ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Semantic Web Service Composition Based on a Closed World Assumption
Authors: Freddy Lecue, Alain Leger
Venue: Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services (2006)

Automation of Web service composition i.e., the process of forming new value added Web services is one of the most promising challenges in Web service research area. Such an automation does not involve only a richer semantic for Web service description but also reasoning processes about those descriptions. Semantics is supposed to be one of the key elements for the automation of Web service composition. Indeed semantic Web services enable a rich machineunderstandable descriptions of their capabilities and processes in order to ease automation of processes such as discovery, selection and composition. In this paper one studies the functional level description of Web services and its impact on Web service composition hence the presentation of a formal model CLM (Causal link matrix). The model supports a semantic context in order to find a correct, complete and consistent plan as a AI planning-based composition. The innovative and formal model follows a forward chaining-oriented composition. Moreover two methods of optimization (i.e., local-oriented and a global-oriented) of Web service composition are introduced to discover the best plan according to a semantic criterion i.e., the causal link between Web services.
Mental Imagery of Faces and Places Activates Corresponding Stiimulus-Specific Brain Regions
Authors: K. M. O'Craven, N. Kanwisher
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

What happens in the brain when you conjure up a mental image in your mind's eye? We tested whether the particular regions of extrastriate cortex activated during mental imagery depend on the content of the image. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRRI), we demonstrated selective activation within a region of cortex specialized for face perception during mental imagery of faces, and selective activation within a place-selective cortical region during imagery of places. In a further study, we compared the activation for imagery and perception in these regions, and found greater response magnitudes for perception than for imagery of the same items. Finally, we found that it is possible to determine the content of single cognitive events from an inspection of the fMRI data from individual imagery trials. These findings strengthen evidence that imagery and perception share common processing mechanisms, and demonstrate that the specific brain regions activated during mental imagery depend on the content of the visual image.
Neural Topography and Content of Movement Representations
Authors: Floris P. De Lange, Peter Hagoort, Ivan Toni
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

We have used implicit motor imagery to investigate the neural correlates of motor planning independently from actual movements. Subjects were presented with drawings of left or right hands and asked to judge the hand laterality, regardless of the stimulus rotation from its upright orientation. We paired this task with a visual imagery control task, in which subjects were presented with typographical characters and asked to report whether they saw a canonical letter or its mirror image, regardless of its rotation. We measured neurovascular activity with fast event-related fMRI, distinguishing responses parametrically related to motor imagery from responses evoked by visual imagery and other task-related phenomena. By quantifying behavioral and neurovascular correlates of imagery on a trial-by-trial basis, we could discriminate between stimulusrelated, mental rotation-related, and response-related neural activity. We found that specific portions of the posterior parietal and precentral cortex increased their activity as a function of mental rotation only during the motor imagery task. Within these regions, the parietal cortex was visually responsive, whereas the dorsal precentral cortex was not. Response- but not rotation-related activity was found around the left central sulcus (putative primary motor cortex) during both imagery tasks. Our study provides novel evidence on the topography and content of movement representations in the human brain. During intended action, the posterior parietal cortex combines somatosensory and visuomotor information, whereas the dorsal premotor cortex generates the actual motor plan, and the primary motor cortex deals with movement execution. We discuss the relevance of these results in the context of current models of action planning.
Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm Based on PSO and GA Mutation
Authors: A. A. A. Esmin, G. Lambert-Torres, G. B. Alvarenga
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The main idea is to integrate PSO with GA mutation method. Simulations for a series of benchmark test functions show that the hybrid proposed method possess better ability to find the global optimum than the standard PSO algorithm.
Making Virtual Reality More Accessible
Authors: George Lawton
Venue: Computer (2006)

Decreasing computing and storage costs combined with less complex and more affordable technology are leading to increased use of virtual reality for the enhanced visualization it creates.
A mechanism for creating web services interfaces to scientific applications on demand from workflows
Authors: Dennis Gannon
Venue:  (2006)

Service Oriented Computing is a new paradigm for accessing, integrating and coordinating loosely coupled software systems in a standardized way. It aims to reduce the cost of building and maintaining complex software systems while increasing their re-usability. It is increasingly being employed by large scientific collaborations to "wrap" existing command-line scientific applications as web services i.e. to create an additional "web services layer" on top of existing command-line scientific applications. The "web services layer" is called an application service and is described using the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) [25]. It serves as an interface to the underlying application. Thus, when a user invokes an application service with some input parameters, the service runs its application with those input parameters, monitors the application and returns the output results to the user. Since web services can be easily described, published, discovered and consumed in a standard way, by wrapping command-line scientific applications as application services, scientists can describe, publish, discover and consume those applications also in a standard way. This enables scientists to easily compose complex scientific workflows from a distributed set of command-line scientific applications, run and monitor them on a distributed set of heterogeneous resources. However, during the execution of such complex scientific workflows, application services often become unavailable primarily due to the unreliable nature of the resources that host them. When an application service becomes unavailable, all workflows that are accessing it must be stopped and can be resumed only after it becomes available, and thus wastes a lot of time and resources. This is an important and widespread problem and no good solutions to this problem currently exist. This thesis offers a new solution to this problem, by providing a mechanism by which application services can be created on-demand from workflows in the event that they are unavailable.
Queueing systems fed by many exponential on-off sources: an infinite-intersection approach
Authors: Michel Mandjes, Petteri Mannersalo
Venue: Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (2006)

In queueing theory, an important class of events can be written as `infinite intersections'. For instance, in a queue with constant service rate c, busy periods starting at 0 and exceeding L > 0 are determined by the intersection of the events $$\bigcap_{t\in[0,L]}\{Q_0=0,\;A_t > ct\}$$ , i.e., queue Q t is empty at 0 and for all t¿ [0, L] the amount of traffic A t arriving in [0,t) exceeds the server capacity. Also the event of exceeding some predefined threshold in a tandem queue, or a priority queue, can be written in terms of this kind of infinite intersections. This paper studies the probability of such infinite intersections in queueing systems fed by a large number n of i.i.d. traffic sources (the so-called `many-sources regime'). If the sources are of the exponential on-off type, and the queueing resources are scaled proportional to n, the probabilities under consideration decay exponentially; we explicitly characterize the corresponding decay rate. The techniques used stem from large deviations theory (particularly sample-path large deviations).
ROFL: routing on flat labels
Authors: Matthew Caesar, Tyson Condie, Jayanthkumar Kannan, Karthik Lakshminarayanan, Ion Stoica
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2006)

It is accepted wisdom that the current Internet architecture conflates network locations and host identities, but there is no agreement on how a future architecture should distinguish the two. One could sidestep this quandary by routing directly on host identities themselves, and eliminating the need for network-layer protocols to include any mention of network location. The key to achieving this is the ability to route on flat labels. In this paper we take an initial stab at this challenge, proposing and analyzing our ROFL routing algorithm. While its scaling and efficiency properties are far from ideal, our results suggest that the idea of routing on flat labels cannot be immediately dismissed.
The Effectiveness of Refactoring, Based on a Compatibility Testing Taxonomy and a Dependency Graph
Authors: S. Counsell, R. M. Hierons, R. Najjar, G. Loizou, Y. Hassoun
Venue: Proceedings of the Testing: Academic & Industrial Conference on Practice And Research Techniques (2006)

In this paper, we describe and then appraise a testing taxonomy proposed by van Deursen and Moonen (VD&M) [9] based on the post-refactoring repeatability of tests. Four categories of refactoring are identified by VD&M ranging from semanticpreserving to incompatible, where, for the former, no new tests are required and for the latter, a completely new test set has to be developed. In our appraisal of the taxonomy, we heavily stress the need for the inter-dependence of the refactoring categories to be considered when making refactoring decisions and we base that need on a refactoring dependency graph developed as part of the research. We demonstrate that while incompatible refactorings may be harmful and time-consuming from a testing perspective, semantic-preserving refactorings can have equally unpleasant hidden ramifications despite their advantages. In fact, refactorings which fall into neither category have the most interesting properties. We support our results with empirical refactoring data drawn from seven Java Open-Source Systems (OSS) and from the same analysis form a tentative categorization of code smells.
AlViz - A Tool for Visual Ontology Alignment
Authors: Monika Lanzenberger, Jennifer Sampson
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

We introduce a multiple-view tool called AlViz, which supports the alignment of ontologies visually. Ontologies play an important role for interoperability between organizations and for the semantic web because they aim at capturing domain knowledge in a generic way and provide a consensual understanding of a domain. Alignment is the process where for each entity in one ontology we try to find a corresponding entity in the second ontology with the same or the closest meaning. Existing ontology alignment tools do not adequately provide a way for users to analyse the results. While many alignment tools generate lists of mappings it is difficult to analyse these alignments without examining every pairwise correspondence in the output files and even then it is an overwhelming task. We propose the use of visualization techniques to facilitate user understanding of the ontology alignment results. AlViz is implemented as a tab plug-in for Protege.
Performance analysis of two direction estimation algorithms using an acoustic vector sensor
Authors: A. Nehorai, E. Paldi
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The authors analyze the statistical performance of two algorithms proposed earlier (1991) for source direction estimation using a single (lumped) acoustic vector sensor. The first algorithm uses the four-dimensional acoustic pressure-velocity vector, and the second uses only the three-dimensional acoustic velocity vector. The mean-square angular errors (MSAEs) of these algorithms are evaluated and compared with their lower bound.
Vicarious Learning and Multimodal Dialogue
Authors: John Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Vicarious Learning is learning from watching others learn. We believe that this is a powerful model for computer-based learning. Learning episodes can be captured and replayed to later learners: this depends on the learning content being accessible and as far as possible external. A natural context for this is learning embedded in dialogue, and especially multimodal dialogue involving diagrams and gesture. This paper discusses work in progress in two projects addressing aspects of these issues.
Introducing the Haskell equational reasoning assistant
Authors: Andy Gill
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell (2006)

We introduce the new, improved version of the Haskell Equational Reasoning Assistant, which consists of an Ajax application for rewriting Haskell fragments in their context, and an API for scripting non-trivial rewrites.
Automatic relevance feedback for video retrieval
Authors: P. Muneesawang, L. Guan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This paper presents an automatic relevance feedback method for improving retrieval accuracy in video database. We first demonstrate a representation based on a template-frequency model (TFM) that allows the full use of the temporal dimension. We then integrate the TFM with a self-training neural network structure to adaptively capture different degrees of visual importance in a video sequence. Forward and backward signal propagation is the key in this automatic relevance feedback method in order to enhance retrieval accuracy.
Dynamic Problems and Nature Inspired Meta-Heuristics
Authors: Tim Hendtlass, Irene Moser, Marcus Randall
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Biological systems are, by their very nature, adaptive. However, the meta-heuristic search algorithms inspired by them have mainly been applied to static problems (i.e., problems that do not change while they are being solved). Recently, a greater body of work has been completed on the newer meta-heuristics, particularly ant colony optimisation, particle swarm optimisation and extremal optimisation. This survey paper examines representative works and methodologies of these techniques on this class of problems. Beyond this we outline the limitations of these methods.
Pitch Detection with Fuzzy Computation
Authors: Mangui Liang, Qi Hu, Jie Peng, Guoqiao Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

The pitch has some ambiguity as other features of speech. In this paper, a method for pitch extraction with fuzzy computation is presented. Besides a pitch period, a quantity representing confidence to whether a frame of speech signal is voiced or unvoiced is given together. It is adequate to the recognition of Four- Tone feature, which is specific and important for Chinese.
Multilingual ICT education: language observatory as a monitoring instrument
Authors: Mohd Zaidi Abd Rozan, Yoshiki Mikami, Ahmad Zaki Abu Bakar, Om Vikas
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 South East Asia Regional Computer Science Confederation (SEARCC) Conference - Volume 46 (2005)

Ubiquitous learning challenges students to become adept at information retrieval, management and synthesis from a variety of sources. This sparks discovery activities that are student-centred and personalized. Personalized means that the learning is best conducted in the natural language of the student. Language is an important tool for human communication and at the moment, the language dominating ICT is English. Although many efforts have been made, learning English is a slow and expensive process. There were also many casualties and sacrifices which unfortunately were at the expenses of many local and indigenous languages and cultural heritage. This paper presents an effort made by a consortium of universities and research centres in Asia to address the problem of language digital divide by establishing a World Language Observatory. Compared to an astronomical observatory, which observes space for astronomical phenomena, a language observatory observes language phenomena in cyberspace. Software agents in the form of soft bots are periodically sent into cyberspace by the mother Language Observatory in Japan to examine websites and identify its languages and contents in an attempt to identify language communities in various regions of cyberspace. Assisted by various language observatories around the world a language census chart is then published annually on the UNESCO's International Mother Language Day to inform the world of the current language situation in cyberspace which have implications on education.
A Methodology to Improve the Detection Accuracy in Digital Steganalysis
Authors: Antonio Savoldi, Paolo Gubian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

The aim of this paper is to present a method to improve the detection accuracy of a blind steganalysis system from an engineering perspective, enlightening the effective methods to make a good dataset to be usable in building a blind steganographic system and showing significant results related to the use of the wavelet coefficients' statistics. Our experiments have been made using a large dataset of JPEG images obtained from a certified source that can be offered to the scientific community to compare the different proposed approaches in an objective way. The results show the effectiveness of the used solution on a large dataset and the real improvements in the detection accuracy.
Role of edge detection in video semantics
Authors: Michael Lee, Surya Nepal, Uma Srinivasan
Venue: Selected papers from the 2002 Pan-Sydney workshop on Visualisation - Volume 22 (2003)

The semantic gap or semantic chasm is a well-known problem in content-based image and video retrieval. To address this problem, many techniques have been proposed in the literature. A more common approach is the use of low-level features such as colour, texture and shape for semantic analysis. Our focus in this paper is on the edge feature, which has not been exploited to the same extent as other low-level features for semantic analysis. In this paper, we present an algorithm for edge detection, and illustrate the usage of edges for semantic analysis of video content.We first propose an algorithm for detecting edges within video frames directly on the MPEG format without a decompression process. The algorithm is based on a spatial-domain synthetic edge model, which is defined using interrelationship of two DCT edge features: horizontal and vertical. We use a multistep approach to classify video sequences into meaningful semantic segments such as "goal", "foul", and "crowd" in basketball games using the "edgeness" criteria. We then show how an audio feature ("whistle") can be used as a filter to enhance edge-based semantic classification fro sports videos.
Building Business Processes or Assembling Service Components: Reuse Services with BPEL4WS and SCA
Authors: Zhile Zou, Zhenhua Duan
Venue: Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services (2006)

The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has attracted lots of attentions these days. However, SOA is essentially a design methodology that has existed for decades, and doesn't provide enough details about the development, reuse and integration of the services. The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS) has offered a formal specification for integrating loosely coupled services and building flexible business processes. And the newly emerging Service Component Architecture (SCA) provides a set of specifications which describe a model for implementing SCA service components and assembling existing services. Despite the differences in their mechanisms for reusing and integrating services in SOA, they complement each other in nature. In this paper, we present indepth discussions about their features, and combine them to achieve useful service reuse patterns for building nontrivial applications in SOA.
A Self-organizing Data Store for Large Scale Distributed Infrastructures
Authors: Thomas Risse, Predrag Knezevic
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (2005)

The introduction of Service Oriented Architectures enables the transition from integrated, centrally controlled systems to federated and dynamic configurable systems. Scalability and reliability are key requirements for such infrastructures. Due to the size and dynamic only decentralized and self-organizing systems are able to accomplish the previously mentioned requirements. In this paper we describe our approach to tackle the problem within the BRICKS project. Here we use a completely decentralized XML database to store several types of metadata. We will present the database architecture and the way it is used in the BRICKS architecture, exemplary for service discovery. Furthermore will we give an overview of current research activities and preliminary results.
DOA: DSR over AODV Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Rendong Bai Mukesh Singhal
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2006)

We present a lightweight hierarchical routing model, Way Point Routing (WPR), in which a number of intermediate nodes on a route are selected as waypoints and the route is divided into segments by the waypoints. Waypoints, including the source and the destination, run a high-level intersegment routing protocol, while the nodes on each segment run a low-level intrasegment routing protocol. One distinct advantage of our model is that when a node on the route moves out or fails, instead of discarding the whole original route and discovering a new route from the source to the destination, only the two waypoint nodes of the broken segment have to find a new segment. In addition, our model is lightweight because it maintains a hierarchy only for nodes on active routes. On the other hand, existing hierarchical routing protocols such as CGSR and ZRP maintain hierarchies for the entire network. We present an instantiation of WPR, where we use DSR as the intersegment routing protocol and AODV as the intrasegment routing protocol. This instantiation is termed DSR over AODV (DOA) routing protocol. Thus, DSR and AODV—two well-known on-demand routing protocols for MANETs—are combined into one hierarchical routing protocol and become two special cases of our protocol. Furthermore, we present two novel techniques for DOA: one is an efficient loop detection method and the other is a multitarget route discovery. Simulation results show that DOA scales well for large networks with more than 1,000 nodes, incurring about 60 percent-80 percent less overhead than AODV, while other metrics are better than or comparable to AODV and DSR.