ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Moving Objects Using Low Frequency Snapshots in Sensor Networks
Authors: Egemen Tanin, Songting Chen, Junichi Tatemura, Wang-Pin Hsiung
Venue: Proceedings of the The Ninth International Conference on Mobile Data Management (2008)

Monitoring moving objects is one of the key application domains for sensor networks. In the absence of cooperative objects and devices attached to these objects, target tracking algorithms have to be used for monitoring. In this paper, we present that many of the applications of moving object monitoring systems could be addressed with low-frequency snapshot-based queries. With the realization of this query type, we show that existing target tracking algorithms may not be the least expensive solutions. We introduce an approach that uses two alternating strategies. We maintain a cheap low-quality knowledge of moving objects’ location between snapshots and trigger expensive sensor readings only when a snapshot period has elapsed. With extensive experiments we show that our approach is significantly more energy efficient than established methods. It is also more effective than existing data-and-query centric in-network query processing schemes as it can maintain object identities between snapshots.
Formally Proved Anti-tearing Properties of Embedded C Code
Authors: June Andronick
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (2006)

In smart card embedded programs, some operations must not be suddenly interrupted, because if they are, the card is left in an inconsistent state. Since the card can be removed at any time from the terminal, which interrupts any running program, some instructions must be executed at each reset in order to verify if a tearing occurred and to restore a consistent state if necessary. In this case, the card is said to ensure the anti-tearing property. This paper presents a method to formally prove that a C program verifies the anti-tearing property for a given "tearing-sensitive operation. The back-ground methodology, presented in [1], [2], enables to prove global properties from source code. It is here illustrated by the proof of anti-tearing properties, which requires an extension of the method in order to specify and verify functions behaviour in the case of a sudden interruption of their execution.
Time-Triggered Fieldbus Networks State of the Art and Future Applications
Authors: Wilfried Elmenreich
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (2008)

The time-triggered paradigm encompasses a set of concepts and principles that support the design of dependable real-time systems. By using the properties of physical time and the mechanism of clock synchronization, coordinated interaction between distributed nodes can be facilitated. This paper briefly explains the time-triggered approach, defines a taxonomy for real-time requirements and discusses seven protocols that provide time-triggered features. Finally, two application examples are given that show the potential of the time-triggered approach.
Relational joins on graphics processors
Authors: Bingsheng He, Ke Yang, Rui Fang, Mian Lu, Naga Govindaraju, Qiong Luo, Pedro Sander
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2008)

We present a novel design and implementation of relational join algorithms for new-generation graphics processing units (GPUs). The most recent GPU features include support for writing to random memory locations, efficient inter-processor communication, and a programming model for general-purpose computing. Taking advantage of these new features, we design a set of data-parallel primitives such as split and sort, and use these primitives to implement indexed or non-indexed nested-loop, sort-merge and hash joins. Our algorithms utilize the high parallelism as well as the high memory bandwidth of the GPU, and use parallel computation and memory optimizations to effectively reduce memory stalls. We have implemented our algorithms on a PC with an NVIDIA G80 GPU and an Intel quad-core CPU. Our GPU-based join algorithms are able to achieve a performance improvement of 2-7X over their optimized CPU-based counterparts.
Optimization design of control charts based on minimax decision criterion and fuzzy process shifts
Authors: Yan-Kwang Chen, Hsu-Hwa Chang, Fei-Rung Chiu
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2008)

This paper presents a novel procedure for optimally designing the control chart with vagueness in process shift. This procedure treats the process shift as a fuzzy number with a given membership function, and takes a range of values from the fuzzy cut set for possible shifts to implement the chart design. Taking multiple shifts into account, the design parameters of control charts are optimally determined according to the minimax decision criterion: (1) approximating the maximum cost each potential design may suffer by means of simulation techniques; and (2) using genetic algorithm as a search tool to find the optimum design that minimizes the maximum cost. An industrial example is provided to illustrate this procedure and how to set its operative condition. Sensitivity analysis is then carried out to investigate the effect of model parameters on the optimum design.
Gröbner bases and Diophantine analysis
Authors: Mihai Cipu
Venue: Journal of Symbolic Computation (2008)

A novel application of Grobner bases to study the number of positive solutions to systems of generalised Pell equations is proposed and discussed.
Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Pathogenesis of SARS
Authors: Li He, Yanqing Ding, Qingling Zhang, Ping Liang, Xingyuan Liu, Sheng-He Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

In order to understand the role of monocytes and macrophages (M) in the pathogenesis of SARS, we detect pathological changes, cell apoptosis and expression levels of CD68, Mac387, CD25, ACE2 and S protein in the specimens of lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. Plenty of infiltrating M could be seen in a number of tissues including the alveolus cavity, the lymphatic sinus in lymph nodes and the splenic pulp. Expression of ACE2 and S protein was detected in the M of lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. Compared with normal tissues, the number of apoptotic cells was increased significantly in the M of lungs, spleen and lymph nodes in SARS patients. Our previous hypothetic model for the immunopathogenesis of SARS has been further confirmed by the present observation. It is, therefore, of clinical significance to find a way to block the pathway of M -mediated activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs).
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Handoff Algorithms in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Min Liu, Zhongcheng Li, Xiaobing Guo, Eryk Dutkiewicz
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2008)

In heterogeneous wireless networks, handoff can be separated into two parts: horizontal handoff (HHO) and vertical handoff (VHO). VHO plays an important role to fulfill seamless data transfer when mobile nodes cross wireless access networks with different link layer technologies. Current VHO algorithms mainly focus on when to trigger VHO, but neglect the problem of how to synthetically consider all currently available networks (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and choose the optimal network for HHO or VHO from all the available candidates. In this paper, we present an analytical framework to evaluate VHO algorithms. Subsequently, we extend the traditional hysteresis based and dwelling-timer based algorithms to support both VHO and HHO decisions and apply them to complex heterogeneous wireless environments. We refer to these enhanced algorithms as E-HY and E-DW, respectively. Based on the proposed analytical model, we provide a formalization definition of the handoff conditions in E-HY and E-DW and analyze their performance. Subsequently, we propose a novel general handoff decision algorithm, GHO, to trigger HHO and VHO in heterogeneous wireless networks. Analysis shows that GHO can achieve better performance than E-HY and E-DW. Simulations validate the analytical results and verify that GHO outperforms traditional algorithms in terms of the matching ratio, TCP throughput and UDP throughput.
Multi-sensor studies of the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004
Authors: R. P. Singh, G. Cervone, M. Kafatos, A. K. Prasad, A. K. Sahoo, D. Sun, D. L. Tang, R. Yang
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Multi sensor satellites are now capable of monitoring the globe during day and night and provide information about the land, ocean and atmosphere. Soon after the Sumatra tsunami and earthquake of 26 December 2004, multi-sensors data have been analysed to study the changes in ocean, land, meteorological and atmospheric parameters. A pronounced changes in the ocean, atmospheric and meteorological parameters are observed while comparing data prior and after the Sumatra main event of 26 December 2004. These changes strongly suggest a strong coupling between land, ocean and atmosphere associated with the Sumatra event.
Large margin vs. large volume in transductive learning
Authors: Ran El-Yaniv, Dmitry Pechyony, Vladimir Vapnik
Venue: Machine Learning (2008)

We consider a large volume principle for transductive learning that prioritizes the transductive equivalence classes according to the volume they occupy in hypothesis space. We approximate volume maximization using a geometric interpretation of the hypothesis space. The resulting algorithm is defined via a non-convex optimization problem that can still be solved exactly and efficiently. We provide a bound on the test error of the algorithm and compare it to transductive SVM (TSVM) using 31 datasets.
PAC learning with irrelevant attributes
Authors: A. Dhagat
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1994)

We consider the problem of learning in the presence of irrelevant attributes in Valiant's PAC model (1984). In the PAC model, the goal of the learner is to produce an approximately correct hypothesis from random sample data. If the number of relevant attributes in the target function is small, it may be desirable to produce a hypothesis that also depends on only a small number of variables. Haussler (1988) previously considered the problem of learning monomials of a small number of variables. He showed that the greedy set cover approximation algorithm can be used as a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning monomials on r of n variables. A outputs a monomial on r(ln q+1) variables, where q is the number of negative examples in the sample. We extend this result by showing that there is a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning k-term DNF formulas depending on r of n variables that outputs a DNF formula depending on O(r/sup k/log/sup k/q) variables, where q is the number of negative examples in the sample. We also give a polynomial-time Occam algorithm for learning decision lists (sometimes called 1-decision lists) with k alternations.
Biological Thermal Effects Analysis of High Power Laser for BPH
Authors: Zhenyu Wang, Linghong Zhou, Chaomin Chen, Anyang Wei, Qian Ni, Lin Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 01 (2008)

It is desirable for the non-and-mini traumatic laser surgical procedures to remove tissue accurately with the minimal thermal damage to the adjacent non-irradiated tissues. Photo-thermal interactions between laser rays and biological tissues have various thermal effects such as coagulation, vaporization and carbonization. The energy of laser continuously accumulates and diffuses in biological tissues, so that different extent thermal effects and thermal damage of biological tissues have been induced. In this paper, the thermal conduction model and optical parameters of biological tissues are discussed, the relevant thermal effects calculation equations are deduced, the instantaneous temperature distribution of biological tissue irradiated by high power laser is simulated, the thermal damage depth is numerically predicted and the relationship curve between time and the thermal penetraction depth is described. The study is of significance in revealing the mechanisms of laser thermal interaction with biological tissue, as well as developing clinical application of laser medicine.
Nonnegative matrix factorization via rank-one downdate
Authors: Michael Biggs, Ali Ghodsi, Stephen Vavasis
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (2008)

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was popularized as a tool for data mining by Lee and Seung in 1999. NMF attempts to approximate a matrix with nonnegative entries by a product of two low-rank matrices, also with nonnegative entries. We propose an algorithm called rank-one downdate (R1D) for computing an NMF that is partly motivated by the singular value decomposition. This algorithm computes the dominant singular values and vectors of adaptively determined sub-matrices of a matrix. On each iteration, R1D extracts a rank-one submatrix from the original matrix according to an objective function. We establish a theoretical result that maximizing this objective function corresponds to correctly classifying articles in a nearly separable corpus. We also provide computational experiments showing the success of this method in identifying features in realistic datasets. The method is also much faster than other NMF routines.
Energy-efficient anonymous multicast in mobile ad-hoc networks
Authors: Jung-Chun Kao, Radu Marculescu
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

Protecting personal privacy and energy efficiency are two primary concerns for mobile ad hoc networks. However, no energy-efficient multicast algorithm designed for preserving anonymity has been proposed to date. At the same time, existing approaches cannot be applied to anonymous routing due to their incapability of preserving anonymity. To solve this critical issue, we propose an energy-efficient anonymous multicast algorithm (EEAMA), which relies only on the statistical properties of the wireless network. This not only makes EEAMA suitable to preserving anonymity, but also reduces its execution time significantly. The complexity of EEAMA increases polynomially with the size of the multicast group, as opposed to the size of the network which determines the complexity of all approaches in the literature. Extensive simulation results show that compared to anonymous unicast, EEAMA offers both better performance (in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and network throughput) and significant energy savings.
Experiments in spatial mobile audio-conferencing
Authors: Shaleen Deo, Mark Billinghurst, Nathan Adams, Juha Lehikoinen
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

With improvements in digital cellular networks, and greater pervasiveness of wireless communication, mobiles phones begin to support multi-party calling. Due to hardware limitations in current models, speakers are presented in a single audio stream, causing confusion and decipherability issues. The case for using spatialised audio is strong from other domains, and here we present an interaction approach to realising spatialised audio for multi-party calls in mobile contexts using motion-tracking. Our study suggests that phone tracking is a viable option for orienting to speakers in virtual spatial audio environments on mobile devices.
High-speed fabrication of large-area nanostructured optical devices
Authors: Kazuma Kurihara, Takashi Nakano, Hirofumi Ikeya, Mashiko Ujiie, Junji Tominaga
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

We fabricated a large-area nanostructured optical device by thermal lithography. This approach enables fabrication to be performed at a high speed of over 6m/s and with a high resolution of less than 100nm. By using this lithographic technique, it was possible to manufacture an antireflective optical device with an area of 32.3cm^2. The reflective index was decreased from 6% to 1%. We conclude that the thermal lithography approach has the potential to permit manufacture of large-scale nanostructured optical devices.
Identifying Personalized Context-Aware Knowledge Structure for Individual User in Ubiquitous Learning Environment
Authors: Stis Wu, Alex Chang, Maiga Chang, Tzu-Chien Liu, Jia-Sheng Heh
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Wireless, Mobile, and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2008)

Ubiquitous learning extends e-learning from indoor to outdoor but also overcomes the weakness of mobile learning which only provides the specific domain knowledge to learners in particular learning environment. A ubiquitous learning environment covers the knowledge of different domains, hence, how to offer individual learner the learning sequence according to the learner’s preference is an important issue. In order to solve the research issue, this paper first builds a context-awareness knowledge structure to store the different domain knowledge in a ubiquitous learning environment. After that, with pre-built stories and learning objects’ characteristics, the system can aware of what domain knowledge learners are interesting with. Several exhibition rooms and artifacts in museum are used to demonstrate the idea of this research.
A Forward-Secure Signature with Backward-Secure Detection
Authors: D. J. Guan, Dai-Rui Lin, Chih-I Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the security of Abdalla and Reyzin's forward-secure signature scheme, by producing a backward-secure detection. In the proposed scheme, we embedded the hash-chain into the forward-secure signature scheme. It achieves not only forward-security, but also backward-security for the digital signature.
Fabrication of Microfluidic Pump Using Conducting Polymer Actuator
Authors: Jung Ho Kim, King Tong Lau, Dermot Diamond
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

In this paper, we present a low-power microfluidic pump based on polypyrrole-actuator. This polymeric microfluidic pump is fabricated with polypyrrole modified poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane encased into a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) structure. The pumping action is induced by electro-chemically actuating the PPy-PDMS membrane while check valves at the inlet and outlet control the flow direction in the respective pump phases. This pump is self-priming. Accurate control of the output flow rate can be obtained by changing the actuation frequency. With this pump, a maximum pumping rate of 52 μL/min was achieved using an input power of 55mW operated at ±1.5 volt.
Secure authentication in heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Arjan Durresi, Mimoza Durresi, Leonard Barolli
Venue: Mobile Information Systems (2008)

The convergence of cellular and IP technologies has pushed the integration of 3G and WLAN networks to the forefront. Gaining secure access to 3G services from 802.11 WLANs is a primary challenge for this new integrated wireless technology. Successful execution of 3G security algorithms can be limited to a specified area by encrypting a user's authentication challenge with spatial data defining his visited WLAN. With limited capacity to determine a user's location only to within a current cell and restrictions on accessing users' location due to privacy, 3G operators must rely on spatial data sent from visited WLANs to implement spatial authentication control. A potential risk is presented to 3G operators since no prior relationship or trust may exist with a WLAN owner. Algorithms to quantify the trust between all parties of 3G-WLAN integrated networks are presented to further secure user authentication. Ad-hoc serving networks and the trust relationships established between mobile users are explored to define stronger algorithms for 3G - WLAN user authentication.
An efficient conjugate direction method with orthogonalization for large-scale quadratic optimization problems
Authors: Edouard R. Boudinov, Arkadiy I. Manevich
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2007)

A new conjugate direction (CD) method is proposed, which is based on an orthogonalization procedure and does not make use of line searches for the conjugate vector set construction. This procedure prevents the set of conjugate vectors from degeneracy and eliminates high sensitivity to computation errors pertinent to methods of CDs, resulting in an efficient algorithm for solving large-scale ill-conditioned minimization problems without preconditioning. The advantages of our algorithms are illustrated by results of the extensive numerical experiments with large-scale quadratic functions.
Framework testing of web applications using TTCN-3
Authors: Bernard Stepien, Liam Peyton, Pulei Xiong
Venue: International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) (2008)

Functional testing of web applications has become increasingly complex. Browser-based interfaces incorporate rich, client-side scripting that is increasingly independent of server-side application logic. At the same time, the server side application logic interacts with reusable components for key elements (security, shopping cart, product catalog, order processing) within the framework of a component-based architecture, using beans and web services. In this paper, we illustrate how a test specification approach using a language like TTCN-3 can be used to define test cases at different levels of abstraction that are more robust in the face of volatile presentation and implementation details. A case study of a shopping cart scenario with order processing is used as an illustration. Features of TTCN-3 are demonstrated, including a powerful matching mechanism that allows a separation between behavior and the conditions governing behavior. As well, TTCN-3&#x2019;s data types and set-based operations allow one to track and verify the information management done by a web application, independent of implementation details. These features allow a tester to take a systematic approach to testing web applications but requires more sophistication and skills. The advantages and challenges of a test specification approach are characterized in comparison to approaches based on unit testing and test automation tools.
A Core Migration Method to Minimize Inter-Destination Delay Variation
Authors: Wu-Hong Tsai, Yuan-Sun Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

To maintain the quality of multicast tree in supporting dynamic membership is critical important for the tree receivers. We propose an integrated approach that combines core migration with local search to afford the receivers a consistent quality service. The main ideas are always to migrate the core to the topological center of multicast tree within limited overhead and to provide multiple routes via local search for a new receiver to meet its quality requirements. Our algorithm aims to meet a predefined upper bound delay along path to individual receiver and satisfy the constraint of inter-destination delay variation among all receivers. In simulation results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm approximately provides the cost saving of 10%, the maximum delays of 25% and the inter-destination delay variation of 12%, compared to the existing approaches.