ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional tactons for non-visual information presentation in mobile devices
Authors: Lorna M. Brown, Stephen A. Brewster, Helen C. Purchase
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

Tactons are structured vibrotactile messages which can be used for non-visual information presentation when visual displays are limited, unavailable or inappropriate, such as in mobile phones and other mobile devices. Little is yet known about how to design them effectively. Previous studies have investigated the perception of Tactons which encode two dimensions of information using two different vibrotactile parameters (rhythm and roughness) and found recognition rates of around 70. When more dimensions of information are required it may be necessary to extend the parameter-space of these Tactons. Therefore this study investigates recognition rates for Tactons which encode a third dimension of information using spatial location. The results show that identification rate for three-parameter Tactons is just 48, but that this can be increased to 81 by reducing the number of values of one of the parameters. These results will aid designers to select suitable Tactons for use when designing mobile displays.
Case-based teaching of cardiac auscultation
Authors: Kurt D. Fenstermacher, Robin D. Burke, Kristian Hammond
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

We are developing a computer system to teach medical students and residents the art of listening to the heart for diagnostic clues, known as cardiac auscultation. The Cardiac Auscultation Diagnosis Instruction (CADI) system is designed to teach students both the clinical reasoning needed for effective diagnosis, and the perceptual skills needed for listening to the peculiar sounds of the human heart. Currently, learning auscultation is difficult because it requires students to visualize complex, dynamic structures as they are described by an instructor, and to focus on clinically important sounds in a sonic morass. The CADI environment will provide a realistic setting in which students "learn by doing". Furthermore, the environment will provide support for beginning students while still providing a demanding test for more advanced users. We believe that the computer's multimedia capabilities, together with intelligent tutoring principles grounded in cognitive theory, can help medical students master the challenging skill of auscultation. CADI's design draws on earlier work in case-based reasoning and goal-based scenarios, and their combination in the case-based teaching architecture.
Lateralization of Prefrontal Activity during Episodic Memory Retrieval: Evidence for the Production-Monitoring Hypothesis
Authors: Roberto Cabeza, Jill K. Locantore, Nicole D. Anderson
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

We propose a new hypothesis concerning the lateralization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during verbal episodic memory retrieval. The hypothesis states that the left PFC is differentially more involved in semantically guided information production than is the right PFC, and that the right PFC is differentially more involved in monitoring and verification than is the left PFC. This "production-monitoring hypothesis" differs from the existing "systematic-heuristic hypothesis," which proposes that the left PFC is primarily involved in systematic retrieval operations, and the right PFC in heuristic retrieval operations. To compare the two hypotheses, we measured PFC activity using positron emission tomography (PET) during the performance of four episodic retrieval tasks: stem cued recall, associative cued recall, context recognition (source memory), and item recognition. Recall tasks emphasized production processes, whereas recognition tasks emphasized monitoring processes. Stem cued recall and context-recognition tasks underscored systematic operations, whereas associative cued recall and item-recognition tasks underscored heuristic operations. Consistent with the production-monitoring hypothesis, the left PFC was more activated for recall than for recognition tasks and the right PFC was more activated for recognition than for recall tasks. Inconsistent with the systematic-heuristic hypothesis, the left PFC was more activated for heuristic than for systematic tasks and the right PFC showed the converse result. Additionally, the study yielded activation differences outside the PFC. In agreement with a previous recall/recognition PET study, anterior cingulate, cerebellar, and striatal regions were more activated for recall than for recognition tasks, and the converse occurred for posterior parietal regions. A right medial temporal lobe region was more activated for stem cued recall and context recognition than for associative cued recall and item recognition, possibly reflecting perceptual integration. In sum, the results provide evidence for the production-monitoring hypothesis and clarify the role of different brain regions typically activated in PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of episodic retrieval.
An Instructor-Oriented Prototype System for Virtual Classroom
Authors: Xinyou Zhao, Yan Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Providing lifelong education through distance education system has become one of the most important roles in higher education. But currently fewer systems can provide one good teaching environment for the instructor to know the feedback from learners and conduct the evaluation of their learning process in real time. It is difficult for the instructor to instantly adjust his lesson during class. In order to provide one face-to-face teaching environment for the instructor, the paper proposes one instructor-oriented interactive prototype system. The prototype may provide one virtual classroom, just like one traditional classroom. The instructor may instantly know who is engaged, who is distracted. In order to improve the teaching & learning efficiency and learners' interests, the problem-based teaching technology is also introduced. Moreover, the shared electronic board will be provided for all participants, which will improve the freedom of teaching and learning.
Face recognition based on discriminant fractional Fourier feature extraction
Authors: Xiao-Yuan Jing, Hau-San Wong, David Zhang
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2006)

Developed from the conventional Fourier transform, the fractional Fourier transform is a powerful signal analysis and processing technique. In this paper, we apply it to the field of face recognition. By combining it with the discrimination analysis technique, we propose a new face recognition approach. First, we use a two-dimensional separability judgment to select appropriate value of angle parameter for discrete fractional Fourier transform. Second, we present a reformative Fisherface method to extract discriminative features from the preprocessed images and perform the classification using the nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results on two public face databases indicate that our approach outperforms four representative discrimination methods. It obtains better and robust classification effects.
CBIR Approach to Building Image Retrieval Based on Linear Edge Distribution
Authors: Xiang Yuan, Chang-Tsun Li
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

In this paper, we propose a CBIR approach to retrieve building images. First, we use the Canny edge detector to extract edge information from the images. Secondly, the Hough transform is applied to the edge map in order to reveal the linear edge distribution in the Hough transform domain. Thirdly, by using a Band-wise matching (BWM) algorithm, we partition the Hough transform domain into a number of bands and calculate the centroid of the Hough peaks in each band. By carrying out the same aforementioned procedures on a query image and the images in the database, we measure the similarity between the centroids of the query image and the images in the database. Finally, based on the similarity measures, the CBIR system ranks the images in the database and retrieves a specified number of images with the highest rankings.
Authoring Adaptive Hypermedia and IMS Learning Design: A Possible Understanding?
Authors: Alexandra Cristea, Daniel Burgos
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Adaptive Educational Hypermedia (AEH) and IMS Learning Design (IMS LD) are different disciplines, and at present, there is little shared knowledge between them. However, their goal is the same: create the best possible environment for a learner to perform his/her learning activities in. This paper therefore tackles the issue of differences and similarities in AEH (especially, in Authoring thereof), and IMS LD.
Understanding the key performance issues with MAC protocols for multi-hop wireless networks: Research Articles
Authors: Aravind Iyer, Catherine Rosenberg
Venue: Wireless Communications Mobile Computing (2006)

Multi-hop wireless networks arise in the context of ad hoc networks, sensor networks, and mesh networks, and their performance depends critically on the underlying medium access control (MAC) protocol. Inspite of the large body of work devoted to MAC protocols and associated problems, the relative importance of these problems is still not well understood. This is because most of the previous work focuses on designing a protocol to solve a particular problem, or on identifying scenarios where a protocol will not work well. In addition, most of the work is also based on simplistic assumptions about the physical wireless medium, like fixed ranges for communication and interference, or concepts like capture threshold where the desired signal strength is compared with interference from a single node at a time, rather than cumulatively.Our paper seeks to address these issues. We believe it is extremely critical that (i) we develop an understanding of the relative significance of the problems affecting MAC protocols, and that (ii) we use a realistic model for the physical channel for design and performance evaluation. Towards this end, we evaluate the performance of three currently proposed MAC protocols, IEEE 802.11 [1], RI-BTMA [2], and DUCHA [3] under a realistic channel model with additive interference. Since these protocols solve or suffer from different sets of problems, our evaluation provides a differential diagnosis of the severity of these problems. Based on our observations, we propose a simple and robust two channel MAC protocol (entitled 2CM) that is based on IEEE 802.11 augmented with a busy-tone channel. The 2CM protocol (i) mitigates the hidden node problem considerably, (ii) does not waste bandwidth in terms of logical control channels, and (iii) provides a reliable link layer acknowledgment. Through extensive simulations, we show that 2CM offers a consistently high throughput performance while not sacrificing link layer reliability in a variety of scenarios, thereby vindicating our approach. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Integration Based on a Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Zhe-Zhao, Wang Yao-Nan, Wen Hui
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2006)

We present a neural network approach based on the cosine basis functions to solve numerical integration. The convergence of neural networks algorithm and the theorem to solve numerical integration are also proven. To prompt neural network learning, we propose the momentum method, the conjugate gradient (CG) method, and the trancated Newton (TN) method for training neural networks. This article also gives examples of numerical integration based on neural networks and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results show that the numerical integration method presented here has a high accuracy and a fast convergence rate, hence, its application values is significant in the engineering practice.
A New and Efficient Real-Time Address Tracer for Embedded Microprocessors
Authors: Yuan-Long Jeang, Ching-Ta Chen, Chih-Chung Tai
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

A real-time address tracer provides designers a realtime monitoring capability, which is the kernel of a dynamic debugging system for any embedded system such as the ARM7TDMI. According to the localities of programs, in our previous version, we have provided an effective compression method, which usually uses only 8 to 32 entries (32 bits each entry) of table, a simple counter and low cost hardware instead of 0.5k to 4k entries of dictionary and window used by LZW-based compression methods. This new version adds a preand post-procession steps such that the needed tracing memories can be further greatly decreased by shifting the on-line work loading to the pre-processing and post-processing. Comparing with other work on cost and compression ratio for several same benchmarks, the average result of our system is also better than others.
Of black and glass boxes: scaffolding for doing and learning
Authors: Cindy E. Hmelo, Mark Guzdial
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

Constructivist approaches to education advocate situating learning in real-world problems-- but these problems are complex. Providing scaffolding allows learners to deal with a problem's complexity and successfully solve and learn from these kinds of problems. In this paper, we describe a theory of learning-by-doing and suggest several ways that the "doing" can be supported without forgetting the learning. We use the metaphors of black-box and glass-box scaffolding to suggest how scaffolding might be used to support learning and performance. Black-box scaffolding is scaffolding that facilitates student performance. Black-box scaffolding performs a task in place of the student performing that performance goal, usually because learning to perform that goal is determined to be unimportant for the learning goals of the activity. Glass-box scaffolding is scaffolding that facilitates performance and learning. It is important for the student to understand what glass-box scaffolding is providing because we want the student to be able to take on the functions that the glass-box scaffolding is providing. Finally, we illustrate how glass-box and black-box scaffolding have been used in two educational software programs.
Enhancing Fault-Tolerance in a Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm
Authors: P. Sukendar Reddy, Nityananda Sarma, Rajib Kumar Das
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology (2006)

In this paper, we present an efficient fault-tolerant token-based algorithm for achieving Mutual Exclusion (ME) in distributed systems. Nishio et al's fault-tolerant mutual exclusion algorithm requires feedbacks from every other site to recover from token loss. This results in considerable amount of waiting time and false token loss detection. Though Manivannan et al's algorithm solves the problems in Nishio et al's, their algorithm cannot work if a failed site is not repaired within a finite time. This paper proposes an approach to remove the drawback of Manivannan et al's method for achieving fault-tolerance. Our algorithm gives better performance in terms of Message complexity (MC), Synchronization delay (SD), Response Time (RT) and degree of faulttolerance in comparison with Manivannan et al's algorithm.
Network optimization for the design of underground mines
Authors: M. Brazil, D. A. Thomas
Venue: Networks (2007)

Efficient methods to model and optimize the design of open-cut mines have been known for many years. The design of the infrastructure of underground mines has a similar potential for optimization and strategic planning. In this article we discuss the use of network optimization to tackle this problem. The idea is to design a connected system of declines, ramps, drives, and possibly shafts, to minimize capital development and haulage costs over the lifetime of a mine. This can be modeled as a variation on the Steiner problem, with suitable metric and constraints. These constraints include: an upper bound on the absolute gradient of arcs in the embedded network (typically 1&sol;7), turning circle restrictions for navigability, and obstacle avoidance. Here we give an overview of the literature, focussing on our published work. We investigate the way in which this design problem can be modeled as a network optimization problem that accurately reflects the real costs involved while remaining mathematically tractable. Our approach is to first establish a fundamental model, which principally captures the development costs of the mine, and to study its geometric properties. We then outline more complicated generalized models, which add extra costs and constraints to the fundamental model but are still solvable. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(1), 40&ndash;50 2007
Scent field trial: understanding emerging social interaction
Authors: Younghee Jung, Jan Blom, Per Persson
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

In spring of 2003, a mobile field trial of a concept prototype application titled Scent was conducted in a corporate environment, attracting more than 500 voluntary users. Scent was a social proximity application enabling scanning of one's immediate environment for other Scent users and initiating social exchanges with them. The design of Scent prototype application aimed at incorporating various facets of face-to-face social interaction. This gave trial users multiple options of using the application in any given social context during the unguided trial period. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analyzed, which helped shaping up the foundation to further the research in understanding mediated social proximity interaction. The study revealed not only motivations of use, but also barriers of adoptions, which in turn had implications on evolutionary steps of the development and on the prospect of market entry. Identity expression was seen as the most rudimentary motivation in mediated social proximity interaction. The final section of the paper discusses how the research team utilized the field trial in the spearhead research project in an emerging arena of social interaction.
Preserved Adjustment but Impaired Awareness in a Sensory&ndash;Motor Conflict following Prefrontal Lesions
Authors: Andrea Slachevsky, Bernard Pillon, Pierre Fourneret, Pascale Pradat-diehl, Marc Jeannerod, Bruno Dubois
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

Control of action occurs at different stages of the executive process, in particular at those of sensory&ndash;motor integration and conscious monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the implication of the prefrontal cortex in the control of action. For that purpose, we compared the performance of 15 patients with frontal lobe lesions and 15 matched controls on an experimental paradigm generating a conflict between the action planned and the sensory&ndash;motor feedback. Subjects had to trace a sagittal line with a stylus on a graphic tablet. The hand was hidden by a mirror on which the traced line, processed by a computer, was projected. Without informing the subjects, the line traced was modified by introducing a bias to the right, which increased progressively from 2&deg; to 42&deg;. To succeed the task, subjects had to modify their motor program and deviate their hand in the opposite direction. The sensory&ndash;motor adjustment to the bias was evaluated by the surface between the line traced and the ideal line to compensate for the deviation. The awareness of the conflict was measured by the angle of the bias at which subjects expressed the feeling that the line they traced was not the same as the line they saw. The deviation was similarly compensated for by patients and controls until 24&deg;. Then 14 controls but only 3 patients were aware of a conflict. After that, the variability of performance increased significantly for the unaware patients. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex is required at the level of conscious monitoring of actions, but not at the level of sensory&ndash;motor integration.
Minimizing mean flow time for UET tasks
Authors: Yumei Huo, Joseph Y.-T. Leung
Venue: ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG) (2006)

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of n unit-execution-time (UET) tasks, with precedence constraints, on m &ge; 1 parallel and identical processors so as to minimize the mean flow time. For two processors, the Coffman--Graham algorithm gives a schedule that simultaneously minimizes the mean flow time and the makespan. The problem becomes strongly NP-hard for an arbitrary number of processors, although the complexity is not known for each fixed m &ge; 3. For arbitrary precedence constraints, we show that the Coffman--Graham algorithm gives a schedule with a worst-case bound no more than 2, and we give examples showing that the bound is tight. For intrees, the problem can be solved in polynomial time for each fixed m &ge; 1, although the complexity is not known for an arbitrary number of processors. We show that Hu's algorithm (which is optimal for the makespan objective) yields a schedule with a worst-case bound no more than 1.5, and we give examples showing that the ratio can approach 1.308999.
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Decentralized resource sharing in mobile computing and networking
Venue: International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (2006)

The 1st International Workshop on Decentralized Resource Sharing in Mobile Computing and Networking aims to provide a forum where researchers from the wireless networking community and the distributed systems community can discuss and present new research relevant to the intersection between the two communities. In particular, MobiShare focuses on the applicability and transfer of decentralized/peer-to-peer techniques to multihop wireless networks (wireless mesh networks, opportunistic (ad hoc) extensions to the Internet, vehicular networks, etc.).