ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Scalable audio coding using the nonuniform modulated complex lapped transform
Authors: A. S. Scheuble
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

This paper introduces a scalable audio coder using the nonuniform modulated complex lapped transform (NMCLT), which is a new nonuniform oversampled filter bank with a better combination of time- and frequency-domain localization than previous designs. Masking functions for different critical Bark bands are first calculated directly from the NMCLT coefficients as perceptual weights and arithmetic coding is then used to compress bit planes of the weighted NMCLT coefficients to generate a perceptually scalable audio bitstream. The loss in coding performance due to oversampling is offset by limiting the amount of redundancy in the transform and exploiting the correlations among the NMCLT basis functions. Experiments show that our new coder outperforms a coder with the modulated lapped transform (MLT) both objectively and subjectively.
Question model for intelligent questioning systems in engineering education
Authors: S. A. Zahorian
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

This paper describes the development of a question model to be used with an intelligent questioning system. The purpose of the intelligent questioning system is to improve the educational process in engineering courses by allowing students to learn more in less time, to understand more deeply, and to enjoy their learning experience. Key elements of this system are a question model and an adaptive question management system that uses a hierarchical knowledge map to direct the learning process based on the student's degree of understanding of individual or grouped concepts. Although there are several online computer-based questioning systems, they typically have no built-in help, no guidance if questions are answered incorrectly, no method for selecting questions based on the students needs, and no comprehensive monitoring of a student's progress through a knowledge map not only of the course but also of the curriculum.
X-ray medical image processing using directional wavelet transform
Authors: Lihua Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

Multi-resolution and multi-orientation are part of the biological mechanism of human visual system. The interest in multi-resolution image analysis has been growing rapidly. Comparatively, however, the multi-orientation method has received less attention. Based on the relationship between multifrequency channel decomposition and the wavelet model developed by Mallat [1989], a combined multiresolution/multi-orientation representation by directional wavelet transform (DWT) is introduced in this paper. Because of its high orientation selectivity, the DWT allows the processing of directional information more efficiently. It is applied successfully to feature enhancement and extraction of X-ray mammographic images.
Maximum entropy principle with imprecise side-conditions III: Crisp continuous solutions
Authors: James J. Buckley
Venue: Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications (2007)

In this paper we consider the maximum entropy principle with imprecise side-conditions, where the imprecise side-conditions are modeled as fuzzy sets. In two previous papers our solution produced: (1) fuzzy discrete probability distributions and fuzzy probability density functions; and (2) crisp discrete probability distributions. In this paper we consider only continuous probability density functions and we have the constraint that the solution must be crisp (non-fuzzy).
A 'gammachirp' function as an optimal auditory filter with the Mellin transform
Authors: I. Toshio
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

A 'gammachirp' function has been derived as an optimal auditory filter function in terms of minimal uncertainty in a joint time and modified-scale representation if the scale transform defined by Cohen (1989) is used in the auditory system. The gammatone function, which is widely used as the impulse response of a linear auditory filter, is a first-order approximation of the 'gammachirp' function consisting of a chirp carrier with an envelope that is a gamma distribution function. The optimality of the 'gammachirp' function is argued for the general Mellin transform since Cohen's scale transform is a specific example of the Mellin transform. A sample speech signal is analyzed to demonstrate the properties of a joint time and scale distribution derived with a short-time Mellin transform in comparison with a short-time Fourier spectrum.
Formal Verification of CHP Specifications with CADP Illustration on an Asynchronous Network-on-Chip
Authors: Gwen Salaun, Wendelin Serwe, Yvain Thonnart, Pascal Vivet
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (2007)

Few formal verification techniques are currently available for asynchronous designs. In this paper, we describe a new approach for the formal verification of asynchronous architectures described in the high-level language CHP, by using model checking techniques provided by the CADP toolbox. Our proposal is based on an automatic translation from CHP into LOTOS, the process algebra used in CADP. A translator has been implemented, which handles full CHP including the specific probe operator. The CADP toolbox capabilities allow the designer to verify properties such as deadlock-freedom or protocol correctness on substantial systems. Our approach has been successfully applied to formally verify two complex designs. In this paper, we illustrate our technique on an asynchronous Network-on-Chip architecture. Its formal verification highlights the need to carefully design systems exhibiting nondeterministic behavior.
The Integrated Enterprise: Enterprise Architecture, Investment Process and System Development
Authors: Christopher Emery, Stephanie M. Faison, Jonathan Houk, John S. "Stan" Kirk
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The enterprise architecture provides benefits to the organization that utilizes it. However, ifthe enterprise architecture is not tightly coupled with other entelprise level programs such as investment management and system development process, its overall effectiveness is compromised. This paper will identzfi the process integration and enterprise architecture touchpoints from the perspective of the investment management process and it outlines an overall Integrated Enterprise Life Cycle process flow. The paper also presents a case study of the implementation of the enterprise life cycle process flow.
Fast Duplicate Address Detection for Seamless Inter-Domain Handoff in All-IPv6 Mobile Networks
Authors: Tsan-Pin Wang, Jui-Hsien Chuang
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2007)

In All-IP networks, each computer or communication equipment needs an IP address. To supply enough IP addresses, the new Internet protocol IPv6 will be used in next generation mobile communication. Although IPv6 improves the existing Internet protocol (IPv4), Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) mechanism may consume resources and suffer from long delay. DAD is used to make sure whether the IP address is unique or not. When a mobile node performs an inter-domain handoff, it will first generate a new IP and perform a DAD procedure. The DAD procedure not only wastes time but also increases the signaling load on Internet. In this paper, we propose a new DAD mechanism to speed up the DAD procedure. We create a DAD table in access or mobility routers in All-IP networks and record all IP addresses of the area. When a new IP address needs to perform DAD, it can just search in the DAD table to confirm the uniqueness of the address. Furthermore, we propose a new method, Fast Duplicate Address Detection (Fast DAD), to reduce data search time. Simulation results show that our method outperforms the existing DAD methods.
Improving Content-Oriented XML Retrieval by Exploiting Small Elements
Authors: Philipp Dopichaj
Venue: Proceedings of the 24th British National Conference on Databases (2007)

XML element retrieval aims at finding the best elements satisfying a user's information need. Elements spanning only a few words, like titles or italicized phrases, are not in themselves useful results, but they can support the relevance of their enclosing elements. For example, if a section's title contains the key words from the user's query, the title itself is unlikely to be a useful result, but the section is very likely to be useful. This paper provides an overview of methods for exploiting small elements for better retrieval results, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Using the INEX testbed, we show that small elements can indeed provide useful retrieval hints, and we evaluate the trade-offs.
Discriminating speakers with vocal nodules using aerodynamic and acoustic features
Authors: J. Kuo
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

This paper demonstrates that linear discriminant analysis using aerodynamic and acoustic features is effective in discriminating speakers with vocal-fold nodules from normal speakers. Simultaneous aerodynamic and acoustic measurements of vocal function were taken of 14 women with bilateral vocal-fold nodules and 12 women with normal voice production. Features were extracted from the glottal airflow waveform and peaks in the acoustic spectrum for the vowel /ae/. Results show that the subglottal pressure, air flow, and open quotient are increased in the nodules group. Estimated first-formant bandwidths are increased, but result in minimal change in the first-formant amplitudes. There is no appreciable decrease in high frequency energy. Speakers with nodules may be compensating for the nodules by increasing the subglottal pressure, resulting in relatively good acoustics but increased air flows. The two best features for discrimination are open quotient and subglottal pressure.
Declarative specification of data-intensive web sites
Authors: Mary Fernández, Dan Suciu, Igor Tatarinov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Conference on Domain-Specific Languages - Volume 2 (1999)

Integrated information systems are often realized as data-intensive Web sites, which integrate data from multiple data sources. We present a system, called STRUDEL, for specifying and generating data-intensive Web sites. STRUDEL separates the tasks of accessing and integrating a site's data sources, building its structure, and generating its HTML representation. STRUDEL's declarative query language, called StruQL, supports the first two tasks. Unlike ad-hoc database queries, a StruQL query is a software artifact that must be extensible and reusable. To support more modular and reusable site-definition queries, we extend StruQL with functions and describe how the new language, FunStruQL, better supports common site-engineering tasks, such as choosing a strategy for generating the site's pages dynamically and/or statically. To substantiate STRUDEL's benefits, we describe the re-engineering of a production Web site using FunStruQL and show that the new site is smaller, more reusable, and unlike the original site, can be analyzed and optimized.
New Solutions for Cell Phone Detection
Authors: Hong Du, Dali Zhu, Degang Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Digital Society (2007)

Problem to real time detect existence of cell phones stay in power on state in a given area is a technology challenge because most time cell phones keep radio silence on a standby mode. This paper proposed two solutions, "virtual base station solution" and "ready beacon utilization solution" to solve this problem. Location updating registration of a cell phone entering into a new registration area is made use of to fulfill a lure technology and the problem of cell phones detection is settled perfectly.
Hierarchical radar target localization
Authors: A. A. Abdel-Samad
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

We present a novel m-ary tree hierarchical search strategy for stationary radar target localization in the presence of white Gaussian noise. This is done in the context of a discretized version of the problem of optimal beamforming, or radar transmit and receive pattern design. We assume that the target is equally likely to be in one of M discrete cells and that we have L observations at our disposal. We recursively group the search cells into m groups until the size of each group reduces to one cell, thus creating a m-ary search tree of depth log/sub m/(M). We, then, allocate the available L observations among the tree levels in a manner that maximizes the probability of correctly locating the target. We compare the performance of the novel search strategy with that of previous techniques and demonstrate its superior performance.
Pipelined Execution of Critical Sections Using Software-Controlled Caching in Network Processors
Authors: Jinquan Dai, Long Li, Bo Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (2007)

To keep up with the explosive internet packet processing demands, modern network processors (NPs) employ a highly parallel, multi-threaded and multi-core architecture. In such a parallel paradigm, accesses to the shared variables in the external memory (and the associated memory latency) are contained in the critical sections, so that they can be executed atomically and sequentially by different threads in the network processor. In this paper, we present a novel program transformation that is used in the Intel Auto-partitioning C Compiler for IXP to exploit the inherent finer-grained parallelism of those critical sections, using the software-controlled caching mechanism available in the NPs. Consequently, those critical sections can be executed in a pipelined fashion by different threads, thereby effectively hiding the memory latency and improving the performance of network applications. Experimental results show that the proposed transformation provides impressive speedup (up-to 9.94 and scalability (up-to 80 threads) of the performance for the real-world network application (a l0Gbps Efhernet Core/Metro Router).
Generating Adaptable User Interfaces for Browsing XML Documents User Interfaces Adaptation Using User Profiles of Applications Policies
Authors: Benoit Encelle, Nadine Baptiste-Jessel
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Personalization of user interfaces for browsing content is a key concept to ensure content accessibility. In this direction, we introduce concepts that result in the generation of personalized multimodal user interfaces for browsing XML content. Users requirements concerning the browsing of such or such content type can be specified using these concepts and associated description languages. With the emergence of the semantic Web and connected XML applications, such multimodal user interfaces can be useful for many kinds of users.
Data hiding in halftone images by stochastic error diffusion
Authors: Qigong Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

We propose a novel method called DHSED (data hiding stochastic error diffusion) to hide binary visual patterns in two error diffused halftone images. While one halftone image is only a regular error diffused image, stochastic error diffusion is applied to the other image to generate special stochastic characteristics with respect to the first image such that the visual pattern would appear when the two halftone images are overlaid Simulation results show that the two halftone images have good visual quality, and the hidden pattern appears with "normal" and "lower-than-normal" intensity when the two halftone images are overlaid.
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Venue: Design, Automation, and Test in Europe (2007)

Welcome to the DATE 07 Conference Proceedings. DATE combines the world's leading electronic systems design conference and Europe's leading international exhibition for electronic design, automation and test, from system level hardware and software implementation right down to integrated circuit design. The DATE 07 event features a technical program with 78 sessions covering the latest in system design and embedded software, IC design methodologies and EDA tool developments, together with an exhibition with the leading EDA, silicon and IP providers showing their new products and services. Challenges that you all face or soon will face in your daily practice are the increasing design complexity of highly integrated systems, the introduction of reconfigurability and embedded software, and the control of power, reliability and variability in nanometer IC designs. All these issues will be addressed in this year's DATE event. At its tenth anniversary, DATE 07 has again reached a record number (933) of submissions, compared to previous years and compared to other EDA conferences worldwide. With submissions coming from all five continents and almost fifty countries, DATE has truly become an international conference. DATE is now the world's premier event in electronic system design. The submissions have been reviewed by the more than 600 members of the Technical Programme Committee. After a thorough review and selection process (with an average of 4.6 reviews per paper), finally 208 papers were selected for presentation at the conference. In addition, 57 papers were selected for Interactive Presentations, which highlight quality work in progress. Together with the invited special sessions (panels, embedded tutorials and hot topic sessions) this has resulted in a high-quality technical programme with 78 sessions covering the latest in system design and embedded software, IC design methodologies and EDA tool developments. One of the main strengths of the conference is a wide but high-quality coverage of design, design automation and test topics, from the system level (including PCB and FPGA) to the integrated circuit level. In addition, for the third year a special embedded software track is offered to allow for the increasing importance of software in embedded systems. Compared with previous years, submissions in design, test and embedded software have grown significantly, showing a clear trend toward a holistic view and a comprehensive system design focus. This year, papers are organized in 4 major areas: &bull; D -- Design Methods, Tools, Algorithms and Languages &bull; A -- Application's Design &bull; T -- Test Methods, Tools and Innovative Experiences &bull; E -- Embedded Software
A Dynamic Retargettable Multi-Protocol RFID Reader/Writer
Authors: Shinsuke Kobayashi, Ken Sakamura, Tatsushi Morokuma
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel RFID reader/writer architecture that dynamically retargets various protocols of RFID by changing configuration software. The proposed architecture is not software defined radio, but parameterized hardware that is specialized in RFID protocols. This architecture consumes lower power than that of software defined radio, because the proposed architecture does not require high performance CPUs. In experiments, we have designed a prototype that can read RFID tags: ISO 15693, ISO 18092 (NFCIP-1), and ISO 18000-4. From experimental results, we showed the prototype read tag IDs which include several kinds of RFIDs. Power consumption of this was also reduced by one-third or less, compared with that of others.
Hijack: Taking Control of COTS Systems for Real-Time User-Level Services
Authors: Gabriel Parmer, Richard West
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (2007)

This paper focuses on a technique to empower commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) systems with an execution environment, and corresponding services, to support realtime and embedded applications. By leveraging COTS systems, we are able to reduce the potentially expensive maintenance and development costs of proprietary solutions. We describe a system called "Hijack" that enables user-level services to take control of features such as CPU scheduling, interrupt handling and synchronization. In contrast to other approaches that support real-time tasks within the kernel of commodity systems such as Linux, Hijack provides the basis for predictable thread execution at user-level. No changes to the kernel source code are required to support this approach. Instead, Hijack works by using a combination of kernel module support and an interposed execution environment between traditional process address spaces and the kernel. This technique enables system calls and hardware interrupts to be intercepted with bounded latencies via the kernel module, that passes control to a user-level real-time executive. From within the executive, system-wide services and policies can be deployed to over-ride certain features of the underlying kernel, while still leveraging base kernel services where appropriate. Using this technique, we show how a vanilla Linux system can be hijacked to support predictable service execution using a series of user-defined policies. In particular, we show how to deliver and process asynchronous events with bounded latency, using interposition agents within a Hijack execution environment. Results show that for real-time streaming applications, Hijack is able to receive and process packets with significantly lower loss rates and jitter compared to using alternative application-level processes for the same task.
A Multi-Agent-Based Service-Oriented Architecture for Inter-Enterprise Cooperation System
Authors: Xiang Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Digital Telecommunications (2007)

Inter-enterprise cooperation system software manages full business processes and allows access to both own and partners' system. Many organizations have discovered that attempting to force collaboration by synthesizing information systems into an inter-enterprise cooperation environment fails. The study of the existing approaches shows that no single solution fulfills all requirements identified for the inter-enterprise cooperation system. One of the basic obstacles is the lack of comprehensive models and tools for inter-enterprise cooperation system as a basis for contracting and standardization. This paper proposes a multi-agent-based service-oriented architecture (SOA) for inter-enterprise cooperation system. In this paper, establishes the basis for transforming the inter-enterprise cooperation business models into multi-agent-based SOA components, utilizes existing web services standards UDDI Specifications and design UDDI Service Agent tool for an extension to UDDI Data Structure and UDDI XML API to be able to associate automatically both prescriptive and descriptive metadata with service entries. Finally, we outline the implementation of a prototype.