ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Media and metadata management for capture and access systems in electronic lecturing environments
Authors: A. Stewart, P. Wolf, M. Hemmje
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

One of the main challenges facing Web-based multimedia content creators today is the development of cost-effective digital media content for courseware that is reusable and interoperable. Given this, we propose the design and implementation of a model to manage the multimedia and metadata within a system of related topics in a course that is delivered via electronic lectures. This model not only supports the re-purposing and interchange of a course's digital media content, but also preserves the semantic dependencies and associated media-mapping, of pre-requisite and co-requisite knowledge within a course. Coarse grain or topic-based segmentations of an electronic lecture are used as building blocks to automatically create new, media-rich, electronic lecture experiences of interest to a user and subject to the constraints imposed by the model.
An efficient mechanism for auctioning alternative paths
Authors: Stavros Routzounis, George D. Stamoulis
Venue: Proceeding from the 2006 workshop on Game theory for communications and networks (2006)

We study the application of auctions in simultaneously selling multiple related objects, which may be (imperfect) substitutes for all users. In particular, we consider a routing problem, where the provision of alternative paths to candidate users must take into consideration the user's utility values and special requirements; that is, the exclusive use of only one path, and the existence of preferences for one path over another. We study different mechanisms for winner determination and payment calculation for the paths won, using multi-object sealed-bid one-round VCG auctions. The main contribution of this work is the derivation of a fast incentive compatible algorithm for auctioning alternative paths under the aforementioned user preferences. This algorithm attains the efficient winner determination (i.e. the one maximizing social welfare) and the computation of payments when applying the VCG payment rule in the specific problem we study. We also present an alternative lower-complexity algorithm for uniform-price auctioning, where users' incentives are influenced by the degree of substitutability of the services offered. Finally, we compare the suggested mechanisms with other approaches in the literature, pointing out the importance of the assumptions used in our model and the efficiency of our approach.
An Empirical Study of Factors and their Relationships in Outsourced Software Maintenance
Authors: Pankaj Bhatt, Gautam Shroff, Williams K., Arun K. Misra
Venue: Proceedings of the XIII Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (2006)

IT outsourcing, which commenced as a cost reduction operation, has now become an essential parameter for measuring the operational efficiency of an organization. An increasing number of operational IT systems are moving into the maintenance phase, becoming potential candidates for outsourcing. Human and organizational factors, typical to maintenance activities, such as organization climate, customer attitude, engineers' attitude, etc., have a significant influence on software maintenance effort and make the task of effort estimation complex. In this paper we present the results of an empirical study, carried out to identify and study the influence of such factors on software maintenance effort.
Image Content Annotation Based on Visual Features
Authors: Lei Ye, Philip Ogunbona, Jianqiang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2006)

Automatic image content annotation techniques attempt to explore structural visual features of images that describe image content and associate them with image semantics. In this paper, two types of concept spaces, atomic concept and collective concept spaces, are defined and the annotation problems in those spaces are formulated as feature classification and Bayesian inference, respectively. A scheme of image content annotation in this framework is presented and evaluated as an application of photo categorisation using MPEG-7 VCE2 dataset and its ground truth. The experimental results show a promising performance.
Grid Computing: A Critical Discussion on Business Applicability
Authors: Heinz Stockinger
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2006)

In the last decade, the Grid emerged from computing-intensive application domains. It has become very difficult to distinguish between "real" Grids, Web services, and simply a distributed computing environment. A critical discussion of Grid technologies points out the pros and cons of applying current Grid technologies in a business or enterprise environment.
Tools and Products
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2006)

In this issue, Tools and Products provides information about Vicon's MX motion capture system, Curtiss-Wright's PCI computer, Boxx' 3DBoxx 8300 workstation, Digital Media Professionals Pica 3D/2D graphics IP core, T-Splines' plug-in for Maya, and Andersson Technologies' SynthEyes.
Trusted Privacy Manager: A System for Privacy Enforcement
Authors: B. Carminati, E. Ferrari
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (2005)

In this paper, we show how a third-party architecture can be used for a secure management of personal data over the web. Main benefits of the proposed system are its scalability, the compliance with emerging web standards, and the enforcement of privacy requirements of both data owners and consumers. This is obtained by making use of non-standard encryption strategies and by relying on a Trusted Privacy Manager in charge of data encryption and key delivering. In the paper, besides providing an overview of the proposed architecture we focus on the Trusted Privacy Manager and on the strategies it adopts for key generation and management.
A trainable retrieval system for cartoon character images
Authors: M. Haseyama, A. Matsumura
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This paper proposes a novel method to retrieve cartoon character images in a database or network. In this method, partial features of an image, defined as regions and aspects, are used as keys to identify cartoon character images. The similarities between a query cartoon character image and the images in the database are computed by using these features. Based on the similarities, the cartoon images same or similar to the query image are identified and retrieved from the database. Moreover, our method adopts a training scheme to reflect the user's subjectivity. The training emphasizes the significant regions or aspects by assigning more weight based on the user's preferences and actions, such as selecting a desired image or an area of an image. These processes make the retrieval more effective and accurate. Experiment results verify the effectiveness and retrieval accuracy of the method.
A Linear Convergent Functional Iterative DivisionWithout a Look-Up Table
Authors: Viay Holimath, Javier Bruguera
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (2006)

We propose a modified Goldschimdt reciprocation algorithm for single precision computation, without using a look-up table. It is a variable latency algorithm i.e. the number of iterations depends on the input operands that provide a linear convergence. Multiplying with the dividend results division, our method requires a cycle for each iteration, performing multiply add and Booth recoding in a cycle. Initial approximation is a two's complement of the divisor, which can be performed during partial product summation. The implementation is described in IBM G5 FPU(Floating Point Unit) and MIPS R10000 processor multiplier, evaluated and compared with conventional processors. It offers a good trade-off between performance and area, making it suitable for mobile computing applications such as PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), UPC(Ultra Personal Computer), mobile phone, tablet PC(Personal Computer) etc.
LocalMotif - An In-Silico Tool for Detecting Localized Motifs in Regulatory Sequences
Authors: Vipin Narang, Wing-Kin Sung, Ankush Mittal
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In silico motif finding algorithms are often used for discovering protein-DNA binding sites in a set of regulatory sequences. Current algorithms mainly address motif discovery in short sequences. Analyzing long sequences can be quite challenging not only due to increasing time and memory requirements of the algorithm, but also decreasing accuracy. However, in case the motif is localized in a short interval of the long sequences relative to an anchor point, it is tenable to detect it easily by restricting the search to that interval. But the region of localization of the motif is not known a priori. This paper reports an algorithm called LocalMotif to detect localized motifs in long regulatory sequences. A novel score function predicts the region of localization of the motif. This score is combined with other scoring measures including Z-score and relative entropy to detect the motif. The algorithm is optimized for fast processing of long regulatory sequences. Tests on simulated and real datasets confirm that LocalMotif accurately determines the region of localization of motifs and automatically discovers the biologically relevant motifs, which can be detected by other motif finding algorithms only when the search is restricted to the relevant interval.
Planar-to-Curved-Surface Image Registration
Authors: Smadar Gefen, Nahum Kiryati, Louise Bertrand, Jonathan Nissanov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

A 2D-to-3D non-rigid intensity-based registration method is proposed. This planar-to-curved-surface image alignment algorithm matches experimental data of twodimensional images with their corresponding images overlaid on a curved-surface within a volumetric image. This PDE-based 2D-to-3D registration technique allows for inter-modality matching of sectional data with a volumetric image of homologous objects. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method through simulations and in the application of atlas-based segmentation of a mouse brain histological and MRI images
Modeling Correspondences for Multi-Camera Tracking Using Nonlinear Manifold Learning and Target Dynamics
Authors: Vlad I. Morariu, Octavia I. Camps
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

Multi-camera tracking systems often must maintain consistent identity labels of the targets across views to recover 3D trajectories and fully take advantage of the additional information available from the multiple sensors. Previous approaches to the "correspondence across views" problem include matching features, using camera calibration information, and computing homographies between views under the assumption that the world is planar. However, it can be difficult to match features across significantly different views. Furthermore, calibration information is not always available and planar world hypothesis can be too restrictive. In this paper, a new approach is presented for matching correspondences based on the use of nonlinear manifold learning and system dynamics identification. The proposed approach does not require similar views, calibration nor geometric assumptions of the 3D environment, and is robust to noise and occlusion. Experimental results demonstrate the use of this approach to generate and predict views in cases where identity labels become ambiguous.
A Compact Architecture for Wireless Video Surveillance over CDMA Network
Authors: Hang Zhou, David Suter
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

Wireless video surveillance over CDMA network enables transfer of high quality live video via public wireless broadband, which is accessible anywhere with CDMA mobile phone network coverage. Real time video can be received on an internet connected PC, laptop or even mobile phone. This makes possible surveillance from moving vehicles, or quick deployment in almost unrestricted locations. While many general purpose solutions exist for sending video over CDMA, they have not taken into consideration certain specific features of the network nor the requirements of the related applications. This paper presents a new architecture for video transmission over CDMA with simple hardware complexity, high reliability and rich functions. The compact and flexible system has been under trial in China, Australia, Singapore, Italy, Egypt and Brazil, amongst others.
Towards Realization of Dataspaces
Authors: Ibrahim Elsayed, Peter Brezany, A Min Tjoa
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

Database management systems providing powerfull data management services have been developed in the recent decades to a great extent. All these systems are based on its own single data model, whereas the demand for managing multiple data sources with different data models is rapidly expanding. Therefore the need for intelligent management systems providing access to those heterogeneous and often distributed data sources and allowing to search and query them as a single information source, has never been greater. This reseach challenge is faced by the vision of Dataspaces. So far, no effort was devoted to realization of Dataspace concepts on the Grid. In this paper, we propose the architecture of a Dataspace Management System and discuss how some current components of the Grid technology can support the future implementations of such an architecture.
VanetMobiSim: generating realistic mobility patterns for VANETs
Authors: J. Härri, F. Filali, C. Bonnet, Marco Fiore
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks (2006)

In this paper, we present and describe VanetMobiSim, a generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for telecommunication networks simulators. VanetMobiSim mobility description is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic.
Defects in automotive use cases
Authors: F. Tørner, M. Ivarsson, F. Pettersson, P. Öhman
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

This paper presents an empirical quality assessment of use cases with the purpose to provide defect data from industry. In the assessment, twelve criteria, based on earlier research, were applied to 43 use cases from Volvo Car Corporation developed according to current practice. The collected defect data were statistically analyzed to determine significant intensity differences and to establish a partial order between the defects types based on their intensity. In addition, a qualitative assessment was made to assess the effect of remaining defects on the established order. The study shows that the defect types with the highest defect intensity are Missing element and Incorrect linguistics. Further, the established defect order is the basis for a comparison between the criteria used and earlier research on guidelines and checklists for use case authoring, resulting in improvement propositions.
A new optimization heuristic for continuous and integer decisions with constraints in simulation
Authors: Mufit Ozden
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

In this paper, a new metaheuristic optimization approach is developed for the mixed integer decisions with constraints within a simulation model. Each decision variable is handled by an optimizer that uses a machine learning technique. At the beginning of each iteration, the decisions are selected randomly from their decision distributions. The performance evaluation is estimated during a short simulation run. The optimizers modify their selection distributions for the decisions that prove to be "good" performance judged against an advancing threshold value. Then, a new set of decisions is generated for the next run. When the average performance reaches a good competency, the threshold value is advanced to a higher level. Thus, the optimizers are forced to learn toward the optimal solution. In this paper, after brief explanation of the approach, we present an application to a challenging engineering problem dealing with pressure-vessel design.
Information Hiding in Text Using Typesetting Tools with Stego-Encoding
Authors: Chen Chao, Wang Shuozhong, Zhang Xinpeng
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

A steganographic method is proposed to embed secret information into text files. This is achieved by making slight modification to scattered inter-word spaces of the formatted text using the popular typesetting tool TeX. The coded TeX file is compiled and converted to generate a stego-pdf file, which is convenient to be disseminated over the Internet. A stego-encoding technique is used to reduce the number of inter-word space changes for the same amount of embedded data so that, in comparison with a previously introduced method, the embedding efficiency is increased and security improved. The embedded data are extracted from the document image that is easy to obtain from the portable pdf file.
Goal-Driven Agent-Oriented Software Processes
Authors: Carlos Cares, Xavier Franch, Enric Mayol, Enrique Alvarez
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (2006)

The quality of software processes is acknowledged as a critical factor for delivering quality software systems. Any initiative for improving the quality of software processes requires their explicit representation and management. A current representational metaphor for systems is agent orientation, which has become one of the recently recognized engineering paradigms. In this article we argue for the convenience of representing the software process using an agent-oriented language to model it and a goal-driven procedure to design it. Particularly we propose using the i* framework which is both an agent- and a goal-oriented modeling language. We review the possibilities of i* as a software process modeling language, and we also show how success factors can be made explicit in i* representations of the software processes. Finally, we illustrate the approach with an example based on the development of a set of ergonomic and safety software tools.
Large-Scale Concept Ontology for Multimedia
Authors: Milind Naphade, John R. Smith, Jelena Tesic, Shih-Fu Chang, Winston Hsu, Lyndon Kennedy, Alexander Hauptmann, Jon Curtis
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

As increasingly powerful techniques emerge for machine tagging multimedia content, it becomes ever moreimportant to standardize the underlying vocabularies. Doing so provides interoperability and lets themultimedia community focus ongoing research on a well-defined set of semantics. This column describes arecent collaborative effort of multimedia researchers, library scientists, and end users to develop a largestandardized taxonomy for describing broadcast news video. The Large-Scale Concept Ontology for Multimedia(LSCOM) is the first of its kind designed to simultaneously optimize utility to facilitate end-user access,cover a large semantic space, make automated extraction feasible, and increase observability in diversebroadcast news video data sets.
Constructing real-time collaborative software engineering tools using CAISE, an architecture for supporting tool development
Authors: Carl Cook, Neville Churcher
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48 (2006)

Real-time Collaborative Software Engineering (CSE) tools have many perceived benefits including increased programmer communication and faster resolution of development conflicts. Demand and support for such tools is rapidly increasing, but the cost of developing such tools is prohibitively expensive. We have developed an architecture, CAISE, to support the rapid development of CSE tools. It is envisaged that the architecture will facilitate the creation of a range of tools, allowing the perceived benefits of collaboration to be fully realised. In this paper, we focus on the development of CSE tools within the CAISE architecture. We present examples to illustrate how such tools are constructed and how they support real-time multi-user collaborative software development. We also address issues related to the number of collaborators and discuss performance aspects.
The Nature, Importance, and Difficulty of Machine Ethics
Authors: James H. Moor
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Machine ethics has a broad range of possible implementations in computer technology--from maintaining detailed records in hospital databases to overseeing emergency team movements after a disaster. From amachine ethics perspective, you can look at machines as ethical-impact agents, implicit ethical agents,explicit ethical agents, or full ethical agents. A current research challenge is to develop machines thatare explicit ethical agents. This research is important, but accomplishing this goal will be extremelydifficult without a better understanding of ethics and of machine learning and cognition. This article is part of a special issue on Machine Ethics.
Determining the Routing Path for In-network Aggregation
Authors: Xiwei Zhao, S. Kami Makki, Niki Pissinou
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

The wireless sensor network (WSN), is a type of selforganized distribution system without complex infrastructure requirement. However, WSN's independence and un-attended usage limit its power supply and life expectancy. These become a critical issue for any WSN implementation. The in-network processing which, intends to minify data volume locally can greatly reduce the energy consumption of data delivery over a long distance to the sink. However, open problems are still remain with in-network processing, such as how to carry out in-network processing, and how to combine routing scheme to the sink (e.g. the long distance delivery). For any WSN application, the following preassumption is vital. There exists a physical signal field which bridges physical events to the sensors of WSN, otherwise WSN does not work. In fact, the physical signal field can be depicted by sensory data of all the nodes, and can even be used for data local convergence (e.g. innetwork processing). An immediate solution which we propose is that, sensory data of the nodes can be converged to local extremes of the physical signal field along its gradient direction. Furthermore, the physical signal field is integrated with the cost field routing scheme [2, 3]. The cost field routing is in charge of delivering data to the sink. During the in-network processing, the delivery direction is derived by combining linearly the gradient directions of the cost field and physical signal field. Also simulation results show that the proposed schemes are robust, adaptable, and reliable to the variation of physical events.
Mathematical modeling and control of the refraction index of optical lightguide at fabrication stage
Authors: A. I. Gavrilov, Y. V. Hairjuzova, T. L. Shapochnicova, I. A. Gavrilov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 3 (2003)

The reasons of appearance of screw of non-uniformity of obtained layer's thickness in waveguide fabrications are determined in terms of convective deposition model. Non-uniformity leads to deflexion of the refraction index from demanded profile. Obtained analytic expressions can be used as the basis for managing program, which allows to get determined profiles of refraction index.