ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A knowledge-based database system for visual rating of fMRI activation patterns for brain language networks
Authors: Magno R. Guillen, Malek Adjouadi, Byron Bernal, Melvin Ayala, Armando Barreto, Naphtali Rishe, Gabriel Lizarraga, Xiaozhen You, William Gaillard
Venue: The Fifth Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference: Intellect, Initiatives, Insight, and Innovations (2009)

This paper describes a novel multimedia tool to facilitate visual assessment of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) activation patterns by human experts. A great effort is placed by radiologists and neurologists to present a consistent methodology to provide assessment for brain activation map images. Since each radiologist has his own way to perform the visual analysis on the images and present the findings, rating a large and heterogeneous group of images is a hard task. Although this tool is focused on assessing fMRI activation patterns related to brain language network paradigms, the tool can be extended to other brain activation maps, such as motor, reading, and working memory. Moreover, the same tool can be used for assessing images acquired using different recording modalities as long as these images are saved in standard image formats such as JPEG, BMP, or PNG. The use of this tool is independent of the methodology used to generate the brain activation map, which can be done using specialized software tools such as Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) or fMRI Software Library (FSL). The main benefits of using this tool for brain activation image scoring are the systematic approach for rating the activation maps, the automatic descriptive statistics applied to the results and the reduction of assessment time from several minutes to seconds. For each study, the proposed system presents the activation pattern image, based on which the rater is asked to indicate the level and type of activation observed in general, and in specific on the following areas: frontal, temporal, and supplemental motor area.
Understanding early diffusion of digital wireless phones
Authors: Robert J. Kauffman, Angsana A. Techatassanasoontorn
Venue: Telecommunications Policy (2009)

There is increasing empirical evidence from academic research and strong recognition among policymakers that wide diffusion and innovative uses of digital wireless phones are important sources of a country's economic growth and social development. Adopters do not necessarily adopt digital wireless phones at the same time though. Although the diffusion of innovation theory suggests five adopter categories according to their degree of innovativeness, this approach lacks theoretical justification and, more importantly, it makes a critical assumption of a normal distribution of adopters that needs empirical validation. This study investigates the basis for defining different adopter categories and factors that affect adoption decisions of digital wireless phones using the aggregate data on 46 developed and developing countries from 1992 to 2002. This paper utilizes a two-step analysis approach. The first step evaluates the distribution of adopters over time using various diffusion models. The second step uses iterative survival analysis to examine the patterns of influential factors on adoption behavior by evaluating the survival models using a 1% increment of cumulative penetration as the targeted events. The results of the best-fitting diffusion models indicate that digital wireless phone adoption patterns did not follow a normal distribution and did not map exactly into Rogers' five adopter categories. The results from the iterative survival analysis suggest four adopter categories (innovators, early adopters, breakthrough adopters, and mainstream adopters) among the first 30% of adopters. Different factors are observed to influence various adopter categories' adoption decisions. The results offer insights to support telecommunication operators to develop strategies to attract these adopters. It also supports policymakers' efforts to design effective regulatory frameworks.
Pairwise likelihood estimation for multivariate mixed Poisson models generated by Gamma intensities
Authors: Florent Chatelain, Sophie Lambert-Lacroix, Jean-Yves Tourneret
Venue: Statistics and Computing (2009)

Estimating the parameters of multivariate mixed Poisson models is an important problem in image processing applications, especially for active imaging or astronomy. The classical maximum likelihood approach cannot be used for these models since the corresponding masses cannot be expressed in a simple closed form. This paper studies a maximum pairwise likelihood approach to estimate the parameters of multivariate mixed Poisson models when the mixing distribution is a multivariate Gamma distribution. The consistency and asymptotic normality of this estimator are derived. Simulations conducted on synthetic data illustrate these results and show that the proposed estimator outperforms classical estimators based on the method of moments. An application to change detection in low-flux images is also investigated.
Broadcasting in cycles with chords
Authors: Frances L. Scoy
Venue:  (2008)

Broadcasting is the process of information dissemination in which one node, the originator, knows a single piece of information and using a series of calls must inform every other node in the network of this information. We assume that at any given time, a node can communicate the message to another node, with which it shares an edge, by acting as either a sender or receiver, but not both. Multiple message broadcasting considers the case when the originator has m messages, where m > 1, to disseminate. Whereas broadcasting limits the communication of a message from one node to another node via a single edge, line broadcasting allows one node to send a message to any other node in the network as long as a simple path exists between the sending node and the receiving node and every edge along the path is not in use. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with chords and we develop broadcast schemes for this type of network. We begin by investigating the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with one and two chords, respectively. Then, we consider the problem of multiple message broadcasting in cycles with one and two chords. Finally, we consider the problem of line broadcasting in cycles with chords. Through our investigations, we develop two algorithms for the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with one and two chords, respectively and we analyze the correctness and complexity of these algorithms. Then, we discuss problems associated with multiple message broadcasting in cycles with one and two chords. Finally, we use techniques developed for line broadcasting in cycles to create minimum time broadcast schemes for cycles through the addition of chords. Using techniques developed in this dissertation, we are able to broadcast in minimum time in cycles with chords. In cycles whose size is a power of 2, we have proved that the number of chords that we add to the cycle is the minimum number of chords required to broadcast in minimum time in such a cycle.
Shallow dependency labeling
Authors: Manfred Klenner
Venue: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions (2007)

We present a formalization of dependency labeling with Integer Linear Programming. We focus on the integration of subcategorization into the decision making process, where the various subcategorization frames of a verb compete with each other. A maximum entropy model provides the weights for ILP optimization.
On the interplay between the semantics of Java's finally clauses and the JML run-time checker
Authors: M. Huisman
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Formal Techniques for Java-like Programs (2009)

This paper discusses how a subtle interaction between the semantics of Java and the implementation of the JML runtime checker can cause the latter to fail to report errors. This problem is due to the well-known capability of finally clauses to implicitly override exceptions. We give some simple examples of annotation violations that are not reported by the run-time checker because the errors are caught within the program text; even without any explicit reference to them. We explain this behaviour, based on the official Java Language Specification. We also discuss what are the consequences of this problem, and we sketch different solutions to the problem (by adapting the implementation of the JML run-time checker, or by adopting a slightly different semantics for Java).
Competitive advantage in e-commerce firms: profitability, customer retention and switching costs in online banking
Authors: Terry Ryan
Venue:  (2008)

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) provides consumers with the benefits of any time, any where transactions, with lower costs. By reducing these costs, however, e-commerce firms may also be reducing their customer retention since customers will have fewer "switching costs" to incur in changing their supplier (Porter 2001). Switching costs contribute to competitive advantage by increasing the bargaining power of suppliers, increasing barriers to entry, decreasing the threat of substitutes and reducing the bargaining power of buyers. They increase competition for new customers and reduce competition for existing customers. Higher switching costs lead to increases in customer retention, profitability and competitive advantage (Ghemawat 2002). Despite the prevalence of switching costs in the strategy and IS literature, few studies have empirically measured these costs and their effect on customer retention. This study will analyze transaction data to explicitly measure this component of switching costs. Results from this study indicate that customers using bill pay services of banks have higher numbers of transactions (leading to higher switching costs) and higher customer retention than their online or offline banking counterparts. This can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage for the firm. At the firm level, profitability is a necessary but not sufficient component of sustainable competitive advantage. This study finds that banks that operate primarily online are more profitable while also providing higher interest rates to customers. This is in contrast to their competitors who operate primarily offline or somewhere between the two on the continuum ("hybrid"). This is also contrary to models in the IT economics literature that suggested that "hybrid" banks should be most profitable. This study contributes to development of IT economics and e-commerce theory by testing existing theory with empirical data. Deviations from existing models allow for improvement and refinement of theory. For the empirical researcher, this study uses statistical methods (e.g., probit models, Markov chain method) commonly applied in other disciplines and brings them into the IT economics domain.
Making sense of anti-malware comparative testing
Authors: David Harley
Venue: Information Security Tech. Report (2009)

If there is a single problem illustrating the gulf between the anti-malware industry and the rest of the online world, it revolves around the difficulties and misunderstandings that plague product testing and evaluation. This article considers these issues and the initiatives taken by the anti-malware and testing sectors to resolve some of them.
Haptic, visual and visuo-haptic softness judgments for objects with deformable surfaces
Authors: Knut Drewing, Andreas Ramisch, Florian Bayer
Venue: Proceedings of the World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2009)

The purpose of this study is to investigate multisensory visual-haptic softness perception using deformable objects. We created a set of rubber specimens, whose compliance varied in a controlled fashion (0.11 to 0.96 mm/N), but which were otherwise indistinguishable. Participants judged the magnitude of the stimuli according to their softness under haptic-only, vision-only and visuo-haptic conditions. In haptic and visuo-haptic conditions participants explored the stimuli without and with vision of their exploratory movements, respectively. In visual conditions, participants watched how another person explored the stimuli. Participants were well able to differentiate between the different stimuli under all three modality conditions. Stimuli were judged to be slightly softer under vision-only conditions than under haptic-only conditions; visuo-haptic judgments were in-between (average visual weight: 55%). These findings demonstrate that a) participants can reliably infer softness from indirect visual information alone-that is from watching corresponding exploratory movements and stimulus deformations-, and that b) such visual information has a major contribution to visuo-haptic softness judgments. We further observed that judgments were more variable under visual as compared to haptic conditions; the variability of visuo-haptic judgments was similar to that of haptic ones. The lack of benefit from adding visual to haptic information, and the contrast between the relatively high visual weight in visuo-haptic judgments on the one hand and the low reliability of visual relative to haptic-only information on the other hand, suggest that the integration of visual and haptic judgments was not optimal, but biased towards vision.
On the Practical Significance of Hypertree vs. TreeWidth
Authors: Rina Dechter, Lars Otten, Radu Marinescu
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2008)

The recently introduced notion of hypertree width has been shown to provide a broader characterization of tractable constraint and probabilistic networks than the tree width. This paper demonstrates empirically that in practice the bounding power of the tree width is still superior to the hypertree width for many benchmark instances of both probabilistic and deterministic networks.
Temporal Entities in the Context of Cross-Cultural Meetings and Negotiations
Authors: Anneli Heimbürger
Venue: Proceeding of the 2009 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XX (2009)

Time is an essential dimension in our knowledge space. Understanding different temporal dimensions and dynamics in cross-cultural meetings and negotiation processes will improve our skills in cross-cultural communication and increase our cultural competence. It also helps us to identify and formalize cross-cultural concepts and related temporal entities and to construct for example cross-cultural XML Schemas. We address three issues in our paper. First, we discuss implications of cross-cultural differences for meetings and negotiations and introduce the concept of a temporal entity in this context. Second, we present three relevant ontological approaches --OWL-Time, temporal aggregates and temporal regions of the Span ontology --for modelling temporal entities in the context of cross-cultural meetings and negotiations. Third, we give proof-of-concept examples of applying those ontological approaches to scheduling meetings and recurrent actions over time zones and to describing temporal parts of cross-cultural meetings and negotiations between Finland and Japan. Cross-cultural XML Schemas and temporal entities have important roles in design and implementation of culture-sensitive information systems.
Galaxy: adaptive client-server load balancing on bounded-degree network overlays
Authors: Kenneth A. Berman
Venue:  (2008)

In this work we describe the Galaxy system which enables communication between disconnected computers by providing a set of public waypoints which accept incoming data from sources and subsequently relay the data to destinations. A prototype of this system has been built which has a Windows Explorer frontend interface and Java-based relay server code deployed on the global PlanetLab network.The primary focus of this thesis is the theoretical analysis of the Galaxy distributed loadbalancing algorithm which attempts to maximize the throughput of the system and provide a measure of fairness to each Galaxy client. The analysis is carried out by first modeling the Galaxy system network as a bipartite graph G = (U &cup; V, E) where each communicating sender/receiver pair is a single node u &isin; U, each node v &isin; V is a relay, and each edge e = (u, v) represents a network connection between a client u and proximate relay v.We call degree-bounded bipartite graphs with maximum client out-degree &Delta; and minimum relay in-degree &delta; as &ldquo;(&Delta;, &delta;) Dual Bounded&rdquo;. We show that on (&Delta;, &delta;) Dual Bounded networks the Galaxy load-balancing algorithm always reaches at least a fraction of optimal equal to min(1, D2-d2D2 -dD-D ) and that this bound is tight. Further, we show that the Galaxy load-balancing algorithm converges in O(|U|) rounds and achieves constant-competitiveness in only O(log(&Delta;)) time rounds.This result suggests that (1) we minimize the number of relays to which each client may connect and maximize the number of clients to which each relay is connected, and (2) provides exact bounds on throughput and the time required to reach convergence as functions of the structure of the network. In addition to being useful for our Galaxy system, the throughput bound given above is also applicable to other distributed Internet services which use TCP/IP.
Mirroring of Group Activity to Support Learning as Participation
Authors: Judy Kay, Peter Reimann, Kalina Yacef
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work (2007)

Recent learning theories stress that learning does not necessarily translate solely into knowledge gains: rather, it can be measured in terms of increased participation and interaction of the individual with their group or community. We explore this in conjunction with exploitation of an existing professional tool, which we have enhanced with mechanisms to extract useful information from learner interaction traces and then make these available in a form that is meaningful for teachers and learners. This broad approach offers huge promise at a far lower cost than that needed to build pure intelligent learning systems. We present our learning environment used in a course where small teams of students work on software development projects and learn about working in groups. We report the success of the approach in terms of the different levels of interaction across two cohorts, the first using just the professional tool and the second using our enhanced visualisations in conjunction with it.
Color Photometric Stereo for Albedo and Shape Reconstruction
Authors: Osamu Ikeda, Ye Duan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2008)

A new color photometric stereo method is presented, which reconstructs both albedo and shapefrom three color images. Optical polarization filters are placed in front of the light source and a camera to capture images free from specular reflection components. First, the albedo maps are derived from three color images. Then, the shape is reconstructed based on the Lambertian reflection from both the images and the albedo maps, using the Jacobi iterative method. The reconstruction is optimized using local and global weights, to minimize degradations due to shadows and saturations in images and color-dependent reflection characteristics of objects. Experimental results are given to evaluate the method.
Situation Assessment for Sensor-Based Recovery Planning
Authors: Abdelbaki Bouguerra, Lars Karlsson, Alessandro Saffiotti
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy (2006)

We present an approach for recovery from perceptual failures, or more precisely anchoring failures. Anchoring is the problem of connecting symbols representing objects to sensor data corresponding to the same objects. The approach is based on using planning, but our focus is not on the plan generation per se. We focus on the very important aspect of situation assessment and how it is carried out for recovering from anchoring failures. The proposed approach uses background knowledge to create hypotheses about world states and handles uncertainty in terms of probabilistic belief states. This work is relevant both from the perspective of developing the anchoring framework, and as a study in plan-based recovery from epistemic failures in mobile robots. Experiments on a mobile robot are shown to validate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems, and Devices, 1st edition
Authors: Krzysztof Iniewski
Venue:  (2007)

Advanced concepts for wireless technologies present a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible. From established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11 or Bluetooth to more emerging technologies, such as Ultra Wide Band and smart dust motes, a common denominator for future progress is the underlying integrated circuit technology. Wireless Technologies responds to the explosive growth of standard cellular radios and radically different wireless applications by presenting new architectural and circuit solutions engineers can use to solve modern design problems. This reference addresses state-of-the art CMOS design in the context of emerging wireless applications, including 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical application. Written by top international experts specializing in both the IC industry and academia, this carefully edited work uncovers new design opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. The book is divided into three sections: wireless system perspectives, chip architecture and implementation issues, and devices and technologies used to fabricate wireless integrated circuits. Contributors address key issues in the development of future silicon-based systems, such as scale of integration, ultra-low power dissipation, and the integration of heterogeneous circuit design style and processes onto one substrate. Wireless sensor network systems are now being applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. This reference, which contains 25 practical and scientifically rigorous articles, provides the knowledge communications engineers need to design innovative methodologies at the circuit and system level.
An Emotion Recognition System Based on Rough Set Theory
Authors: Yong Yang, Guoyin Wang, Peijun Chen
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Advances in Intelligent IT: Active Media Technology 2006 (2006)

Affective computing is becoming a more and more important topic in intelligent computing technology. Emotion recognition is one of the most important topics in affective computing. It is always performed on face and voice information with such technology as ANN, fuzzy set, SVM, HMM, etc. In this paper, an emotion recognition system based on rough set theory (ERSBRS) is proposed, which take facial features as input data. Our simulation experiment results show that rough set theory and method are effective in emotion recognition, and high recognition rate is resulted.
Automatic processing of diabetic patients' hospital documentation
Authors: Małgorzata Marciniak, Agnieszka Mykowiecka
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Balto-Slavonic Natural Language Processing: Information Extraction and Enabling Technologies (2007)

The paper presents a rule-based information extraction (IE) system for Polish medical texts. We select the most important information from diabetic patients' records. Most data being processed are free-form texts, only a part is in table form. The work has three goals: to test classical IE methods on texts in Polish, to create relational database containing the extracted data, and to prepare annotated data for further IE experiments.