ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adaptive MMSE decision feedback equalizer for asynchronous CDMA with erasure algorithm
Authors: Amit Kumar Kohli, D. K. Mehra
Venue: Digital Signal Processing (2005)

Adaptive decision feedback equalizer with erasure algorithm (E-DFE) is proposed for asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) transmission, which not only combats intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) but also reduces the effects of error propagation in the presence of Gaussian background noise. To reduce the possibility of feeding back the wrong decisions, the output of the feedforward filter of the E-DFE is processed before it is fed back to the feedback filter. Specifically, the focus is on the performance of E-DFE using soft-slicer based on a novel erasure algorithm. In addition, the fully connected feedback filter of E-DFE has been used to eliminate ISI due to other active users. Comparison of the performance of conventional decision feedback equalizer (C-DFE) and E-DFE over slowly varying frequency selective fading channel is presented to show the advantages of E-DFE in terms of reduced average bit error rate performance. Simulation results are also presented to show the substantial improvement in its performance under near-far situations and the sudden change in the signal power of the desired user.
Dynamic disparity adjustment and histogram-based filtering of range data for fast 3-D hand tracking
Authors: Leonid V. Tsap, Min C. Shin
Venue: Digital Signal Processing (2004)

Range data is very important in human-computer interaction applications. Although less costly, range acquisition and processing still presents a speed vs data reliability tradeoff. This paper proposes a method that, given noisy and generally unreliable range data, can filter out erroneous information using range histograms for regions of interest selected in registered color data. Then, using the resulting consistent data that has passed filters, this method limits the depth search space dynamically using motion history and its current state. Experimental results demonstrate the success of the proposed algorithm. Using filtered range data, the algorithm correctly identified the hand involved in manipulation 99.85% of the time. Dynamic disparity adjustment produced a speedup of 60.17% over a static disparity range selection. An application to virtual reality navigation is also presented.
Using physics engines to track objects in images
Authors: F. De Chaumont, A. Dufour, P. Serreau, J. Chabout, S. Münter, F. Frischknecht, S. Granon, J.-C. Olivo-Marin
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (2009)

This paper tackles the problem of tracking multiple articulated objects undergoing frequent contacts in a video sequence. Conventional tracking methods usually fail to distinguish objects during contact, implying the use of disambiguation techniques to recover the identity of each object. Moreover, such methods do not provide detailed shape information at the articulation level. We address these limitations by proposing a novel approach to track multiple articulated objects using the mean-shift technique and physics engines. By defining a model of each object using geometrical primitives and physical constraints, we exploit the physics engine force solver as a control layer of the mean-shift process and follow the model and its deformation along the sequence. The method is applied to track mice observed with a webcam and two sporozoites observed in reflection interference contrast microscopy, highlighting the flexibility and genericity of the framework.
Real-time scalable attribute querying framework for RFID based smart spaces
Authors: Gautam Das, Amrit Kumar, Aura Ganz
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

RFIDs are becoming ubiquitous in our social and economic lives, gradually transforming the environment into a smart space. In this paper we introduce SCOUT system built on a novel decentralized architecture for massive scale smart environments. SCOUT provides an underlying framework for efficient management of runtime activities and querying of smart object attributes. The architecture fulfills the need for dynamic attribute detection across a wide range of applications and can be deployed in diverse settings. The proposed SCOUT system can help management and attribute detection in scenarios such retailing, manufacturing, transportation and distribution industries. The advantage of the framework lies in its simplicity and ease of implementation. We present a set of results, by building a simulation environment as well as a workload generator, which highlight the proposed framework scalability.
Toward a successful CRM: variable selection, sampling, and ensemble
Authors: YongSeog Kim
Venue: Decision Support Systems (2006)

This paper studies the effects of variable selection and class distribution on the performance of specific logit regression (i.e., a primitive classier system) and artificial neural network (ANN; a relatively more sophisticated classifier system) implementations in a customer relationship management (CRM) setting. Finally, ensemble models are constructed by combining the predictions of multiple classiers. This paper shows that ANN ensembles with variable selection show the most stable performance over various class distributions.
Belief propagation based decoding of large non-orthogonal STBCs
Authors: Madhekar Suneel, Pritam Som, A. Chockalingam, B. Sundar Rajan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Symposium on Information Theory - Volume 3 (2009)

In this paper, we present a belief propagation (BP) based algorithm for decoding non-orthogonal space-time block codes (STBC) from cyclic division algebras (CDA) having large dimensions. The proposed approach involves message passing on Markov random field (MRF) representation of the STBC MIMO system. Adoption of BP approach to decode non-orthogonal STBCs of large dimensions has not been reported so far. Our simulation results show that the proposed BP-based decoding achieves increasingly closer to SISO AWGN performance for increased number of dimensions. In addition, it also achieves near-capacity turbo coded BER performance; for e.g., with BP decoding of 24 × 24 STBC from CDA using BPSK (i.e., 576 real dimensions) and rate-1/2 turbo code (i.e., 12 bps/Hz spectral efficiency), coded BER performance close to within just about 2.5 dB from the theoretical MIMO capacity is achieved.
Implementing a software-based 802.11 MAC on a customized platform
Authors: Hans-Peter Loeb, Matthias Gries, Christian Sauer
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

Wireless network (WLAN) platforms today are based on complex and inflexible hardware solutions to meet performance and deadline constraints for Media Access Control (MAC). Contrary to that, physical layer solutions, such as Software Defined Radio, become more and more flexible and support several competing standards. A flexible MAC counterpart is needed for system solutions that can keep up with the rising variety of WLAN protocols.We revisit the case for programmable MAC implementations looking at recent WLAN standards and show the feasibility of a software-based MAC. Our exploration uses IEEE 802.11a-e as design driver, which makes great demands on Quality-of-Service, security, and throughput. We apply our SystemC framework for efficiently assessing the quality of design points and reveal trade-offs between memory requirements, core performance, application-specific optimizations, and responsiveness of MAC implementations. In the end, two embedded cores at moderate speed (< 200MHz) with lightweight support for message passing using small buffers are sufficient for sustaining worst-case scenarios in software.
Point-spread function retrieval for fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Praveen Pankajakshan, Laure Blanc-Féraud, Zvi Kam, Josiane Zerubia
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (2009)

In this paper we propose a method for retrieving the Point Spread Function (PSF) of an imaging system given the observed image sections of a fluorescent microsphere. Theoretically calculated PSFs often lack the experimental or microscope specific signatures while empirically obtained data are either over sized or (and) too noisy. The effect of noise and the influence of the microsphere size can be mitigated from the experimental data by using a Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) algorithm. The true experimental parameters can then be estimated by fitting the result to a model based on the scalar diffraction theory with lower order Spherical Aberration (SA). The algorithm was tested on some simulated data and the results obtained validate the usefulness of the approach for retrieving the PSF from measured data.
Mobile 3DTV technology demonstrator based on OMAP 3430
Authors: Atanas Gotchev, Antti Tikanmäki, Atanas Boev, Karen Egiazarian, Ivan Pushkarov, Nikolai Daskalov
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing (2009)

We present receiver-side components of the mobile 3DTV technology being developed. We focus on the DVB-T/H receiving module, the 3D video decoder and player, and the auto-stereoscopic display. These three components have been integrated within the OMAP 3430 EVM. We have developed software decapsulator which decapsulates MPE-FEC tables out of MPEG2 transform streams into RTP to feed the H.264 based video decoder modified to decode side-by-side stereo video. An interface card has been developed to interface a parallax barrier autostereoscopic display to the system. We provide details about the implementation of these modules and focus on some image processing techniques aimed at correct display of the stereo video content.
Efficient reconciliation protocol for discrete-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: David Elkouss, Anthony Leverrier, Romain Alléaume, Joseph J. Boutros
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Symposium on Information Theory - Volume 3 (2009)

Reconciliation is an essential part of any secret-key agreement protocol and hence of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol, where two legitimate parties are given correlated data and want to agree on a common string in the presence of an adversary, while revealing a minimum amount of information. In this paper, we show that for discrete-variable QKD protocols, this problem can be advantageously solved with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes optimized for the binary symmetric channel (BSC). In particular, we demonstrate that our method leads to a significant improvement of the achievable secret key rate, with respect to earlier interactive reconciliation methods used in QKD.
Optimized multicast service management in a mobile WiMAX TV system
Authors: Ning Liao, Yuntao Shi, Jianfeng Chen, Jun Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

WiMAX technology is a good candidate to provide broadcast TV services for mobile users because it supports QoS based multicasting functionality. To provide multicast-based TV services over the mobile WiMAX network, a multicast session setup involves both MAC-layer and IP-layer multicast management. However, in mobile environment, IP-layer multicast management entails service interruption due to unreliable wireless transmission, and disrupts mobile terminal's power-saving mode. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer multicast service management scheme that can not only avoid the service interruption and power-saving mode disruption but also reduce the bandwidth consumption for IP-layer multicast signaling. Simulation results demonstrate that the scheme can eliminate the unnecessary power consumption caused by IP-layer multicast signaling, and improve the wireless uplink throughput as well. We also study, by simulation, the influence of the multicast management signaling procedures on channel switching time that is a major performance indication for mobile TV services.
Multiple decision feedback equalizers for vector systems with complexity/performance tradeoff
Authors: Barry Cardiff, Brian Gaffney, Anthony D. Fagan
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Telecommunications (2009)

We consider detectors for the class of vector systems describable by the matrix equation y = Ax + n, where y is a vector of observations, n the additive noise vector, A the known system matrix, and x are the unknown (to be estimated) symbols drawn from a finite symbol alphabet. A novel detector is developed consisting of the combination of Multiple Decision Feedback Equalizers (M-DFE) each with a permutation functionality included in such a way as to produce a detector structure that can Significantly out-perform the conventional single DFE. Different arrangements are possible allowing a complexity / performance trade-off. The serial cascade where each DFE adapts its permutation based on reliability metrics from the previous DFE out-performs the parallel autonomous arrangement for the same number of DFEs. We also outline complexity reduction techniques for the special cases of Hadamard based precoded OFDM and single carrier OFDM that are more applicable to the parallel arrangement.
An integrated WiMAX/WiFi architecture with QoS consistency over broadband wireless networks
Authors: Hui-Tang Lin, Ying-You Lin, Wang-Rong Chang, Rung-Shiang Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

WiMAX and WiFi have emerged as promising broadband access solutions for the latest generation of wireless MANs and LANs, respectively. Their complementary features enable the use of WiMAX as a backhaul service to connect multiple dispersed WiFi hotspots to the Internet. This study proposes an integrated architecture utilizing a novel WiMAX/WiFi Access Point (W2-AP) device to effectively combine the WiMAX and WiFi technologies. In the proposed architecture, the protocol operation of the WiFi hotspots is the same as that of the WiMAX system. As a result, the WiFi network can support connection-oriented transmissions and QoS in a similar fashion to the WiMAX system, and thus a considerable improvement in the delay performance is obtained. The numerical results obtained using a Qualnet simulator confirm both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed architecture.
A practical look at micro-kernels and virtual machine monitors
Authors: François Armand, Michel Gien
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

In this paper, we look at two different approaches used to provide embedded system support for virtualization and virtual machine monitors for consumer electronics and mobile devices. We compare the micro-kernel approach, which has been a popular choice for building embedded operating systems with the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or hypervisor approach widely deployed in general purpose computing environments such as desktops and data center servers. Comparison criteria are based on virtualization use cases that are typical of Consumer Electronics (CE) systems such as mobile devices and IPTV. These approaches are further evaluated based on performance and on their ability to allow re-use of existing (often real-time) software as well as modern open operating systems such as Linux while remaining as transparently as possible. Such transparency can come through different paths, including: leveraging of hardware virtualization support, minimal modifications to the original operating system internals (kernel, device drivers, etc.), and the ability to use existing operating system applications as-is and without the need to port them to a new environment. An analysis of the fundamental principles behind each approach is presented with a discussion of their impact on existing operating environments, together with practical performance results based on existing micro-kernels and real-time hypervisor benchmarks. We conclude that mapping the VMM (hypervisor) approach used in data centers to the needs of embedded systems is a better option for the support of complete operating systems (as guests) than extending micro-kernels for such functionality.
Tetrahedral mesh generation from volumetric binary and gray-scale images
Authors: Qianqian Fang, David A. Boas
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (2009)

We report a general purpose mesh genretor for creating finite-element surface or volumetric mesh from 3D binary or gray-scale medical images. This toolbox incorporates a number of exisiting free mesh processing utilities and enables researchers to perform a range of mesh processing tasks for image-based mesh generation, including raw image processing, surface mesh extraction, surface re-sampling, and multi-scale/adaptive tetrahedral mesh generation open-surfaces and sub-region labeling. Atomic meshin utilities for each processing step can be accessed with simple interfaces, which can be streamlined or executed independently. The toolbox is compatible with Matlab or GNU Octave. We demonstrate the applications of this toolbox for meshing a range of challenging geometrics including complex vessel network, human brain and breast.
A new adaptive band weighting technique for hydrocarbon detection
Authors: Yifeng Li, George A. Lampropoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing (2009)

In this study, a new approach is presented for hydrocarbon detection using hyperspectral data. The algorithm is developed based on an adaptive band weighting (ABW) technique which utilizes information in diffferent spectral bands of the hyperspectral data to enhance the detection of desired oil signatures while suppressed the unwanted background. A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is then used to obtain detected hydrocarbon under a constant false alarm rate. The algorithm has been tested using an AVIRIS hyperspectral data. A comparison study is also carried out between ABW algorithm and the Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) algorithm in a small subscene of the AVIRlS data based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves from the 10 regions of interest. The presented algorithm has a higher probability of hydrocarbon detection and lower false alarm than that of MTMF results.
Reduction of relay overhead in IEEE 802.16j mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) networks
Authors: Kyungmin Lee, Juwook Jang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

In IEEE 802.16j standard, relays are added to increase coverage and improve throughput. However, some overhead results from the inclusion of the relays. One typical example is an addition of R-MAP (Relay MAP) to be included in the header of the frames transmitted from BS (Base Station) to RS (Relay Stations) in non-transparent mode [1]. The R-MAP conveys transmission schedules for the burst data from BS to an RS. Since R-MAP is mostly modulated by the lower MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) level (QPSK 1/2 for example), the bandwidth consumption is considerable. Compared with higher MCS level (64QAM 3/4 for example) used by data bursts, it uses 5 times the bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a scheme to compress the R-MAP and show its efficiency through simulation. We also show how to reduce the CID (Connection identifiers) information in MAC headers to further reduce the overhead from relaying. Compression of R-MAP will greatly reduce the overhead from relaying. In other words, we reduce the overhead from relaying in control plane (R-MAP) as well as in data plane (MAC header). As confirmed by the performance evaluation, MAC Efficiency of the proposed schemes is higher than that of the Standard schemes by approximately 11%.
Exploiting malicious node detection for lifetime extension of sensor networks
Authors: R. Behnke, J. Salzmann, D. Lieckfeldt, K. Thurow, F. Golatowski, D. Timmermann
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Conference on Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (2009)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have attracted considerable research effort in the community during the past couple of years. One of the most challenging issues so far is the extension of network lifetime with regards to small battery capacity and self-sustained operation. Endeavors to save energy have been made on various frontiers, ranging from hardware improvements over medium access and routing protocols to network clustering and role changing strategies. In addition some authors studied failures in communication regarded as error detection. Yet, only weak attention has been paid to the detection of malicious nodes and its potential for lifetime extension. In this work, we present a short overview of detection and classification of malicious nodes in WSN and describe its potential in terms of network lifetime and reliability.
Adaptive minimum bit error rate beamforming assisted receiver for QPSK wireless communication
Authors: S. Chen, L. Hanzo, N. N. Ahmad, A. Wolfgang
Venue: Digital Signal Processing (2005)

This paper considers interference limited communication systems where the desired user and interfering users are symbol-synchronized. A novel adaptive beamforming technique is proposed for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) receiver based directly on minimizing the bit error rate. It is demonstrated that the proposed minimum bit error rate (MBER) approach utilizes the system resource (antenna array elements) more intelligently, than the standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) approach. Consequently, an MBER beamforming assisted receiver is capable of providing significant performance gains in terms of a reduced bit error rate over an MMSE beamforming one. A block-data based adaptive implementation of the theoretical MBER beamforming solution is developed based on the classical Parzen window estimate of probability density function. Furthermore, a sample-by-sample adaptive implementation is also considered, and a stochastic gradient algorithm, called the least bit error rate, is derived for the beamforming assisted QPSK receiver.
3-receiver broadcast channels with common and confidential messages
Authors: Yeow-Khiang Chia, Abbas El Gamal
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Symposium on Information Theory - Volume 3 (2009)

Achievable secrecy rate regions for the general 3-receiver broadcast channel with one common and one confidential message sets are established. We consider two setups: (i) when the confidential message is to be sent to two of the receivers and the third receiver is an eavesdropper; and (ii) when the confidential message is to be sent to one of the receivers and the other two receivers are eavesdroppers. We show that our secrecy rate regions are optimum for some special cases.
Error exponents of optimum decoding for the degraded broadcast channel using moments of type class enumerators
Authors: Yonatan Kaspi, Neri Merhav
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Symposium on Information Theory - Volume 4 (2009)

The analysis of random coding error exponents pertaining to optimal decoding in a degraded broadcast with degraded message sets is revisited. Instead of using Jensens inequality as well as some other inequalities in the derivation, we demonstrate that, after an initial step, an exponentially tight analysis can be carried out by assessing the relevant moments of a certain type class enumerator.