ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
One-and-a-Halfth Order Terms: Curry-Howard and Incomplete Derivations
Authors: Murdoch J. Gabbay, Dominic P. Mulligan
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (2008)

The Curry-Howard correspondence connects Natural Deduction derivation with the lambda-calculus. Predicates are types, derivations are terms. This supports reasoning from assumptions to conclusions, but we may want to reason `backwards' from the desired conclusion towards the assumptions. At intermediate stages we may have an `incomplete derivation', with `holes'.This is natural in informal practice; the challenge is to formalise it. To this end we use a one-and-a-halfth order technique based on nominal terms, with two levels of variable. Predicates are types, derivations are terms -- and the two levels of variable are respectively the assumptions and the `holes' of an incomplete derivation.
Infinite reload options: Pricing and analysis
Authors: A. C. Bélanger, P. A. Forsyth
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

Infinite reload options allow the user to exercise his reload right as often as he chooses during the lifetime of the contract. Each time a reload occurs, the owner receives new options where the strike price is set to the current stock price. We consider a modified version of the infinite reload option contract where the strike price of the new options received by the owner is increased by a certain percentage; we refer to this new contract as an increased reload option. The pricing problem for this modified contract is characterized as an impulse control problem resulting in a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We use fully implicit timestepping and prove that the discretized equations are monotone, stable and consistent, implying convergence to the viscosity solution. We also derive a globally convergent iterative method for solving the non-linear discrete equations. Numerical examples show that both the exercise policy and the option value are very sensitive to the percentage increase in the reload strike.
Growth of a class of plurisubharmonic function in a unit Polydisc I
Authors: Amritasu Sinha
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on International Conference on Automation and Information (2008)

The Growth of a non- constant analytic function of several complex variables is a very classical concept, but for a finite domain it is a recent concept initiated by Juneja and Kapoor[1], and later on substantiated by Sinha[2]. A Unit Polydisc is the most fundamental example of a Compact Riemann Surface, there is an upsurge in the area as being reflected in[4,5]. This is a very important concept and its applications can also be seen in Complex Analytical Dynamics. However in this present article we shall be concentrating on the growth parameter "type" for such functions and also describe its Geometrical Properties. We have investigated upon some finer results on the growth of slowly varying functions. The above concept of Growth can also be utilized in Computer aided Tomography[7].
A Three-Dimensional Map to Outline Multimedia Path: Representing and Memorizing Heritage and Architectural Information
Authors: Sandro Varano, Didier Bur, Jean-Claude Bignon
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Fifth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2008)

This article approaches, in a sensitive way, cartography and video games to show that spatial perception and visualization are subjective and are reinforced by some media. By materializing the mental map described by Patricia Marks Greenfield, our proposal allows the learner to outline his path and thus his three-dimensional map. Thus, this map helps the learner in the understanding of archaeological and architectural heritage, by facilitating the representation of information and by increasing its memorization.
When Does Quasi-random Work?
Authors: Olivier Teytaud
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN X (2008)

[10,22] presented various ways for introducing quasi-random numbers or derandomization in evolution strategies, with in some cases some spectacular claims on the fact that the proposed technique was always and for all criteria better than standard mutations. We here focus on the quasi-random trick and see to which extent this technique is efficient, by an in-depth analysis including convergence rates, local minima, plateaus, non-asymptotic behavior and noise. We conclude to the very stable, efficient and straightforward applicability of quasi-random numbers in continuous evolutionary algorithms.
A Density Functional Theory Study of Oxygen Adsorption at Silver Surfaces: Implications for Nanotoxicity
Authors: Brahim Akdim, Saber Hussain, Ruth Pachter
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2008)

The formation of superoxide at Ag(100) and Ag(111) surfaces for cluster and periodic slab models is studied by applying first-principles density functional theory calculations, including ab-initio molecular dynamics. Adsorption energies and structural parameters are discussed in detail. Charge transfer analyses indicate that O2- preferentially forms on clusters, particularly at an Ag(100) surface.
Role of e-Government in Europe's Future
Authors: Staff
Venue: I-WAYS - The Journal of E-Government Policy and Regulation (2005)

The European Council and Commission have recognized the centrality of e-Government to Europe's future and designed strategies and operational programs for more than 5 years. Authorities clearly recognized in the Lisbon strategy that Europe's public sector was at a crossroads, facing challenging economic and social conditions, institutional change and the profound impact of new technologies. However, within the public sector, administrations face challenges to improving efficiency, productivity and quality of their services within limited budgets. Major challenges have been reduction of barriers to the internal market for services and mobility across Europe, effective implementation of national policies and regional or local government. The eEurope 2005 Action Plan and Ministerial declaration confirmed commitments to making e-Government a reality in Europe. An output of Commission initiatives following the adoption of the Action Plan was a Communication that analyzes the current state of play in e-Government, identifies key issues and barriers and presents a coherent set of actions that reinforce e-Government within the eEurope 2005 context. The Communication from the Commission to the Council on the Role of e-Government for Europe's Future (COM(2003)567 final) reflects progress on a number of implementation initiatives that are designed to achieve eEurope 2005. Excerpts from this document published in this In-Focus article provide a number of websites and other source materials that can be important resources for government planners and researchers. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Energy and Performance Evaluation of an FPGA-Based SoC Platform with AES and PRESENT Coprocessors
Authors: Xu Guo, Zhimin Chen, Patrick Schaumont
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international workshop on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (2008)

Hardware implementations of block ciphers have been intensively evaluated for years. The hardware profile, including the performance, area and power of a block cipher, only considers the block cipher as a standalone component, and does not consider it as a coprocessor in a system design. In this paper we consider system integration of AES and PRESENT crypto coprocessors, and analyze the system profile in a co-simulation environment and then on an actual FPGA-based SoC platform. Energy, performance and implementation results for both the AES- and PRESENT-based systems are presented. Our research emphasizes the need to consider energy efficiency and performance at system-level when evaluating a block cipher for real embedded systems. Simulation results reveal that the hardware/software interfaces, as the communication bottleneck, have major impact on the system performance. Experimental results further demonstrate that the PRESENT, a power-efficient light-weight block cipher with lower security level, becomes less energy-efficient than AES when system-integration overhead is included.
Evolvable Hardware Architectures and Their Role in Fault Tolerant Computational Systems
Authors: Andy Tyrrell
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part I (2008)

Biological inspiration in the design of computing machines finds its source in essentially three biological models: phylogenesis, the history of the evolution of the species, ontogenesis, the development of an individual as directed by his genetic code, and epigenesis, the development of an individual through learning processes influenced both by their genetic code and by the environment. These three models share a common basis: a one-dimensional description of the organism, the genome. If one would like to implement some or all of these ideas in hardware can we use COTS or do we need specifically designed-for-purpose devices? This talk will consider some historical work on bio-inspired architectures before moving on to consider a new device designed and built specifically for bio-inspired work. It will consider some of the novel features present in this device, such as self-configuration and dynamic routing, which assist the implementation of ontogenetic capabilities such as development, self-repair and self-replication.
Boosting the Immune System
Authors: Chris Mcewan, Emma Hart, Ben Paechter
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial Immune Systems (2008)

Much of contemporary research in Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) has partitioned into either algorithmic machine learning and optimisation, or modelling biologically plausible dynamical systems, with little overlap between. Although the balance is latterly beginning to be redressed (e.g. [18]), we propose that this dichotomy is somewhat to blame for the lack of significant advancement of the field in either direction. This paper outlines how an inappropriate interpretation of Perelson's shape-space formalism has largely contributed to this dichotomy, as it neither scales to machine-learning requirements nor makes any operational distinction between signals and context.We illustrate these issues and attempt to derive both a more biologically plausible and statistically solid foundation for an online, unsupervised artificial immune system. By extending a mathematical model of immunological tolerance, and grounding it in contemporary machine learning, we minimise any recourse to "reasoning by metaphor" and demonstrate one view of how both research agendas might still complement each other.
Detecting Click Fraud in Pay-Per-Click Streams of Online Advertising Networks
Authors: Linfeng Zhang, Yong Guan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2008)

With the rapid growth of the Internet, online advertisement plays a more and more important role in the advertising market. One of the current and widely used revenue models for online advertising involves charging for each click based on the popularity of keywords and the number of competing advertisers. This pay-per-click model leaves room for individuals or rival companies to generate false clicks (i.e., click fraud), which pose serious problems to the development of healthy online advertising market. To detect click fraud, an important issue is to detect duplicate clicks over decaying window models, such as jumping windows and sliding windows. Decaying window models can be very helpful in defining and determining click fraud. However, although there are available algorithms to detect duplicates, there is still a lack of practical and effective solutions to detect click fraud in pay-per-click streams over decaying window models. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting duplicate clicks in pay-per-click streams over jumping windows and sliding windows, and are the first that propose two innovative algorithms that make only one pass over click streams and require significantly less memory space and operations. GBF algorithm is built on group Bloom filters which can process click streams over jumping windows with small number of sub-windows, while TBF algorithm is based on a new data structure called timing Bloom filter that detects click fraud over sliding windows and jumping windows with large number of sub-windows. Both GBF algorithm and TBF algorithm have zero false negative. Furthermore, both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our algorithms can achieve low false positive rate when detecting duplicate clicks in pay-per-click streams over jumping windows and sliding windows.
Ontology-Driven Semantic Ranking for Natural Language Disambiguation in the OntoNL Framework
Authors: Anastasia Karanastasi, Stavros Christodoulakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications (2007)

The measurement of the semantic relatedness has many applications in natural language processing, and many different measures have been proposed. Most of these measures use WordNet as their central resource and not domain ontologies of a particular context. We propose and evaluate a semantic relatedness measure for OWL domain ontologies that concludes to the semantic ranking of ontological, grammatically-related structures. This procedure is used to disambiguate in a particular domain of context and represent in an ontology query language, natural language expressions. The ontology query language that we use is the SPARQL. The construction of the queries is automated and also dependent on the semantic relatedness measurement of ontology concepts. The methodology has been successfully integrated into the OntoNL Framework, a natural language interface generator for knowledge repositories. The experimentations show a good performance in a number of OWL ontologies.
Wireless optical feeder system with optical power supply
Authors: Nobuo Nakajima, Naohiro Yokota
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, Wireless and Optical (2008)

Base stations of the cellular system increase according to the increase of subscribers and transmission bit rate. Most of the places suitable for the base station were occupied by the existing systems. Therefore, sometimes, new base station must be installed at the places where power supply or transmission cable is not available. The proposed feeder system is applicable for such case. The RF signals are fed to the repeater through the air by optical beams. And electrical power is fed by the optical beam, too. This paper describes the design principle and experimental results of the proposed system. By using 4 cm diameter optical beams for RF transmission and 26cm diameter beam for power transmission, available forward link RF power at the repeater station is 10mW in the case that the distance between the base station and the repeater station is 40 m. If 48 cm diameter reflector is used for power transmission, 100 mW RF power will be available for the forward link.
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks, 1 edition
Authors: Yang Xiao
Venue:  (2009)

Underwater Communications Solutions Investigating fundamental aspects of underwater acoustic communications, this volume discusses different architectures for two- and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks and details the characteristics of the underwater channel. The main challenges with the development of efficient underwater networking solutions are discussed, and a cross-lawyer approach to the integration of all communication functionalities is suggested. Specifically, the author introduces a realistic acoustic model characterized by channel utilization efficiency. This model enables proper setting of the optimal packet size for underwater communications. Efficient distributed routing algorithms for delay-insensitive and delay-sensitive applications are also reviewed.
Crime Scene Investigators: The Next Generation
Authors: Robert J. Campbell
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2003)

Reviewed In This Issue: George Mohay et al., Computer and Intrusion Forensics, Artech House Computer Security Series, 2003, ISBN 1-58053-369-8, 395 pages, US$79 The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Designing a performance measurement system for the research activities: A reference framework and an empirical study
Authors: Vittorio Chiesa, Federico Frattini, Valentina Lazzarotti, Raffaella Manzini
Venue: Journal of Engineering and Technology Management (2008)

Designing a performance measurement system (PMS) for R&D activities is a very critical but challenging task for supporting decision making and people motivation. Therefore, the subject is widely discussed in literature, but the use of a PMS for R&D is still uncommon among companies. The paper aims at making a step further in the field, elaborating a reference framework that describes the logical steps for the definition of a PMS for R&D. Moreover, the problem of designing an effective PMS is in-depth studied in a real context, a biotech company that operates in the field of pharmaceutical research.
Computerized Scheme for Focal Asymmetric Densities on Mammograms by Use of Geometric and Texture Analyses
Authors: Shinsuke Katsuhara, Hitoshi Futamura, Satoshi Kasai, Takako Morita, Tokiko Endo
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Digital Mammography (2008)

A focal asymmetric density (FAD), chiefly identified by comparing left breast and right breast mammograms, is a common finding related to breast cancers detected in mammograms. In our database, 18.4% of cases with any findings were identified as FADs. It is often difficult for radiologists to distinguish FADs from specific conditions of glandular tissue, and FADs are the second most frequently missed or misinterpreted reason for cases with interval cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a computerized method for detection of FADs in mammograms in order to assist earlier diagnoses of FADs by radiologists. Our computerized method for detection of FAD is based on geometric and texture analyses, and consisted of eight steps. Sixty-four images (32 FAD images and 32 normal images) were used for training and testing an artificial neural network (ANN) which distinguishes FADs from normal tissues. The performance of our computerized method was evaluated by a round-robin test. 84.4% of images with FAD (27/32) were correctly detected by the computerized method at 0.56 false positives per image. Our preliminary results show that the automated computerized scheme for detecting FAD on mammograms has the potential to assist radiologists in detecting FAD.
A Database for Arabic Printed Character Recognition
Authors: Ashraf Abdelraouf, Colin A Higgins, Mahmoud Khalil
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (2008)

Electronic Document Management (EDM) technology is being widely adopted as it makes for the efficient routing and retrieval of documents. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is an important front end for such technology. Excellent OCR now exists for Latin based languages, but there are few systems that read Arabic, which limits the penetration of EDM into Arabic-speaking countries. In developing an OCR system for Arabic it is necessary to create a database of Arabic words. Such a database has many uses as well as in training and testing a recognition system. This paper provides a comprehensive study and analysis of Arabic words and explains how such a database was constructed. Unlike earlier studies, this paper describes a database developed using a large number of collected Arabic words (6 million). It also considers connected segments or Pieces of Arabic Words (PAWs) as well as Naked Pieces of Arabic Word (NPAWs); PAWS without diacritics. Background information concerning the Arabic language is also presented.
Quantitative Model-Checking of One-Clock Timed Automata under Probabilistic Semantics
Authors: Nathalie Bertrand, Patricia Bouyer, Thomas Brihaye, Nicolas Markey
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Fifth International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (2008)

In [BBBBG08] a probabilistic semantics for timed automata has been defined in order to rule out unlikely (sequences of) events. The qualitative model-checking problem for LTL properties has been investigated, where the aim is to check whether a given LTL property holds with probability 1 in a timed automaton, and solved for the class of single-clock timed automata. In this paper, we consider the quantitative model-checking problem for omega-regular properties: we aim at computing the exact probability that a given timed automaton satisfies an omega-regular property. We develop a framework in which we can compute a closed-form expression for this probability; we furthermore give an approximation algorithm,and finally prove that we can decide the threshold problem in that framework.
Improvements in Recall and Precision in Wolters Kluwer Spain Legal Search Engine
Authors: Angel Sancho Ferrer, Jose Manuel Mateo Rivero, Alejandro Mesas García
Venue: Computable Models of the Law: Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies (2008)

In this paper we describe the search technology in production in Wolters Kluwer Spain for the legal research market. This technology improves the "Google like" experience by increasing both the total number of retrieved documents (recall) and the quality of the very best ones (precision) while maintaining the ease of entering a natural language query. We propose a hybrid approach, both in the working methodology and in the codification of the legal knowledge -subject matter expert and librarian-, through new layers of semantic analysis and algorithms. We improve the traditional tf-idf vector space model by creating a mixed document indexing schema of terms and concepts as well as a proprietary ranking algorithm trained by a hybrid genetic algorithm. These calculations also improve the quality of keyword-in-context.
Factors influencing the evolution of electronic commerce: an empirical analysis in a developed market economy
Authors: Inma Rodríguez-Ardura, Antoni Meseguer-Artola, Jordi Vilaseca-Requena
Venue: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (2008)

This paper tries to explain the temporal evolution of electronic commerce in a developed country. For this purpose, we evaluate the contribution of the size of the potential market represented by the community of Internet users to the development of electronic commerce, as well as of other determinant factors. The validation carried out, for the whole Spanish market and over a period of seven years, reveals the existence of a critical threshold of online consumers that, once surpassed, supposes a change in the growth trend of electronic commerce. Likewise, we verify that broadband technology diffusion, the definition of a legal framework of consumer protection, and the design of a value proposition perceived as "secure", also influence the development of electronic commerce. We also confirm the contribution of firms' differentiation strategies to the development of electronic commerce, to the detriment of those based on price leadership. Finally, it seems that possession of a computer is no longer an indicator of access barriers.