ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Optimistic parallelism requires abstractions
Authors: Milind Kulkarni, Keshav Pingali, Bruce Walter, Ganesh Ramanarayanan, Kavita Bala, L. Paul Chew
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2009)

The problem of writing software for multicore processors is greatly simplified if we could automatically parallelize sequential programs. Although auto-parallelization has been studied for many decades, it has succeeded only in a few application areas such as dense matrix computations. In particular, auto-parallelization of irregular programs, which are organized around large, pointer-based data structures like graphs, has seemed intractable. The Galois project is taking a fresh look at autoparallelization. Rather than attempt to parallelize all programs no matter how obscurely they are written, we are designing programming abstractions that permit programmers to highlight opportunities for exploiting parallelism in sequential programs, and building a runtime system that uses these hints to execute the program in parallel. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system based on these ideas. Experimental results for two real-world irregular applications, a Delaunay mesh refinement application and a graphics application that performs agglomerative clustering, demonstrate that this approach is promising.
Ontology Evolution with Evolva
Authors: Fouad Zablith, Marta Sabou, Mathieu D'Aquin, Enrico Motta
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (2009)

Ontology evolution is a painstaking and time-consuming process, especially in information rich and dynamic domains. While ontology evolution refers both to the adaptation of ontologies (e.g., through additions or updates possibly discovered from external data sources) and the management of these changes, no existing tools offer both functionalities. The Evolva framework aims to be a blueprint for a comprehensive ontology evolution tool that would cover both tasks. Additionally, Evolva proposes the use of background knowledge sources to reduce user involvement in the ontology adaptation step. This demo focuses on the initial, concrete implementation of our framework.
Matching and Mismatching Learning Characteristics with Multiple Intelligence Based Content
Authors: Declan Kelly, Brendan Tangney
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology (2005)

Research informs us that learning characteristic differ, that knowledge is processed and represented in different ways and that students prefer to use different types of resources in distinct ways. However, building Adaptive Educational systems that adapt to different learning characteristics is not easy. Major research questions exist such as: how are the relevant learning characteristics identified, how does modelling of the learner take place and in what way should the learning environment change for users with different learning characteristics? EDUCE is one such system that addresses these challenges by using Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) as the basis for dynamically modelling learning characteristics and for designing instructional material. This paper describes a research study, using EDUCE, that explores the effect of using different adaptive presentation strategies and the impact on learning performance when material is matched and mismatched with learning preferences. The results suggest that students with low levels of learning activity, and who use only a limited number of the resources available, have the most to benefit from adaptive presentation strategies and that surprisingly learning gain increases when they are provided with resources not normally preferred.
A Short Course in Digital Photography, 1st edition
Authors: Barbara London, Jim Stone
Venue: Myphotographykit Series (2009)

A Short Course in Digital Photography is designed to fit introductory, one-semester courses devoted to digital photography only. Digital Photography; Camera; Lens; Exposure; Image Capture; Your (Editing) Workspace and Tools; Image Editing; Printing; Organizing and Storing Your Work; Print Finishing and Display; Lighting. For people want to learn about digital photography, and for those who want to learn how to create better pictures.
Combining source and target language information for name tagging of machine translation output
Authors: Shasha Liao
Venue: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies: Student Research Workshop (2008)

A Named Entity Recognizer (NER) generally has worse performance on machine translated text, because of the poor syntax of the MT output and other errors in the translation. As some tagging distinctions are clearer in the source, and some in the target, we tried to integrate the tag information from both source and target to improve target language tagging performance, especially recall. In our experiments with Chinese-to-English MT output, we first used a simple merge of the outputs from an ET (Entity Translation) system and an English NER system, getting an absolute gain of 7.15% in F-measure, from 73.53% to 80.68%. We then trained an MEMM module to integrate them more discriminatively, and got a further average gain of 2.74% in F-measure, from 80.68% to 83.42%.
Latent knowledge structures of traversal behavior in hypertext environment
Authors: Perwaiz B. Ismaili
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Computers (2009)

In this paper, we introduce "Knowledge Diagraph Contribution" (KDC) analysis as a novel categorical time-series method in observing underlying traversal knowledge structure of experts by exploiting varying hypertext (web) presentation formats and knowledge domains. The navigation behaviors were studied by designing hypertext presentation formats and domain text that adheres to content design principles inspired by discourse and text comprehension scholars. As a continuation of previous study by Ismaili & Golden [1], twenty undergraduate psychology students from University of Texas at Dallas participated in this study. Students traversed through different Hypertext (web) presentation formats while reading content from three different knowledge domains controlled for micro (web-page, web-site) and macro (consistent semantic connections across knowledge domains) characteristics. The influence of expertise and web traversal behavior in deriving underlying knowledge structures is presented using KDC analysis. In addition, previously reported Classical data analysis (ANOVA) are compared with KDC analysis in highlighting quantitative and qualitative differences of these derived latent knowledge structures. As compared with novice, experts tend to exhibit sequential and semantic traversal patterns across all three web formats, whereas, novices are more influenced by and therefore tend to employ random navigation strategies.
Computers Simplified, 7th edition
Authors: Paul McFedries
Venue:  (2007)

Heres the easiest guide ever to computers a book that skips the long-winded explanations and shows you how things work. Full-color screen shots walk you through each step, and self-contained, two-page lessons make learning a snap. Youll learn to use different types of computers and software, create documents and use different programs, get online, start using e-mail, and manage your music and digital photos. A friendly character called Chip introduces each task, and sidebars offer real-world advice. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A new evaluation methodology for literature-based discovery systems
Authors: Meliha Yetisgen-Yildiz, Wanda Pratt
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2009)

While medical researchers formulate new hypotheses to test, they need to identify connections to their work from other parts of the medical literature. However, the current volume of information has become a great barrier for this task. Recently, many literature-based discovery (LBD) systems have been developed to help researchers identify new knowledge that bridges gaps across distinct sections of the medical literature. Each LBD system uses different methods for mining the connections from text and ranking the identified connections, but none of the currently available LBD evaluation approaches can be used to compare the effectiveness of these methods. In this paper, we present an evaluation methodology for LBD systems that allows comparisons across different systems. We demonstrate the abilities of our evaluation methodology by using it to compare the performance of different correlation-mining and ranking approaches used by existing LBD systems. This evaluation methodology should help other researchers compare approaches, make informed algorithm choices, and ultimately help to improve the performance of LBD systems overall.
The frame problem in Web service specifications
Authors: George Baryannis, Dimitris Plexousakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Principles of Engineering Service Oriented Systems (2009)

This work explores the frame problem and its effects in devising Web service specifications. The frame problem encompasses the issues raised when trying to concisely state in a specification that nothing changes except when explicitly mentioned otherwise. A motivating example of a composite service specification is presented and a solution approach is proposed, based on knowledge gained from related research on the frame problem in procedure specifications. Finally, an algorithm that applies the presented solution in order to transform existing OWL-S service descriptions to ones that are free from the frame problem is presented.
Structuring multimedia scenarioes according to the different learning modalities
Authors: Donika Valcheva, Margarita Todorova, Teodor Kalushkov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems: New Opportunities to increase Digital Citizenship (2009)

The basic Learning Modalities and the most effective teaching approaches are discussed in this report. The application of the semantic web and the ontologies in structuring and searching data in the e-learning process is analyzed. A model of a web-based system for structuring multimedia scenarios according to the different students' learning modalities is suggested.
Introducing the concept of customizable structured spaces for agent coordination in the production automation domain
Authors: eva Kühn, Richard Mordinyi, László Keszthelyi, Christian Schreiber
Venue: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1 (2009)

Tuple spaces are a common platform for the coordination of agents. In the past years there have been several approaches of improving the concept of coordination via the shared space. However, some of those concepts, like the Programmable Matching Engine, were primarily concentrating on retrieving tuples from the space with improved query techniques. In this paper, we propose the concept of structured spaces, so called Space Containers, which allow to store tuples in a customizable structured way. The concept of a Space Container allows a) to distinguish between the data needed for coordination purposes only and the payload, b) enables an explicitly structured way of storage and retrieval of the stored data, and c) the realization of more complex coordination patterns. The benefits of the proposed approach are a) less complex agent implementations, and b) the possibility of an efficient implementation of coordination issues. We describe the architecture of the proposed approach, explain the benefits of it by means of a scenario from the production automation domain and show evaluation results.
Brief paper: On linear co-positive Lyapunov functions for sets of linear positive systems
Authors: Florian Knorn, Oliver Mason, Robert Shorten
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2009)

In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a common linear co-positive Lyapunov function for a finite set of linear positive systems. Both the state dependent and arbitrary switching cases are considered. Our results reveal an interesting characterisation of ''linear'' stability for the arbitrary switching case; namely, the existence of such a linear Lyapunov function can be related to the requirement that a number of extreme systems are Metzler and Hurwitz stable. Examples are given to illustrate the implications of our results.
Regional land cover mapping in the humid tropics using combined optical and SAR satellite data: a case study from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: S. Erasmi, A. Twele
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2009)

The frequent mapping of the spatial extent of land cover and its change from satellite data at the regional level provides essential input to spatially explicit land use analysis and scenario modelling. The accuracy of a land cover map is the key factor describing the quality of a map, and hence affecting the results of land use modelling. In tropical regions, land cover mapping from optical satellites is hampered by cloud coverage and thus alternative data sources have to be evaluated. In the present study, data from Landsat-ETM+ and Envisat-ASAR satellite sensors were tested for their ability to assess small scaled landscape patterns in a tropical environment. A focus was on the detection of intensively managed perennial and intra-annual cropping systems (cocoa, rice). The results confirm previous knowledge about the general potential and advantages of multi-temporal SAR data compared to mono-temporal SAR-based mapping but also show the limitations of different polarization modes in SAR analysis for land cover mapping. In the present case study, cross-polarized data from Envisat-ASAR did not yield notable profit for tropical land cover mapping compared to common, co-polarized time series of ASAR data. However, the general outcome of the study underlines the synergy of optical and radar satellite data for land cover mapping in tropical regions.
Java Software Structures: Designing and Using Data Structures, 3rd edition
Authors: John Lewis, Joseph Chase
Venue: Lewis Series (2009)

KEY BENEFIT: Updated for Java 6.0, this coherent introduction to data structures allows readers to develop high-quality software systems using well-designed collections and algorithms. KEY TOPICS: Analysis of Algorithms; Collections; Linked Structures; Queues; Lists; Recursion; Sorting and Searching; Trees; Binary Search Trees; Priority Queues & Heaps; Multi-way Search Trees; Graphs; Hash Tables; Sets & Maps; Optional online case studies; Javadocs compatible code; UML appendixMARKET: Ideal for software systems professionals.
Perceptron training algorithms designed using discrete-time control Liapunov functions
Authors: Oumar Diene, Amit Bhaya
Venue: Neurocomputing (2009)

Perceptrons, proposed in the seminal paper McCulloch-Pitts of 1943, have remained of interest to neural network community because of their simplicity and usefulness in classifying linearly separable data and can be viewed as implementing iterative procedures for ''solving'' linear inequalities. Gradient descent and conjugate gradient methods, normally used for linear equalities, can be used to solve linear inequalities by simple modifications that have been proposed in the literature but not been analyzed completely. This paper applies a recently proposed control-inspired approach to the design of iterative steepest descent and conjugate gradient algorithms for perceptron training in batch mode, by regarding certain parameters of the training/algorithm as controls and then using a control Liapunov technique to choose appropriate values of these parameters.
Evaluation of fuzzy quantities by means of a weighting functions
Authors: Gisella Facchineti, Nicoletta Pacchiarotti
Venue: Proceeding of the 2009 conference on New Directions in Neural Networks: 18th Italian Workshop on Neural Networks: WIRN 2008 (2009)

We consider here fuzzy quantities, i.e. fuzzy sets without any hypothesis about normality nor convexity. Two main topics are examined: the first one consists in defining the evaluation of a fuzzy quantity, in such a way that it may be applied both in ranking and in defuzzification problems. The definition is based on α-cuts and depends on two parameters: a coefficient connected with the optimistic or pessimistic attitude of the decision maker and a weighting function similar to a density function. The second aim is showing that the proposed definition is suitable for defuzzifying the output of a fuzzy expert system: we treat a classical example discussed in [1], using several t-norms and t-conorms in aggregation procedures.
Software Profiling for Deterministic Replay Debugging of User Code
Authors: Satish Narayanasamy, Cristiano Pereira, Brad Calder
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the fifth SoMeT_06 (2006)

Significant time is spent by companies in trying to reproduce and fix bugs in their software. The process of testing and debugging can immensely benefit from a tool that supports Deterministic Replay Debugging (DRD). A tool that supports DRD will allow a user to record a program's execution in a log, and to deterministically replay every single instruction executed as part of the application using the log. In this paper, we present the BugNet software tool which can support DRD. It can handle all forms of non-determinism, including the non-determinism due to thread interactions in a multi-threaded application. Since the BugNet tool is operating system independent, a program execution that fails in a particular user's environment can be easily captured by the user in a log, and later reproduced by a developer working in a completely different environment. We also empirically quantify certain variables relevant to the DRD process. This includes anempirical analysis, that quantifies how much of a program execution has to belogged and replayed in order to understand the root cause of a bug. Further, we examine the potential benefit of using dynamic slicing along with our deterministic replay debugger.
A Quantitative Method for RSS Based Applications
Authors: Mingwei Yuan, Ping Jiang, Jian Wu
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Applications of Data Mining in E-Business and Finance (2008)

The RSS technique provides a fast and effective way to publish up-to-date information or renew outdated content for information subscribers. So far, RSS information is mostly managed by content publishers and Internet users have less initiative to choose what they really need. More attention needs to be paid on techniques for user-initiated information discovery from RSS feeds. In this paper, a quantitative semantic matchmaking method for RSS based applications is proposed. The semantic information of an RSS feed can be described by numerical vectors and semantic matching can then be conducted in a quantitative form. The ontology is applied to provide a common-agreed matching basis for the quantitative comparison. In order to avoid semantic ambiguity of literal statements from distributed RSS publishers, fuzzy inference is used to transform an individual-dependent vector into an individual-independent vector and semantic similarities can then be revealed as the result.
Multi-view Semi-supervised Learning: An Approach to Obtain Different Views from Text Datasets
Authors: Edson Takashi Matsubara, Maria Carolina Monard, Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Advances in Logic Based Intelligent Systems: Selected Papers of LAPTEC 2005 (2005)

The supervised machine learning approach usually requires a large number of labelled examples to learn accurately. However, labelling can be a costly and time consuming process, especially when manually performed. In contrast, unlabelled examples are usually inexpensive and easy to obtain. This is the case for text classification tasks involving on-line data sources, such as web pages, email and scientific papers. Semi-supervised learning, a relatively new area in machine learning, represents a blend of supervised and unsupervised learning, and has the potential of reducing the need of expensive labelled data whenever only a small set of labelled examples is available. Multi-view semi-supervised learning requires a partitioned description of each example into at least two distinct views. In this work, we propose a simple approach for textual documents pre-processing in order to easily construct the two different views required by any multi-view learning algorithm. Experimental results related to text classification are described, suggesting that our proposal to construct the views performs well in practice.
Implications of an experimental information technology curriculum for elementary students
Authors: Gregory S. Ching
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

The information technology (IT) of today forms an integral part of everyday living, thus the nurture of children's IT awareness early in life is crucial. Young children have an innate curiosity for IT which suggests that in the school environment it can easily be integrated with other subjects in thematic and interdisciplinary curriculum. This quasi-experimental study used the Technology Foundation Standards for Students of the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) project on National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) as the basis to design a thematic and interdisciplinary IT curriculum for elementary students. A total of 1273 elementary students and 12 computer teachers were separated into either a control or experimental group. After one academic year, students' final scores in English, mathematics, science, social studies, and art were gathered and compared. Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the experimental group's academic scores. Findings also suggested that an interdisciplinary curriculum design opened opportunity for collaborative work and cohesiveness among faculty. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to examine the long-term implications of a thematic and interdisciplinary IT curriculum design.
Threshold configuration and routing optimization for PCN-based resilient admission control
Authors: Michael Menth, Matthias Hartmann
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2009)

Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) in IP networks uses packet metering and marking within a PCN domain to notify its egress nodes whether link-specific admissible or supportable rate thresholds have been exceeded by high-priority traffic. Based on this information simple admission control and flow termination is implemented. The latter is a new flow control function and useful in case of overload through high priority traffic which can occur in spite of admission control, e.g., when traffic is rerouted in failure cases. Resilient admission control admits only so much traffic that admitted traffic can be rerouted without causing congestion on backup paths in case of a likely failures, e.g., single link failures. We propose algorithms to configure the link-specific PCN rate thresholds such that resources are utilized efficiently and fairly by competing traffic aggregates while meeting resilience constraints. This is done for the single and dual marking PCN architecture whereby the single marking case is more demanding since it requires that the supportable rate is a fixed multiple of the admissible rate on all links within a single PCN domain. Furthermore, we derive objective functions to optimize the underlying routing system for both cases. Our performance results for various network types show that the dual marking PCN architecture leads to significantly better resource efficiency than the single marking PCN architecture.