ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
How indirect supportive digital help during and after solving physics problems can improve problem-solving abilities
Authors: Henk J. Pol, Egbert G. Harskamp, Cor J. M. Suhre, Martin J. Goedhart
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

This study investigates the effectiveness of computer-delivered hints in relation to problem-solving abilities in two alternative indirect instruction schemes. In one instruction scheme, hints are available to students immediately after they are given a new problem to solve as well as after they have completed the problem. In the other scheme, hints are only available as worked out problems after students have finished their solution. The instruction schemes are supplied by means of a web-based program, Physhint, which supports the development of strategic knowledge [Pol, H. J., Harskamp, E. G., & Suhre, C. J. M. (2008). The effect of the timing of instructional support in a computer-supported problem-solving program for students in secondary physics education. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1156-1178]. This program supports novice problem solvers while undertaking physics problems concerned with forces by providing hints structured in accordance with Schoenfeld's episodes [Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense making in mathematics. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching (pp. 224-270). New York: McMillan Publishing]. An experiment was carried out in four schools in order to study students' use of the hints in both of the computerized instruction schemes, as well as the effect of different uses of the available hints on students' ability to solve physics problems. The experiment consisted of three groups. Two groups of students were assigned to one of the two instruction schemes and a control group was selected for the purpose of comparison. The results of the experiment show that both computerized instruction schemes are effective. Students working with the most elaborate instruction scheme show an increased use of their pallet of heuristics and algorithms in the post-test. Furthermore, the instruction scheme in which hints are available to students during problem-solving proves to be most effective when students show an increase in the systematic use of hints during problem-solving. This paper therefore provides an insight into how a computer program implemented in school practice can improve students' strategic knowledge.
Analyzing dispensing plan for emergency medical supplies in the event of bioterrorism
Authors: Young M. Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

To prepare for the event of bioterrorism, which could spread contagious disease such as anthrax, plague, smallpox, or tularemia to public, local governments in the United States are required have a plan for dispensing medical supplies such as vaccines and antibiotics to general public. The mass prophylaxis would need to cover millions of people in large cities in a short period of time. The distribution and dispensing plan of the medical supplies have to be effective since it would influence health and lives of many people, and there would be no time to fix or adjust plan once the emergency event occurs. In this work, we develop a simulation model to help a major U.S. city in evaluating the effectiveness of alternative dispensing plans and identifying improvement opportunities. This paper describes potential risks and generalized recommendations that can lead to developing effective supply chain and dispensing plans.
Enhanced Sports Image Annotation and Retrieval Based Upon Semantic Analysis of Multimodal Cues
Authors: Kraisak Kesorn, Stefan Poslad
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology (2009)

This paper presents a framework for semi-automatic annotation and semantic image retrieval, applied to the sports domain, based upon semantic analysis of both image text captions and visual features of the image. Unstructured text captions of images are analysed in order to extract the concepts and restructure them into a semantic model. SVM classification of the multi-dominant colours and edge ratio information of the images are used to classify the sport genre. The novelty of the proposed semantic framework is that it can find both the indirectly relevant concepts (concepts not directly referred to) in the visual information and can represent the semantic of images at a higher level by combining image captions and visual feature information. In addition, integrating LSI into the semantic framework enables the proposed system to tolerate ontology imperfections. Experimental results show that the use of the semantic approach significantly enhances image retrieval. Semantic visual information classification and retrieval based upon multimodal cues.
Information retention from PowerPoint™ and traditional lectures
Authors: April Savoy, Robert W. Proctor, Gavriel Salvendy
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

The benefit of PowerPoint^(TM) is continuously debated, but both supporters and detractors have insufficient empirical evidence. Its use in university lectures has influenced investigations of PowerPoint's effects on student performance (e.g., overall quiz/exam scores) in comparison to lectures based on overhead projectors, traditional lectures (e.g., ''chalk-and-talk''), and online lectures. Thus far, comparisons of overall exam scores have yielded mixed results. The present study decomposes overall quiz scores into auditory, graphic, and alphanumeric scores to reveal new insights into effects of PowerPoint presentations on student performance. Analyses considered retention of lecture information presented to students without the presence of PowerPoint (i.e., traditional lecture), auditory information in the presence of PowerPoint, and visual (i.e., graphic and alphanumeric) information displayed on PowerPoint slides. Data were collected from 62 students via quiz and questionnaire. Students retained 15% less information delivered verbally by the lecturer during PowerPoint presentations, but they preferred PowerPoint presentations over traditional presentations.
Observer-Based Synchronization for a Class of Unknown Chaos Systems with Adaptive Fuzzy-Neural Network
Authors: Bing-Fei Wu, Li-Shan Ma, Jau-Woei Perng
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

This investigation applies the adaptive fuzzy-neural observer (AFNO) to synchronize a class of unknown chaotic systems via scalar transmitting signal only. The proposed method can be used in synchronization if nonlinear chaotic systems can be transformed into the canonical form of Lur'e system type by the differential geometric method. In this approach, the adaptive fuzzy-neural network (FNN) in AFNO is adopted on line to model the nonlinear term in the transmitter. Additionally, the master's unknown states can be reconstructed from one transmitted state using observer design in the slave end. Synchronization is achieved when all states are observed. The utilized scheme can adaptively estimate the transmitter states on line, even if the transmitter is changed into another chaos system. On the other hand, the robustness of AFNO can be guaranteed with respect to the modeling error, and external bounded disturbance. Simulation results confirm that the AFNO design is valid for the application of chaos synchronization.
A Complete STIT Logic for Knowledge and Action, and Some of Its Applications
Authors: Jan Broersen
Venue: Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies VI: 6th International Workshop, DALT 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 12, 2008, Revised Selected and Invited Papers (2008)

This paper presents a complete temporal STIT logic for reasoning about multi-agency. I discuss its application for reasoning about norms, knowledge, autonomy, and other multi-agent concepts. Also I give some arguments in favor of taking STIT formalisms instead of dynamic logics as the basis for logics for representing multi-agent system notions.
Standardizing Access to Hydrologic Data Repositories through Web Services
Authors: Bora Beran, Jonathan Goodall, David Valentine, Ilya Zaslavsky, Michael Piasecki
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems & Web Services (2009)

Data repositories such as the USGS' National Water Information System (NWIS), EPA's Storage and Retrieval System (EPA STORET) offer a considerable volume of data for researchers and engineers in the United States through their websites. While accessible through a web browser, data from these sources can not be directly ingested by modeling or analysis tools without human intervention. Different input/output formats, syntax and terminology make data discovery and retrieval a major time sink. This paper examines the web services developed as a part of Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System (HIS) project as a means to standardize access to hydrologic data repositories, facilitate data discovery and enable direct machine-to-machine communication.
Laplacian lines for real-time shape illustration
Authors: Long Zhang, Ying He, Xuexiang Xie, Wei Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games (2009)

This paper presents a novel object-space line drawing algorithm that can depict shape with view dependent feature lines in real-time. Strongly inspired by the Laplacian-of-Gaussian (LoG) edge detector in image processing, we define Laplacian Lines as the zero-crossing points of the Laplacian of the surface illumination. Compared to other view dependent features, Laplacian lines are computationally efficient because most expensive computations can be pre-processed. Thus, Laplacian lines are very promising for interactively illustrating large-scale models.
A Novel Open Loop Structure for Phase Shifting and Frequency Synthesizing
Authors: Sarang Kazeminia, Khayrollah Hadidi, Abdollah Khoei
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

This paper presents a new open-loop phase shifter and frequency synthesizer which can be implemented by small hardware. In the proposed method the differential square wave is converted to a differential ramp. Then the cross points of two ramps are detected as the middle points of high or low durations and are recovered to full digital levels, for 90° shifting operation. 4-phases in 50 MHz frequency can be generated by 3.5 mW power consumption and 60 μm × 60 μm area. All circuits have been simulated in 0.35 μm CMOS technology.
Personalized E-learning system with self-regulated learning assisted mechanisms for promoting learning performance
Authors: Chih-Ming Chen
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

With the rapid development of Internet technologies, the conventional computer-assisted learning (CAL) is gradually moving toward to web-based learning. Additionally, instructors typically base their teaching methods to simultaneously interact with all learners in a class based on their professional disciplines in the traditional classroom learning. However, the requirements of individual learners are frequently ignored in the traditional classroom learning. Compared to the conventional classroom learning, individual learners are the focus in web-based learning environments and many web-based learning systems provide personalized learning mechanisms for individual learners. One key problem is that learners have to frequently interact with web-based learning systems even though they lack instructors to monitor their learning attitudes and behavior during learning processes. Hence, a learner's ability to self-regulated learning is clearly an important factor affecting learning performance in a web-based learning environment. Self-regulated learning is a goal-oriented learning strategy that is very suited to self-managed learning to promote learning performance of individual learners in a web-based learning environment. However, how to assist learners in cultivating self-regulated learning abilities efficiently is an important research issue in the self-regulated learning field. This study presents a novel personalized e-learning system with self-regulated learning assisted mechanisms that help learners enhance their self-regulated learning abilities. The proposed self-regulated learning mechanisms assist learners in becoming lifelong learners who have autonomous self-regulated learning abilities. Additionally, four self-regulated learning types, based on a self-regulated learning competence index and self-regulated learning performance index, are also proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed self-regulated learning assisted mechanisms aid learners by speeding up their acquisition of self-regulated learning abilities in a personalized e-learning system, and help their learning performance.
A mechanism for QoS path selection in a WLAN-UMTS scenario: mobile agent approach
Authors: Emanuel Puschita, Tudor Palade, Frank-Uwe Andersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Data networks, communications, computers (2008)

Wireless/wireline systems have entered a phase characterized by the integration of the existing platforms into heterogeneous multi-access network architectures. The differentiated requirements of applications over this multitude of access networks need a mechanism for resource negotiation and management. The aim of the paper is to present the possibility of an inter-domain end-to-end path selection based on a set of aggregate network parameters, imposed by the source application and managed by mobile agents. The parameter set could include one-way delay, jitter and throughput. The paper presents the best path selection to the destination in a hybrid access WLAN-UMTS scenario, based on mobile agent's one-way delay estimation.
Irrelevant gene elimination for Partial Least Squares based Dimension Reduction by using feature probes
Authors: Xue-Qiang Zeng, Guo-Zheng Li, Geng-Feng Wu, Jack Y. Yang, Mary Qu Yang
Venue: International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics (2009)

It is hard to analyse gene expression data which has only a few observations but with thousands of measured genes. Partial Least Squares based Dimension Reduction (PLSDR) is superior for handling such high dimensional problems, but irrelevant features will introduce errors into the dimension reduction process. Here, feature selection is applied to filter the data and an algorithm named PLSDRg is described by integrating PLSDR with gene elimination, which is performed by the indication of t-statistic scores on standardised probes. Experimental results on six microarray data sets show that PLSDRg is effective and reliable to improve generalisation performance of classifiers.
A refinement approach to design and verification of on-chip communication protocols
Authors: Peter Böhm, Tom Melham
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (2008)

Modern computer systems rely more and more on on-chip communication protocols to exchange data. To meet performance requirements these protocols have become highly complex, which usually makes their formal verification infeasible with reasonable time and effort. We present a new refinement approach to on-chip communication protocols that combines design and verification together, interleaving them hand-in-hand. Our modeling framework consists of design steps and design transformations formalized as finite state machines. Given a verified design step, transformations are used to extend the system with advanced features. A design transformation ensures that the extended design is correct if the previous system is correct. This approach is illustrated by an arbiter-based master-slave communication system inspired by the AMBA High-performance Bus architecture. Starting with a sequential protocol design, it is extended with pipelining and burst transfers. Transformations are generated from design constraints providing a basis for correctness-by-design of the derived system.
A computational framework for topographies of cortical areas
Authors: Paul V. Watkins, Thomas L. Chen, Dennis L. Barbour
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2009)

Self-organizing feature maps (SOFMs) represent a dimensionality-reduction algorithm that has been used to replicate feature topographies observed experimentally in primary visual cortex (V1). We used the SOFM algorithm to model possible topographies of generic sensory cortical areas containing up to five arbitrary physiological features. This study explored the conditions under which these multi-feature SOFMs contained two features that were mapped monotonically and aligned orthogonally with one another (i.e., &#x201c;globally orthogonal&#x201d;), as well as the conditions under which the map of one feature aligned with the longest anatomical dimension of the modeled cortical area (i.e., &#x201c;dominant&#x201d;). In a single SOFM with more than two features, we never observed more than one dominant feature, nor did we observe two globally orthogonal features in the same map in which a dominant feature occurred. Whether dominance or global orthogonality occurred depended upon how heavily weighted the features were relative to one another. The most heavily weighted features are likely to correspond to those physical stimulus properties transduced directly by the sensory epithelium of a particular sensory modality. Our results imply, therefore, that in the primary cortical area of sensory modalities with a two-dimensional sensory epithelium, these two features are likely to be organized globally orthogonally to one another, and neither feature is likely to be dominant. In the primary cortical area of sensory modalities with a one-dimensional sensory epithelium, however, this feature is likely to be dominant, and no two features are likely to be organized globally orthogonally to one another. Because the auditory system transduces a single stimulus feature (i.e., frequency) along the entire length of the cochlea, these findings may have particular relevance for topographic maps of primary auditory cortex.
Spacecraft Propellant Sloshing Suppression Using Input Shaping Technique
Authors: Naiming Qi, Kai Dong, Xianlu Wang, Yunqian Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (2009)

Propellant sloshing, which induces perturbations to dynamic behavior of spacecraft, is a conspicuous problem. Thus, sloshing suppression during maneuver poses a challenge on spacecraft control design. Herein, the input shaping technique, which has been validated in reducing residual vibration of flexible structure, is applied on this subject. The input shaper is designed to subject to constraints such as limited amplitude of sloshing disturbance, time optimization and capability of engine. The design procedure is described in this paper. The dynamical influence of propellant sloshing is modeled by a discrete mechanical model. The parameters of the model are calculated by use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software and converted to a "sloshing" block to be imported in simulation loop conveniently. In an example, several types of input shapers are designed to suppress the sloshing in spherical vessel. The effectiveness of the shapers is discussed due to the computer simulation results.
Enhancing SAT-based sequential depth computation by pruning search space
Authors: Yung-Chih Chen, Chun-Yao Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2009)

The sequential depth determines the completeness of bounded model checking in design verification. Recently, a SAT-based method is proposed to compute the sequential depth of a design by searching the state space. Unfortunately, it suffers from the search space explosion due to the exponential growth of design complexity. To alleviate the impact of state space explosion, we propose a search space reduction method. We collect the learned states and consider them constraints for further path searching. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic to guide the SAT-solver to efficiently find a shortest path. The experimental results show that as compared to another method which also enhances the previous SAT-based method using a branch-and-bound strategy, our approach obtains more improvements.
Multiple continuous queries evaluation over data streams
Authors: Hong Kyu Park, Won Suk Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied computer scince (2008)

Query processing for data streams should be continuous and rapid, which requires strict time constraint. In most previous researches, in order to guarantee this constraint, the evaluation order of join predicates in a continuous query is optimized by a greedy. However, the greedy strategy traces only the first promising plan, so that it often finds a sub-optimal plan. This paper proposes an improved scheme called an Adaptively Sharing-based Extended Greedy Algorithm(A-SEGO). Given continuous queries with multiple join operations, they simultaneously trace a set of promising plans to reduce the possibility of producing a sub-optimal plan. Also it can control the time to optimize continuous queries depending the current processing load by controlling the number of traced plans. Experiment results illustrate the performance of the A-SEGO in various stream environments.
NLP techniques in enriching e-governance
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Surendranath Nayak
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (2008)

E-Governance is the use of Information and Communication Technologies for improving the functioning of government organizations to enable more citizen-centric services and relationships. It involves the engagement of citizen in the decision making processes for providing more effective services and policies. In this paper, we shall be discussing the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in e-Governance. NLP has the strong potentials in supporting e-governance objectives particularly in the area of localization of contents and analysis of contributions by citizens in discussion forum. In this paper we present some ideas on how NLP technologies can support localization in e-governance.
Scattering-limited and ballistic transport in a nano-CMOS circuit
Authors: Ismail Saad, Michael L. P. Tan, Aaron C. E. Lee, Razali Ismail, Vijay K. Arora
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

The mobility and saturation velocity in the nanoscale metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are revealed to be ballistic; the former in a channel whose length is smaller than the scattering-limited mean free path. The drain-end carrier velocity is smaller than the ultimate saturation velocity due to the presence of a finite electric field at the drain. The current-voltage characteristics of a MOSFET are obtained and shown to agree well with the experimental observations on an 80nm channel. When scaling complementary pair of NMOS and PMOS channels, it is shown that the length of the channel is proportional to the channel mobility. On the other hand, the width of the channel is scaled inversely proportional to the saturation velocity of the channel. The results reported may transform the way the ULSI circuits are designed and their performance evaluated.