ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Source and environmental parameter estimation using electromagnetic matched field processing
Authors: P. Gerstoft
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

Modern signal and array processing methods now incorporate the physics of wave propagation as an integral part of the processing. Matched field processing (MFP) refers to signal and array processing techniques in which, rather than a plane wave arrival model, complex-valued (amplitude and phase) field predictions for propagating signals are used. Matched field processing has been successfully applied in ocean acoustics and electromagnetics. In this paper, source localization performance via MFP is examined in the electromagnetics domain. Specifically, the impact of uncertainty in the a priori knowledge of the underlying physical parameters, atmospheric refractivity vs. height, on source localization performance is examined.
Multi-section course management using 3D spreadsheet tools
Authors: J. R. Mountain
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

The paper describes a spreadsheet based method to assess and influence the grading uniformity of graduate teaching assistants in multi-section courses with large enrollments. The method developed is based on a common-use grade spreadsheet issued to the teaching assistants. Its features include the option to drop low-score items from grade determination, the application of curve factors, the determination of averages and standard deviations for all course activity items, and diagnostic fields to indicate missing data. The most important strategy of the method is to periodically merge the individual grade-record spreadsheets into a three-dimensional spreadsheet developed for the course coordinator. This technique has the advantage of permitting continual assessment of grading timeliness, grading uniformity, and instructional effectiveness across all sections. As a result, feedback and guidance involving these issues can be provided to the graduate teaching assistants in a timely and efficient manner which directly benefits currently enrolled students. Extensions of the method to other instructional areas are cited.
Measurement and analysis of a streaming-media workload
Authors: Maureen Chesire, Alec Wolman, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Henry M. Levy
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3 (2001)

The increasing availability of continuous-media data is provoking a significant change in Internet workloads. For example, video from news, sports, and entertainment sites, and audio from Internet broadcast radio, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks, are becoming commonplace. Compared with traditional Web workloads, multimedia objects can require significantly more storage and transmission bandwidth. As a result, performance optimizations such as streaming-media proxy caches and multicast delivery are attractive for minimizing the impact of streaming-media workloads on the Internet. However, because few studies of streaming-media workloads exist, the extent to which such mechanisms will improve performance is unclear. This paper (1) presents and analyzes a client-based streaming-media workload generated by a large organization, (2) compares media workload characteristics to traditional Web-object workloads, and (3) explores the effectiveness of performance optimizations on streaming-media workloads. To perform the study, we collected traces of streaming-media sessions initiated by clients from a large university to servers in the Internet. In the week-long trace used for this paper, we monitored and analyzed RTSP sessions from 4,786 clients accessing 23,738 distinct streaming-media objects from 866 servers. Our analysis of this trace provides a detailed characterization of streaming-media for this workload.
Audio compression at low bit rates using a signal adaptive switched filterbank
Authors: D. Sinha
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

A perceptual audio coder typically consists of a filter-bank which breaks the signal into its frequency components. These components are then quantized using a perceptual masking model. Previous efforts have indicated that a high resolution filter-bank, e.g., the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) with 1024 subbands, is able to minimize the bit rate requirements for most of the music samples. The high resolution MDCT, however, is not suitable for the encoding of non-stationary segments of music. A long/short resolution or "window" switching scheme has been employed to overcome this problem but it has certain inherent disadvantages which become prominent at lower bit rates (
An Automatic Target Classifier using Model Based Image Processing
Authors: Douglas Haanpaa, Glenn Beach, Charles J. Cohen
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

A primary mission of air assets is to detect and destroy enemy ground targets. In order to accomplish this mission, it is essential to detect, track, and classify contacts to determine which are valid targets. Traditional combat identification has been performed using all-weather sensors and processing algorithms designed specifically for such sensor data. Electrooptical (EO) sensors produce a very different type of data that does not lend itself to traditional combat identification algorithms. This paper will detail how we analyzed the visual and physical characteristics of a large number of potential targets. The results of this analysis were used to drive the requirements of a demonstration system. We will detail the test data we collected from the military and CAD models for likely targets, as well as overall requirements for system performance.
Systemic reform in undergraduate engineering education: the role of collective responsibility
Authors: P. D. Fisher
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

Traditionally, members of a department faculty value their autonomy. But their home department has a set of collective responsibilities involving other departments in the college, the university, and external constituent groups. Consider the following scenario. In a certain department faculty are judged individually to be very well qualified. Each person's academic and other scholarly achievements can clearly be documented as meritorious. However, the collective activities and achievements of these individuals fall measurably short of their department's collective responsibilities. More specifically, an individual might bring highly innovative concepts into an existing engineering course that are highly valued by external funding agencies, by peer institutions, and by the employers of the department's graduates. Yet these innovations are lost once this person is no longer the course instructor. This paper examines the relationships among faculty autonomy, the collective responsibility of the department faculty, and systemic reform in undergraduate engineering education.
What students say about learning physics, math, and engineering
Authors: A. McKenna
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (2000)

Faculty from the mathematics, physics, and engineering departments at the University of California have collaborated over the past three years to restructure first year and lower division courses. Specific courses have been restructured in order to improve students' integrative understanding of calculus and the physical sciences, and their applications to engineering. The purpose of this project is to examine the impact that the reforms had on student learning, as well as to gain insight into students' experiences during their undergraduate engineering career. One-on-one interviews with engineering students have been conducted in order to identify and understand differences, if any, between the "traditionally" taught physics and calculus courses and the "reformed" courses.
Confidence, trust and identity
Authors: P. Cofta
Venue: BT Technology Journal (2007)

Confidence (specifically trust) is one of the fundamental elements of relationships between people as well as between people and technology. It is, coincidentally, also one of the less understood ones. The identity of partners in a relationship has been taken for granted, but technology has created new challenges to such casual perception of identity. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate anew the relationship between confidence and identity, to establish the new role of technology in this area. Specifically, convergent communication is in a good position to benefit from the redrafting of both constructs, provided that their relationship is properly identified.
Achieving Self-Management via Utility Functions
Authors: Jeffrey O. Kephart, Rajarshi Das
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2007)

Self-management in accordance with high-level objectives that users can specify is a hallmark of autonomic computing systems. The authors advocate utility functions as a principled, practical, and general way of representing such objectives. In an effort to bring the promise of utility-based frameworks to the marketplace, they describe how they've implemented them in two commercial products to achieve efficient resource allocation in a prototype data center. They also address several challenges to commercialization stemming from the need to reconcile the two products' fundamentally different types of objectives.
Primal-dual approximation algorithms for the Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree Problem
Authors: Paulo Feofiloff, Cristina G. Fernandes, Carlos E. Ferreira, José Coelho de Pina
Venue: Information Processing Letters (2007)

The primal-dual scheme has been used to provide approximation algorithms for many problems. Goemans and Williamson gave a (2-1/(n-1))-approximation for the Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree Problem that runs in O(n^3logn) time-it applies the primal-dual scheme once for each of the n vertices of the graph. We present a primal-dual algorithm that runs in O(n^2logn), as it applies this scheme only once, and achieves the slightly better ratio of (2-2/n). We also show a tight example for the analysis of the algorithm and discuss briefly a couple of other algorithms described in the literature.
Generic policy decision function framework: Research Articles
Authors: Dalton Li, Andrew Guo, Brian Huang
Venue: Bell Labs Technical Journal (2007)

This paper proposes an abstracted interface between the policy decision function (PDF) and the policy enforcement point (PEP), and a generic, scalable PDF framework with a generic PDF state machine. This PDF framework is compatible with all related standards and offers the potential for rapid prototyping and accelerated product development in next- generation networks. &copy; 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Statistical analysis of the single-layer backpropagation algorithm with bias terms: mean weight behavior
Authors: N. J. Bershad
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

This paper analyzes the perceptron mean weight learning behavior for a system identification model with Gaussian input training data and fixed non zero biases for both the perceptron and the unknown system. The analysis is based upon the partial evaluation of certain expectations using Price's (1958) theorem followed by numerical integration in the mean weight recursions. The mean weight vector is shown to be in the same direction as that of the unknown system. A scalar recursion is derived for the length of the mean weights. The recursion is shown to yield weight vector predictions that are in close agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the perceptron learning behavior. The stationary points are also accurately predicted by the theoretical model.
Empirical and statistical analysis of risk analysis-driven techniques for threat management
Authors: Koen Buyens, Bart De Win, Wouter Joosen
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

One of the challenges of secure software construction (and maintenance) is to get control over the multitude of threats in order to focus mitigation efforts on the most relevant ones. Risk analysis is one class of techniques for achieving threat reduction, but few studies are available that evaluate the quality of these techniques. In this paper, a selected set of risk analysis techniques have been evaluated and compared based on a realistic case study. The foundations for this analysis were threefold: we defined a set of high-level criteria, we compared the results of the different methods and we used statistical analysis techniques for studying additional characteristics. This analysis was performed on an independently developed case study of a significant size. For this experiment, the benefits of applying of these methods were limited for the categorization and the reduction of threats. Therefore, we also suggest ways to improve or complement these methods.
The 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Conference Proceedings
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

We investigate the interactions of front-end feature extraction and back-end classification techniques in HMM based speech recognizer. This work concentrates on finding the optimal linear transformation of Mel-warped short-time DFT information according to the minimum classification error criterion. These transformations, along with the HMM parameters, are automatically trained using the gradient descent method to minimize a measure of overall empirical error count. The discriminatively derived state-dependent transformations on the DFT data are then combined with their first time derivatives to produce a basic feature set. Experimental results show that Mel-warped DFT features, subject to appropriate transformation in a state-dependent manner, are more effective than the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients that have dominated current speech recognition technology. The best error rate reduction of 9% is obtained using the new model, tested on a TIMIT phone classification task, relative to conventional HMM.
How do students grade their learning?
Authors: W. K. LeBold, D. D. Budny, S. K. Ward
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 vol 1. - Volume 01 (1995)

For the past two decades, Purdue University has been using student self-reports to provide information that has proved to be invaluable in educational planning and development. These critical student inputs are used to help place students in beginning courses, to identify high-risk and honors students, to evaluate the quality of courses, services and resources, to initiate and evaluate existing and new programs, and to help students make career decisions. The paper discusses the use of self-reports of beginning students using the Mathematics Science Inventory (MSI). The MSI has 100 mathematics items organized into six mathematics sub-scales and 50 chemistry items organized into five chemistry sub-scales. All of the MSI scales have very high reliability and differential validity. Use of student self-reports in placement and in evaluating achievement and their relationships to high school and college grades and test scores are also examined. The MSI was completed by over 1500 first year Purdue Engineering students at the beginning of their first academic year MSI data was part of the statistical procedures used to place beginning students in mathematics and chemistry courses. A representative sample of 250 students were re-administered the MSI at the end of the first semester Significant achievement gains were observed in all of the MSI scales. The differential validity of the MSI scales were also documented. Students in the remedial courses had post-test scores similar to the pre-test scores of students in the regular courses. Students in the regular courses had post-test scores similar to students in the advanced courses. Students in the advanced courses also showed significant pre/post test mean score gains.
Cooperative education in South Australia
Authors: K. J. McDermott
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Cooperative education in engineering has long been seen as forging a tripartite partnership between the university, the employers and the student, principally with an aim of producing work-ready graduates. This paper reflects on a number of modes of cooperative education implemented in South Australia, and evaluates these against theoretical considerations by scrutiny of their objectives, assessment criteria and practices, using feedback from students, employers and academics.
Performance Analysis of Web Service Replica Selection in an Extranet
Authors: Partheeban Chandrasekaran, Shikharesh Majumdar, Chung-Horng Lung, Laura Serghi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research (2007)

Providing web service replicas improves the overall system performance and redundancy for hardware failures. In Business-to-Business, this may be particularly interesting for organizations in an extranet. In our previous work, we proposed a broker to perform the web service replica selection. Furthermore we investigated a replica selection algorithm called minU and performed a preliminary analysis comparing random replica selection algorithm in a simple 4-node ring topology. In this paper we present a detailed performance analysis of minU and the factors affecting its performance under a larger 11- node network. The factors are weight given to most recent utility value (p), weight given to communication delay (a) and replica placement to name a few. Results show that the response time achieved using the minU replica selection policy greatly depends on these factors and also on the topology used. For instance, as the weight given to the most recent utility value is increased, the response time of the web services decreased. In our simulation experiments, choosing a to be 0.3 results in minimum response time.
Java (J2ME) Front-End for Distributed Speech Recognition
Authors: Dmitry Zaykovskiy, Alexander Schmitt
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

In this paper we introduce a heretofore unheard-of implementation of the front-end for distributed speech recognition (DSR) systems using Java Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) framework. The developed floating and fixed point versions of the front-end deliver features conforming the ETSI standard ES 201 108, whereas our J2ME fixed-point front-end provides 25% improvement in word error rate compared to the standard one. The presented results of the extensive experiments with different mobile devices show that feature extraction and compression within real time is possible on today's mobile phones.
Impact of interference on a Bluetooth network in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
Authors: Wang Feng, N. Arumugam, G. Hari Krishna
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

The IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth wireless networks can provide complimentary services and they are likely to be installed within the same environments. Since both networks operate in the same ISM frequency band, the networks will be impaired if the probability of packet collision between the networks is sufficiently large. In this paper, the performance of the Bluetooth medium access control (MAC) layer is quantified when the Bluetooth radio operates in close proximity to other Bluetooth piconets and IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). The packet error rate and aggregated throughput are obtained.
Analyzing commercial processor performance numbers for predicting performance of applications of interest
Authors: Kenneth Hoste, Lieven Eeckhout, Hendrik Blockeel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (2007)

Current practice in benchmarking commercial computer systems is to run a number of industry-standard benchmarks and to report performance numbers. The huge amount of machines and the large number of benchmarks for which performance numbers are published make it hard to observe clear performance trends though. In addition, these performance numbers for specific benchmarks do not provide insight into how applications of interest that are not part of the benchmark suite would perform on those machines. In this work we build a methodology for analyzing published commercial machine performance data sets. We apply statistical data analysis techniques, more in particular principal components analysis and cluster analysis, to reduce the amount of information to a manageable amount to facilitate its understanding. Visualizing SPEC CPU2000 performance numbers for 26 benchmarks and 1000+ machines in just a few graphs gives insight into how commercial machines compare against each other.In this work we build a methodology for analyzing published commercial machine performance data sets. We apply statistical data analysis techniques, more in particular principal components analysis and cluster analysis, to reduce the amount of information to a manageable amount to facilitate its understanding. Visualizing SPEC CPU2000 performance numbers for 26 benchmarks and 1000+ machines in just a few graphs gives insight into how commercial machines compare against each other. In addition, we provide a way of relating inherent program behavior to these performance numbers so that insights can be gained into how the observed performance trends relate to the behavioral characteristics of computer programs. This results in a methodology for the ubiquitous benchmarking problem of predicting performance of an application of interest based on its similarities with the benchmarks in a published industry-standard benchmark suite.
Continuous Space-Time Semantics Allow Adaptive Program Execution
Authors: Jonathan Bachrach, Jacob Beal, Takeshi Fujiwara
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (2007)

A spatial computer is a collection of devices filling space whose ability to interact is strongly dependent on their proximity. Previously, we have showed that programming such a computer as a continuous space can allow selfscaling across computers with different device distributions and can increase robustness against device failure. We have extended these ideas to time, allowing self-scaling across computers with different communication and execution rates. We have used a network of 24 Mica2 Motes to demonstrate that a program exploiting these ideas shows minimal difference in behavior as the time between program steps ranges from 100 ms to 300 ms and on a configuration with mixed rates.
Enriching Literature Reviews with Computer-Assisted Research Mining. Case: Profiling Group Support Systems Research
Authors: Johanna Bragge, Sami Relander, Anne Sunikka, Petri Mannonen
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

In this paper we discuss and demonstrate how traditional literature reviews may be enriched by computer-assisted research profiling. Research profiling makes use of sophisticated text mining tools designed for structured science and technology information resources, such as the ISI Web of Science, INSPEC or ABI/INFORM ProQuest. Besides aiding in summarizing and visualizing knowledge domains, these research mining tools act as interactive Decision Support Systems for researchers. We illustrate research profiling with 2.000 publications on Group Support Systems between years 1982-2005.