ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Replacing Failed Sensor Nodes by Mobile Robots
Authors: Yongguo Mei, Changjiu Xian, Saumitra Das, Y. Charlie Hu, Yung-Hsiang Lu
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International ConferenceWorkshops on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Sensor replacement is important for sensor networks to provide continuous sensing services. Existing approaches relocate redundant nodes to fill the holes created by failed sensors and require all or most sensor nodes to have mobility. However, mobility equipment is expensive while technology trends are scaling sensors to be smaller and cheaper. In this paper, we propose to use a small number of mobile robots to replace failed sensors in a large-scale static sensor network. We study algorithms for detecting and reporting sensor failures and coordinating the movement of robots that minimize the motion energy of mobile robots and the messaging overhead incurred to the sensor network. A manager receives failure reports and determines which robot to handle a failure. We study three algorithms: a centralized manager algorithm, a fixed distributed manager algorithm, and a dynamic distributed manager algorithm. Our simulations show that: (a) The centralized and the dynamic distributed algorithms have lower motion overhead than the fixed distributed algorithm. (b) The centralized algorithm is less scalable than the two distributed manager algorithms. (c) The two distributed algorithms have higher messaging cost than the centralized algorithm. Hence, the optimal choice of the coordination algorithm depends on the specific scenarios and objectives being optimized.
Simulation in java with SSJ
Authors: Pierre L'Ecuyer, Eric Buist
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

We describe SSJ, an organized set of software tools offering general-purpose facilities for stochastic simulation programming in Java. It supports the event view, process view, continuous simulation, and arbitrary mixtures of these. Random number generators with multiple streams and sub-streams, quasi-Monte Carlo methods and their randomizations, and random variate generation for a rich selection of distributions, are all supported in an integrated framework. Performance, flexibility, and extensibility were key criteria in the design and implementation of SSJ. We illustrate its use by simple examples.
A system for supporting group learning that enhances interactions
Authors: Fusako Kusunoki, Masanori Sugimoto, Hiromichi Hashizume
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

In this paper, we describe and evaluate a system for supporting group learning that enhances interactions among learners. To date we have constructed several systems for supporting collaborative learning. One of the aims of CSCL is to promote mutual learning through interactions and discussions among learners. Our previous experiments, however, have shown that these systems may not be so effective for supporting interactions and discussions at times. In order to enhance interactions further, a system should support externalization of each learner in an easily recognizable manner. Through such externalization, learners can actively collaborate or conflict with each other through discussions.The proposed system integrates a board game and a computer simulation, and is used for studying urban planning and environmental problems. Each learner externalizes and represents his/her own ideas on a board game, which allows him/her to actively participate in a learning situation and to share the representations with other learners. The computer simulation helps the learners to understand the status of the town constructed on the board game.Several experiments were carried out in a public elementary school. The results show that our system is effective for enhancing interactions, discussions and learner engagement.
A composite neural network model for perseveration and distractibility in the Wisconsin card sorting test
Authors: Gülay B. Kaplan, Neslihan S. Şengör, Hakan Gürvit, İbrahim Genç, Cüneyt Güzeliş
Venue: Neural Networks (2006)

A composite artificial neural network model is proposed to simulate the performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a test of executive functions where prefrontal deficits are matched to some quantitative measures such as percentage of perseverative errors and number of failures to maintain set. In this work, the proposed model is used to simulate the performances of healthy subjects and patients with prefrontal involvement particularly on these measures. The model is designed in such a way that one of the subsystems, namely, the Hopfield network, serves as the working memory and the other, the Hamming block, as the hypothesis generator. The results show that the proposed relatively simple model is capable of simulating the wide range of the performances of both normal subjects and prefrontal patients on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. While lowering the Hamming distance in the Hamming block gave rise to progressively more perseverative responses, changing the threshold vector of the Hopfield network resulted in more set maintenance failures. The former manipulation disrupts the abstraction or mental flexibility and the latter sustained attention or perseverance both of which are the major functions of the prefrontal system.
On the impact of outliers on high-dimensional data analysis methods for face recognition
Authors: Sid-Ahmed Berrani, Christophe Garcia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Computer vision meets databases (2005)

In this paper, the impact of outliers on the performance of high-dimensional data analysis methods is studied in the context of face recognition. Most of the existing face recognition methods are based on PCA-like methods: Faces are projected into a lower dimensional space in which similarity between faces is more easily evaluated. These methods are, however, very sensitive to the quality of face images used in the training and the recognition phases. Their performance significantly degrades when faces are not well centered or taken under variable illumination conditions. In this paper, we study this phenomenon for two face recognition methods (PCA and LDA2D) and we propose a filtering process that allows an automatic isolation of noisy faces which are responsible for the performance degradation. This process is performed during the training phase as well as the recognition phase. It is based-on the recently proposed robust high-dimensional data analysis method RobPCA. Experiments show that this filtering process improves the recognition rate by 10 to 20%.
Detailed Exploration of Face-related Processing in Congenital Prosopagnosia: 1. Behavioral Findings
Authors: Marlene Behrmann, Galia Avidan, Jonathan J. Marotta, Rutie Kimchi
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

We show that five individuals with congenital prosopagnosia (CP) are impaired at face recognition and discrimination and do not exhibit the normal superiority for upright over inverted faces despite intact visual acuity, low-level vision and intelligence, and in the absence of any obvious neural concomitant. Interestingly, the deficit is not limited to faces: The CP individuals were also impaired at discriminating common objects and novel objects although to a lesser extent than discriminating faces. The perceptual deficit may be attributable to a more fundamental visual processing disorder; the CP individuals exhibited difficulty in deriving global configurations from simple visual stimuli, even with extended exposure duration and considerable perceptual support in the image. Deriving a global configuration from local components is more critical for faces than for other objects, perhaps accounting for the exaggerated deficit in face processing. These findings elucidate the psychological mechanisms underlying CP and support the link between configural and face processing.
Consciousness changing the photoelectric principle by slow wave
Authors: Cao Dayong
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

The experiment results show that human consciousness may change photoelectric signals such as Voc and Isc of solar cell at isolation air. Mass wave with a characteristic of slow fluctuation exist in consciousness signal, frequency interaction principle of it and its photo-electronic conversion equation are being put forward. Consciousness produces the consciousness field and use mass wave of consciousness signal, and acts on electro-optical system and the system magnifies it. Consciousness influence brain and consciousness development does to the brain . Consciousness evolves is the spiritual character.
Admission control policies for video on demand brokers
Authors: B. Qazzaz, J. Moreno, J. Xiao, P. Hernandez, R. Suppi, E. Luque
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

A VOD server has to employ admission control algorithms to decide whether a new client (request) can be admitted without violating the requirements of clients who are already being serviced. This paper presents and analyzes four specific admission control algorithms pertaining to the deterministic and predictive category. These algorithms are: maximum, adaptive maximum, average and adaptive average. They are studied in detail for CPU and network resources. The adaptive algorithms are our own contribution and we show that they use an exponential weighted average to guess the future resource needs of a stream, rather than just using the maximum or mean over the whole period. Thus, they provide smoothing and so a closer matching of resources used to those reserved and so higher capacity and less waiting time.
Strategies for Efficient Streaming in Delay-Tolerant Multimedia Applications
Authors: Saraswathi Krithivasan, Sridhar Iyer
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2006)

We consider Multimedia applications where clients specify a minimum desired stream rate (quality) and a time till when they are willing to wait, termed delay tolerance. The Content Service Provider's (CSP) objective is to service as many clients' requests for the same multimedia content with a single stream while satisfying their requirements. We propose an optimization approach to determine the rates delivered at clients and study three transcoder deployment strategies: (i) Source Transcoding (ST): when content encoded at different rates are available only at the source (ii)Anywhere Transcoding (AT): when transcoding capability is available at all intermediate nodes, and (iii)Selected Node Transcoding (SNT): when transcoding capability is available at selected intermediate nodes. Considering the complexity of the optimal solution, we propose a set of heuristic based algorithms for delivering enhanced rates to clients using the three strategies. A practical content dissemination network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategies.
European Strategies Towards Next Generation Grids
Authors: Domenico Laforenza
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of The Fifth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (2006)

There has been a lot of water pass under the bridge since the term Grid Computing was introduced by Foster and Kesselman in the middle of 90s. Since then the Grid concept has evolved, losing its initial highperformance computing flavor. Currently there is an increasing number of researchers that looks at the Grid as "A fully distributed, dynamically reconfigurable, scalable and autonomous infrastructure to provide location independent, pervasive, reliable, secure and efficient access to a coordinated set of services encapsulating and virtualizing resources (computing power, storage, instruments, data, etc.) in order to generate knowledge". This Grid definition is the outcome of an internal brainstorming exercise conducted recently in the CoreGrid (http://www.coregrid.net/) Executive Committee. Moreover, several researchers envision that economics principle will guide in the future the development of Grid-aware applications: an open market of services and resources will become available to the developer, who will choose to use computing time and software solutions from different vendors, sold at different prices, with different performance and QoS. In this light the great majority of complex software applications will, in the mid-long term, be dynamically built by composing services which will be available in an open market of services and resources. In this sense, the Grid might be conceived as a world-wide cyber-utility populated by self-* cooperating services which interact as in a complex and gigantic software ecosystem. This will lead to a new style of application development based on software services, which will in turn need the expansion of existing practice regarding service location, standardization, semantics of services, certification, and others. After an introduction on the current European strategies on Grid technologies, and on the most recent IST FP6-funded European projects, this talk presents the outcome of a group of independent experts convened by the European Commission with the objective to draw visions of the future for European Grids, and in particular about possible evolutions of GRIDs towards Service Oriented Knowledge Utilities.
Innovative session: early childhood robotics for learning
Authors: Marina Bers, Chris Rogers, Laura Beals, Merredith Portsmore, Kevin Staszowski, Erin Cejka, Adam Carberry, Brian Gravel, Janice Anderson, Michael Barnett
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Robotics is a powerful learning manipulative for young children (four through seven years) as it enables the early introduction of engineering and programming. This session begins with a theoretical introduction to the robotic technology of programmable LEGO&reg; bricks and its relationship to developmentally appropriate practice. This will be followed by an interactive poster and demonstration session where participants can learn about and discuss different research projects using robotics in early childhood education, including: fostering interactions between parents and children; promoting problem-solving skills; engaging teachers with different teaching styles; innovative partnerships between pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and engineers; innovative curriculum projects using this technology; and the use of robotics with special needs students. A table with LEGO bricks and computers with ROBOLAB&trade; software will be available so participants can explore the materials in a hands-on workshop environment. After the presentations, the session organizer will lead an open discussion.
Wristbands as Interaction Devices: a Vision-Based Interaction Space for Facilitating Full-Body Learning
Authors: Chen-Chung Liu, Wen-Chi Chiou, Shu-Ju Tai, Chin-Chung Tsai, Gwo-Dong Chen, Chen-Wei Jong, Baw-Jhiune Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2006)

The development of ubiquitous computing and sensor network technology has made full-body interaction with computers possible in many scenarios. However, learners encounter different interaction style such as body touch or body demonstration in the interaction style. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the links among learner actions, learning process and peer interactions in the full-body interaction scenarios. A methodology that utilizes wristbands as the interaction devices between computers and children is implemented to support an illustrative full-body interaction scenario. Children reactions revealed that they developed knowledge and connected their body gestures to the symbol notations of mathematics after experiencing the full-body interaction activities. Partner supports in the full-body interaction scenario were frequently carried out by body touch and demonstration.
Haptics in Virtual Reality and Multimedia
Authors: Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Ugo Bonanni
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

Imagine that you're chatting with a good friend who tells you about her new cashmere pullover, and that you're able to touch it and appreciate the soft sensation of the cashmere wool--remotely over the Web in your virtual chatroom! In this article, the authors present their work on haptic sensing of virtualtextiles. This is work done in the context of the Haptex research project that aims at integrating thehuman sense of touch into multimodal user interfaces. Being able to support haptic perception in the userinterface will be a great step toward next-generation immersive multimedia experiences.
A Balanced Ensemble Approach to Weighting Classifiers for Text Classification
Authors: Gabriel Pui Cheong Fung, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Haixun Wang, David W. Cheung, Huan Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

This paper studies the problem of constructing an effective heterogeneous ensemble classifier for text classification. One major challenge of this problem is to formulate a good combination function, which combines the decisions of the individual classifiers in the ensemble. We show that the classification performance is affected by three weight components and they should be included in deriving an effective combination function. They are: (1) Global effectiveness, which measures the effectiveness of a member classifier in classifying a set of unseen documents; (2) Local effectiveness, which measures the effectiveness of a member classifier in classifying the particular domain of an unseen document; and (3) Decision confidence, which describes how confident a classifier is when making a decision when classifying a specific unseen document. We propose a new balanced combination function, called Dynamic Classifier Weighting (DCW), that incorporates the afore-mentioned three components. The empirical study demonstrates that the new combination function is highly effective for text classification.
Multimedia applications: beyond similarity searches
Authors: John Smith, David Doermann, Amarnath Gupta, Jonathan Goldstein, Uri Shaft, Nalini Ratha
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Computer vision meets databases (2005)

Relational database systems solve many of the traditional problems for processing of structured data. However, unstructured data in the form of images, video, audio and multimedia is growing at a tremendous rate and introduces new requirements that are not met by today's database engines. One well known example is content-based retrieval that involves similarity searching and indexing in high-dimensional feature spaces. In addition there has been much recent focus on applying machine learning techniques involving semantics modeling, spatio-temporal indexing, multi-modal (audio-, visual-, textual-) integration and relevance feedback searching.
A tool for packaging and exchanging simulation results
Authors: Dragan Savić, Matevž Pustišek, Francesco Potortì
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

Storing and exchanging simulation data is a common task among simulation practitioners, but quite often it becomes a challenge as huge quantities of data are not uncommon, and conversion between different formats can become an unwieldy task. After examining some of the needs of the telecommunications simulation community, we describe the architecture of the working prototype of a general purpose archiver and converter for big quantities of simulation data to be released as free software.
Experiences in passively detecting session hijacking attacks in IEEE 802.11 networks
Authors: Rupinder Gill, Jason Smith, Andrew Clark
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Australasian workshops on Grid computing and e-research - Volume 54 (2006)

Current IEEE 802.11 wireless networks are vulnerable to session hijacking attacks as the existing standards fail to address the lack of authentication of management frames and network card addresses, and rely on loosely coupled state machines. Even the new WLAN security standard - IEEE 802.11i does not address these issues. In our previous work, we proposed two new techniques for improving detection of session hijacking attacks that are passive, computationally inexpensive, reliable, and have minimal impact on network performance. These techniques utilise unspoofable characteristics from the MAC protocol and the physical layer to enhance confidence in the intrusion detection process. This paper extends our earlier work and explores usability, robustness and accuracy of these intrusion detection techniques by applying them to eight distinct test scenarios. A correlation engine has also been introduced to maintain the false positives and false negatives at a manageable level. We also explore the process of selecting optimum thresholds for both detection techniques. For the purposes of our experiments, Snort-Wireless open source wireless intrusion detection system was extended to implement these new techniques and the correlation engine. Absence of any false negatives and low number of false positives in all eight test scenarios successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the correlation engine and the accuracy of the detection techniques.
Energy consumption and conservation in mobile peer-to-peer systems
Authors: Selim Gurun, Priya Nagpurkar, Ben Y. Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Decentralized resource sharing in mobile computing and networking (2006)

Today's mobile devices are growing in number and computational resources. Devices capable of storing gigabytes of digital content are becoming ubiquitous, making them an ideal platform for peer-to-peer content delivery and sharing. However, the always on communication patterns of P2P networks is not a natural fit for energy-constrained mobile devices. In this paper, we perform a detailed study of energy consumption of a structured P2P overlay on a PDA device. Using actual energy measurements, we present energy consumption results for different type of operations in P2P overlays. Based on these observations, we implement an approach to improve energy conservation on P2P protocols and show some promising preliminary results.
Particularism and the Classification and Reclassification of Moral Cases
Authors: Marcello Guarini
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Is it possible to learn to classify cases as morally acceptable or unacceptable without using moralprinciples? Jonathan Dancy has suggested that moral reasoning (including learning) could be done withoutmoral principles, and he has suggested that neural network models could aid in understanding how to dothis. This article explores Dancy's suggestion by presenting a neural network model of case classification.The author argues that although some nontrivial case classification might be possible without theexplicitly consulting or executing moral principles, the process of reclassifying cases is best explainedby using moral principles.This article is part of a special issue on Machine Ethics.