ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Plenary lecture VI: formalisation and verification in a type-theoretic framework
Authors: Zhaohui Luo
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Software Engineering, Parallel and Distributed Systems (2008)

Dependent type theory provides a powerful logical calculus for computer-assisted formal reasoning. The associated technology of theorem proving has produced very useful tools, the so-called "proof assistants", for formal proof development both in verification of programs and in formalisation of mathematics. After giving an overview of the research field, I shall present a new type-theoretic framework LTT and explain its use in formalisation and verification. The particular features of the LTT framework include: - LTT is a foundational calculus for formal reasoning with different logical foundations, establishing the basis for wider applications of the type theory based theorem proving technology. - LTT employs a notion of "typed set", combining type-theoretical reasoning with set-theoretical reasoning in an effective way and supporting efficient proof development in formalisation and verification. As a promising framework, LTT has been used in several case studies, including the formalisation of Weyl's predicative mathematics and the analysis of security protocols.
German MPs and ICT
Authors: Hans J. Kleinsteuber, Meike Fries
Venue: Information Polity (2004)

This article represents the German part of the European COST A 14 study. As the results clearly differ in some respect from the European mainstream, a short introduction is given into the special situation of the national parliament. We found that there were problems integrating the German experience into the European framework: the results sometimes fit the general tendencies; in other respects they offer a quite unique picture. Questions of compatibility arise that go back to the general methodology of the study (see the introductory chapter in this issue). To utilize the data from Germany, it is probably best to take them as an example of a large Western European parliament that is only partially compatible to the smaller parliaments that stand in the centre of the approach used in the COST A 14 studies.
Computer-Aided Malignancy Risk Assessment of Nodules in Thyroid US Images Utilizing Boundary Descriptors
Authors: Michalis A. Savelonas, Dimitris E. Maroulis, Dimitris K. Iakovidis, Nikos Dimitropoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Panhellenic Conference on Informatics (2008)

This paper investigates the diagnostic potential of boundary descriptors calculated on delineations of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images. The utilized set of boundary descriptors includes compactness, chain code histogram and fractal dimension. Experiments were conducted on thyroid US images, so as to evaluate the discriminating capability of each boundary descriptor for the classification of thyroid nodules in terms of their malignancy risk. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is used for the evaluation of the experimental results. It is derived that thyroid nodules can be classified according to their malignancy risk, by utilizing their compactness, fractal dimension and chain code histogram, obtaining an area under curve (AUC) which reaches 0.93.
Congestion control in utility fair networks
Authors: Tobias Harks, Tobias Poschwatta
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2008)

This paper deals with a congestion control framework for elastic and real-time traffic, where the user's application is associated with a utility function. We allow users to have concave as well as non-concave utility functions, and aim at allocating bandwidth such that utility values are shared fairly. To achieve this, we transform all utilities into strictly concave second order utilities and interpret the resource allocation problem as the global optimization problem of maximizing aggregate second order utility. We propose a new fairness criterion, utility proportional fairness, which is characterized by the unique solution to this problem. Our fairness criterion incorporates utility max-min fairness as a limiting case. Based on our analysis, we obtain congestion control laws at links and sources that (i) are linearly stable regardless of the network topology, provided that a bound on round-trip-times is known, (ii) provide a utility proportional fair resource allocation in equilibrium. We further investigate the efficiency of utility fair resource allocations. Our measure of efficiency is defined as the worst case ratio of the total utility of a utility proportional fair rate vector and the maximum possible total utility. We present a generic technique, which allows to obtain upper bounds on the efficiency loss. For special cases, such as linear and concave utility functions, and non-concave utility functions with bounded domain, we explicitly calculate such upper bounds. Then, we study utility fair resource allocations with respect to bandwidth fairness. We derive a fairness metric assessing the aggressiveness of utility functions. This allows us to design fair utility functions for various applications. Finally, we simulate the proposed algorithms using the NS2 simulator.
The Artistic Play of Spatial Organization: Spatial Attributes, Scene Analysis and Auditory Spatial Schemata
Authors: Gary S. Kendall, Mauricio Ardila
Venue: Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval. Sense of Sounds: 4th International Symposium, CMMR 2007, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 27-31, 2007. Revised Papers (2008)

Electroacoustic music lacks a definitive vocabulary for describing its spatiality. Not only does it lack a vocabulary for describing the spatial attributes of individual sound sources, it lacks a vocabulary for describing how these attributes participate in artistic expression. Following work by Rumsey, the definition of spatial attributes is examined in the broader context of auditory scene analysis. A limited number of spatial attributes are found to be adequate to characterize the individual levels of organization nested within the auditory scene. These levels are then viewed in relationship to auditory spatial schemata, the recurrent patterns by which listeners understand the behavior of sound in space. In electroacoustic music the interrelationship of spatial attributes and spatial schemata is often engaged in a play of perceptual grouping that blurs and confounds distinctions like source and ensemble. Our ability to describe and categorize these complex interactions depends on having clear concepts and terminology.
A novel inverse class E power amplifier
Authors: Jukka Typpö
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, Wireless and Optical (2008)

A new inverse class E power amplifier circuit is proposed. Instead of using a bias choke, the bias current is fed through a resonating inductor of the output network. The circuit is particularly suitable for full integration, since removal of the bias choke removes some of the largest parasitic circuit elements of the output network. The new parasitic capacitances are not connected to signal nodes, and have at least one node connected to ground. The DC blocking capacitor is located between the amplifier output and the load, which allows it to be placed outside an integrated circuit. The DC block may be omitted, if it is acceptable to connect DC voltage to the load. The circuit is suitable for envelope modulation, and it is compatible with many known predistorting and efficiency enhancement methods.
Abstraction Techniques in Modern Programming Languages
Authors: M. Shaw
Venue: IEEE Software (1984)

Modern Programming languages depend on abstraction: they manage complexity by emphazing what is significant to the user and suppressing what is not.
A Unified Approach to Retrieving Web Documents and Semantic Web Data
Authors: Trivikram Immaneni, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (2007)

The Semantic Web seems to be evolving into a property-linked web of RDF data, conceptually divorced from (but physically housed in) the hyperlinked web of HTML documents. We discuss the Unified Web model that integrates the two webs and formalizes the structure and the semantics of interconnections between them. We also discuss the Hybrid Query Language which combines the Data and Information Retrieval techniques to provide a convenient and uniform way to retrieve data and documents from the Unified Web. We present the retrieval system SITAR and some preliminary results.
A Haptic Interface for Automobile Gearshift Design and Benchmark
Authors: Jorge Juan Gil, Iñaki Díaz, Egoitz Iturritxa, Borja Prieto
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios (2008)

Design, ergonomics and haptic feedback are features critical to the development of an eye-catching automobile gearshift. Manufacturers have to design and test a large number of prototypes, with different transmissions, dynamics, etc., before an appealing and marketable solution can be found. This paper introduces a haptic interface for automobile gearshift design and benchmark. It allows automobile gearshift developers to test new models quickly and change most critical design features on the fly in order to find the best possible solution. As a result, traditional trial-and-error methods can be avoided, significantly reducing design costs and time. The system is also a powerful test-bed to perform large-scale studies to analyse key selling features and preferences among customers.
Finding Kairos in Quitting Smoking: Smokers' Perceptions of Warning Pictures
Authors: Teppo Räisänen, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen, Seppo Pahnila
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Persuasive Technology (2008)

This paper studies Kairos, i.e. the opportune moment to persuade, through a smoking cessation experiment. We approached 101 people, comprising of 81 smokers and 20 non-smokers, on the streets of Palo Alto, California. The participants were shown five warning pictures related to the dangers of smoking as well as a control picture. The people rated each picture based upon how strongly they felt they were affected by the pictures. The results indicate that the opportune moment to show these pictures is not when the people already are smoking but rather much earlier. Quite interestingly, the affect of this intervention was stronger on women than men. The fact that the opportune moment seems to vary between individuals complicates the design of applications leveraging Kairos to a great extent.
Modelling and Analysis of the INVITE Transaction of the Session Initiation Protocol Using Coloured Petri Nets
Authors: Lay G. Ding, Lin Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (2008)

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a control protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force for initiating, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP uses an INVITE transaction to initiate a session. In this paper, we create a Coloured Petri Net (CPN) model for the INVITE transaction. Then we verify the general properties of the INVITE transaction by analysing the state space of the CPN model. The analysis results show that in most cases the INVITE transaction behaves as expected. However, in some circumstances, the transaction may terminate in an undesirable state while one communication party is still waiting for a response from its peer. Hence, we propose a set of changes to the INVITE transaction to correct the above problem. The result has shown that this revised INVITE transaction satisfies the properties that we have specified, and the undesirable terminal state has been eliminated.
Near Real-Time 3D Reconstruction from InIm Video Stream
Authors: D. Chaikalis, G. Passalis, N. Sgouros, D. Maroulis, T. Theoharis
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (2008)

An efficient hardware architecture for the acceleration of an integrated 3D reconstruction method is presented, targeting demanding dynamic Integral Imaging applications. It exploits parallel processing and features minimized memory operations by implementing an extended-access memory scheme. Its reduced data throughput, thanks to optimized data utilization, makes it suitable for single FPGA device implementation. Results reveal that the hardware system outperforms the software method by an order of magnitude. Moreover, its processing rate surpasses the typical rate of a dynamic Integral Imaging acquisition system, thus making a significant step towards real-time 3D video reconstruction.
Assessment of Software Process and Metrics to Support Quantitative Understanding
Authors: Ayça Tarhan, Onur Demirors
Venue: Software Process and Product Measurement: International Conference, IWSM-Mensura 2007, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, November 5-8, 2007. Revised Papers (2007)

The use of process metrics and data for quantitative understanding is not very straightforward. If we have an identification of process components and follow a measurement process, we are likely to use process metrics and data effectively. But if we don't have these practices, we can hardly trust on process metrics and data for quantitative understanding. In this paper, we summarize eight case studies that we performed in different industrial contexts. The case studies rely on an assessment approach that investigates suitability of a software process and metrics for quantitative analyses. The approach investigates a process's inner attributes and outer factors as well as a number of usability characteristics for process metrics. We validated the results of the studies via SPC tools. This paper briefs the approach, explains contexts and findings of the case studies, and discusses overall case study results.
Formal Verification of a Transactional Interaction Contract
Authors: German Shegalov, Gerhard Weikum
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Congress on Services - Part I (2008)

A transactional information system guarantees as part of the ACID contract that multiple operations pertaining to a transaction are executed atomically and that if completed their effect is durable. However, message losses resulting from client and server crashes are not part of the transaction. Unlike failures occurring in the midst of a transaction (leading to its abort), the loss of a reply to the final commit message poses a problem of determining the transaction outcome that cannot be solved generically using state-of-the-art OLTP systems. This paper develops a formal specification of a generic transactional interaction contract that is part of a broader Interaction Contracts framework guaranteeing the exactly-once execution in general multi-tier applications. The formal specification is designed and verified using the statechart language and model checking in the reactive system design tool called Statemate.
Simulation-Supported Workflow Optimization in Process Engineering
Authors: B. Kausch, N. Schneider, C. Schlick, H. Luczak
Venue: Collaborative and Distributed Chemical Engineering. From Understanding to Substantial Design Process Support: Results of the IMPROVE Project (2008)

The results of IMPROVE, which are extensively described in this book, are generally interesting for industrial users. In this transfer project, the insights gained in subproject I4 are expanded for the simulation-supported planning of process design and development projects with partners from the chemical and software industries. The planned activities are presented in this section. The goal of the transfer project is the interactive, in parts even automated transformation of work process models --- which are created using the participatory C3 modeling method --- into workflow models suitable for simulation studies. The required formal representation of workflows is based on Timed Stochastic Colored Petri Nets. That way, the systematic variation of organizational and technological influencing factors and the analysis of organizational effects becomes possible. By providing this simulation method already in the planning phases of design and development projects, precise prognoses for better project management can be achieved.
End-to-End Congestion Control for High Speed Networks Based on Population Ecology Models
Authors: Xiaomeng Huang, Fengyuan Ren, Guangwen Yang, Yongwei Wu, Weiming Zhen, Chuang Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2008)

Since TCP congestion control is ill-suited for high speed networks, designing a replacement for TCP has become a challenge. To address this problem, we extend the population ecology theory to design a novel congestion control algorithm. We treat the network flows as the species in nature, the throughput of the flows as the population number, and the bottleneck bandwidth as the food resources. Then we use the key idea of constructing population ecology models to develop a novel congestion control model, and implement the corresponding end-to-end transport protocol through measurement, which called Population Ecology TCP (PE-TCP). The theoretical analysis and simulation results validate that PE-TCP achieves high utilization, fast convergence, fair bandwidth allocation, and near-zero packet drops. These qualities are desirable for high speed networks.
Modeling of solidification conditions and melt treatment on microporosity formation
Authors: K. Davami, M. K. Besharaty
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Robotics, Control and Manufacturing Technology (2008)

Cast Aluminum-Silicon alloys are used in automotive and industrial weight sensitive applications because of their low density and excellent castability. The presence of trapped gas and or shrinkage pores in certain locations within casting has been shown to influence mechanical properties such as tensile strength and fatigue life. These micromechanical defects can be found most anywhere in casting depending on processing conditions. A large amount of porosity located in the center of the casting may have no effect on mechanical properties or fatigue performance. A smaller, isolated pore near a surface may have significant impact on mechanical properties. Hence, it is important to develop a comprehensive model to predict size, location and distribution of microporosity in casting. In this work, we model the effect of various casting process parameters on microporosity formation for equiaxed aluminum A356 alloy casting. The process parameters Include cooling rate, grain refiner and eutectic modifier melt additions. The comparisons between experimental results and simulations demonstrate good agreement.
Wishful Thinking Revision
Authors: César F. Pimentel, Maria R. Cravo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (2007)

Wishful thinking is an affective bias towards more pleasant interpretations/beliefs. We model wishful thinking effects, to some extent, with a belief revision theory: Wishful Thinking Revision. By modeling tendencies to believe in goals, "disliked situations" appear as "contradicting beliefs" (the target of belief revision). Furthermore, the current set of beliefs is selected according to an assessment of preference that accounts for rational factors, as well as an affective factor: "likeability".
TCP Adaptation for Vertical Handoff Using Network Monitoring
Authors: Faraz Idris Khan, Eui Nam Huh
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part IV: ICCS 2007 (2007)

Next Generation Network envisions convergence of different wireless networks to provide ubiquitous communication environment to the mobile user. The ubiquity is achieved by enabling a mobile user to switch to a network with better QoS (Quality of Service), by a mechanism called vertical handoff. We propose a vertical handoff management architecture which handles TCP adaptation and ensure efficient utilization of mobile terminal resource i.e. memory. The adaptation is achieved by configuring TCP socket buffer according to the available network resource i.e. bandwidth. The simulation results show that TCP utilizes the bandwidth and memory efficiently by employing our TCP adaptation strategy.
A Transformer Condition Assessment System Based on Data Warehouse and Data Mining
Authors: Xueyu Li, Lizeng Wu, Jinsha Yuan, Yinghui Kong
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2007)

A framework of transformer condition assessment system is proposed in this paper. In this system, we use a data warehouse, a multi-agent system and data mining techniques respectively to collect transformers' testing data, design the framework of the software, and evaluate transformers' conditions. The proposed system prototype had been tested with realistic transformers with reliable performance. The present framework is open and flexible, therefore the objective system is easy to be maintained and developed further.
Efficient and Reliable Execution of Legacy Codes Exposed as Services
Authors: Bartosz Baliś, Marian Bubak, Kamil Sterna, Adam Bemben
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part I: ICCS 2007 (2007)

In this paper, we propose a framework that enables fault tolerance and dynamic load balancing for legacy codes running as backends of services. The framework architecture is divided into two layers. The upper layer contains the service interfaces and additional management services, while the legacy backends run in the lower layer. The management layer can record the invocation history or save state of a legacy worker job that runs in the lower layer. Based on this, computing can be migrated to one of a pool of legacy worker jobs. Fault-tolerance in the upper layer is also handled by means of active replication. We argue that the combination of these two methods provides a comprehensive support for efficient and reliable execution of legacy codes. After presenting the architecture and basic scenarios for fault tolerance and load balancing, we conclude with performance evaluation of our framework.
Computer-Aided Method Engineering: An Analysis of Existing Environments
Authors: Ali Niknafs, Raman Ramsin
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (2008)

Analogous to Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE), which aims to facilitate Software Engineering through specialized tools, Computer-Aided Method Engineering (CAME) strives to support a wide range of activities carried out by method engineers. Although there is consensus on the importance of tool support in method engineering, existing CAME environments are incomplete prototypes, each covering just a few steps of the method engineering process. This paper summarizes the history and the state of the practice in CAME technology, and provides criteria-based critique on existing CAME environments, thus highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.