ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An efficient algorithm to detect palindromes in DNA sequences using periodicity transform
Authors: Ravi Gupta, Ankush Mittal, Sumit Gupta
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

This paper presents an algorithm to detect exact and inexact palindromes of a given size in DNA sequences by applying signal processing techniques. The algorithm uses modified periodicity transform to calculate compensated periodogram coefficient, which acts as a correlation parameter for detection of inexact palindromes. Detailed experiments conducted on a number of synthetic and actual DNA sequences show efficiency and accuracy of our method for detecting inexact palindromes. A comparison between our method and the standard technique shows that the increase in execution time with large sample size is significantly less in our method as compared to the standard technique.
A simulation model for facilitators of Tony Rizzo's bead game
Authors: David B. Roggenkamp, Dave Park, Omer Tsimhoni
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

As the culmination of a simulation course at the University of Michigan, we simulated the physical structure and outcomes of Tony Rizzo's Bead Game. The game is a pedagogic tool to teach the effects of multitasking in a multiproject environment. During the game, time constraints limit the scope of the activity. Since the outcomes are fairly dramatic, many participants have a difficult time believing that the results they witnessed are truly representative of "typical" outcomes. The simulation model of the game was conceived as an opportunity to provide a more robust example of outcomes including the ability to demonstrate probabilistic distributions as well as potential extensions to the parameters of the game. In practice, the simulation model was effective in duplicating the observed game outcomes. Additionally, the model provides a starting point for potential further research in organizational throughput in a multi-project environment such as research or new product development.
Neural Correlates of Memory for Items and for Associations: An Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Amélie M. Achim, Martin Lepage
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Although results from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and behavioral neuroscience clearly suggest that item and associative information in memory rely on partly different brain regions, little is known concerning the differences and similarities that exist between these two types of information as a function of memory stage (i.e., encoding and retrieval). We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess neural correlates of item and associative encoding and retrieval of simple images in 18 healthy subjects. During encoding, subjects memorized items and pairs. During retrieval, subjects made item recognition judgments (old vs. new) and associative recognition judgments (intact vs. rearranged). Relative to baseline, item and associative trials activated bilateral medial temporal and prefrontal regions during both encoding and retrieval. Direct contrasts were then performed between item and associative trials for each memory stage. During en- coding, greater prefrontal, hippocampal, and parietal activation was observed for associations, but no significant activation was observed for items at the selected threshold. During recognition, greater activation was observed for associative trials in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobules bilaterally, whereas item recognition trials showed greater activation of bilateral frontal regions, bilateral anterior medial temporal areas, and the right temporo-parietal junction. Post hoc analyses suggested that the anterior medial temporal activation observed during item recognition was driven mainly by new items, confirming a role for this structure in novelty detection. These results suggest that although some structures such as the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex play a general role in memory, the pattern of activation in these regions can be modulated by the type of information (items or associations) interacting with memory stages.
Daisies on Mars: disseminating scientific information by use of developmental animation
Authors: J. Burns, A. Woodcock, E. Gaura, R. M. Newman, S. Mount
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

The sciences often find it difficult to present complex ideas to audiences in ways that are informative and interesting. This is problematic, when the public needs to enter into a debate about new ideas, during conferences when vast amounts of information on diverse subjects are presented in a very short time, and in lectures when experts present fundamental principles to novices. Given our relatively short attention spans, boredom thresholds and limited capacity to assimilate new information, it is essential that the medium is an effective conveyor of the message, and in itself helps the receiver to remain alert and focused whilst also presenting information in a clear and unambiguous manner. The development of a new area of research, cogent computing, provided an opportunity to produce an effective, animation-based information communication tool, in the form of an application scenario, to be used for communicating to students, wider audiences and the design and development team itself, technical aspects of pervasive computing.
Governance lessons from the experience of telecentres in Kerala
Authors: Shirin Madon
Venue: European Journal of Information Systems (2005)

Telecentres are seen as essential components of governance reform in the international development community and great optimism has been expressed in academic and policy literature regarding their developmental potential. The scope of our paper is to move beyond the confines of conventional governance ideology and to propose a broader conceptual lens through which to study the complexity of issues that need to be addressed in order to make telecentres sustainable. Following several years of experience with these projects, evidence shows that their long-term survival depends upon how interactions are managed between a host of players including the government, private entrepreneurs, international donors, telecommunications suppliers, local companies, civil society organisations and individual community members. This paper proposes that the sociology of governance approach is highly relevant for a study of telecentre sustainability. This theoretical approach is used as a lens through which to investigate issues regarding the sustainability of the Akshaya telecentre project in Kerala in terms of interactions between various groups of players. We adopt a practical reflexive-interpretive methodological approach to encourage the development and reshaping of theoretical ideas about governance through our empirical data. We identify five critical issues currently affecting sustainability of the Akshaya project focusing on how relations and exchanges have been managed over time. Our analysis has important theoretical and policy implications for the Akshaya project and more generally for telecentre initiatives launched as part of governance reform in developing countries.
Automated Schematic Mapping for MobileGIS: Technical developments and Human Factors requirements
Authors: Suchith Anand, Jim Nixon, Mike Jackson, J. Mark Ware, Sarah Sharples
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

This paper looks at how human factors requirements can be considered in the context of graphic conflict reduction for Mobile GIS applications. Currently this reduction is achieved by using schematic mapping techniques. With the advent of high-end miniature technology as well as digital geographic data products like OSMasterMap and OSCAR it is essential to devise proper methodologies for map generalization specifcally tailored for MobileGIS applications. This paper is concerned with the problem of producing schematic maps suitable for rendering on mobile display devices (e.g. PDAs). The application of schematic mapping can be-thought of as a data reduction technique for large scale datasets to make it suitable for rendering in mobile applications. These techniques have been based on computation and have not incorporated any understanding of how the simpliJication aflects the ease of use of the maps. It is therefore desirable to devise suitable generalization techniques incorporating human factors considerations for generating schematic maps from large scale datasets for display on small display devices to be usedfor MobileGIS applications.
Generalized Elastic Scheduling
Authors: Thidapat Chantem, Xiaobo Sharon Hu, M. D. Lemmon
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (2006)

The elastic task model [9] is a powerful model for adapting real-time systems in the presence of uncertainty. This paper generalizes the existing elastic scheduling approach in several directions. It reveals that the original task compression algorithm in [9] in fact solves a quadratic programming problem that seeks to minimize the sum of the squared deviation of a task's utilization from initial desired utilization. This finding indicates that the task compression algorithm may be applied to efficiently solve other similar types of problems. In particular, an iterative approach is proposed to solve the task compression problem for realtime tasks with deadlines less than respective periods. Furthermore, a new objective for minimizing the average difference of task periods from desired values is introduced and a closed-form formula is derived for solving the problem without recursion.
Generalized Cramer-Rao bound and the location parameter case
Authors: S. Batalama, D. Kazakos
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

A generalization of the Cramer-Rao (C-R) bound is derived for the p-th moment of any unbiased location parameter estimator. The relationship between the generalized C-R bound and the generalized Gaussian density is examined. A looser bound is also provided for the case of a mixture of generalized Gaussian densities as well as the case of multiple independent generalized Gaussian observations.
Contingent Negative Variation to Emotional In- and Out-Group Stimuli Differentiates High- and Low-Prejudiced Individuals
Authors: Pearl Chiu, Nalini Ambady, Patricia Deldin
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Low- and high-prejudiced individuals exhibited differential cortical and behavioral responses to the pending and actual evaluation of emotional in- and out-group faces. Participants viewed warning stimuli indicating the subsequent presentation of an angry or happy African-American or Caucasian face. Upon presentation of the face, participants judged whether they would enjoy working with the individual. The contingent negative variation (CNV ) component of the event-related potential in response to the pending presentation of in- and out-group emotional stimuli distinguished low- from high-prejudiced individuals. Specifically, low-prejudiced individuals showed greater early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American targets, and increased reaction time to evaluating these faces. High-prejudiced individuals showed decreased early CNV in anticipation of angry African-American faces, accompanied by decreased response latencies, and enhanced CNV in anticipation of happy Caucasian faces. Notably, no group differences emerged in either the pending or actual evaluation of happy out-group faces. The data are discussed with regard to implications for understanding the nature of prejudice, and underscore both the importance of emotional expression on how a target is appraised and also the utility of using converging measures to clarify processes that may contribute to social behavior.
ERP Evidence for a Sex-Specific Stroop Effect in Emotional Speech
Authors: Annett Schirmer, Sonja A. Kotz
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

The present study investigated the interaction of emotional prosody and word valence during emotional comprehension in men and women. In a prosody-word interference task, participants listened to positive, neutral, and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral, and angry prosody. Participants were asked to rate word valence while ignoring emotional prosody, or vice versa. Congruent stimuli were responded faster and more accurately as compared to incongruent emotional stimuli. This behavioral effect was more salient for the word valence task than for the prosodic task and was comparable between men and women. The event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a smaller N400 amplitude for congruent as compared to emotionally incongruent stimuli. This ERP effect, however, was significant only for the word valence judgment and only for female listeners. The present data suggest that the word valence judgment was more difficult and more easily influenced by task-irrelevant emotional information than the prosodic task in both men and women. Furthermore, although emotional prosody and word valence may have a similar influence on an emotional judgment in both sexes, ERPs indicate sex differences in the underlying processing. Women, but not men, show an interaction between prosody and word valence during a semantic processing stage.
Bridging the physical and virtual worlds by local connectivity-based physical selection
Authors: Heikki Ailisto, Lauri Pohjanheimo, Pasi V&#x00e4;lkkynen, Esko Str&#x00f6;mmer, Timo Tuomisto, Ilkka Korhonen
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (2006)

The prevalent visions of ambient intelligence emphasise natural interaction between user and functions and services embedded in the environment or available through mobile devices. In these scenarios the physical and virtual worlds seamlessly gear into each other, making crossing the border between these worlds natural or even invisible to the user. The bottleneck in reaching these scenarios appear in the natural mapping between the physical objects and their virtual counterparts. The emergence of local connectivity in mobile devices opens possibilities for implementing novel user interface paradigms to enhance this mapping. We present physical selection paradigm for implementing an intuitive human technology interaction for mobile devices. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the paradigm we implemented two experimental set-ups using commercially available smart phones with IrDA connectivity. The experiments involved selecting a website by physically pointing at its symbol and making a phone call by pointing at an icon representing the person to be called. In tentative user experiments the physical selection method was more time-efficient and it was perceived more positively by the users than a conventional method.
A Pulse-Coupled Neural Network as A Simplified Bottom-Up Visual Attention Model
Authors: Marcos Quiles, Roseli Romero, Liang Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks (2006)

This work presents a bottom-up visual attention model based on a Pulse-Coupled Neural Network for scene segmentation. Each object in a given scene is represented by a synchronized pulse train, while different objects fire at different phases. Taking this into account, the model focuses on one object at a time. Using this model, the limit of linear non-separability can be easily overcome and computer simulations show its good performance.
Using the Morphology of the Photoplethysmogram Envelope to Automatically Detect Hypovolemia
Authors: Stephen Paul Linder, Suzanne Wendelken
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

There currently is no clinically accepted noninvasive technique for detecting moderate blood loss. Clinicians instead normally rely on lagging indicators such as blood pressure and tachycardia. We propose to use changes in the morphology of the respiratory induced variation in the photoplethysmogram (PPG) to detect moderate hypovolemia in non-ventilated subjects. These changes were characterized by two statistically robust metrics that were developed to characterize the top and bottom envelope of the PPG. The first metric detects when the height of the top envelope becomes greater than the difference between the minimum of the top envelope and the maximum of the bottom envelope. The second metric robustly detects when the upper and lower envelopes synchronously rise or fall. The use of these metrics was then validated in nonintubated healthy volunteers with a Lower-Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) chamber which induces central hypovolemia by sequestering blood in the hips and lower extremities. Hypovolemia corresponding to sequestration of more than 1 liter of blood (LBNP > 60 mmHg) was consistently detected using these metrics before significant change in blood pressure, or tachycardia are observed.
Distinct Patterns of Neural Modulation during the Processing of Conceptual and Syntactic Anomalies
Authors: Gina R. Kuperberg, Phillip J. Holcomb, Tatiana Sitnikova, Douglas Greve, Anders M. Dale, David Caplan
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

The aim of this study was to gain further insights into how the brain distinguishes between meaning and syntax during language comprehension. Participants read and made plausibility judgments on sentences that were plausible, morphosyntactically anomalous, or pragmatically anomalous. In an event-related potential (ERP) experiment, morphosyntactic and pragmatic violations elicited significant P600 and N400 effects, respectively, replicating previous ERP studies that have established qualitative differences in processing conceptually and syntactic anomalies. Our main focus was a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which the same subjects read the same sentences presented in the same pseudorandomized sequence while performing the same task as in the ERP experiment. Rapid-presentation event-related fMRI methods allowed us to estimate the hemodynamic response at successive temporal windows as the sentences unfolded word by word, without assumptions about the shape of the underlying response function. Relative to nonviolated sentences, the pragmatic anomalies were associated with an increased hemodynamic response in left temporal and inferior frontal regions and a decreased response in the right medial parietal cortex. Relative to nonviolated sentences, the morphosyntactic anomalies were associated with an increased response in bilateral medial and lateral parietal regions and a decreased response in left temporal and inferior frontal regions. Thus, overlapping neural networks were modulated in opposite directions to the two types of anomaly. These fMRI findings document both qualitative and quantitative differences in how the brain distinguishes between these two types of anomalies. This suggests that morphosyntactic and pragmatic information can be processed in different ways but by the same neural systems.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Autonomy Oriented Computing
Authors: Li Tao, Zili Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

Dynamic reconfiguration has been listed as one of the key challenges in support of agent adaptation to environments, which has attracted much attention of researchers world wide. To tackle this tough problem, an Agent-Based Dynamic Reconfiguration Model (ADRM) is proposed from the autonomy-oriented computing (AOC) point of view. The ERA (Environment--Reactive rules--Agents) algorithm used in AOC is improved to support the organization formation behavior, which is essential in dynamic reconfiguration. To test the efficiency of this model and the effectiveness of different reactive behaviors, the performance of this model was investigated under different selection probabilities.
Regular graphs whose subgraphs tend to be acyclic
Authors: Noga Alon, Eitan Bachmat
Venue: Random Structures Algorithms (2006)

Motivated by a problem that arises in the study of mirrored storage systems, we describe, for any fixed ε, &delta; > 0, and any integer d &ge; 2, explicit or randomized constructions of d-regular graphs on n > n0(ε, &delta;) vertices in which a random subgraph obtained by retaining each edge, randomly and independently, with probability $\rho={1-\epsilon \over d-1}$, is acyclic with probability at least 1 - &delta;. On the other hand we show that for any d-regular graph G on n > n1(ε, &delta;) vertices, a random subgraph of G obtained by retaining each edge, randomly and independently, with probability $\rho={1+\epsilon \over d-1}$, does contain a cycle with probability at least 1 - &delta;. The proofs combine probabilistic and combinatorial arguments, with number theoretic techniques. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
Eliciting better quality architecture evaluation scenarios: a controlled experiment on top-down vs. bottom-up
Authors: Muhammed Ali Babar, Stefan Biffl
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

Scenarios are extensively used in software architecture evaluation. These scenarios are elicited from stakeholders using either a topdown or bottom-up approach. The former approach uses categorization schemes to focus stakeholders on developing scenarios for each required category. The latter approach uses brainstorming without any explicit categories of scenarios. It is claimed that top-down approach can result in improved quality of scenarios. However, there has been no empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of the scenario elicitation techniques. In this paper we report on a controlled experiment with 24 subjects (postgraduate and final year undergraduate students with industry experience) in an academic context with the goal to assess the relative effectiveness of the two scenario elicitation approaches. Two groups developed scenarios to characterize quality attributes: the treatment group was given software change categories, the control group was not. The outcome variable was the quality of the scenarios produced by each participant. The average quality score for individual scenario profiles in the treatment group was significantly greater than the control group. All participants using the change categories reported that the knowledge of change categories helped them develop better quality scenarios. Our results support the claim that the provision of domainspecific software change categories helps generate better quality scenarios.
A Predictive Method for Providing Fault Tolerance in Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Alessandro de Luna Almeida, Samir Aknine, Jean-Pierre Briot, Jacques Malenfant
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

The growing importance of multi-agent applications and the need for a higher quality of service in these systems justify the increasing interest in fault-tolerant multi-agent systems. In this article, we propose an original method for providing dependability in multi-agent systems through replication. Our method is different from other works because our research focuses on building an automatic, adaptive and predictive replication policy where critical agents are replicated to avoid failures. This policy is determined by taking into account the criticality of the plans of the agents, which contain the collective and individual behaviors of the agents in the application. The set of replication strategies applied at a given moment to an agent is then fine-tuned gradually by the replication system so as to reflect the dynamicity of the multi-agent system. We report on experiments assessing the efficiency of our approach.