ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Full-duplex fast estimation of echo and channel responses in the presence of frequency offsets in both far echo and far signal
Authors: Weiping Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

The problem of reducing the initialization time of the echo cancellers and the channel equalizers in modems is extremely important for high-speed full-duplex data transmission over two-wire lines. In a previous publication Chen et al. (see IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol.41, no.5, 1995) proposed a full-duplex fast training procedure for simultaneously estimating the echo and channel responses. It reduces the tap-setting time to half of that required by the traditional half-duplex fast training schemes. However, its estimation accuracy may be degraded by the frequency offsets in both the far echo and far signal that are caused by the analog carrier network. We extend the previous work and develop a new algorithm that can compensate for the frequency offsets in both the far echo and far signal. The performance of the new method is analyzed in terms of the mean-square error. Simulation results are presented to confirm the analysis.
Anonymous Routing in MANET Using Random Identifiers
Authors: Reza Shokri, Maysam Yabandeh, Nasser Yazdani
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

Anonymous communication methods, try to prevent traffic analysis attacks by hiding nodes' identities from outside observers. As a result, adversaries can not find any correlation between observed traffic patterns and nodes' real information. In this paper, we have introduced PseudoAODV protocol in which origin identifiers of nodes are replaced by randomly generated pseudonyms in Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing scheme. The main contribution of our protocol is improving AODV to provide sender/recipient and relationship anonymity with the least computational overhead. Simulation results shows the lower imposed overhead of our method in comparison with similar protocols.
Using High-Order Methods on Adaptively Refined Block-Structured Meshes: Derivatives, Interpolations, and Filters
Authors: Jaideep Ray, Christopher A. Kennedy, Sophia Lefantzi, Habib N. Najm
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2007)

Block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is used for efficient resolution of partial differential equations (PDEs) solved on large computational domains by clustering mesh points only where required by large gradients. Previous work has indicated that fourth-order convergence can be achieved on such meshes by using a suitable combination of high-order derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils and can deliver significant computational savings over conventional second-order methods at engineering error tolerances. In this paper, we explore the interactions between the errors introduced by the discretized operators for derivatives, interpolations, and filters. We develop general expressions for high-order derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils applicable in multiple dimensions, using a Fourier approach, to facilitate high-order block-structured AMR implementations. These stencils are derived under the assumption that the fields that they are applied to are smooth. For a given derivative stencil (and thus a given order of accuracy), the necessary interpolation order is found to be dependent on the highest spatial derivative in the PDE being solved. This is demonstrated empirically, using one- and two-dimensional model equations, by observing the increase in delivered accuracy as the order of accuracy of the interpolation stencil is increased. We also examine the empirically observed order of convergence, as the effective resolution of the mesh is increased by successively adding levels of refinement, with different orders of derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils. The procedure devised here is modular and its various pieces, i.e., the derivative, interpolation, and filter stencils, can be extended independently to higher orders and dimensions (in the case of interpolation stencils). The application of these methods often requires nontrivial logic, especially near domain boundaries; this logic, along with the stencils used in this study, are available as a freely downloadable software library.
Towards language independent acoustic modeling
Authors: W. Byrne
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

We describe procedures and experimental results using speech from diverse source languages to build an ASR system for a single target language. This work is intended to improve ASR in languages for which large amounts of training data are not available. We have developed both knowledge-based and automatic methods to map phonetic units from the source languages to the target language. We employed HMM adaptation techniques and discriminative model combination to combine acoustic models from the individual source languages for recognition of speech in the target language. Experiments are described in which Czech Broadcast News is transcribed using acoustic models trained from small amounts of Czech read speech augmented by English, Spanish, Russian, and Mandarin acoustic models.
A hybrid information maximisation (HIM) algorithm for optimal feature selection from multi-channel data
Authors: A. Al-Ani
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

A novel feature selection algorithm is derived for multi-channel data. This algorithm is a hybrid information maximisation (HIM) technique based on (1) maximising the mutual information between the input and output of a network using the infomax algorithm proposed by Linsker (1988), and (2) maximising the mutual information between outputs of different network modules using the Imax algorithm introduced by Becker (see Network Computation in Neural Systems, vol.7, p.7-31, 1996). The infomax algorithm is useful in reducing the redundancy in the output units, while the Imax algorithm is capable of selecting higher order features from the input units. In this paper, we analyse the two methods and generalise the learning procedure of the Imax algorithm to make it suitable for maximising the mutual information between multi-dimensional output units from different network modules contrary to the original Imax algorithm which only maximises mutual information between two output units. We show that the proposed HIM algorithm provides a better representation of the input compared to the original two algorithms when used separately. Finally, the HIM is evaluated with respect to biological plausibility in the case of feature selection from two-channel EEG data.
Multitaper estimation of bicoherence
Authors: Y. Birkelund
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

The statistical properties for bicoherence estimation are shown to be strongly connected to the properties of the power- and bispectral estimator used. Data tapering will reduce spectral leakage and frequency smoothing will reduce the variance. It is shown that correct normalization is essential to ensure unbiased results. The multitaper approach is shown to be superior to other non-parametric estimators for bicoherence estimation.
An embedded high-performance network measurement architecture
Authors: Tilman Wolf
Venue:  (2006)

Measurement has always been an integral part of network operation. However, the current trend of increasing functionality being performed inside the network has complicated the task of network measurement. This work aims to design a next generation measurement architecture which is capable of performing measurement tasks inside the network and presenting results in real-time. Operational challenges such as IP address anonymization and payload scanning are addressed and solutions are proposed. The increasing use of network processors in routers and switches provides an ideal platform on which the measurement system can be built. Based on the proposed architecture, a network processor based measurement node is designed, implemented and deployed in a live network. The need to characterize network processing is motivated and a system to quantitatively analyze workloads is presented. The results of this work enable more effective measurement and monitoring of networks and a deeper insight into the characteristics of network processing.
Efficient Algorithms for Problems with Friction
Authors: S. Hu&uml;eber, A. Matei, B. I. Wohlmuth
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2007)

In this paper, a nonconforming discretization method for the frictional contact between two bodies subjected to antiplane shear deformation is considered. The method is based on a mixed variational formulation where dual basis functions are used for the discretization of the Lagrange multiplier. Under some regularity assumptions on the solution, an optimal a priori error estimate is obtained. To solve the discrete nonlinear problem an inexact primal-dual active set strategy is introduced. Finally, numerical examples confirming the theoretical result for the a priori error estimate and illustrating the performance of the algorithm are presented. The results can easily be generalized to the case of Coulomb friction. For this case a numerical example is given.
Right professional behavior: a classroom exercise using professional codes
Authors: M. A. Dyrud
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Codes of ethics are controversial, but they can be useful pedagogically. This paper offers a brief look at the professional literature about codes and details a classroom exercise intended to increase student awareness about the expectations and standards of professional behavior. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A comparison of circular object detection using Hough transform and chord intersection
Authors: Mohamed Rizon, Haniza Yazid, Puteh Saad
Venue: Proceedings of the Geometric Modelling and Imaging (2007)

In this paper, the circular Hough transform (CHT) and the chord intersection have been used to find the circular object in the feature extraction process. The chord intersection technique does not require any gradient information which may be sensitive to noise meanwhile for the CHT technique, the gradient information has been used. In this research, the coconut was selected as the object of interest. 40 images have been experimented to evaluate the performance of the techniques and the detection rate for the CHT is 92.5% and 85% for the chord intersection technique. The average computational time for chord intersection technique is 0.1495s by CPU (AMD Athlon 64x2 Dual core 3800) 2GHz meanwhile CHT consumed more time, 2.3871s in detecting the circular pattern.
Three studies of problem solving in collaborative software development
Authors: Alan R. Hevner, Rosann Webb Collins
Venue:  (2006)

A potential solution to producing quality software in an acceptable time frame may be found by using the newer, innovative methods, such as collaborative software development. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the individual developer characteristics, developmental settings, collaborative methods and the processes during development that impact collaborative programming performance and satisfaction outcomes. Understanding individual differences in performance in the collaborative development setting is important, since it may help us understand how the collaborative setting may raise the lowest level of performance to much higher levels, as well as how to select individuals for collaborative development. Exploring the impact of the virtual setting on collaborative development processes is important as it may help us improve performance outcomes in different work settings. Investigating how adaptations of pair programming impact collaborative processes may assist in implementing changes to the method that enhance quality and individual satisfaction. A multi-phase methodology is used, consisting of an intensive process study (Study 1) and two laboratory experiments (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 illustrates that collaborative programming (pair programming) outcomes are moderated by both individual developer differences and the processes used during development. While cognitive ability and years of IT experience are important factors in performance, the impacts of conflict and the faithful appropriation of the method are highlighted. Distributed cognition is used as a theoretical foundation for explaining higher performance. Study 2 findings suggest that while collaborative programming is possible in a virtual setting, performance is negatively impacted. Face-to-face programmers have significantly higher levels of task performance, as well as satisfaction with the method, when compared to virtual programmers. Study 3 results suggests that the use of structured problem solving (preparing test cases before writing code) may be a key factor in producing higher quality code, while collaboration may be indusive to higher levels of developer satisfaction. By understanding how, why and when collaborative programming techniques produce better performance outcomes and what factors contribute to that success, we add to the body of knowledge on methodologies in the MIS domain.
Designing New Product Scenarios for Patent by Human-Interactive Annealing with Pictogram
Authors: Kenichi Horie, Yoshiharu Maeno, Yukio Ohsawa
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining - Workshops (2006)

Latent structure behind observation often plays an important role in the dynamics of visible events. Such latent structure is composed of invisible events named dark event. Human-interactive annealing is developed to visualize and understand dark events. This paper presents application of the human-interactive annealing with Pictogram for designing new product scenarios for patent from latent technology structure behind current patented technology. Pictogram aided examinees not only to reinterpret the event map more precisely and deeply but also to create six new scenarios for paten. Two of them are novel scenarios and worthy of consideration for new patent application.
Achieving fine-grained access control in virtual organizations: Research Articles
Authors: N. Zhang, L. Yao, A. Nenadic, J. Chin, C. Goble, A. Rector, D. Chadwick, S. Otenko, Q. Shi
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2007)

In a virtual organization environment, where services and data are provided and shared among organizations from different administrative domains and protected with dissimilar security policies and measures, there is a need for a flexible authentication framework that supports the use of various authentication methods and tokens. The authentication strengths derived from the authentication methods and tokens should be incorporated into an access-control decision-making process, so that more sensitive resources are available only to users authenticated with stronger methods. This paper reports our on-going efforts in designing and implementing such a framework to facilitate multi-level and multi-factor adaptive authentication and authentication strength linked fine-grained access control. The proof-of-concept prototype is designed and implemented in the Shibboleth and PERMIS infrastructures, which specifies protocols to federate authentication and authorization information and provides a policy-driven, role-based, access-control decision-making capability. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared Thermal Measurement System for Evaluating Model-Based Thermal Displays
Authors: Hsin-Ni Ho, Lynette A. Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2007)

A thermal measurement system was designed and fabricated to assist in the validation of a thermal model in characterizing skin temperature during handobject interactions. An infrared measurement system was used to overcome the limitations imposed by contact thermal sensors. It is able to measure the temperature distribution across the fingerpad during contact, together with contact area and contact force. The performance of this system was evaluated with calibration tests and the results indicated that this system is capable of providing accurate temperature measurements. With this system, analyses of the changes in skin temperature as a function of contact pressure were conducted. These analyses permitted the validation of a thermal model proposed in a previous study and the results indicate that the thermal model is able to predict skin temperature during contact. The model can simulate the properties of different materials in a thermal display.
An HMM-based method for Thai spelling speech recognition
Authors: C. Pisarn, T. Theeramunkong
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2007)

Spelling speech recognition can be applied for several purposes including enhancement of speech recognition systems and implementation of name retrieval systems. This paper presents an approach to construct three recognizers for the three commonly-used Thai spelling methods based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). The Thai phonetic characteristics, alphabet system and spelling methods are analyzed. For the first spelling method, two recognizers, each trained from a small spelling corpus and an existing large continuous speech corpus, are explored. To solve utterance speed difference between spelling utterances and continuous speech utterances, the adjustment of utterance speed is taken into account. Two alternative language models, bigram and trigram, are investigated to evaluate the performance of spelling speech recognition under three different environments: close-type, open-type and mix-type language models. For the first spelling method, our approach achieves up to 93.09% letter correct rate (LCR) and 92.45% letter accuracy (LA) when the language model is trigram under the mix-type environment and the acoustic model is trained from the small spelling corpus. Under the same conditions, we obtained 81.12% LCR and 76.32% LA for the second spelling method and 78.47% LCR and 71.75% LA for the third spelling method. By analyzing the results, it was found that the main source of the errors was letter substitution, which is mostly triggered by the confusion of similar consonant phones and the confusion of short/long vowel pairs.
Using deltas to analyze data dependencies and semantic correctness in the recovery of concurrent process execution
Authors: Susan Urban
Venue:  (2006)

This research has developed an approach for analyzing data dependencies in a distributed environment, providing a rule-based mechanism to support semantic correctness in the recovery of concurrently executing processes over Grid Services. Delta-Enabled Grid Services are used to capture incremental data changes, known as deltas, from processes that execute over distributed services. Deltas are forwarded to a Process History Capture System (PHCS) that constructs a global process execution history to support the analysis of data dependencies when process failure occurs. An abstract execution model has been developed that is composed of three sub-models: (1) a service composition and recovery model defining the hierarchical composition structure with recovery features for backward recovery and forward execution; (2) a process dependency model defining and analyzing read and write dependencies among concurrently executing processes; and, (3) a rule-based model that uses process interference rules to specify how failure recovery of one process can potentially affect other process execution based on application semantics. A Process Recovery System (PRS) implements the recovery algorithms associated with the abstract execution model. A simulation framework has been developed to demonstrate the functionality of the PHCS and PRS for concurrent process recovery and to conduct performance evaluation on the PHCS and PRS. The results of this research support relaxed isolation and application-dependent semantic correctness for concurrent process execution, with a unique approach to resolving the impact of process failure and recovery on other concurrently executing processes, using data dependencies derived from distributed, autonomous services.
Human Total Cost of Ownership: The Penny Foolish Principle at Work
Authors: Wayne Zachary, Robert R. Hoffman, Kelly Neville, Jennifer Fowlkes
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Typical procurement processes rarely result in intelligent, human-centered technologies. Alltoo often, we see instances of the Penny Foolish Principle of complex cognitive systems: "Afocus on short-term cost considerations, as a main driving force in procuring new informationtechnology, always comes with a hefty price down the road, a price that always weighs mostheavily on users' shoulders." Countless program managers, system designers, and cognitivesystems engineers have participated in projects culminating in technologies that were highlyconstrained by short-term cost factors. Any procurement process for intelligent systems that is sensitive to human-centering issues should estimate the human total cost of ownership in one way or another, using empirical data, historical data, various parameters of componentacquisition, and any other pertinent data that might be brought to bear. Allocating costsspecifically to human-centering and cognitive systems engineering aspects of technologyR&D will mitigate human-machine interaction issues, decrease training costs, anddecrease maintenance costs, thus benefiting the service or system owner over thetechnology's lifetime.
Self-replicating hardware for reliability: The embryonics project
Authors: Gianluca Tempesti, Daniel Mange, Pierre-Andre Mudry, Joël Rossier, Andre Stauffer
Venue: ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC) (2007)

The multicellular structure of biological organisms and the interpretation in each of their cells of a chemical program (the DNA string or genome) is the source of inspiration for the Embryonics (embryonic electronics) project, whose final objective is the design of highly robust integrated circuits, endowed with properties usually associated with the living world: self-repair and self-replication. In this article, we provide an overview of our latest research in the domain of the self-replication of processing elements within a programmable logic substrate, a key prerequisite for achieving system-level fault tolerance in our bio-inspired approach.
Dynamic insertion of object services
Authors: Ajay Mohindra, George Copeland, Murthy Devarakonda
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies (COOTS) (1995)

This paper presents our experiments with dynamic insertion of object services, where dynamic insertion is defined as adding services to object instances at runtime. In contrast, the static approach is defined as adding services to objects at class definition time. Dynamic insertion allows class implementors to concentrate on the basic functionality for objects, freeing them from the chores of providing normal system services such as persistence, transactions, and concurrency. This paper compares the dynamic insertion approach to the static approach using two benchmarks. The two key contributions of the paper are: (1) It shows how to use the dynamic insertion of services in well known benchmarks; (2) It demonstrates that the dynamic insertion approach incurs low overhead.