ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the expressive power of Dynamic Logic (Preliminary Report)
Authors: Albert R. Meyer, Karl Winklmann
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1979)

We show that &ldquo;looping&rdquo; of while-programs can be expressed in Regular First-Order Dynamic Logic, disproving a conjecture made in [Harel-Pratt 1978]. In addition we show that the expressive power of quantifier-free Dynamic Logic increases when nondeterminism is introduced in the programs that are part of formulae of Dynamic Logic. Allowing assignments of random values to variables increases the expressive power even further.
On the use of physical models to simulate assembly plant operations
Authors: S. B. O'Reilly, K. W. Casey
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

This paper describes the use of a physical model to emulate operation of a paint selectivity bank. The purpose of the selectivity bank is to allow resequencing of cars from the paint department prior to going to the trim and chassis departments in an automotive assembly plant. The physical model has been used to study dynamic interaction among system components and to validate computer simulation models. The presentation will conclude with a videotape of both the plant selectivity bank and the physical model in operation.
An analysis and simulation of an experimental Suez Canal traffic control system
Authors: Thomas D. Clark,  Jr., Magdi M. Kabil, Moussa I. Moussa Mostafa
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1983)

A SLAM model of Suez Canal traffic flow is reported in this paper. An experimental traffic control scheme is proposed, tested, and discussed. A method for analysis of multi-response-variable systems is discussed and illustrated.
A high-density multilayer PCB router based on necessary and sufficient conditions for single row routing
Authors: Raymond Y. Tsui, Robert J. Smith,  II
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

This paper presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for routability of a list of two-point nets to be wired in a single row without using vias (single row routing) in a different formulation from that in [9]. These conditions are expressed in terms of left and right block counts (number of left and right blockages that will be encountered by each net if all nets in the list are routed in the same channel) of nets in the net list. An efficient routing algorithm which exploits these necessary and sufficient conditions is presented. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of this algorithm are also given. Possible practical applications exploiting this set of necessary and sufficient conditions are suggested.
On the equivalences of data based systems
Authors: Edgar H. Sibley
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) workshop on Data description, access and control: Data models: Data-structure-set versus relational (1975)

Practitioners of data base technology have been somewhat confused by the many different systems for describing and manipulating data. The two major approaches that have emerged may be termed the relational or set theoretic, and the data structured or procedural. There are obviously differences in these, but there are also similarities.
Ray tracing volume densities
Authors: James T. Kajiya, Brian P Von Herzen
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

This paper presents new algorithms to trace objects represented by densities within a volume grid, e.g. clouds, fog, flames, dust, particle systems. We develop the light scattering equations, discuss previous methods of solution, and present a new approximate solution to the full three-dimensional radiative scattering problem suitable for use in computer graphics. Additionally we review dynamical models for clouds used to make an animated movie.
A method of computing shock waves
Authors: D. C. Leigh
Venue: Proceedings of the 1956 11th ACM national meeting (1956)

The subject of this paper is a numerical procedure for the computation of the variables of axisymmetric rotational flow at a shock wave in a flow field computed by the method of characteristics. The procedure can be extended to the method of characteristics in three independent variables.
Incorporation of false alarms in simulations of electronic receivers
Authors: V. P. Sobczynski, C. J. Pearson
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

A simple method for simulating false alarms in simulations of electronic receivers is developed. False alarms are an important part of electronic receivers and previously their generation was computationally complex because of their random nature and very small probability of occurrence. The approach derives the probability density function of the time between false alarms and shows how, for typical values of false alarm probability, the density function may be approximated by a discrete uniform density. Procedures are outlined for simulating false alarms both in the absence and presence of jamming. Also, a method is shown for representing the false alarm as having a finite width commensurate with the bandwidth of the receiver. A rapid computer algorithm for obtaining the amplitude of a false alarm is derived.
Relational data handling techniques in integrated circuit mask layout procedures
Authors: Giorgio Valle
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

The organization of the data structure has traditionally been a key element in the design of successful interactive systems, either aiming at specific technical applications as the ones related to computer aided design procedures or at more general information systems within a project or a production process. Data are created and retrieved in a dynamic unpredicted occurrence; some data share common properties which, if taken into account, could reduce the amount of stored data; efficiency in response time to user's action is a requirement which is often satisfied through pointers and other programming techniques which result in heavy system dependency and difficulty in a precise system documentation. These deficiencies lead to inability for the casual user to understand and use the system without extensive training when non-standard applications are needed and to inadequacy for the procedure devised to cope with an overall system optimization, where a system means not only a single design process but its influence on the design of other related processes, its consequences on the production scheduling and more generally its effects on the company management. With these problems in mind, this paper investigates the concept of organizing the data as sets. Thus it is possible to formalize the operations upon data as set operations, borrowing and extending from set theory. Common fields in different sets could be either replicated or not, depending upon the user's decision concerning the most efficient way of organizing the data.
A computer package for ranking, selection, and multiple comparisons with the best
Authors: Shanti S. Gupta, Jason C. Hsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

RS-HCB is the simultaneous computer implementation of Ranking and Selection (RS) and Multiple Comparisons with the Best (MCB) procedures. This is made possible by recent developments in statistics which showed that Ranking and Selection (both Subset Selection Indifference Zone) can be executed simultaneously with Multiple Comparisons with the Best without increasing the error rate of any component inference, for equal as well as unequal sample sizes. These developments are described, and the use of RS-MCB is illustrated with sample computer sessions.
Simulating large flow networks in underground media
Authors: Gerald N. Pitts, Paul B. Crawford
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

This paper presents a new model for simulating the flow behavior describing the efficiency of oil recovery in underground geologic formations. Simulation of the oil displacement problems involve the solution of large numbers of simultaneous equations incorporating the properties of both the fluid and the rock as well as the well patterns. This paper describes in detail the equations used for simulation and the development of the new simulation technique. The application of the new method incorporates a statistical representation of the rock containing the oil and application of flow equations to ascertain the oil recovery efficiency. The oil recovery efficiency is measured by the areal sweep obtained from each separate well pattern by computerized particle tracking of the fluid. The goal is to simulate various oil recovery methods for comparison. This provides a means for selecting a most optimum technique which results in maximum oil recovery and minimum cost. A number of figures are provided to show the results of the simulation technique. Tables and figures show comparisons of the oil recovery efficiency using the new simulation method.
Hardware/software tradeoffs in a variable word width, variable queue length buffer memory
Authors: A. C. Parker, A. W. Nagle
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1977)

This paper describes a buffer memory design which is integratable on a single 40 pin package. The memory consists of four variable word width, variable length queues, address logic, and logic for configuring the data widths and queue lengths. Simple program commands input on the data lines reconfigure the memories when the circuit is in program mode. In data mode, WRITE and READ requests to a particular buffer enable the memory to load and access itself, update its pointers, and check for full, empty, and bottom of queue conditions. This design is compared to software methods for queue maintenance. Speed of operation, in terms of memory cycles and register transfers is compared for the two methods, and the hardware complexity of both methods is discussed. A short discussion of hard and software tradeoffs is followed by conclusions.
Approaches to design of high level languages for microprogramming
Authors: Patrick W. Mallett, T. G. Lewis
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

The development of a programming language for microprocessors (we will use the term microprocessor to refer to the hardware host to be microprogrammed) differs from the development of languages for conventional processors [5, 6]. The difference is traced to: (1) concurrency of hardware (2) limited writable local memory (3) main memory access delay and I/0 control (4) limited microprocessor instruction repertoire (5) special hardware characteristics that impact heavily upon machine efficiency. These features impose restrictions upon the compiler writer that have not been fully overcome [5, 6, 8, 10, 14]. Writable control memory, for example, places severe restrictions on the designer who wishes to implement a syntax driven compiler that produces many intermediate results that must be stored. It is not the intention of this paper to advocate a solution to any of the five problems listed above or to propose a particular language design. Instead we will present a basic compilation model (see Figure 1) and briefly discuss some of the alternatives to be considered at each level of the model. The discussion is broken into five areas: (a) syntax design, (b) phase I interface design, (c) intermediate language design, (d) phase II interface design, and (e) micro-instruction format considerations. In addition section 3 presents various arguments on timing and concurrency recognition. Finally, section 4 proposes a translator writing system to aid in microcompiler (a translator that produces microprograms) development.
VLSI, computer science, and synergetic research
Authors: H. T. Kung
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 computer science conference (1983)

&ldquo;The LSI and VLSI revolution&rdquo; has probably become one of the most frequently mentioned phrases in discussions concerning technology trends. Microprocessors have entered most of our homes, offices and laboratories. Students in universities have begun to learn chip design, and prototype chips are routinely being designed and fabricated for various research projects. What will be the impacts of VLSI to us as computer scientists and to the discipline of computer science in general? I believe that the impacts will be profound and will be much greater than most of us can imagine today. In this talk I will present a simplified view of this matter. In particular, I will suggest a style of synergetic system research as a model to explore the potential of VLSI, an area where impressive advances have been made in recent years and are expected to continue the foreseeable future.
Cognitive processes in information storage and retrieval
Authors: Benjamin L. Somberg
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

The typical office of today is deluged with papers of all sorts. There are reports, memos, forms, letters, and countless other types of documents. Even the most organized individuals have certainly faced the frustration of trying to locate a particular document among the hundreds of papers which reside in their office. When asked to estimate the percentage of the typical work day which is occupied by the filing and/or retrieval of information, responses by managers and executives tend to be in the 10 to 12 percent range. The following observed trends suggest that as we progress towards the &ldquo;office-of-the-future&rdquo; a similar type of problem will arise. A rapidly increasing number of our daily activities are going to be accomplished through the assistance of a computer. Whereas not too many years ago computers were employed primarily for numerical data processing, today they are involved in tasks ranging from word processing and communication to manufacturing and accounting. The other important trend is the integration of various functions into single systems or workstations. Rather than having separate systems for electronic mail, word processing, accounting, etc., integrated systems combine many such features. The outcome of these two trends is that in a short amount of time an individual will accumulate a substantial number of computer files (e.g., memos, reports, budgets, mail, personnel files, etc.) to which periodic access may be required. As the number of such items increases, remembering what sequence of key presses will provide access to a particular piece of information can become a fairly difficult chore. As we know that human memory is fallible, it is essential that systems be designed which make the task of storing and retrieving information as simple and efficient as possible. The approach which we advocate is to examine the type of strategies which people naturally find useful for retrieving documents and to allow these strategies to be employed in computerized systems. What we will present here is a framework which outlines the types of processes which people engage in while filing and retrieving documents in a &ldquo;paper office&rdquo;. We feel that many of the same processes could be made useful in the &ldquo;electronic office&rdquo;.
Digital test generation and design for testability
Authors: John Grason, Andrew W. Nagle
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

This paper is a tutorial intended primarily for individuals just getting started in digital testing. Basic concepts of testing are described, and the steps in the test development process are discussed. A pragmatic approach to test sequence generation is presented, oriented towards ICs interconnected on a board. Finally, design for testability techniques are described, with an emphasis on solving problems that appeared during the test generation discussion.
The incorporation of functional level element routines into an existing digital simulation system
Authors: E. W. Thompson, Patrick Karger, W. R. Read,  Jr., Don Ross, John Smith, Richard Von Blucher
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

CC-TEGAS3 is a digital logic simulation system containing subsystems which can perform three different modes of simulation. These modes are used for logic or design verification, worst case timing analysis, and fault simulation. The basic device models are for Boolean gates, a wide range of flip-flops and latches, and a number of MOS elements such as transfer gates. A comprehensive list of functional level device models were incorporated into the system and the resulting system is called CC-TEGAS4. This approach was considered advantageous for today's technology, and an absolute necessity for the LSI and VLSI technologies that are forthcoming. This paper is concerned with the problems encountered and some of the techniques used to implement these functional level models, and results obtained in terms of reduction in required computer resources needed to simulate a network utilizing these new models.
The transfer of information and authority in a protection system
Authors: Matt Bishop, Lawrence Snyder
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1979)

In the context of a capability-based protection system, the term &ldquo;transfer&rdquo; is used (here) to refer to the situation where a user receives information when he does not initially have a direct &ldquo;right&rdquo; to it. Two transfer methods are identified: de jure transfer refers to the case when the user acquires the direct authority to read the information; de facto transfer refers to the case when the user acquires the information (usually in the form of a copy and with the assistance of others), without necessarily being able to get the direct authority to read the information. The Take-Grant Protection Model, which already models de jure transfers, is extended with four rewriting rules to model de facto transfer. The configurations under which de facto transfer can arise are characterized. Considerable motivational discussion is included.
An internship in information systems: Combining computer science education with realistic problems
Authors: John Buck, Ben Shneiderman
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1976)

Computer science graduates who become professional programmers will have a direct and substantial influence on the impact of applications, but little in traditional computer science training curriculum prepares them for this serious responsibility. Recognizing this situation, we designed a two term sequence for advanced undergraduates and masters students which would not only provide them with the required academic knowledge. The educational atmosphere that we tried to create resembles the internship phase followed in teacher training, medical schools, law schools, clinical psychology and other disciplines.
The changing face of instructional computing
Authors: Rich Stillman
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1982)

The precipitous drop in the cost of CPU cycles, coupled with increased public awareness of computers due to the proliferation of microcomputers, is changing the common perception of what a computer &ldquo;should&rdquo; be used for. As this change takes place, it is important for computer center planners to realize that they will be called upon to deliver services outside of the traditional computer role, and to deliver them to an ever larger number of users. This paper is an attempt to address the problem of how to adjust to this growing, changing demand for computing within the academic community.
Simulation of effects of uncertainty in large linear models
Authors: Anthony V. Sebald, Clark W. Bullard
Venue: Proceedings of the 76 Bicentennial conference on Winter simulation (1976)

Leontief Input Output (I-O) models contain large numbers of parameters which must be estimated. These models are widely used in energy and economic analyses without mention of the fact that relatively large estimation errors can cause large errors in model outputs. This paper discusses a simulation performed on a 90 sector I-O energy model in an attempt to statistically quantify the effects of these estimation errors on the entire Leontief inverse (I-A)-1, the vector of total output X, and the vector of total primary energy intensities &egr; (i.e. the total out of ground energy embodied in a unit of output of each sector). Bias relative to published values, variance measures and their relation to error bounds and the sensitivity of the results to assumptions on estimation errors are discussed. In particular, the sample means &mgr; are virtually all within 2% of their respective published values. It is further shown that 3&&sgr;circ;/&&mgr;circ; (where &&sgr;circ;2 is the unbiased estimate of the variance of an element of the result set) is less than 20% in most cases. Confidence intervals on &&mgr;circ; and &&sgr;circ; are small enough that the above results would not change substantially if the sample statistics were replaced by the population means and standard deviations. These results are further shown to be quite stable with respect to assumptions on estimation error statistics since doubling the estimation uncertainty only increased the output uncertainty by a factor of two. Finally, the stochastic error bounds on model outputs derived here are shown to be significantly lower than previously available worst case bounds which assumed no error cancellation.
PAS-LOP: An automatic module location system for PWB
Authors: Gotaro Odawara, Kazuhiko Iijima, Naoto Ichihara, Tetsuro Kiyomatsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

In this paper, an automatic module location system for Printed Wiring Boards (PWB's) is discussed. This system is named LOP (LOcation Processor) and is a subsystem of PAS (Packaging Automation System) which is a total design system for PWB's. The most important feature of the LOP is an objective function settled for optimizing the module location. This optimization aims at both the minimum of total wire length and the uniformly distributed wire. And these factors are indispensable for getting a good location for both the automatic routing process and the PWB manufacturing process. By several experiments, the routing efficiency has been improved and good wiring patterns have been acquired with an automatic routing program.
Description of a high capacity fast turnaround university computing center
Authors: W. C. Lynch
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the performance and operation of the UNIVAC 1107 computing system installed at the Andrew R. Jennings Computing Center at the Case Institute of Technology. The Center employs an open-shop type philosophy that appears to be unique among large scale installations. This philosophy leads to turnaround times which are better by an order of magnitude than those commonly being obtained with comparable scale equipment.
An automatic telephone directory inquiry service system
Authors: Y. H. Chin, J. W. Jou, W. H. Peng, C. C. Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1 (1974)

A real-time, on-line information storage and retrieval system for telephone information service has been designed. The input and output of the system are processed in Chinese via a keyboard and a graphic display unit respectivey. Functions of the system include: sorting, merging, updating, displaying, and printing of data. In order to avoid a serial, exhaustive search, the file is subdivided into blocks of length x. The optimal size of each block is determined so that the average number of comparisons (file accesses) to locate a record is minimized versus some combined search methods. The system has been tested on a telephone office of medium capacity, roughly 8000 subscribers. The number of daily queries is about 1600 and the updating rate is approximately 50. By comparison of the slowest system's response time (0.24 sec.) with the quickest manual response time, the system is, at least , 130 times faster.