ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of IT ethical scenarios using a multidimensional scale
Authors: T. Selwyn Ellis, David Griffith
Venue: ACM SIGMIS Database (2000)

Concerns about the increased use and abuse of information technology have evolved into more formalized evaluations of computer ethics in many organizations. While ethical situations regarding computer usage, privacy, and ownership have been previously researched by focusing on ethics as a holistic construct, recent ethics research has produced an ethics scale which measures not one but three dimensions of ethics: moral equity, relativism, and contractualism. The purpose of this research is to extend previous research in which computer users evaluated ethics using a single item. The authors utilize a multidimensional scale that identifies the ethical rule or principle that was violated. They then compare the unidimensional scale to the multidimensional scale and discuss the tradeoffs involved in adding scale items.
Typography on the Web, 1st edition
Authors: Joseph T. Sinclair
Venue:  (1998)

:Now you can publish perfect Web pages using typefaces that you can provide to your Web site visitors. This comprehensive book for webmasters and other Web workers on the new Web typography begins with a few chapters for those who missed Desktop Publishing 101 and quickly moves on to provide the groundwork for understanding the new typesetting and layout enabled by Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), TrueDoc, and font embedding. Two chapters make using CSS easy by featuring hands-on work with CSS as well as a handy reference, and other chapters help you master TrueDoc typesetting and font embedding. The book also explores dozens of ideas for typography using only HTML and covers specialized Web pages such as for NetTV (e.g., WebTV), Java, and cross-media publishing.
Methodology for Assessment of Medical It Based Systems, 1st edition
Authors: J. Brender
Venue:  (1997)

:The book presents a user-oriented metholodogy for formative (technology) assessment at the development of medical IT-based solutions throughout a system's life-cycle, i.e. from the conception of an idea to disposal of the materialised solution. The methodology developed was tried out in a full scale prospective application. Three basic cognitions underpin the entire work: 1) the users of the medical application domain are responsible (and liable) for the level of quality of their service provision within the Healthcare scenario; 2) users are experts at their work (the Healthcare service), and the IT-professionals are not; and 3) introduction of a non-trivial IT-based solution implies re-engineering of the business of the organisation into which it is introduced. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Trouble with Computers: Usefulness, Usability, and Productivity
Authors: Thomas K. Landauer
Venue:  (1996)

:Cutting through a raft of technical data, Thomas Landauer explains and illustrates why computers are in trouble and why massive outlays for computing since 1973 have not resulted in comparable productivity payoffs. He marshals overwhelming evidence that computers rarely improve the efficiency of the information work they are designed for because they are too hard to use and do too little that is sufficiently useful. Landauer proposes that emerging techniques for user-centered development can turn the situation around - through task analysis, iterative design, trial use, and evaluation, computer systems can be made into powerful tools for the service economy.
More Easy Windows 98, 1st edition
Authors: Joe Kraynak
Venue:  (1998)

:More Easy Windows 98 gives you full color, step-by-step solutions to your Windows questions. This book is tightly focused around the needs of new and casual users who enjoy the four color format but want to learn far more about Windows than just the basics. This book is a tremendous resource for users who need to understand and troubleshoot computers more effectively, but prefer to learn visually instead of wading through line after line of exposition. Optimize your system and your software, master the new Active Desktop, and effectively access the World Wide Web, Email, and Newsgroups. Also included is coverage of Win 98 tips, tricks, and shortcuts, as well as how to use Windows 98 on a notebook pc and on a network.
ETEL: a newspaper-based distributed information system
Authors: Michel Banâtre, Valérie Issarny, Frédéric Leleu
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: Systems support for worldwide applications (1996)

The ever-growing number of on-line multimedia services relating to application fields as diverse as commercial, entertainment, and educational fields calls for distributed information systems that help the end-user accessing available services. Most popular information systems, also qualified as resource discovery services, are those provided in the Internet such as the World-Wide Web (Www), which is becoming the dominant Internet Resource [4]. Other systems include those based on the use of private resources, which are aimed at ensuring qualitative access to the information.This paper discusses the design of a new distributed information system, called ETEL (Edition TEL&eacute;matique), that combines the advantages of the above approaches, i.e., we want to provide a system that gives access to a large number of services without sacrificing the services' quality. This paper is structured as follows. The next section outlines approaches to distributed information systems and is followed by an overview of the ETEL system in section 3. Section 4 addresses our work towards ensuring access quality in the ETEL system. Finally, we conclude in section 5, summarizing our work and giving the project status.
Law in a Digital World, 1st edition
Authors: M. Ethan Katsh
Venue:  (1995)

:In Law in a Digital World, M. Ethan Katsh explores how these new technologies will alter one of our most central institutions. He considers the different ways in which people will not only electronically read and write, but also interact with our vast storehouses of legal knowledge and information. He envisions how sounds and pictures will play into the largely imageless print world of law, and looks at the future importance of graphic and non-textual communication. He explores how the flexible, personalized organization of data will transform the way we gather information, and whether information can or cannot be contained, raising questions of copyright and privacy. What happens to the law when information is more plentiful and accessible? What happens to those people who suddenly have access to information never before available? Does the use of information in a new form change the institution, the user, and those who come in contact with the user? And, what role does the lawyer play in all of this? For citizens, for lawyers, for all those who will be part of the digital world rushing toward us, Katsh answers these questions while considering the implications of this new era.
Transient visual cues for scrolling: an empirical study
Authors: Victor Kaptelinin, Timo Mäntylä, Jan Åström
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

The paper reports an empirical study, in which regular scrolling was compared with a novel scrolling technique featuring transient visual cues (TVC), that is, visual cues temporarily presented on a page to help the user locate new contents. An advantage of scrolling supported with TVC over traditional scrolling was found.
Joining separate file systems
Authors: Jon Livesey
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th annual Southeast regional conference (1982)

This paper takes a look at the so-called 'meta-system' approach to Distributed System construction; that is, constructing a distributed system by tieing together existing local operating systems. In particular it looks at some of the file system problems that may be encountered. These problems are simplified if one has the opportunity to rewrite the underlying local operating system (see [Oppen 81], for example], but typically, this is not the case. Since it is impractical to look at all existing local operating systems, I focus on a particular local operating system, Primos, with its overlying user interface, Software Tools, However, this is not to be taken as a comment on these systems; much of what I have to say is probably true of the majority of existing local operating systems.
Autonomy and interdependence: an intermediate position
Authors: Gerald J. Popek
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: Autonomy or interdependence in distributed systems? (1988)

It is suggested that there are distributed system design choices which, for certain environments, permit machines to retain substantial degrees of autonomy while at the same time support the effect of integrated operation. That is, most of the drawbacks to autonomous designs and global control can be avoided while providing most of the advantages that encourage either choice. This point of view is motivated by experiences with the Locus distributed UNIX operating system and its derivative, IBM's AIX TCF.
Low swing dual threshold voltage domino logic
Authors: Volkan Kursun, Eby G. Friedman
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2002)

A low swing domino logic technique is proposed to decrease power consumption without sacrificing noise immunity. With the proposed low swing domino logic circuit technique, active power consumption is reduced by up to 9.4% while improving the noise immunity by 2.6% as compared to standard domino logic circuits. It is also shown that by applying a low swing contention reduction technique, the power savings can be further increased by 6.7% while the delay can be improved by 8.6%. A simple and efficient dual threshold voltage (dual-Vt) circuit technique that incorporates low swing signals is also proposed. It is shown that the proposed dual-Vt technique reduces the standby leakage current by approximately 235 times while offering enhanced delay characteristics as compared to a standard low threshold voltage implementation.
Down with Emacs Lisp: dynamic scope analysis
Authors: Matthias Neubauer, Michael Sperber
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (2001)

It is possible to translate code written in Emacs Lisp or another Lisp dialect which uses dynamic scoping to a more modern programming language with lexical scoping while largely preserving structure and readability of the code. The biggest obstacle to such an idiomatic translation from Emacs Lisp is the translation of dynamic binding into suitable instances of lexical binding: Many binding constructs in real programs in fact exhibit identical behavior under both dynamic and lexical binding. An idiomatic translation needs to detect as many of these binding constructs as possible and convert them into lexical binding constructs in the target language to achieve readability and efficiency of the target code. The basic prerequisite for such an idiomatic translation is thus a dynamic scope analysis which associates variable occurrences with binding constructs. We present such an analysis. It is an application of the Nielson/Nielson framework for flow analysis to a semantics for dynamic binding akin to Moreau's. Its implementation handles a substantial portion of Emacs Lisp, has been applied to realistic Emacs Lisp code, and is highly accurate and reasonably efficient in practice.
C++ for Real Programmers, 2nd edition
Authors: Jeff Alger
Venue:  (2000)

:C++ For Real Programmers bridges the gap between C++ as described in beginner and intermediate-level books and C++ as it is practiced by experts. Numerous valuable techniques are described, organized into three simple themes: indirection, class hierarchies, and memory management. It also provides indepth coverage of template creation, exception handling, pointers and optimization techniques. The focus of the book is on ANSI C++ and so is compiler independent. C++ For Real Programmers is a revision of Secrets of the C++ Masters and includes a new appendix comparing C++ with Java. The book comes with a 3.5" disk for Windows with source code.
Communication overlap in multi-tier parallel algorithms
Authors: Scott B. Baden, Stephen J. Fink
Venue: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (CDROM) (1998)

Hierarchically organized multicomputers such as SMP clusters offer new opportunities and new challenges for high-performance computation, but realizing their full potential remains a formidable task. We present a hierarchical model of communication targeted to block-structured, bulk-synchronous applications running on dedicated clusters of symmetric multiprocessors. Our model supports node-level rather processor-level communication as the fundamental operation, and is optimized for aggregate patterns of regular section moves rather than point-to-point messages. These two capabilities work synergistically. They provide flexibility in overlapping communication and overcome deficiencies in the underlying communication layer on systems where inter-node communication bandwidth is at a premium. We have implemented our communication model in the KeLP2.0 run time library. We present empirical results for five applications running on a cluster of Digital AlphaServer 2100's. Four of the applications were able to overlap communication on a system which does not support overlap via non-blocking message passing using MPI. Overall performance improvements due to our overlap strategy ranged from 12% to 28%.
Ps2 Games: Preview Guide
Authors: Brady Games
Venue:  (2000)

:Find out what you need to know about the games and the system with this guide! BradyGames PlayStation 2 Preview Guide includes coverage of the hottest launch titles. See what games are next in line for the new generation of console gaming. System data that details the hardware and extras.
Microsoft Access/Visual Basic Step by Step
Authors: Evan Callahan
Venue:  (1995)

:Learn to build personalized and customized Microsoft Access solutions the easy way with MICROSOFT ACCESS/VISUAL BASIC STEP BY STEP. Includes 15 self-paced lessons with disk-based practice files so you can learn at your own pace. Experience Level: Beginner/ Intermediate
The Intranet Resource Kit, 1st edition
Authors: Prakash Ambegaonkar
Venue:  (1996)

:No other Intranet book comes even close to this gem of a handbook from the Intranet experts at Frontier Technologies. Not only is it loaded with tips, techniques, and shortcuts, it also features a ready-to-use version of Frontier Technologies' Intranet Genie software on CD - giving you everything you need to go from concept to blueprint to fully working Intranet in one complete package! With this powerful book/CD combination, you'll learn step-by-step how to create a versatile, scalable, and affordable Intranet. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The Official Computer Bowl Trivia Book, 1st edition
Authors: Christopher Morgan
Venue:  (1996)

:The Computer Bowl, an annual, nationally televised contest of computer smarts between teams of industry leaders (Bill Gates and Mitch Kapor have been among the competitors), has become one of the major events of the year for millions of computer fans. The Official Computer Bowl Trivia Book challenges readers with questions asked in the first six Computer Bowls, along with hundreds of additional questions that weren't used on the air. They range from the lighthearted (What did computer pioneer Alan Turing bury in his backyard during World War II, and why?) to the tough-techie (How long would it take to send the Encyclopaedia Britannica over a 2-gigabit fiber-optic cable?), and are grouped in a such categories as "Computers in the Media," "Fun and Games," and "People in Computing."
Electronic Resumes: A Complete Guide to Putting Your Resume on-Line
Authors: James C. Gonyea
Venue:  (1996)

:The Internet and commercial on-line services are the fastest growing employment marketplace in the world with millions of resumes currently on-line. Thousands of companies and headhunters now recruit exclusively on-line because it's faster, cheaper, and global. With this first-of-its-kind book/disk package, you can with fill-in-the-blank ease create and post your resume on-line to successfully compete in today's job market. The enclosed Windows software programs are suitable for all job seekers - college graduates, mid-life career changers, and top executives. Creating and posting an electronic on-line resume is explained in simple, step-by-step, non-technical terms. Use one software program to create an electronic resume for posting on-line in searchable databases, and a second to create a multimedia resume with text and graphics for distribution via E-mail, file transfer, or on disk.
Designing TCP-IP Internetworks, 1st edition
Authors: Geoff Bennett
Venue:  (1994)

:This groundbreaking reference book offers practical strategies for developing large-scale networks using TCP/IP protocols-the technology upon which the massive Internet is built. It includes in-depth discussions of basic issues such as network administration and management, as well as more complex concepts such as hybrid bridge/router internetworks and incorporating SNA networks. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on designing for high performance, resilience, and security. Tutorials are included on diskettes. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Featherweight Java: a minimal core calculus for Java and GJ
Authors: Atsushi Igarashi, Benjamin C. Pierce, Philip Wadler
Venue: ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) (2001)

Several recent studies have introduced lightweight versions of Java: reduced languages in which complex features like threads and reflection are dropped to enable rigorous arguments about key properties such as type safety. We carry this process a step further, omitting almost all features of the full language (including interfaces and even assignment) to obtain a small calculus, Featherweight Java, for which rigorous proofs are not only possible but easy. Featherweight Java bears a similar relation to Java as the lambda-calculus does to languages such as ML and Haskell. It offers a similar computational "feel," providing classes, methods, fields, inheritance, and dynamic typecasts with a semantics closely following Java's. A proof of type safety for Featherweight Java thus illustrates many of the interesting features of a safety proof for the full language, while remaining pleasingly compact. The minimal syntax, typing rules, and operational semantics of Featherweight Java make it a handy tool for studying the consequences of extensions and variations. As an illustration of its utility in this regard, we extend Featherweight Java with generic classes in the style of GJ (Bracha, Odersky, Stoutamire, and Wadler) and give a detailed proof of type safety. The extended system formalizes for the first time some of the key features of GJ.
The impact of multicast layering on network fairness
Authors: Dan Rubenstein, Jim Kurose, Don Towsley
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2002)

Many definitions of fairness for multicast networks assume that sessions are single rate, requiring that each multicast session transmits data to all of its receivers at the same rate. These definitions do not account for multirate approaches, such as layering, that permit receiving rates within a session to be chosen independently. We identify four desirable fairness properties for multicast networks, derived from properties that hold within the max-min fair allocations of unicast networks. We extend the definition of multicast max-min fairness to networks that contain multirate sessions, and show that all four fairness properties hold in a multirate max-min fair allocation, but need not hold in a single-rate max-min fair allocation. We then show that multirate max-min fair rate allocations can be achieved via intra-session coordinated joins and leaves of multicast groups. However, in the absence of coordination, the resulting max-min fair rate allocation uses link bandwidth inefficiently, and does not exhibit some of the desirable fairness properties. We evaluate this inefficiency for several layered multirate congestion control schemes, and find that, in a protocol where the sender coordinates joins, this inefficiency has minimal impact on desirable fairness properties. Our results indicate that sender-coordinated layered protocols show promise for achieving desirable fairness properties for allocations in large-scale multicast networks.
Hybrid-system simulation for National Airspace System safety analysis
Authors: Amy R. Pritchett, Seungman Lee, David Huang, David Goldsman
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd conference on Winter simulation (2000)

Analysis of large, complex systems requires simulations of hybrid-system dynamics, i.e., dynamics which are best described by a combination of continuous-time and discrete-event models, and their interactions. To serve as valuable research tools, such simulations need also be computationally efficient, readily modifiable, and open to a wide range of component modules. This paper describes the development of a simulation architecture meeting these criteria. The issues with its development are described conceptually, and its application to the task of safety analysis of the national airspace system is discussed. In particular, an object-oriented approach to hybrid-system simulation is detailed, and computationally efficient methods of updating the simulation are described and compared.
Efficient implementation of a complex &plusmn;1 multiplier
Authors: Boris D. Andreev, Eby G. Friedman, Edward L. Titlebaum
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2002)

A complex &plusmn;1 multiplier is an integral element in modern CDMA communication systems, specifically as a pseudonoise code scrambler/descrambler. Therefore, an efficient implementation is essential to reduce the critical path delay, power, and area of wireless receivers. A new architecture is proposed to achieve this complex multiplier function. Tradeoffs and design solutions as well as the interface with subsequent arithmetic circuits are discussed. Simulations exhibit a significant speed improvement as compared to alternative architectures. These results are also applicable to other arithmetic circuits.