ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evaluating WIMP Interfaces through the SUE Approach
Authors: Maria F. Costabile, Maristella Matera
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

SUE - Systematic Usability Evaluation - is a novel methodology based on the assumption that the evaluation of an interactive application must be conducted under different perspectives, each one focusing on a specific set of application features. The main characteristics of SUE are: i) the combination of inspection techniques and user testing; ii) the use of models for describing the application and identifying the objects relevant for the evaluation; iii) the use of evaluation patterns, called abstract tasks, that precisely describe the evaluator's activity during the inspection. This paper describes how SUE can be applied for the inspection of interactive applications that adopt WIMP interfaces. In particular, the OO-WIMP model is introduced for specifying the interfaces, and a sample of abstract tasks for their inspection is provided. Fragments of inspection results, obtained by applying the abstract tasks to some commercial products, are also reported.
Problem solving grammars as formal tools for intelligent CAI
Authors: Mark L. Miller, Ira P. Goldstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference (1977)

AI-CAI, the application of artificial intelligence techniques to the design of personal learning environments, is an enterprise encompassing both theoretical and practical concerns. In the short term, the process of developing and testing intelligent tutoring programs serves as a new experimental vehicle for exploring alternative cognitive and pedagogical theories. In the long term, such programs will supplement the educational supervision and guidance provided by human teachers. The lesson of AI-CAI to date has been that the critical component for a successful system is a model of the expertise to be conveyed which is modular, comprehensible, and articulate. Hence, as a step toward an AI-CAI tutor for elementary graphics programming, a rule-based theory of the planning and debugging of programs is explored. The rules are formalized as a context free grammar. This grammar is used to reveal the constituent structure of problem solving episodes, by parsing protocols in which programs are written, tested and debugged. This is illustrated by the analysis of a session with a beginning student. The virtues of the approach for constructing models of individual students' skills are discussed; limitations and extensions of the approach are also considered.
A critical assessment of team approaches to systems development
Authors: Philip Semprevivo
Venue: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual SIGCPR conference (1977)

The development of systems analysis as an approach for dealing with business problems preceded, to a large extent, wide-spread computerization. However, the systems analyst has historically shared in the growing fascination with technology. Indeed, the &ldquo;typical&rdquo; path to a career in systems analysis continues to begin with computer programming experience. Likewise, formal training generally emphasizes computer programming, computer systems hardware and software, and a smattering of Operations Research techniques. All this despite the fact that systems development processes have always required at least as much social and political adoitness as technical skill. In recent years, positive experiences in the use of team approaches have served to revitalize interest in examining the social dynamics of the systems process. This is particularly true amongst systems managers who sense that in employing team approaches they have added a new dimension to their work which can affect the timely delivery of quality systems. The purpose of this paper is simply to share with you some observations of what I would term reasonably successful attempts over the past four years to apply team approaches to administrative systems development in a university environment. Actually, observations from four separate projects will be referenced somewhat randomly, and it should be noted that not all projects were conducted at the same institution.
ECAPL-An APL Electronic Circuit Analysis Program
Authors: Randall W. Jensen, Jerry A. Higbee, Paul M. Hansen
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on APL (1972)

ECAPL (APL Electronic Circuit Analysis Program) is an interactive integrated system of programs developed by Randall W. Jensen, Terry A. Higbee, and Paul M. Hansen of Electronic Design Associates for Management Systems Corporation, 15 North West Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah 84103. The programming system was developed primarily to aid the electrical engineer in the design and analysis of electronic circuits. The system's capabilities are similar to those of the IBM/360 ECAP[1] program, however, the techniques used to perform the analysis are different. The user familiar with ECAP will have little difficulty making the transition to ECAPL.
A morphological study of the form of nature
Authors: Yoichiro Kawaguchi
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1982)

A process of recreating some forms of nature, including shells, horns, tusks, claws, and spiral plants, is herein described. The forms of nature based on spirals and ramification are generated not through the use of object data calculated by measurement, but through the use of an algorithmic structure based on the laws of nature. Although there are a myriad of forms to the shapes of nature, they are represented on the basis of one common principle, which can be expressed by means of the same mathematical expressions. The graphic software which is called &ldquo;GROWTH&rdquo; (Growth Rationale Object Work THeorem) has now been designed to create these forms automatically. GROWTH incorporates the rational, common principle of geometrical series which are found in the structute of biological objects.
Computational requirements for control of the utah arm
Authors: S. C. Jacobsen, R. B. Jerard
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1 (1974)

Figure 1 illustrates an above-elbow amputee fitted with a three-degree-of-freedom prosthetic arm. The development of a successful prosthetic arm requires the completion of two tasks. First, a controller must be devised which can determine an amputee's desired limb motions by monitoring a set of amputee generated signals. For example, the controller monitors a set of EMG signals from selected muscles and the kinematic state of the limb. Secondly, an electromechanical arm must be developed which can replace the amputee's missing musculo-skeletal components. The principal objective of this paper is to discuss the computational requirements for implementation of a control theory currently being developed at the University of Utah (Refs. 1, 4). Brief mention will also be made of other aspects of our artificial arm development project. Therefore, the following text is subdivided into four sections.
A data structure for gridless routing
Authors: Ulrich Lauther
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

A new data structure suitable for the implementation of gridless routing algorithms is presented. The data structure and some basic access procedures are outlined in PASCAL and experimental results are given to demonstrate the performance of retrieval algorithms working on the structure.
Anomaly detection in concurrent programs
Authors: G. Bristow, C. Drey, B. Edwards, W. Riddle
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

An approach to the analysis of concurrent software is discussed. The approach, called anomaly detection, involves the algorithmic derivation of information concerning potential errors and the subsequent, possibly non-algorithmic determination of whether or not the reported anomalies are actual errors. We give overviews of algorithms for detecting data-usage and synchronization anomalies and discuss how this technique may be integrated within a general software development support system.
Simulation methodology (Papers Session)
Authors: Prosper Bernard, Joe H. Mize, Jean G. Vaucher, Don Gaver, Kenneth Siler
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

This session treats methods and techniques in the utilization of simulation models. Applications methodology is explored in the first paper, which employs simulation as a tool to validate an analysis via the discussion of multiple-sequence random number generation. Technique development is the subject of the third paper, which treats the implementation of &ldquo;wait-until&rdquo; time flow mechanisms.
Total stuct-at-fault testing by circuit transformation
Authors: Andrea S. LaPaugh, Richard J. Lipton
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

We present a new approach to the production testing of VLSI circuits. By using very structured design for testability, we achieve 100% single stuck-at fault coverage with under 20 test vectors and no search. The approach also detects most multiple faults.
Computerized coding of the medical problem statement
Authors: Roy Rada
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

This paper presents computer techniques for coding medical problem statements. Some relevant principles of morphology, semantics, and syntax are discussed. Two coders, called KODIAC and Baylor, are described in terms of their algorithms, computer tables, and accuracy. The author concludes that, due to the narrow range of medical problem statements which regularly appear in medical practice, a modified table look-up procedure can successfully code medical problem statements.
Overview of the syntax processor generator SYNPROC
Authors: A. Fernandez, J. C. Heliard, J. D. Ichbiah
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Extensible languages (1971)

SYNPROC is a facility for generating syntactic analyzers, implemented on the CII 10070 computer system. It uses a technique for automatic generation of Floyd-Evans productions which is described in [4]. It also uses bounded-context [3] resolution of identical right-hand sides of syntactic rules. Thus, space optimized analyzers are obtained mechanically for bounded-context (m,1) grammars. The facility has other practical features which are useful for the construction of compilers for usual programming languages.
A history of the SNOBOL programming languages
Authors: Ralph E. Griswold
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

Development of the SNOBOL language began in 1962. It was followed by SNOBOL2, SNOBOL3, and SNOBOL4. Except for SNOBOL2 and SNOBOL3 (which were closely related), the others differ substantially and hence are more properly considered separate languages than versions of one language. In this paper historical emphasis is placed on the original language, SNOBOL, although important aspects of the subsequent languages are covered.
ALGOL68 instruction at Oklahoma State University
Authors: G. E. Hedrick
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

At Oklahoma State University ALGOL68 is taught to students whose background in programming consists primarily of programming in FORTRAN. Frequently, they have had some experience with PL/1 although it is not so extensive as their experience with FORTRAN. PL/1 is usually the only block structured language to which the students have been exposed. The students who study ALGOL68 are typically seniors, although there are some graduate students, and an occasional lowerclassman. Almost none of these students has any experience with ALGOL 60 or any ALGOL-like language at the time he begins his study of ALGOL68. About half of them have had limited experience with formal specification of programming languages. The students learn ALGOL68 in one of three formats depending upon the number of students enrolled at a given time. The most elaborate treatment is given when there are enough students to justify a faculty member spending one-quarter of his time teaching the class as a special topics lecture course. This is the mode of instruction that is preferred by the students. A smaller group of students covers the same material in a seminar format rather than a lecture format; the students in the seminar do not have the same access to faculty as do students in a special topics lecture course. The final mode of instruction is individual study; it is this instructional format which is used when only one or two students enroll for ALGOL68. In this format the students work almost entirely on their own except that they do have access to a faculty member when they cannot adequately resolve their questions.
A new approach to operational efficiency for chronic renal dialysis program
Authors: Ronald M. Korabik
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1978)

Irreversible kidney failure requires either a kidney transplant or renal dialysis treatment. The Federal Government has enacted legislation which provides for the reimbursement of renal dialysis costs. But, the prescribed reimbursement rarely covers the full cost of renal dialysis treatment. Under these circumstances, a chronic renal dialysis treatment center must be able to control and minimize operating costs. As labor costs are typically the single most substantial cost and equipment costs are relatively low, it is important to minimize labor through proper staff and patient scheduling and increased equipment utilization. Computer simulation is an effective tool which can help establish the most efficient relationship between labor, equipment, scheduling and treatment demand.
A random number generator for small word-length computers
Authors: Claude Overstreet,  Jr., Richard E. Nance
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

The following paper investigates the implementation and performance of random number generators on small word-length machines. Four generators are presented, two existing forms of the linear congruential generator, a new generator proposed by Kr&aacute;l specifically for small word-length machines, and a new generator proposed by the authors referred to as the quadratic random number generator. Theoretical results are presented for determining the period of the quadratic generator. Test results indicate the linear congruential generators are not suitable for use on a small word-length machine while Kr&aacute;l's generator and the quadratic method appear to be acceptable.
Ada as a software transition tool
Authors: Gary L. Filipski, Donald R. Moore, John E. Newton
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM-SIGPLAN symposium on The ADA programming language (1980)

Our agency plans to use the Ada programming language as a vehicle to transport a locally written inquiry system from Burroughs' equipment to another vendor's hardware. This is being done in the following manner. A bootstrap Ada translator has been written in Pascal to generate Burroughs' ALGOL. The Ada translator will be recoded into Ada. The inquiry system will be rewritten into Ada from ALGOL and executed on the current Burroughs' machine. When the new hardware is selected, the Ada translator will be retargeted to generate an efficient language on that machine, thereby transporting the inquiry system. The Ada translator will be discarded for an Ada compiler on the new system.
Introductory programming at Cornell
Authors: Gerard Salton
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1973)

The computer science department at Cornell is a graduate department. Approximately sixty degree candidates are formally enrolled in the computer science degree program, nearly all of them as Ph.D. candidates. There is no formal undergraduate major in computer science, although it is possible for really tenacious undergraduates in the College of Arts and Sciences, and in Engineering to obtain an undergraduate degree in computer science by special petition.
Interactive design language: A unified approach to hardware simulation, synthesis and documentation
Authors: L. I. Maissel, D. L. Ostapko
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

IDL is a hardware design language in use in the VLSI environment. It incorporates a significant number of high-level features such as groups, subroutines, and labels and is particularly well adapted to dealing with parallelism at the hardware level. In addition to being human intelligible (and therefore appropriate as a documentation medium), IDL code can be used to generate 2-level logic which, under the IDL system, can be manipulated in a number of ways, including product term factoring and minimization, feedback minimization, partitioning, merging, and verification. The IDL system contains several simulators that are driven by IDL code. The most common embodiment of IDL output in hardware is a PLA.
A switchbox router with obstacle avoidance
Authors: Gordon T. Hamachi, John K. Ousterhout
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

Detour is the channel router used by the Magic layout system. Based on Rivest and Fiduccia's &ldquo;greedy&rdquo; channel router, Detour is capable of routing switchboxes and channels containing obstacles such as preexisting wiring. It jogs nets around multi-layer obstacles such as contacts, and routes over single-layer obstacles. If there are no obstacles, results are comparable to other good channel routers. Detour thus combines the effectiveness of traditional channel routers with the flexibility of net-at-a-time routers.
The application of computer simulation techniques to glassware production
Authors: J. A. Runner, W. Hand, O. J. Meyers
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1979)

Rising costs, changing product mix, and expanding technology have left engineers with a perplexing problem; how should we design and run the manufacturing system of the early 1980's? This was indeed the question posed for the production of a well known brand name of glassware. Rising production costs were eating away at profits and changing product mix was contributing to the problem through a reduction in productivity efficiencies. Further, expanding technology developed new processes that somehow had to be efficiently added to the manufacturing process. This paper describes how simulation was used to identify the key variables which were used to determine the best operating strategy and equipment design. In addition, and more importantly, a synopsis is presented explaining why simulation was chosen as the analysis technique (along with its advantages and disadvantages) and the problems encountered throughout the analysis.
Measuring and modelling man-computer interaction
Authors: Marshall D. Abrams, George E. Lindamood, Thomas N. Pyke,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 1973 ACM SIGME symposium (1973)

The Dialogue Monitor has been developed as a tool for the measurement of computer service. The objectives of such measurement are defined. A set of models and measures is developed. Operation of the Dialogue Monitor and analysis of the data obtained are briefly discussed.
Random samples with known sample statistics: With application to variance reduction
Authors: Russell C.H. Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

A number of sampling schemes are described which aim to improve the accuracy of estimators in simulation experiments. The schemes negatively correlate key sample statistics in pairs of runs or blocks of runs. Use is made of generators which produce random samples from certain distributions when sample statistics like the mean and dispersion are prescribed. Special cases considered include normal, inverse Gaussian and gamma generators. These can be used in their own right or as the basis of generators of other distributions. Guide lines are given which indicate the conditions under which the schemes might be effective.
Learning performance and attitudes as a function of the reading grade level of a computer-presented tutorial
Authors: Joan M. Roemer, Alphonse Chapanis
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate level of language sophistication, or &ldquo;readability&rdquo; of the text of a computer-presented tutorial. The tutorial teaches first-time users how to operate a display terminal. The effects of readability on performance and attitudes of adults with different levels of reading ability were examined.
Conversational building and display of solid objects
Authors: V. Casarosa, S. Trumpy
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on APL (1974)

The system that we present in this paper is intended to be of assistance to those people who would benefit in their work from graphic output but do not have the necessary knowledge or familiarity with computing systems. This system is a set of APL functions that interprets and executes a set of commands for building and for displaying solid objects. The system is highly interactive, being ready to give explanations to the user at any moment, and to teach him the use of the system. The implementation of the system has been made under APL/CMS running on a 360/67. The graphic output devices available and supported by the system are the following: Hewlett Packard 7201A mechanical plotter Tektronix 4013 storage tube IBM 2250 display unit.
A recognition algorithm for pushdown store systems
Authors: Alfred V. Aho, John E. Hopcroft, Jeffrey D. Ullman
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

A pushdown store is a list in which information can be accessed only on a last-in first-out principle of operation. The use of pushdown stores is an important technique in the construction of compilers and other language-processing devices. Of particular interest from both practical and theoretical considerations is how the time and memory required to process a language is functionally related to the length of the input sentence under consideration. In this paper we consider languages which can be defined by pushdown store systems. To obtain quantitative results, a two-way (off-line) nondeterministic pushdown automaton (2N PDA, for short) is used as an analytical model of a pushdown store system, and the two-way deterministic push-down automaton (2D PDA, for short) is also considered as a special case.
A simulataneous analog/ternary converter
Authors: M. A.H. Abdul-Karim, N. E. Berbat
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on Multiple-valued logic (1978)

This note presents a technique of designing 2 bit simultaneous analog to ternary convertor with 100 as response time. TTL logic components were used throughout the prototype design.