ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Using meta-objects to support optimisation in the Apertos operating system
Authors: Jun-ichiro Itoh, Rodger Lea, Yasuhiko Yokote
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies (COOTS) (1995)

The Apertos OS has explored the use of the meta-object model and reflection as a means to build highly flexible operating systems. While the benefits of such a system are great, the performance cost of a clean consistent use of the meta object model is high. Our initial work accepted this because of our desire to explore the model to its fullest. Recently we have turned our attention to optimisation techniques. Our work is interesting because we have tried to use the flexibility of the model to support our optimisations. This is in contrast to many systems that restrict or even compromise their initial model for the sake of performance. This paper outlines the Apertos system and discusses the optimisations we have made.
A Case Study on Integrating Extra-Functional Properties in Web Service Model-Driven Development
Authors: Guadalupe Ortiz, Juan Hernandez
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (2007)

Being one of the most promising current technologies, Web Services are at the crossing of distributed computing and loosely coupled systems. Although vendors provide multiple platforms for service implementation, service integrators, developers and providers demand approaches for managing service-oriented applications at all stages of development. In this sense, approaches such as Model-Driven Development (MDD) and Service Component Architecture (SCA) can be used jointly for modeling and integrating services regardless of the underlying platform technology. Besides, WS-Policy provides a standard description for extra-functional properties, which remains independent of both the final implementation and the binding to the service in question. In this paper we show a case study in which the aforementioned MDD, SCA and WS-Policy are assembled in order to develop web services and their extra-functional properties from a platform independent model, which is later transformed into platform specific ones and then into code.)
On Automated Policy Generation for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Cho-Yu J. Chiang, Gary Levin, Yitzchak M. Gottlieb, Ritu Chadha, Shihwei Li, Alex Poylisher, Scott Newman, Richard Lo
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (2007)

In this paper we describe an approach to the problem of automated policy generation for mobile ad hoc networks. The automated policy generation problem is difficult in its own right. It becomes even more challenging when the context environment to consider is a mobile ad hoc network. We have designed an optimization-based, utility-driven approach aimed at generating optimal policies with respect to the given network objectives. The main novelty of this approach is in the combination of optimization heuristics and network simulation to solve the problem. We describe this approach, present the software architecture of our implementation, and illustrate the approach with a case study on automated generation of DiffServ-based QoS policies for a 50-node mobile ad hoc network.
New design and implementation of adaptive-integration-time image sensor
Authors: T. Hamamoto
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

We describe a novel approach to enhance the performance of image sensing by integrating the processing element with an image sensor. We have been investigating a smart sensor which controls the integration time of every pixel independently. The integration time is controlled so that it has higher temporal resolution and wider dynamic range. We describe a new adaptive-integration-time image sensor which has 128/spl times/64 pixels. We have designed the VLSI prototype by using a column parallel architecture. In this new chip, the scheme to control the integration time is extended, and the pixel pitch processing speed and power consumption are much improved in comparison with our previous prototype. A 7-bit address encoder is newly implemented. We show some experimental results obtained with the prototype.
FFT based signaling for multimedia steganography
Authors: M. Ramkumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

This paper addresses good choices for the signaling method for multimedia steganography, or data hiding. A novel FFT based signaling method, with many properties that make it especially suitable for steganographic applications is proposed. The use of FFT permits large codebook sizes, without drastically increasing the computational complexity.
Generalization in the XCSF Classifier System: Analysis, Improvement, and Extension
Authors: Pier Luca Lanzi, Daniele Loiacono, Stewart W. Wilson, David E. Goldberg
Venue: Evolutionary Computation (2007)

We analyze generalization in XCSF and introduce three improvements. We begin by showing that the types of generalizations evolved by XCSF can be influenced by the input range. To explain these results we present a theoretical analysis of the convergence of classifier weights in XCSF which highlights a broader issue. In XCSF, because of the mathematical properties of the Widrow-Hoff update, the convergence of classifier weights in a given subspace can be slow when the spread of the eigenvalues of the autocorrelation matrix associated with each classifier is large. As a major consequence, the system's accuracy pressure may act before classifier weights are adequately updated, so that XCSF may evolve piecewise constant approximations, instead of the intended, and more efficient, piecewise linear ones. We propose three different ways to update classifier weights in XCSF so as to increase the generalization capabilities of XCSF: one based on a condition-based normalization of the inputs, one based on linear least squares, and one based on the recursive version of linear least squares. Through a series of experiments we show that while all three approaches significantly improve XCSF, least squares approaches appear to be best performing and most robust. Finally we show how XCSF can be extended to include polynomial approximations.
HMM and neural network based speech act detection
Authors: K. Ries
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

We present an incremental lattice generation approach to speech act detection for spontaneous and overlapping speech in telephone conversations (CallHome Spanish). At each stage of the process it is therefore possible to use different models after the initial HMM models have generated a reasonable set of hypothesis. These lattices can be processed further by more complex models. This study shows how neural networks can be used very effectively in the classification of speech acts. We find that speech acts can be classified better using the neural net based approach than using the more classical ngram backoff model approach. The best resulting neural network operates only on unigrams and the integration of the ngram backoff model as a prior to the model reduces the performance of the model. The neural network can therefore more likely be robust against errors from an LVCSR system and can potentially be trained from a smaller database.
Improving Clinical Path Management Strategies by Constructive Induction
Authors: Matej Mertik, Milan Zorman, Bojan Zalar
Venue: Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2007)

Digitalization of data has provided self understandable aspect of collect, store and retrieve large amounts of documents in databases, data repositories and data warehouses. Discovery of knowledge hidden in these databases can provide organizations with insight into there own internal intellectual assets. However, how to interpret meaningful information from this data remains one of the important challenges. This paper emphasizes importance of the preprocess part of KDD in such large data repositories. A health care organization study is used as an illustrative example where the KDD methods of C5.0 and CART are used. With careful analysis on large data, such as the use of proper feature sets, appropriate sampling sets, important meaningful information as insight into clinical pathways are discovered.
Prediction and measurement of acoustic crosstalk cancellation robustness
Authors: F. Orduna-Bustamante
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

The condition number of the matrix of electro-acoustic head-related transfer functions (HRTF) in a two-channel sound reproduction system has been used as a measure of robustness of the Atal-Schroeder (1962) crosstalk canceler. A comparative study has been made using results produced by computer simulations and HRTFs measured in an anechoic chamber by means of a dummy head. It has been found that acoustic scattering by the head has a very important and beneficial influence on robustness, specially for large loudspeaker separations. For narrow loudspeaker separations of less than about 40 degrees it is found that crosstalk cancellation exhibits a large variation of alternating very low and very high robustness. Also, simulations and measurements have been made of the natural channel separation under the same conditions. Scattering by the head is seen to provide a good level of natural channel separation at high frequencies and large loudspeaker angles. At low frequencies or small loudspeaker angles natural channel separation is poor.
High-performance caching with the Lava hit-server
Authors: Jochen Liedtke, Vsevolod Panteleenko, Trent Jaeger, Nayeem Islam
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1998)

With the development of new client-server computing models, such as thin clients and network computers, the performance of servers becomes a bottleneck. In these models, servers support a large number of clients. They download significant amounts of data to their clients in the form of graphics, executables (e.g., applets), and video. We present an architecture for building high-performance server systems that can efficiently serve large local clusters of NCs or other clients. The key component in our architecture is a generic cache module that is designed to fully utilize available bus bandwidth. Our experiments show that such a server system can achieve throughput rates of up to 36,000 transactions per second. We detail the design and implementation of the generic cache component, describe its use in the implementation of a sample server system, and show how the architecture can be scaled.
The search for a context to support mathematical learning
Authors: A. M. Urbina
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Summary form only given. Mathematical concepts and topics that are considered difficult to teach and/or hard to understand are identified. For each one of them, a corresponding "teaching context", i.e., a presentation framework which uses resources that are close to the students' knowledge and experience, is determined. Evaluation forms and procedures to compare the final performance of the experimental and control courses are also prepared.
Speech enhancement using nonlinear microphone array with noise adaptive complementary beamforming
Authors: H. Saruwatari
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

This paper describes an improved complementary beamforming microphone array with a new noise adaptation. Complementary beamforming is based on two types of beamformers designed to obtain complementary directivity patterns. In this system, two directivity patterns of the beamformers are adapted to the noise directions so that the expectation values of each noise power spectrum are minimized. Using this technique, we can realize the directional nulls for each noise even when the number of sound sources exceeds that of microphones. To evaluate the effectiveness, speech enhancement experiments are performed based on computer simulations with a two-element array and three sound sources. Compared with the conventional spectral subtraction method cascaded with the adaptive beamformer, it is shown that the proposed array improves the signal-to-noise ratio of degraded speech by more than 6 dB and performs more than 18% better in word recognition rates when the interfering noise is two speakers.
Using a Context Quality Measure for Improving Smart Appliances
Authors: Martin Berchtold, Christian Decker, Till Riedel, Tobias Zimmer, Michael Beigl
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (2007)

Many Ubicomp appliances require the recognition of context. Existing context systems do not provide information about the quality of the context recognizied to the appliance at runtime. In this paper we propose the first context quality system which gives quantitave measures, the Context Quality Measure (CQM), in real time. The CQM can be used by application to improve decision quality when interpreting context values. Our Fuzzy Inference System based approach considers the context detection algorithm as a black-box. It is therefore able to give generalized independet context quality measures and is applicable as an add-on to any context recognition system. A first practical implementation shows a gain of 33% in context detection quality in tested application scenarios.
Socio-technical Self-Description as a Means for Projects of Introducing Computer Supported Cooperation
Authors: Thomas Herrmann, Gabriele Kunau, Kai-Uwe Loser
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The concept of socio-technical self-descriptions can be employed to run CSCW-projects where several perspectives have to be integrated in a process of decision making. The decisions are related to technical as well as organizational structures and their interplay. Current approaches do not sufficiently match the challenge to facilitate the communication processes during CSCW-projects. The alignment of software-development and configuration on the one hand with organizational changes and regulations on the other hand need specific forms of documentation which can be considered as a kind of self-description. In this paper we explain how semi-structured diagrams can fulfill these requirements, if they are embedded in appropriately facilitated communication processes. We provide guidelines and recommendations which were derived from several case studies and were refined during a project which planned to support the cooperation between truck drivers and dispatches by using mobile pocketPCs.
Combining groupware and total quality management principles to improve engineering students' teamwork skills
Authors: J. Leininger, J. Robinson
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 - Volume 02 (1995)

Studies have revealed industry's concern that engineering graduates lack the ability to communicate effectively and work in team settings. In response to these concerns, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a successful format to address these problems. The format integrates engineering students, a total quality management (TQM) philosophy and groupware technology. A Georgia Tech TQM class utilized a groupware system for brainstorming and ranking priorities. Specifically, the students responded to the question: "Given your understanding of the TQM principles of continuous improvement, if you could make one recommendation to the President of Georgia Tech about how he could improve the Tech experience, what would you recommend?" The study was conducted in 14 one-hour lab settings with an average group size of eight students. The groupware system was configured for anonymity. Within each session, the students could see and respond to each other's comments in real time. The groupware enabled them to observe their communication process, to "listen" to one another and realize the benefit of team dialogue. Each group developed a prioritized list, along with supporting comments, of recommendations for improvement. The results were forwarded to the administration of Georgia Tech for consideration in its strategic planning process.
Quality Attributes for Service-Oriented Architectures
Authors: Liam O'Brien, Paulo Merson, Len Bass
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops (2007)

The SOA approach is a very popular choice today for the implementation of distributed systems. The use of SOA or more specifically the Web services technology is an important architecture decision. An architect should understand how different quality attributes for a system are impacted by that decision. While there are significant benefits with respect to interoperability and modifiability, other qualities such as performance, security and testability are concerns. This paper discusses how the different quality attributes of a system can be positively or negatively affected by the use of such technology. It describes the factors related to each attribute, as well as possible tradeoffs and existing efforts to achieve that quality. The paper also discusses open issues in service level agreements that are used to contract the level of service quality between service providers and users.
Transgenetic algorithm: a new evolutionary perspective for heuristics design
Authors: Elizabeth F. G. Goldbarg, Marco C. Goldbarg, Ligia B. Bagi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 GECCO conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation (2007)

Transgenetic algorithms are evolutionary computing techniques based on living processes where cooperation is the main evolutionary strategy. Those processes contain the movement of genetic material between living beings and endosymbiotic interactions. With the objective of having a better approximation between the proposed metaphor and the reality the algorithm also considers intracellular mechanisms of genetic information transposition and the quorum sensing, that is, the bacteria's ability for communicating and coordinating actions. To illustrate the application of a transgenetic algorithm to a difficult combinatorial optimization problem, an example is provided for the Traveling Purchaser Problem. The introduced approach is compared with two recent heuristics proposed for the same problem. The results of a computational experiment are reported and 9 new best solutions for benchmark instances are presented.
Clutter mitigation techniques for space-based radar
Authors: S. M. Kogon
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

The mission of a ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar, as its name implies, is to detect and classify ground-based vehicles, even ones with very low velocities. This type of radar can provide a wide area of coverage and frequent updates of a specific area of interest if the radar is placed on a satellite with a low Earth orbit. However because of the large footprint of the radar on the ground and the high satellite velocity target signals must compete with very strong, nearby clutter. This paper describes how space-time adaptive processing (STAP) can be used for the purposes of clutter rejection in order to perform the GMTI function. In addition, we confront several important issues for a space-based radar such as pulse repetition frequency (PRF) selection, the choice of a STAP algorithm, and the number of spatial channels. These results are quantified in terms of clutter cancellation and angle accuracy.
Pseudo affine Wigner distributions
Authors: P. Goncalves
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

We define a new set of tools for time-varying spectral analysis: the pseudo affine Wigner distributions. Based on the affine Wigner distributions of J. and P. Bertrand (1992), these new time-frequency distributions support efficient online operation at the same computational cost as the continuous wavelet transform. Moreover, they take advantage of the proportional bandwidth smoothing inherent in the sliding structure of their implementation to suppress cumbersome interference components. To formalize their place within the echelon of the affine class of time-frequency distributions, we extend the definition of this class and introduce other natural generators.
A unique laboratory for teaching administrative aspects of computer networking
Authors: M. Ukigai
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

Explosive growth of the Internet has brought forth a shortage of skilled engineers to design, construct and maintain an appropriate LAN environment in the majority of the organizations connecting to the Internet. However, it is generally difficult to construct a practical learning environment where learners are able to experiment with administrative tasks without any risks. This paper proposes a unique laboratory approach for teaching administrative aspects of computer networking. For the authors' purpose, sixteen SPARCstation 5/85 are currently employed, which were originally intended to be replaced. Each workstation has a SCSI hard disk, which is easily installable with a convenient attachment. Considering this mechanism results in a unique laboratory for teaching administrative aspects of computer networking. The idea is to prepare pre-installed hard disks with functionality such as a DNS server, that can be used as a building block to construct experimental LAN configurations easily. Necessary server functionalities have been identified considering typical learning patterns based on their administrative experiences, and on the evaluation of the laboratory currently in use.
Evolving strategies for software architecture and reuse: Research Sections
Authors: Josef Nedstam, Mark Staples
Venue: Software Process: Improvement and Practice (2007)

To achieve their business objectives, software developing companies employ different technical and managerial strategies concerning architecture and reuse. These strategies include component-based development, software platforms, product lines and highly configurable code bases. Frameworks for describing these strategies have recently emerged, presenting them in orders of &lsquo;increasing maturity&rsquo;, with researchers declaring specific architectural strategies to be more mature than others. Such frameworks can be useful in helping a company realize a particular architectural strategy but they do not provide guidelines concerning which architectural strategies are appropriate for companies in particular situations. Different companies have different needs&mdash;the business context and business goals of a company will determine which architectural strategy is most suitable for that company. There is no universally &lsquo;most mature&rsquo; strategy. In this article, we have studied architectural situations in thirteen companies in order to determine why and how these companies have moved between architectural strategies and how these relate to reuse and business goals and conditions. We present a framework for describing these and provide guidelines for companies about how to traverse the maze of architectural evolution. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.