ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Admission Control and Scheduling for Wireless Packet Communication
Authors: Jens Meggers
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Networks (1999)

This paper describes a new admission control and scheduling scheme that enables adaptive control of resource usage. The new scheme has been designed for wireless networks that put high demands on resource reservation due to their inherent lack of sufficient bandwidth, high error probability and frequent resource overload due to the users mobility. The scheme deploys bandwidth adaptation on application level and combines these methods with admission control and packet scheduling on the network layer by taking into account packet error rates measured on the link layer. The scheme makes use of the so called "enriched packet streams" that allow for congestion prediction and forms the base of delay sensitive bandwidth adaptation at network nodes. Measurements received form simulation studies show up the benefits gained from the proposed concepts.
Converting the reset
Authors: Jiri K. Hoogland, C. D.D. Neumann, D. Bloch
Venue:  (2001)

We give a simple algorithm to incorporate the effects of resets in convertible bond prices, without having to add an extra factor to take into account the value of the reset. Furthermore we show that the effect of a notice period, and additional make-whole features, can be treated in a straightforward and simple manner. Although we present these results with the stockprice driven by geometric Brownian and a deterministic interest term structure, our results can be extended to more general cases, e.g. stochastic interest rates.
Determination of Functional Domains for Use with Functional Size Measurement - Opportunities to Classify Software from a Business Perspective
Authors: Carol A. Dekkers
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium and Forum on Software Engineering Standards (1999)

Functional Size Measurement (FSM) is the focus of ISO/IEC project 14143. Project 14143 has five parts, ranging from the recently published Part 1 - Concepts of FSM (14143- 1:1998) to Part 5 - Determination of Functional Domains for Use with FSM; which is in development as a Technical Report Type 2 (TR2). This paper outlines the basic principles of FSM and why the Functional Domain concept has been seen as important to the overall project success. It covers the rationale behind this subproject, its relevance to the software engineering world and how the Functional Domain topic extends far beyond the realm of simply FSM.The presentation will profile the state of the software industry today and how the classifications of software in modern literature is insufficient for the needs of FSM. The current state of this TR2 in progress will also be presented together with the various opinions of the international community involved in its development.
Analytica - A Theorem Prover for Mathematica
Authors: Edmund Clarke, Xudong Zhao
Venue:  (1992)

Analytica is an automatic theorem prover for theorems in elementary analysis. The prover is written in Mathematica language and runs in the Mathematica environment. The goal of the project is to use a powerful symbolic computation system to prove theorems that are beyond the scope of previous automatic theorem provers. The theorem prover is also able to guarantee the correctness of certain steps that are made by the symbolic computation system and therefore prevent common errors like division by a symbolic expression that could be zero. In this paper we describe the structure of Analytica and explain the main techniques that it uses to construct proofs. We have tried to make the paper as self-contained as possible so that it will be accessible to a wide audience of potential users. We illustrate the power of our theorem prover by several non-trivial examples including the basic properties of the stereographic projection and a series of three lemmas that lead to a proof of Weierstrass''s example of a continuous nowhere differentiable function. Each of the lemmas in the latter example is proved completely automatically.
Self-Organization Exhibited by a Stochastic Agent-Base Model of Firms Seeking Higher Desirability in a Business Expressed by the Market Potential
Authors: Minoru Tabata, Akira Ide, Nobuoki Eshima, Ichiro Takagi, Yasuhiro Takei
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (2001)

We consider an agent-based model consisting of a finite number of firms that move stochastically within a discrete bounded domain in order to obtain higher business profits.The desirability in business is expressed by a certain exogenous random variable and a linear integral operator called market potential.If the number of firms is extremely large and the domain is very wide, then it is almost impossible to fully investigate the model by only doing numerical simulations.In order to overcome the difficulty, we employ a deterministic continuous model that is derived from the stochastic agent-based model by taking the scaling limit.By making use of the continuous model thus derived, we can fully observe self-organization exhibited by the original agent-based model.
An Experimental Comparison of Checklist-Based Reading and Perspective-Based Reading for UML Design Document Inspection
Authors: Giedre Sabaliauskaite, Fumikazu Matsukawa, Shinji Kusumoto, Katsuro Inoue
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering (2002)

This paper describes an experimental comparison of two reading techniques, namely Checklist-based reading (CBR) and Perspective-based reading (PBR) for Object-Oriented (OO) design inspection. Software inspection is an effective approach to detect defects in the early stages of the software development process. However, inspections are usually applied for defect detection in software requirement documents or software code modules, and there is a significant lack of information how inspections should be applied to OO design documents.The comparison was performed in a controlled experiment with 59 subject students. The results of individual data analysis indicate that a) defect detection effectiveness using both inspection techniques is similar (PBR:69%, CBR:70%); b) reviewers who use PBR spend less time on inspection than reviewers who use CBR; c) cost per defect of reviewers who use CBR is smaller. The results of 3-person virtual team analysis show that CBR technique is more effective than PBR technique.
A pattern-based problem-solving process for novice programmers
Authors: Ron Porter, Paul Calder
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth Australasian conference on Computing education - Volume 20 (2003)

Learning to program involves the application of programming language features to the solving of novel problems, and the experience of educators suggests that it is this factor that causes novice programmers the most difficulty. Because software patterns are descriptions of common problems and their solution written in a standardised format that facilitates reuse, their use in the novice context is indicated. This paper suggests a process for applying patterns to problems that derives from the relationships between patterns in a pattern language, and demonstrates its use in a simple problem. This approach suits the pedagogical model based on Bloom's taxonomy as it enables the required knowledge to be partitioned and dealt with in stages.
ODAR: an on-the-fly damage assessment and repair system for commercial database applications
Authors: Pramote Luenam, Peng Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual working conference on Database and application security (2001)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an on-the-fly damage assessment and repair tool for intrusion tolerant commercial database applications, called ODAR. ODAR is a COTS-DBMS-specific implementation of a general on-the-fly damage assessment and repair approach developed by P. Ammann, S. Jajodia, and P. Liu in [8]. The general approach, given a set of malicious transactions reported by an intrusion detector, locates and repairs the damage caused by each malicious transaction on the database, along with the damage caused by any benign transaction that is affected, directly or indirectly, by a malicious transaction. The general approach locates and repairs damage on-the-fly without the need to periodically halt normal transaction processing. In this paper, the development of the first ODAR prototype, which is for Oracle Server 8.1.6, is discussed. ODAR uses triggers and transaction profiles to keep track of the read and write operations of transactions, locates damage by tracing the affecting relationships among transactions along the history, and repairs damage by composing and executing some specific UNDO transactions. ODAR is transparent to on-going user transactions and very general. In addition to Oracle, it can be easily adapted to support many other database application platforms such as Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, and Informix. To our best knowledge, ODAR is the first tool that can do automatic on-the-fly damage assessment and repair for commercial database applications.
Assessing the reliability impacts of software fault-tolerance mechanisms
Authors: V. B. Mendiratta
Venue: Proceedings of the The Seventh International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (1996)

Telecommunications systems are characterized by highly stringent reliability requirements for system availability and defect rate. A combination of approaches is used to achieve high software reliability, namely, fault avoidance, fault removal and implementation of fault-tolerant mechanisms. This paper focuses on the implementation of software fault-tolerant mechanisms and analyzes the impact of these mechanisms on software reliability. Based on field data on the frequency of invocation of some fault-tolerant mechanisms, we present an escalating recovery model for predicting the impact of these mechanisms on lost calls. The key parameters of the model are: the software fault recovery coverage factor; the proportion of successful recoveries at each level and the calls lost at each recovery level. The output of the model is a distribution and average of the number of lost calls per software error. The applicability of this model to systems with high reliability has been validated; the applicability of the model to less reliable systems is an area for future work.
Biometrics, 1 edition
Authors: John D. Woodward, Nicholas M. Orlans
Venue:  (2002)

:Discover how to make biometrics  the technology involving scanning and analyzing unique body characteristics and matching them against information stored in a database  a part of your overall security plan with this hands-on guide. Includes deployment scenarios, cost analysis, privacy issues, and much more.
Computing Visual Correspondence with Occlusions via Graph Cuts
Authors: Vladimir Kolmogorov, Ramin Zabih
Venue:  (2001)

Several new algorithms for visual correspondence based on graph cuts have recently been developed. While these methods give very strong results in practice, they do not handle occlusions properly. Specifically, they treat the two input images asymmetrically, and they do not ensure that a pixel corresponds to at most one pixel in the other image. In this paper, we present two new methods which properly address occlusions, while preserving the advantages of graph cut algorithms. We give experimental results for stereo as well as motion, which demonstrate that our methods perform well both at detecting occlusions and computing disparities.
A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research
Authors: Guanling Chen, David Kotz
Venue:  (2000)

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality.
Flash 5 Cartoons and Games F/X and Design
Authors: Bill Turner, James Robertson
Venue:  (2002)

:Flash 5 Cartoons and Games f/x and Design takes you to a new dimension of Flash, one filled with cartoons and games. This book covers everything: script and character design, human movement and character animation, lip-synching, and Web and video output. In the games section, you will learn design, strategies, and programming. The adventure game chapter reveals sophisticated programming techniques for complex collision detection in an isometric 3D space.
On galleries with no bad points
Authors: Pavel Valtr
Venue:  (1996)

For any $k$ we construct a simply connected compact set (art gallery) in $R^3$ whose every point sees a positive fraction (in fact, more than $5/9$) of the gallery, but the whole gallery cannot be guarded by $k$ guards. This disproves a conjecture of Kavraki, Latombe, Motwani, and Raghavan.
Large Granularity Cache Coherence for Intermittent Connectivity
Authors: Lily Mummert, Mahadev Satyanarayanan
Venue:  (1994)

To function in mobile computing environments, distributed file systems must cope with networks that are slow, intermittent, or both. Intermittence vitiates the effectiveness of callback-based cache coherence schemes in reducing client-server communication, because clients must validate files when connections are reestablished. In this paper we show how maintaining cache coherence at a large granularity alleviates this problem. We report on the implementation and performance of large granularity cache coherence for the Coda File System. Our measurements confirm the value of this technique. At 9.6 Kbps, this technique takes only 4 - 20% of the time required by two other strategies to validate the cache for a sample of Coda users. Even at this speed, the network is effectively eliminated as the bottleneck for cache validation.
Search strategies in content-based image retrieval
Authors: Sharon McDonald, John Tait
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval (2003)

This paper describes two studies that looked at users' ability to formulate visual queries with a Content-Based Image Retrieval system that uses dominant image colour as the primary indexing key. The first experiment examined users' performance with two visual search tools, a sketch tool and a structured browsing tool, with different types of image query. The results showed that while users were able to successfully search on the basis of colour, and were able to formulate visual queries, their ability to do so was affected by search task type. Search task type was also shown to be related to search tool choice. However, the results of study two showed that while users were able to complete all of the tasks, there was evidence to suggest that a degree of compromise was present in the users' choice of image that was largely due to problems relating to query formulation.
Windows XP Guia Visual
Authors: Ruth Maran
Venue:  (2003)

:Built on the Windows 2000 engine, Windows XP brings users the best of both worlds: all the reliability and stability of Windows 2000 and Windows NT, combined with all the digital media and entertainment capabilities of Windows Millennium and Windows 98. Windows XP offers richer communications, enhanced mobility, improved help and support, easy digital photo and video tools, and exciting music and entertainment options. New features include a snazzy, more user-friendly interface; enhanced start menu with visual cues and listing of most visited applications; My Pictures, a tool for organizing, viewing, and printing digital images; My Music, a digital music organizer that lets the user view his/her music catalog by artist, album, track number, or album cover; and Media Player 8, a combo DVD, video, and music player.
Model Checking Implicit-Invocation Systems
Authors: David Garlan, Serge Khersonsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design (2000)

While implicit invocation (publish-subscribe) systems have good engineering properties, they are difficult to reason about and to test. Model checking such systems is an attractive alternative. However, it is not clear what kinds of state models are best suited for this. In this paper, we propose a structural approach, which factors the model-checking problem into two parts: behavior specific to a particular implicit invocation system, and reusable run-time infrastructure that handles event-based communication and delivery policies. The reusable portion is itself structured so that alternative run-time mechanisms may be experimented with.
ProMisE: A Framework for Process Models Customization to the Operative Context
Authors: Maria Teresa Baldassarre, Danilo Caivano, Corrado Aaron Visaggio, Giuseppe Visaggio
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering (2002)

Process diversity has recently become a target for the attention of a large part of the Software Engineering community. It implies that in order for a process model to be effective it must be specialized with respect to the context in which the process is execute. The authors face this problem by proposing ProMisE, a process pattern based framework able to capitalize the experiences gained in using a process model in diverse environments. It is an experience base focused on process models.By using ProMisE, two major advantages can be observed: it improves context comprehension; it improves the comprehension of the relationship between context characterization and process tailoring.
Assessing the maintenance processes of a software organization: an empirical analysis of a large industrial project
Authors: Andrea De Lucia, Eugenio Pompella, Silvio Stefanucci
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2003)

The use of statistical process control methods can determine the process capability of sustaining stable levels of variability, so that processes will yield predictable results. This enables to prepare achievable plans, meet cost estimates and scheduling commitments, and deliver required product functionality and quality with acceptable and reasonable reliability. We present initial results of applying statistical analysis methods to the maintenance processes of a software organization rated at the CMM level 3 that is currently planning the assessment to move to the CMM level 4. In particular, we present results from an empirical study conducted on the massive adaptive maintenance process of the organization. We analyzed the correlation between the maintenance size and productivity metrics. The resulting models allow to estimate the costs of a project conducted according to the adopted maintenance processes. Model performances on future observations were assessed by means of a cross validation which guarantees a nearly unbiased estimate of the prediction error. Data about the single phases of the process were also available, thus allowing to analyze the distribution of the effort among the phases and the causes of variations.
Audio System for Technical Readings
Authors: T. V. Raman
Venue:  (1994)

The advent of electronic documents makes information available in more than its visual form electronic information can now be display-independent. We describe a computing system, ASTER, that audio formats electronic documents to produce audio documents. ASTER can speak both literary texts and highly technical documents (presently in LaTeX) that contain complex mathematics. Visual communication is characterized by the eye''s ability to actively access parts of a two-dimensional display. The reader is active, while the display is passive. This active-passive role is reversed by the temporal nature of oral communication: information flows actively past a passive listener. This prohibits multiple views it is impossible to first obtain a high-level view and then ``look'''' at details. These shortcomings become severe when presenting complex mathematics orally. Audio formatting, which renders information structure in a manner attuned to an auditory display, overcomes these problems. ASTER is interactive, and the ability to browse information structure and obtain multiple views enables active listening.
Framework for documenting design decisions in product families development
Authors: A. Alonso, G. Leon, J. C. Duefias, J. A. de la Plante
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (1997)

The lack of documentation of the decisions taken during the development is common to many software systems. This makes it difficult to use the experience in future developments. This picture is worse when dealing with a family of products. The lack of documentation on the design decisions may preclude coherent evolution and development of products. This paper presents a framework for representing and supporting design decisions in the development of product families. The information is structured as a DDT (Design Decision Tree), where nodes represent design decisions and branches relate nodes to each other. The access to this information is based on HTML and WWW navigators. A simple case study is presented in order to illustrate the approach and to show its feasibility.
Grammars as contracts
Authors: M. Jonge, J. M.W. Visser
Venue:  (2001)

Component-based development of language tools stands in need of meta-tool support. This support can be offered by generation of code -- libraries or full-fledged components -- from syntax definitions. We develop a comprehensive architecture for such syntax-driven meta-tooling in which grammars serve as contracts between components. This architecture addresses exchange and processing both of full parse trees and of abstract syntax trees, and it caters for the integration of generated parse and pretty-print components with tree processing components. We discuss an instantiation of the architecture for the syntax definition formalism \sdf, integrating both existing and newly developed meta-tools that support \sdf. The \aterm format is adopted as exchange format. This instantiation gives special attention to adaptability, scalability, reusability, and maintainability issues surrounding language tool development.
Asymmetries in Collaborative Wearable Interfaces
Authors: M. Billinghurst, H. Kato, S. Bee, J. Bowskill
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (1999)

Communication asymmetries are inherent in collaborative dialogues between wearable computer and desktop users. This paper gives a definition and overview of what communication asymmetries are and their potential impact on the design of collaborative wearable interfaces. We also review results from collaborations with two asymmetric interfaces and present a set of implications for developers of collaborative wearable interfaces.