ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Artificial languages: Computers, connector systems, and data descriptions
Authors: R. M. Shapiro
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

IN RECENT YEARS, there has been a flourish of programs which discuss and manipulate list-like structures, either standing by themselves or embedded in larger systems; for example&mdash;LISP, IPL, Knotted Lists, Threaded Lists, FORTRAN LIST PROCESSOR, XTRAN list system. On careful inspection it becomes evident that, although the ability of these systems to operate on such structures significantly enhances the power of programming languages, a severe penalty is levied in terms of execution time. Closer analysis reveals that every implementation of such a system either is directly tied to a particular computer, or else it fails to utilize the idiosyncrasies of the various computers on which it is to be used. The resolution of this problem involves first the development of a notation that is sufficient for describing arbitrary connector systems and arbitrary computers, and then a method of using such descriptions to choose automatically, from among the repertoire of machine operations, sequences of instructions that optimally carry out the intent of operations defined over the connector system.
Computer Magic
Authors: David Freedman
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh annual SIGCPS computer personnel research conference (1973)

For many years anthropologists have studied the differences between science and magic through the efforts of Bronislaw Malinowski who observed that primitive tribes practice both.(1) Science is used in those situations where the people have a great deal of knowledge and control, but magical elements enter when there are factors which no amount of manipulation can control. We have noticed that programmers are rigorous and careful in dealing with situations which they can control. When dealing with a new and unknown situation, however, programmers often use magical manipulations. If these manipulations are successful, they become ritualized and are passed on from one programming generation to the next. At the School of Advanced Technology, an entering student is required to show proficiency in six areas: APL, PL/1, Logic and Boolean Algebra, Probability and Statistics, Numerical Analysis, and Set Theory. After completing all proficiency work, the student enters core courses in architecture, applications, and programming. The programming class is divided into working groups, each group having the same specifications and deadlines. Our school's grading policy (pass-no record) encourages cooperative rather than competitive learning, and there is a great deal of intergroup cooperation. This focal point of interaction provides an ideal locus for our studies of the psychology of computer programming(3) using the anthropologist's technique of &ldquo;participant observation&rdquo; (4). From hundreds of hours of such observation, we have discovered that at least as much education occurs during these all night sessions as in scheduled classes. It is in such informal settings, as in almost every computer center in the country, that the oral tradition of computer magic is passed from person to person.
A graphical interface for report specification
Authors: L. J. Bass
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

A great deal of effort has gone into evaluating the usability of different syntaxes for query languages. A different type of query &ldquo;language&rdquo; is exemplified by QBE and other graphical query systems where the specification of a query is simpler than in query languages. A common application of data retrieved by a query is generating reports. Most report format specifications are still produced by linguistic means. This talk describes a graphical report construction tool which has been successfully used with a production scientific data base management system. A report format is specified by a template through which the data in a specified subset is displayed. The template is constructed using cursor oriented graphical techniques. The template is displayed during its construction and editing process and the semantic effect of a particular action is immediately apparent to the user. The user has the capabilility of specifying headings, footings, adjustment in fields, field continuation to another line, beginning of one field relative to the end of preceeding field, max, min, and other standard report writing functions. The use of the graphical techniques in specifying the format of a report has been very well received by the users of the data base system. Numerous reports were constructed by the scientists with only a brief demonstration of the facility prior to the writing of any documentation.
CORE - a method for controlled requirement specification
Authors: G. P. Mullery
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

Attempts to specify requirements adequately normally fail - sometimes catastrophically. One reason is the lack of a rigorously defined method which directly addresses the needs of requirement specification. CORE, the subject of this paper, is such a method. CORE is the result of several years of practical experiment by the author, using a number of published approaches to specification and design. It is supported by a diagrammatic notation whose key features are a composite of ideas drawn from several widely used notations for expression of requirement or design.
A faculty development program
Authors: Keith Harrow>
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1982)

The Computer and Information Science (CIS) Department at Brooklyn College is unable to use full-time CIS faculty for most sections of the introductory programming course. Instead of using adjuncts, the administration of the College would like to use full-time faculty from overstaffed departments to teach these courses. In an attempt to certify these people, the CIS Department launched a two part Faculty Development Program in the Summer of 1981. Program I was an intensive introduction to computing for those with no previous experience. Program II was designed to enable those with some previous computing experience to teach computer programming. Both programs were successful. The participants in Program I gained quite a bit of programming experience. Almost half of those in Program II have taught in the CIS Department in the Fall of 1981, with others planning to do so next year. Based in part on the information gathered from this model, the entire City University is offering a Faculty Development Program in computer science as well.
Surface Approximation of 3D Objects from Irregularly Sampled Clouds of 3D Points Using Spherical Wavelets
Authors: Luis Pastor, Angel Rodríguez
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

This paper presents a technique for computing multi-resolution shape models of 3D objects acquired as clouds of 3D points. The procedure is fully automated and is able to process data from any object with a genus equivalent to that of a sphere. An important feature of this method is that it does not impose any restrictions on the input data, which can be provided by any kind of 3D sensor.The method described here starts by computing an intermediate mesh that meets the subdivision connectivity 1 requirement needed to allow the computation of the wavelet transform. The mesh is then adjusted to the 3D input data by means of an iterative deformation process. Finally, a spherical wavelet transform is computed to obtain the object's 3D multi-resolution model. The paper presents some real examples acquired with a hand-held 3D digitizer.
The process complexity and effective random tests.
Authors: C. P. Schnorr
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1972)

We propose a variant of the Kolmogorov concept of complexity which yields a common theory of finite and infinite random sequences. The process complexity does not oscillate. We establish some concepts of effective tests which are proved to be equivalent.
Multiresolution sequential edge linking
Authors: G. W. Cook, E. J. Delp
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

We describe a multiresolution approach to edge detection using a sequential search algorithm. The use of a multiresolution image pyramid allows the integration of global edge information contained in lower resolutions to guide the sequential search at higher resolutions. As a consequence, the dependence on a priori knowledge of the image edges is greatly reduced. Estimating the sequential search parameters from lower resolution images provides for a more accurate and less costly search of edge paths in the image.
A development methodology applied to a radar system simulation
Authors: Jane Harmon, Jay Landreth, Donald Lausch, Padman Nagenthiram, Henry Ramirez
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

As systems to be simulated grow larger and more complex and the cost of software escalates the need for cost and time efficient development methodologies become critical. This paper describes such a methodology. The methodology is based on standard modern software practices such as top-down design and structured programming. This development methodology has been applied to a radar system simulation which will eventually grow into an air defense simulation employing a surveillance net, and deployed weapons. The objective of the simulation is to provide a computer design tool to aid in the synthesis and parameterization of modern air defense systems. The simulation embodies computational algorithms as well as the contentions for resources among the various elements of the system. The radar system simulation is implemented in the SIMSCRIPT simulation program language. It is documented in the Software Design and Documentation Language (SDDL) which is a machine processed and machine reproducible pseudo code.
Modularized short courses
Authors: Mary Ann Drayton
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1980)

Computer short course students are as heterogeneous a group as can be imagined in a college classroom. At Northern Illinois University we teach novices who are professional students; you can spot them by their sharpened, poised pencils and fresh notebooks. We teach the old computer pros who want information on some new system feature or compiler. We teach graduate students who feel they will face this monster called a &ldquo;computer&rdquo; once in their lifetime&mdash;they have a limited, specific and worthy goal, but it's not computer knowledge. And we teach administrative personnel whose paychecks are contingent upon the mastery of short course content.
A programming environment for small business
Authors: James Leigh, William Leigh
Venue: ACM SIGSMALL Newsletter (1981)

In order to provide cost effective applications programming for small businesses, it is necessary to have the proper programming tools, including a structured high level language, file access methods, terminal interface routines, and a data dictionary. The approach to provide a stable and portable programming environment incorporating a consistent set of programming tools is discussed in this paper.
The QMESH mesh generation package
Authors: Rondall E. Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGNUM meeting on Software for partial differential equations (1975)

A package of five programs centering around the highly flexible, powerful, two-dimensional mesh generation program, QMESH, is presented. Together, the five programs provide a tool for generation, bandwidth minimization and display of meshes with Q4 or Q8 elements. The package's primary purpose is generation of input for finite element analysis programs.
Some human factors aspects of computers in air traffic control
Authors: David Whitfield
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

This paper reviews some of the human factors issues arising during eight years of systems research into computer-based concepts for air traffic control (ATC), carried out by the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) on behalf of the U.K. Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). The Ergonomics Development Unit (EDU) at Aston has been responsible for the human factors aspects.
New assertion concepts for self-metric software validation
Authors: Leon G. Stucki, Gary L. Foshee
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software (1975)

Automated tools and structured programming techniques are in use on a variety of scientific and business application programming projects within the McDonnell Douglas Corporation. An examination of the resulting programs reveals certain development and maintenance characteristics that suggest new and very interesting applications for automated tools. An extension of PET (a currently operational McDonnell Douglas validation tool for FORTRAN) to include a user embedded assertion capability offers a step in the direction of automatically verifying the dynamic execution of programs. A user-oriented local and global assertion capability is introduced and its implementation is discussed. Application of these tools within a well-conceived structured programming environment offers a positive step forward in the development of more reliable software systems.
Performance evaluation of isolated and interconnected token bus local area networks
Authors: Daniel A. Menascé, Leonardo Lellis P. Leite
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1984)

The token bus based local area network, REDPUC, designed and implemented at the Pont&iacute;ficia Universidade Cat&oacute;lica do Rio de Janeiro is briefly described. Analytic models are presented, which allow one to obtain an approximation for the average packet delay, as well as exact upper and lower bounds for the same performance measure. A performance evaluation of interconnected local networks is also given.
The PL/I-FORMAC Interpreter
Authors: John Xenakis
Venue: Proceedings of the second ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic manipulation (1971)

The PL/I-FORMAC Interpreter is a Type III IBM Programming System designed to add the capabilities of a formula manipulation language to the capabilities of PL/I. The program and/or documentation may be obtained by ordering program number 360D-03.3.004 from the IBM Program Information Department, in Hawthorne, New York. The system is designed to run under OS/360 on a Model 40 or higher with at least 256K bytes of core storage available. It is designed to run in conjunction with the OS/360 PL/I-F Compiler. An earlier version of FORMAC was written for the IBM 7090/94 as an extension of FORTRAN IV, running under the IBM IBSYS-IBJOB monitor. A paper on this system was presented at the 1966 ACM Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation. As will be evident to those familiar with that system, significant extensions have been incorporated into the new version of FORMAC described here, especially with respect to I/O, the arithmetic capability, and user-defined functions. The paper has four sections. The first section gives an actual programming example, showing the computer output which is produced. The second section describes the externals of the PL/I-FORMAC language, in outline form. The third section outlines the implementation of the system. And the fourth sections compares the current system with the 7090/94 system mentioned above. An annotated bibliography is appended.
Microprocessor systems modeling with MODLAN
Authors: A. Pawlak
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The paper presents a digital logic modeling system based on MODLAN language. MODLAN, the Hardware Description Language (HDL), is especially useful for hierarchical modeling of microprocessor systems. The modeling system supports both natural design philosophies, i.e., top-down and bottom-up. At each design stage a user is provided with MODLAN language constructs, enabling notation of his design concept and its verification through simulation. A brief presentation of the MODLAN language is illustrated with examples of microcomputer elements descriptions.
To serve or not to serve
Authors: Anne Oribello
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1984)

As microcomputers proliferate on campuses, changes will have to be made in user services to accommodate the &ldquo;Apple in every dorm room&rdquo; and &ldquo;PC in every office.&rdquo; Brown University is being forced to examine these issues now, due to several important events: &bull;Brown's broadband network that links most office buildings is being extended to dormitories. &bull;Special agreements allow members of the Brown community to buy microcomputer hardware at discounts of up to 45 percent; software site licenses are currently under negotiation. &bull;A $50 million research project includes a gift to Brown of 150 micros. Traditional services cannot be mapped directly into microcomputer support for the following reasons: &bull;The variety of hardware and software is so large that staff cannot maintain expertise in all these areas. &bull;Staff size has not usually grown in proportion to usage, so there is no extra staff to move into these areas. &bull;Centralized support services will become less effective as users become more distributed. Other factors affect the extension of service to micros: &bull;An increasing number of incoming freshmen have some computer &ldquo;literacy.&rdquo; &bull;File transfer standards are only beginning to evolve. &bull;Increasing numbers of administrative users are requesting these services. &bull;The role of mainframe computing will change toward file and print servers. &bull;Microcomputer vendors are supply better user-oriented documentation including on-line tutorials. Brown has recognized a number of directions that these services are likely to take: &bull;With distributed users, there will be an increase in phone and interactive consulting. &bull;More of the responsibility for traditional user services will be assumed by the users (human network). &bull;Solutions for user problems will include hardware as well as software. &bull;A limited number of packages that are implemented on several common types of machines will be identified for support. &bull;Staff will develop and support interconnections between existing software and the local environment.
Graphical human interface to a neutral beam system
Authors: Jerry Fiddler, Victor Elischer
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1979)

A color graphics system has been designed and implemented as the human interface to a 120KV, 60 amp neutral beam source being built at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for Tokamak Fusion Test Reactors. The system is based upon a 64 &times; 64 touch panel and allows a number of control and high level analysis displays to be brought up on any of three monitors. Included among the displays are a &ldquo;Super-oscilloscope&rdquo; package, a data acquisition timing package, numerical control displays and pictograms. The system succeeds in being very friendly and easy to learn for the operator. All control is via the touch panel and a set of six knobs and two keypads.
Taking into account asynchronous signals in functional test of complex circuits
Authors: C. Bellon, R. Velazco
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

The proposed functional test method for complex circuits presents the following features: - the test problem is studied in the aggregate; a test method, a test environment and automated test program generation are proposed. - the circuit behavior is considered as a whole. including the response to instructions (or commands). and to signals at the same level. Emphasis is put on the signal test: an hardware which allows the test of signals and is compatible with functional testing is defined; a description language for signal timing diagrams is proposed.
A shared resource algorithm for distributed simulation
Authors: Paul F. Reynolds,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1982)

We propose a distributed simulation method which is particularly well suited for the simulation of large synchronous networks. In general, distributed simulation has significant potential for alleviating the time and memory constraints often encountered when using conventional simulation techniques. Currently proposed methods for distributed simulation suffer performance degradation due to the employment of strategies for preventing deadlock and due to artificial blocking of processes. We describe a new method for doing distributed simulation which is deadlock free whenever the physical system being simulated is deadlock free. Furthermore, our method does not suffer from artificial blocking of processes.
A fast formatter for APL
Authors: Warren Juran
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on APL (1974)

This paper describes some of the features of the alpha fast formatting operator used by Proprietary Computer Systems and The Computer Company for formatting APL data. The alpha operator accepts both numeric and picture type format specifications and returns a character array containing the results of the formatting operation. The alpha formatting operator is widely used both in programs and to control printing formats in the direct execution mode. It has been in use for over two years and has been well accepted by PCS and TCC APL users.
Reading before composition
Authors: Takayuki Kimura
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

An experimental teaching method for an introductory programming course is presented and evaluated. The method is based on the observation that program reading skills should preceed program writing skills, and that such reading capability can be self-learned by a careful study of a large number of example programs.
A Processor For Providing Friendly Environments For Frequently Used Application Packages
Authors: Peggy R. Wright, Barry W. Brown
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

Operating systems are not friendly environments for one of the largest class of new computer users - the non-specialist who uses only a few of the many tools available. The Question Response System (QRS) is a processor in which an interactive dialogue between such a non-specialist user and the computer can be easily implemented. For each principal application package, a computer specialist designs the questions and conditions linking them for the dialogue that, when processed by QRS, guides the user in providing the pertinent data necessary for execution. Such a dialogue provides insulation from the sometimes confusing and bewildering conventions and details of the job control language. Interactive sessions also provide assistance with the application system requirements through prompting, error checking, and providing detailed explanations where requested. The user may recall past sessions of a similar nature under QRS, thereby permitting entry of only those parameters or specifications that are novel to the current run. A custom coded interface uses the file of responses and QRS routines for accessing file elements by name to produce the files necessary to perform the required application tasks.
A verification technique for hardware designs
Authors: Fumihiro Maruyama, Takao Uehara, Nobuaki Kawato, Takao Saito
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

Most existing hardware design verification techniques (logic simulation, symbolic simulation etc.), as well as the design phase, are rather synthetic. This paper discusses an analytic verification technique with examples of its application. This technique employs backward symbolic simuation, or causality tracing, which is carried out from the negation of a proposition which should be verified. Analyticity this technique has, not only makes verification powerful but gives it another feature, design error diagnosis.