ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Bayes optimality in classification, feature extraction and shape analysis
Authors: Aleix M. Martinez
Venue:  (2008)

A major goal in pattern recognition algorithms is to achieve the performance of the Bayes optimal rule, i.e. minimum probability in classification error. Unfortunately, we usually can't achieve to this goal, because the original data distributions are unknown. This leaves us with the need to estimate the true, underlying class distributions from samples. This estimation procedure adds classification errors due to two major causes. First, the form of the density function used in our estimate may not correctly define the data. Second, noise and limited data available may generate incorrect estimates. In particular, the first problem usually occurs when the data representations share a common norm (spherical data). Since the estimation of the Gaussian model is much easier than those of spherical models, researchers generally resort to the uses of the former. In this thesis, we show that in some particular cases, which we named spherical-homoscedastic, one can use the Gaussian model and still obtain Bayes optimal classifications. We applied the developed theory to many practical problems including text classification, gene expression analysis and shape analysis. For the analysis of shapes, we introduce the new key concept of rotation in-variant kernels. Here, we derive a criterion to select the parameter of this kernel that make the shape distributions spherical-homoscedastic in the kernel space. The second major problem is addressed by proposing a feature extraction algorithm considering the Bayes optimality of the solution. Similarly to the above classification problem, most of the algorithms defined to date are extracting the classification information depending on some discriminant criteria, rather than the Bayes error itself. This is due to the difficulties associated with calculating the Bayes error. In the second part of this thesis, we design an algorithm that can extract the 1-dimensional subspace where the Bayes error is minimized for homoscedastic (i.e., same covariance) Gaussian distributions. We then extend this algorithm to extract a d-dimensional subspace. Better solutions come at a higher computational cost. To address this problem we propose a linear approximation. The conditions underlying the estimation for Bayes optimal feature extraction are relaxed by using a kernel which maps the original space into one where the data adapts to the homoscedastic model. We demonstrate the practical usages of the proposed algorithms in the classification of images of objects, gene expression sequences, text data and shapes. A detailed analysis is held on classification of a new specimen called LB1.
Board's IQ: What makes a board smart?
Authors: Sibel Somyürek, Bilal Atasoy, Selçuk Özdemir
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

The amount of investment that has been made in interactive whiteboards (IWB) in the Turkish educational system during the past several years is quite striking. This investment is part of a plan to integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) into the Turkish educational system, with the goal of increasing the qualitative and quantitative aspects of schooling. Prior to IWB investments, hundreds of thousands of computers, projectors, and printers were distributed to schools in efforts to raise a generation able to respond to the demands of the 21st century. In addition, 98% of secondary school students and 93% of primary school students were provided with Internet access via ADSL. The aim of this study is to analyze the emerging trend of smart board investment in Turkish primary and secondary schools, with consideration of problems that hinder the effective use of IWBs in classrooms as compared to previous ICT integration efforts by the Ministry of National Education. The research is designed as an evaluative case study. The required data are collected through online questionnaires, teacher and pupil interviews, and document searches from teachers and students from various Turkish primary and secondary schools. It is not surprising that the factors hindering the use of IWBs in education are similar to the inhibiting factors in previous ICT integration projects. The findings show that when the needs for in-service training, digital education materials, support, maintenance, and administration are not addressed, educational ICT is unlikely to deliver the expected results.
CSchema: a downgrading policy language for XML access control
Authors: Dong-Xi Liu
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2007)

The problem of regulating access to XML documents has attracted much attention from both academic and industry communities. In existing approaches, the XML elements specified by access policies are either accessible or inaccessible according to their sensitivity. However, in some cases, the original XML elements are sensitive and inaccessible, but after being processed in some appropriate ways, the results become insensitive and thus accessible. This paper proposes a policy language to accommodate such cases, which can express the downgrading operations on sensitive data in XML documents through explicit calculations on them. The proposed policy language is called calculation-embedded schema (CSchema), which extends the ordinary schema languages with protection type for protecting sensitive data and specifying downgrading operations. CSchema language has a type system to guarantee the type correctness of the embedded calculation expressions and moreover this type system also generates a security view after type checking a CSchema policy. Access policies specified by CSchema are enforced by a validation procedure, which produces the released documents containing only the accessible data by validating the protected documents against CSchema policies. These released documents are then ready to be accessed by, for instance, XML query engines. By incorporating this validation procedure, other XML processing technologies can use CSchema as the access control module.
Autonomous Robots and Agents, 1st edition
Authors: Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Gourab Sen Gupta
Venue: Studies In Computational Intelligence (2007)

Robots and autonomous agents have permeated every aspect of human life. They are not only omnipresent on the shop floors; they have pervaded our homes and are around us everywhere. Design methodologies and implementation techniques of intelligent machines are making progress in leaps and bounds. Smart interaction, cooperation, and pro-activeness are the hallmarks of modern intelligent machines. This book deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects of incorporating intelligence in "Autonomous Robots and Agents". Challenges faced in the real world to accomplish complex tasks, which require collaborative efforts, and methods to overcome them, are detailed. Several informative articles deal with navigation, localization and mapping of mobile robots, a problem that engineers and researchers are grappling with all the time. This edited volume is targeted to present the latest state-of-the-art methodologies in Robotics. It is a compilation of the extended versions of the very best papers selected from the many that were presented at the 3rd International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents (ICARA 2006) which was held at Palmerston North, New Zealand from 11-14 December, 2006. Scientists and engineers who work with mobile robots will find this book very useful and stimulating.
A personalized learning environment
Authors: Sebastian de la Chica, Faisal Ahmad, Qianyi Gu, Ifi Okoye, Keith Maull, Tamara Sumner, Kirsten R. Butcher
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2009)

We report on the current research activities and results obtained through the Concept Learning service for Concept Knowledge (CLICK) and present a demonstration of the system. This poster session will focus on a demonstration of the CLICK system and the results of the learning study
An equilibrium model for the joint FTR/FGR auction market
Authors: Jianlin Yang, Zheng Yan, Wen Jiang
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems (2009)

As an important instrument to hedge against the risk of congestion charges, transmission right has been successfully implemented in practice. There are two basic transmission rights, point-to-point financial transmission right (FTR) and flow-based right (FGR). The equilibrium model for the joint FTR/FGR auction market is established in this paper. Every TR (transmission right) bidder can bid for any portfolio of FTRs and FGRs in this model, and the contingency constraints are also involved in the simultaneous feasible test (SFT). Besides, the analysis for the established model is also presented. The resulting equilibrium model is formulated in terms of a mixed linear complementarity problem, which is converted into the computation of a convex quadratic programming in this paper. The standard PJM-5-bus system is used to illustrate the proposed equilibrium model.
Helping Courseware Authors to Build Ontologies: The Case of TM4L
Authors: Darina Dicheva, Christo Dichev
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work (2007)

The authors of topic map-based learning resources face major difficulties in constructing the underlying ontologies. In this paper we propose two approaches to address this problem. The first one is aimed at automatic construction of a “draft” topic map for the authors to start with. It is based on a set of heuristics for extracting semantic information from HTML documents and transforming it into a topic map format. The second one is aimed at providing help to authors during the topic map creating process by mining the Wikipedia knowledge base. It suggests “standard” names for the new topics (paired with URIs), along with lists of related topics in the considered domain. The proposed approaches are implemented in the educational topic maps editor TM4L.
Enhancing ITS instruction with integrated assessments of learner mood, motivation and gender
Authors: Carole R. Beal, Erin Shaw, Yuan-Chun Chiu, Hyokyeong Lee, Hannes Vilhjalmsson, Lei Qu
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology (2005)

ITS instruction may be enhanced by models of student motivation and mood, in addition to cognitive skills and domain knowledge. In an initial study, self-assessments by high school students of their mathematics motivation and mood showed gender differences in response to ITS instruction, and predicted students' intention to learn from the ITS and use of multimedia help features.
Adaptive intrusion tolerant database systems
Authors: Anthony F. Norcio
Venue:  (2008)

The explosive growth of the Internet and network connections has led to increased opportunities for attackers to access computer systems illegitimately. As with any real world processes, almost every electronic commerce site uses a Database Management System (DBMS) to store and provide access to information. With the increase in attacks, the need to provide security for these DBMS systems has become critical. While several techniques for providing security have been proposed, very limited research has been done on how to survive a set of successful database attacks that can seriously impair the integrity and availability of a database. Most traditional secure systems cannot adjust their behavior after deployment. As a result, they perform very poorly under certain environmental changes, and their trustworthiness can dramatically change from time to time. Therefore, it is important for survivable systems to have the ability to adapt themselves to their environment.Intrusion Tolerant Database System (ITDB) is a new paradigm for secure database systems that can detect intrusions, isolate attacks, contain damage, and access and repair damage caused by intrusions. What makes ITDB superior to conventional secure approaches is that it has an ability to reconfigure. Thus, it can yield much more stabilized levels of trustworthiness under environmental changes. However, the reconfiguration faces the problem of finding the best system configuration because it must choose out of a very large number of configuration sets and under multiple conflicting criteria, which is a NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard) problem.This study focuses on two aspects of addressing adaptation problems in ITDB. First, a rule-based mechanism and neuro-fuzzy technique are proposed to apply to the adaptation model so that ITDB can intelligently reconfigure itself to changing environments and efficiently resolve multiple conflict problems. Second, this study examines the effects of the rule-based adaptive controller (RBAC) and the neuro-fuzzy adaptive controller (NFAC) on the adaptation of ITDB. The purpose of this study is to evaluate which of these techniques can yield higher stabilized levels of trustworthiness, data integrity, and data availability in the face of attacks.
Security policy testing via automated program code generation
Authors: Ting Yu, Dhivya Sivasubramanian, Tao Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research: Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Challenges and Strategies (2009)

Access control is one of the fundamental security mechanisms for information systems. It determines the availability of resources to principals, operations that can be performed, and under what circumstances. Traditionally the enforcement of access control is often hardcoded in applications or systems; such hardcoding makes it hard to verify the correctness of access control and to accommodate changes of security requirements. Recently, access control policies have been increasingly separated from enforcement mechanisms. An access control policy is explicitly specified using certain policy languages with well-defined syntax and semantics. An application then consults the policy during runtime to determine whether an access request from a principal should be allowed or denied. There are two main advantages of this approach. First, security officers can now perform systematic and formal security analysis on access control policies. Second, by separating policies from enforcement mechanisms, it is possible to change policies without affecting the underlying mechanisms, and vice versa.
Distributed Stories Sharing: Wireless Sensor Network Supported Group Learning Game
Authors: Ben Chang, Yi-Shang Lin, Tak-Wai Chan
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies (2007)

Until now desktop, laptop and PDA are the major hardware technology used in establishing digital learning environment, in which the software and hardware design concept in mine is one computer one learner. The information technology design now is adult-oriented, not kid-oriented. Kids have their requirements in using information technologies, but not just with smaller size of monitor, keyboard, mouse and pen. In order to explore kids' requirements, researchers have been trying to use tangible, mobile, and mini-sensor technology to redesign new interfaces for kids in learning. In this study, the authors are trying to use a wireless sensor network technology which is a gesture detection network to construct a face-to-face whole group learning classroom. In the classroom, the entire students are equipped with gesture detection ribbon which can detect the students' gesture in three dimensions. A learning activity, distributed stories sharing, is designed to support this kind of learning environment. In the distributed stories sharing activity, the students are required to complete stories acquisition, stories sharing, stories composition, and peer review tasks by using the gesture detection devices in the classroom.
New Perspectives on HTML, XHTML, and Dynamic HTML: Comprehensive, 4th edition
Authors: Partrick M. Carey
Venue:  (2009)

Part of the New Perspectives Series, this thorough, engaging includes everything readers need to learn to create simple to complex Web sites using HTML, XHTML, and DHTML.
A nodal analysis method for electromechanical behavior simulation of bow-tie shaped microbeams
Authors: Min Li, Qing-An Huang, Wei-Hua Li
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2009)

In order to perform mixed-domain simulation of electrically actuated bow-tie shaped doubly-fixed microbeams, a nodal model for the trapeziform beam and corresponding equivalent circuit are developed by HSPICE. The nonlinearities including mid-plane stretching and electrostatic forcing are considered. In the modeling, the Galerkin residual method is used to discretize the partial differential equations of the trapeziform beam. It proves accurate in comparison with FEA simulation results and available experimental data. In particular, as a lumped behavioral model, it is executed much faster than FEM program. The proposed model could be expected to be useful in the optimum design of related MEMS devices.
MySpace for Dummies
Authors: Ryan Hupfer, Mitch Maxson, Ryan Williams
Venue:  (2007)

Filled with tips and tricks on how to use MySpacefrom setting up a MySpace account to customizing your MySpace profileMySpace for Dummies is your one-stop tutorial on all the ins and outs of the Internets biggest socializing network. This book helps you discover the nuts and bolts of MySpace with simple guidance on how to: Use basic HTML Secure your profile from unwanted contact Join MySpace groups (and start your own) Add songs and videos to your profile Create a MySpace photo album Access MySpace from your cell phone Blog and keep in touch with friends via your account, and much more! Whether youre looking to build connections and make friends, promote your band, or get the word out about your talents, MySpace is the place to connect with people online.
Extending Automatic Parallelization to Optimize High-Level Abstractions for Multicore
Authors: Chunhua Liao, Daniel J. Quinlan, Jeremiah J. Willcock, Thomas Panas
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on OpenMP: Evolving OpenMP in an Age of Extreme Parallelism (2009)

Automatic introduction of OpenMP for sequential applications has attracted significant attention recently because of the proliferation of multicore processors and the simplicity of using OpenMP to express parallelism for shared-memory systems. However, most previous research has only focused on C and Fortran applications operating on primitive data types. C++ applications using high-level abstractions, such as STL containers and complex user-defined types, are largely ignored due to the lack of research compilers that are readily able to recognize high-level object-oriented abstractions and leverage their associated semantics. In this paper, we automatically parallelize C++ applications using ROSE, a multiple-language source-to-source compiler infrastructure which preserves the high-level abstractions and allows us to unambiguously leverage their known semantics. Several representative parallelization candidate kernels are used to explore semantic-aware parallelization strategies for high-level abstractions, combined with extended compiler analyses. Those kernels include an array-based computation loop, a loop with task-level parallelism, and a domain-specific tree traversal. Our work extends the applicability of automatic parallelization to modern applications using high-level abstractions and exposes more opportunities to take advantage of multicore processors.
Diffq- differential backlog congestion control for wireless multi-hop networks
Authors: Injong Rhee
Venue:  (2008)

There has been a recent spur of interest in the use of wireless multi-hop networks especially in the context of a replacement for traditional wired networks in small to medium- sized enterprises. However, as such networks increase in size, data rates, and number of users, it was quickly realized that contemporary congestion control protocols designed for wired networks, especially TCP, do not translate well into the wireless medium. With TCP being so ubiquitous, it was a natural first step to take a top-down approach and identify the problems that plague TCP in such wireless environments. Several key problem areas have been identified; to name a few&ndash;TCP&rsquo;s reliance on losses as a congestion signal, TCP&rsquo;s interaction with wireless routing protocols, TCP&rsquo;s aggressive probing for bandwidth and self-interference between TCP data and ACK packets. As a response to these problems, the research community has proposed several enhancements to TCP, e.g. TCP-FeW [72], TCP-Veno [31], TCP-Westwood [18], TCP-ELFN [45]. Such protocols focus on improving the achievable capacity in such networks. However, as the number of such concurrent TCP flows increase, the focus has now shifted to improving the fairness in such networks. The wireless medium is shared among neighboring nodes; thus bandwidth must be allocated fairly among neighboring flows that do not necessarily share the same link. Protocols like TCP face severe unfairness or even starvation of a large number of flows [36]. A second challenge is the recent interest in exploiting the broadcast feature of wireless networks, leading to the proposal of many creative protocols including opportunistic routing and network coding. These protocols enable the use of many diverse, yet dynamically changing routing paths. Congestion control for these protocols using traditional end-to-end protocols such as TCP may result in too conservative rate control. Inspired by existing theoretical solutions of cross-layer optimization, we propose DiffQ, a protocol for congestion control in wireless multi-hop networks. DiffQ can support congestion control for either single-path or opportunistic multi-path routing. The protocol is currently implemented in Linux 2.6.x and tested in a network of 46 IEEE 802.11 wireless nodes. It is observed that DiffQ greatly improves the efficiency and fairness of existing transport protocols that use application-level multi-path routing and single-path routing.
Robust nonlinear predictive control
Authors: I. I. Siller-Alcalá, J. James-Ponce, R. Alcántara-Ramírez
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS international conference on System science and simulation in engineering (2008)

In this paper, a Robust Generalized Predictive Control with Internal Model for nonlinear systems is presented. The control used is an NCGPC (Nonlinear Continuous Time Generalized Predictive Control) with an open loop observer (a simulated model in parallel) in order to get the states and a regulation model used to account for plant/model mismatch. The main advantages of the new approach are that it does not need a nonlinear observer design; the only measurement required is the output and its robustness.