ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Twenty-five years of end-user searching, Part 2: Future research directions
Authors: Karen Markey
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2007)

This is the second part of a two-part article that examines 25 years of published research findings on end-user searching of online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1 [Markey, 2007], it was learned that people enter a few short search statements into online IR systems. Their searches do not resemble the systematic approach of expert searchers who use the full range of IR-system functionality. Part 2 picks up the discussion of research findings about end-user searching in the context of current information retrieval models. These models demonstrate that information retrieval is a complex event, involving changes in cognition, feelings, and&sol;or events during the information seeking process. The author challenges IR researchers to design new studies of end-user searching, collecting data not only on system-feature use, but on multiple search sessions and controlling for variables such as domain knowledge expertise and expert system knowledge. Because future IR systems designers are likely to improve the functionality of online IR systems in response to answers to the new research questions posed here, the author concludes with advice to these designers about retaining the simplicity of online IR system interfaces. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Autonomic Fault Recovery in System-S
Authors: Gabriela Jacques-Silva, Jim Challenger, Lou Degenaro, James Giles, Rohit Wagle
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic Computing (2007)

System-S is a stream processing infrastructure which enables program fragments to be distributed and connected to form complex applications. There may be potentially tens of thousands of interdependent and heterogeneous program fragments running across thousands of nodes. While the scale and interconnection imply the need for automation to manage the program fragments, the need is intensified because the applications operate on live streaming data and thus need to be highly available. System-S has been designed with components that autonomically manage the program fragments, but the system components themselves are also susceptible to failures which can jeopardize the system and its applications. The work we present addresses the self healing nature of these management components in System-S. In particular, we show how one key component of System-S, the job management orchestrator, can be abruptly terminated and then recover without interrupting any of the running program fragments by reconciling with other autonomous system components. We also describe techniques that we have developed to validate that the system is able to autonomically respond to a wide variety of error conditions including the abrupt termination and recovery of key system components. Finally, we show the performance of the job management orchestrator recovery for a variety of workloads.
Design of robust redundant precoding filter banks with zero-forcing equalizers for unknown frequency-selective channels
Authors: J. Milanovic
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

Redundant multirate filter bank transceivers have been proposed for block-based transmission over channels whose characteristics are known at both the receiver and the transmitter. We propose a criterion for the design of such transceivers for applications in which the channel is not known at the transmitter. The design objective is the minimization of the average mean square error of the data estimates produced by a zero-forcing equalizer over a statistically modelled class of channels. Two solution methods are proposed, one of which appears to be amenable to modification for the solution of certain other robust performance problems. It is shown that the optimal transmitter provides substantially improved performance over a scheme based on multicarrier modulation.
Learning in intelligent embedded systems
Authors: Daniel D. Lee, H. Sebastian Seung
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Embedded Systems on Workshop on Embedded Systems (1999)

Information processing capabilities of embedded systems presently lack the robustness and rich complexity found in biological systems. Endowing artificial systems with the ability to adapt to changing conditions requires algorithms that can rapidly learn from examples. We demonstrate the application of one such learning algorithm on an inexpensive robot constructed to perform simple sensorimotor tasks. The robot learns to track a particular object by discovering the salient visual and auditory cues unique to that object. The system uses a convolutional neural network to combine color, luminance, motion, and auditory information. The weights of the networks are adjusted using feedback from a teacher to reflect the reliability of the various input channels in the surrounding environment. We also discuss how unsupervised learning can discover features in data without external interaction. An unsupervised algorithm based upon nonnegative matrix factorization is able to automatically learn the different parts of objects. Such a parts-based representation of data is crucial for robust object recognition.
Temperature-aware NBTI modeling and the impact of input vector control on performance degradation
Authors: Yu Wang, Hong Luo, Ku He, Rong Luo, Huazhong Yang, Yuan Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

As technology scales, Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), which causes temporal performance degradation in digital circuits by affecting PMOS threshold voltage, is emerging as one of the major circuit reliability concerns. In this paper, we first investigate the impact of NBTI on PMOS devices and propose a novel temporal performance degradation model for digital circuits considering the temperature difference between active and standby mode. For the first time, the impact of input vector control (to minimize standby leakage) on the NBTI is investigated. Minimum leakage vectors, which lead to minimum circuit performance degradation and remains maximum leakage reduction rate, are selected and used during the standby mode. Furthermore, the potential to save the circuit performance degradation by internal node control techniques during circuit standby mode is discussed. Our simulation results show that: 1) the active and standby time ratio and the standby mode temperature have considerable impact on the circuit performance degradation; 2) the NBTI-aware IVC technique leads to an average 3% savings of the total circuit degradation; while the potential of internal node control may lead to 10% savings of the total circuit degradation.
Distributed Memo: A Heterogeneously Distributed and Parallel Software Development Environment
Authors: William T. O'Connell, George K. Thiruvathukal, Thomas W. Christopher
Venue: Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 02 (1994)

Heterogeneously distributed and parallel computing environments are highly dependent on hardware, data migration, and protocols. The result is significant difficulty in software reuse, portability across platforms, and an increased overall development effort. The appearance of a shared directory of unordered queues can be provided by integrating heterogeneous computers transparently. This integration provides a conducive environment for parallel and distributed application development, by abstracting the issues of hardware and communication. Object oriented technology is exploited to provide this seamless environment.
Immigrants and the Job Search: Comparing the Internet to Other Paths to Jobs
Authors: Arent Greve, Janet W. Salaff, Elic Chan
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Highly educated immigrants face many barriers to employment in Canada, especially in acquiring jobs at the same level as those they had held prior to migration. This exploratory study focuses on the outcome of the job searches of skilled PRC immigrants. Local employers rarely recognize the immigrants' human capital as indicated by their foreign credentials and work experience. Immigrants can alter this reception somewhat by sending "signals' to prospective employers that do not denote these foreign attributes. We compare three job search paths-social networks, employment agents, and the internet-to describe how each constructs and filters "signals' about their capabilities and appropriateness for various jobs. We then determine which path results in better employment. Analyzing data from 303 respondents to our on-line survey and 28 follow-up interviews, our results suggest that the internet is the best path to obtain good employment, measured by job status.
Dual-Pulse CS-CELP: a toll-quality low-complexity speech coder at 7.8 kbit/s
Authors: H. Ohmuro, J. Ikedo, T. Moriya, A. Kataoka, S. Hayashi, K. Mano
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

Low-cost highly-efficient speech coding is important for personal multimedia communications. In this paper we propose a new low-complexity speech coding method called "Dual-Pulse CS-CELP (DP-CS-CELP)" at 7.8 kbit/s. This method is based on ITU-T G.729. To reduce the complexity, we applied a new excitation model to the random code vectors and simplified the LPC coding, adaptive codebook search, perceptual weighting, and the other structures. The number of operations for this encoder is 3.80 MOPS, which achieves real-time speech coding and decoding on personal computers. Although the efficiency of this coder is a little lower than that of G.729, the MOS listening test showed that the subjective quality was equivalent to or a little better than that of G.726 (32-kbit/s ADPCM).
NAF: the NetSA aggregated flow tool suite
Authors: Brian Trammell, Carrie Gates
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Large Installation System Administration (2006)

In this paper we present a new suite of tools - NAF (for NetSA Aggregated Flow) - that accepts network flow data in multiple different formats and flexibly processes it into time-series aggregates represented in an IPFIX-based data format. NAF also supports both unidirectional and bidirectional flow data by matching uniflows into biflows where sufficient information is available. These tools are designed for generic aggregation of flow data with a focus on security applications. They can be used to reduce flow data for long-term storage, summarize it as the first step in numerical analysis, or as a back-end to flow data visualization processes.
Go with the flow: a design project to build community
Authors: E. M. Cashman
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

This paper describes the implementation of a hydraulic flume project that integrates an academic club project with a senior engineering design course and an introductory level engineering design course. This flume project incorporates multiple educational objectives including the demonstration of engineering design principles, community education outreach, service learning and peer mentoring.
DCT-domain blind measurement of blocking artifacts in DCT-coded images
Authors: A. C. Bovik
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

A method for DCT-domain blind measurement of blocking artifacts is proposed. By constituting a new block across any two adjacent blocks, the blocking artifact is modeled as a 2-D step function. A fast DCT-domain algorithm has been derived to constitute the new block and extract all parameters needed. Then an human visual system (HVS) based measurement of blocking artifacts is conducted. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness and stability of our method. The proposed technique can be used for online image/video quality monitoring and control in applications of DCT-domain image/video processing.
Towards a Model Based Paradigm for Efficient Coding of Context Dependent Video Material
Authors: S. J. C. Davies, D. Agrafiotis, C. N. Canagarajah, D. R. Bull
Venue: Proceedings of the Eight International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (2007)

This paper proposes a generalised framework for model based, context dependent video coding, based on exploita- tion of characteristics of the human visual system. The sys- tem utilises variable quality coding, based on a map which is created using context dependent rules. The technique is demonstrated for a specific video context, namely open signed content. Consequently a model for gaze prediction in open signed content is developed, based upon motion and shot changes. The framework is shown to achieve a consid- erable improvement in coding efficiency for the given con- text.
Digital Relationships in the "MySpace" Generation: Results From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Catherine Dwyer
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

A qualitative study was conducted to explore how subjects use social networking sites and instant messenger to engage in interpersonal relationships. The results were used to develop a preliminary framework that models how attitudes towards privacy and impression management, when mediated by technology, translate into social interactions. This paper begins with a review of relevant literature, then describes the experimental design, summarizes the results, introduces the framework, and finishes with a discussion of conclusions and implications for future research. This paper describes the collection and analysis of qualitative data, and its use to inform a preliminary theoretical framework that can support future research into the design of systems that support social interactions.
Modeling the new-product development cycle: open-ended problem solving with design, technical communications and test/measurement content for electrical and computer engineering seniors at The University of Texas at El Paso
Authors: J. Myers
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1998)

Over a two-semester sequence, senior electrical and computer engineering students at The University of Texas at El Paso, working in three-person teams, engage in the primary activities associated with new product development. The first semester includes definition of product (or system) functional and performance goals, R&D project scheduling and staffing, documentation of a high level architecture and detailed design with simulation or modular partial-prototyping. The second semester is devoted to the development of a complete functional prototype or working model with the attendant bench work, design revisions and documentation updates. First semester deliverables include requests for proposals, formal written and oral proposals with Gantt charts and architecture block diagrams, midpoint oral progress reports and an initial design documentation package including schematics, flowcharts, parts lists, simulation results and a theory of operation narrative. The second semester culminates with faculty and industry visitors evaluating the functionality at a poster session and the understanding and discussion of their work at formal oral presentations, as well as a final package of "as-built" documentation. This paper discusses the detailed structure and scheduling of the courses and changes that have been implemented over the last few years to increase the project-performance success rate and reduce the number of incompletes, including concepts borrowed from cooperative learning and formal project management.
Resource Assessment using Market Indices: Toward an Economic Grid Exchange Model
Authors: Nicolas Dube, Marc Parizeau
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications (2007)

This paper is revisiting computational Grid economy models with an innovative, unrestricted and purely market regulated approach where both the consumer and provider standpoints are considered. The paper starts by outlining the actual Grid model shortcomings in regards to sharing incentive, return on investment, resource usage efficiency and quality of service accountability. Subsequently, a replacement for the traditional utility function is presented in the form of an aggregation of statistical indices computed from previous transactions. While this sharing scheme is based on economic foundations, its intent is not to transform the Grid in an expensive capitalist system. Targeted goal is rather to stimulate sharing by assessing resources dynamically in some form of abstract grid unit fostering supercomputing democratization.
Digital Watermarking Based on Image Centroid Resistant to Rotation and Scaling
Authors: J. Alberto Mendez-Polanco, A. Cristina Palacios Garcia, Raul Rodriguez-Colin, Claudia Feregrino-Uribe
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (2007)

In this paper an algorithm resistant to geometrical (rotation and scaling) distortions is presented in order to embed a watermark based on the centroid of a color image. Tests with different kinds of color images and different watermarks were made and the results are compared against other approach.
Estimation and segmentation of a dense disparity map for 3D reconstruction
Authors: M. Rziza
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

This paper presents a new algorithm of disparity map segmentation in planar facets. The origins of this method lie in the process of dense disparity map estimation, using the dynamic programming subject to interest points previously extracted. The segmentation of this map uses the normal vector at each pixel surface. The matching of pixels between the two images by dynamic programming provides us with a scattered disparity map. So the densification of this map is achieved by matching contour points extracted between the two available images. Experiments with real images have validated our method and have clearly shown the improvement over the existing methods. The dense disparity map obtained is reliable when compared to classical methods. We also get a normal vector map segmented in contours and in homogeneous regions reflecting 3D planar facets.
Model Checking Software at Compile Time
Authors: Ansgar Fehnker, Ralf Huuck, Patrick Jayet, Michel Lussenburg, Felix Rauch
Venue: Proceedings of the First Joint IEEE/IFIP Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2007)

Software has been under scrutiny by the verification community from various angles in the recent past. There are two major algorithmic approaches to ensure the correctness of and to eliminate bugs from such systems: software model checking and static analysis. Those approaches are typically complementary. In this paper we use a model checking approach to solve static analysis problems. This not only avoids the scalability and abstraction issues typically associated with model checking, it allows for specifying new properties in a concise and elegant way, scales well to large code bases, and the built-in optimizations of modern model checkers enable scalability also in terms of numbers of properties to be checked. In particular, we present Goanna, the first C/C++ static source code analyzer using the off-the-shelfmodel checker NuSMV, and we demonstrate Goanna's suitability for developer machines by evaluating its run-time performance, memory consumption and scalability using the source code of OpenSSL as a test bed.
Signal-to-score music transcription with graphical models
Authors: Avi Pfeffer
Venue:  (2006)

In the signal-to-score music transcription problem, a music signal is taken as input and the goal is to return a musical score that may have been used to produce the observed signal. In this thesis, we limit the input to be a monophonic signal. Our approach is to use two processing stages: one that deals with the signal side of the problem, and the other with the score and performance side. The two stages are not completely independent, as one of our main contributions is to allow the second stage to correct errors made in the first stage. The first stage fragments the input signal into a sequence of sound events using a hierarchical onset detector. Having this stage reduces the length and dimension of the observation sequence, and also makes the system less instrument specific. While we cannot assume that this first stage perfectly segments the audio signal into notes, we can design it such that it reports many extraneous onsets, but in return will only miss a negligible number of onsets. The second stage uses a family of graphical models to get from sound events to a musical score. This is posed as a MAP state estimation problem, where the variables of interest are not only notated pitches and note lengths, but also segmentation variables that determine the regrouping of sound events. The regrouping is aimed at correcting the errors made in the first stage. The MAP estimation problem is solved using two different inference methods: an exact method with pruning of configurations guaranteed not to be the solution, and an approximate method that uses MCMC sampling to search over different configurations. To evaluate the overall system, we use two separate corpora in different musical styles, meters and instruments. We include a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of the two inference methods. The experimental results show that a two-staged approach is well-suited to the music transcription problem. They also confirm the necessity of searching through possible regroupings of sound events: without this, the errors from the first stage are magnified in subsequent rhythm transcription.
Visualization of Spatial Data Structures on Different Levels of Abstraction
Authors: Jussi Nikander, Ari Korhonen, Eiri Valanto, Kirsi Virrantaus
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

Spatial data structures are used to manipulate location data. The visualization of such structures faces many challenges that are not relevant in the visualization of one-dimensional data. The visualized data can be represented using several different types of visual metaphors. These metaphors can be divided into several different levels of abstraction depending on the purpose of the visualization. This paper proposes a division of data structure visualization into four levels of abstraction, and shows how these abstractions can be taken into account in the visualization of spatial data structures.
Performance Analysis of an Optimistic Simulator for CD++
Authors: Qi Liu, Gabriel Wainer
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Simulation Symposium (2007)

DEVS is a formalism to describe generic dynamic systems in a hierarchical and modular way. We present new techniques for executing DEVS and Cell- DEVS models in parallel and distributed environments based on the warped kernel. The parallel simulator PCD++ has been extended to support optimistic simulations. A non-hierarchical approach is employed to reduce the communication overhead. A two-level user-controlled state-saving mechanism is proposed to achieve efficient and flexible state saving at runtime. It is shown that optimistic PCD++ markedly outperforms other alternatives, and considerable speedups can be achieved in parallel and distributed simulations.