ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Architecture of Coherent Information System: A General Problem Solving System
Authors: C. V. Srinivasan
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1976)

This paper discusses the architecture of a metasystem, which can be used to generate intelligent information systems for different domains of discourse. It points out the kinds of knowledge accepted by the system, and the way the knowledge is used to do nontrivial problem solving. The organization of the system makes it possible for it to function in the context of a large and expanding data base. The metasystem provides a basis for the definition of the concept of machine understanding in terms of the models that the machine can build in a domain, and the way it can use the models.
A General Method for Sensor Planning in Multi-Sensor Systems: Extension to Random Occlusion
Authors: Anurag Mittal, Larry S. Davis
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision (2008)

Systems utilizing multiple sensors are required in many domains. In this paper, we specifically concern ourselves with applications where dynamic objects appear randomly and the system is employed to obtain some user-specified characteristics of such objects. For such systems, we deal with the tasks of determining measures for evaluating their performance and of determining good sensor configurations that would maximize such measures for better system performance. We introduce a constraint in sensor planning that has not been addressed earlier: visibility in the presence of random occluding objects. occlusion causes random loss of object capture from certain necessitates the use of other sensors that have visibility of this object. Two techniques are developed to analyze such visibility constraints: a probabilistic approach to determine "average" visibility rates and a deterministic approach to address worst-case scenarios. Apart from this constraint, other important constraints to be considered include image resolution, field of view, capture orientation, and algorithmic constraints such as stereo matching and background appearance. Integration of such constraints is performed via the development of a probabilistic framework that allows one to reason about different occlusion events and integrates different multi-view capture and visibility constraints in a natural way. Integration of the thus obtained capture quality measure across the region of interest yields a measure for the effectiveness of a sensor configuration and maximization of such measure yields sensor configurations that are best suited for a given scenario. The approach can be customized for use in many multi-sensor applications and our contribution is especially significant for those that involve randomly occurring objects capable of occluding each other. These include security systems for surveillance in public places, industrial automation and traffic monitoring. Several examples illustrate such versatility by application of our approach to a diverse set of different and sometimes multiple system objectives.
Teaching Software Evolution in Open Source
Authors: Maksym Petrenko, Denys Poshyvanyk, Václav Rajlich, Joseph Buchta
Venue: Computer (2007)

Most software engineering courses require students to develop small programs from scratch, but professional engineers typically work on the evolution of large software systems. Using open source software and a software change process model can narrow this gap without imposing excessive demands on students or instructors.
PrivaSense: providing privacy protection for sensor networks
Authors: Yi Ouyang, Zhengyi Le, James Ford, Fillia Makedon
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (2007)

Sensor networks are used in a variety of applications such as battlefield reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, and traffic monitoring. Security and privacy become important concerns when people are participants in sensor network applications [1]. In this research, we focus on providing a framework in which the privacy of people participating in sensor networks applications is protected.
Reliability estimation of a statistical classifier
Authors: Pandu Ranga Rao Devarakota, Bruno Mirbach, Björn Ottersten
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2008)

Statistical pattern classification techniques have been successfully applied to many practical classification problems. In real-world applications, the challenge is often to cope with patterns that lead to unreliable classification decisions. These situations occur either due to unexpected patterns, i.e., patterns which occur in the regions far from the training data or due to patterns which occur in the overlap region of classes. This paper proposes a method for estimating the reliability of a classifier to cope with these situations. While existing methods for quantifying the reliability are often solely based on the class membership probability estimated on global approximations, in this paper, the reliability is quantified in terms of a confidence interval on the class membership probability. The size of the confidence interval is calculated explicitly based on the local density of training data in the neighborhood of a test pattern. A synthetic example is given to illustrate the various aspects of the proposed approach. In addition, experimental evaluation on real data sets is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to detect unexpected patterns. The lower bound of the confidence interval is used to detect the unexpected patterns. By comparing the performance with the state-of-the-art methods, we show our approach is well-founded.
Trapezoid Fuzzy Linguistic Weighted Geometric Averaging Operator
Authors: Gui-Wu Wei, Wen-De Yi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 01 (2007)

With respect to multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems, in which attribute values take the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables, by utilizing some operational laws of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables, a new aggregation operator called trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted geometric averaging (TFLWGA) operator is proposed. Moreover, based on TFLWGA operator, a practical method for MAGDM is proposed under fuzzy linguistic environment. The method is straightforward and has no loss of information. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Role of an auditing and reporting service in compliance management
Authors: J. Ramanathan, R. J. Cohen, E. Plassmann, K. Ramamoorthy
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2007)

Regulatory compliance has become a major focus in today's business environment as companies adapt to comply with regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley, Basel II, and HIPAA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). Runtime audit data that records information such as operational logs represents a key element needed for compliance management. An audit service that manages the life cycle of audit data is thus a critical component of any compliance management system. This service should support mechanisms to submit, centrally collect, persistently store, and report on audit data, as well as enable the archiving and restoration of audit data. This paper describes an audit service technology that is included in some IBM products to enhance their auditing capabilities and explains how this audit service can be used to support a company's compliance strategy. Using scenarios as examples, we show how reports provided by one of the products that uses this audit service can be instrumental in demonstrating compliance.
An Algorithm for Locating and Displaying the Intersection of Two Arbitrary Surfaces
Authors: Mark Phillips, Garrett Odell
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1984)

A new method for numerically computing the intersection of implicitly defined surfaces provides the capability to display intersections that are impossible to find analytically.
A Fault-Tolerant Active Pixel Sensor to Correct In-Field Hot-Pixel Defects
Authors: Jozsef Dudas, Michelle L. La Haye, Jenny Leung, Glenn H. Chapman
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2007)

Solid-state image sensors develop in-field defects in all common environments. Experiments have demonstrated the growth of significant quantities of hot-pixel defects that degrade the dynamic range of an image sensor and potentially limit low-light imaging. Existing softwareonly techniques for suppressing hot-pixels are inadequate because these defective pixels saturate at relatively low illumination levels. The redundant Fault-Tolerant Active Pixel Sensor design is suggested to isolate point-like hot-pixel defects. Emulated hot-pixels have been induced in hardware implementations of this pixel architecture and measurements of pixel response indicate that it generates an accurate output signal throughout the sensor's entire dynamic range, even when standard pixels would be otherwise saturated by the hot defect. A correction algorithm repairs the final image by building a simple look-up table of illuminationresponse of a working pixel. In emulated hot-pixels, the true illumination value can be recovered with an error of ±5% under typical conditions.
A new domain-based payment model for emerging mobile commerce scenarios
Authors: Diego Suarez, Joaquin Torres, Mildrey Carbonell, Jesus Tellez
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2007)

Most of the security proposals in m-commerce scenarios have been based on a classical payment model, which basically establishes relationships across domains among customers and merchants by means of business and banking domains. Nevertheless, these security solutions are not sufficiently robust when new components intend to participate in the m-commerce process. From our research, we can identify three emerging factors that could subordinate the design of current and future m-commerce scenarios: enhanced payment cards with networking functionalities, a plethora of infrastructures with constrained connectivity and intermediary entities with multiparty payment functionalities. Consequently, this paper identifies the need for review of the model being used so far in order to guarantee security robustness, and proposes an extended payment model that, among other advantages, allows the study of more effective security solutions.
Anomaly Detection in Concurrent Software by Static Data Flow Analysis
Authors: R. N. Taylor
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1980)

Algorithms are presented for detecting errors and anomalies in programs which use synchronization constructs to implement concurrency. The algorithms employ data flow analysis techniques. First used in compiler object code optimization, the techniques have more recently been used in the detection of variable usage errors in dngle process programs. By adapting these existing algorithms, the sane classes of variable usage errors can be detected in concurrent process programs. Important classes of errors unique to concurrent process programs are also described, and algorithms for their detection are presented.
Automated Information Systems Generation for Process-Oriented Organizations
Authors: Francisco J. Duarte, Ricardo J. Machado, Joao M. Fernandes
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Quality of Information and Communications Technology (2007)

Currently, the development of organizational information systems remains a complex task. Final software product quality often does not match expectations. The existence of organizational models is the first step to reduce complexity in the development of information systems. Within the life cycle of an information system, activities are still very dependent in quality, time, and costs on the human resource skills that staff them. The existence of automated mechanisms to transform client requirements into characteristics of running systems would bring added value to the resulting software product, either in product quality and time perspectives. In this proposal, the manipulation of requirements must be done using an understandable model for both software engineers and business process experts. This model should be used to automatically reshape the running organizational information system and be the basis for an automated information system generation. The usage of such mechanism can be done during a development project, but also after its implementation where standalone process experts could change the organization model, knowing that the changes, in an automated mode, would be transferred into the running system.
Securing Flash Technology
Authors: Helena Handschuh, Elena Trichina
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance in Cryptography (2007)

Flash memory is a type of non-volatile semiconductor memory that can be electrically erased and programmed. It can be found in almost every high-capacity consumer electronic device in the market. Examples of such mass memory products include USB flash drives, digital cameras, mobile handsets, set-top boxes for Pay-TV applications, and many more. Some of them use NAND flash technology and others use NOR flash technology. To put it simply, NAND flash is the most adequate for mass-storage of user data because of its high speed access and because the organization of user data is usually error-tolerant (digital pictures, music) and NOR flash is more adequate for code-type data because of its highly reliable nature and its XIP (execute in place) capability, meaning that a program stored in NOR flash does not need to be transferred to RAM before being executed. When it comes to set-top boxes or handsets, manufacturers and operators are becoming increasingly security concerned. Conditional Access providers do not want to see their operating system and security codes dispatched over the internet and mobile phone operators fear that viruses or Trojan horses will eventually reach the handset platform. Thus new security features start appearing on those types of flash memory devices. Another sector which needs increasing data and program storage capacity is the smart card industry. Current high-end cards have a few hundred kilobytes of embedded ROM and EEPROM memory to hold their operating system and application data when several megabytes would ideally be required. The new high density smart cards will address such requirements in the near future by providing increased on-board storage capacity. The question then becomes how to reach the required security level operators expect for all these new devices
A Novel Approach to Sequential Simulation
Authors: D. Kumar
Venue: IEEE Software (1986)

Traditional simulators require events to be executed chronologically. By departing from this basic convention, a new algorithm promises to speed simulation.
Boundedness of Regular Path Queries in Data Integration Systems
Authors: Gosta Grahne, Alex Thomo
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (2007)

In this paper we study the problem of deciding whether a regular path query over views in data-integration systems can be re-expressed without recursion. The problem becomes challenging when the views contain recursion, thereby potentially making recursion in the query uncessary. We define two related notions of boundedness of regular path queries. For one of the notions we show it PSPACE complete, and obtain a constructive method for optimizing regular path queries in data-integration systems. For the other notion of boundedness, we show it PTIME reducible to the notorius problem of limitedness in distance automata, for which only exponential time algorithms are currently known.
A quantitative model for aviation safety risk assessment
Authors: Huan-Jyh Shyur
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2008)

The objective of this research is to develop an analytic method that uses data on both accident and safety indicators to quantify the aviation risk which are caused by human errors. A specified proportional hazard model considering the baseline hazard function as a quadratic spline function has investigated and demonstrated its applicability in aviation risk assessment. The use of the proposed model allows investigation of non-linear effects of aviation safety factors and flexible assessment of aviation risk. A subset of data gathered from the Fight Safety Management Information System (FSMIS) developed by the office of the Taiwan Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) was applied to accomplish this study. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is a more promising approach with the potential of becoming very useful in practice and leading to further generalization of aviation risk analysis.
Visible Surface Algorithms for Quadric Patches
Authors: R. Mahl
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1972)

This paper describes two algorithms which find the visible portions of surfaces in a picture of a cluster of three-dimensional quadric patches. A quadric patch is a portion of quadric surface defined by a quadratic equation and by zero, one, or several quadratic inequalities. The picture is cut by parallel planes called scan planes. The visibility problem is solved in one scan plane at a time by making a "good guess" as to what is visible according to the visible portions found in the previous scan plane.
Automatic Lung Segmentation in CT Images Using Anisotropic Diffusion and Morphology Operation
Authors: Hye Suk Kim, Hyo-sun Yoon, Kien Nguyen Trung, Guee Sang Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2007)

The preprocessing step of most Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for identifying the lung diseases is lung segmentation. We present a novel lung segmentation technique based on anisotropic diffusion and morphological operation which is performed fast and accurately. The proposed method consists of three steps. At first step, gray image is produced by the input image. And then anisotropic diffusion is preformed to blur the gray image. The second step is that morphological operation is performed to remove the airway and mediastinum and get the right and left lung area. At the third step, the binary image of the right and left lung area obtained in the second step is generated and is matched to the original to segment the lung part. The proposed method eliminates the tasks of finding an optimal threshold and separating the attached left and right lungs .We have applied our new approach on several pulmonary CT images and the results reveal the speed, robustness and accuracy of this method.
Integrating an Array Processor into a Scientific Computing System
Authors: N. Maron
Venue: Computer (1981)

When are array processors cost effective? How do they stack up against the supercomputers? This analysis weighs the many factors involved in answering these questions.
Discrete Continuity of Information System, Knowledge System, and e-Business System
Authors: Jae Young Choi, Ki Joon Choi
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications (2007)

Since information systems are pervasive in the busi-ness and non-business areas, the issue of extending researches on information systems to knowledge sys-tems and e-business systems is one of the most profit-able topics of researches. We propose a historical, discontinuous changes introducing ambiguity in explaining and interpreting innovative nature of three paradigms of systems: information systems, knowledge systems, and e-business systems. Resorting to the historical perspective in developing ideas into meaningful themes, we proposed a discrete continuity in interpreting changes of paradigms of sys-tems. Discrete continuity may be explained by ambigu-ously-shared meaningful perspectives applied to differ-ent paradigms of systems and interpretive elements of each system. The discrete continuity has been adopted to make ambiguity utilized may have instrumental contribution in researches. The engrafted ambiguity in systems design, development, and use could have enduring instrumental value in interpreting the types or variants of systems in each paradigm of systems.
Manufacturing and Control: Putting Agents to Work
Authors: Costin Badica
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2007)

A review of "Agent-Based Manufacturing and Control Systems" by Massimo Paolucci and Roberto Sacile
Foveated gaze-contingent displays for peripheral LOD management, 3D visualization, and stereo imaging
Authors: Andrew T. Duchowski, Arzu Çöltekin
Venue: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) (2007)

Advancements in graphics hardware have allowed development of hardware-accelerated imaging displays. This article reviews techniques for real-time simulation of arbitrary visual fields over still images and video. The goal is to provide the vision sciences and perceptual graphics communities techniques for the investigation of fundamental processes of visual perception. Classic gaze-contingent displays used for these purposes are reviewed and for the first time a pixel shader is introduced for display of a high-resolution window over peripherally degraded stimulus. The pixel shader advances current state-of-the-art by allowing real-time processing of still or streamed images, obviating the need for preprocessing or storage.
The CMU-CAM System
Authors: Andrzej Strojwas
Venue: IEEE Design Test (1986)

In developing a system for computeraided manufacturing of VLSI circuits at Carnegie-Mellon University, we devoted a majoreffort to the computational efficiency of algorithms implemented. The resulting software can be used for a variety of real-lifetasks such as optimal process design, process diagnosis, and process control in commercial fabrication lines?providing anattractive externsion for CAM systems currently being introduced in VLSI fabrication processes.
Cross-Layer Exploitation of MAC Layer Diversity in Wireless Networks
Authors: Min Cao, Vivek Raghunathan, P. Kumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (2006)

The conventional function of the medium access control (MAC) layer in wireless networks is interference management. We showhow the MAC can also be used to mitigate the effect of fading. We begin by providing experimental data to demonstrate thatmultipath fading effects are seen at the MAC layer. These effects appear at timescales on the same order of the IEEE 802.11protocol and therefore, interact negatively with the RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK handshake. We identify two types of MAC diversitiesto jointly combat fading and interference, called multi-receiver diversity and multi-channel diversity respectively, throughcanonical scenarios. In order to harness these MAC layer diversities, we propose a simple dynamic-binding multi-channel MAC(DB-MCMAC) protocol that is backward compatiable with IEEE 802.11. DB-MCMAC exploits MAC diversities by opportunisticallyacquiring the floor for the best receiver on each channel, and dynamically binding data transmissions after the floor hasbeen acquired. We employ a simple continuous time Markov chain model to analyze the expected performance of the DB-MCMAC protocol.A comprehensive performance evaluation of DB-MCMAC using ns-2 shows that it can successfully harness multi-receiver and multi-channelfading and interference diversities to provide considerable improvements over a baseline multi-channel MAC in several situations.