ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Journey to e-Health: VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York (VISN 2)
Authors: Kim M. Nazi
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2003)

e-Health offers the rich potential of supplementing traditional delivery of services and channels of communication in ways that extend the healthcare organization's ability to meet the needs of its patients. Benefits include enhanced access to information and resources, empowerment of patients to make informed healthcare decisions, streamlined organizational processes and transactions, and improved quality, value, and patient satisfaction. A diverse array of factors affects the development and implementation of e-Health initiatives and applications. Crafting a strategic approach is critical to success, especially in this era of rapidly changing technology. The journey to implementing e-Health at this VA Network is discussed and a model described for assessing the environment, identifying critical success factors, and selecting areas of focus. Recommendations are offered for defining a strategic approach to e-Health for healthcare organizations.
Automatic Parallelization of Compiled Event Driven VHDL Simulation
Authors: V. Kirshnaswamy, G. Hasteer, P. Banerjee
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2002)

In this paper, we present approaches and algorithms for parallelization of compiled event driven VHDL simulations on shared-memory multiprocessors (SMP). An efficient single-threaded algorithm for simulation of VHDL descriptions is first presented. This algorithm is shown to be competitive with a commercial VHDL simulator. Schemes for multithreaded execution of this algorithm are then described. These have been implemented on top of the POSIX pthreads library and experimental results have been shown on a Sun SparcServer 1000E. Speedups of up to four on eight processors have been achieved for some benchmarks.
Signed Digit Representations of Minimal Hamming Weight
Authors: S. Arno, F. S. Wheeler
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1993)

The authors give an online algorithm for computing a canonical signed digit representation of minimal Hamming weight for any integer n. Using combinatorial techniques, the probability distributions Pr(K/sub r/=h), where K/sub r/ is taken to be a random variable on the uniform probability space of k-digit integers is computed. Also, using a Markov chain analysis, it is shown that E(K/sub r/) approximately (r-1)k/(r+1) as k to infinity.
Adaptive Management of QoS Requirements for Wireless Multimedia Communications
Authors: Alex Bordetsky, Kevin Brown, Leann Christianson
Venue: Information Technology and Management (2003)

We present a control model, which provides response time and bandwidth requirement adaptation in audio, video, and application sharing multipoint IP teleconferences for emerging wireless multimedia communications. The model is based on revealing feedback controls for multimedia call preparation and subsequent real time connection control. Case-based reasoning memory is used to associate real time congestion (connection) controls with call preparation controls and user QoS profiles. Web agents are used to capture user and application multimedia call profiles observed at the application layer and transfer them into the case memory. RTP statistics are used to identify the connection management feedback controls for the network layer. Real-time adaptation at the network layer and above is made possible by using hierarchical coding techniques. The proposed adaptive management architecture is illustrated by a case memory representation of call preparation feedback controls, RTP feedback control tests for providing audio stream bandwidth adaptation, and configuration of integrated experiments.
A System Level Boundary Scan Controller Board for VME Applications
Authors: Nuno Cardoso, Carlos Beltrán Almeida, José Carlos Da Silva
Venue: Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (2001)

In this article an application of boundary scan test at system level is analyzed. The objective is met through the description of the design and implementation options of a VME boundary scan controller board prototype and the corresponding software. The prototype board uses the MTM bus, existing in the VME64x backplane, to apply the IEEE 1149.1 test vectors to one of the sixty four sub-systems, each one composed by nineteen boards. The software being developed uses the boundary scan test vectors generated by an ATPG in SVF format, and converts them into a format suitable to be used in our test system. Test results consists in a pass/fail assessment. Further diagnosis information about fault location requires the utilization of an additional software test tool. After giving some insights about the experiment where this hardware is required, the paper describes the boundary scan test architecture at system and board level, the test development tools used in the experience environment, the test of the boundary scan controller board prototype and the software used to interface the board with the ATPG. The results obtained so far and the proposed work is reviewed in the end of this contribution. This work is the result of a collaboration between INESC and LIP in the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment being conducted at CERN.
International Survey: Virtual-Environment Research
Authors: Duane K. Boman
Venue: Computer (1995)

This brief survey describes virtual environment (VE) research activities that are going on around the world. VE involves a broad range of technologies and extensive research activities are ongoing, both to develop these technologies and to develop new methods to integrate them into useful applications. Five major areas of VE research are described; (1) displays for presenting information to the user's visual, auditory, and haptic senses; (2) sensors and other technologies for transferring information from the user to the computer; (3) software, (4) human factors; and (5) applications. The aim of this review is to provide an appreciation of the technologies involved in VE and the research on these technologies as well as to provide direction for further investigations of VE technologies and applications.
System Implementations of Analog VLSI Velocity Sensors
Authors: Giacomo Indiveri, Jörg Kramer, Christof Koch
Venue: IEEE Micro (1996)

Compact analog VLSI velocity sensors, with on-board photoreceptor arrays, invariant to absolute illuminance and stimulus contrast, that signal reliably over large ranges of magnitude in speed, have been recently proposed. In this article we make use of such analog velocity sensors at the system level. Specifically, we discuss three chips that integrate and process the measured velocity vectors for locating the "Focus of Expansion," "Motion Discontinuities" and for computing the "Time to Contact". We describe the functionality of their component modules and their principles of operation. Data measurements obtained from the developed VLSI chips demonstrate their correct performance and their limits of operation.
Printing Press Configuration: A Knowledge-Based Approach
Authors: M. S. Lan, R. M. Panos
Venue: IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications (1990)

One of the steps in preparing newspaper presses for a new printing run is composing a lineup. A newspaper lineup arranges the printing run's many image plates among the numerous press locations where images are transferred to paper; this is both a configuration problem and a combinatorial problem. Since lineup design relies heavily on expert heuristics, a knowledge-based approach is well suited for developing a system that configures a press quickly. The authors discuss the press lineup problem, describe printing presses and operational modes, and examine the knowledge-representation and problem-solving methods that were used in designing their system. They also address system functions, performance, and their efforts to develop a generic system that most newspaper publishers can use.
Mapping Datalog Program Execution to Networks of Processors
Authors: Sumit Ganguly, Abraham Silberschatz, Shalom Tsur
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1995)

The problem of mapping the parallel bottom up execution of Datalog programs to an interconnected network of processors is studied. The parallelization is achieved by using hash functions that partition the set of instantiations for the rules. We first examine this problem in an environment where the number of processors and the interconnection topology is known, and communication between program segments residing at non-adjacent processors is not permitted. An algorithm is presented that decides whether a given Datalog program can be mapped onto such an architecture. We then relax the constraint on the architecture by allowing program segments residing at non-adjacent processors to communicate. A theory of approximate mappings is developed, and an algorithm to obtain the closest approximate mapping of a given Datalog program onto a given architecture is presented.
Support for decentralized computers
Authors: Douglas E. Van Houweling
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1979)

The extraordinarily rapid advance of microelectronics is causing a rapid drop in both the cost and economy of scale of computing equipment. In less than a decade, the powerful economic incentive for centralizing the production of computing cycles has reversed. Simultaneously, the productivity of computing professionals has not kept pace with inflation, and it appears that staff productivity gains will be difficult to achieve in a decentralized environment.Distribution of computing equipment is making support for the individual computer user more difficult in the following ways:-- There is a need for support of multiple types of small computer hardware.-- There is a need to maintain multiple operating systems and versions of applications software.-- There is little knowledge and experience in providing documentation, user training, and consulting support in a highly distributed multi-architecture computing environment.This paper outlines Cornell's response to the challenge of decentralized computing. The paper details the rationale, planning, organization, financing, and staffing for the new Decentralized Academic Computer Support group in Cornell Computing Services. In addition, the responsibilities of that group and its interaction with the other groups in Computing Services is described. Finally, attention is given to the relationship between Computing Services and the Cornell community regarding small computers.The accelerating trend of decentralizing the production of computing cycles presents user support groups with both a challenge and an opportunity. Failure to respond will result in more expensive and lower quality computing for the university community as well as declining utilization of user support services.
Knowledge Discovery by Inductive Neural Networks
Authors: LiMin Fu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1999)

A new neural network model for inducing symbolic knowledge from empirical data is presented. This model capitalizes on the fact that the certainty-factor-based activation function can improve the network generalization performance from a limited amount of training data. The formal properties of the procedure for extracting symbolic knowledge from such a trained neural network are investigated. In the domain of molecular genetics, a case study demonstrated that the described learning system effectively discovered the prior domain knowledge with some degree of refinement. Also, in cross-validation experiments, the system outperformed C4.5, a commonly used rule learning system.
Embedding partial bipartite directed cycle systems
Authors: C. C. Lindner, Lorenzo Milazzo
Venue: Discrete Mathematics (2002)

A partial directed 2k-bicycle system of order (s,t) can always be embedded in a directed 2k-bicycle system of order (ks,kt).
Transformations Having Homogeneous Spectra
Authors: V. V. Ryzhikov
Venue: Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems (1999)

We show that for a generic automorphism T, the Cartesian product T &times; T has homogeneous spectrum of multiplicity two. New examples of automorphisms with the property \sigma \ \bot \ \sigma \ast \sigma are presented.
Enhancement of ALCVDTM TiN growth on Si-O-C and &#x03B1;-SiC:H films by O2-based plasma treatments
Authors: A. Satta, M. Baklanov, O. Richard, A. Vantomme, H. Bender, T. Conard, K. Maex, W. M. Li, K.-E. Elers, S. Haukka
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

In advanced interconnection technologies, Atomic Layer Chemical Vapour Deposition (ALCVDTM) is a promising technique to deposit very conformal thin barriers on low-k dielectrics. To enhance the ALCVD growth, we have modified Si-O-C and α-SiC:H dielectric films by O2-based plasma treatments. This paper discusses the effect of the plasma on the growth of ALCVD TiN and the modifications induced at the surface and in the bulk of the dielectrics. The O2-based plasma enriches the dielectric surface with the OH group, improving the quality of the TiN films. Further optimisation of the surface treatments is needed to prevent undesired modification of the dielectric bulk.
Compact quasi-analytic equations for estimating the temperature distribution of ULSI interconnections
Authors: X. Xiao, X. You, G. Ruan
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

With the wide application of low dielectric constant materials in ULSI circuits, the problem of heat dissipation becomes more critical due to the small thermal conductivity of such materials. Compact quasi-analytic equations for estimating the temperature rises at an arbitrary metal layer of the interconnection system is presented. The thermal behavior of a multi-objectively optimized uniformly distributed five-metal-layer 0.15-µm IC generation interconnection structure is simulated by using the FEM code ANSYS to verify the accuracy of these estimation equations. The small deviations between the results from equation calculations and ANSYS simulations demonstrate the correctness of this quasi-analytical approach. The detailed investigation for non-uniformly distributed interconnection cases indicates that the deviation between temperature results for the uniformly and non-uniformly distributed interconnections is quite small. However, in some cases, a less than 15% error should be taken into account due to the extremely complicated interconnect structure. The estimation equations are applied to analyze the temperature rises on the interconnections of 0.13 µm and 0.10 µm technology nodes.
Detection and characterisation of planar fractures using a 3D Hough transform
Authors: Augusto Sarti, Stefano Tubaro
Venue: Signal Processing (2002)

In this article we propose an algorithmic approach - the detection and the characterization of planar fractures based on the analysis of 3D data relative to rock samples (coming from X-ray/NMR tomography). Data analysis is based on a particular implementation of the Hough Transform for the detection of planes in a 3D space. One of the original aspects of our approach is the pattern detection strategy. In fact, it works in an iterative fashion and consists of the progressive removal of the layers that constitute the cumulative array in the Hough space. At each step, we first determine the leading fracture from the analysis of the Hough cumulative arrays, and then we remove the corresponding cumulative layer in order to enable the detection of the next important fracture. We also show the results of some tests, which prove the proposed method effective even with very complex data sets.
Integrating of Cu/SiOC in Cu dual damascene interconnect for 0.1-&#x00B5;m technology
Authors: M. Fayolle, J. Torres, G. Passemard, F. Fusalba, G. Fanget, D. Louis, M. Assous, O. Louveau, M. Rivoire, K. Haxaire, M. Mourier, S. Maitrejean, P. Besson, L. Broussous, L. Arnaud
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

This paper presents the integration of copper with SiOC low-k dielectric (k = 2.9). As SiO2 or FSG, this organo-silicate glass (OSG) is deposited by PECVD techniques. This work is focused on process adaptations required to integrate this carbon-doped material (carbon content = 20 wt%). It is shown that due to its carbon content, oxygen-based treatments and stripping must be carefully optimised. Due to its micro-porosity, this material is very sensitive to the resist poisoning phenomenon. This issue can be minimized (suppressed) by material composition, processes and architecture improvements. After optimisations this material was successfully integrated in two metal level interconnects with excellent electrical and reliability results.
Rapid Prototyping Using Field-Programmable Logic Devices
Authors: James O. Hamblen
Venue: IEEE Micro (2000)

The author describes an undergraduate computer-engineering curriculum using a rapid prototyping approach to simulate, synthesize, and implement digital system and computer architectures.
Support for Quality-Based Design and Inspection
Authors: Ilkka Tervonen
Venue: IEEE Software (1996)

Debate using relevant, domain-specific quality terms is a mark of mature theory and expertise in a particular area. Wine connoisseurs and movie critics use domain-specific quality terms that even novices are at least partly familiar with. What about software? Is software engineering mature enough so that software designers can use quality terms in discussions with their peers? Do inspectors of software artifacts evaluate them in terms of quality? Is the final software product advertised in such terms? Do customers understand the quality-based advantages of competing products?Most software engineers agree that there is too much variety in quality terms. Quality models such as Software Quality Metrics and Goal Question Metric and standards such as the IEEE Quality Metrics Methodology and ISO 9126 provide a quality terminology, but they tend to be too rigid or abstract, and of course they cannot guarantee that their terminology will be learned and used.This prevents software engineers from understanding the role of quality in practice: how to state quality goals, how to justify alternative solutions in quality terms, and how to evaluate the achievement of quality in alternative solutions. How do we solve this problem? In theory, the solution is easy. We need an appropriate quality model, a software-development method that uses this quality model, a supporting tool, and adequate training in the use of the method and tool. In practice, we all know how difficult this is.I propose to use a consistent quality structure for designing and inspecting software artifacts. This structure is based on a quality model that I call SQM synthesis because of my numerous modifications to the original Software Quality Metrics model.
Making Software Development Visible
Authors: Pei Hsia
Venue: IEEE Software (1996)

Software engineering is a young profession. We still have much to learn from each other. Past experience suggests that an incremental delivery model would reduce risk and improve project management.
Surfactant-mediated growth of TiSi2 on Si(001)
Authors: H. Hortenbach, M. Falke, S. Teichert, G. Beddies, H.-J. Hinneberg
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

We report on the growth of thin titanium silicide layers on Si(001) by surfactant-mediated reactive deposition (SMRD) at temperatures in the range of 300-800 °C. The surface diffusion of Ti and Si is crucial for the morphology of the growing silicide layer and can be altered by the presence of a surfactant (here Sb). Samples prepared with and without Sb were analysed by SEM, RBS, TEM and XRD. The results show that the phase of the growing silicide is not influenced by the surfactant. For temperatures higher than 400 °C, the C49-disilicide phase was found. The SEM investigations show that the pinhole density in the TiSi2 layer is significantly reduced by the surfactant.
Luminescence lifetime of the 1.5-&#x00B5;m emission of &#x00DF;-FeSi2 precipitate layers in Silicon
Authors: B. Schuller, R. Carius, S. Lenk, S. Mantl
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

Semiconducting iron disilicide precipitates in silicon were fabricated by ion beam synthesis and characterised by photoluminescence and TEM. We have measured the decay time of the 1.55-µm line, which was found to be 10 µs at 10 K. No evidence for a fast, direct transition could be found from the time resolved photoluminescence measurements. Furthermore, we have measured the electroluminescence decay time of a demonstrator FeSi2-Si light emitting device. This shows a fast time response of below 30 ns.
Optimal Design of Multiple Hash Tables for Concurrency Control
Authors: Ming-Syan Chen, Philip S. Yu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1997)

In this paper, we propose the approach of using multiple hash tables for lock requests with different data access patterns to minimize the number of false contentions in a data sharing environment. We first derive some theoretical results on using multiple hash tables. Then, in light of these derivations, a two-step procedure to design multiple hash tables is developed. In the first step, data items are partitioned into a given number of groups. Each group of data items is associated with the use of a hash table in such a way that lock requests to data items in the same group will be hashed into the same hash table. In the second step, given an aggregate hash table size, the hash table size for each individual data group is optimally determined so as to minimize the number of false contentions. Some design examples and remarks on the proposed method are given. It is observed from real database systems that different data sets usually have their distinct data access patterns, thus resulting in an environment where this approach can offer significant performance improvement.
The impact of component architectures on interoperability
Authors: L. Davis, R. F. Gamble, J. Payton
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2002)

Component interoperability has become an important concern as companies migrate legacy systems, integrate COTS products, and assemble modules from disparate sources into a single application. While middleware is available for this purpose, it often does not form a complete bridge between components and may be inflexible as the application evolves. What is needed is the explicit design information that will forecast a more accurate, evolvable, and less costly integration solution implementation.Emerging research has shown that interoperability problems can be traced to the software architecture of the components and integrated application. Furthermore, the solutions generated for these problems are guided by an implicit understanding of software architecture. Current technology does not fully identify what must be made explicit about software architecture to aid in comparison of the architectures and expectations of participating entities within the integrated application. Thus, there can be no relief in the expense or the duration of implementing long-term reliance on middleware. The overall goal of our research is to extract and make explicit the information needed to define and build this technology. This paper focuses on identifying, classifying, and organizing characteristics that help to define an architectural style by using abstraction and semantic nets. We illustrate the relationships between the characteristics and their relevance to interoperability via examples of integrated applications.