ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
McPAD: A multiple classifier system for accurate payload-based anomaly detection
Authors: Roberto Perdisci, Davide Ariu, Prahlad Fogla, Giorgio Giacinto, Wenke Lee
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2009)

Anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (IDS) are valuable tools for the defense-in-depth of computer networks. Unsupervised or unlabeled learning approaches for network anomaly detection have been recently proposed. Such anomaly-based network IDS are able to detect (unknown) zero-day attacks, although much care has to be dedicated to controlling the amount of false positives generated by the detection system. As a matter of fact, it is has been shown that the false positive rate is the true limiting factor for the performance of IDS, and that in order to substantially increase the Bayesian detection rate, P(Intrusion|Alarm), the IDS must have a very low false positive rate (e.g., as low as 10^-^5 or even lower). In this paper we present McPAD (multiple classifier payload-based anomaly detector), a new accurate payload-based anomaly detection system that consists of an ensemble of one-class classifiers. We show that our anomaly detector is very accurate in detecting network attacks that bear some form of shell-code in the malicious payload. This holds true even in the case of polymorphic attacks and for very low false positive rates. Furthermore, we experiment with advanced polymorphic blending attacks and we show that in some cases even in the presence of such sophisticated attacks and for a low false positive rate our IDS still has a relatively high detection rate.
Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme with Independent MCS Level Selection in MIMO Systems
Authors: Kwangwook Choi, Cheolwoo You, Intae Hwang, Sangjin Ryoo, Kyunghwan Lee, Taejin Jung, Cheolsung Kim
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

In this paper, we propose a system that adopts the independent MCS (modulation and coding scheme) level for each layer in the AMC (adaptive modulation and coding) scheme combined with the V-BLAST (vertical Bell lab layered space time) system. From the simulation results, we observe that since the independent MCS level case adapts modulation and coding rate for maximum throughput to each channel condition in separate layers, the combined AMC-V-BLAST system with the independent MCS level selection results in improved throughput compared to the combined AMC-V-BLAST system with the common MCS level selection and the conventional AMC system based on the 1x EV-DO standard. Especially, the combined AMC-V-BLAST system with the independent MCS level achieves a gain of 700 kbps in 7–9 dB SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) range.
Plywood punk: a holistic approach to designing animated artifacts
Authors: Peter Schmitt, Susanne Seitinger
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction (2009)

Animated artifacts require many different electronic and mechanical components as well as appropriate drive software. This complexity has led to a kit-of-parts thinking in designing robotic assemblies. For example, Dynamixel or Lego Mindstorms provide designers, enthusiasts and children standard components from which they can assemble a multitude of creations. Despite the open-endedness of these kits, the most basic component parts such as servos present a designer with a set of constraints such as form that she cannot control. The underlying logic for these factors derives from mass-production rather than specific design requirements. The resulting black box becomes a factor around which design is created rather than an integral part of the completed artifact. In this paper, we explore the benefits of designing animated artifacts holistically. As an example, we compare the re-design of a servo in plywood and electronic components with a typical RC servo. This juxtaposition demonstrates how form-factors, materials and materiality, tactile and visual qualities and the performative aspects of a design can be reintroduced into design thinking for animated artifacts. From the example, we distill four guidelines for a design approach: (1) iterate, (2) explore material properties, (3) engage the performative aspects of the artifact, (4) cross disciplinary boundaries.
Innovation in E-government: Analysis of municipal web pages in the Nordic countries
Authors: Harald Baldersheim, Morten Øgård
Venue: Information Polity (2008)

The article seeks to test propositions about innovation in e-government inspired by innovation theory. The tests are carried out on data from a survey of municipal web pages in the four Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The research question is concerned with explaining variations among Nordic municipalities as to the features of their respective web pages. A model of innovation is developed, aiming at capturing typical features of local government as a setting for innovations in e-governance. Web pages were analyzed according to their information and communication features. Sources of innovation investigated include motivating, enabling and predisposing factors. All of these sources are important for innovation; one of the enabling factors stood out most of all - national context. Surprisingly though, it was the Danish context that explained the most of the variance, not the Finnish setting, as expected. The last part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the factors that may account for the Danish preeminence in this respect.
Preparation and characterization of BaTiO3 powders and ceramics by sol-gel process using hexanoic and hexanedioic acid as surfactant
Authors: Bin Cui, Pengfei Yu, Xue Wang
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2009)

The BaTiO"3 xerogels, powders and ceramics were prepared through the sol-gel process using hexanedioic acid as surfactant. The xerogels, powders and ceramics were characterized by methods of thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The dielectric properties of the ceramics were also measured. The results indicated that the powders calcined at 900^oC for 2h were pure BaTiO"3 phase partly consisted of the tetrahedron BaTiO"3. The powders were nanometer scale particles. After sintering, the ceramics mainly consisted of the tetrahedron BaTiO"3 phase. Compared with the powders prepared using hexanoic acid as surfactant, the particle size of the powders prepared using hexanedioic acid obviously increased, and as well as the grain size, the relative density and the whole permittivity of the ceramics increased. Furthermore, the forming process of the powders with better dispersibility and the influence of the carboxyl number on the particle size of the powders can be explained using the ''organic acid micro-capsules'' model. Relatively, the ceramic prepared using hexanedioic acid as the surfactant had higher relative density (96.6%), room temperature permittivity (3089) and lower dielectric loss (0.015).
Smallest Enclosing Circle Based Localization Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Quan Zhou, Xiaowei Li, Yongjun Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02 (2009)

A novel range-free localization approach, Smallest Enclosing Circle based Localization (SECL), has been proposed. This approach uses the center of smallest enclosing circle of neighboring anchor nodes to estimate the position of target. Comparing to Centroid, SECL considers the geometrical coverage of anchors rather than the mass center of them. Consequently, SECL is robust to imperfect topology, especially when the topology of anchors is depolyed unevenly. Simulation results show that SECL outperforms Centroid by an average of 10%, and even better when the topology is not uniform.
Resource scheduling with conflicting objectives in grid environments: Model and evaluation
Authors: Li Chunlin, Zhong Jin Xiu, Li Layuan
Venue: Journal of Network and Computer Applications (2009)

The paper is to consider resource scheduling with conflicting objectives in the grid environment. The objectives of the grid users, the grid resources and the grid system clash with each other. Grid users want to access enough system resources to achieve the desired level of quality of service (QoS). Resource providers pay more attention to the performance of their resources. Our resource scheduling employs market strategies to determine which jobs are executed at what time on which resources and at what prices. A grid resource provider uses its utility function to maximize its profit and a grid user uses its utility function to complete tasks while minimizing its spending. The paper proposes grid system objective optimization scheduling that provides a joint optimization of objectives for both the resource provider and grid user, which combines the benefits of both resource provider objective optimization and user objective optimization. Experiments are designed to study the performances of three resource-scheduling optimization algorithms. Performance metrics are classified into efficiency metrics, utility metrics and time metrics.
Exploring the extension of item response theory models to the economic and social measurement
Authors: Raileanu Szeles Monica
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Computers (2008)

This paper has a methodological focus and is aimed at exploring the advantages of using the Item Response Theory (IRT) models in the measurement of financial strain. Basically, the IRT models allow deriving a latent measure and a scale from a set of dichotomous or polytomous items. Although IRT is a traditional technique of educational and psychological measurement, it can be also used as an econometric model in the measurement of economic and social constructs. In this paper, the one and the two parameter- IRT models are compared with the sum-score approach and the multivariate probit regression, as to point out different methodological aspects, applied to the Luxembourg socioeconomic panel (PSELL-3). The paper also examines the software used in the IRT analysis.
Technological regimes in m-commerce: Convergence as a barrier to diffusion and entrepreneurship?
Authors: Helge Godoe, Tor Borgar Hansen
Venue: Telecommunications Policy (2009)

During the dotcom-period, a commonly shared belief was that m-commerce and m-payment would become just as successful as GSM and SMS. Although the ICT industry has successfully recovered from the dotcom crisis, m-commerce has still not had much success: why has the diffusion of m-commerce and m-payment been so slow, almost absent in Europe and USA? The article suggests that the obstacles accounting for this are plausibly systemic and related to factors that hinder the establishment of a new technological regime for m-commerce. Diffusion of m-commerce will require convergence of numerous disparate and competing elements and systems that at present belong to, or are controlled by, different sectors. The article presents a case study of a dotcom firm fictitiously entitled PinkFish in order to demonstrate these factors. By embracing a strategy of convergence based on symbiosis and co-operation, m-commerce may enter a rapid diffusion process in the future.
Likelihood ratio order of the second order statistic from independent heterogeneous exponential random variables
Authors: Peng Zhao, Xiaohu Li, N. Balakrishnan
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2009)

Let X"1,...,X"n be independent exponential random variables with respective hazard rates @l"1,...,@l"n, and let Y"1,...,Y"n be independent exponential random variables with common hazard rate @l. This paper proves that X"2":"n, the second order statistic of X"1,...,X"n, is larger than Y"2":"n, the second order statistic of Y"1,...,Y"n, in terms of the likelihood ratio order if and only if @l>=12n-1(2@L"1+@L"3-@L"1@L"2@L"1^2-@L"2) with @L"k=@?"i"="1^n@l"i^k,k=1,2,3. Also, it is shown that X"2":"n is smaller than Y"2":"n in terms of the likelihood ratio order if and only if @l@?@?i=1n@l"i-max1@?i@?n@l"in-1. These results form nice extensions of those on the hazard rate order in Pa@?lta@?nea [E. Pa@?lta@?nea, On the comparison in hazard rate ordering of fail-safe systems, Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 138 (2008) 1993-1997].
Declarative Programming of User Interfaces
Authors: Michael Hanus, Christof Kluß
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages (2009)

This paper proposes a declarative description of user interfaces that abstracts from low-level implementation details. In particular, the user interfaces specified in our framework are executable as graphical user interfaces for desktop applications as well as web user interfaces via standard web browsers. Thus, our approach combines the advantages of existing user interface technologies in a flexible way without demands on the programmer's side. We sketch an implementation of this concept in the declarative multi-paradigm programming language Curry and show how the integrated functional and logic features of Curry are exploited to enable a high-level implementation of this concept.
Delay analysis of GTS bridging between IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 networks for healthcare applications
Authors: Jelena Mišic, Xuemin Shen
Venue: International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications (2009)

We consider interconnection of IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled network cluster with IEEE 802.11b network. This scenario is important in healthcare applications where IEEE 802.15.4 nodes comprise patient's body area network (BAN) and are involved in sensing some health-related data. BAN nodes have very short communication range in order to avoid harming patient's health and save energy. Sensed data needs to be transmitted to an access point in the ward room using wireless technology with higher transmission range and rate such as IEEE 802.11b. We model the interconnected network where IEEE 802.15.4-based BAN operates in guaranteed time slot (GTS) mode, and IEEE 802.11b part of the bridge conveys GTS superframe to the 802.11b access point. We then analyze the network delays. Performance analysis is performed using EKG traffic from continuous telemetry, and we discuss the delays of communication due the increasing number of patients.
Linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of novel flat shell elements with rotational degrees of freedom
Authors: Lan Kang, Qilin Zhang, Zhongquan Wang
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2009)

Based on Kirchhoff assumptions and generalized conforming theory, new 4-node quadrilateral flat shell element and 3-node triangular flat shell element are presented. They have vertical rotational degrees of freedom, and translation displacement field and rotation displacement field are mutually independent. Furthermore, the tangent stiffness matrix is constructed for the element using Update Lagrange formulation. The numerical examples have demonstrated that the present elements have good performance for linear and geometrically nonlinear shell/plate problems, and result in easy assembling beam element and shell element. At the same time, a feasible and versatile method with characteristic matrix of nodal displacements, characteristic matrix of generalized displacements and transfer matrix is proposed during deductive procedure.
Unified WiMAX network design with service optimization
Authors: V. Teterin, S. Hurley, S. M. Allen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems (2008)

This paper presents an automated framework for the operational planning of WiMax networks. The framework consists of a cell planning (network design) algorithm which selects and fully configures base station sites, together with an automatic frequency planning algorithm for assigning subchannels in an OFDMA scheme. Results are presented which indicate that it is preferable to include the frequency planning directly in the cell planning process rather design the network and subsequently assign subchannels.
A Machine Learning Method for Dynamic Traffic Control and Guidance on Freeway Networks
Authors: Kaige Wen, Shiru Qu, Yumei Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (2009)

A distributed approach to Reinforcement Learning in tasks of ramp metering and dynamic route guidance is presented. The problem domain, a freeway integration control application, is formulated as a distributed reinforcement learning problem. The DRL approach was implemented via a multi-agent control architecture where the decision agent was assigned to each of the on-ramp or VMS. The return of each agent is simultaneously updating a single shared policy. The control strategy’s efficiency is demonstrated through its application to the simple freeway network. Analyses of simulation results using this approach show significant improvement over traditional local control, especially for the case of large traffic demand. Using the DRL approach, the TTS of the Network has been reduced by 20% under the heavy demands.
Knowledge and intelligent computing system in medicine
Authors: Babita Pandey, R. B. Mishra
Venue: Computers in Biology and Medicine (2009)

Knowledge-based systems (KBS) and intelligent computing systems have been used in the medical planning, diagnosis and treatment. The KBS consists of rule-based reasoning (RBR), case-based reasoning (CBR) and model-based reasoning (MBR) whereas intelligent computing method (ICM) encompasses genetic algorithm (GA), artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL) and others. The combination of methods in KBS such as CBR-RBR, CBR-MBR and RBR-CBR-MBR and the combination of methods in ICM is ANN-GA, fuzzy-ANN, fuzzy-GA and fuzzy-ANN-GA. The combination of methods from KBS to ICM is RBR-ANN, CBR-ANN, RBR-CBR-ANN, fuzzy-RBR, fuzzy-CBR and fuzzy-CBR-ANN. In this paper, we have made a study of different singular and combined methods (185 in number) applicable to medical domain from mid 1970s to 2008. The study is presented in tabular form, showing the methods and its salient features, processes and application areas in medical domain (diagnosis, treatment and planning). It is observed that most of the methods are used in medical diagnosis very few are used for planning and moderate number in treatment. The study and its presentation in this context would be helpful for novice researchers in the area of medical expert system.
Quantifying suppliers' product quality and delivery performance: A sourcing policy decision model
Authors: Hojung Shin, W. C. Benton, Minjoon Jun
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2009)

This paper provides buying firms with a useful sourcing policy decision tool to help them determine an optimum set of suppliers when a number of sourcing alternatives exist. We propose a probabilistic cost model in which suppliers' quality performance is measured by inconformity of the end product measurements and delivery performance is estimated based on the suppliers' expected delivery earliness and tardiness. The model is then empirically tested, utilizing the parameters obtained from one US mechanical component manufacturing company. The results from the case analysis indicate that single sourcing could be a cost effective policy but is not a panacea when the buying firm pursues product quality and delivery excellence. A prerequisite condition for the success of single sourcing practices is a low incoming quality variation within a group of single-source suppliers.
The ActionScript 3.0 Quick Reference Guide: For Developers and Designers Using Flash CS4 Professional (Adobe Developer Library), 1 edition
Authors: David Stiller, Rich Shupe, Jen deHaan, Darren Richardson
Venue:  (2008)

"No matter what your background, the pages that follow will provide you with some excellent knowledge, insight, and even a little bit of wisdom in the realm of Flash and ActionScript. Happy learning!" -- Branden Hall, from the Foreword Written by Flash insiders with extensive knowledge of the technology, this guide is designed specifically to help Flash designers and developers make the leap from ActionScript 2.0 to the new object-oriented ActionScript 3.0 quickly and painlessly. Formatted so you can find any topic easily, ActionScript 3.0 Quick Reference Guide explains: Object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts, such as packages and classes ActionScript 3.0 features and player enhancements that improve performance Workflow differences between ActionScript 2.0 and ActionScript 3.0 including tools, code editing, component sets, and image and font rendering Where did it go? A guide to help you find familiar features in ActionScript 3.0, such as global functions, operators, properties, and statements How do I? Step-by-step solutions for performing tasks with ActionScript 3.0, including input, sound, video, display, events, text, and more Also included are overviews of Flash and ActionScript features and workflows. ActionScript 3.0 is a huge upgrade to Flash's programming language -- and this guide helps you upgrade your skills to match it.
Error Corrected Rectangulation Method for Location Determination of Mobile in GSM Network
Authors: Muhammad Imran Razzak, Fazl-e-Hadi, M. A. Ansari
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 The Second International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Technologies (2008)

Location determination in GSM network is the major challenging issue due to the several complexities on both software and hardware side. The location of mobile node is always an important issue in GSM network because location based services to facilitate the user is gaining popularity in public. An Error Corrected Rectangulation Method based on intensity (ECRMI) is proposed that estimate the location of the mobile using the similar idea as DGPS.
Image-Feature Based Human Identification Protocols on Limited Display Devices
Authors: Hassan Jameel, Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, Le Xuan Hung, Yuan Wei Wei, Syed Muhammad Raazi, Ngo Trong Canh, Sungyoung Lee, Heejo Lee, Yuseung Son, Miguel Fernandes
Venue: Information Security Applications: 9th International Workshop, WISA 2008, Jeju Island, Korea, September 23-25, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

We present variations and modifications of the image-feature based human identification protocol proposed by Jameel et al with application to user authentication on mobile devices with limited display capabilities. The protocols introduced are essentially reduced versions of the original protocol with a minor tradeoff between security and usability. However, the proposed protocols are not aimed for computation and memory restrained devices. A brief user survey highlights the usability. By employing realistic assumptions pertaining to mobile devices, we show that the protocols are secure under the conjectured difficulty of extracting the secret feature from the observation of images and their binary answers. The adversary considered is strictly passive.
All-optical PPLN-based tunable NRZ-to-RZ and NRZ-DPSK-to-RZ-DPSK format conversions
Authors: Jian Wang, Junqiang Sun, Qizhen Sun, Deming Liu, Hairong Liu, Xinliang Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (2008)

We experimentally demonstrate 20 Gbit/s all-optical tunable format conversion from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-to-zero (RZ) based on cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference-frequency generation (cSHG/DFG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. Moreover, PPLN-based 40 Gbit/s all-optical format conversion from non-return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) to return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) is also theoretically investigated by using cascaded second-order nonlinearities including cSHG/DFG and cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation (cSFG/DFG).