ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the stable states transition control algorithm for a four free joints walking robot
Authors: Anca Petrisor, Nicu George Bizdoaca, Adrian Drighiciu, Sonia Degeratu, Gabriela Petropol Serb, Raducu Petrisor
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS (2009)

The paper presents a systemic approach of a walking robot behavior and control in uncertain environments, with application to a hexapod robot. For simplicity, this paper considers only the vertical xz-plane evolution taking into account that the structure is symmetrical in the horizontal xy-plane and the results can be easily extended. Based on the mathematical model of the robot, determined considering all the points in the xz-plane as being complex numbers, a new concept of walking called SSTA, "Stable States Transition Approach", is proposed. Applications of this algorithm for a walking robot with four free joints are implemented on a user-friendly simulation and educational platform and also a control system development environment for control of walking robots systems - RoPa. All the examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm.
Process-variation- and random-dopants-induced threshold voltage fluctuations in nanoscale planar MOSFET and bulk FinFET devices
Authors: Yiming Li, Chih-Hong Hwang, Hui-Wen Cheng
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2009)

Impact of the intrinsic fluctuations on device characteristics, such as the threshold voltage (V"t"h) fluctuation is crucial in determining the behavior of nanoscale semiconductor devices. In this paper, the dependency of process-variation and random-dopant-induced V"t"h fluctuation on the gate oxide thickness scaling in 16nm metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is investigated. Fluctuations of the threshold voltage for the studied planar MOSFETs with equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOT) from 1.2nm to 0.2nm (e.g., SiO"2 for the 1.2 and 0.8nm EOTs, Al"2O"3 for the 0.4nm EOT and HfO"2 for the 0.2nm EOT) are then for the first time compared with the results of 16nm bulk fin-typed filed effect transistors (FinFETs), which is one of the promising candidates for next generation semiconductor devices. An experimentally validated simulation is conducted to investigate the fluctuation property. Result of this study confirms the suppression of V"t"h fluctuations with the gate oxide thickness scaling (using high-@k dielectric). It is found that the immunity of the planar MOSFET against fluctuation suffers from nature of structural limitations. Bulk FinFETs alleviate the challenges of device's scaling and have potential in the nanoelectronics application.
The heart of a whistle-blower: a corporate decision-making game for computer ethics classes
Authors: Bo Brinkman
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2009)

I describe a simple game for use in starting a class discussion about corporate decision-making and whistle-blowing. The game allows students to experience the power of managers to influence (for good or bad) the decisions of their underlings, and the counter-balancing powers held by workers.
Personalized Multimedia Retrieval in CADAL Digital Library
Authors: Yin Zhang, Jiangqin Wu, Yueting Zhuang
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing (2008)

CADAL has been a large digital library including million digital books and large volumes of multimedia resources, e.g. videos, images. In this paper, in order to overcome the problem of information overload, we propose a framework of personalized cross-media retrieval in CADAL digital library and present the details of the algorithms used in the personalized cross-media retrieval, which is a new kind of retrieval technology by which query examples and search results can be of different modalities. In order to provide personalized cross-media retrieval, we construct the uniform cross-media correlation graph in terms of three kinds of information: low-level features of media objects, co-existence information between them and semantic correlations between MMDs that are mined out of large amounts of logs. Moreover, we also use the in-session relevance feedback approach to mine the hints in the positive and negative examples to boost the retrieval performance for the individuals.
Towards universal mobile-IP
Authors: Robert Elz, Sinchai Kamolphiwong
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems (2008)

In this paper we discuss several issues with the present usage model for Mobile-IP that tend to limit its deployability and suggest solutions to most of these practical deficiencies. In particular, we conclude that the Mobile IP protocols and implementations should operate with any number of Home Agents. That is, from none to many.
Investigating university students' adaptation to a digital learner course portfolio
Authors: Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Jose Luis Rodriguez-Illera
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

Digital learner portfolios are of growing importance in higher education as the sector seeks new teaching-learning-assessment methods which promote students' autonomy as managers of their own virtual learning environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse descriptively the undergraduate students' perceptions, attitudes and behaviour when using an eportfolio to support their learning and assessment in practice based courses at two traditional Spanish universities. The participants were 88 students, who were studying through a blended learning mode. Data were collected through questionnaires: a computer experience survey, another which examined the psychological, pedagogical and technological dimensions of eportfolios use. Further, an individual overall reflection was obtained from each student to help gain an understanding of their experiences of using the eportfolio. A mixed-method analysis was applied in order to study the impact of this technological innovation on students and their satisfaction. The results showed that the students had positive opinions and self-efficiency through the eportfolio as a tool to manage their learning and assessment during a semester, especially from the second month of use. However, the expected impact on their learning was not so significant. Nevertheless, the students emphasised that the eportfolio was valuable as a personal developmental learning tool.
GriCoL: A Language for Grid Computing
Authors: Natalia Currle-Linde, Michael Resch
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (2006)

The development of the Grid has opened new possibilities for scientists and engineers to execute large-scale modeling experiments. This has stimulated the generation and development of tools for the creation and management of complex computing experiments in the Grid. Among these, tools for the automation of the programming of experiments play a significant role. In this paper we present GriCoL, which we propose as a simple and efficient language for the description of complex Grid experiments.
Design and analysis of bi-directional pumping silicon Raman laser
Authors: Ying Huang, Ming Tang, Ping Shum, Jing Zhang, John H. Lau
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (2008)

In this paper, a novel design of bi-directional pumping scheme is proposed and analyzed for the first time in an attempt to verify its validity as a mean for loss reduction and gain enhancement in Raman silicon laser. FCA loss is identified as the key loss contributor in silicon Raman process which is highly dependent on peak input pump power level, from the simulation results to account for various loss mechanisms in on-off gain simulation. To solve the problem of high threshold and low gain obtained in Raman silicon laser, bi-directional pumping scheme is proposed to have the effects of loss reduction by peak power limitation and Raman gain enhancement through average power increment. This is also substantiated by simulation of average and instantaneous pump power level along the silicon waveguide length. With bi-directional pumping, Raman silicon laser could improve in its threshold power and gain/slope efficiency to enable it better application credibility.
Application of attractor selection to adaptive virtual network topology control
Authors: Yuki Koizumi, Takashi Miyamura, Shin'ichi Arakawa, Eiji Oki, Kohei Shiomoto, Masayuki Murata
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Sytems (2008)

The growth of the Internet and emerging application layer technologies causes numerous changes in network environments. Therefore, it becomes important to achieve adaptive methods of controlling networks in addition to optimizing their performance. To achieve an adaptive network control method, we focus on attractor selection, which models behaviors where biological systems adapt to unknown changes in their surrounding environments and recover their conditions. In this paper, we show the applicability of the attractor selection to the adaptive virtual network topology (VNT) control in IP over wavelength-routed WDM networks. The simulation results indicate that our VNT control method based on attractor selection quickly and adaptively responds to various changes in traffic demand.
Ant-Based Delay-Sensitive Query Processing for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jianping Yu, Yaping Lin, Yupeng Hu
Venue: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks (2009)

The technologies of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed rapidly in the most recent years. As WSNs are characterized by data-centric storage and routing under most circumstances, any application involved requires data management and processing technologies, especially the query processing mechanisms. The WSNs are often deployed in diverse application specific contexts, which can be treated as distributed databases. The event-involved responses can be obtained by issuing queries to this kind of database. Certain of the applications with real-time requirement have tight constraints on query delay. However, the existing query algorithms are not satisfied with them. The problem we focus on can be simply described as: once an event has happened, how to optimize the replication energy cost due to storing the event data from the event source to multiple positions and how to optimize the searching energy cost and query delay due to finding one replica of the event and copying the event data on demand if subsequent queries for the event are performed. Ant algorithms adopt a group of intelligent agents called ants to carry out local search, using the historical information obtained to guide the ongoing search and having characteristics of collective intelligence, it can find better routing paths without knowing the global information of the network. Aiming at the real-time applications, an ant-based delay-sensitive query processing algorithm (ADSQP) taking advantage of ant colony optimization with the characteristics of self-organization and positive feedback is proposed, in which the priority-based multiple-ring storage scheme and the ant-based distributed search mechanism are adopted to improve the integrated performance of the energy-efficiency, delay, and query success rate. To reduce the replication cost of ADSQP, the cluster-based aggregation approach and the ring-based storage method according to the importance level of the events are proposed, in which the aggregated events with higher priority will be stored in the nodes on the farther ring to the aggregation nodes. To reduce the search cost and the query delay of ADSQP, the ant-based search mechanism for the queried events and the second replication approach for the found events are also proposed. The simulation results demonstrated that not only the performance of energy-efficiency and query success rate can be improved but also significant smaller query delay can be achieved by the ADSQP when comparing with other query processing algorithms. Moreover, the new algorithm is flexible and demands merely local information to find queried events efficiently and determine the number and allocation of replicas adaptively.
Heat transfer modeling and simulating for laser beam irradiation with phase transformations
Authors: Marian Pearsica, Ion-Gheorghe Ratiu, Claudia-Georgeta Carstea, Cristian Constantinescu, Constantin Strimbu, Laurian Gherman
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics (2008)

The proposed mathematical model is a numerical method to find the temperature distribution at metals processing with concentrated laser beam, assisted by an active gas jet. The quality and effects of laser beam processing depend on: optimal choosing of the irradiation parameters, characteristics of the processed material surface, additional gas, parameters of the focalization system etc and setting up an optimal processing regime by choosing and maintaining these optimal values during the whole irradiation process as well. The first part of this paper deals with the differential equations system, which governs the laser processing of materials in the presence of the O2 jet, occurring on the mobile irradiation. The numerical method of solving the mathematical model is presented in the second part of the paper. It will base the solving of mathematical model equations, with the advantage of a better approximation of the real phenomenon by considering the simultaneous existence of the solid, liquid, and vaporization states in the material zone interacting with laser beam. The defocusing effect of laser beam simultaneous with its advancement in material and the energy loss by electromagnetic radiation and convection will be taken into account as well. The last part of paper presents the graphical representations of radial distribution of the temperature of the three phases: solid, liquid and vapors, and the obtained numerical results, which allow the determining of the technological parameters of processing and the material constants.
An Improved MAODV Protocol Based on Mobility Prediction and Self-Pruning Flooding
Authors: Xiaohua Chen, Qiu Zhong, Danpu Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02 (2009)

Mobile Ad Hoc network is a temporary network autonomous system which is composed of a group of mobile nodes with wireless transceiver, and supports multi-hop. With the development of network application, the increase of mobile terminals' capabilities and the promotion of mobile TV service, multicast becomes a hot topic in the development of mobile ad hoc network. In this paper, on the basis of MAODV, an improved Multicast protocol based on Mobility Prediction and Self pruning flooding (MMPS) is proposed. Simulation results show that the improved protocol reduces expenses, and increases the Packet Delivery Ratio as well as protocols' scalability effectively.
Flexible and adaptive QoS control for distributed real-time and embedded middleware
Authors: Richard E. Schantz, Joseph P. Loyall, Craig Rodrigues, Douglas C. Schmidt, Yamuna Krishnamurthy, Irfan Pyarali
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2003 International Conference on Middleware (2003)

Computing systems are increasingly distributed, real-time, and embedded (DRE) and must operate under highly unpredictable and changeable conditions. To provide predictable mission-critical quality of service (QoS) end-to-end, QoS-enabled middleware services and mechanisms have begun to emerge. However, the current generation of commercial-off-the-shelf middleware lacks adequate support for applications with stringent QoS requirements in changing, dynamic environments. This paper provides two contributions to the study of adaptive middleware to control DRE applications. It first describes how priority- and reservation-based OS and network QoS management mechanisms can be coupled with standards-based, off-the-shelf distributed object computing (DOC) middleware to better support dynamic DRE applications with stringent end-to-end real-time requirements. It then presents the results of experimentation and validation activities we conducted to evaluate these combined OS, network, and middleware capabilities. Our work integrates currently missing low-level resource control capabilities for end-to-end flows with existing capabilities in adaptive DRE middleware and sets the stage for further advances in fine-grained precision management of aggregate flows using dynamic adaptation techniques.
Rule cubes for causal investigations
Authors: Axel Blumenstock, Franz Schweiggert, Markus M&#x00fc;ller, Carsten Lanquillon
Venue: Knowledge and Information Systems (2009)

With the complexity of modern vehicles tremendously increasing, quality engineers play a key role within today&#x2019;s automotive industry. Field data analysis supports corrective actions in development, production and after sales support. We decompose the requirements and show that association rules, being a popular approach to generating explanative models, still exhibit shortcomings. Interactive rule cubes, which have been proposed recently, are a promising alternative. We extend this work by introducing a way of intuitively visualizing and meaningfully ranking them. Moreover, we present methods to interactively factorize a problem and validate hypotheses by ranking patterns based on expectations, and by browsing a cube-based network of related influences. All this is currently in use as an interactive tool for warranty data analysis in the automotive industry. A real-world case study shows how engineers successfully use it in identifying root causes of quality issues.
MDS: a novel method for class imbalance learning
Authors: Long-Sheng Chen, Chun-Chin Hsu, Yu-Shan Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (2009)

Lots of real-world data sets have imbalanced class distributions in which almost all examples belong to one class and far fewer instances belong to others. Compared with the majority examples, the minority examples are usually more interesting class, such as rare diseases in diagnosis data, failures in inspection data, frauds in credit screening data, and so on. A classifier induced from an imbalanced data set has high classification accuracy for the majority class, but an unacceptable error rate for the minority class. This situation is called class imbalance problem and has attracted lots of attentions of researchers in data mining area. To solve this problem, this work proposed a novel method, called Mahalanobis Distance based sampling (MDS) methodology. Experimental results indicated the proposed MDS have a better performance in identifying the minority class compared with traditional techniques, under-sampling, cost-adjusting, and cluster based sampling.
An Efficient Carrier Recovery Algorithm for both High-Order Square QAM and Cross-QAM
Authors: Ying Wu, Huaizong Shao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 01 (2009)

In this paper, a carrier recovery algorithm for high-order cross-QAM has been proposed, in which less than twelve symbol points in the constellation have been used. The proposed algorithm can be applied to square QAM signals as well. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can deal with carrier frequency offset up to 600KHz@32QAM or 400KHz@128QAM over AWGN channels when the bit rate is 5Mbit/s. The simulation experiments are also done for 64QAM and 256QAM signals, and results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance over a large acquisition span of frequency.
What makes a reliable program: few bugs, or a small failure rate?
Authors: B. Littlewood
Venue: Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference (1980)

It is instructive to look at some of the reasons advanced by software developers for their reluctance to use software reliability measurement tools. Here are a few common ones: (A) "Software reliability models are statistical. Programs are deterministic. If certain input conditions cause a malfunction today, then the same conditions are certain to cause a malfunction if they occur tomorrow. Where is the randomness?" (B) "I am paid to write reliable programs. I use the best programming methodology to achieve this. Software reliability estimation procedures would not help me to improve the reliability of my programs." (C) "We verify our software. When it leaves us it is correct." (D) "I ran your software reliability measurement program on some data from a current project of ours. It said there was an infinite number of bugs left in the program. Who are you trying to kid?" (E) (same manager as in D, but one week later) "We corrected a couple of bugs and ran the reliability measurement program again. This time it said that there were 200 bugs left. Infinity minus two equals two hundred? Is this the new math?" (F) "We put a lot of effort into testing. The selection of test data is a systematic process designed to seek out bugs. Reliability estimation based on such test data would be no guide to the performance of the program in a use environment." (G) "We are writing an air traffic control program. Total system crash would be catastrophic. Other failures range from serious to trivial. Reliability models do'not distinguish between failures of differing severity."
An XML-Based Comic Image Compression
Authors: Ray-I Chang, Yachik Yen, Ting-Yu Hsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing (2008)

Traditional raster images cannot be fitted to different display sizes dynamically. Although some vector conversion systems have provided with the ability to convert raster format data into vector format data, the sizes of files they produced are large and consume most of time in image rendering. In this study, we adopt the SVG developed by W3C for the target vector format. We use the vector contour searching algorithms for removing extra spaces, combining the slope of clips, and merging similar color regions to compress the vector images. It converts comic images from raster format to SVG vector format. The factors affecting image quality and compression efficiency are studied. Compared with the existing methods, ours has a better performance in image quality, compressed ratio, and image rendering speed. It also makes the converted image able to display in different platforms.
Searchback Algorithms for TOA Estimation in Non-coherent Low-rate IR-UWB Systems
Authors: I. Guvenc, Z. Sahinoglu, P. Orlik, H. Arslan
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2009)

Non-coherent ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers offer an attractive low-complexity solution to ranging with UWB radios. They use a simple receiver architecture that can operate at very low sampling rates compared to the Nyquist rate. In this paper, time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation performances of two different searchback algorithms for non-coherent impulse radio UWB systems are analyzed: jump back and search forward (JBSF) and serial backward search (SBS). Average ranging errors for both algorithms are formulated using noise-based ranging thresholds and at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. For JBSF, a lower bound on the average ranging error is obtained using an error-minimizing threshold. Also, a semi-analytic technique for the selection of the searchback window length is presented. For SBS, noise-based threshold selection for both single-cluster and multi-cluster channels are introduced. Computer simulations in IEEE 802.15.4a channels provide insights on the selection of some of the critical parameters for accurate ranging. The simulation results show that JBSF typically performs better than SBS if the inter-cluster delay parameter (K) is not selected appropriately for SBS. In both cases, it is shown that even at sampling rates much smaller than the Nyquist rate, ranging accuracies on the order of 33 cm can be obtained using a non-coherent UWB receiver.