ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of design methodologies
Authors: Makoto Arisawa, G. David Bergland, Earle C. Bowers, John N. Buxton, Robert A. Kelley, Norman L. Kerth, Sabina H. Saib, Peter D. Ting, Douglas A. Troy, Stuart H. Zweben
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (1982)

This proposal seeks to evaluate the effects of various design methodologies on the development and maintenance of computer systems. More specifically, an experiment is proposed to test the hypothesis that the cost of making changes to computer systems is influenced by the application area of the system and by the design methodology employed in its development. Proponents of various design methodologies will develop, from user requirements, solutions to selected problems in each of four application areas. After acceptance of the solutions by an independent contractor, requests for changes will be given to each design methodology group. Careful records of the costs of initial development and subsequent modifications will be kept. These costs, other measures taken on the resulting products, and a post activity conference will form the basis for evaluation the experiment and the participating methodologies.
SUPERCONTIGS: A Contig Scaffolding Tool
Authors: Daniela Puiu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (2004)

SUPERCONTIGS is a genome-finishing tool that orders, orients and groups contigs based on clone pair information and an alignment with a related genome. The program can be used in the genome finishing and gap closing process. SUPERCONTIGS is a Perl script that runs on Unix-like systems. It is available at http://www.vcu.edu/csbc/bccl/research-downloads.htm as a copy-left public domain program.
Information extraction using two-phase pattern discovery
Authors: Liping Ma, John Shepherd
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2004)

This paper presents a new two-phase pattern (2PP) discovery technique for information extraction. 2PP consists of orthographic pattern discovery (OPD) and semantic pattern discovery (SPD) where the OPD determines the structural features from an identified region of a document and the SPD discovers a dominant semantic pattern for the region via inference, apposition and analogy. Then the discovered pattern is applied back into the region to extract required data items through pattern matching. We evaluated 2PP using 6500 data items and obtained effective result.
iTV handbook: technologies & standards
Authors: Eddie Schwalb
Venue: Computers in Entertainment (CIE) (2004)

Interactive television (iTV) is an evolutionary merging of digital TV and the internet. iTV technology offers new powerful ways for consumers to interact with content and service providers. In Europe, iTV has gained significant traction during the turn of the century. For example, about 500,000 viewers signed up for SkyDigital's email service during 2000. In another example, Nickelodeon's "Watch Your Own Week" voting application was available to SkyDigital viewers during Oct 22-27 2001. While only 100,000 votes were anticipated for the whole week, this goal was reached within two days; a total of 578,000 votes were recorded for the week. Today, Europe counts tens of millions of iTV consumers.The iTV Handbook is a broad overview of the business and technical issues, and could be used as a textbook for an introductory technical course: it lays out the current thinking on commercially viable uses of iTV, surveys the related technical standards, and describes a broad range of technologies and the relationships among them. A whole chapter is devoted to the big picture of the iTV food chain, and another key chapter is devoted to a survey of media streaming methods. A "file system in the sky" is described which is the broadcasting equivalent of the network file system, and can be used to eliminate the notorious "hot spot" encountered when millions of receivers are trying to access a small set of pages. The book provides many rare insights into the nuts and bolts of the technologies being used. For example, the book presents part of the theoretical foundation for MP3 compression, and describes in detail many popular file formats used to deliver iTV content, including GIF, QuickTime, AVI, and ZIP.
Multidimensional Knowledge Spaces for Strategic Management - Experiences at a Leading Manufacturer of Construction and Mining Equipment
Authors: Joerg Becker, Lev Vilkov, Christian Brelage
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

This paper provides a case study from the Business Intelligence Department (BID) of a leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment. BID is a corporate department that provides crucial information for strategic management activities. In order to support these activities, concepts of knowledge management (KM) can be of substantial importance. Using a conceptual framework, we identified the deficits in managing knowledge assets at the BID and developed a prototype of a KM information system. In particular, we address the problem of an explicit specification of document classification schemas. Thus, we developed a methodological framework for modelling multidimensional knowledge spaces.
PSM: A Model of Collaborative Agents for E-Markets
Authors: Waldemar Wieczerzycki
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

In the paper a new model of software agents is proposed that are collaborative, polymorphic and highly mobile. The first two features of agents result form the existence of potentially many agent versions. The third feature is implied by the fact that only the necessary agent code is transmitted through the network, while the rest is transmitted only on demand. Moreover, the data which does not extend agent intelligence is not carried between network nodes by the agent, but sent directly to a stationary repository.
Slicing tools for synchronous reactive programs
Authors: S. Ramesh, A. Kulkarni, V. Kamat
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2004)

In this paper, we present two slicing tools: VHDL_Slice and Est_slice that compute static executable slices of VHDL and Esterel programs respectively. The slicers have been tested on a number of small and medium sized examples.
A data cube model for prediction-based web prefetching
Authors: Qiang Yang, Joshua Zhexue Huang, Michael Ng
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems (2003)

Reducing the web latency is one of the primary concerns of Internet research. Web caching and web prefetching are two effective techniques to latency reduction. A primary method for intelligent prefetching is to rank potential web documents based on prediction models that are trained on the past web server and proxy server log data, and to prefetch the highly ranked objects. For this method to work well, the prediction model must be updated constantly, and different queries must be answered efficiently. In this paper we present a data-cube model to represent Web access sessions for data mining for supporting the prediction model construction. The cube model organizes session data into three dimensions. With the data cube in place, we apply efficient data mining algorithms for clustering and correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, the web page clusters can then be used to guide the prefetching system. In this paper, we propose an integrated web-caching and web-prefetching model, where the issues of prefetching aggressiveness, replacement policy and increased network traffic are addressed together in an integrated framework. The core of our integrated solution is a prediction model based on statistical correlation between web objects. This model can be frequently updated by querying the data cube of web server logs. This integrated data cube and prediction based prefetching framework represents a first such effort in our knowledge.
A Graph-Theoretical Approach to Boolean Interpolation of Non-Boolean Functions
Venue: Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (2004)

We introduce a graph-theoretical approach to the studyof approximation of non-Boolean functions on Boolean algebra.We show that optimal interpolations of non-Booleanfunctions by Boolean functions are linked to minimal chromaticdecompositions of graphs attached to these functionsand we study special vertices in these graphs.
Assignment of Measurement Period by an "Expert" Computer Program
Authors: Margaret G. E. Peterson, Sandy B. Ganz
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

This paper discusses an attempt to reassign physical therapy evaluations to meaningfultime periods based on recovery after surgery for hip fracture. The time of eachevaluation post surgery is recorded in days and months by the physical therapist doingthe evaluation. At the same time, the physical therapist assigns a name to the time period'pre-strength training', 'post-strength training', '6 month etc'. However the patient andother outside factors affect the actual time that elapses between evaluations. When thestudy was completed, the early examination of the data, revealed that the periodassignments had a wide spread over time. We constructed an expert program, to try toadjust the period name assignments using the actual time post-surgery as well as the timerelationship to the strength training.
Perceptual dominance time distributions in multistable visual perception
Authors: Y. H. Zhou, J. B. Gao, K. D. White, I. Merk, K. Yao
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2004)

Perceptual multistability, alternative perceptions of an unchanging stimulus, gives important clues to neural dynamics. The present study examined 56 perceptual dominance time series for a Necker cube stimulus, for ambiguous motion, and for binocular rivalry. We made histograms of the perceptual dominance times, based on from 307 to 2478 responses per time series (median=612), and compared these histograms to gamma, lognormal and Weibull fitted distributions using the Kolmogorov&#x2013;Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. In 40 of the 56 tested cases a lognormal distribution provided an acceptable fit to the histogram (in 24 cases it was the only fit). In 16 cases a gamma distribution, and in 11 cases a Weibull distribution, were acceptable but never as the only fit in either case. Any of the three distributions were acceptable in three cases and none provided acceptable fits in 12 cases. Considering only the 16 cases in which a lognormal distribution was rejected (p<0.05) revealed that minor adjustments to the fourth-moment term of the lognormal characteristic function restored good fits. These findings suggest that random fractal theory might provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of multistable perceptions.
An Architecture for Streamlining the Implementation of Biomedical Text/Image Databases on the Web
Authors: Mike Bopf, Tina Coleman, L. Rodney Long, Sameer Antani, George R. Thoma, Jose Jeronimo, Mark Schiffman
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

To date the implementation of biomedical text/images databases on the Web has beenhindered by the lack of software flexibility to enable new datasets to be "rolled in" to existingdatabase systems without extensive programming modifications. An R&D division of theNational Library of Medicine (NLM) is creating a new database system, the MultimediaDatabase Tool (MDT), built on an architecture that moves the required customization for aparticular dataset from the programmer to the database administrator level, thereby reducingpotentially high labor costs. The first database application to be supported will be uterinecervix data from the National Cancer Institute, including 100,000 digitized images, andNHANES II and III databases now hosted by the NLM Web-based Medical InformationRetrieval System (WebMIRS).
Rapid prototyping using executable requirements specifications
Authors: Alan M. Davis
Venue: Proceedings of the workshop on Rapid prototyping (1982)

This paper describes a software tool, called the Feature Simulator, that "executes" formally written requirements specifications for real-time systems and enables users to "interact" with the simulated product at the completion of the requirements specification phase of the software life-cycle. This tool thus produces an early and rapid prototype with which customers, designers, and managers can verify that the product meets their needs and expectations. Any deficiencies that they find can then be corrected by inexpensive changes to the product's requirements specification, rather than by more costly modifications to the final product.
SDIs: Potentials for Agriculture
Authors: Olaf Nolle
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

Driven by especially legal forces, the use of GeoInformation(GI)-Technology in European Agriculture recently takes a turn from being just a niche-technology to a turn-key-technology in near future in this application domain. Due to the multifaceted character of Agriculture, it can be foreseen that this evolution results in a clear demand for well working Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) and corresponding geo-services to cover the new requirements coming from all involved parties like administration, farmers and industry. Focusing on two main user-groups (administration and farmers), the article tries to give an overview by concrete examples of the agricultural SDI-situation in Germany.
Midwest theory of computation symposium: on a generalization of edge-coloring in graphs
Authors: S. Louis Hakimi, Oded Kariv
Venue: ACM SIGACT News (1984)

Bounds are given on the number of colors required to color the edges of a graph (multigraph) such that each color appears at each vertex v at most m(v) times. The known results and proofs generalize in natural ways. Certain new edge-coloring problems, which have no counterparts when m(v) = 1 for all vεV, are studied.
Conceptual Process Models: Using Process Architecture in Practice
Authors: L. Wedemeijer, E. G. A. J. de Bruin
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

The notion of Conceptual Process Model, and its pivotal role between analysis of an operational business process and its redesign are discussed. The CPM, constituting the indispensable actions to be executed in a business process, provides guidance to engineers in creating redesign options as the model can be elaborated in various ways depending on architectural preferences and business contingencies. It also sets a checkpoint to verify compliance with the overall business information architecture. This experience report discusses how the concept of CPM is adopted as a standard deliverable in the process redesign methodology at our corporation.
Testing malware detectors
Authors: Mihai Christodorescu, Somesh Jha
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2004)

In today's interconnected world, malware, such as worms and viruses, can cause havoc. A malware detector (commonly known as virus scanner) attempts to identify malware. In spite of the importance of malware detectors, there is a dearth of testing techniques for evaluating them. We present a technique based on program obfuscation for generating tests for malware detectors. Our technique is geared towards evaluating the resilience of malware detectors to various obfuscation transformations commonly used by hackers to disguise malware. We also demonstrate that a hacker can leverage a malware detector's weakness in handling obfuscation transformations and can extract the signature used by a detector for a specific malware. We evaluate three widely-used commercial virus scanners using our techniques and discover that the resilience of these scanners to various obfuscations is very poor.
A biologically motivated neural network for phase extraction from complex sounds
Authors: Marcus Borst, Gerald Langner, G&#x00fc;nther Palm
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2004)

We demonstrate that natural acoustic signals like speech or music contain synchronous phase information across multiple frequency bands and show how to extract this information using a spiking neural network. This network model is motivated by common neurophysiological findings in the auditory brainstem and midbrain of several species. A computer simulation of the model was tested by applying spoken vowels and organ pipe tones. As expected, spikes occurred synchronously in the activated frequency bands. This phase information may be used for sound separation with one microphone or sound localization with two microphones.
Visualization of Spatiotemporal Patterns of EEG Rhythms During Voluntary Movements
Authors: Ou Bai, Guido Nolte, Mari Zoltan, Sherry Vorbach, Mark Hallett
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

The power change of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms is an indicator to investigate neuronal activation underlying EEG electrodes. We developed a software routine for analysis and visualization of spatiotemporal patterns of EEG oscillations: event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS). Further, thespatiotemporal representation of task-related coherence (TRC) was also proposed forinvestigation of interregional neuronal connectivity. As concurrent artifacts and volumeconduction effect may result incorrect or spatially blurred estimation of EEG features, we have embedded data preprocessing functions to reduce these effects including: correcting eye movement-related artifact, changing reference methods and spatial filtering undesirableneuronal activity. These functions were subsequently applied to study EEG time-frequencypatterns during self-paced movements in normal volunteers.
Transforming engineering knowledge through graph representations: transferring the Willis method to linkages and trusses
Authors: Offer Shai, Efim Mohr
Venue: Engineering with Computers (2004)

The paper introduces an approach for transforming methods and knowledge between different engineering fields through general discrete mathematical models, called graph representations, which carry engineering knowledge of specific systems. The idea is demonstrated by showing the transformation of the known method in planetary gear trains&#x2014;the Willis method&#x2014;to two other engineering systems: linkages and trusses. In doing so, two efficient methods were derived: one for analysing compound linkages, such as those containing tetrads, and another for compound trusses. These new methods were derived from two relations characterising graph representations: a representation that is common to two engineering fields and the duality relation between representations. The new approach underlying these transformations is shown to open new ways of conducting engineering research by enabling a systematic derivation of engineering knowledge through knowledge transformations between the graph representations.
Dealer Collaboration: Transforming the Value Chain through Integration and Relationships
Authors: Jakka Sairamesh, Mitch Cohen, Maroun Touma, Dharma Padala, Rakesh Mohan
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology (2004)

The retail and aftermarket in most value chains is highly segmented and can include dealers, distributors, resellers, independent repair shops, parts suppliers, specialized accessory retail stores and content providers. In the automotive industry, the aftermarket value chain is quite large and fragmented. OEMs need to transform the way they do business in order to obtain a share of this aftermarket revenue and provide better quality of service for handling critical product failures. Crucial failure symptom information is lost between the end consumers of products and the manufacturers due to lack of proper collaboration with dealerships and intermediaries offering independent service. Currently, this results in increased increased warranty costs for manufacturers and customer defection. In this paper, we present a novel IBM software solution for Automotive Dealer Collaboration, which enhances the OEM-Dealer relationship through contextual collaboration, information integration and transparent process management. The solution is based on open standards such as web services, J2EE, J2ME, Struts and others.
The Schema Evolution and Data Migration Framework of the Environmental Mass Database IMIS
Authors: Dirk Draheim, Matthias Horn, Ina Schulz
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2004)

This paper describes a framework that supports the simultaneousevolution of object-oriented data models andrelational schemas with respect to a tool-supported object-relationalmapping. The proposed framework accounts fornon-trivial data migration induced by type evolution fromthe outset. The support for data migration is offered onthe level of transparent data access. The framework consistsof the following integrated parts: an automatic modelchange detection mechanism, a generator for schema evolutioncode and a generator for data migration APIs. Theframework has been concepted in the IMIS project. IMISis an information system for environmental radioactivitymeasurements. Though the indicated domain especially demandsa solution like the one discussed in this paper, theachievements are of general purpose for multi-tier systemarchitectures with object-relational mapping.
Improved Fourier Transform Method for Unsupervised Cell-Cycle Regulated Gene Prediction
Authors: Karuturi R. Krishna Murthy, Liu Jian Hua
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (2004)

Motivation: Cell-cycle regulated gene prediction using microarray time-course measurements of the mRNA expression levels of genes has been used by several researchers. The popularly employed approach is Fourier transform (FT) method in conjunction with the set of known cell-cycle regulated genes. In the absence of training data, fourier transform method is sensitive to noise, additive monotonic component arising from cell population growth and deviation from strict sinusoidal form of expression. Known cell cycle regulated genes may not be available for certain organisms or using them for training may bias the prediction. Results: In this paper we propose an Improved Fourier Transform (IFT) method which takes care of several factors such as monotonic additive component of the cell-cycle expression, irregular or partial-cycle sampling of gene expression. The proposed algorithm does not need any known cell-cycle regulated genes for prediction. Apart from alleviating need for training set, it also removes bias towards genes similar to the training set. We have evaluated the developed method on two publicly available datasets: yeast cell-cycle data and HeLa cell-cycle data. The proposed algorithm has performed competitively on both datasets with that of the supervised fourier transform method used. It outperformed other unsupervised methods such as Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Single Pulse Modeling (SPM). This method is easy to comprehend and implement, and runs faster.