ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Framework for Evaluating Hyperlink Validity in Web Environments
Authors: Wen-Kui Chang, Shing-Kai Hon, Cheng-Chung William Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Quality Software (2003)

In nowadays, the technical complexities of awebsite and variances to the browser make web testingand quality control much more difficult. This paperinvestigates the quality issue of the web systems and asystematic framework for web testing is proposed, inwhich a web application model is established to denoteall components of a website by the Markov usage chain.To demonstrate its usability, a practical example of linkvalidity testing is presented. The suggested validationmechanism not only generates automatically a completeset of the test scripts for link validation, but alsoprovides quantitative analysis of the invalid componentsin a web application.
Hierarchical Reflexion Models
Authors: Rainer Koschke, Daniel Simon
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (2003)

The reflexion model originally proposed by Murphyand Notkin allows one to structurally validate a descriptiveor prescriptive architecture model against asource model.First, the entities in the source modelare mapped onto the architectural model, then discrepanciesbetween the architecture model and source modelare computed automatically.The original reflexion model allows an analyst tospecify only non-hierarchical models, whichis insufficient for larger systems that are decomposedinto hierarchical subsystems.This paper extends theoriginal reflexion model to hierarchical architecturemodels, describes a method to apply this technique, andreports on case studies conducted on two large-scale andcomplex applications (namely, the C compiler sdcc for8-bit microprocessors and the GNU C compiler gcc).
World-size global markets lead to economic instability
Authors: Yoram Louzoun, Sorin Solomon, Jacob Goldenberg, David Mazursky
Venue: Artificial Life (2003)

Economic and cultural globalization is one of the most important processes humankind has been undergoing lately. This process is assumed to be leading the world into a wealthy society with a better life. However, the current trend of globalization is not unprecedented in human history, and has had some severe consequences in the past. By applying a quantitative analysis through a microscopic representation we show that globalization, besides being unfair (with respect to wealth distribution), is also unstable and potentially dangerous as one event may lead to a collapse of the system. It is proposed that the optimal solution in controlling the unwanted aspects and enhancing the advantageous ones lies in limiting competition to large subregions, rather than making it worldwide.
Fundamental solution of the cracked dissimilar elastic space
Authors: D. G. Pavlou, N. V. Vlachakis, M. G. Pavlou, V. N. Vlachakis, M. Kouskouti, I. Statharas
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Computational methods in sciences and engineering (2003)

Fundamental solutions are used in the Boundary-Integral Equation analysis to determine the stress or/and displacement fields of finite elastic bodies subjected to external loading. Especially for crack problems, the method of Fundamental Solutions give more accurate results because they completely satisfy part of the boundary conditions of the problem. Fundamental solutions have been derived for axisymmetric body forces acting along a circle in a redial, torsional and axial direction in a homogeneous infinite elastic space, in a homogeneous elastic half space, in a homogeneous infinite elastic space containing cracks.The investigation in the present work is focused on the development of the Fundamental Solution for the infinite dissimilar elastic space containing interface cracks (annular or circular), loaded by singular tangential coaxial circular sources. This Fundamental Solution will be used for the formulation for the Boundary-Integral Equation which will be solved numerically to analyze finite dissimilar cracked elastic solids under torsion. Advantages of the proposed method are: a) for the stress or strain analysis of a bimaterial cracked body, no discretization of the crack surface is necessary, and b) the accuracy of the results is guaranteed by the fact that singularity at the crack tip is included in the Fundamental Solution.
Making sense of video content
Authors: A. Viranga Ratnaike, Bala Srinivasan, Surya Nepal
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

Our aim in this research is to make sense of scenes in video. We expect this will enable us to identify different scenes sharing the same semantic, even if they do not share any multimedia cues. Our approach is based on emergence, and involves classification and reasoning. We use patterns of cues to synthesize semantic classifications. These classifications need to be consistent with the observed cues, and suggest other elements that might be present. The suggestions might be based on sets of related patterns, ontology, or other knowledge bases. With an idea of what we are looking for, we can re-examine the scenes for multimedia elements, which support our hypothesis, or at least are not inconsistent. We expect that sufficiently detailed semantic descriptions can be generated, by cycling through these steps.
A Cost-Effective Usability Evaluation Progression for Novel Interactive Systems
Authors: Deborah Hix, Joseph L. Gabbard, J. Edward Swan II, Mark A. Livingston, Tobias H. Höllerer, Simon J. Julier, Yohan Baillot, Dennis Brown
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 9 - Volume 9 (2004)

This paper reports on user interface design and evaluation for a mobile, outdoor, augmented reality (AR) application. This novel system, called the Battlefield Augmented Reality System (BARS), supports information presentation and entry for situation awareness in an urban war fighting setting. To our knowledge, this is the first time extensive use of usability engineering has been systematically applied to development of a real-world AR system.Our BARS team has applied a cost-effective progression of usability engineering activities from the very beginning of BARS development. We discuss how we first applied cycles of structured expert evaluations to BARS user interface development, employing user interface mockups representing occluded (non-visible) objects. Then we discuss how results of theseevaluations informed our subsequent user-based statistical evaluations and formative evaluations, and present these evaluations and their outcomes. Finally, we discuss how and why this sequence of types of evaluation is cost-effective.
Implementation and Testing of Fault-Tolerant Photodiode-Based Active Pixel Sensor (APS)
Authors: Sunjaya Djaja, Glenn H. Chapman, Desmond Y. H. Cheung, Yves Audet
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

The implementation of imaging arrays for System-On-a-Chip (SOC) is aided by using fault-tolerant light sensors. Fault-tolerant redundancy in an Active Pixel Sensor (APS) is obtained by splitting the photodiode and readout transistors into two parallel operating devices, while keeping a common row select transistor. This creates a redundant APS that is self-correcting for most common faults. Simulations suggest that, by combining hardware fault-tolerance capability with software correction, Active Pixel Sensor arrays could be virtually immune to defects. To test this concept in hardware, a fault-tolerant photodiode APS was designed and fabricated using a CMOS 0.18µm process. Testing included both fully functional APS', and those in which various failure modes and mechanisms are introduced (equivalent to stuck low and stuck high faults). Test results show that the output voltage for the stuck high case and the stuck low case varies linearly with light intensity. For the stuck low case, the sensitivity is 0.57 of that for a non-defective redundant APS, and the stuck high case is 0.40. These deviate from the theoretical value of 0.5 by +14% and -20% respectively.
Execution-time clocks and Ravenscar kernels
Authors: Juan Antonio de la Puente, Juan Zamorano
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Real-time Ada (2003)

The kind of high-integrity real-time systems to which the Ada Ravenscar profile is targeted often require overrun detection for enhanced reliability in the time domain Execution-time clocks and timers have been proposed to fulfill this need, but only programming patterns based on asynchronous transfer of control, and thus incompatible with the profile, have been provided up to now. In this paper an assessment of the compatibility of the proposed execution-time mechanisms with the Ravenscar profile is made, and some programming patters for using them are proposed. The patterns are intended to provide basic overrun detection and handling capabilities to high-integrity real-time systems.
A duality method for the compressible Reynolds equation. Application to simulation of read/write process in magnetic storage devices
Authors: I. Arregui, J. J. Cendán, C. Vázquez
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Computational methods in sciences and engineering (2003)

In magnetic storage devices, heads are designed so that a thin air film (air bearing) is generated between the head and the magnetic storage device in the read/write process. In this way, the head-device contact only takes place at the initial and final moment. Thus, once a velocity value is reached, the air film is build up so that the hydrodynamic load balances the external load. Hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic lubrication theories govern this kind of processes. In the case of hard disk devices the air hydrodynamic displacement is governed by a nonlinear compressible Reynolds equation and the elastic effects are neglected. In tapes and floppy disks (flexible storage media) the elastohydrodynamic model consists of a coupled system based on the compressible Reynolds equation for air pressure and a rod model for the tape deflection.
Geometric construction of spline curves with tension properties
Authors: Paolo Costantini, Carla Manni
Venue: Computer Aided Geometric Design (2003)

In this paper a class of C2 ∩ FC3 spline curves possessing tension properties is described. These curves can be constructed using a simple modification of the well-known geometric construction of C4 quintic splines; therefore their shape can be easily controlled using the control net. Their applications in approximation and interpolation of spatial data will be discussed.
An efficient data structure for decision rules discovery
Authors: Raúl Giráldez, Jesús S. Aguilar-Ruiz, José C. Riquelme
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

The increasing amount of information available is encouraging the search for efficient techniques to improve the data mining methods, especially those which consume great computational resources. We present a novel structure, called EES, which helps the data mining algorithms which generate decision rules to reduce the aforementioned cost. Given that decision rules establish conditions for database attributes, EES stores the information in such a way that the search can be carried out by attributes instead of by examples. EES could be useful for any method which generates decision rules. Moreover, it is of particular interest when the search for the solution involves a great many hypothetical solutions. Thus, this structure is designed for speeding up the rule-evaluation process in methods based on Evolutionary Algorithms. The traditional structure, based on vectors of examples (in which the database is stored) is evaluated and compared with EES, including the costs for a stratified set of cases. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the quality of our proposal, reducing the computational cost by approximately 50%.
Distortion-Optimal Transmission of Progressive Images over Channels with Random Bit Errors and Packet Erasures
Authors: Homayoun Yousefi'zadeh, Hamid Jafarkhani, Farzad Etemadi
Venue: Proceedings of the Conference on Data Compression (2004)

We present a statistical optimization framework for solving the end-to-end problem of progressivetransmission of images over noisy channels. We consider the impacts of transmission biterrors as well as packet erasures. To cope with the impact of random bit errors, we formulate anoptimization problem aimed at minimizing the end-to-end expected distortion of a reconstructedimage subject to rate and efficiency constraints. In order to eliminate the impact of packet erasures,we propose utilizing an algorithm that is capable of statistically guaranteeing the deliveryof a packet set associated with the progressive bitstream of an image source. Using receiver feedback,our framework is capable of effectively coping with the channel loss effects characterizedby the Gilbert-Elliott model.
A grid-aware approach to protein structure comparison
Authors: Carlo Ferrari, Concettina Guerra, Giuseppe Zanotti
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2003)

This paper concentrates on the grid implementation of software tools for the comparison of protein structures. We have developed comparison algorithms based on indexing techniques that store transformation invariant properties of the 3D protein structures into tables. The method has large memory requirements and is computationally intensive. Furthermore, the dataset needs frequent updates as new proteins are added to the Protein Data Bank. Thus a significant advantage is obtained from a computational framework such as a grid. We report on a distributed implementation of the matching procedures on a grid using Globus MPI-CH, focusing on the data partition strategy to achieve good load balancing and to minimize the number of secondary memory accesses of the out-of-core computation.
Challenges of back end of the line for sub 65 nm generation
Authors: M. Fayolle, G. Passemard, O. Louveau, F. Fusalba, J. Cluzel
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

This paper presents a review of interconnect challenges for sub 65 nm node. From this generation, porous ultra low K (ULK) dielectric materials (dielectric constant k < 2.1) are required. Their porosity makes integration very difficult, due to the mechanical weakness and process interaction issues (especially during stripping, CVD metal barrier deposition...). To overcome these process incompatibilities and keep the 'effective dielectric constant' low, dual damascene architecture becomes more and more complex and requires additional steps (porosity sealing treatment, degas steps, supercritical CO2 clean, low k dielectric barrier, self aligned barrier...). Possible contamination trapped in the porosity (moisture, metallic residues...), and lower thermo-mechanical properties of ULK will probably impede reliability. Copper resistivity increase with dimension shrinkage will also be an extra issue.
A View from the Bottom: Nanometer Technology AC Parametric Failures " Why, Where, and How to Detect
Authors: Charles Hawkins, Ali Keshavarzi, Jaume Segura
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

Subtle failure mechanisms that arise from statistical distributions of the circuit parameters have been with us for many technology generations. However, since going from the 180 nm node to smaller nodes, the presence of these defects has increased to the point that they are nolonger considered an occasional nuisance. They are a primary worry since they are difficult todesign out with design rules, and they require special statistical and environmental settings toexpose failure. This paper will describe the origins of parametric failures (PFs), present data showing the magnitude of their variance, and discuss the conditions under which we can expect failures to occur or to be detected during the test process. Detection ischallenging, and PFs are a major source of field return. We expect PFs from intrinsic ICs (defect-free) and from extrinsic (defect) ICs. Resistive vias and metal cracks in general are a cause of PFs from ICs with parametric related defects. The detection of extrinsic PFs requires special care and astatistical analysis. This is a relatively new test paradigm [Seg03].
Mobile video stream monitoring system
Authors: Kam-Yiu Lam, Calvin K. H. Chiu
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

IMVS (Intelligent Mobile Video Stream Monitoring System) is a mobile video surveillance system. The objective of IMVS is to design a high performance video stream monitoring system in a mobile computing environment. In particular, the technical questions to be addressed are: (1) how to minimize the amount of video signals to be transmitted between the front-end mobile device and the backend server over the mobile network; and (2) how to divide the jobs to be performed between the front-end and backend processes so that the workload at the front-end mobile device can be maintained within its processing capacity.
A Posteriori Finite Element Error Control for the P-Laplace Problem
Authors: Carsten Carstensen, R. Klose
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2003)

Three a posteriori error estimates are discussed for the p-Laplace problem as a model equation for nonquadratic growth of order p>2. The standard residual-based error estimate is addressed with emphasis on involved constants determined as local eigenvalues. Up to errors in their numerical computation, they provide a guaranteed upper bound for the W1,p seminorm and a weighted W1,2 seminorm of u-uh under the major assumption that $|\nabla u_h|$ is positive. A second, sharper, a posteriori estimate is based on the numerical solution of local interface problems. Averaging techniques for a posteriori error control on the flux error motivate a third estimator. The results are presented for any shape regular but unstructured triangulation into triangles. They partly rely on a positive weight function $\rho:=(|\nabla u|^{p-2} + |\nabla u_h|^{p-2})/2$ similar to the notion of quasi norms due to Barrett and Liu. Numerical experiments indicate the surprising accuracy of our averaging error estimators, confirm our estimates, and allow for a comparison.
Ant Colony Optimization for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with Generalized Precedence Relations
Authors: Shipeng Luo, Cheng Wang, Jinwen Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2003)

This paper presents an ant colony optimization (ACO) approach to solve the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with generalized precedence relations (RCPSP-GPR) with the objective of minimizing the project duration. The general ACO is improved by using the ants with backtracking capabilities and several kinds of heuristic information for solution construction. The combination of direct and summation pheromone evaluation methods and the pseudo-random-proportional action choice rule is also used. The ACO algorithm is tested efficient by using a set of benchmark problems generated by the project generator ProGen/max and performs the best on average among several other heuristic methods.
Is the Software Engineering State of the Practice Getting Closer to the State of the Art?
Authors: Donald J. Reifer
Venue: IEEE Software (2003)

How do the state of the art and the state of the practice of software engineering differ?Having surveyed them using current frameworks, the author next identifies missing research areas and good practices. Finally, eight critical success factors are identified that can help managers close the gap and take better advantage of the research that exists in their practice.
Simulation of wireless networks
Authors: M. S. Obaidat, D. B. Green
Venue: Applied system simulation: methodologies and applications (2003)

Simulation of wireless networks is important at all stages of their life including the design, operational, and testing stages. Simulation is used to predict the performance of a wireless network's architecture, protocol, device, topology, etc. It is a cost-effective and flexible technique to performance evaluation of wireless systems. This chapter aims at reviewing the main aspects of wireless systems including wireless node object model, radio propagation, physical and media access control layers, and wireless network architectures. Then we review the simulation tools and packages that are optimized for this task. Case studies on simulation of wireless network systems are presented in order to demonstrate the main concepts.
Formal methods for the validation of automotive product configuration data
Authors: Carsten Sinz, Andreas Kaiser, Wolfgang Küchlin
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2003)

In the automotive industry, the compilation and maintenance of correct product configuration data is a complex task. Our work shows how formal methods can be applied to the validation of such business critical data. Our consistency support tool BIS works on an existing database of Boolean constraints expressing valid configurations and their transformation into manufacturable products. Using a specially modified satisfiability checker with an explanation component, BIS can detect inconsistencies in the constraints set and thus help increase the quality of the product data. BIS also supports manufacturing decisions by calculating the implications of product or production environment changes on the set of required parts. In this paper, we give a comprehensive account of BIS: the formalization of the business processes underlying its construction, the modifications of satisfiability-checking technology we found necessary in this context, and the software technology used to package the product as a client&ndash;server information system.
Graph separators: a parameterized view
Authors: Jochen Alber, Henning Fernau, Rolf Niedermeier
Venue: Journal of Computer and System Sciences (2003)

Graph separation is a well-known tool to make (hard) graph problems accessible to a divide-and-conquer approach. We show how to use graph separator theorems in combination with (linear) problem kernels in order to develop fixed parameter algorithms for many well-known NP-hard (planar) graph problems. We coin the key notion of glueable select&verify graph problems and derive from that a prospective way to easily check whether a planar graph problem will allow for a fixed parameter algorithm of running time c√kno(1) for constant c. One of the main contributions of the paper is to exactly compute the base c of the exponential term and its dependence on the various parameters specified by the employed separator theorem and the underlying graph problem. We discuss several strategies to improve on the involved constant c.
PSoup: a system for streaming queries over streaming data
Authors: Sirish Chandrasekaran, Michael J. Franklin
Venue: The VLDB Journal &mdash; The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases (2003)

Abstract.Recent work on querying data streams has focused on systems where newly arriving data is processed and continuously streamed to the user in real time. In many emerging applications, however, ad hoc queries and/or intermittent connectivity also require the processing of data that arrives prior to query submission or during a period of disconnection. For such applications, we have developed PSoup, a system that combines the processing of ad hoc and continuous queries by treating data and queries symmetrically, allowing new queries to be applied to old data and new data to be applied to old queries. PSoup also supports intermittent connectivity by separating the computation of query results from the delivery of those results. PSoup builds on adaptive query-processing techniques developed in the Telegraph project at UC Berkeley. In this paper, we describe PSoup and present experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.