ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Memory modeling and design for high throughput computing
Authors: Timothy Sherwood
Venue:  (2008)

Designing memory systems for high-throughput computing has always been a challenging task one that is getting even harder with increasing bandwidth requirements and increasing application complexity. Simply relying on traditional memories alone is not likely to be scalable or cost effective. While Ternary CAM (TCAM) provides high throughput with very simple worst-case analysis, it can consume large amount of power. On the other hand, SRAM requires very careful worst-case analysis and is limited in overall bandwidth, limited by on-chip capacity, and is not immune from power consumption issues either. DRAMs can deliver a great deal of throughput, but the problem is that memory banking significantly complicates the worst-case analysis, and specialized algorithms are needed to ensure that specific types of access patterns are conflict free. In this thesis, we propose novel design methods that cut across the traditional boundaries of circuits, architecture, and algorithms that when applied to traditional memories address the following problems: (1) Early design estimation for on-chip SRAM (2) Power management in TCAM, (3) Bank conflicts in DRAM, and (4) Bandwidth and capacity limitations in on-chip SRAM. First, to perform an early design estimation for on-chip memories, we build our model using the characterization of almost 60 real memory designs from the past 15 years. Our model, along with the presented methodology, can be used to calibrate even more detailed memory models for better accuracy. Second, researchers at all levels of design (from algorithms to circuits) have begun to explore new ways to manage the power consumption in TCAM. However, quantifying design alternatives is difficult due to a lack of available models. Therefore, we present a simple, yet accurate, power and delay model by examining the internal structure of TCAM. Such a model is a critical first step in bridging the intellectual divide between circuit-level and algorithm-level optimizations. Third, to attack the problems of bank conflicts in DRAM, we present a virtually-pipelined memory, an architectural technique that efficiently supports high-bandwidth, uniform latency memory accesses, and high throughput even under adversarial conditions. We present a mathematical argument for our system's ability to provably provide bandwidth with high confidence. Finally, to provide high-bandwidth on-chip memory, we extend the technique of virtual pipelining to be applicable for on-chip DRAM, which can then replace the traditional role of fast SRAM in network algorithm design. By solving all these challenges, we enable practical memory design options for both on-chip and off-chip memory in the domain of high throughput computing.
Implicit Sleep Mode Determination in Power Management of Event-Driven Deeply Embedded Systems
Authors: André Sieber, Karsten Walther, Stefan Nürnberger, Jörg Nolte
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Wired/Wireless Internet Communications (2009)

Energy consumption is a crucial factor for the lifetime of many embedded systems, especially wireless sensor networks. Most modern microcontrollers provide various low power sleep modes. Utilizing them can lead to great energy savings. In this paper we present an approach for power management in embedded systems, based on the event-driven operating system Reflex. The implicit power management is mostly hardware independent, lightweight and efficiently chooses the optimal power saving mode of the microprocessor automatically.
Bug labs: hacks and apps
Authors: Alicia Gibb
Venue: Linux Journal (2009)

Some buggy ideas for the BUG. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Measurement Analysis and Fault Proneness Indication in Product Line Applications (PLA)
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmed
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques: Proceedings of the sixth SoMeT_07 (2007)

In this paper we propose an approach to handle the additional level complexity and indicate the rate of increase or decrease of fault proneness in software product line applications. The proposed approach is based on measurement analysis and consisting of three main components.i.e., Analysis, Measurement and Visualisation to dynamically analyse the internal preprocessed source code characteristics, calculate metrics and visualise results in two dimensional diagrams.i.e., graphs, bar chart and tree maps. To evaluate the effectiveness of proposed approach we first implemented it in a real time software application and then performed experimentation using some real time data sets. Narrowing the scope of our research, we only focus on analysing software product line applications developed in C++ programming language.
Superresolution algorithms for spatial extended scattering centers
Authors: Felix Totir, Emanuel Radoi
Venue: Digital Signal Processing (2009)

Scattering centers model (SCM) is usually considered for modeling target backscattered signal in high-resolution radar. In this case the impulse response of each scattering center is represented by a time-delayed Dirac pulse. Some of most popular superresolution imagery techniques, such as MUSIC or ESPRIT, are well-matched to this model. Under this hypothesis, they outperform Fourier-based techniques in terms of both spatial and dynamic resolutions. However, the behavior of real-world targets is often very different from that of the SCM. Indeed, their reflectivity function is not confined just to several perfectly localized scattering centers, but it can be rather approximated by a set of scattering regions having different spatial extent. SCM becomes then inappropriate and the superresolution methods may provide unexpected results. Furthermore, the amplitude information is difficult to interpret in this case. In this paper we propose an extension of two superresolution methods, MUSIC and ESPRIT, to cope with extended scattering centers (ESC). According to this model, the impulse response of an ESC is not a Dirac pulse, but a window of finite support. Besides the position, the size (spatial extent) of this window is also recovered. This additional information about the target structure can be used for increasing ATR (automatic target recognition) accuracy and robustness.
Artificial vision to assure coffee-Excelso beans quality
Authors: Eduardo Carrillo, Alexander Aristizábal Peñaloza
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems: New Opportunities to increase Digital Citizenship (2009)

This paper studies the possibility of classifying coffee beans by using their features of color, shape and size. The process of acquiring the images were done in controlled lighting conditions. Based on segmented images, color, shape and size provide information about the physical alteration in green coffee beans, during the growing and drying process that affect the flavor and taste of the drink by Developing a computer program to sort coffee beans by types In the case of color images are analyzed in RGB space, which were preprocessor in order to reduce noise and separate from the background and enhance its features. The location was used for an algorithm for identifying and setting contours ellipse, an algorithm Mahalanobis distance classifier, an algorithm called Flood of growth, for the segmentation of those defective grains. The emergence of methods that take advantage of technological advances is an option whose benefits encourage the study of new possibilities. The classification of coffee beans throughout the analysis of images is a very promising because it is a minimally invasive method and the exposure of the grains are not visible to look deteriorates significantly. Many farmers sort their coffee beans by hand but only a few thousand dollars invested in a automatic sorting optical machine such us Sortex or Xeltron. In this paper we develop algorithms based on image processing techniques for the classification of defective beans
A study of DLA(dynamic level adjustment) for e-learning 2.0
Authors: Yangwon Lim, Hankyu Lim
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Automation & information (2009)

As Web technology and functions have recently changed to a user-focused paradigm, new studies are being conducted to construct dynamic learning content that enables the learner's participation and continuous learning in the field of e-learning research and design. This thesis covers a study on the degree of difficulty in learner-focused dynamic learning contents to provide efficient learning environments for its adaptation to e-learning 2.0. This study suggests DLA (Dynamic Level Adjustment) to provide learner-focused contents. The suggested system will be a guideline to control and adopt learning content that can be easily applied to the environmental change, and more in-depth future research can be performed by using the system. A dynamic learning content model was made to recognize various learning patterns of learners as a result of the performance evaluation.
Recommender System Technologies based on Argumentation 1
Authors: Carlos Iván Ches òevar, Ana Gabriela Maguitman, Ricardo Simari Guillermo
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Emerging Artificial Intelligence Applications in Computer Engineering: Real Word AI Systems with Applications in eHealth, HCI, Information Retrieval and Pervasive Technologies (2007)

In recent years there has been a wide-spread evolution of support tools that help users to accomplish a range of computer-mediated tasks. In this context, recommender systems have emerged as powerful user-support tools which provide assistance to users by facilitating access to relevant items. Nevertheless, recommender system technologies suffer from a number of limitations, mainly due to the lack of underlying elements for performing qualitative reasoning appropriately. Over the last few years, argumentation has been gaining increasing importance in several AI-related areas, mainly as a vehicle for facilitating rationally justifiable decision making when handling incomplete and potentially inconsistent information. In this setting, recommender systems can rely on argumentation techniques by providing reasoned guidelines or hints supported by a rationally justified procedure. This chapter presents a generic argument-based approach to characterize recommender system technologies, in which knowledge representation and inference are captured in terms of Defeasible Logic Programming, a general-purpose defeasible argumentation formalism based on logic programming. As a particular instance of our approach we analyze an argument-based search engine called ARGUENET, an application oriented towards providing recommendations on the web scenario.
An Algebraic Language for Distributed Quantum Computing
Authors: Mingsheng Ying, Yuan Feng
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2009)

A classical circuit can be represented by a circuit graph or equivalently by a Boolean expression. The advantage of a circuit graph is that it can help us to obtain an intuitive understanding of the circuit under consideration, whereas the advantage of a Boolean expression is that it is suited to various algebraic manipulations. In the literature, however, quantum circuits are mainly drawn as circuit graphs, and a formal language for quantum circuits that has a function similar to that of Boolean expressions for classical circuits is still missing. Certainly, quantum circuit graphs will become unmanageable when complicated quantum computing problems are encountered, and in particular, when they have to be solved by employing the distributed paradigm where complex quantum communication networks are involved. In this paper, we design an algebraic language for formally specifying quantum circuits in distributed quantum computing. Using this language, quantum circuits can be represented in a convenient and compact way, similar to the way in which we use Boolean expressions in dealing with classical circuits. Moreover, some fundamental algebraic laws for quantum circuits expressed in this language are established. These laws form a basis of rigorously reasoning about distributed quantum computing and quantum communication protocols.
A whole-arm tactile display system
Authors: Riichiro Tadakuma, Robert D. Howe
Venue: Proceedings of the World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2009)

This work presents a new tactile display device for relaying contact information to locations along the human arm. The system is intended to facilitate teleoperation of whole-arm manipulation tasks, such remotely controlling a humanoid robot to grasp and lift large objects. The system consists of a set of five tactors, each a foam-covered paddle 42 times 48 mm. These tactors are brought into contact with the skin of the user's arm by small DC motors under computer control. The tactors are mounted on frames which are readily mounted to the upper and lower arm using Velcro straps. User tests demonstrate that the system can effectively convey contact information to the user. The benefits of this haptic display modality are evaluated in comparison with degraded visual information to estimate the resolution limits of the system.
A wearable skin stretch device for haptic feedback
Authors: Karlin Bark, Jason Wheeler, Gayle Lee, Joan Savall, Mark Cutkosky
Venue: Proceedings of the World Haptics 2009 - Third Joint EuroHaptics conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2009)

We describe a wearable haptic feedback device that imparts rotational skin stretch to provide feedback regarding movement of a virtual object. Applications for this device include feedback of motion for physical therapy or rehabilitation exercises or proprioceptive feedback for amputees. The device uses a small piezoelectric motor for a combination of low weight, moderate torques and rotation without vibrations that could interfere with the sensation of stretch. We present the results of experiments to determine the accuracy with which subjects can use feedback from the device to control the orientation of a virtual object. Most subjects were able to position the device within several degrees. In a second test, subjects were asked to identify randomly applied levels of skin stretch while they remained passive. In this case, the accuracy was poorer and subjects occasionally confused positive and negative rotations. Tests were also conducted to evaluate the effect of rotational compliance at the end effector, added to improve comfort at large displacements.
Making routers last longer with ViAggre
Authors: Hitesh Ballani, Paul Francis, Tuan Cao, Jia Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation (2009)

This paper presents ViAggre (Virtual Aggregation), a "configuration-only" approach to shrinking the routing table on routers. ViAggre does not require any changes to router software and routing protocols and can be deployed independently and autonomously by any ISP. ViAggre is effectively a scalability technique that allows an ISP to modify its internal routing such that individual routers in the ISP's network only maintain a part of the global routing table. We evaluate the application of ViAggre to a few tier- 1 and tier-2 ISPs and show that it can reduce the routing table on routers by an order of magnitude while imposing almost no traffic stretch and negligible load increase across the routers. We also deploy Virtual Aggregation on a testbed comprising of Cisco routers and benchmark this deployment. Finally, to understand and address concerns regarding the configuration overhead that our proposal entails, we implement a configuration tool that automates ViAggre configuration. While it remains to be seen whether most, if not all, of the management concerns can be eliminated through such automated tools, we believe that the simplicity of the proposal and its possible short-term impact on routing scalability suggest that it is an alternative worth considering.
Detection of unexpected multi-part objects from segmented contour maps
Authors: R. Bergevin, J. -F. Bernier
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2009)

A novel method is proposed to detect multi-part objects of unknown specific shape and appearance in natural images. It consists in first extracting a strictly over-segmented map of circular arcs and straight-line segments from an edge map. Each obtained constant-curvature contour primitive has an unknown origin which may be the external boundary of an interesting object, the textured or marked region enclosed by that boundary, or the external background region. The following processing steps identify, in a systematic yet efficient way, which groups of ordered contour primitives form a complete boundary of proper multi-part shape. Multiple detections are ranked with the top boundaries best satisfying a combination of global shape grouping criteria. Experimental results confirm the unique potential of the method to identify, in images of variable complexity, actual boundaries of multi-part objects as diverse as an airplane, a stool, a bicycle, a fish, and a toy truck.
SMARTConsultant: Asking the Right Questions
Authors: Elizabeth A. Kemp, Hiba Mustafa, David I. Gray, Raymond H. Kemp
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Towards Sustainable and Scalable Educational Innovations Informed by the Learning Sciences: Sharing Good Practices of Research, Experimentation and Innovation (2005)

It can be difficult for practitioners to solve problems and make decisions under time constraints. A computer-based teaching system to help make novices become more expert has been conceptualised and a prototype developed for the domain of farm management consultancy. The prototype (SMARTConsultant) is concerned with developing the question asking skills of students to enable them to carry out situation assessment and diagnosis. SMARTConsultant incorporates support for metacognitive activities and scaffolding. The system is generic enough to allow the possibility of its evaluation as a metacognitive shell that can be applied to other domains.
Reliable ALE middleware for RFID network applications
Authors: Nong-Kun Chen, Jiann-Liang Chen, Teng-Hsun Chang, Hsi-Feng Lu
Venue: International Journal of Network Management (2009)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology adopts the air interface to deliver the information required for object identification. The RFID system is convenient to manage and operate, and is widely encouraged by the large-scale chain industry. Additionally, electronic product code (EPC) network technology allows immediate, automatic identification and sharing of information on items in the supply chain. This work proposes an RFID service middleware with a highly reliable and efficient application-level event (ALE)-based prototype mechanism according to EPCglobal. A Student Muster Roll (SMR) application test bed is implemented in the proposed ALE-based scheme. The SMR system can be employed to manage the absentee records of students in a class, and can manage and control several operation multi-reader devices simultaneously. The proposed scheme can filter attendance accurately, eliminating the possibility of reduplication in student records. Performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed novel scheme is much more efficient and reliable than a naive ALE scheme.
Exploring Microsoft Publisher 2007 Brief
Authors: Robert T. Grauer, Cindy Stevens
Venue:  (2007)

The goal of the Exploring series has been to move students beyond the point and click, helping them understand the why and how behind each skill. Publication templates, layouts, typography, publication designs, layering concepts, business forms, online publishing, including personal information components, and customizing web pages. MARKETS: For business professionals who work with Microsoft Publisher 2007.
The average number of block interchanges needed to sort a permutation and a recent result of Stanley
Authors: Miklós Bóna, Ryan Flynn
Venue: Information Processing Letters (2009)

We use an interesting recent result of probabilistic flavor concerning the product of two permutations consisting of one cycle each to find an explicit formula for the average number of block interchanges needed to sort a permutation of length n.
Numerical Weather Prediction on the Supercomputer Toolkit
Authors: Pinhas Alpert, Alexander Goikhman, Jacob Katzenelson, Marina Tsidulko
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on High Performance Computing (2009)

The Supercomputer Toolkit constructs parallel computation networks by connecting processor modules. These connections are set by the user prior to a run and are static during the run. The Technion's Toolkit prototype was used to run a simplified version of the PSU/NCAR MM5 mesoscale model [9]. Each processor is assigned columns of the grid points of a square in the (x,y) space. When n x n columns are assigned to each processor its computation time is proportional to n 2 and its communication time to n. Since the Toolkit's network computes in parallel and communicates in parallel, then, for a given n, the total time is independent of the size of the two dimensional array or the area over which the weather prediction takes place. A mesoscale forecast over the eastern Mediterranean was run and measured; it suggests that were the Toolkit constructed from ALPHA processors, 10 processors would do a 36 h prediction in only about 13 minutes. A 36 hours prediction with full physics for the whole earth will require 2 hours for 80 ALPHA processors.
An ITS that provides positive feedback for Beginning Violin Students
Authors: Orla Lahart
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology (2005)

Feedback is highly important within any learning environment. Providing feedback in a manner which enhances, rather than damages students self-esteem is an important skill that is seldom taught. The art of good feedback is highly complex and this complexity is further heightened when the domain is music. Beginning violin students are faced with a steep learning curve due to the complex nature of the instrument and they may find it difficult to believe that mastery of the instrument is possible. Shinichi Suzuki believed that talent is a product of environment rather than heredity and therefore mastery is possible. The research proposed in this paper involves the development of an Intelligent Tutoring System that provides an individualised positive learning environment for beginning violin students practicing at home. The pedagogical framework that informs the system is the Suzuki method as it is based on the premise that through positive feedback students can reach their potential.