ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Energy reduction through crosstalk avoidance coding in networks on chip
Authors: Partha Pratim Pande, Amlan Ganguly, Haibo Zhu, Cristian Grecu
Venue: Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal (2008)

Commercial designs are currently integrating from 10 to 100 embedded processors in a single system on chip (SoC) and the number is likely to increase significantly in the near future. With this ever increasing degree of integration, design of communication architectures for large, multi-core SoCs is a challenge. Traditional bus-based systems will no longer be able to meet the clock cycle requirements of these big SoCs. Instead, the communication requirements of these large multi processor SoCs (MP-SoCs) are convened by the emerging network-on-chip (NoC) paradigm. Crosstalk between adjacent wires is an important signal integrity issue in NoC communication fabrics and it can cause timing violations and extra energy dissipation. Crosstalk avoidance codes (CACs) can be used to improve the signal integrity by reducing the effective coupling capacitance, lowering the energy dissipation of wire segments. As NoCs are built on packet-switching, it is advantageous to modify data packets by including coded bits to protect against the negative effects of crosstalk. By incorporating crosstalk avoidance coding in NoC data streams and organizing the CAC-encoded data packets in an efficient manner, so that total number of encoding/decoding operations can be reduced over the communication channel, we are able to achieve lower communication energy, which in turn will help to decrease the overall energy dissipation.
On the construction of small fully testable circuits with low depth
Authors: Görschwin Fey, Anna Bernasconi, Valentina Ciriani, Rolf Drechsler
Venue: Microprocessors Microsystems (2008)

Compact area, low delay and good testability properties are important optimization goals in the synthesis of circuits for Boolean functions. Unfortunately, these goals typically contradict each other. Multi-level circuits are often quite small but can have a long delay, due to their unbounded number of levels. On the other hand, circuits with low depth guarantee low delay but are often larger regarding the area requirements. A different optimization goal is good testability which can usually only be achieved by additional hardware overhead. In this paper we propose a synthesis technique that allows to trade-off between area and delay. Moreover, the resulting circuits are 100% testable under the stuck-at fault model. The proposed approach relies on the combination of 100% testable circuits derived from binary decision diagrams and 2-SPP networks. Full testability under the stuck-at fault model is proven and experimental results show the trade-off between area and depth.
Look who's talking: Emergent evidence for discriminating between differences in listserv participation
Authors: Alex Pomson
Venue: Education and Information Technologies (2008)

This paper reports findings from a study of LookJed, the oldest and largest on-line forum for Computer Mediated Discussion among individuals interested in Jewish education. The study adopted a "cyber-ethnographic" approach, with postings to the forum seen as "acts of communication" that reveal what is important to their authors. An interest in exploring similarities between forum conversations and those in teachers' lounges led to an investigation of Herring's claim that most listservs do not include discussion at all, only the trading of information. This investigation found that active forum participants generally use the forum for discrete purposes, most commonly to exchange information about "subject matter" or "teaching material", less commonly to exchange opinions and ideas, and rarely to do both. Integrating an analysis of patterns of contribution with an examination of their discursive content reveals six preeminent "types" among the population of contributors, each of whom participates in the forum in different ways and acts with different purposes. Although this typology is at best suggestive and needs to be tested against other listserv cases, its easy identification suggests that in order to better understand the cultures of virtual forums, it is important to pursue a more variegated characterization of listserv participants and their motivations than has typically been the case in CMD research where users are most frequently identified as either lurkers or fanatics, or as active or passive participants.
Are Social Networking Sites Growing Up?
Authors: Greg Goth
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2008)

Researchers and developers are finding great opportunities in youth-oriented social networking sites, but legal and privacy issues are emerging as the platforms expand.
Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Marco Carvalho
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2008)

One of the most critical roles security researchers have is keeping up with new technologies and considering the security implications that go along with them—essentially, ensuring that security is "baked in" to new ideas from the earliest possible moment. Because of this, researchers have had significant interest in the field of mobile ad hoc networks (Manets). Such networks are frequently viewed as a key communications technology enabler for network-centric warfare and disaster relief operations, and as the technology matures, Manets are increasingly reaching many other applications in areas such as intelligent transportation systems and fault-tolerant mobile sensor grids. Manets can operate in isolation or in coordination with a wired infrastructure, often through a gateway node participating in both networks for traffic relay. This flexibility, along with their self-organizing capabilities, are some of Manet's biggest strengths, as well as their biggest security weaknesses.
User Knowledge Requirement Model and its Hybrid Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lei, Xia Shixiong, Ding Shifei, Zhou Yong, Ding Qiulin
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

How to describe knowledge requirement of the user engaged in work and its change is a critical problem in knowledge management. User knowledge requirement model is proposed by combining business process with personalization in the paper. Key factors and their relation of the user knowledge requirement are described in user knowledge requirement model. User knowledge hybrid evolution algorithm which includes the user knowledge real-time evolution algorithm and the user knowledge phase evolution algorithm is given. The change of user knowledge after he read recommended knowledge sources is processed by user knowledge real-time evolution algorithm. User knowledge forgetting is reflected by user knowledge phase evolution algorithm. The method is confirmed through an application case.
Functional splines with different degrees of smoothness and their applications
Authors: Chun-Gang Zhu, Ren-Hong Wang, Xiquan Shi, Fengshan Liu
Venue: Computer-Aided Design (2008)

Implicit curves and surfaces are extensively used in interpolation, approximation and blending. [Li J, Hoschek J, Hartmann E. G^n^-^1-functional splines for interpolation and approximation of curves, surfaces and solids. Computer Aided Geometric Design 1990;7:209-20] presented a functional method for constructing G^n^-^1 curves and surfaces which are called functional splines. In this paper, functional splines with different degrees of smoothness are presented and applied to some typical problems.
Intelligent user assistance for cost effective usage of mobile phone
Authors: Deepak P, Anuradha Bhamidipaty, Swati Challa
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2008)

Cost is the governing factor which defines the penetration and adoption of mobile phones in lower strata (lower income group) of the society particularly in developing countries like India. In this paper we describe an enhancement to the mobile phone design which interacts with the user to facilitate cost-conscious usage of the mobile phone. In particular, we propose an intelligent component in the mobile phone which tracks mobile usage pattern and informs the user of deviations in usage and suggests means of using the device cost effectively.
Optimization of energy confinement in the 1/ν regime for stellarators
Authors: B. Seiwald, S. V. Kasilov, W. Kernbichler, V. N. Kalyuzhnyj, V. V. Nemov, V. Tribaldos, J. A. Jiménez
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2008)

A set of powerful tools has been developed in the last years for the design of new stellarator devices. These codes, usually working in magnetic co-ordinates, comprise minimization of neoclassical transport, maximizing equilibrium and stability properties, etc. However, for certain conditions the stellarator magnetic field can be originally obtained in the real space coordinates and there is no necessity in its transformation to magnetic coordinates. Here a procedure working in real space co-ordinates is presented for maximizing the plasma energy content, based on reducing the most unfavorable, 1/@n, neoclassical transport. This tool is especially useful for existing stellarator devices which are not fully optimized with respect to neoclassical transport. Preliminary results for the ''heliac-type'' stellarator TJ-II are presented showing a configuration with almost twice the stored energy of the standard TJ-II configuration.
Blind source separation using Wold decomposition and second order statistics
Authors: Masoud Reza Aghabozorgi
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2005)

The separation of unobserved sources from mixed observed data is a fundamental signal processing problem. Most proposed techniques for solving this problem rely on independence or at least uncorrelation assumption of source signals. This paper introduces a novel technique for cases that source signals are correlated with each other. The method uses Wold decomposition principle for extracting desired and proper information from the predictable part of the observed data, and exploits approaches based on second-order statistics to estimate the mixing matrix and source signals. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
Implementing function spreadsheets
Authors: Peter Sestoft
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering (2008)

A large amount of end-user development is done with spreadsheets. The spreadsheet metaphor is attractive because it is visual and accommodates interactive experimentation, but as observed by Peyton Jones, Blackwell and Burnett, the spreadsheet metaphor does not admit even the most basic abstraction: that of turning an expression into a named function. Hence they proposed a way to define a function in terms of a worksheet with designated input and output cells; we shall call it a function sheet. The goal of our work is to develop implementations of function sheets and study their application to realistic examples. Therefore, we are also developing a simple yet comprehensive spreadsheet core implementation for experimentation with this technology. Here we report briefly on our experiments with function sheets as well as other uses of our spreadsheet core implementation.
Improving the persistence of first-year undergraduate women in computer science
Authors: Rita Manco Powell
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2008)

This paper describes a study of undergraduate women's retention in the first-year of the computer science major at the University of Pennsylvania for the purpose of identifying the underlying issues responsible for attrition. The subsequent steps taken by the faculty to improve women's retention is also discussed.
Dirichlet component analysis: feature extraction for compositional data
Authors: Hua-Yan Wang, Qiang Yang, Hong Qin, Hongbin Zha
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (2008)

We consider feature extraction (dimensionality reduction) for compositional data, where the data vectors are constrained to be positive and constant-sum. In real-world problems, the data components (variables) usually have complicated "correlations" while their total number is huge. Such scenario demands feature extraction. That is, we shall de-correlate the components and reduce their dimensionality. Traditional techniques such as the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) are not suitable for these problems due to unique statistical properties and the need to satisfy the constraints in compositional data. This paper presents a novel approach to feature extraction for compositional data. Our method first identifies a family of dimensionality reduction projections that preserve all relevant constraints, and then finds the optimal projection that maximizes the estimated Dirichlet precision on projected data. It reduces the compositional data to a given lower dimensionality while the components in the lower-dimensional space are de-correlated as much as possible. We develop theoretical foundation of our approach, and validate its effectiveness on some synthetic and real-world datasets.
Innovation of Future Education in Taiwan: Enjoy Learning with Mobile Learning Technology
Authors: Chiao-Yu Chang, Chiu-Pin Lin, Yi-Chen Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Wireless, Mobile, and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2008)

As the instructor, I expect the ideal classroom where the students in class are engaged with mobile computing devices to enhance learning. The characteristics of these learning situations comprise of mobile technologies and learning content designs. This research adopts Tablet PC and Group Scribble (GS) learning tool to study the potential of our proposed system and to explore new effective learning scenarios and classroom activities supported by mobile devices. There are different forms of traditional learning environment focusing on portability, mobility, personality and interaction. We try hard to improve traditional English curriculum, understand the situation of student’s collaborative learning and specific language comprehension immediately. Creative activities and integrative teaching strategies, the future educational innovation will be realized. The essential of this research determines on promoting the learning motivation and raise the ability of language construction.
Analytics for audit and business controls in corporate travel & entertainment
Authors: Vijay Iyengar, Ioana Boier, Karen Kelley, Raymond Curatolo
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth Australasian conference on Data mining and analytics - Volume 70 (2007)

Travel and Entertainment (T&E) expenses are under increasing scrutiny as one of the largest controllable indirect expenses in a firm. This involves internal audits and analysis by business controls personnel to identify fraud and misuse and to take appropriate corrective actions. We have developed a set of statistical models to identify suspicious behavior for further investigation. Our Behavioral Shift Models (BSM) leverage domain knowledge in the form of simple, generic templates that represent classes of fraud and abuse. The emphasis is on robustly detecting repeated, out-of-the-norm behaviors as opposed to single instance occurrences. In this paper, we describe the application of these models and characterize their detection capabilities empirically. We also present validated results and insights generated by our approach when applied to production data from multiple firms for several T&E scenarios.
Massive Media Shift
Authors: Michael van Lent
Venue: Computer (2008)

The days of physical entertainment media may well be numbered.
Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Venue: Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (2008)

Welcome to the proceedings of the NPAR 2008 symposium. Once again, this symposium is held during the International Animated Film Festival in Annecy, France, June 9-11, 2008. The co-location with the film festival is a unique opportunity for dialogue between diverse communities that share an interest for new forms of visual communication. It is our hope that NPAR can serve as a forum for discussing the specific needs of the animation industry, thereby providing relevant topics for the research community, as well as presenting new, state-of-the art techniques for animation practitioners to pick up and put to creative use. The research papers presented in this volume were selected from 27 submissions, after a careful evaluation by the program committee. Each paper was reviewed by at least three different members of the committee, before a round of electronic discussion. Most papers were then revised to take into account the comments and suggestions from the program committee.
Location-Based Spatial Query Processing in Wireless Broadcast Environments
Authors: Wei-Shinn Ku, Roger Zimmermann, Haixun Wang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2008)

Location-based spatial queries (LBSQs) refer to spatial queries whose answers rely on the location of the inquirer. Efficient processing of LBSQs is of critical importance with the ever-increasing deployment and use of mobile technologies. We show that LBSQs have certain unique characteristics that traditional spatial query processing in centralized databases does not address. For example, a significant challenge is presented by wireless broadcasting environments, which have excellent scalability but often exhibit high-latency database access. In this paper, we present a novel query processing technique that, while maintaining high scalability and accuracy, manages to reduce the latency considerably in answering location-based spatial queries. Our approach is based on peer-topeer sharing, which enables us to process queries without delay at a mobile host by using query results cached in its neighboring mobile peers. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a probabilistic analysis, and we illustrate the appeal of our technique through extensive simulation results.
Posterior probabilistic clustering using NMF
Authors: Chris Ding, Tao Li, Dijun Luo, Wei Peng
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

We introduce the posterior probabilistic clustering (PPC), which provides a rigorous posterior probability interpretation for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and removes the uncertainty in clustering assignment. Furthermore, PPC is closely related to probabilistic latent semantic indexing (PLSI).
On the exact learning of formulas in parallel
Authors: N. H. Bshouty, R. Cleve
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1992)

The authors investigate the parallel complexity of learning formulas from membership and equivalence queries. They consider a number of learning problems that can be solved sequentially in polynomial time. They prove some upper and lower bounds on the number of parallel steps required to solve these problems with a polynomial number of processors.
A nanoimprint lithography for fabricating SU-8 gratings for near-infrared to deep-UV application
Authors: Shen-Qi Xie, Jing Wan, Bing-Rui Lu, Yan Sun, Yifang Chen, Xin-Ping Qu, Ran Liu
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

We demonstrate the nanofabrication of the transmission SU-8 gratings with periods from 200nm (5000lines/mm) to 1@mm (1000lines/mm) with different trench depths for applications from near-infrared to deep-UV wavelength. The imprint property of SU-8 under various pressures and temperatures was systematically studied and agreed well with the simulation results. The effects of trench depth on diffraction intensity profiles were simulated and results show periodic diffraction orders with varying intensity distributions, which is in good accordance with the results from optical measurements. The high optical transmittance of SU-8 in the visible range and its low volume shrinkage coefficient make the developed process an ideal candidate for high-volume manufacturing of various gratings at low cost.
An Efficient Scan Chain Diagnosis Method Using a New Symbolic Simulation
Authors: Sunghoon Chun, Taejin Kim, Yongjoon Kim, Sungho Kang
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (2008)

Locating the scan chain faults is very important for dedicated IC manufacturers to guide the failure analysis process for yield improvement. In this paper, we propose a new symbolic simulation based scan chain diagnosis method to solve the scan chain diagnosis resolution problem as well as the multiple faults problem. The proposed method uses a new symbolic simulation with the faulty probabilities of a set of candidate faulty scan cells in a bounded range and to analyze the effects caused by faulty scan cells in good scan chains. In addition, we use the faulty information in good scan chains that are not contaminated by the faults while unloading scan out responses. In addition, a new score matching method is proposed to effectively handle multiple faults and to improve the diagnostic resolution by ranking the candidate scan cells in the candidate list. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CAMPUS NEWS: an intelligent Bluetooth-based mobile information network
Authors: Markus Maron, Kevin Read
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

In this paper we describe a network for distributing personalized Information in a metropolitan area. We discuss the system architecture of our Bluetooth-based information system as well as the novel reasoning process that fits users' needs with potential messages. We furthermore present our findings on parallelizing Bluetooth connection setup and performance.
The ethics of robot servitude
Authors: Stephen Petersen
Venue: Journal of Experimental Theoretical Artificial Intelligence (2007)

Assume we could someday create artificial creatures with intelligence comparable to our own. Could it be ethical use them as unpaid labor? There is very little philosophical literature on this topic, but the consensus so far has been that such robot servitude would merely be a new form of slavery. Against this consensus I defend the permissibility of robot servitude, and in particular the controversial case of designing robots so that they want to serve (more or less particular) human ends. A typical objection to this case draws an analogy to the genetic engineering of humans: if designing eager robot servants is permissible, it should also be permissible to design eager human servants. Few ethical views can easily explain even the wrongness of such human engineering, however, and those few explanations that are available break the analogy with engineering robots. The case turns out to be illustrative of profound problems in the field of population ethics.
A 3-V digital-audio sigma-delta modulator in 0.35-µm CMOS
Authors: Ehsanollah Fathi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Electronics, Control and Signal Processing (2003)

This paper presents the design of a second-order sigma-delta modulator for digital-audio applications. The modulator has bee designed at 3V power supply with oversampling ratio of 256 and simulated in a 0.35µm CMOS technology. The simulated results give SNDR of 94.52 dB for a 25 KHz signal bandwidth. The sampling frequency is 12.8MHz and the Nyquist rate of the modulator is 50 KHz.