ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Flooding Attacks on Network-based Services
Authors: Meiko Jensen, Nils Gruschka, Norbert Luttenberger
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

One of the most severe threats to Internet security are Denial of Service attacks. Intended to annihilate the availability of a network-based service, this kind of attack troubles all service providers. In this paper we focus on a special type of Denial of Service attacks that relies on message flooding techniques, overloading the victim's service with invalid requests. We describe some well-known and some rather new attacks, discuss commonalities and approaches for countermeasures. A main focus of this paper is directed towards Denial of Service attacks on Web Services and Web Service Compositions. We resume these threats by illustrating some possible attacks, and we relate our experimental results to the well-known attack impact of the TCP SYN Flooding attack.
A miniaturized RMS voltage sensor based on a torsional actuator in bulk silicon technology
Authors: Jan Dittmer, Rolf Judaschke, Stephanus Büttgenbach
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

In this paper, we present an advanced RMS voltage sensor based on a torsional actuator using the principle of electrostatic force. The actuator is built using a micromechanical bulk silicon process yielding structures with a low rotational spring constant due to beams with a high length to width ratio. A metal layer provides separated excitation and sensing electrodes. The actuator is mounted on a matching glass substrate with a shallow rectangular cavity in which the opposite electrodes are located and which defines the working distance to be as low as 15@mm. To prevent stiction, a novel wet etched layer provides small sized bumpers. An innovative electrode arrangement gives six independent capacitances for position sensing or electric excitation. Design choices and the micromechanical process are explained in detail and first DC and RF measurement results are presented.
Multi-constraint QoS routing using a new single mixed metrics
Authors: P. Khadivi, S. Samavi, T. D. Todd
Venue: Journal of Network and Computer Applications (2008)

Multi-constraint quality-of-service (QoS) routing has become increasingly important as the Internet evolves to support real-time services. It is well known, however, that optimum multi-constraint QoS routing is computationally complex, and for this reason various heuristics have been proposed for routing in practical situations. Among these methods, those that use a single mixed metric are the most popular. Although mixed metric routing discards potentially useful information, this is compensated for by significant complexity reduction. Exploiting this tradeoff is becoming increasingly important where low complexity designs are desired, such as in battery operated wireless applications. In this paper, novel single mixed metrics for multi-constraint routing are introduced. The proposed techniques have similar complexity compared with existing low complexity methods. Simulation and analytical results are presented which show that it can obtain better performance than comparable techniques in terms of generating feasible routes.
Finite element computational model for defect simulation and detection by eddy currents non destructive testing
Authors: M. Rachek, M. Zaouia, H. Denoun, C. Birouche
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circuits (2005)

This paper presents numerical modelling of eddy currents non-destructive testing in bidimensionnal cylindrical plane. The magnetostatic and magnetodynamic model in term of magnetic vector potential is solved using the finite element method. The displacement of the probe operand in differential mode is simulated with the geometrical band technique based on the physical properties assignment and the impedance change at each position of the probe permit to keep the presence of defect and it influence on the eddy current distribution. A comparison of the results given by the implemented model with experimental ones is in good agreement.
Graph minors and linkages
Authors: G. Chen, R. J. Gould, K. Kawarabayashi, F. Pfender, B. Wei
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2005)

Bollob&aacute;s and Thomason showed that every 22k-connected graph is k-linked. Their result used a dense graph minor. In this paper, we investigate the ties between small graph minors and linkages. In particular, we show that a 6-connected graph with a K 9- minor is 3-linked. Further, we show that a 7-connected graph with a K 9- minor is (2,5)-linked. Finally, we show that a graph of order n and size at least 7n-29 contains a K 9-- minor. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 75&ndash;91, 2005
Comparison of Heuristic Methods Applied to Optimization of Computer Networks
Authors: Krzysztof Lenarski, Andrzej Kasprzak, Iwona Pozniak-Koszalka
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Networking (2008)

The paper concerns the minimization of the average delay of packets in the computer network. The formulated problem is NP complete. The authors proposed a solution that may be reachable in satisfying time using heuristic methods. Authors take into consideration the proposed algorithms which are based on ideas such as simulated annealing, taboo search and genetic approach. In order to compare performance of these methods the experimentation system has been made. This system was implemented in C++ and Borland Builder 6.0 programming environment. The created application allows to make investigations along with the complex experiments showing the current state of network and the obtained results in convenient way by utilizing visualization module and presentation module. The results of example research are shown and discussed.
Fabrication of a new micro bio chip and flow cell cytometry system using Bio-MEMS technology
Authors: Insoo Byun, Jooran Yang, Sekwang Park
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2008)

This experiment was required the base technology's of micro packaging technology, micro fluidic technology, micro optical technology and electricity signal processing technology. This experiment emphasizes Bio-MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) technology and application. Material of chip was used the hydrophilic properties of good glass more than that of PDMS (poly dimethylsiloxane) and PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate). Method to use in chip manufacture is the BOEM (buffered oxide etchant method), ECDM (electro chemical discharge method) and UVAM (UV sensitive adhesives method). It is possible to measure the characteristics of various DNA. Therefore, those applications may be useful in other MEMS technology and optical science of biotechnology field [H.M. Shapiro, M.D, Practical Flow Cytometry, third ed., 1995; Z.D. kiewicz, J.P. Robinson, H.A. Crissman, Flow Cytometry, second ed., 1995].
Resource Placement in the Edge Product of Graphs
Authors: Paria Moinzadeh, Hamid Sarbazi-Azad
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (2008)

In a large system, it is neither economical nor efficient to equip each node with a copy of the resource, and it is desirable to distribute the copies of the resource so that certain performance measure is obtained. In this paper we consider the problem of distributing resources in the edge product of networks. The algorithms presented in this paper make use of the known placements for the basic graphs composing the product graph. Therefore, in these placements we avoid the additional costs needed for deploying and rescaling the network.
Multimodal information access across multiple devices
Authors: Gerald Huebsch, Kay Kadner
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

Next generation applications will support a variety of modalities that will be provided by more than one device. Users can carry multiple devices with them or just use fixed devices in their environment. The applications will adapt themselves with respect to rendering according to changes in the user's context. For enabling a wide-spread use of those applications, an infrastructure has to be developed that supports a convenient authoring process for applications as well as a comprehensive runtime, which provides both multimodality and context services. This paper describes the Multimodality Services Component as part of a context-aware runtime for multimodal applications, which was developed as part of the EMODE project. In particular, the Multimodality Services Component is responsible for enabling multimodal interaction with EMODE applications and for the adaptation and transformation of modality-independent user interface descriptions into modality-specific parts, which can be used for generating user interfaces on the used devices. Furthermore, the Multimodality Services Component performs input coordination and interaction with the associated business logic.
Additive generators of border-continuous triangular norms
Authors: Peter Viceník
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2008)

The characterization of all additive generators of border-continuous triangular norms (conorms) is introduced. It is also shown that the pseudo-inverse of the Cantor function is an additive generator with a dense set of all points of discontinuity in [0,1] yielding a border-continuous triangular conorm.
Performance Analysis and Industrial Practice of Peer-Assisted Content Distribution Network for Large-Scale Live Video Streaming
Authors: Xuening Liu, Hao Yin, Chuang Lin, Yu Liu, Zhijia Chen, Xin Xiao
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (2008)

Recently efficient and scalable live video streaming system over the Internet has become a hot topic. In order to improve the system performance metrics, such as startup delay, source-to-end delay, playback continuity and scalability, many previous works developed two successful cases of Content Distribution Network (CDN) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network for the design of large-scale live video streaming systems, but no single one has yet delivered both the scale and service quality. To combine the advantages of CDN and P2P network has been considered as a feasible orientation for large-scale video stream delivering. In this paper, we propose a peer-assisted content distribution network, i.e. PACDN, which borrows the mesh-based P2P ideas into the traditional CDN to enhance the performance and scalability. The basic features of PACDN include: 1) To meet the real time requirement of live video stream service, i.e. to ensure that the video stream could be continuously and stably delivered from the source to each edge server for offering good QoS to different regions clients, the placement edge servers and source streaming server(s) build a hierarchical multi-tree based and in-hierarchy peer-assisted overlay, which is optimized according to the knowledge of underlying physical topology. This scheme in the design is called “server side peer-assisted”. 2) To enhance the system scalability and reduce the deployment cost, clients and edge servers construct a Client/Server based and P2P network assisted overlay with the increasing of viewers, which is called “client side peer-assisted” in this design. We compare the inner performance of PACDN with existing approaches based on comprehensive simulations and analysis. The results show that our proposed design outperforms previous systems in the service quality and scalability. PACDN has been implemented as an Internet live video streaming service and it was successfully deployed for broadcasting many important live programs in China in 2007. The industrial experiences prove that this design is scalable and reliable. We believe that the wide deployment of PACDN and its further development will soon benefit many more Internet users.
Quantitative study of net radiation from MODIS data in the lower boundary layer in Poyang Lake area of Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: G. Cai, Y. Xue, Y. Hu, J. Guo, Y. Wang, S. Qi
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

This paper focuses on quantitative calculation of longwave radiation and shortwave radiation from MODIS data in the Poyang Lake area of Jiangxi Province, China. The sum of the net longwave radiation and the shortwave radiation is the net radiation. These parameters are critical for the study of energy exchange in the lower boundary layer on land surface. Two of the most important factors for the retrieval of longwave radiation are the land surface temperature and emissivity. In this paper, the land surface temperature and emissivity were calculated from MODIS data using the regional self-iterative split-window method. The most important factor in the determination of the shortwave radiation is Earth surface albedo. The spectral reflectance and surface albedo were derived from MODIS data using the Synergy of TERRA and AQUA MODIS data (SYNTAM) algorithm. The net shortwave and longwave radiation were calculated and compared with the in situ measurement data. Our results indicate that the methods for quantitative calculation of net longwave radiation, shortwave radiation and net radiation from MODIS data can have a good accuracy. The relative errors are between 2.1% to 9.72% for longwave radiation, 0.15% to 10.48% for shortwave radiation and 0.64% to 13.7% for net radiation. We can conclude that a good accuracy can be achieved for deriving longwave radiation, shortwave radiation and net radiation, which are helpful for heat exchange, environmental, hydrology and ecology research in land areas.
An Anonymous and Deniable Conversation for a Thin Client
Authors: Ren-Chiun Wang, Wen-Shenq Juang, Chin-Laung Lei
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

In most client/server architecture, the identity of a client is transmitted in a plaintext through an insecure network environment. It is a convenient way for a server to authenticate the identity of a client. However, it is also a chance for an adversary to launch some attacks on this identity. In personal and business communications, a client and a server have many opportunities to perform a closed conversation such as anonymous transactions. Also in some applications, the transmitted contents should not be proved to a third party from the client or the server. In this paper, we propose an anonymous and deniable key exchange protocol for a thin client based on the elliptic curvediscrete logarithm problem.
Measurements of Radiation-Induced Skin Changes in Breast-Cancer Radiation Therapy Using Ultrasonic Imaging
Authors: Tian Liu, Jun Zhou, K. Sunshine Osterman, Pengpeng Zhang, Shermian A. Woodhouse, Peter B. Schiff, Gerald J. Kutcher
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

Skin injury is a common side effect of breast-cancer radiation therapy. Although physicians often observe skin toxicity, quantifying its severity remains a challenge. We present a novel quantitative ultrasonic technique to evaluate skin changes associated with radiotherapy. An in vivo study with twelve breast-cancer patients was conducted. All patients received a standard course of post-surgery radiation therapy. Each patient received ultrasound scans to the irradiated breast and the untreated (contra-lateral) breast. Radio-frequency (RF) backscatter signals and B-mode images were acquired simultaneously. To quantify the severity of skin injury, two metrics were calculated from the RF signals: skin thickness and Pearson correlation coefficient of the subcutaneous layer. Comparing to the non-irradiated skin, the average thickness of the irradiated skin increased by 40% (p=0.005) and the average correlation coefficient of the irradiated hypodermis decreased by 35% (p=0.02). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a non-invasive ultrasonic technique to detect and quantify radiation-induced skin changes.
Describing shapes by geometrical-topological properties of real functions
Authors: S. Biasotti, L. De Floriani, B. Falcidieno, P. Frosini, D. Giorgi, C. Landi, L. Papaleo, M. Spagnuolo
Venue: ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) (2008)

Differential topology, and specifically Morse theory, provide a suitable setting for formalizing and solving several problems related to shape analysis. The fundamental idea behind Morse theory is that of combining the topological exploration of a shape with quantitative measurement of geometrical properties provided by a real function defined on the shape. The added value of approaches based on Morse theory is in the possibility of adopting different functions as shape descriptors according to the properties and invariants that one wishes to analyze. In this sense, Morse theory allows one to construct a general framework for shape characterization, parametrized with respect to the mapping function used, and possibly the space associated with the shape. The mapping function plays the role of a lens through which we look at the properties of the shape, and different functions provide different insights. In the last decade, an increasing number of methods that are rooted in Morse theory and make use of properties of real-valued functions for describing shapes have been proposed in the literature. The methods proposed range from approaches which use the configuration of contours for encoding topographic surfaces to more recent work on size theory and persistent homology. All these have been developed over the years with a specific target domain and it is not trivial to systematize this work and understand the links, similarities, and differences among the different methods. Moreover, different terms have been used to denote the same mathematical constructs, which often overwhelm the understanding of the underlying common framework. The aim of this survey is to provide a clear vision of what has been developed so far, focusing on methods that make use of theoretical frameworks that are developed for classes of real functions rather than for a single function, even if they are applied in a restricted manner. The term geometrical-topological used in the title is meant to underline that both levels of information content are relevant for the applications of shape descriptions: geometrical, or metrical, properties and attributes are crucial for characterizing specific instances of features, while topological properties are necessary to abstract and classify shapes according to invariant aspects of their geometry. The approaches surveyed will be discussed in detail, with respect to theory, computation, and application. Several properties of the shape descriptors will be analyzed and compared. We believe this is a crucial step to exploit fully the potential of such approaches in many applications, as well as to identify important areas of future research.
Interannual variations in vegetation activities and climate variability caused by ENSO in tropical rainforests
Authors: S. Nagai, K. Ichii, H. Morimoto
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Interannual variations in terrestrial carbon cycle over tropical rainforests affect the global carbon cycle. Terrestrial ecosystem models show the interannual relationship between climate changes due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and net primary production over tropical rainforests. However, we need an independent analysis using satellite-based vegetation index and climate parameters. In the present study, we extracted the ENSO-related interannual variations from time-series in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate data from 1981 to 2000, and analysed their relevance. We detected relationships among NDVI, ENSO, and climate parameters from long-term data with negative NDVI-ENSO, NDVI-temperature, and positive NDVI-precipitation relations. These correlations suggest that interannual variability in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests could be extracted from NDVI time-series despite noise components in NDVI data, and that interannual changes in precipitation and temperature caused by ENSO play a more important role in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests than in incoming surface solar radiation.
Words are silver, mouse-clicks are gold? (or how to optimize the level of language formalization of young students in a logo-based cubics world)
Authors: Evgenia Sendova, Toni Chehlarova, Pavel Boytchev
Venue: Informatics in education (2007)

How do we teach children to express and communicate ideas in a formal and informal mode? What type of language do they need in a concrete context? How should they determine a proper level of formalization of their descriptions? In an attempt to explore these issues we carried out a pilot experiment in the frames of the DALEST European project whose goal was to create environment for stimulating the 3D geometry understanding of young students and to assist them in developing some fundamental mathematical skills including spatial visualization and articulating ideas. The pilot experiment was carried out with 5th graders from five Bulgarian schools by means of specially designed educational scenarios and the Cubix Editor (a Logo based application for manipulating unit-sized cubes). The children were given tasks to describe compositions of unit-sized cubes and to build such compositions by means of the Cubix Editor when given their descriptions by peers. The students experienced the whole process of generating a good description - becoming aware of the ambiguity, producing counterexamples, reducing the ambiguity, eliminating the redundancy. The pilot experiment aimed at specifying the structure, scope and methods behind the stereometry activities envisaged for 5th graders in the frames of the DALEST project. The first impressions confirm our belief that the language is playing significant role in the learning experiences of the students, that the relationship between thoughts and words involves back and forth reshaping process. While constructing and describing cubical structures they articulated their own ideas, developed concepts collaboratively with others, moved between everyday and mathematical terms, between procedural and declarative style, exploring the boundaries of understanding. Such interplay with the step-wise refinement of their descriptions of cubical structures would hopefully enhance students' skills for working with mathematical definitions, on one hand, and prepare them for writing, debugging and explaining programs, on the other.
Reliable UML Models and Profiles
Authors: Kirsten Berkenkötter
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2008)

Formerly, models have been used mostly in design and documentation. MDA and its surrounding techniques put them into the center of the software development process as the platform-independent model serves as foundation for tasks such as platform-dependent code generation or testing. Obviously, unambiguous models are crucial for the successful accomplishment of these tasks. The UML as the most popular modeling language is not able to ensure this which delegates the validation of models to further tasks. Our goal is to improve this situation by making models reliable as it is neither likely that another modeling language will displace UML in the near future not that a new - improved - UML version will be adopted soon. We reuse the existing OCL-based static semantics of UML and strengthen them by rectification and extension. As a result, the structural soundness of class and object diagrams is automatically ascertained and model-based tasks can be smoothly performed afterwards. Our approach supports the usage of profiles as long as these specify their static semantics on OCL. We show this by an example taken from the railway control systems domain. Behavioral soundness is not checked as we believe that it is not desirable to define one concrete behavioral semantics for UML as different application domains require different semantics at least in details.