ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Using SCR to specify requirements of the BART advanced automated train control system
Authors: Constance Heitmeyer
Venue: High integrity software (2001)

Since its introduction in 1978, the SCR (Software Cost Reduction) tabular notation has been used to represent the requirement of numerous safety-critical systems, including avionics systems, space systems, and control systems for nuclear plants. Our group has formulated a state-machine semantics for the SCR notation and a set of software tools for analyzing requirements specifications in the SCR tabular notation. To demonstrate the benefits of the SCR method for developing safety-critical systems, this chapter describes the application of SCR to a complex portion of the Advanced Automated Train Control (AATC) system under development for the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system. Examples from an SCR specification of the required behavior of the AATC system are provided. The positive impact of applying our approach to the construction of the AATC system is summarized, and some important issues raised during the case study are discussed.
Hatching by example: a statistical approach
Authors: Pierre-Marc Jodoin, Emric Epstein, Martin Granger-Piché, Victor Ostromoukhov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering (2002)

We present a new approach to synthetic (computer-aided) drawing with patches of strokes. Grouped strokes convey the local intensity level that is desired in drawing. The key point of our approach is learning by example: the system does not know a priori the distribution of the strokes. Instead, by analyzing a sample (training) patch of strokes, our system is able to synthesize freely an arbitrary sequence of strokes that "looks like" the given sample. Strokes are considered as parametrical curves represented by a vector of random variables following a Markovian distribution. Our method is based on Shannon's N-gram approach and is a direct extension of Efros's texture synthesis models [EL99; EF01]. Nevertheless, one major difference between our method and traditional texture synthesis is the use of such curves as a basic element instead of pixels. We define a statistical metric for comparison between different patches containing various layouts of strokes. We hope that our method performs a first step towards capturing a very difficult notion of style in drawing --- hatching style in our case. We illustrate our method by varied examples, ranging from typical hatching in traditional drawing to highly heterogeneous sets of strokes.
Neurall Networks for Vision
Authors: Robert Linggard
Venue:  (1992)

:This book is written by researchers at BT Laboratories and at universities who have investigated a set of problems in vision, speech and natural language.
A dynamic call admission policy with precision QoS guarantee using stochastic control for mobile wireless networks
Authors: Si Wu, K. Y. Michael Wong, Bo Li
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2002)

Call admission control is one of the key elements in ensuring the quality of serivce in mobile wireless networks. The traditional trunk reservation policy and its numerous variants give preferential treatment to the handoff calls over new arrivals by reserving a number of radio channels exclusively for handoffs. Such schemes, however, cannot adapt to changes in traffic pattern due to the static nature. This paper introduces a novel stable dynamic call admission control mechanism (SDCA), which can maximize the radio channel utilization subject to a predetermined bound on the call dropping probability. The novelties of the proposed mechanism are: 1) it is adaptive to wide range of system parameters and traffic conditions due to its dynamic nature; 2) the control is stable under overloading traffic conditions, thus can effectively deal with sudden traffic surges; 3) the admission policy is stochastic, thus spreading new arrivals evenly over a control period, and resulting in more effective and accurate control; and 4) the model takes into account the effects of limited channel capacity and time dependence on the call dropping probability, and the influences from nearest and next-nearest neighboring cells, which greatly improve the control precision. In addition, we introduce local control algorithms based on strictly local estimations of the needed traffic parameters, without requiring the status information exchange among different cells, which makes it very appealing in actual implementation. Most of the computational complexities lie in off-line precalculations, except for the nonlinear equation of the acceptance ratio, in which a coarse-grain numerical integration is shown to be sufficient for stochastic control. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme steadily satisfies the hard constraint on call dropping probability while maintaining a high channel throughput.
Data-driven design of HMM topology for online handwriting recognition
Authors: Jay J. Lee, Jahwan Kim, Jin H. Kim
Venue: Hidden Markov models: applications in computer vision (2001)

Although HMM is widely used for online handwriting recognition, there is no simple and well-established method of designing the HMM topology. We propose a data-driven systematic method to design HMM topology. Data samples in a single pattern class are structurally simplified into a sequence of straight-line segments. Then the resulting multiple models of the class are combined to form an architecture of a multiple parallel-path HMM, which behaves as single HMM. To avoid excessive growing of the number of the states, parameter trying is applied such that structural similarity among patterns is reflected. Experiments on online Hangul recognition showed about 19% of error reductions, compared to the intuitive deisgn method.
Automating the development of a conceptual schema
Authors: James D. Powell, Doris P. Tillman
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual Southeast regional conference (1979)

An automative file design aid is proposed. The aid will generate a conceptual view of the data by merging user's functional views. A directed graph is used to represent the relationships within the conceptual schema. The procedure will input user relationships and convert the set of relationships into a conceptual schema. The functional view is represented by the hierarchical model, while the conceptual view utilizes the relational model.
Comparing voodoo dolls and HOMER: exploring the importance of feedback in virtual environments
Authors: Jeffrey S. Pierce, Randy Pausch
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves (2002)

When creating techniques for manipulating objects at a distance in immersive virtual environments, researchers have primarily focused on increasing selection range, placement range, and placement accuracy. This focus has led researchers to create and formally study a series of "arm-extension" techniques, which dynamically scale the user's arm to allow him to manipulate distant objects. Researchers have also developed representation-based techniques, which allow users to manipulate a distant object by manipulating a copy of it in a handheld representation. However, researchers have not yet formally established the relative value of these techniques. In this paper we present a formal study comparing Voodoo Dolls, a best-practice representation-based technique, with HOMER, a best-practice arm-extension technique. We found that the Voodoo Dolls technique, which provides better feedback by allowing users to view a manipulated object both up close and at a distance, allowed users to both position and orient objects more accurately. Our results suggest that researchers should focus on improving feedback for 3D manipulation techniques
Don't Just Surf: Effective Research Strategies for the Net
Authors: Maureen Henninger
Venue:  (1997)

:Everyone, it seems, is on Net. But what are they doing there? Many people are finding that they are so overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information, they never seem to find what they are looking for. This book is the answer to their prayers.In this comprehensive revision of the highly regarded 1997 edition, all the chapters have been updated with new information and references to new sites and tools. Thee are three important new chapters: Purchasing Information on the Web, Search Tools by Subject, and Effective Strategies. There is also a new section on different file types which also explains how to download using plug-ins. A chapter on new developments looks at individual site indexes and site maps and includes developments on research on metadata. Don't Just Surf is both user-friendly and overflowing with diagrams and tips. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
AutoCAD 14 Companion, 1st edition
Authors: James A. Leach
Venue:  (1998)

:Designed for instructor-led training in AutoCAD software,this new text covers the essentials of two-dimensional drawing construction and editing as well as three-dimensional solid modeling. This companion is especially well-suited for courses using additional discipline-specific concept texts such as Engineering Graphics Communication or Technical Graphics Communication,by Bertoline et al.
Running Microsoft FrontPage 98 with Cdrom
Authors: Jim Buyens
Venue:  (1997)

:It's packed with everything from quick, clear instructions for new users to comprehensive answers for power users. And it's complete in one volume. Create your own Web pages and sites the easy way - unique tools such as FrontPage components make it simple even for beginners; start fast with simple pages, and quickly move up to building full-fledged sites; use Microsoft FrontPage to streamline and automate site management chores - especially helpful if you're a Webmaster; and spare yourself the usual Web server problems - this is the one book that covers crucial server connection issues.
A database-oriented social services system: title XX
Authors: Wanda S. Talley Staggers
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th annual Southeast regional conference (1980)

INTRODUCTION Title XX of the Social Security Act was established by congress to assist the states in providing social services through federally-matched funding. These services are available without charge to eligible citizens of South Carolina. For the State of South Carolina an automated system was designed, implemented, and is being maintained by which client, service, provider, and delivery data may be reported as required by federal and state regulations. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The role of technology in supporting multiage classroom practices
Authors: Linda M. Espinosa, Weigh-Jen Chen
Venue: Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual (2001)

This article reports on the final evaluation of the project, Constructing and Networking for Multiage Learning. The project gave teachers access to the resources of the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) and supported their efforts to become more constructivist in their teaching. It included an infusion of technology and extensive staff development. The purposes of the evaluation were to assess classroom teaching practices, teacher concerns about multiage grouping, teacher concerns about using computers in their classrooms and for their own professional development, teacher experiences and attitudes about computers, and the extent of their computer use before the project began and at the conclusion of the three year project. Participants included 23 classroom teachers, grades K-5. Data collection included classroom observations, teacher interviews, teacher survey, and teacher journals. The results revealed that the teachers modified their teaching practices during the second year of the project, but reverted to more traditional practices by the end of the three years. The results also revealed that while almost all the teachers became successful technology users, their ability to implement constructivist teaching practices with the support of technology was limited. Conclusions focus on future training needs.
Continuous-Time Modeling and Simulation: Using Turbo Pascal and Ctms/TP, 1st edition
Authors: Lucio Tavernini
Venue:  (1996)

:While several books on simulation exist for engineers, this is the first book of its kind suitable for use by mathematicians. It covers differential equations with time (transport) delays in detail as well as problems with hysteresis. Uses the differential automaton model of hysteresis, which is an approach quite different from the well-known classical approach.Volume 2 provides an introduction to a very broad class of mathematical model-building techniques and illustrates how these models can be simulated using CTMS (Continuous-Time Model Simulation) embedded into an existing procedural programming language, Turbo Pascal. This simulation package, CTMS/TP, is simple, accurate, interactive, user-friendly and is IBM-PC compatible. It requires a hard disk with a minimum of two megabytes of free storage space, Turbo Pascal 7.0, DOS 3.0 or a higher release and a minimum of 512 Kbytes of RAM. A 3 1/2" diskette with the CTMS/TP simulation software is enclosed with the book. Replacement diskettes in the The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Easy Windows 95, 2nd edition
Authors: Susan Plumley
Venue:  (1997)

:Save time and effort - discover the fastest, easiest way to get up to speed with Windows 95. Easy Windows95, Second Edition shows you all the essentials in full color, so using the Windows operating system becomes an easy task. This fully illustrated step-by-step guide uses a proven approach to learning the basics. Just follow the simple directions, watch the tasks unfold on sample screens, and then do it yourself! Step-by-step lessons show you how to control the Windows 95 environment, create files and individual folders, share data with Windows 95, access the Web with Internet Explorer, send and receive e-mail messages, use Windows 95's built-in accessories, find help when you need it, and use DOS applications with Windows 95.
Point and Click Investor
Authors: Seth Godin
Venue:  (1996)

:When it comes to investment information, you can get a jump on the market by taking advantage of the thousands of online sites that cater to the needs of cyberinvestors. And Point & Click Investor is the best place to start. You can get online fast (use the enclosed disk for 15 free hours on America Online), find the best sources of information on newsgroups and investor resources, use the directory of mutual funds, and more. Follow the easy-to-use directions, get wired, and go! Cyberspace is full of tools to help you make smart, timely investment decisions. Using Point & Click Investor, you'll get the inside scoop on the best places to go, and the best directions on how to get there.
Adobe PhotoShop for MacIntosh, 2nd edition
Authors: Adobe Press
Venue:  (1994)

:Adobe Photoshop for Windows covers thirteen tutorial lessons that allow you to maximize the power and sophistication of the world's leading photo design and production tool. A CD-ROM is included so you can practice using the tools and features of Adobe Photoshop with professionally created electronic files. Classroom in a Book: Adobe Photoshop for Windows supports Adobe Photoshop version 2.5 or later.
QBASIC with an Introduction to Visual BASIC 5.0, 4th edition
Authors: David I. Schneider
Venue:  (1998)

:This introduction to Basic language programming using QBasic and Visual Basic hasthrough three previous editionssuccessfully taught readers the fundamentals of programming from the ground up, using the simplicity and clarity of QBasic to illustrate problem-solving techniques and structured programming. Designed for use with the IBM-PC and its compatibles, the book presents the fundamentals of computer programming, such as input, decision structures, and loop structures. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Recursive structures for standard ML
Authors: Claudio V. Russo
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming (2001)

Standard ML is a statically typed programming language that is suited for the construction of both small and large programs. "Programming in the small" is captured by Standard ML's Core language. "Programming in the large" is captured by Standard ML's Modules language that provides constructs for organizing related Core language definitions into self-contained modules with descriptive interfaces. While the Core is used to express details of algorithms and data structures, Modules is used to express the overall architecture of a software system. In Standard ML, modular programs must have a strictly hierarchical structure: the dependency between modules can never be cyclic. In particular, definitions of mutually recursive Core types and values, that arise frequently in practice, can never span module boundaries. This limitation compromises modular programming, forcing the programmer to merge conceptually (i.e. architecturally) distinct modules. We propose a practical and simple extension of the Modules language that caters for cyclic dependencies between both types and terms defined in separate modules. Our design leverages existing features of the language, supports separate compilation of mutually recursive modules and is easy to implement.
10 Minute Guide to cc: Mail
Authors: Kate Miller
Venue:  (1995)

:This quick and easy tutorial teaches the basics of the latest release of cc:Mail, plus an extensive section on cc:Mail Mobile. In approximately 20 mini-tutorials, each of which can be completed in 10 minutes or less, users will learn how to create and send messages, print out their mail, attach files, access email remotely, and more!Covers the basic and most often-used features of the latest release of cc:Mail and cc:Mail MobileThe perfect companion for busy people who need fast resultsSimple, two-color graphics helps users find the information they need easily
ML For the Working Programmer, 2nd edition
Authors: Lawrence C. Paulson
Venue:  (1996)

:In teaching the methods of functional programming--in particular, how to program in Standard ML, a functional language recently developed at Edinburgh University, the author shows how to use such concepts as lists, trees, higher-order functions and infinite data structures.
Faces on the Edge: Type in the Digital Age, 1st edition
Authors: Steven Heller
Venue:  (1997)

:More than any other graphic medium, today's fontography mirrors the traditions, eccentricities, and trends of modern society. Faces on the Edge, by prominent art director and author Steven Heller, is a spellbinding survey of the revolutionary effects of digital type design on 20th-century typography. More than 200 typefaces, from the classically inspired to the exuberantly (near) illegible, are featured in this compilation, illustrating how new technologies have dramatically increased the possibilities of type design. Included are typefaces from many of the world's most innovative type foundries, such as Emigre Fonts, FontShop International, Garage Fonts, Thirst Fonts, Exploding Fonts, and T-26, and represents some of the finest type designers such as Zuzana Licko, Rudy VanderLans, Jonathan Hoefler, Tobias Frere-Jones, Ed Fella, and Barry Deck. Typefaces are identified by date, designer, and foundry; a brief description text places each in the larger context of digital type history. With useful information on how to obtain and apply each typeface, Faces on the Edge is an indispensable resource for graphic designers, desktop designers, and students alike. Over 200 illustrations in color and black and white document the real-life application of these inventive typefaces in popular magazines, advertising, posters, and multimedia. Faces on the Edge is a vivid, timely account of what is undeniably a significant era of type design.
Elevator dynamic simulation using Petri nets
Authors: Kuo-Ming Chang, Chung-Kai Fan
Venue: Systems Analysis Modelling Simulation (2001)

The aim of this work is to realize the elevator discrete event dynamics due to the traveling request using Petri nets. Based on the proposed representation scheme, the efficiency of elevator group can be analyzed. The basic properties of Petri nets will be introduced firstly, and then an extended colored Petri net is developed to construct the elevator dynamic model. In this work, the proposed single elevator dynamic model can be modularized and then further extended to the multi elevator case effectively. C-language is used to simulate the elevator dynamics represented by the proposed Petri nets. From simulation results, the key issue to enhance the performance of elevator group can be further investigated. The methodology and simulation environment provided in this work is beneficial to the future study of elevator group scheduling.
Survivability in IP over WDM networks
Authors: Kulathumani Vinodkrishnan, Nikhil Chandhok, Arjan Durresi, Raj Jain, Ramesh Jagannathan, Srinivasan Seetharaman
Venue: Journal of High Speed Networks (2001)

The Internet is emerging as the new universal telecommunication medium. IP over WDM has been envisioned as one of the most attractive architectures for the new Internet. Consequently survivability is a crucial concern in designing IP over WDM networks. This paper presents a survey of the survivability mechanisms for IP over WDM networks and thus is intended to provide a summary of what has been done in this area and help further research. A number of optical layer protection techniques have been discussed. They are examined from the point of view of cost, complexity, and application. Survivability techniques are being made available at multiple layers of the network. This paper also studies the recovery features of each network layer and explains the impact of interaction between layers on survivability. The advantages and issues of multi-layer survivability have been identified. The main idea is that the optical layer can provide fast protection while the higher layers can provide intelligent restoration. With this idea in mind, a new scheme of carrying IP over WDM using MPLS or Multi Protocol Lambda-Switching has been discussed. Finally, an architecture is suggested by means of which the optical layer can perform an automatic protection switch, with priority considerations with the help of signaling from the higher layers.
Windows 3.1 Fundamentals, 1st edition
Authors: Carolyn Z. Gillay
Venue:  (1995)

:This book is intended for the user who wishes to explore a full range of Windows 3.1, from the basic to advanced level. With five additional chapters, Windows 3.1 Fundamentals is a more comprehensive guide to Windows than Windows 3.1 Companion. It provides a gradual, student-oriented development of Windows, and in doing so, material not only is easy to follow, but is thorough and organized as well. This is the perfect text for a three-credit, introductory course covering all levels of Windows 3.1.