ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation Framework for e-Learning Platforms Based on Educational Standard Specifications
Authors: Felix Buendia, Antonio Hervas
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper describes a framework which is based on the use of standard specifications that allow instructors the elaboration of benchmarks to evaluate e-learning platforms. The proposed framework is also based on a Learning Platform Evaluation Model that assumes three main areas of functionality of any learning platform: Content, Interaction, and Management. It has been applied to compare the functionalities of two widespread LMS platforms that support SCORM specifications. The paper includes some evaluation experiences using a benchmark prototype which is implemented by means of a SCORM 1.2 package. These experiences reveal the lack of integration of educational standard specifications into current e-learning platforms, mainly in the Interaction and Management functionality areas.
An Analysis of Efficient Multi-Core Global Power Management Policies: Maximizing Performance for a Given Power Budget
Authors: Canturk Isci, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Chen-Yong Cher, Pradip Bose, Margaret Martonosi
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (2006)

Chip-level power and thermal implications will continue to rule as one of the primary design constraints and performance limiters. The gap between average and peak power actually widens with increased levels of core integration. As such, if per-core control of power levels (modes) is possible, a global power manager should be able to dynamically set the modes suitably. This would be done in tune with the workload characteristics, in order to always maintain a chip-level power that is below the specified budget. Furthermore, this should be possible without significant degradation of chip-level throughput performance. We analyze and validate this concept in detail in this paper. We assume a per-core DVFS (dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) knob to be available to such a conceptual global power manager. We evaluate several different policies for global multi-core power management. In this analysis, we consider various different objectives such as prioritization and optimized throughput. Overall, our results show that in the context of a workload comprised of SPEC benchmark threads, our best architected policies can come within 1% of the performance of an ideal oracle, while meeting a given chip-level power budget. Furthermore, we show that these global dynamic management policies perform significantly better than static management, even if static scheduling is given oracular knowledge.
V-COPS: A Vulnerability-Based Cooperative Alert Distribution System
Authors: Shiping Chen, Dongyu Liu, Songqing Chen, Sushil Jajodia
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2006)

The efficiency of promptly releasing security alerts of established analysis centers has been greatly challenged by the continuous emergence of various large scale network attacks, such as worms. With a limited number of sensors deployed over the Internet and a long attack verification period, when the alert is released by analysis centers, the best time to stop the attack may have passed. On the other hand, (1) most of the past large scale attacks targeted known vulnerabilities, and (2) today numerous Internet systems have integrated detection tools, such as virus detection software and intrusion detection systems (IDS), the power of which could be harnessed to defend against large scale attacks. In this paper, we propose V-COPS -- a vulnerabilitybased cooperative alert distribution system, by leveraging existing independent local attack detection systems. VCOPS is capable of promptly propagating genuine alerts with critical vulnerability information, based on which relevant stakeholders can take preventive actions in time. Extensive analysis and experiments have been performed to study the performance of V-COPS. The preliminary results show V-COPS is effective.
Improvements of TLAESA nearest neighbour search algorithm and extension to approximation search
Authors: Ken Tokoro, Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Sumio Masuda
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48 (2006)

Nearest neighbour (NN) searches and k nearest neighbour (k-NN) searches are widely used in pattern recognition and image retrieval. An NN (k-NN) search finds the closest object (closest k objects) to a query object. Although the definition of the distance between objects depends on applications, its computation is generally complicated and time-consuming. It is therefore important to reduce the number of distance computations. TLAESA (Tree Linear Approximating and Eliminating Search Algorithm) is one of the fastest algorithms for NN searches. This method reduces distance computations by using a branch and bound algorithm. In this paper we improve both the data structure and the search algorithm of TLAESA. The proposed method greatly reduces the number of distance computations. Moreover, we extend the improved method to an approximation search algorithm which ensures the quality of solutions. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and finds an approximate solution with a very low error rate.
Reduced-order controller design for the general Hinfin control problem
Authors: Jianping Zeng, Du Lin, Peng Cheng
Venue: International Journal of Systems Science (2006)

This paper considers reduced-order controller design for the general H∞ control problem. Based on linear matrix inequality (LMI), two new upper bounds of order reduction are proposed in continuous- and discrete-time contexts respectively. The bounds have a clear geometric interpretation and are only determined by the generalized plant parameter matrices. Moreover, the existence conditions of the reduced-order controller have the same forms as the well-known three LMIs, but with fewer dimension matrix variables. In comparison with the previous results, one of the main advantages is that our approach is applicable to general H∞ control. Furthermore, the existing results do not imply our results for singular H∞ control. An illustrative example is given to show the efficiency of our approach.
On unique factorizations of primitive words
Authors: Tero Harju, Dirk Nowotka
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2006)

We give a short proof of a result by Weinbaum [Unique sunwords in nonperiodic words, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 109(3) (1990) 615-619] stating that each primitive word of length at least 2 has a conjugate w' = uv such that both u and v have a unique position in the cyclic word of w. We emphasize the connection of Weinbaum's result to the Critical Factorization Theorem.
Adaptive Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction on Distributed Embedded Systems
Authors: Roozbeh Jafari, Hyduke Noshadi, Soheil Ghiasi, Majid Sarrafzadeh
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2006)

Tiny embedded systems have not been an ideal outfit for high performance computing due to their constrained resources. Limitations in processing power, battery life, communication bandwidth, and memory constrain the applicability of existing complex medical analysis algorithms such as the Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. Among various limitations, battery lifetime has been a major key technological constraint. In this paper, we address the issue of partitioning such a complex algorithm while the energy consumption due to wireless transmission is minimized. ECG analysis algorithms normally consist of preprocessing, pattern recognition, and classification. Considering the orientation of the ECG leads, we devise a technique to perform preprocessing and pattern recognition locally in small embedded systems attached to the leads. The features detected in the pattern recognition phase are considered for the classification. Ideally, if the features detected for each heartbeat reside in a single processing node, the transmission will be unnecessary. Otherwise, to perform classification, the features must be gathered on a local node and, thus, the communication is inevitable. We perform such a feature grouping by modeling the problem as a hypergraph and applying partitioning schemes which yield a significant power saving in wireless communications. Furthermore, we utilize dynamic reconfiguration by software module migration. This technique, with respect to partitioning, enhances the overall power saving in such systems. Moreover, it adaptively alters the system configuration in various environments and on different patients. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques on MIT/BIH benchmarks and, on average, achieve 70 percent energy saving.
On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks
Authors: Kyu-Han Kim, Kang G. Shin
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (2006)

This paper presents a highly efficient and accurate link-quality measurement framework, called EAR (Efficient and Accurate link-quality monitoR), for multi-hop wireless mesh networks, that has several salient features. First, it exploits three complementary measurement schemes: passive, cooperative, and active monitoring. EAR maximizes the measurement accuracy by (i) dynamically and adaptively adopting one of these schemes and (ii) opportunistically exploiting the nicast application traffic present in the network, while minimizing the measurement overhead. Second, EAR effectively identifies the existence of wireless link asymmetry by measuring the quality of each link in both directions of the link, thus improving the utilization of network capacity by up to 114%. Finally, its reliance on both the network layer and the IEEE 802.11-based device driver solutions makes EAR easily deployable in existing multi-hop wireless mesh networks without system recompilation or MAC firmware modification. EAR has been evaluated extensively via both ns-2-based simulation and experimentation on our Linux-based implementation. Both simulation and experimentation results have shown EAR to provide highly accurate link-quality measurements with minimum overhead.
OCP: a distributed real time commit protocol
Authors: Udai Shanker, Manoj Misra, Anil K. Sarje
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Database Conference - Volume 49 (2006)

Most of the existing commit protocols try to improve the system performance by allowing a committing cohort to lend its data to an executing cohort, thus reducing data inaccessibility. However, these protocols block the borrower when it tries to send WORKDONE/PREPARED message (Qin & Liu 2003, Haritsa, Ramamritham & Gupta 2000, Gupta, Haritsa, Ramamritham & Seshadri 1996, Gupta, Haritsa, & Ramamritham 1997), thus increasing the transactions commit time. This paper first analyzes all kind of dependencies that may arise due to data access conflicts in executing-committing transaction when a committing cohort is allowed to lend its data to an executing cohort, and then proposes a static two phase locking based optimistic commit protocol i.e. OCP. In OCP, the execution phase of a cohort is divided into two parts locking phase and processing phase and then, in place of WORKDONE message, WORKSTARTED message is sent just before the start of processing phase of the cohort. Again, in case of dependency, borrower with only commit dependency is allowed to send WORKSTARTED message instead of being blocked. This reduces the time needed for commit processing and is free from cascaded aborts. To ensure non-violation of ACID properties, checking of completion of processing and removal of dependency of cohort are required before sending the Yes-Vote message. The performance of the OCP is also analyzed for partial read-only optimization.
An Improved Technique for Blind Audio Source Separation
Authors: Namgook Cho, Yu Shiu, C.-C. Jay Kuo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

A blind audio source separation technique with an ill-posed mixing matrix and additive noise is proposed in this work. With this technique, we divide the solution into two steps. The first step is to estimate the ill-posed mixing matrix and the second step is to separate original sources. To estimate the ill-posed mixing matrix, an enhanced soft-assignment method is used in the first step. Then, the generalized p-norm optimization method is adopted in the second step, which can yield a solution sparser than the l1-norm minimization technique. Experimental results on synthetic mixtures and real-world mixtures are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique in the presence of an ill-posed mixing matrix and additive noise.
Image Encryption and Decryption Using SCAN Methodology
Authors: Chao-Shen Chen, Rong-Jian Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

This paper proposed an image encryption and decryption process. Its encryption method is based on SCAN patterns generated by the SCAN methodology. The SCAN is a language-based two-dimensional spatial-accessing methodology which can efficiently specify and generate a wide range of scanning paths. Then scanning paths sequence fill in original image. Note that the scanning paths with random code generating procedure, which produces the encryption keys in a very many ways; so come to the quite secret system. This paper presents a brief overview of SCAN, encryption and decryption algorithms, and test results of the methodology.
ATOMI II - Framework for Easy Building of Object-oriented Embedded Systems
Authors: Tero Vallius, Juha Roning
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (2006)

Traditionally, an embedded system design process demands a considerable amount of expertise, time and money. This makes developing embedded systems difficult for many companies, and in research facilities it hinders the testing of new research results with real embedded systems. We have earlier presented an easy and fast embedded system development concept based on embedded objects. The embedded object concept (EOC) utilizes common object-oriented methods used in software by applying them in combined Lego-like software-hardware entities. This concept enables fast prototyping with target hardware, incremental device development and high-level device building for nonexperts. The EOC requires a modularly extendable architecture along with mechanical and technical definitions in order to enable physical and electrical interconnectivity with versatile signaling between embedded objects. This paper presents the Atomi II framework, which is our solution for this need. The framework has been tested and implemented with socalled Atomi objects.
A Service-Oriented Virtual Enterprise Architecture and its Applications in Chinese Tobacco Industrial Sector
Authors: WenAn Tan, JingSong Xue, JinLiang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

This paper introduces the relative concepts of virtual enterprise, and proposes a practical virtual enterprise architecture framework using business, application, and technology layers to realize an adaptive virtual enterprise. It also discusses enterprise business classification, application classification, and the supporting technologies and standards. Based on the proposed framework, after analyzing the requirements of Chinese Tobacco Industrial Contemporary Integration Manufacturing System (CTI-CIMS) and the key issues occurred in the current practical of tobacco industrial information system construction, an enterprise application integration pattern which is useful for inter-enterprise application integration has been proposed for the development of adaptive enterprise information system in tobacco industry. In a case study, this paper presents a contemporary tobacco distribution system to proof the proposed virtual enterprise architecture framework. At last, some experiences of enterprise information system integration in Chinese tobacco industrial sector are introduced.
Reframing the role of Boolean classes in qualitative research from an embodied cognition perspective
Authors: Mitchell J. Nathan, Kristi Jackson
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

The prominent role of Boolean classes in qualitative data analysis software is viewed by some as an encroachment of Logical Positivism on qualitative research methodology. Rather than expressing some transcendent notion of a universal logic of formal entities (e.g., sets) that supercedes our knowable experience, we articulate an embodiment perspective, whereby Boolean classes are conceptual metaphors for apprehending and manipulating data, concepts and categories the same way we perceive and manipulate worldly objects and containers. Drawing on examples from seminal approaches to qualitative methods, we demonstrate how one central aspect of qualitative research practices---the process of coding data---can productively be viewed in terms of collecting and containing concepts and categories in this embodied sense. We discuss the implications of this for coding and for bridging qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry.
Online Discussion Processes: Effects of Earlier Messages' Evaluations, Knowledge Content, Social Cues and Personal Information on Later Messages
Authors: Gao Wei Chen, Ming Ming Chiu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

During online discussions, earlier messages can affect later messages. This study examined how online discussion messages affected one another along five dimensions: (1) evaluations (agreement, disagreement, or unresponsive actions); (2) knowledge content (contribution, repetition, or null content); (3) social cues (positive, negative, or none); (4) personal information (visit number); and (5) elicitation (eliciting response or not). Using sequential logit regressions and a structural equation model (SEM), this study analyzed 131 messages covering seven topics in the math forum of a university Bulletin Board System (BBS) Website. Results showed that, disagreement or contribution in the previous message increased the likelihoods of disagreements and social cue displays in the current message. Messages that disagreed with an earlier message also increased the likelihood of eliciting a subsequent response. Together, these results show how earlier messages may affect later messages during online discussions. These results can help educators understand and facilitate online academic discussions.
Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Using Rough Set Theory
Authors: V. Mary Anita Rajam, V. Uma Maheswari, Arul Siromoney
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

Mobile ad hoc networks are formed dynamically without any infrastructure and each node is responsible for routing information among them. Rough set theory is a mathematical tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty. In this paper a routing protocol for mobile adhoc networks that uses rough set theory is proposed. The performance of the protocol is compared with that of an existing routing protocol.
Modelling and identification of a non-linear saturated magnetic circuit: theoretical study and experimental results
Authors: Sandrine Moreau, Jean-Claude Trigeassou
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2006)

This paper deals with the phenomenon of magnetic saturation in electrical machines. Taking magnetic saturation into account leads to non-linear models which need to develop parameter estimation techniques well adapted. At first, the study concerns an elementary model of saturated iron core coils and the physical parameter estimation of this non-linear model, thanks to a Non-linear Programming algorithm.
Control System of Artificial Chemico-Mechanical Muscle. Medical Robotics Application
Authors: Sergio Diaz Zagal, Bertrand Tondu
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computing (2006)

Currently McKibben's pneumatic muscle shows a great functional analogy to the skeletal muscle. It readily enables to motorize the arms of robots in a closer manner to the human arm than traditional robots. However, the dependence of McKibben's pneumatic muscle with respect to pneumatic source under pressure limits its application to the motorization of arms to fixed station. What is missing with the McKibben's pneumatic muscle is an efficient energy autonomy of the type required in the current project of chemico-mechanical artificial muscle. This present work will focus on an alternative way in which biochemical energy is transformed into osmotic energy and then into mechanical energy by means of a chemico-mechanical muscle. An Application to medical robotics.
MDA-based approach for embedded software generation from a UML/MOF repository
Authors: Francisco A. M. do Nascimento, Marcio F. da S. Oliveira, Marco A. Wehrmeister, Carlos E. Pereira, Flávio R. Wagner
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design (2006)

This work presents a UML/MOF meta-modeling infrastructure, following the MDA approach, which is oriented to the design space exploration of embedded systems, based on the independent specification of application and platform. A mapping from the application into the platform is implemented by model transformations. A meta-data repository implementation is also introduced, automatically providing an Application Programming Interface (API) that is suitable to the manipulation of the UML meta-models and models and to the implementation of design tools for embedded systems. In order to illustrate the applicability of these resources, a source code generation tool for embedded software has been implemented and applied in a concrete case study.
Contextual Design of Mobile Services to Support Knowledge Workers in Library Settings
Authors: Arianit Kurti, Marcelo Milrad, Fredrik Alserin
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

In this paper we report the results of our work exploring the design and implementation of mobile services to support knowledge workers. The purpose of these efforts was to investigate and identify how contextual information extracted from everyday activities can be used to generate the content of a mobile service to be delivered to smart phones. In this particular effort, 10 librarians from Växjö public library participated in this trial during a period of 30 days. Generally, the service we developed integrated very well into the librarians' daily work.
Self-organization of Decentralized Swarm Agents Based on Modified Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Dong H. Kim, Seiichi Shin
Venue: Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (2006)

In this paper, an attempt has been made by incorporating some special features in the conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for decentralized swarm agents. The modified particle swarm algorithm (MPSA) for the self-organization of decentralized swarm agents is proposed and studied. In the MPSA, the update rule of the best agent in swarm is based on a proportional control concept and the objective value of each agent is evaluated on-line. In this scheme, each agent self-organizes to flock to the best agent in swarm and migrate to a moving target while avoiding collision between the agent and the nearest obstacle/agent. To analyze the dynamics of the MPSA, stability analysis is carried out on the basis of the eigenvalue analysis for the time-varying discrete system. Moreover, a guideline about how to tune the MPSA's parameters is proposed. The simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme effectively constructs a self-organized swarm system in the capability of flocking and migration.