ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Teaching a Java-based CS1 course in an academically-diverse environment
Authors: James Comer, Robert Roggio
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2002)

The Texas Christian University (TCU) Computer Science Department was established in 1981. From the outset, the Department's CS1 course has presented significant teaching challenges due to the wide diversity of student's taking the class. Traditionally, only 25-35% of the students enrolled in the course are computing science majors, the remaining being students from a wide diversity of disciplines, many of which are non-science based. Despite the diversity, it has been necessary for the course, and its content, to be structured to satisfy essential core requirements for students majoring in computer science and computer information science as well as to meet program requirements for the many non-computer science majors taking the course. This paper discusses some of the unique issues associated with teaching a Java-based CS1 course to a very diverse group of students, the majority of which have very unsophisticated problem solving skills, and little or no programming expertise. A representative set of experiments and programming assignments are included.
Generator and Flash Demystified: The Official Guide to Using Generator with Flash
Authors: Phillip M. Torrone, Chris Wiggins, Mike Chambers
Venue:  (2001)

:Generator and Flash Demystified: The Official Guide to Using Generator with Flash, written by leading Flash developers Philip Torrone, Chris Wiggins, and Mike Chambers, is an in-depth guide to using Macromedia Generator and Flash, two of the hottest Web technologies in use today. This complete reference teaches Web developers and designers how to use both tools to deliver streamlined, dynamic Web graphics to their sites. Readers will learn to work within the Generator development interface and authoring environment, how to work get "under the hood" with Generator's objects, data sources, and properties, and how to deploy Generator in a real-world work environment. The last section of the book covers advanced Flash topics, including creating and using custom Generator Objects, installing and running Generator with custom configurations, and other tools that deliver dynamic Flash content. The companion CD contains demos, tutorials and sample templates.
Wake on wireless: an event driven energy saving strategy for battery operated devices
Authors: Eugene Shih, Paramvir Bahl, Michael J. Sinclair
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (2002)

The demand for an all-in-one phone with integrated personal information management and data access capabilities is beginning to accelerate. While personal digital assistants (PDAs) with built-in cellular, WiFi, and Voice-Over-IP technologies have the ability to serve these needs in a single package, the rate at which energy is consumed by PDA-based phones is very high. Thus, these devices can quickly drain their own batteries and become useless to their owner.In this paper, we introduce a technique to increase the battery lifetime of a PDA-based phone by reducing its idle power, the power a device consumes in a "standby" state. To reduce the idle power, we essentially shut down the device and its wireless network card when the device is not being used---the device is powered only when an incoming call is received. Using this technique, we can increase the battery lifetime by up to 115%.In this paper, we describe the design of our "wake-on-wireless" energy-saving strategy and the prototype device we implemented. To evaluate our technique, we compare it with alternative approaches. Our results show that our technique can provide a significant lifetime improvement over other technologies.
PhotoShop 6 Visual Insight
Authors: Ramona Pruitt, Joshua Pruitt
Venue:  (2000)

:Photoshop&Acirc;&reg; 6 Visual Insight teaches the most useful techniques of the program and allows readers to polish those techniques with real-world projects. Readers get straight to work on learning Photoshop's unprecedented features like layers, masks, and paths; and intermediate functions such as Web graphics, filters, and actions are all visually discussed. Over 20 real world projects let readers apply their knowledge first hand by repairing images, eliminating red eye, creating type effects, developing Web elements, and more. Like all Visual Insight books, this book appeals to visual learners who need to see - rather than read - how to create something. Its unique format allows readers to see an effect in the book and then duplicate it on their screen. Unlike other small sized books, Photoshop&Acirc;&reg; 6 Visual Insight features a 16-page color section that illustrates color related tasks and demonstrates the effective use of filters.
A generic operator over discrete time intervals
Authors: Jérémie Blanc, Rachid Echahed
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Principles and practice of declarative programming (2002)

We define a new generic operator, ∇, which can be used within any programming language which allows one to define discrete time intervals. Let Τ<inf>0</inf>, ..., Τ<inf>n</inf> be the consecutive instants of an interval I, u a term and v<inf>Τ<inf>i</inf></inf> the value of u at instantΤ<inf>i</inf>. We define the expression ∇(O,e,I) u as the first-order term (...((e O v<inf>Τ0</inf>) O v<inf>Τ1</inf>) ... O v<inf>Τn</inf>). We integrate this operator into timed rewrite systems, illustrate it through several examples and provide an efficient operational semantics which we have implemented.
Quintessential Guide to PC Support
Authors: John Enck, Michael Otey, Robert Anderson, Michael Ryan
Venue:  (1993)

:If you link your AS/400 to PCs and PS/2s using PC Support, then this book is for you. The Quintessential Guide to PC Support cuts to the heart of the need-to-know information that helps you save time, money, and effort. It defines the architecture of PC Support and its role in midrange networks, describes installation and configuration procedures for PC Support, and shows how you can configure and use PC Support to solve real-life problems and implement client/server applications.
RAPID-Cache-A Reliable and Inexpensive Write Cache for High Performance Storage Systems
Authors: Yiming Hu, Tycho Nightingale, Qing Yang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2002)

Modern high performance disk systems make extensive use of nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) write caches. A single-copy NVRAM cache creates a single point of failure while a dual-copy NVRAM cache is very expensive because of the high cost of NVRAM. This paper presents a new cache architecture called RAPID-Cache for Redundant, Asymmetrically Parallel, and Inexpensive Disk Cache. A typical RAPID-Cache consists of two redundant write buffers on top of a disk system. One of the buffers is a primary cache made of RAM or NVRAM and the other is a backup cache containing a two-level hierarchy: a small NVRAM buffer on top of a log disk. The small NVRAM buffer combines small write data and writes them into the log disk in large sizes. By exploiting the locality property of I/O accesses and taking advantage of well-known Log-structured File Systems, the backup cache has nearly equivalent write performance as the primary RAM cache. The read performance of the backup cache is not as critical because normal read operations are performed through the primary RAM cache and reads from the backup cache happen only during error recovery periods. The RAPID-Cache presents an asymmetric architecture with a fast-write-fast-read RAM being a primary cache and a fast-write-slow-read NVRAM-disk hierarchy being a backup cache. The asymmetrically parallel architecture and an algorithm that separates actively accessed data from inactive data in the cache virtually eliminate the garbage collection overhead, which are the major problems associated with previous solutions such as Log-structured File Systems and Disk Caching Disk. The asymmetric cache allows cost-effective designs for very large write caches for high-end parallel disk systems that would otherwise have to use dual-copy, costly NVRAM caches. It also makes it possible to implement reliable write caching for low-end disk I/O systems since the RAPID-Cache makes use of inexpensive disks to perform reliable caching. Our analysis and trace-driven simulation results show that the RAPID-Cache has significant reliability/cost advantages over conventional single NVRAM write caches and has great cost advantages over dual-copy NVRAM caches. The RAPID-Cache architecture opens a new dimension for disk system designers to exercise trade-offs among performance, reliability, and cost.
Parallel Quantum Computation and Quantum Codes
Authors: Cristopher Moore, Martin Nilsson
Venue: SIAM Journal on Computing (2002)

We study the class QNC of efficient parallel quantum circuits, the quantum analog of NC. We exhibit several useful gadgets and prove that various classes of circuits can be parallelized to logarithmic depth, including circuits for encoding and decoding standard quantum error-correcting codes, or, more generally, any circuit consisting of controlled-not gates, controlled $\pi$-shifts, and Hadamard gates. Finally, while we note the exact quantum Fourier transform can be parallelized to linear depth, we conjecture that neither it nor a simpler "staircase" circuit can be parallelized to less than this.
Pokemon: Official Strategy Guide
Authors: Elizabeth Hollinger, James Ratkos
Venue:  (1998)

:Japan's Pocket Monsters have invaded America! You must find, capture, and tame these monsters to capture the title of champion Pokemon trainer. Prima's Official Strategy Guide to Pokemon will take you from the starter monsters through the role-playing, collecting, and trading frenzy that is Pokemon. Plus, both the RED and BLUE versions of the game are covered in one amazing book.
Ambiguities, awareness and economy: a study of emergency service work
Authors: Mårten Pettersson, Dave Randall, Bo Helgeson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (2002)

This paper derives from a study undertaken at an emergency service centre in Sweden. The studies have focused on features of work familiar to the CSCW community, including the documenting and analysing current work practices, understanding the properties of the technology in question, and perhaps most importantly how the technology functions in and through use. Our focus in this paper exemplifies these themes through the analysis of two cases. In the first, the issue in question is the way in which an emergency is identified and dealt with, it being the case that a typical problem to be dealt with by operators, and more commonly in the days of mobile telephony, is that of multiple reporting of a single case. Of particular interest here is listening-in, which is a function in the Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) system and by contrast that of 'overhearing', which is not. The second case focus on the relevance of wall maps, given the existence of computerized maps in these centres. Based on two cases from emergency service centres, we will show that the concept of awareness needs careful unpacking if we are to understand associated design issues.
Oracle8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory, 1st edition
Authors: Steve Adams
Venue:  (1999)

:This concise book contains detailed information about Oracle internals -- information that's not readily available to Oracle customers. It lays a foundation for advanced performance tuning of the Oracle database. Based on Oracle8i release 8.1, the book describes many of the secrets of Oracle's internal services: data structures, algorithms, and undocumented Oracle system statistics. Main topics include: * Waits - how Oracle processes communicate via semaphores, and how to use the Oracle wait statistics to identify the source of performance problems. * Latches - how they keep multiple processes from inspecting protected data structures at the same time, and how to examine and control latch behavior and statistics. * Locks - how they work with latches to protect data structures (locks allow multiple sessions to share resources in some cases), and how locks affect performance. There is also a detailed discussion of instance locks, which are used in parallel server environments. * Memory - how Oracle uses memory (e.g., the various elements of the System Global Area), and how Oracle dynamically allocates and manages memory. Oracle8i Internal Services is aimed especially at administrators and developers who need detailed internal information to do advanced performance tuning. The book will expand your repertoire of tuning solutions and troubleshooting techniques by explaining how you can use Oracle's hidden parameters and undocumented system statistics to best advantage. NOTE: The author has collected the scripts he has developed for tuning and analysis into a toolkit (known as APT, for Advanced Performance Tuning). These scripts access the Oracle X$ tables directly and provide information not otherwise available. The scripts are available to readers for free from the O'Reilly web site.
Generation of images of historical documents by composition
Authors: Carlos A.B. Mello, Rafael D. Lins
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Document engineering (2002)

This paper describes a system for efficient storage, indexing and network transmission of images of historical documents. The documents are first decomposed into their features such as paper texture, colours, typewritten parts, pictures, etc. Document retrieval forces the re-assembling of the document, synthetising an image visually close to the original document. The information needed to build the final image occupies, in average, 2 Kbytes performing a very efficient compression scheme.
Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft Excel 2000 in 10 Minutes, 1st edition
Authors: Jennifer Fulton
Venue:  (1999)

:Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft Excel 2000 covers the most common tasks and features used in Excel. You will save time by completing the 10-minute lessons on the most used features rather than weeding through pages and pages of reference material. The perfect down and dirty little tutorial to get up and running with Excel QUICKLY.
CCNA 2.0 640-507 Routing and Switching Cheat Sheet with Cdrom
Authors: Joe W. Habraken
Venue:  (2000)

:The outline of CCNA Cheat Sheet maps directly to the Cisco requirements for the routing and switching CCNA exam. This book provides sample questions that test your knowledge of the CCNA exam objectives using a question format similar to that used on the actual exam. This book provides questions and answers that simulate the actual testconsidered a necessity by the network professionals who want to "cram" for a test that will be an important milestone in their career.
Illustrator 8 for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickStart Guide, 5th edition
Authors: Elaine Weinmann, Peter Lourekas
Venue:  (1999)

:Adobe Illustrator is the industry standard in desktop illustration programs, but it can be intimidating to newcomers. It's a complex, powerful tool. Illustrator 8 for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickStart Guide is the ideal way for anyone to learn the newest version of the program. This step-by-step guide gives readers what they need to get right to work, without having to wander through menus or read a lot of text. The book is an instruction guide to the newest version of the top-selling Illustrator program, written by two experienced computer instructors. Like the authors' previous "Visual QuickStarts" covering the best-selling QuarkXPress and Photoshop, the Illustrator Visual QuickStart Guide's unique easy-to-use format is specifically tailored for the beginning to intermediate user: step-by-step instructions, hundreds of illustrations with detailed captions, and special tips to help users avoid potential problems. Elegant, original artwork created in Adobe Illustrator by the authors and their colleagues will both inspire and illuminate. Illustrator is used by over 1 million graphics and multimedia professionals. Concise and practical step-by-step lessons offer both a great introduction and a convenient reference. Comprehensive update of successful previous edition covers all the new features.
Optimal Controls of 3-Dimensional Navier--Stokes Equations with State Constraints
Authors: Gengsheng Wang
Venue: SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization (2002)

This work is concerned with the maximum principles for optimal control problems governed by 3-dimensional Navier--Stokes equations. Some types of state constraints (time variables) are considered.
Flesh and Machines: How Robots Will Change Us
Authors: Rodney Allen Brooks
Venue:  (2002)

:Flesh and Machines explores the startlingly reciprocal connection between humans and their technological brethren, and explains how this relationship is being redefined as humans develop increasingly complex machines. The impetus to build machines that exhibit lifelike behaviors stretches back centuries, but for the last fifteen years much of this work has been done in Rodney Brooks’s laboratory at MIT. His goal is not simply to build machines that are like humans but to alter our perception of the potential capabilities of robots. Our current attitude toward intelligent robots, he asserts, is simply a reflection of our own view of ourselves. In Flesh and Machines, Brooks challenges that view by suggesting that human nature can be seen to possess the essential characteristics of a machine. Our instinctive rejection of that idea, he believes, is itself a conditioned response: we have programmed ourselves to believe in our “tribal specialness” as proof of our uniqueness. Provocative, persuasive, compelling, and unprecedented, Flesh and Machines presents a vision of our future and our future selves.
Second Order Sufficient Conditions for Optimal Control Problems with Free Final Time: The Riccati Approach
Authors: Helmut Maurer, Hans Joachim Oberle
Venue: SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization (2002)

Second order sufficient conditions (SSC) for control problems with control-state constraints and free final time are presented. Instead of deriving such SSC from first principles, we transform the control problem with free final time into an augmented control problem with fixed final time for which well-known SSC exist. SSC are then expressed as a condition on the positive definiteness of the second variation. A convenient numerical tool for verifying this condition is based on the Riccati approach, where one has to find a bounded solution of an associated Riccati equation satisfying specific boundary conditions. The augmented Riccati equations for the augmented control problem are derived, and their modifications on the boundary of the control-state constraint are discussed. Two numerical examples, (1) the classical Earth-Mars orbit transfer in minimal time and (2) the Rayleigh problem in electrical engineering, demonstrate that the Riccati equation approach provides a viable numerical test of SSC.
Cognitive factors in distributed design
Authors: Sherman Y. T. Lang, John Dickinson, Ralph O. Buchal
Venue: Computers in Industry (2002)

Engineering design is being carried out by distributed design teams in an effort to use expert human resources more efficiently. The support needs of distributed design are reviewed from a cognitive viewpoint using five broad categories: design methodology, collaboration, teamwork, knowledge management and design representation. Web-based implementation of iterative, structured design methodologies allow greater accessibility to tools and methodologies and more consistent interfaces. Collaboration requires successful and efficient sharing of knowledge, negotiation, coordination and management of activities. In distributed environments, organizational factors and decisions that foster teamwork must be mediated by technology. Design intent, rationale and history are important basic types of knowledge that knowledge management systems are required to capture, organize and manipulate to help generate new design knowledge. Efficient methods of representing design artefacts in different forms are needed that allow designers to interact most efficiently as well as support knowledge capture, transformation and collaborative activities.
Approximation Algorithms for Curvature-Constrained Shortest Paths
Authors: Pankaj K. Agarwal, Hongyan Wang
Venue: SIAM Journal on Computing (2001)

Let $B$ be a point robot in the plane, whose path is constrained to have curvature of at most 1, and let $\Omega$ be a set of polygonal obstacles with n vertices. We study the collision-free, optimal path-planning problem for B. Given a parameter $\varepsilon$, we present an $O( (n^2/ \eps^4) \log n)$-time algorithm for computing a collision-free, curvature-constrained path between two given positions, whose length is at most $(1+\varepsilon)$ times the length of an optimal path, provided it is robust. (Roughly speaking, a path is robust if it remains collision-free even if certain positions on the path are perturbed). Our algorithm thus runs significantly faster than the previously best known algorithm by Jacobs and Canny whose running time is $O( (\frac{n+L}{\eps^2})^2 + n^2 (\frac{n+L}{\eps^2}) \log n)$, where L is the total edge length of the obstacles. More importantly, the running time of our algorithm does not depend on the size of obstacles. The path returned by this algorithm is not necessarily robust. We present an $O((n^{2.5}/ \eps^4) \log n)$-time algorithm that returns a robust path whose length is at most $(1+\varepsilon)$ times the length of an optimal path, provided it is robust. We also give a stronger characterization of curvature-constrained shortest paths, which, apart from being crucial for our algorithm, is interesting in its own right. Roughly speaking, we prove that, except in some special cases, a shortest path touches obstacles at points that have a visible vertex nearby.
Special Bilinear Quadrilateral Elements For Locally Refined Finite Element Grids
Authors: Weigang Wang
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2000)

A set of special bilinear quadrilateral elements are developed to handle irregular nodes on the interface between different refinement levels in 1-irregular meshes for the adaptive finite element method. With this alternative approach, irregular nodes are eliminated, and at the same time the C0 continuity at interelements is strictly ensured. The new elements simplify the refinement procedure and circumvent many inconveniences in local refinement with linear quadrilateral elements. Solutions to problems of a heat conduction, a reaction-diffusion, and incompressible and viscous flows past a circular cylinder are respectively presented to test the effectiveness of special elements. They demonstrate good accuracy and a potential applicability to more complex problems.