ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Provenance-Aware Tracing ofWorm Break-in and Contaminations: A Process Coloring Approach
Authors: Xuxian Jiang, AAron Walters, Dongyan Xu, Eugene H. Spafford, Florian Buchholz, Yi-Min Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

To investigate the exploitation and contamination by self-propagating Internet worms, a provenance-aware tracing mechanism is highly desirable. Provenance unawareness causes difficulties in fast, accurate identification of a worm's break-in point, and incurs significant log inspection overhead. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of process coloring, an efficient provenance-aware approach to worm break-in and contamination tracing. More specifically, process coloring assigns a "color", a unique system-wide identifier, to each remotely-accessible server or process. The color will then be either inherited by spawned child processes or diffused indirectly through process actions (e.g., read/write operations). Process coloring brings two major advantages: (1) It enables fast color-based identification of a worm's break-in point even before detailed log analysis; (2) It naturally partitions log data based on their colors, effectively reducing the volume of log data that need to be examined for worm investigation. A tamper-resistant log collection method is developed based on the virtual machine introspection technique. Our experiments with a number of real-world worms demonstrate the advantages of processing coloring.
Using STEAM for Thermal Simulation of Storage Systems
Authors: Sudhanva Gurumurthi, Youngjae Kim, Anand Sivasubramaniam
Venue: IEEE Micro (2006)

As demands for higher data transfer rates mount, temperature is joining bandwidth and latency as a key consideration in storage system design. The STEAM simulator lets users abstract the details of low-level recording physics and heat transfer phenomena and facilitates exploration of a large design space of storage configurations under realistic workloads.
The interaction between classification and reject performance for distance-based reject-option classifiers
Authors: Thomas C. W. Landgrebe, David M. J. Tax, Pavel Paclík, Robert P. W. Duin
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2006)

Consider the class of problems in which a target class is well-defined, and an outlier class is ill-defined. In these cases new outlier classes can appear, or the class-conditional distribution of the outlier class itself may be poorly sampled. A strategy to deal with this problem involves a two-stage classifier, in which one stage is designed to perform discrimination between known classes, and the other stage encloses known data to protect against changing conditions. The two stages are, however, interrelated, implying that optimising one may compromise the other. In this paper the relation between the two stages is studied within an ROC analysis framework. We show how the operating characteristics can be used for both model selection, and in aiding in the choice of the reject threshold. An analytic study on a controlled experiment is performed, followed by some experiments on real-world datasets with the distance-based reject-option classifier.
SimFlex: Statistical Sampling of Computer System Simulation
Authors: Thomas F. Wenisch, Roland E. Wunderlich, Michael Ferdman, Anastassia Ailamaki, Babak Falsafi, James C. Hoe
Venue: IEEE Micro (2006)

Timing-accurate full-system multiprocessor simulations can take years because of architecture and application complexity. Statistical sampling makes simulation-based studies feasibly by providing ten-thousand-fold reductions in simulation runtime and enabling thousand-way simulation parallelism.
Similarity measures on three kinds of fuzzy sets
Authors: Chengyi Zhang, Haiyan Fu
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2006)

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) proposed by Atanassov, fuzzy rough sets (FRSs) proposed by Nanda and Majumdar, rough fuzzy sets (RFSs) proposed by Banerjee and Pal, have gained attention from researchers for their applications in various fields. Then similarity measures between three fuzzy sets were developed. In this paper, we first point out: IFSs, FRSs and RFSs are L-fuzzy sets with L being a special fuzzy lattice. At the same time, we suggest some rules which is considered when we give a similarity measure for measuring the degree of similarity between elements and between some fuzzy sets. After that, some existing measures of similarity are reviewed, some examples are applied to show that some existing similarity measures are not always effective in some cases. We propose some new similarity measures for measuring the degree of similarity between three fuzzy sets under an unifying form and between IFSs. Finally, we illustrate the problem in the context of colorectal cancer diagnosis by similarity measure between fuzzy rough sets. Therefore, the proposed similarity measures can provide a useful way for measuring three fuzzy sets more effectively.
Sousveillance and cyborglogs: a 30-year empirical voyage through ethical, legal, and policy issues
Authors: Steve Mann
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2005)

This paper describes the author's own personal experiences, experiments, and lifelong narrative of inventing, designing, building, and living with a variety of body-borne computer-based visual information capture and mediation devices. The emphasis is not just on the devices themselves, but on certain social, privacy, ethical, and legal questions and challenges that have arisen from actual experiences with lifelong video capture, processing, transmission, and dissemination in a variety of different everyday cultural settings over the past 30 years. The most interesting of these accidentally-found questions pertain to: (1) inverse surveillance (body-borne audiovisual and other sensor capture, storage, recall, and processing, known in the research literature as "sousveillance"); and (2) the epistemology of freewill and metaphysics of choice that seems to arise from an apparent reversal of the now pervasive and ubiquitous notion of surveillance.Extrapolating from these lessons, several hypotheses are presented, including: (1) sousveillance, like surveillance, will be driven by rapid development of new technology, leaving legal frameworks lagging behind technology; (2) the growth of sousveillance will accelerate greatly when implementations come with other non-sousveillance uses (e.g., camera phones because of their strategic ambiguity with regard to whether they are being used to take a picture or for just a voice call); (3) legal frameworks will tend to support rather than oppose sousveillance; (4) such legal protections will favor video sousveillance over video surveillance just as they now favor audio sousveillance over audio surveillance; (5) such legal protections will emerge first for the disabled (e.g., the visually impaired); and will then expand to encompass other legitimate and beneficial uses of sousveillance (personal safety, evidence gathering, etc.); (6) a person wishing to do lifelong sousveillance is deserving of certain legal protections liabilizing others who might attempt to disrupt continuity of evidence.
Application of a Statistical Methodology to Simplify Software Quality Metric Models Constructed Using Incomplete Data Samples
Authors: Victor K. Y. Chan, W. Eric Wong, T. F. Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

During the construction of a software metric model, incomplete data often appear in the data sample used for the construction. Moreover, the decision on whether a particular predictor metric should be included is most likely based on an intuitive or experience-based assumption that the predictor metric has an impact on the target metric with a statistical significance. However, this assumption is usually not verifiable "retrospectively" after the model is constructed, leading to redundant predictor metric(s) and/or unnecessary predictor metric complexity. To solve all these problems, the authors have earlier derived a methodology consisting of the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) imputation method, statistical hypothesis testing, and a "goodness-of-fit" criterion. Whilst the methodology has been applied successfully to software effort metric models, it is applied only recently to software quality metric models which usually suffer from far more serious incomplete data. This paper documents the latter application based on a successful case study.
Event-related Brain Potentials Elicited by Morphological, Homographic, Orthographic, and Semantic Priming
Authors: Alberto Dominguez, Manuel De Vega, Horacio Barber
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

The morphological structure of words, in terms of their stem morphemes and affixes, could influence word access and representation in lexical memory. Three experiments were carried out to explore the attributes of event-related potentials evoked by different types of priming. Morphological priming, with pairs of words related by their stem (hijo/hija [ son/ daughter]), produced a sustained attenuation (and even a tendency to positivity) of the N400 shown by unrelated words across the three experiments. Homographic priming (Experiment 1), using pairs of words with a superficially similar stem, but without morphological or semantic relation (foco/foca [floodlight/seal]), produced an initial attenuation similar to the morphological pairs, but which rapidly tended to form a delayed N400, due to the impossibility of integration. However, orthographic priming (rasa/rana [flat/frog]) in Experiment 2 does not produce attenuation of the N400 but an effect similar to that of unrelated pairs. Experiment 3 shows that synonyms advance more slowly than morphological pairs to meaning coherence, but finally produce a more positive peak around 600 msec.
Modeling Uncertainty and its Implications to Sophisticated Control in Tæms Agents
Authors: Thomas A. Wagner, Anita Raja, Victor R. Lesser
Venue: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (2006)

Open environments are characterized by their uncertainty and non-determinism. Agents need to adapt their task processing to available resources, deadlines, the goal criteria specified by the clients as well their current problem solving context in order to survive in these environments. If there were no resource constraints, then an optimal Markov Decision Process based policy would obviously be the best way for complex problem solving agents to make scheduling decisions. However in many agent systems, these scheduling decisions have to be made on-line or in soft real-time, making the off-line policy computationally infeasible in open environments. The hybrid planner/scheduler used to control Task Analysis, Environment Modeling, and Simulation (TÆMS) agents is the Design-to-Criteria (DTC) agent scheduler. Design-to-Criteria scheduling is the soft real-time process of custom building a plan/schedule to meet an agent's current objectives which are expressed as dynamic goal criteria (including real-time deadlines), using task models that describe alternate ways to achieve tasks and subtasks. Recent advances in Design-to-Criteria control include the addition of uncertainty to the TÆMS computational task models analyzed by the scheduler and the incorporation of uncertainty in the scheduling process. As we show, the use of uncertainty in TÆMS and Design-to-Criteria enables agents to make better control decisions in uncertain environments. Design-to-Criteria uses a heuristic approach for on-line scheduling of medium granularity tasks.It approximates the analysis used to generate an optimal policy by heuristically reasoning about the implications of uncertainty in task execution. The addition of uncertainty has also spawned a post-scheduling contingency analysis step for situations in which an agent must produce a result by a given deadline (deadline critical situations) and where the added computational cost is worth the expense. We describe the uncertainty representation in TÆMS and how it improves task models and the scheduling process, and provide empirical examples of reasoning about uncertainty in action. We also evaluate the performance of our heuristic-based approach to agent control using the performance of the policy generated by an optimal controller as the benchmark.
A Canonical Agent Model for Healthcare Applications
Authors: John Fox, David Glasspool, Sanjay Modgil
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

This article is part of a special issue on Intelligent Agents in Healthcare. The authors describe a canonical architecture for an autonomous agent that can single- and multiagent healthcare applications can use. The architecture comprises a set of components whose properties are summarized as a set of software signatures specifying the invariant pre- and post-condition (input-output) pattern of each component. Components interact through shared data structures, which are defined by means of complex data types that specify standard interfaces. This allows, for example, a component with a particular design to be replaced by another with a different design. A first implementation of the model is being validated in a standard multiagent healthcare scenario developed as part of the European Union's ASPIC (Argumentation Services Platform with Integrated Components) project.
Multi-hypothesis intention simulation based agent architecture
Authors: Per M. Gustavsson
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

In the ongoing work with establishing Multi-Hypothesis Intention Simulation Based Agent Architecture the current status is presented. The intended architecture is described along with the Fractal Information Fusion Model. The work with establishing a framework for mapping environmental entities such as fire, wind into the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model and the Coalition battle Management Language will be demonstrated. The current design and implementation of the mechanisms are discussed.
Transport layer approaches for improving idle energy in challenged sensor networks
Authors: Yong Wang, Chieh-Yih Wan, Margaret Martonosi, Li-Shiuan Peh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Challenged networks (2006)

Today, the study of energy efficient networking solutions in sensor networks has been focusing on networks with always-on connectivity between communication end-points and short link delays. However, these assumptions are not true for networks with very long propagation delays such as Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) or networks with intermittent connectivity. In such networks, idle energy expenditure, which includes energy spent on node rendezvous and idle waiting, becomes significant, and renders conventional data transport inefficient.In this work, we leverage characteristics that are unique to such networks, i.e., long-delay tolerability and low duty-cycles, to improve idle energy efficiency. To this end, we propose a staged transport protocol, aDapTN, that adopts a store-and-forward transport paradigm with an asynchronous wakeup scheme. We evaluate the idle energy efficiency of our approach through both analysis and simulation. Our results show that aDapTN achieves much better idle energy efficiency than conventional approaches. The increased latency is a function of parameters for node rendezvous, which can be adjusted depending on the application.
Hybrid optimization algorithm for scheduling decision support
Authors: Petteri Pulkkinen, Tero Hakala, Risto Ritala
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Genetic algorithms are stochastic methods for solving search and optimization problems. Simulated annealing is another stochastic method for finding optimal values numerically without trapping to local minimum or maximum. In this paper a hybrid algorithm that combines the benefits of the both algorithms is presented. The implementation of the hybrid algorithm is presented and tested in the thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) production scheduling, which is a dynamic, combinatorial optimization problem. Due to a high electricity consumption in TMP production, the cost savings of optimal scheduling are up to millions of /a at one production site. The results show that the hybrid algorithm is an improvement when compared to the plain algorithms. However, choosing appropriate parameter settings for the method is a demanding task and essential to the efficiency of the algorithm.
Design of a Cascade Hybrid Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for an Electro-hydraulic Position Servo System
Authors: Hong-Ming Chen, Juhng-Perng Su
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

In this paper, a cascade hybrid fuzzy terminal sliding mode control is proposed to improve the tracking performance of a nonlinear electro-hydraulic position servo system, which can be found in many manufacturing devices. The key feature of the proposed control scheme is that a fuzzy sliding mode control for the mechanical subsystem is obtained good tracking performance. Then, a terminal sliding mode control scheme is derived for the driving electrical subsystem to diminish auxiliary error in finite time. The validity of the proposed control scheme is verified through practical testing on an experimental electrohydraulic positioning device. In the cases of step and sinusoidal command inputs, the experimental results that the proposed control scheme is capable of improving the tracking precision.
Learning with laptops: the impact of one-to-one computing on student attitudes and classroom perceptions
Authors: Chrystalla Mouza
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

This study examined the ways in which two urban elementary school teachers integrated laptops in their instructional practices. It also investigated the impact of laptop integration on students' attitudes and perceptions of the classroom environment compared to control classrooms. Issues under student perceptions included: a) perceived importance of technology; b) computer enjoyment; c) student-teacher and student-student interactions; and d) motivation toward school and learning. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data. Although some evidence indicated that fourth grade laptop students had more positive attitudes toward school than fourth grade non-laptop students, quantitative data did not reveal significant differences among laptop and control students. Qualitative data, however, painted a positive picture of experiences in laptop classrooms. Laptop students perceived computers as important learning tools and consistently used educational applications to perform academic activities. Such activities influenced classroom interactions and created a sense of pride and empowerment among laptop students. These behaviors were not evident among control students.
Analysis of damped vibrations of linear viscoelastic plates with damping modeled with fractional derivatives
Authors: Yu. A. Rossikhin, M. V. Shitikova
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

Damped vibrations of a rectangular viscoelastic plate, whose dynamic behaviour is described by a set of three linear equations in three mutually orthogonal displacements of points of its median surface, are considered. Damping features of the plate are determined by fractional derivatives with respect to time. Viscosity is referred to modal character. The Laplace integral transform method is employed as a method of solution, which is followed by the expansion of the desired functions in series with respect to eigenfunctions of the problem. However, unlike in the traditional approach, when rationalization of a characteristic equation with fractional powers is carried out during the transition from image to preimage, here the nonrationalized characteristic equation is solved by the method suggested by the authors. The solution is obtained in the form of the sum of two terms, one of which governs the drift of the system's equilibrium position and is defined by the quasi-static processes of creep occurring in the system, and the other term describes damped vibrations around the equilibrium position and is determined by the systems's inertia and energy dissipation. The influence of viscosity on the solution is shown, and the time dependence of the plate points displacements is analyzed.
Agent-Based Soft Computing Society Applied in the Research of Reservoir Sedimentary Facies in Oil Fields
Authors: Fuhua Shang, Ruishan Du, Yang Li
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

The type of sedimentary facies in oil fields is a primary factor affecting the performance of the reservoir accumulation. The sedimentary facies research is the indispensable foundation work in process of exploring and developing the oil fields, which is determined by the many kinds of generalized analysis methods such as the geology, the earthquake, the oil well logging and so on. The technology of Agent is a new method that applies the agent-based Hybrid Intelligent Methodology, which is suitable for studying the integrative system. This paper presents a multi-Agent-based soft computing society model by methodology of Gaia, based on the research of Reservoir Sedimentary Facies.
Anchoring discussions in lecture: an approach to collaboratively extending classroom digital media
Authors: Gregory Abowd, Maria da Graça Pimentel, Bolot Kerimbaev, Yoshihide Ishiguro, Mark Guzdial
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

Collaborative environments typically provide a medium for realizing or capturing discussion. While valuable, the discussion is often decontextualized from the situation in which it makes sense. Anchored collaboration environments provide a mechanism for connecting collaboration to digital media content, such as Web-based syllabi and assignment descriptions. The most significant learning context in most classes is still the face-to-face whole class lecture or discussion. The Classroom 2000 project at Georgia Tech is capturing classroom experiences in multiple media: audio, video, presenter's slides, presenter's whiteboard markings, and students' notes. By connecting the Classroom 2000 captured lectures to a persistent collaboration space, we provide (a) a mechanism for asynchronous collaboration that is anchored in class contexts and (b) a means for treating class activity as persistent learning medium for later comment and collaborative extension. This paper describes a pilot study to create a collaborative discussion space anchored in captured classroom lectures.
Finding Consistent Gene Transmission Patterns on Large and Complex Pedigrees
Authors: Matti Pirinen, Dario Gasbarra
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB) (2006)

A heuristic algorithm for finding gene transmission patterns on large and complex pedigrees with partially observed genotype data is proposed. The method can be used to generate an initial point for a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation or to check that the given pedigree and the genotype data are consistent. In small pedigrees, the algorithm is exact by exhaustively enumerating all possibilities, but, in large pedigrees, with a considerable amount of unknown data, only a subset of promising configurations can actually be checked. For that purpose, the configurations are ordered by combining the approximative conditional probability distribution of the unknown genotypes with the information on the relationships between individuals. We also introduce a way to divide the task into subparts, which has been shown to be useful in large pedigrees. The algorithm has been implemented in a program called APE (Allelic Path Explorer) and tested in three different settings with good results.