinguishing Answers in Conceptual Graph Knowledge Bases
Authors: Nicolas Moreau, Michel Leclère, Madalina Croitoru
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Conceptual Structures: Conceptual Structures: Leveraging Semantic Technologies (2009)

In knowledge bases (KB), the open world assumption and the ability to express variables may lead to an answer redundancy problem. This problem occurs when the returned answers are comparable. In this paper, we define a framework to distinguish amongst answers. Our method is based on adding contextual knowledge extracted from the KB. The construction of such descriptions allows clarification of the notion of redundancy between answers, based not only on the images of the requested pattern but also on the whole KB. We propose a definition for the set of answers to be computed from a query, which ensures both properties of non-redundancy and completeness. While all answers of this set can be distinguished from others with a description, an open question remains concerning what is a good description to return to an end-user. We introduce the notion of smart answer and give an algorithm that computes a set of smart answers based on a vertex neighborhood distance.
Study on Hydrology Time Series Prediction Based on Wavelet-neural Networks
Authors: Zhu Yuelong, Qian Jihong, Fan Qingsong, Wan Dingsheng, Li Shijin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Eigth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (2009)

To improve the performance of the model of wavelet-neural network for complex time series, a novel multi-factor prediction model is proposed, which inherits the advantage of previous wavelet-neural network and makes full use of the characteristics of different time series on different time scales. In addition, this paper also put forwards a criterion for the selection of wavelet functions, which is based on the weighted sum of the linear correlation coefficients of different time series with the target peer series. At last, the proposed model is applied to the prediction of daily discharge of WANGJIABA station at HUAIHE River and the experimental results show that higher accuracy is achieved, compared with previous models.
Looking Ahead: A Comparison of Page Preview Techniques for Goal-Directed Web Navigation
Authors: Aaron Genest, Carl Gutwin, Adrian Reetz, Regan Mandryk, David Pinelle, Andre Doucette
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I (2009)

On the World Wide Web, page previews augment hyperlinks to provide extra information about each link's destination. These previews can reduce navigation time and errors in goal-directed navigation tasks when the information provided by the text and context of links is inadequate. A number of different types of page previews have been proposed, and some are already in use; however, little is known about which preview types will consistently help users make good navigation decisions. Our study compares six preview techniques (title, URL, subject category, page genre, genre symbol, and thumbnail), two delivery mechanisms (inline and popup), and two page load times (fast and slow). We found that previews showing the genre of the page (e.g., whether the page is an information page or a search page) yielded significantly faster performance than other preview techniques, and participants also preferred the genre-based previews. Our study is the first to compare the performance of a wide range of page previews in a naturalistic, non-search environment, and provides empirical data that can improve support for goal-directed navigation.
An experience report and analysis of Java technologies in undergraduate game programming courses
Authors: Paul Gestwicki, Andrew Haddad, Austin Toombs, Fu-Shing Sun
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2009)

We report on our experience in the design, execution, and evaluation of an undergraduate game programming course that used Java-based technologies. The formal learning objectives for the course are presented, and we provide a justification for the use of Slick, an open source, Java-based library for writing 2D games. Slick was used in conjunction with Eclipse, Subversion, and Java WebStart. Slick has a modular design that provides a layer of abstraction above the LightWeight Java Gaming Library (LWJGL), using native libraries to delegate to OpenGL, OpenAL, JInput, and the Java API for graphics, audio, and input processing. Our experience showed that Slick provided an appropriate level of abstraction for a course that balanced academic rigor against the demands of production. We also report on a subset of these students who developed a 3D game using JMonkeyEngine after having learned 2D game programming in Slick, and compare their experiences using these two different interface paradigms and software libraries. We conclude with recommendations for future educational research that explores how 2D and 3D game programming meet course and program objectives.
User Defined Indexing
Authors: David Vaz, Vítor Santos Costa, Michel Ferreira
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Logic Programming (2009)

Logic programming provides an ideal framework for tackling complex data, such as the multi-dimensional vector-based data used to represent spatial databases. Unfortunately, the usefulness of logic programming systems if often hampered by the fact that most of these systems have to rely on a single unification-based mechanism as the only way to search in the database. While unification can usually take effective advantage of hash-based indexing, it is often the case that queries over more complex and structured data, such as the vectorial terms stored in spatial databases, cannot.We propose a new extension to Prolog indexing: User Defined Indexing (UDI). In this mechanism, the programmer may add extra information to Prolog indices so that only interesting fragments of the database will be selected. UDI provides a general extension of indexing, and can be used for both instantiated and constrained variables. As a test case, we demonstrate how UDI can be combined with a constraint system to provide an elegant and efficient mechanism to generate and execute range queries and spatial queries. Experimental evaluation shows that this mechanism can achieve orders of magnitude speedups on non-trivial datasets.
Model and algorithmic framework for detection and correction of cognitive errors
Authors: Mohamed Ali Feki, Jit Biswas, Andrei Tolstikov
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2009)

This paper outlines an approach that we are taking for elder-care applications in the smart home, involving cognitive errors and their compensation. Our approach involves high level modeling of daily activities of the elderly by breaking down these activities into smaller units, which can then be automatically recognized at a low level by collections of sensors placed in the homes of the elderly. This separation allows us to employ plan recognition algorithms and systems at a high level, while developing stand-alone activity recognition algorithms and systems at a low level. It also allows the mixing and matching of multi-modality sensors of various kinds that go to support the same high level requirement. Currently our plan recognition algorithms are still at a conceptual stage, whereas a number of low level activity recognition algorithms and systems have been developed. Herein we present our model for plan recognition, providing a brief survey of the background literature. We also present some concrete results that we have achieved for activity recognition, emphasizing how these results are incorporated into the overall plan recognition system.
Automatic Conflict Detection on Contracts
Authors: Stephen Fenech, Gordon J. Pace, Gerardo Schneider
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (2009)

Many software applications are based on collaborating, yet competing, agents or virtual organisations exchanging services. Contracts, expressing obligations, permissions and prohibitions of the different actors, can be used to protect the interests of the organisations engaged in such service exchange. However, the potentially dynamic composition of services with different contracts, and the combination of service contracts with local contracts can give rise to unexpected conflicts, exposing the need for automatic techniques for contract analysis. In this paper we look at automatic analysis techniques for contracts written in the contract language $\mathcal{CL}$. We present a trace semantics of $\mathcal{CL}$ suitable for conflict analysis, and a decision procedure for detecting conflicts (together with its proof of soundness, completeness and termination). We also discuss its implementation and look into the applications of the contract analysis approach we present. These techniques are applied to a small case study of an airline check-in desk.
Fault Diagnosis of Satellite Based on SVM Observer
Authors: Shi-lei Zhao, Yin-Chun Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

Towards an general unknown actuator fault of the satellite attitude control system, this paper propose a new method based on SVM observer which use two LS-SVM regression models to identify the unknown fault and the nonlinear term respectively, because the training datasets of an unknown fault cannot be acquired before it occurred, we combine offline training with online incremental learning method to reduce the approximation error. In the last part, this method is applied to detect a kind of actuator fault, the simulation shows that the method proposed by this paper is effective.
Progressive Evaluation of XML Queries for Online Aggregation and Progress Indicator
Authors: Cheng Luo, Zhewei Jiang, Wen-Chi Hou, Gultekin Ozsoyoglu
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2009)

With the rapid proliferation of XML data, large-scale online applications are emerging. In this research, we aim to enhance the XML query processors with the ability to process queries progressively and report partial results and query progress continually. The methodology lays its foundation on sampling. We shed light on how effective samples can be drawn from semi-structured XML data, as opposed to flat-table relational data. Several innovative sampling schemes on XML data are designed. The proposed methodology advances XML query processing to the next level - being more flexible, responsive, user-informed, and user-controllable, to meet emerging needs and future challenges.
A Rewrite Approach for Pattern Containment
Authors: Barbara Kordy
Venue: Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 19th International Workshop, WADT 2008, Pisa, Italy, June 13-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

In this paper we introduce an approach that allows to handle the containment problem for the fragment XP(/,//,[ ],*) of XPath. Using rewriting techniques we define a necessary and sufficient condition for pattern containment. This rewrite view is then adapted to query evaluation on XML documents, and remains valid even if the documents are given in a compressed form, as dags. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Theme Extraction from Chinese Web Documents Based on Page Segmentation and Entropy
Authors: Deqing Wang, Hui Zhang, Gang Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems (2009)

Web pages often contain "clutters" (defined by us as unnecessary images, navigational menus and extraneous Ad links) around the body of an article that may distract users from the actual content. Therefore, how to extract useful and relevant themes from these web pages becomes a research focus. This paper proposes a new method for web theme extraction. The method firstly uses page segmentation technique to divide a web page into many unrelated blocks, and then calculates entropy of each block and that of the entire web page, then prunes redundant blocks whose entropies are larger than the threshold of the web page, lastly exports the rest blocks as theme of the web page. Moreover, it is verified by experiments that the new method takes better effect on theme extraction from Chinese web pages.
Analyzing Control-Display Movement Compatibility: A Neuroimaging Study
Authors: S. M. Hosseini, Maryam Rostami, Makoto Takahashi, Naoki Miura, Motoaki Sugiura, Ryuta Kawashima
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Despite the huge number of studies on control-display compatibility conducted over the past fifty years, there are still debates concerning the efficacy of conventional measures such as subjective evaluation and performance measures for discriminating between compatible and incompatible control-display mappings. Since compatibility refers to the control-display relationship corresponding to mental model of the users, we tried to apply functional neuroimaging technique as a direct objective measure for analyzing cognitive factors involved in human-machine interaction (HMI). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was applied in order to analyze rotary control-linear display movement compatibility for horizontal and vertical linear displays. Although the results of behavioral measures were not significantly different for incompatible and compatible control-display mappings, neuroimaging results were quite successful in discriminating between them. Moreover, the fMRI results showed significantly greater brain activity for the incompatible condition than for the compatible one in the left posterior cingulate and the right inferior temporal gyrus that reveals the involvement of a greater cognitive load in terms of attention and visuomotor transformation in the incompatible condition. The results of this study suggest that neuroimaging method is a good complement to conventional measures and is quite helpful to acquire a better understanding of the cognitive processes involved in HMI.
Language Weaver Arabic->English MT
Authors: Daniel Marcu, Alex Fraser, William Wong, Kevin Knight
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Approaches to Arabic Script-based Languages (2004)

This presentation is primarily a demonstration of a working statistical machine translation system which translates Modern Standard Arabic into English.
Detecting Spam at the Network Level
Authors: Anna Sperotto, Gert Vliek, Ramin Sadre, Aiko Pras
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Open European Summer School and IFIP TC6.6 Workshop on The Internet of the Future (2009)

Spam is increasingly a core problem affecting network security and performance. Indeed, it has been estimated that 80% of all email messages are spam. Content-based filters are a commonly deployed countermeasure, but the current research focus is now moving towards the early detection of spamming hosts. This paper investigates if spammers can be detected at the network level, based on just flow data. This problem is challenging, since no information about the content of the email message is available. In this paper we propose a spam detection algorithm, which is able to discriminate between benign and malicious hosts with 92% accuracy.