ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Abstract families of processors
Authors: Gene F. Rose
Venue: Proceedings of the first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1969)

A &ldquo;processor&rdquo; is a Turing-like automaton with auxiliary storage. An &ldquo;abstract family&rdquo; of processors (AFP) consists of all processors that use the storage in the same way. Properties common to all AFP are derived. For a family of operations to be the output functions of some AFP, it is necessary and sufficient that certain word-sets representing its members form a full AFL (in the sense of Ginsburg and Greibach) closed under intersection and iterated finite substitution.2 For a family of word-sets to be the accepted languages of some AFP, it is necessary and sufficient that it be a full AFL closed under intersection and iterated finite substitution. The smallest full AFL of this kind is the family of all recursively enumerable sets.
Solving large vehicle routing and scheduling problems in small core
Authors: Lawrence Bodin
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

In this paper, an efficient implementation of the Clarke and Wright algorithm for solving the single depot vehicle routing and scheduling problem is presented. With this implementation, a 900 customer problem can be solved approximately in less than 9 seconds of CPU time and less than 128K bytes of storage on an IBM 3033 computer.
Office of the future: Using the structure of the human communication system to build the office of the future (I)
Authors: Irwin M. Jarett
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

The basic concept of the Office of the Future is a natural outgrowth of the expansion of computers helping people in business do what they could not, or would not, do. The presentation will be confined to describing how computers will be used to provide a technological linkage between the three parts of the human communication process and to clearly communicate complex financial information to all levels of management. Communication, or lack thereof, is one of the most serious problems constraining efficient business operations. The human communication system uses three basic input and output channels to pass information. These three channels&mdash;voice, the written word, and symbols&mdash;provide a complete, sensitive and effective process that permits humans to communicate one with another. The system consists of a sender sending a message over one or more of the channels at a time, and the receiver receiving the message through one or more of the channels. The channels can and most often do have &ldquo;static&rdquo; in them caused by either the sender, the receiver or the channel. The static is more prevalent in business because different professional cultures have different vocabularies and customs. The result of the static is three levels of communication problems in business organizations:
Computing: Taking the first byte
Authors: Anne Webster, Leila Lyons
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1984)

LAST YEAR, the Computing Planning Task Force of the University of Delaware recommended that the University adopt a goal for its 18,000 students. They proposed that &ldquo;60 percent of students should have some familiarity with computers, 20 percent should make significant use of them, [and] 20 percent should be fully conversant with all aspects of computing.&rdquo;1 At about the same time the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs directed Academic Computing Services to develop a program to promote computing awareness among the faculty. In addition, an anonymous grant to the Humanities Faculty for the purchase of microcomputers sparked new interest in computing among this group. This paper describes the on-going development of the &ldquo;Computing: Taking the First Byte&rdquo; program, a series of seminars and workshops for faculty in fields that are not historically associated with computing.
INQUIRE system overview
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Information storage and retrieval (1978)

INQUIRE is a versatile database management system with integrated information retrieval and full-text processing capabilities. Designed primarily for the end-user of information, INQUIRE features rapid start-up of applications and has a broad range of facilities for both technical and non-technical users. INQUIRE is operational on IBM System 360 or 370, Amdahl 470, or equivalent, under OS, VS, MVS, or CMS.
Statistical instrumentation of ECSS models
Authors: Robert S. Feingold, Yen W. Chao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on Simulation of computer systems (1974)

ECSS, the Extendable Computer System Simulator, is a preliminary language developed by the Rand Corporation for NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) with continuing work sponsored by the Air Force under Project RAND. As a superset language of SIMSCRIPT II, ECSS offers a powerful English-like syntax for describing computer hardware characteristics and the operations performed by software work-loads. In its present stage of development, ECSS does not contain statistics gathering and reporting routines capable of serving the inexperienced ECSS users. This paper describes a collection of SIMSCRIPT II routines developed specifically to provide a generalized, model independent instrumentation package for ECSS models. The basic methodology for collecting statistical information pertaining to ECSS jobs and devices is discussed along with the reports available and current plans for extending the package. A sample ECSS model is provided to illustrate the facilities of the statistical package.
Preemption costs in round robin scheduling
Authors: Charles M. Shub
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

Round robin scheduling with preemption costs taken into consideration is examined. Both a uniprocessor configuration and a multiprocessor configuration, one processor dedicated to the scheduling, are considered. Approximation formulae to obtain effective load on the system from the actual load and the overhead parameters are derived and compared with simulation results.
A multi-processor reduction machine for user-defined reduction languages.
Authors: Philip C. Treleaven, Geoffrey F. Mole
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

The design of a multi-processor reduction machine, supporting a class of user-defined reduction languages, is presented. A reduction machine is based on a &ldquo;by need&rdquo; or demand driven model of computation in which an instruction is executed only when a result it generates is requested. In such a machine, an instruction is a (variable length and possibly nested) expression and the machine language is referred to as a reduction language. In the multi-processor reduction machine presented, the asynchronous operation of a processor is controlled by a swappable, user-defined, state transition table. Each table supports a particular reduction language. To ensure the harmonious operation of the processors a state transition table is generated automatically for a user, in a similar way that a parser generator is used to generate table driven parsers.
Structure of an Inf-Doc-System and its realization as an Experimental System in APL plus
Authors: H. Steinhauer
Venue: Proceedings of seventh international conference on APL (1975)

There was a time when our team in the STIFTUNG REHABILITATION Heidelberg expanded suddenly and so did the literature which we needed for our work. To prevent the chaos to be expected I wrote an APL Plus program which was intended to bring some structure in our library. This program was named EXIS, i.e. Experimental Information System.
Microprogrammed enhancements to higher level languages - an overview
Authors: Stanley Habib
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

This paper traces the various explorations which have been made to demonstrate the performance improvements which can be obtained by implementing the compiling, translation and execution of higher level languages. In most instances computer architecture is based on instruction set design and much of the high level language implementation is done by software compiling into the instruction set of the machine. During the mid-1960's, several papers dealt with language performance improvements for FORTRAN or ALGOL machines. These discussions generally restricted themselves to a narrow problem in the entire spectrum of compilation problems. None address microprogrammed implementation of I/O functions for example. More recently we see the use of microprogram architecture for special purpose processors such as Fast Fourier Transform machines or array processors; speed ups for basic functions such as arithmetic calculations in Fortran. With the possibility of microroutines to implement basic functions, there was a renewed interest in the Interpretive processes. This points up the need for a high level microprogramming language. We discuss some of the work done in this area. The area which has not yet been fully addressed is to what extent one can utilize microprogram architecture for basic design of an effective high level language machine. In this paper we will outline the earlier work vis a vis language enhancements and then suggest the areas which must be further explored.
On the modelling, analysis and design of protocols - a special class of software structures
Authors: Mohamed G. Gouda, Eric G. Manning
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

In this paper we review briefly some of the formal models and techniques that can be applied on the modelling, analysis and design of communication protocols.
Software aids for microprogram development
Authors: Christopher Vickery
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

Debugging of microprograms can be approached in three ways: (1) with the aid of hardware test sets and monitors, (2) through interactive debugging programs, and (3) through simulation techniques. This paper discusses these three methods and describes an interactive debugging program and a simulator developed for debugging microprograms for the Interdata model 85 minicomputer.
Some consideration on the data model of geometric data bases
Authors: Jinglun Zhang, Renhua Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

This paper presents a required geometric model for mechanical parts and proposes a network + relational hybrid data model in the geometric data base system, in which the data structure is based on so called 'Complete Weak Connected Graph' (CWCG) and some new concepts such as 'Entity Type', 'Representation Type' and 'Entity' are put forward. In addition, we introduce a 'Set record' into a set to describe the semantic relation among records. We are trying to make the data model capable of reflecting the real world more exactly and more convenient to use.
Sentry: A novel hardware implementation of classic operating system mechanisms
Authors: Gene C. Barton
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1982)

A hardware protection mechanism called the Sentry is introduced which requires minimal overhead to be invoked and no overhead when providing protection. It is fail-safe, fault tolerant, and can be added to most existing architectures. It provides a convenient low level service suitable as the underlying primitive around which more sophisticated mechanisms can be established.
Does a computer have sexual preferences?
Authors: Lawrence J. Mazlack
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE-SIGCUE technical symposium on Computer science and education (1976)

At the University of Guelph there has been a single significant introductory computer science course. Approximately 50% of the University's full time undergraduate students have taken this course during their academic career. Sectioning and enrollment has generally been done without regard to academic program or semester in school. An examination of the past two years' results was performed utilizing the records of 1,350 students. Negligible correlations were found between a student's sex, academic program or semester in school when posed against the students' grades (both final and by grade component). All three results are contrary to the normal implicit assumptions regarding competitiveness between sexes, academic programs and student experience in a computer science course.
A model of extensible language systems
Authors: M. G. Notley
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Extensible languages (1971)

At the present time the subject of extensible languages appears to suffer from the lack of any central coherent framework to knit together the many pieces of individual work that are being done. This paper is an attempt, therefore, to fill that lack. What appears to be required is some central conceptual model or paradigm of languages and language extensibility onto which framework we can hang all these pieces of work. This paper, therefore, contains of four main points:- * The description of a very simple model of formal machine languages and their operation. * A discussion of the generality of this model. * A discussion of the usefulness of this model for the study of extensible languages. * An illustration of the application of the model by reference to an on-going implementation at the IBM (UK) Scientific Centre.
Computer Aided Programming: Techniques for software manufacturing
Authors: Paul Bassett
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

A software manufacturing paradigm is described which deals effectively with many issues long associated with software development and maintenance. In essence, Computer Aided Programming (CAP) is to software manufacturing what CAD/CAM is to conventional manufacturing. CAP is the first of a new generation of software manufacturing systems based on a standard sub-assembly approach. CAP provides an automated software development environment in which the computer handles the bulk of the work required to build and to maintain code. Featuring automatic assembly and customization of reusable code modules and generated code, CAP builds a complete program from specific goal-oriented instructions supplied by the user. The techniques of software manufacturing are applicable to all areas of software development where recurring problem classes can be identified.
Implementing streams on a data flow computer system with paged memory
Authors: L. J. Caluwaerts, J. Debacker, J. A. Peperstraete
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1983)

In several data flow architectures, &ldquo;streams&rdquo; are proposed as special data structures able to improve parallel execution in functional programs by providing a pipelining effect between different program parts. This paper describes how streams are implemented on a data flow computer system based on a paged memory. This memory holds both the data flow programs and data structures such as streams. Streams are stored in the memory as a linked list of pages while pointers to the streams are flowing as data tokens. A reference count is used to prevent for excessive copying of data and to control the allocation and recovery of pages. Input/output is treated as a special application of streams.
A micro-manual for LISP - not the whole truth
Authors: John McCarthy
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

LISP data are symbolic expressions that can be either atoms of lists. Atoms are strings of letters and digits and other characters not otherwise used in LISP. A list consists of a left parenthesis followed by zero or more atoms or lists separated by spaces and ending with a right parenthesis. Examples: A, ONION, (), (A), (A ONION A), (PLUS B (TIMES X PI) 1), (CAR (QUOTE (A B))). The LISP programming language is defined by rules whereby certain LISP expressions have other LISP expressions as values. The function called value that we will use in giving these rules is not part of the LISP language but rather part of the informal mathematical language used to define LISP. Likewise, the italic letters e and a (sometimes with subscripts) denote LISP expressions, the letter v (usually subscripted) denotes an atom serving as a variable, and the letter f stands for a LISP expression serving as a function name.
Ray tracing with cones
Authors: John Amanatides
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

A new approach to ray tracing is introduced. The definition of a &ldquo;ray&rdquo; is extended into a cone by including information on the spread angle and the virtual origin. The advantages of this approach, which tries to model light propagation with more fidelity, include a better method of anti-aliasing, a way of calculating fuzzy shadows and dull reflections, a method of calculating the correct level of detail in a procedural model and texture map, and finally, a procedure for faster intersection calculation.
An optimum layer assignment for routing in ICs and PCBs.
Authors: M. J. Ciesielski, E. Kinnen
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

An optimum layer assignment of interconnections in IC and two-layer PCB is derived. The assignment is optimal in the sense that it is achieved through a global minimization of contacts or vias. The problem is formulated as a 0,1 integer program and solved using a branch and bound technique. There are no constraints on contact location or on the number of wires that can be connected at each contact. Applications of this procedure to VLSI circuits are discussed.
A time-dependent approach to queue simulation - III: system input and facility loading
Authors: Errol H. Pollnow
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

The principal area of discussion is directed towards the definition and description of a total framework of queueing system input for the computer simulation of congestion problems with time-dependent, continuous-flow representation. The generation of load is discussed in terms of the load as seen at the service facilities and is shown to originate at any instant from two effectively independent sources - external to the system and from a second source of real load, the queue. Further discussion is also presented on the various subcomponents of these two load sources, and their respective contributions towards facility utilization and saturation. The significance of the framework described is shown to be its reflection of the dependence of the system operating and behaviour patterns on the input load structure, and in general the provision of a basis for a more direct comparability between the model structure and that of the real system.
Functional testing A user looks at logic simulation
Authors: William L. Keiner
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop (1973)

This paper attempts to identify the capabilities required to be present in a logic simulation system in order to make it an effective analysis tool for logic design verification and test verification.
Application of a model of human decision making for human/computer communication
Authors: Mark E. Revesman, Joel S. Greenstein
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

When a human and computer perform similar tasks in parallel, it is important that an effective line of communication exist between the two entities. Since overt communication may add to the human's workload, an implicit method of communication is suggested in which the computer has a model of human performance on which to base actions. A two-stage model of human performance is employed in an experimental situation in which both a human and a computer act as decision makers. Results indicate that the implementation of a model significantly improves the human's performance and the overall system performance, without degrading the computer's performance. Research into additional experimental and real-world situations is suggested.
Manipulation of design data
Authors: Carol A. Linden
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Design Automation Conference (1977)

The containment of change is a major problem in the maintenance of a large body of design data. An initial approach to the problem is outlined. Augmented transition network grammars are used to describe the rules and constraints governing a data body and these grammars used to validate, generate and edit data.
A map acquisition, storage, indexing, and retrieval system
Authors: H. Samet, A. Soffer
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

A system for the acquisition, storage, indexing, and retrieval of map images is presented. The input to this system are raster images of separate map layers and map composites. A legend driven map interpretation system converts layer images from a physical to a logical representation. This logical representation is used to automatically index both the composite and the layer images. Methods for incorporating logical and physical layers as well as composite images into the framework of a relational database management system are described. An example query and a corresponding query processing strategy that uses these indices is presented. The user interface is demonstrated via an example query execution.
What training does a customer want? need?
Authors: Roger L. Sisson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting (1961)

The objective of this paper is to review the computer users' training needs and examine what a computer manufacturer should do to assist the user. Two problem areas are highlighted; the need for better systems training courses, and the need to encourage top management to learn something about programming.
Using performance metrics in system design
Authors: Joann Lockett
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1978)

Complexities of system design are great and often lead designers to be inward looking in their analyses. Knowledge from various fields can be of benefit in designing systems [1]. Management accountants can describe economic effects of delays in closing schedules, psychologist can provide significant insights into the behavioral characteristics of users to complex command syntax, computer performance analysts can provide alternatives to describe and to measure responsiveness of systems. Even in the case of an innovative system design, the designer can employ such approaches to identify incipient problems and create alternatives with increased cost effectiveness. This paper describes how performance metrics can be used effectively to support system design.
Interactive Programming by End-users
Authors: E. Keppel, D. Kropp
Venue: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference (1977)

A system for Interactive Programming by End-users - IPE - is proposed as a tool for non-programmers to develop, to use and to maintain their application programs. Programming is viewed as the design on an interactive terminal of a form which describes the structure of the application data. Computations are specified as statements operating on data cells of the form. A prototype APL implementation of the concept is described. Forms can be designed, executed, filed, retrieved and modified in a highly user friendly environment. Facilities are provided to access filed application data. Although APL is initially invisible it may be easily accessed by the advanced user. IPE is being used outside the Heidelberg Scientific Center since January 1976 to validate its usability for real applications. The reactions and the requirements of these users have influenced the evolution and growth of the present system.