ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The implementation of an extensible system for comparison and visualization of class ordering methodologies
Authors: Nicholas A. Kraft, Errol L. Lloyd, Brian A. Malloy, Peter J. Clarke
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2006)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a system that exploits well-known design patterns to facilitate construction of an extensible system for comparison and visualization of ordering methodologies for class-based testing of C++ applications. Using our implementation, we present a comparative study and evaluation of two advanced ordering methodologies: the edge based approach by Briand et al., and the Class Ordering System (COS) introduced in this paper. We compare two variations of the approach by Briand and three variations of the COS system and draw conclusions about the number of edges removed, and therefore the number of stubs that must be constructed, using each approach. We also compare the run-time efficiency of each approach and raise some interesting questions about edge type considerations for removal in the presence of cycles in the ORD. Using the design patterns together with the dot tool from the Graphviz package, we incorporate visualization of the ORD and the edge removals into our system. We present details and graphical visualization of the edge removal process.
High-speed Processing by Autonomous Decentralized Architecture and Decentralized Algorithm in a Wired-and-Wireless Integrated IC Card Ticket System
Authors: Akio Shiibashi, Kotaro Hama, Kinji Mori
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

Automatic Fare Collection Systems (AFCSs) require high speed and high reliability. The automatic fare collection gates (AFCGs) must let the passengers pass as quickly as possible because the congested passengers rush to them during rush hours. High-speed processing on wireless communications lowers reliability. It had been a problem when East Japan Railway Company was developing a wireless IC card ticket system. "Autonomous Decentralized Processing Technology" and "Decentralized Algorithm on the Fare Calculations with an IC Card and AFCGs" were designed as the solutions. This paper introduces the two modelsthe decentralized process and the centralized oneto simulate the performances and shows the satisfactory results on the decentralized one. These technologies are implemented to the practical "Suica" system and have proven the effectiveness.
Probing the Prerequisites for Motion Blindness
Authors: Michael Niedeggen, Guido Hesselmann, Arash Sahraie, Maarten Milders, Colin Blakemore
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Neurobiological studies of visual awareness usually focus on the neural events elicited by perceived or nonperceived stimuli but neglect the preexisting conditions that allow (or prevent) conscious perception. We have examined the conditions that lead to temporary motion blindness in a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, in which subjects have to detect coherent motion in the peripheral stream after a cue (a red fixation point) in the central stream. The failure of awareness depends critically on the occurrence of similar coherent motion events (probes) before the cue. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to track the processing of motion distractors, which determine the prerequisites for this transient deficit. Analysis of motion-evoked responses revealed that there is no progressive reduction in sensitivity in early visual processing. There is, however, a progressive increase in amplitude of a negative wave over the frontal cortex at approximately 250 msec after motion onset and a corresponding reduction of a centro-parietal positivity at approximately 350 msec with an increasing number of distractors. We propose that these nonsensory ERP components reflect a postperceptual frontal gating mechanism that controls the access of visual stimuli to higher order evaluation and conscious detection.
IPsec Virtual Private Network Fundamentals
Authors: James Henry Carmouche
Venue:  (2006)

An introduction to designing and configuring Cisco IPsec VPNs Understand the basics of the IPsec protocol and learn implementation best practices Study up-to-date IPsec design, incorporating current Cisco innovations in the security and VPN marketplace Learn how to avoid common pitfalls related to IPsec deployment Reinforce theory with case studies, configuration examples showing how IPsec maps to real-world solutionsIPsec Virtual Private Network Fundamentals provides a basic working knowledge of IPsec on various Cisco routing and switching platforms. It provides the foundation necessary to understand the different components of Cisco IPsec implementation and how it can be successfully implemented in a variety of network topologies and markets (service provider, enterprise, financial, government). This book views IPsec as an emerging requirement in most major vertical markets, explaining the need for increased information authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation for secure transmission of confidential data. The book is written using a layered approach, starting with basic explanations of why IPsec was developed and the types of organizations relying on IPsec to secure data transmissions. It then outlines the basic IPsec/ISAKMP fundamentals that were developed to meet demand for secure data transmission. The book covers the design and implementation of IPsec VPN architectures using an array of Cisco products, starting with basic concepts and proceeding to more advanced topics including high availability solutions and public key infrastructure (PKI). Sample topology diagrams and configuration examples are provided in each chapter to reinforce the fundamentals expressed in text and to assist readers in translating concepts into practical deployment scenarios. Additionally, comprehensive case studies are incorporated throughout to map topics to real-world solutions.
White Matter Changes Compromise Prefrontal Cortex Function in Healthy Elderly Individuals
Authors: Christine Wu Nordahl, Charan Ranganath, Andrew P. Yonelinas, Charles Decarli, Evan Fletcher, William J. Jagust
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2006)

Changes in memory function in elderly individuals are often attributed to dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). One mechanism for this dysfunction may be disruption of white matter tracts that connect the PFC with its anatomical targets. Here, we tested the hypothesis that white matter degeneration is associated with reduced prefrontal activation. We used white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding associated with cerebrovascular disease in elderly individuals, as a marker for white matter degeneration. Specifically, we used structural MRI to quantify the extent of WMH in a group of cognitively normal elderly individuals and tested whether these measures were predictive of the magnitude of prefrontal activity (fMRI) observed during performance of an episodic retrieval task and a verbal working memory task. We also examined the effects of WMH located in the dorsolateral frontal regions with the hypothesis that dorsal PFC WMH would be strongly associated with not only PFC function, but also with areas that are anatomically and functionally linked to the PFC in a task-dependent manner. Results showed that increases in both global and regional dorsal PFC WMH volume were associated with decreases in PFC activity. In addition, dorsal PFC WMH volume was associated with decreased activity in medial temporal and anterior cingulate regions during episodic retrieval and decreased activity in the posterior parietal and anterior cingulate cortex during working memory performance. These results suggest that disruption of white matter tracts, especially within the PFC, may be a mechanism for age-related changes in memory functioning.
Variational Bayesian multinomial probit regression with Gaussian process priors
Authors: Mark Girolami, Simon Rogers
Venue: Neural Computation (2006)

It is well known in the statistics literature that augmenting binary and polychotomous response models with gaussian latent variables enables exact Bayesian analysis via Gibbs sampling from the parameter posterior. By adopting such a data augmentation strategy, dispensing with priors over regression coefficients in favor of gaussian process (GP) priors over functions, and employing variational approximations to the full posterior, we obtain efficient computational methods for GP classification in the multiclass setting. The model augmentation with additional latent variables ensures full a posteriori class coupling while retaining the simple a priori independent GP covariance structure from which sparse approximations, such as multiclass informative vector machines (IVM), emerge in a natural and straightforward manner. This is the first time that a fully variational Bayesian treatment for multiclass GP classification has been developed without having to resort to additional explicit approximations to the nongaussian likelihood term. Empirical comparisons with exact analysis use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Laplace approximations illustrate the utility of the variational approximation as a computationally economic alternative to full MCMC and it is shown to be more accurate than the Laplace approximation.
Multiresolution Approach for Non-Contact Measurements of Arterial Pulse using Thermal Imaging
Authors: Sergey Y. Chekmenev, Aly A. Farag, Edward A. Essock
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

This paper presents a novel, multiresolution (MR) approach for non-contact passive measurements of the arterial pulse along the arterial tree using thermal imaging of the most accessible regions of human face and neck. The method automatically detects Region/s Of Measurement (ROM) of the arterial pulse using the periodic nature of arterial thermal patterns. This ROM constitutes a skin area where the heat pulsation produced by an artery is most pronounced. The output of the algorithm is a descriptive arterial pulse waveform. To the best of our knowledge, our results are novel and have not been reported before. Some potential applications of this work are in the field of non-contact health state/ physiology monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, smart rooms, polygraph testing, and intent identification.
TCP Based Resource Allocation Method for Base Station Diversity System
Authors: Katsuhiro Naito, Kazuo Mori, Hideo Kobayashi
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems and Networks Communication (2006)

This paper proposes an adaptive wireless link allocation technique based on the characteristic of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and system traffic. While previous studies of allocation methods considered a single wireless link communication, the goal of this study is to examine the use of multiple wireless links and to get them access the Internet from wireless terminals. By employing multiple wireless links, TCP performance is improved significantly. But the improvement depends on the wireless environment. Although Internet applications apply some network protocols such as TCP, UDP, etc., the allocation method should take into account some other protocols. The proposed system allocates several wireless links to wireless terminal. This allocation is based on the estimated TCP throughput and current traffic of each base station. The current traffic of each base station, which includes many network protocol's flows, is considered by the system. Our allocation method not only considers the effect of TCP, but it also considers the effect on other protocols. In addition, wireless links are preferentially assigned to the wireless terminal that has the largest performance improvement per wireless link. Therefore, the improvement in the whole system performance compared with the previous technique can be easily achieved. This achievement is fulfilled in spite of the allocation with a fixed threshold value in the conventional scheme.
Object Activation in Semantic Memory from Visual Multimodal Feature Input
Authors: Michael A. Kraut, Sarah Kremen, Lauren R. Moo, Jessica B. Segal, Vincent Calhoun, John Hart,  Jr.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

The human brain's representation of objects has been proposed to exist as a network of coactivated neural regions present in multiple cognitive systems. However, it is not known if there is a region specific to the process of activating an integrated object representation in semantic memory from multimodal feature stimuli (e.g., picture - word). A previous study using word&ndash;word feature pairs as stimulus input showed that the left thalamus is integrally involved in object activation (Kraut, Kremen, Segal, et al., this issue). In the present study, participants were presented picture&ndash;word pairs that are features of objects, with the task being to decide if together they "activated" an object not explicitly presented (e.g., picture of a candle and the word "icing" activate the internal representation of a "cake"). For picture&ndash;word pairs that combine to elicit an object, signal change was detected in the ventral temporo-occipital regions, pre-SMA, left primary somatomotor cortex, both caudate nuclei, and the dorsal thalami bilaterally. These findings suggest that the left thalamus is engaged for either picture or word stimuli, but the right thalamus appears to be involved when picture stimuli are also presented with words in semantic object activation tasks. The somatomotor signal changes are likely secondary to activation of the semantic object representations from multimodal visual stimuli.
Predicting good requirements for in-house development projects
Authors: June Verner, Karl Cox, Steven J. Bleistein
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

We surveyed software practitioners regarding software development practices used during recent projects. Five categories of questions broadly related to requirements were asked: the sponsor, customer/users, requirements issues, the project manager and project management, and the development process. Relationships between project factors and good requirements were investigated. We developed requirements prediction equations by dividing our response data into two data sets. Using binary logistic regression on each set we tested the equations developed. Such analysis provides us with insight into which variables are significant predictors of good requirements. The best predictors were 1) the customers/users had a high level of confidence in the development team, with 2) risks were controlled and managed by the project manager.
Hybrid Fuzzy-SV Clustering for Heart Disease Identification
Authors: Ariel L. Garcia Gamboa, Miguel Gonzalez Mendoza, Rodolfo E. Ibarra Orozco, Jaime Mora Vargas, Neil Hernandez Gress
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

The identification of different heart diseases plays an important role in medical applications since it is becoming a growing problem. In order to decrease the number of deaths, it is important to consider warning signs, and knowing how to respond quickly and properly when it occurs. In this paper we propose the use of Fuzzy Support Vector Clustering in order to identify a heart disease and also to identify different degrees of sickness that serve as warning signs for patients. The algorithm uses a kernel induced metric to assign each data to a cluster and the SVM density estimation algorithm to parameterize clusters (to identify membership degrees matrix). Experimental results were performed using a well known benchmark of heart diseases.
A Web-Based System to Monitor the Quality of Meta-Data in Web Portals
Authors: Marcos Aurelio Domingues, Carlos Soares, Alipio Mario Jorge
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

We present a web-based system to monitor the quality of the meta-data used to describe content in web portals. The system implements meta-data analysis using statistical, visualization and data mining tools. The web-based system enables the site's editor to detect and correct problems in the description of contents, thus improving the quality of the web portal and the satisfaction of its users. We have developed this system and tested it on a Portuguese portal for management executives.
Suffix arrays: what are they good for?
Authors: Simon J. Puglisi, William F. Smyth, Andrew Turpin
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Database Conference - Volume 49 (2006)

Recently the theoretical community has displayed a flurry of interest in suffix arrays, and compressed suffix arrays. New, asymptotically optimal algorithms for construction, search, and compression of suffix arrays have been proposed. In this talk we will present our investigations into the practicalities of these latest developments. In particular, we investigate whether suffix arrays can indeed replace inverted files, as suggested in recent literature on suffix arrays.
Optimal sampling rate for impulse response identification based on decimation and interpolation
Authors: A. Sano, H. Tsuji
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

High-rate sampled input-output data does not necessarily provide better mean squares error (MSE) for a least squares (LS) estimate of impulse response. The authors propose a scheme to improve the MSE by decimating the high-rate sampled input-output data, calculating the LS estimate of the decimated impulse response, and interpolating the estimate to recover the LS estimate with the original high sampling rate. They clarify the existence of the optimal sampling rate that minimizes the MSE of the interpolated estimate, and propose an efficient scheme for determining the optimal sampling rate without using the unknown true values of the frequency response to be identified and the noise variance but using only accessible input-output data.
Active Authorization Rules for Enforcing Role-Based Access Control and its Extensions
Authors: Raman Adaikkalavan, Sharma Chakravarthy
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (2005)

Dynamically monitoring the state changes of an underlying system, detecting and reacting to changes without delay are crucial for the success of any access control enforcement mechanism. With their inherent nature, active (Event- Condition-Action or ECA) rules are prospective candidates to carry out change detection and to provide access control. Current systems or models do not provide a flexible mechanism for enforcing Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) standard and its extensions in a seamless way, and do not adapt to policy or role structure changes in enterprises, which are indispensable to make RBAC usable in diverse domains. In this paper we will show how On-When-Then-Else authorization rules (or enhanced ECA rules) are used for enforcing RBAC standard and its extensions such as generalized temporal RBAC, control flow dependency constraints, privacy-aware RBAC, and so forth in a seamless way. Furthermore, these rules also provide active security. Large enterprises have hundreds of roles, which requires thousands of rules for providing access control, and generating these rules manually is error-prone and a cognitive-burden for non-computer specialists. Thus, in this paper, we will discuss briefly how these authorization rules can be automatically (or semi-automatically) generated from high level specifications of enterprise access control policies. We will also discuss the implementation using Sentinel+, an active object oriented system.
Pi4SOA: A Policy Infrastructure for Verification and Control of Service Collaboration
Authors: X. Zhou, W. T. Tsai, X. Wei, Y. Chen, B. Xiao
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

This paper proposes a pattern-based service collaboration architecture using services as building blocks in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). In this architecture, service registry is used to obtain the metadata of services and collaboration patterns. Thus, not only services, but also collaboration patterns can be reused. However, dynamic collaboration requires a measure to verify and validate such a dynamic process at the meta-control level. This paper presents a policybased infrastructure to dynamically verify and control the collaboration process in SOA.
Difference scheme with instant transition "from order to chaos"
Authors: A. F. Goloubentsev, V. M. Anikin, Y. A. Barulina
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

The one-dimensional nonlinear difference equation of the first order depending on a parameter is constructed on the infinite interval. Its exact solutions have semi-group properties and demonstrate regular or chaotic behavior for various regions of parameter changing. There is a parameter value that "provides" an instant transition "from order to chaos". The chaotic regime is characterized by having the invariant density in the form of the Cauchy distribution and the positive Lyapunov exponent In2. The eigenfunction and eigenvalues of the Perron-Frobenius operator for constructed map are found.
Advanced TCP evaluation testbed on mixed wired internet and satellite environments
Authors: Rosario Firrincieli, Carlo Caini, Cesar Marcondes, M. Y. Sanadidi, Mario Gerla
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation characterization (2006)

In this paper, we present our Advanced TCP Evaluation Testbed on Mixed Wired Internet and Satellite Environments.
Automated Metadata Extraction from Web Sources
Authors: Nor Adnan Yahaya, Rosiza Buang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

This paper discusses the application of web wrapping technology in extracting metadata from web sources. This capability has been incorporated into a software tool known as Dynamic Dublin Core/Resource Description Framework Metadata Editor (DDC/RDF-Editor) which supports metadata development and management for resources in the World Wide Web. One key feature of the editor is the ability to automatically extract relevant values of metadata elements from the web sources in question according to the Dublin Core (DC) Metadata Standard and represent it in Resource Description Framework(RDF) language.
Interpolation and Extrapolation in Human Behavior and Neural Networks
Authors: Emmanuel Guigon
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Unlike most artificial systems, the brain is able to face situations that it has not learned or even encountered before. This ability is not in general echoed by the properties of most neural networks. Here, we show that neural computation based on least-square error learning between populations of intensity-coded neurons can explain interpolation and extrapolation capacities of the nervous system in sensorimotor and cognitive tasks. We present simulations for function learning experiments, auditory-visual behavior, and visuomotor transformations. The results suggest that induction in human behavior, be it sensorimotor or cognitive, could arise from a common neural associative mechanism.