ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Agile Development Methodology for Embedded Systems: A Platform-Based Design Approach
Authors: Lucas Cordeiro, Raimundo Barreto, Rafael Barcelos, Meuse Oliveira, Vicente Lucena, Paulo Maciel
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2007)

This paper describes an agile development methodology which combines agile principles with organizational patterns and adapts them to build embedded real-time systems focusing on the system's constraints. The hardware/ software partitioning and platform-based design are used in the proposed methodology to support the embedded system designer meet the system's constraints in an iterative and incremental way and to reduce substantially the design time and cost of the product. To discuss the strengths and weakness of this methodology, a case study involving a pulse oximeter is also presented.
Performance analysis of complex systems by integration of dataflow graphs and compositional performance analysis
Authors: Simon Schliecker, Steffen Stein, Rolf Ernst
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

In this paper we integrate two established approaches to formal multiprocessor performance analysis, namely Synchronous Dataflow Graphs and Compositional Performance Analysis. Both make different trade-offs between precision and applicability. We show how the strengths of both can be combined to achieve a very precise and adaptive model. We couple these models of completely different paradigms by relying on load descriptions of event streams. The results show a superior performance analysis quality.
Using smart clients to build scalable services
Authors: Chad Yoshikawa, Brent Chun, Paul Eastham, Amin Vahdat, Thomas Anderson, David Culler
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1997)

Individual machines are no longer sufficient to handle the offered load to many Internet sites. To use multiple machines for scalable performance, load balancing, fault transparency, and backward compatibility with URL naming must be addressed. A number of approaches have been developed to provide transparent access to multi-server Internet services including HTTP redirect, DNS aliasing, Magic Routers, and Active Networks. Recently however, portable Java code and lightly loaded client machines allow the migration of certain service functionality onto the client. In this paper, we argue that in many instances, a client-side approach to providing transparent access to Internet services provides increased flexibility and performance over the existing solutions. We describe the design and implementation of Smart Clients and show how our system can be used to provide transparent access to scalable and/or highly available network services, including prototypes for: telnet, FTP, and an Internet chat application.
Embedding test patterns into Low-Power BIST sequences
Authors: Ioannis Voyiatzis
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (2007)

Current trends in VLSI designs necessitate low power during both normal system operation and testing activity. Traditional Built-in Self Test (BIST) generators rise the power and energy consumption during testing, boosting the need to add low-power solutions to the arsenal of BIST pattern generators. In this work, the utilization of gray code generators is proposed as a low-power BIST solution; more precisely, we propose an algorithm to embed a test pattern into a sequence generated by a gray code generator. Hence, test sets can be embedded into gray sequences.
A new technique for estimation and compensation of IQ imbalance in OFDM receivers
Authors: S. Fouladifard, H. Shafiee
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 01 (2002)

Architectures for radio receivers are driven by market demands for low-cost and low power solutions for wireless communications. Toward that end, the implementation of direct conversion receivers which convert the radio frequency (RF) signal directly to baseband has been the subject of active research. Gain and phase imbalances between in-phase and quadrature paths, however, are more pronounced in such designs compared to classical heterodyne architectures. If left uncompensated, even small amounts of IQ mismatch could render the communication system ineffective. We propose a novel algorithm for estimation and compensation of gain and phase mismatch values in the receiver mixer for an OFDM communication system. Relations are derived for the estimation of the relevant parameters and the statistical properties of the estimates are investigated. The calibration procedure is tested on an OFDM system designed based on the IEEE 802.11a standard for wireless local area networks.
Modeling End-to-End Delay Using Pareto Distribution
Authors: Wei Zhang, Jingsha He
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (2007)

Delay is one of the network performance parameters that are often measured using passive or active techniques along with packet loss, bandwidth, etc. If used appropriately, these parameters can indicate performance status of the network, and they can be used in fault and performance management, network provisioning, traffic engineering, and performance prediction. However, it is difficult to extract sufficient information from original measurement data to derive precise results. In this paper, we show that the CDF (probability distribution function) of delay data can indicate network load situation. We also show that Pareto distribution can model end-to-end delay appropriately in a statistical manner and demonstrate some statistical characteristics of end-to-end delay using Pareto distribution.
Multiple Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on ICA
Authors: Cong Jin, Ting Su, Liang-Gang Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eight International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (2007)

This paper proposes a novel approach to multiple digital watermarking of images based on independent component analysis (ICA). Firstly, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was applied to one sub-image extracted from the original image orderly, at the same time, multiple independent watermark signals mixed with ICA and generated mixed signals. Then a signal was chosen from the mixed signals as watermarking embedding into the intermediate frequency by mixing with ICA. At extracting stage, using the same rule as embedding stage, extracting the sub-image from watermarked image, then every embedded watermark signal can be extracted through twice demixed with ICA by inverse embedding process. Using the watermarking standard testing tool Stirmark Benchmark 4.0 to attack the watermarked images. The simulation results show that multiple watermarks are extracted perfectly, and also demonstrate robustness and invisibility of the method.
A toolkit for building dependable and extensible home networking applications
Authors: Yi-Min Wang, Wilf Russell, Anish Arora
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Windows Systems Symposium - Volume 4 (2000)

Dependability and extensibility are two of the key requirements to successful home networking. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a software development toolkit for building dependable and extensible home networking applications. A reliable Soft-State Store (SSS) is implemented as a shared infrastructure to simplify robust distributed programming against device and object failures. SSS supports multi-timescale refreshes and selectively uses persistence to accommodate the battery power and network bandwidth constraints in the home networking environment. A publish/subscribe event system allows any changes in the SSS to be propagated to interested subscribers, which then perform appropriate adaptive, corrective, alerting, or cleanup actions. An Attribute-Based Lookup Service (ABLS) and a Name-Based Lookup Service (NBLS), both implemented on top of the SSS for robustness, provide a level of indirection for supporting extensibility as well as allowing user-friendly, natural language-based access. We demonstrate the use of the toolkit for building a home networking system in an actual deployment. We describe two end-to-end remote home automation applications, present performance results, and report our experiences.
Applying optimization principle patterns to design real-time ORBs
Authors: Irfan Pyarali, Carlos O'Ryan, Douglas Schmidt, Nanbor Wang, Vishal Kachroo, Aniruddha Gokhale
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies & Systems - Volume 5 (1999)

First-generation CORBA middleware was reasonably successful at meeting the demands of request/response applications with best-effort quality of service (QoS) requirements. Supporting applications with more stringent QoS requirements poses new challenges for next-generation real-time CORBA middleware, however. This paper provides three contributions to the design and optimization of real-time CORBA middleware. First, we outline the challenges faced by real-time ORBs implementers, focusing on optimization principle patterns that can be applied to CORBA's Object Adapter and ORB Core. Second, we describe how TAO, our real-time CORBA implementation, addresses these challenges and applies key ORB optimization principle patterns. Third, we present the results of empirical benchmarks that compare the impact of TAO's design strategies on ORB efficiency, predictability, and scalability. Our findings indicate that ORBs must be highly configurable and adaptable to meet the QoS requirements for a wide range of real-time applications. In addition, we show how TAO can be configured to perform predictably and scalably, which is essential to support real-time applications. A key result of our work is to demonstrate that the ability of CORBA ORBs to support real-time systems is mostly an implementation detail. Thus, relatively few changes are required to the standard CORBA reference model and programming API to support real-time applications.
Using 3D computer graphics for perception: the role of local and global information in face processing
Authors: Adrian Schwaninger, Sandra Schumacher, Heinrich Bülthoff, Christian Wallraven
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization (2007)

Everyday life requires us to recognize faces under transient changes in pose, expression and lighting conditions. Despite this, humans are adept at recognizing familiar faces. In this study, we focused on determining the types of information human observers use to recognize faces across variations in viewpoint. Of specific interest was whether holistic information is used exclusively, or whether the local information contained in facial parts (featural or component information), as well as their spatial relationships (configural information) is also encoded. A rigorous study investigating this question has not previously been possible, as the generation of a suitable set of stimuli using standard image manipulation techniques was not feasible. A 3D database of faces that have been processed to extract morphable models (Blanz & Vetter, 1999) allows us to generate such stimuli efficiently and with a high degree of control over display parameters. Three experiments were conducted, modeled after the inter-extra-ortho experiments by B&uuml;lthoff & Edelman, 1992. The first experiment served as a baseline for the subsequent two experiments. Ten face-stimuli were presented from a frontal view and from a 45&deg; side view. At test, they had to be recognized among ten distractor faces shown from different viewpoints. We found systematic effects of viewpoint, in that the recognition performance increased as the angle between the learned view and the tested view decreased. This finding is consistent with face processing models based on 2D-view interpolation. Experiments 2 and 3 were the same as Experiment 1 expect for the fact that in the testing phase, the faces were presented scrambled or blurred. Scrambling was used to isolate featural from configural information. Blurring was used to provide stimuli in which local featural information was reduced. The results demonstrated that human observers are capable of recognizing faces across different viewpoints on the sole basis of isolated featural information and of isolated configural information.
Efficient computation of the Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound on estimating parameters of Markov models
Authors: J. Tabrikian
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

This paper presents a novel method for calculating the hybrid Cramer-Rao lower bound (HCRLB) when the statistical model for the data has a Markovian nature. The method applies to both the non-linear/non-Gaussian as well as linear/Gaussian model. The approach solves the required expectation over unknown random parameters by several one-dimensional integrals computed recursively, thus simplifying a computationally-intensive multi-dimensional integration. The method is applied to the problem of refractivity estimation using radar clutter from the sea surface, where the backscatter cross section is assumed to be a Markov process in range. The HCRLB is evaluated and compared to the performance of the corresponding maximum a-posteriori estimator. Simulation results indicate that the HCRLB provides a tight lower bound in this application.
Application of a multi-carrier modulation to a nondeterministic MAC based home LAN and its effect on performance
Authors: Sang-bum Suh, D. J. Greaves
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

Non-deterministic MAC (media access control) such as CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) is popular due to its simple mechanism in terms of maintenance and extensibility of the LAN. On the other hand, its performance is less predictable as its collision resolution period is not deterministic. Such non-deterministic nature makes it difficult to guarantee the QoS (quality of service) of real-time packets depending on collision resolution algorithms. This paper shows the performance improvement of a home LAN using CSMA/CD MAC through simulation and analytic estimation when multi-carrier modulation is applied to a collision resolution technique to utilise a redundancy in the frequency domain and compares it with the one of HomePNA 2.0 MAC in terms of throughput and delay.
Where have all the computer scientists gone?
Authors: Chris van der Kuyl
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2007)

In recent years Universities all over the UK have been bemoaning the lack of undergraduates studying Computer Science. Is this all because of the internet bubble bursting or is Computer Science Education as we know it irrelevant? Professor van der Kuyl will explore these thoughts and look at the factors behind some of the more successful Computer Science degrees in recent years. In addition, he will explore the demand side of Computer Science education and pose the question: "What do employers really want?", as opposed to: "What do employers think they want?.
Improved Combinatorial Group Testing Algorithms for Real-World Problem Sizes
Authors: David Eppstein, Michael T. Goodrich, Daniel S. Hirschberg
Venue: SIAM Journal on Computing (2006)

We study practically efficient methods for performing combinatorial group testing. We present efficient nonadaptive and two-stage combinatorial group testing algorithms, which identify the at most $d$ items out of a given set of $n$ items that are defective, using fewer tests for all practical set sizes. For example, our two-stage algorithm matches the information-theoretic lower bound for the number of tests in a combinatorial group testing regimen.
Introduction to the Organizational Systems and Technology Track
Authors: Hugh J. Watson
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The Organizational Systems and Technology Track contains the following minitracks: - Competitive Strategy, Economics, and Information Systems - Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence: The Movement to Real-time - Benefit Management - Theoretical Approaches to IS Research - Enterprise Architecture: Development and Implementations - ERP/EAI System Issues and Answers - Information Technology for Development - Innovation and Innovation Management - Implementation and Usage of RFID - IT and Project Management - IT Governance and Its Mechanisms - Outsourcing of Information Systems - Research Methods and Approaches - Social Issues in Organizations - Topics in Organizational Systems and Technology
A Cost-Effective Dependable Microcontroller Architecture with Instruction-Level Rollback for Soft Error Recovery
Authors: Teruaki Sakata, Teppei Hirotsu, Hiromichi Yamada, Takeshi Kataoka
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2007)

A cost-effective, dependable microcontroller architecture has been developed. To detect soft errors, we developed an electronic design automation (EDA) tool that generates optimized soft error-detecting logic circuits for flip-flops. After a soft error is detected, the error detection signal goes to a developed rollback control module (RCM), which resets the CPU and restores the CPU's register file from the backup register file using a rollback program routine. After the routine, the CPU restarts from the instruction executed before the soft error occurred. In addition, there is a developed error reset module (ERM) that can restore the RCM from soft errors. We also developed an error correction module (ECM) that corrects ECC errors in RAM after error detection with no delay overheads. Testing on a 32- bit RISC microcontroller and EEMBC benchmarks showed that the area overhead was under 59% and frequency overhead was under 9%. In a soft error injection simulation, the MTBF of random logic circuits, and the MTBF of RAM were 30 and 1.34 times longer, respectively, than those of the original microcontroller.
Schedulable garbage collection in CLI virtual execution system
Authors: Okehee Goh, Yann-Hang Lee, Ziad Kaakani, Elliott Rachlin
Venue: Real-Time Systems (2007)

Virtual software execution environment, known as Virtual Machine (VM), has been gaining popularity through Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). Given their advantages in portability, productivity, and safety, etc., applying VM to real-time embedded systems can leverage production cost, fast time-to-market, and software integrity. However, this approach can only become practical once the VM operations and application tasks are made schedulable jointly. In this paper, we present a schedulable garbage collection algorithm applicable on real-time applications in CLI virtual machine environment. To facilitate the scheduling of real-time applications and garbage collection operations, we make the pause time due to garbage collection controllable, and the invocation of garbage collection predictable. To demonstrate the approach, a prototype for a schedulable garbage collection has been implemented in CLI execution environment. The garbage collection is carried out by a concurrent thread while meeting a targeted pause time and satisfying the memory requests of applications. A cost model of garbage collection is established based on measured WCET such that the execution time and overhead of garbage collection operations can be predicted. Finally, we illustrate a joint scheduling algorithm to meet the time and memory constraints of real-time systems.
Japanese idiom recognition: drawing a line between literal and idiomatic meanings
Authors: Chikara Hashimoto, Satoshi Sato, Takehito Utsuro
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

Recognizing idioms in a sentence is important to sentence understanding. This paper discusses the lexical knowledge of idioms for idiom recognition. The challenges are that idioms can be ambiguous between literal and idiomatic meanings, and that they can be "transformed" when expressed in a sentence. However, there has been little research on Japanese idiom recognition with its ambiguity and transformations taken into account. We propose a set of lexical knowledge for idiom recognition. We evaluated the knowledge by measuring the performance of an idiom recognizer that exploits the knowledge. As a result, more than 90% of the idioms in a corpus are recognized with 90% accuracy.
A Multi-Agent-Based Management Approach for Self-Health Awareness in Autonomous Systems
Authors: Gustavo Gonzalez, Cecilio Angulo, Cristobal Raya
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) systems on modern aircraft or autonomous unmanned vehicles should provide diagnostic and prognostic capabilities with lower support costs and amount of data traffic. When mission objectives cannot be reached for the control system since unanticipated operating conditions exists, namely a failure, the mission plan must be revised or altered according to the health monitoring system assessment. Representation of the system health knowledge must facilitate interaction with the control system to compensate for subsystem degradation. Several generic architectures have been described for the implementation of health monitoring systems and their integration with the control system. In particular, the OSA-CBM approach is considered in this work as initial point, and it is evolved in the sense of self-health awareness, by defining an appropriated multi-agent smart health management architecture based on smart device models, communication agents and a distributed control system. A case study about its application on fuel-cells as auxiliary power generator will demonstrate the integration.
Cognitive learning for distance education: a concept maps perspective
Authors: O. M. Bonastre, M. J. M. Pina
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2005)

Cognitive informatics is perceived as a new frontier that explores the internal information processing mechanisms of the brain. In this context, concept maps constitute one of the cognitive tools mostly used in learning management due to the possibility that they offer to contextualize learning and share knowledge. In this paper, effectiveness of concept mapping is evaluated on an educational framework. Work is focused on studying individually produced concept maps versus those produced by group in order to measure fundamental cognitive metrics like degree of subsumption, progressive differentiation and integration of knowledge respectively. Experimental results exhibit interesting insights to test how more portable and powerful knowledge is stated. As a result, this work outlines initial model of a novelty learning author tool based on a semantic knowledge manager in which the attributes proposed by computer to the student constitute hierarchical relations among conceptual units.