ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Approximations for simulation run-time reduction
Authors: G. M. Herman
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

The age of more complex computing systems has made it increasingly important to have reliable means of evaluating the performance of existing systems, and of future systems during their design and development. This latter aspect is only beginning to come into being, and shows great promise of yielding large benefits to the industry. Where most evaluation was, and still is, applied to the evaluation of existing systems for various applications, it is becoming increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for use during the design and development of systems. Results of these evaluations are used to aid in the decisions leading to inclusion of proper hardware and software, incorporated into an effective total system for the task for which it is designed. Effective use of approximations whose accuracy are within a tolerance sufficient to yield results suitable to the application, and incorporation within the model of appropriate known computational methods can greatly reduce the run-time required to achieve a given degree of simulation accuracy. It is to these approximations and computational methods that this paper is directed.
Experiments with computer software complexity and reliability
Authors: D. Potier, J. L. Albin, R. Ferreol, A. Bilodeau
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

Experiments with quantitative assessment and prediction of software reliability are presented. The experiments are based on the analysis of the error and the complexity characteristics of a large set of programs. The first part of the study concerns the data collection process and the analysis of the error data and complexity measures. The relationships between the complexity profile and the error data of the procedures of the programs are then investigated with the help of discriminant statistical analysis technique. The results of these analyses show that an estimation can be derived from the analysis of its complexity profile.
ATOPSS (Adage Tutorial Operating System Simulator): A computer graphic simulation of a discrete time operating system for introducing elementary concepts
Authors: William J. Tracz
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

This paper introduces two films made under a discrete time operating system simulator that is programmed and run on an Adage 30 Graphics Terminal at The Pennsylvania State University. Using the graphic hardware available on the system, the simulator displays the contents of all major operating system queues along with the contents of memory and active hardware. The observer can then watch the flow of information from one job step to another in the discrete time simulation of different operating system configurations. Various parameters specified by the user allow the operating system simulator to operate under different hardware configurations and operating system strategies such as multiprogramming and multiprocessing, along with preemption and different memory allocation techniques.
Design problems in emulating the MIX computer on the Microdata 1600
Authors: T. Don Dennis, O. G. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1976)

This paper presents an overview of an emulator for the MIX computer written in Microdata 1600 microcode. The MIX computer thus emulated is a variant of the original MIX computer as described in Volume 1 of The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth. Basic changes involve the utilization of 8 bit bytes along with the ASCII character code.
Machine aids to the design of ceramic substrates containing integrated circuit chips
Authors: Colon W. Farlow
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Design Automation Workshop (1970)

SPICED (System of Programs for Integrated Circuit Equipment Design) is a set of machine aids to the design of ceramic substrates containing integrated circuit chips. The major functions are to build and maintain a descriptive data file, place all chips, interconnect the chips with thin film using air-insulated beam type crossovers1 where necessary, document the design, prepare the artmaster, and produce test data to verify that crossovers are not shorted or opened.
Selection in factorial experiments
Authors: Robert E. Bechhofer
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1977)

The performance of many if not most real-life systems which are simulated depends on two or more factors which can be set at various &ldquo;levels.&rdquo; In order to understand the behavior of such a system the experimenter must conduct a factorial experiment in which the behavior of the system is studied at selected factor-level combinations. It is often of interest to select the &ldquo;best&rdquo; factor-level combination, i.e., the one associated with the highest average response. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the more commonly used statistical selection procedures. Selection procedures appropriate for use with single-factor experiments are considered first. The ideas associated with the use of these procedures are then generalized to two-factor experiments (and implicitly to multi-factor experiments) and new selection procedures for use with such multi-factor experiments are described.
The generation and use of parameterized terrain in land combat simulation
Authors: Sam H. Parry
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1977)

The complexity of land combat analysis, especially in high resolution simulation models, is enhanced by elaborate terrain models depicting a limited geographical area. Terrain is, therefore, treated as a given factor in the analysis and all results are conditioned on that particular location. This study presents and evaluates a methodology for parameterizing terrain for use in land combat analysis. The ultimate goals of these models are to provide methodology for treating terrain parametrically in high resolution land combat simulation models and to provide the capability of investigating the intervisibility segment length problem over terrain with characteristics indicative of typical terrain in any desired geographical location. The current procedure is to use digitized data which is compiled from actual terrain by engineer surveys and photo-interpretation. If a simulation is to be used for determining who will win a battle over a specific piece of terrain, such as the Fulda Gap, then this approach is necessary. However, if the model is to be used to determine weapons effectiveness, then representation of a specific terrain is not necessary, and need only be representative of the area to be modeled. Consequently, a less costly and time consuming approach is desirable. In particular, terrain can be created mathematically by using a modified bivariate normal probability density function. The individual bivariate normal hills can be used to create ridgelines. An additional advantage of this approach is that the macro-terrain features can be created at random, thereby providing multiple, unique realizations of a type of terrain. This capability overcomes the sensitivity of Army study results to a single sample of terrain. When used for line-of-sight calculations, the parameterized, continuous representation eliminates the need for interpolations required for digitized terrain. Additionally, the mathematically represented hills allow slope to be determined at any point on the map, thereby providing information for mobility determinations and route selection. The methodology and simulation can be employed independently or used as a preprocessor for other combat models.
GLAD &mdash; a systems approach to artwork generation
Authors: C. M. Oualline, L. F. McCalla, P. Englebretson, S. P. Rhodes
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual Design Automation Conference (1969)

General Language for Artwork Design is an automated design system which integrates the designer, the computer, and plotter operations into one simple, smooth working unity.
Professional development seminars: Introduction to Pascal
Authors: A. Winsor Brown
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

This intensive one-day tutorital introduces the concepts and abstractions upon which Pascal is based, current methods for specifying the syntax of a language, Pascal's relation to software engineering, and the status of the Pascal standardization activity. A multimedia environment is used to develop Pascal programs on-line. At the end of the session, participants should be able to read and analyze Pascal code, differentiate between &ldquo;true Pascal&rdquo; and non-conforming Pascal-like code, and have a working knowledge of the syntactic definitions of Pascal: BNF, railroad diagrams, and a Pascal standard.
Detection is easier than computation (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Bernard Chazelle, David P. Dobkin
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1980)

Perhaps the most important application of computer geometry involves determining whether a pair of convex objects intersect. This problem is well understood in a model of computation where the objects are given as input and their intersection is returned as output. However, for many applications, we may assume that the objects already exist within the computer and that the only output desired is a single piece of data giving a common point if the objects intersect or reporting no intersection if they are disjoint. For this problem, none of the previous lower bounds are valid and we propose algorithms requiring sublinear time for their solution in 2 and 3 dimensions.
Developing a framework for consulting policies and procedures
Authors: John Beck
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1977)

A memorandum series has been developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Academic Computing Center (MACC) for use by the consulting staff. This series is designed to be used in Documenting MACC policy Defining consulting procedures Training new personnel Coordinating policy and procedure changes MACC is a large computing facility with a great number of software packages. The consulting staff daily advises sixty to seventy users in problem areas which might cover simple Fortran errors, more involved use of the executive system, conversion of foreign tapes, and the use of special software packages. The consultants are primarily graduate students who stay for one or two years and who generally are not familiar with the entire software line when they start. The high turnover rate and the diverse knowledge necessary in consulting make training aids very important. Because of the large number of user contacts made each day, it is essential to have an effective problem-reporting and refund structure to ensure that the user is treated equitably and consistently. Therefore, well-defined operating procedures are also very important. Finally, changes in policy and procedure must be formally distributed so that everyone involved is aware of them.
A transportation of ALGOL68C
Authors: P. J. Gardner
Venue: Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference (1977)

This paper describes the problems and solutions of a particular &ldquo;pulled&rdquo; bootstrap transportation of the Cambridge ALGOL68C compiler; in particular, the problems encountered in making the external appearance of the compiler system conform to the conventions of the object machine's operating system interface.
Data-driven implementation of data flow diagrams
Authors: Robert G. Babb,  II
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

Current software engineering methods employ a variety of design notations and techniques during the development process. This paper suggests a new, unified approach to developing software, termed Program/System Design. Programs are viewed as being made up of systems of data-coupled, data-activated processing units. Using a coherent hierarchy of data flow diagrams, complex systems are specified as compositions of successively simpler systems. The methods are illustrated by a Program/System solution to the Telegram Problem.
Evaluation of network services
Authors: Bennet P. Lientz
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

A major problem involved in network services is that of deciding upon criteria and timing for moving between one network and another. A particular case is that dealing with timesharing service facilities. The approach here is to isolate some of the elements of costs and benefits and then propose a stochastic process model for use in decision making. Implementation is also discussed.
A top down approach to sorting
Authors: Susan M. Merritt
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1981)

A top-down approach is presented for the derivation of, and corresponding exposition of sorting algorithms. Work done in automatic program synthesis has produced interesting results about sorting algorithms which suggest this approach. In particular insertion sort and selection sort are seen to be instances of merge sort and Quick sort, and sinking sort and bubble sort are presented as in-place versions of insertion sort and selection sort. This top-down approach is offered as an alternative way of deriving and ultimately teaching about sorting algorithms.
EBB and flow: An electronic bulletin board
Authors: Dave Eichmann, Diana Harris
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

To get information out more quickly, WCC began publishing an interim newsletter called &ldquo;Newsearlier.&rdquo; This newsletter was not typeset and was very short&mdash;about 2-3 pages; it took only about three days to get &ldquo;Newsearlier&rdquo; printed and distributed. Still several days passed between when the information was collected, written, and printed and when it was actually distributed. Also, because each issue contained several articles, &ldquo;hot&rdquo; articles had to wait a few days until other such items were collected. Besides all of the writing and production time that makes the news late, the newsletters are not distributed to everyone who might need that information. WCC sends newsletters to anyone who asks for them; but each reader must ask to be put on the mailing list and must renew that request yearly. To make information available as soon as it is news, we decided to write an on-line bulletin board system. The bulletin board has the advantages of providing more up-to-date information quickly and at any time. Although the paper describes our bulletin board, it doesn't mention how well it has been received. The presentation will include a discussion of our users' experience with this on-line news system.
Some scheduling techniques and an easily schedulable horizontal architecture for high performance scientific computing
Authors: B. R. Rau, C. D. Glaeser
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1981)

Horizontal architectures are attractive for cost-effective, high performance scientific computing. They are, however, very difficult to schedule. Consequently, it is difficult to develop compilers that can generate efficient code for such architectures. The polycyclic architecture has been developed specifically to make the task of scheduling easy. As a result, it has been possible to develop a powerful scheduling algorithm that yields optimal and near-optimal schedules for iterative computations. This novel architecture and this scheduling algorithm are the topic of this paper.
An information retrieval perspective on fuzzy database systems (ACM 82 Panel Session)
Authors: Bill P. Buckles
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

Database in which domain values are not crisp and precise exhibit properties normally associated with information retrieval systems. For instance, a boolean query induces a membership value for each tuple (i.e., record) that is analogous in function to a similarity measure. Thus, precision and recall measures are legitimate areas of interest that pertain to fuzzy databases but not ordinary databases. These ideas will be expounded in the context of a database for expert advice on national energy policies.
Real-Time Surveillance System Detecting Persons in Complex Scenes
Authors: Akihiko Iketani, Yoshinori Kuno, Nobutaka Shimada, Yoshiaki Shirai
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

This paper presents a visual surveillance system that can work in real time under various disturbances, such as changes of lighting and movements of background objects. We propose a robust method of detecting moving objects based on voting in a space-time cube. We have implemented this method on an image processor using multiple DSP boards. Experimental results have shown that the system can detect persons walking with many objects moving in their backgrounds in real time.
Synchronization: Is a synthesis of the problems possible?
Authors: Gerald Belpaire
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 ACM SIGCOMM/SIGOPS workshop on Interprocess communications (1975)

This paper exposes an idea to define a framework within which this twofold reality will be reflected, together with a method to define with precision the problems of synchronization at their proper level of abstraction. As such, it attempts to give an answer to the question of understanding what characterizes a problem of synchronization, how it is related to a programming method and what are the aspects of its implementation.
The &ldquo;VIM&rdquo; users group
Authors: F. William Rambo
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1975)

The &ldquo;VIM&rdquo; Users organization was established in 1965 and subsequently incorporated in 1970. The letters &ldquo;VIM&rdquo;, as suggested by Professor Max Goldstein of NYU, were originally meant to represent 6000 in Pseudo-Roman numerals. To qualify for membership, an organization must have installed or on order a CDC 6000, 7000, CYBER 70 or CYBER 170 series computer. VIM INC presently consists of 249 member organizations that represent a variety of government agencies, research and educational institutions as well as private industry. The membership is also diverse with respect to national origin, with 52% of the membership in the United States and major concentrations in Western Europe, Canada and Australia. As a result, the main thrust of VIM activity is directed to areas of interest common to the entire membership. The principal objectives of the organization as stated in the VIM Bylaws are &ldquo;to foster the development, free exchange and communication of research pertaining to VIM computers in the best scientific tradition and to provide a means of communication with the Manufacturer of VIM Computers&rdquo;.
Some desirable properties of data abstraction facilities
Authors: J. J. Horning
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1976)

It is currently popular to say that programming languages need &ldquo;data abstraction facilities,&rdquo; and to assert that the provision of such facilities would provide conceptual and practical advantages in the domain of data structures akin to the advantages provided by procedures in the domain of computational structures. This note explores some of the implications of this metaphor, without attempting to make it precise. I shall use the term capsule to refer to the data analog of procedure. [Those who are familiar with the SIMULA class, the CLU cluster, or the ALPHARD form, may use any of these as an approximation to capsule; I use a neutral term to avoid implying the details of any particular language.] First, what are the advantages provided by procedures (subroutines, functions, macros)? I can think of at least eight (highly interrelated) categories: 1) avoidance of repetition, 2) modular program structure, 3) a basis for structured programming, 4) conceptual units for understanding and reasoning about programs, 5) clearly defined interfaces that may be precisely specified, 6) units of maintenance and improvement, 7) a language extension mechanism, and 8) units for separate compilation. Let us consider each of these in turn.
A first APL tournament package
Authors: M. J.D. Hopkins, H. G. Morin, T. V. Narayana
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on APL (1974)

In two recent papers, Narayana and Zidek [1,2] have studied the combinatorics of random knock-out tournaments and investigated some of the natural statistical inference problems associated with tournaments. These tournaments involve one strong player who competes against (n-1) opponents of equal strength &mdash; the case of a single outlier. The programming language APL, developed by Iverson, permits us to study random knock-out tournaments without repetiton systematically and provides explicit numerical results with the aid of a computer. Simulation, using APL, also permits us to compare repeated knock-outs with repeated round-robins using the methods suggested by David [3] and the results of Narayana and Zidek [1,2]. We should like to emphasize that the simulations represent very much a pilot and preliminary effort and were undertaken partly as an exercise to study the capabilities of random number generation in APL, and partly as a guide to further simulation involving the more refined ideas of tournament design [2]. Indeed, this package only covers the basis of most of the results and conjectures the first two authors' M,Sc. theses, we may hope that it represents a first step in the difficult choice of a suitable design for paired comparisons in general.
The detailed semantics of graphics input devices
Authors: David S. H. Rosenthal, James C. Michener, Günther Pfaff, Rens Kessener, Malcolm Sabin
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1982)

The concept of virtual input devices, enunciated by Wallace, has been the accepted basis for producing device-independent interactive graphics systems. It was used by GSPC for the Core System, and it underlies the draft international standard GKS. During the recently concluded technical review of GKS, the input facilities became a bone of contention. The discussions revealed many inadequacies in the virtual input device concept, and were finally resolved using a refined and extended model of input, which is presented here by some of the participants in the discussions. Examples are included, showing how the GKS facilities derive from the model, and the Core's &ldquo;STROKE&rdquo; device is used to show how the model controls future extensions to GKS. The model is also used to describe the other differences between the input facilities of the Core System and GKS.
Women in management - entering and growing(ACM '81 Panel Session Abstract)
Authors: Linda Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

Linda Taylor will discuss how to get your first management position, the requirements and the transition from using your technical skills to gain success to using management skills emphasizing delegation, motivation, training, etc. of others to gain your success. Nell Cox's discussion focuses on breaking through the middle management plateau into top management. Techniques for gaining &ldquo;election&rdquo; to corporate officer status, and the differences between middle and top management responsibilities and activities will be highlighted. Peggy McKelly will provide perspective on the attitude and skills she has observed to be requirements or prerequisites for entrepreneurial success. Starting your own business and the transition from employee/worker to owner/boss/worker will be featured, as well as capitalization and governmental reporting requirements.
A simulation program for monte carlo analysis and design
Authors: E. E. L. Mitchell, D. Girard
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Design Automation Workshop (1970)

The executive program is described that allows the user on-line control of a Monte Carlo missile system simulation. Each subsystem designer can modify the program independently and evaluate the resulting system performance.