ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A two-tone test method for continuous-time adaptive equalizers
Authors: Dongwoo Hong, Shadi Saberi, Kwang-Ting (Tim) Cheng, C. Patrick Yue
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

This paper describes a novel test method for continuous-time adaptive equalizers. This technique applies a two-sinusoidal-tone signal as stimulus and includes an RMS detector for testing, which incurs no performance degradation and a very small area overhead. To validate the technique, we used a recently published adaptive equalizer as our test case and conducted both behavioral and transistor-level simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the technique is effective in detecting defects in the equalizer, which might not be easily detected by the conventional eye-diagram method.
Collaboration in Software Engineering: A Roadmap
Authors: Jim Whitehead
Venue: 2007 Future of Software Engineering (2007)

Software engineering projects are inherently cooperative, requiring many software engineers to coordinate their efforts to produce a large software system. Integral to this effort is developing shared understanding surrounding multiple artifacts, each artifact embodying its own model, over the entire development process. This focus on modeloriented collaboration embedded within a larger process is what distinguishes collaboration research in software engineering from broader collaboration research, which tends to address artifact-neutral coordination technologies and toolkits. This article first presents a list of goals for software engineering collaboration, then surveys existing collaboration support tools in software engineering. The survey covers both tools that focus on a single artifact or stage in the development process (requirements support tools, UML collaboration tools), and tools that support the representation and execution of an entire software process. Important collaboration standards are also described. Several possible future directions for collaboration in software engineering are presented, including tight integration between web and desktop development environments, broader participation by customers and end users in the entire development process, capturing argumentation surrounding design rationale, and use of massively multiplayer online (MMO) game technology as a collaboration medium. The article concludes by noting a problem in performing research on collaborative systems, that of assessing how well certain artifacts, models, and embedded processes work, and whether they are better than other approaches.
Maintenance efficient routing in wireless sensor networks
Authors: A. Barroso, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (2005)

This paper presents an analysis framework of routing protocols that can be applied to produce sensor fields that are much less expensive to maintain. The framework is based on a maintenance model that is simple, yet flexible enough to capture real world deployment scenarios of sensor networks. As an illustration, the framework is used to assess the impact of different forwarding techniques for a known geographical routing protocol on the overall maintenance costs of different sensor fields. The results obtained indicate that a one-size-fits-all approach for the design of maintenance efficient routing protocols does not hold in large deployments of wireless sensor networks. However, savings of up to 50% in maintenance cost were observed through simple modifications of the forwarding strategy.
Service-Oriented Computing: Bringing Business Systems to the Web
Authors: Yann Le Blevec, Chirine Ghedira, Djamal Benslimane, Xavier Delatte
Venue: IT Professional (2007)

As more business is done online, companies must realize the new opportunities that Web services technology can offer by cost effectively opening their information systems to their business partners.
iDesign: An Intelligent Design Framework for Service Innovation
Authors: Wei-Feng Tung, Soe-Tysr Yuan
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

With the trend of service and experience economy, emerging service science is perfectly poised for service innovation. The classifying framework (iDesign) proposed in this research is an approach roadmap to fulfill valued service innovation with an ecological perspective. The framework identifies two dimensions (continuity of co-production and mutual adaptability), characterizing the service exchange involved. The novelty of iDesign is that it is based on the notion of species (partners) interacting with each other ecologically (in which value co-production is unfolded with different forms of mutualism, driven by mutual adaptability associated with the behaviors of customers and producers). This paper can be viewed as a visionary research for new thinking in relation to e-service processes in services science. Providers and customers accomplish service design, fulfilling value co-production and mutual adaptability, by means of a set of particular criteria of performance (i.e., ED, UR, PR).
Facial Range Image Matching Using the ComplexWavelet Structural Similarity Metric
Authors: Shalini Gupta, Mehul P. Sampat, Mia K. Markey, Alan C. Bovik, Zhou Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2007)

We propose a novel 3D face recognition algorithm based on facial range image matching using the complex wavelet structural similarity metric (CW-SSIM) metric. Compared with many existing 3D surface matching methods, CWSSIM is computationally efficient and is robust to small geometrical distortions. Using a data set that contains 360 3D face models of 12 subjects, we tested the performance of the proposed method and compared it with existing 3D surface matching based face recognition algorithms. Verification and identification performance of each algorithm was evaluated by means of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the cumulative match characteristic curve. Among the algorithms tested, the proposed algorithm based on the CW-SSIM resulted in the best overall performance with an equal error rate of 9.13% and a rank 1 recognition rate of 98.6%, significantly better than all the other algorithms. Besides the introduction of a novel approach for 3D face recognition, this is also the first attempt to expand the application scope of complex wavelet domain similarity measure to range image matching in general.
The contribution of consonants versus vowels to word recognition in fluent speech
Authors: R. A. Cole
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

Three perceptual experiments were conducted to test the relative importance of vowels vs. consonants to recognition of fluent speech. Sentences were selected from the TIMIT corpus to obtain approximately equal numbers of vowels and consonants within each sentence and equal durations across the set of sentences. In experiments 1 and 2, subjects listened to (a) unaltered TIMIT sentences; (b) sentences in which all of the vowels were replaced by noise; or (c) sentences in which all of the consonants were replaced by noise. The subjects listened to each sentence five times, and attempted to transcribe what they heard. The results of these experiments show that recognition of words depends more upon vowels than consonants-about twice as many words are recognized when vowels are retained in the speech. The effect was observed when occurrences of [1], [r], [w], [y] [m], [n], were included in the sentences (experiment 1) or replaced by noise (experiment 2). Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that vowel boundaries contain more information about the neighboring consonants than vice versa.
Contour tracking of an unknown planar object by regulating force for mobile robot navigation
Authors: Seul Jung, Poongwoo Jeon, T. C. Hsia
Venue: Robotica (2007)

In this paper, a novel contour-tracking control method of an unknown planar object by lateral force regulation for wheeled mobile robot navigation is presented. The robot is required to follow the contour of an unknown object toward the goal position. Based on mobile robot dynamic equations, a force-control algorithm is proposed to maintain constant contact with a planar object. Measured contact force from an object is used not only to regulate a contact force in a lateral direction, but also to control the orientation angle of the robot to avoid collision with an object. Simulation and experiment of contour-tracking tasks of a wheeled mobile robot are conducted. Experimental results show that the contact force is well-regulated, and the robot arrives at the goal position successfully.
Spread in Alpha-Particle-Induced Soft-Error Rate of 90-nm Embedded SRAMs
Authors: Tino Heijmen
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (2007)

In the accelerated soft-error rate (SER) testing of embedded SRAMs usually only a few samples of a given device are tested, often only for a checkerboard data pattern and at the nominal supply voltage. In this paper it is demonstrated, using a 90-nm test vehicle, that there is a significant sample-to-sample variation in SER and a strong dependency on the data state of the bit-cell. The well-known voltage dependency causes an additional spread in the observed SER. Samples processed in different corners show a small but significant variation, which is not directly linked to speed. Simulations show that this variation is not caused by a spread in the critical charge, but is due to a difference in charge collection efficiency. The observed spread in SER tends to increase with technology scaling and should be taken into account when an SRAM technology is characterized.
An architectural trade capability using the Ptolemy kernel
Authors: E. K. Pauer
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

A perennial problem in the process of developing signal processing systems is identifying an architecture which meets the computational and memory needs of the algorithm yet is still affordable in terms of cost, size, and complexity. To aid in making this decision, an architecture trade tool, using the Ptolemy kernel, has been developed. The purpose of this tool is to provide the user with an easy mechanism of specifying a mapping of algorithmic functional blocks onto an architecture, and simulating its performance. The goal is to allow the user to quickly evaluate many architectures and mappings at a high-level to determine whether or not they satisfy basic criteria, and warrant further investigation. These criteria include computational and memory requirements as well as other system metrics (e.g. size, power, and reliability, etc.) which are often important in selecting an architecture.
An experimental study of speaker verification sensitivity to computer voice-altered imposters
Authors: B. L. Pellom
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

This paper investigates the relative sensitivity of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based voice verification algorithm to computer voice-altered imposters. First, a new trainable speech synthesis algorithm based on trajectory models of the speech line spectral frequency (LSF) parameters is presented in order to model the spectral characteristics of a target voice. A GMM based speaker verifier is then constructed for the 138 speaker YOHO database and shown to have an initial equal-error rate (EER) of 1.45% for the case of casual imposter attempts using a single combination-lock phrase test. Next, imposter voices are automatically altered using the synthesis algorithm to mimic the customer's voice. After voice transformation, the false acceptance rate is shown to increase from 1.45% to over 86% if the baseline EER threshold is left unmodified. Furthermore, at a customer false rejection rate of 25%, the false acceptance rate for the voice-altered imposter remains as high as 34.6%.
Worst-Case Response Time Analysis of Real-Time Tasks under Fixed-Priority Scheduling with Deferred Preemption Revisited
Authors: Reinder J. Bril, Johan J. Lukkien, Wim F. J. Verhaegh
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (2007)

Fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption (FPDS) has been proposed in the literature as a viable alternative to fixed-priority preemptive scheduling (FPPS), that both reduces the cost of arbitrary preemptions and removes the need for non-trivial resource access protocols. This paper shows that existing worst-case response time analysis of hard real-time tasks under FPDS, arbitrary phasing and relative deadlines at most equal to periods is both pessimistic and optimistic. This paper provides a revised analysis, resolving the problems with the existing approaches. The analysis assumes a continuous scheduling model. It is shown that the critical instant, longest busy period, and worst-case response time for a task are suprema rather than maxima for all tasks, except for the lowest priority task. Moreover, it is shown that the analysis is not uniform for all tasks, i.e. the analysis for the lowest priority task differs from the analysis of the other tasks, because only the lowest priority task cannot be blocked. To build on earlier work, the worst-case response time analysis for FPDS is expressed in terms of known worst-case analysis results for FPPS. The paper includes pessimistic variants of the analysis, which are uniform for all tasks.
A novel document similarity measure based on earth mover's distance
Authors: Xiaojun Wan
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2007)

In this paper we propose a novel measure based on the earth mover's distance (EMD) to evaluate document similarity by allowing many-to-many matching between subtopics. First, each document is decomposed into a set of subtopics, and then the EMD is employed to evaluate the similarity between two sets of subtopics for two documents by solving the transportation problem. The proposed measure is an improvement of the previous OM-based measure, which allows only one-to-one matching between subtopics. Experiments have been performed on the TDT3 dataset to evaluate existing similarity measures and the results show that the EMD-based measure outperforms the optimal matching (OM) based measure and all other measures. In addition to the TextTiling algorithm, the sentence clustering algorithm is adopted for document decomposition, and the experimental results show that the proposed EMD-based measure does not rely on the document decomposition algorithm and thus it is more robust than the OM-based measure.
Exploring the ethical, legal, and social aspects of the computing discipline
Authors: J. Murtagh
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

Computer science professionals must be prepared to handle ethical, in addition to technical, challenges. Situations in industry demand this-and the Computer Science Accreditation Board (CSAB) requires that undergraduate programs address it. This paper describes a course which helps prepare students to face these ethical challenges. CS 400, Computer Science Seminar, is a one credit hour graded course taken by our computer science majors in their last semester of undergraduate study. The course addresses the ethical, legal, and social aspects of the computing discipline. Students are exposed to some of the ethical challenges they might face in their careers as computer scientists through case studies, assigned journal readings, and guest speakers. We also discuss graduate study in computer science, membership in professional societies and the importance of reading journals to stay current in this fast-moving field. This paper presents an overview and then describes the implementation of this seminar program.
Fast Numerical Methods for Bernoulli Free Boundary Problems
Authors: Christopher M. Kuster, Pierre A. Gremaud, Rachid Touzani
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2007)

The numerical solution of the free boundary Bernoulli problem is addressed. An iterative method based on a level-set formulation and boundary element method is proposed. Issues related to the implementation, the accuracy, and the generality of the method are discussed. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated by numerical results.
A New Rate-based Active Queue Management: Adaptive Virtual Queue RED
Authors: Do J. Byun, John S. Baras
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research (2007)

In an effort to improve performance of congested gateways, a new Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm, Adaptive Virtual Queue Random Early Detection (AVQRED), was developed by feeding virtual queue size to the RED algorithm. The objective of the new algorithm is to improve overall performance by keeping link utilization high, link utilization stable, queueing delay low and consecutive packet drop rate low. This paper shows the objective is met by comparing AVQRED with six other well known AQM methods in a realistic emulation environment. To provide fair comparisons, the AQM parameters are fine-tuned by exploring many different parameter settings via emulations. The emulation results conclude that AVQRED improves overall performance by 8 to 25%. To provide intuitive properties and validate the emulation results, a mathematical model is proposed and fed to MATLAB, and the results from MATLAB and emulations are compared.
Sidh - a Game Based Firefighter Training Simulation
Authors: Per Backlund, Henrik Engstrom, Cecilia Hammar, Mikael Johannesson, Mikael Lebram
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

This paper presents Sidh - a game based firefighter training simulator developed in cooperation between the University of Sk¨ovde and the Swedish Rescue Services Agency. Sidh is based on computer game hardware and software solutions but adds a novel interaction model and gameplay specifically developed for the purpose of training firefighters. The simulator environment is a Cave where the player is interacting with the game through a set of sensors. Players move in the virtual world by movements in the physical world and a substantial physical effort is required to accomplish game tasks. Sidh has been used in a feasibility study where 31 firefighter students have been playing the game and the performance of these students as well as their reflections from using the game have been analyzed. Results from this study show that Sidh is a useful complement to traditional training methods and that the subjects give very high grades on the entertainment value of the game which indicate that this form of training may be self-motivating which is an important issue for voluntary, after-hours training.
Improving the effectiveness of RBF classifier based on a hybrid cost function
Authors: D. Huang, T. W. S. Chow
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2007)

This paper presents a new minimum classification error (MCE)&#x2013;mean square error (MSE) hybrid cost function to enhance the classification ability and speed up the learning process of radial basis function (RBF)-based classifier. Contributed by the MCE function, the proposed cost function enables the RBF-based classifier to achieve an excellent classification performance compared with the conventional MSE function. In addition, certain learning difficulties experienced by the MCE algorithm can be solved in an efficient and simple way. The presented results show that the proposed method exhibits a substantially higher convergence rate compared with the MCE function.
Classification of modulation modes using time-frequency methods
Authors: H. Ketterer
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1999)

This paper proposes a new technique for feature extraction of modulated signals which is based on a pattern recognition approach. The new algorithm uses the cross Margenau-Hill distribution, autoregressive modeling, and amplitude variations to detect phase shifts, frequency shifts, and amplitude shifts, respectively. Our method is capable of classifying PSK2, PSK4, PSK8, PSK16, FSK2, FSK4, QAM8 and OOK signals. Unlike most of the existing decision-theoretic approaches, no explicit a priori information is required by our algorithm. Consequently, the method is suitable for application in a general noncooperative environment. Furthermore, our approach is computationally inexpensive. Simulation results on both synthetic and "real world" short-wave signals show that our approach is robust against noise up to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of approximately 10 dB. A success rate greater than 94 percent is obtained.
A Semantic Preorder on Refinement and Fairness
Authors: X. W. Huang, L. Jiao, W. M. Lu
Venue: Proceedings of the First Joint IEEE/IFIP Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2007)

We suggest a preorder notion for Stable Configuration Structures as a semantic model of concurrent systems. It combines the notions of observation-congruence-like fairness and the refinement operation for the specification and analysis of different levels of abstraction. We prove that our notion can be integrated into a lattice showing the interplay between the interleaving/causal semantics and the timing of choices between different executions.
Hybrid neural networks: An evolutionary approach with local search
Authors: Eduardo Masato Iyoda, Fernando J. Von Zuben
Venue: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering (2002)

Considering computational algorithms available in the literature, associated with supervised learning in feedforward neural networks, a wide range of distinct approaches can be identified. While the adjustment of the connection weights represents an omnipresent stage, the algorithms differ on three basic aspects: the technique chosen to determine the dimension of the multilayer neural network, the procedure adopted to specify the activation functions, and the kind of composition used to produce the output. Advanced learning algorithms should be developed to simultaneously treat all these aspects during learning, and an evolutionary learning algorithm with local search is proposed here. The essence of this approach is a synergy between genetic algorithms and conjugate gradient optimization, operating on a hybrid neural network architecture. As a consequence, the final neural network is automatically generated, and is characterized to be dedicated and computationally parsimonious.
Enhancing DNS Resilience against Denial of Service Attacks
Authors: Vasileios Pappas, Dan Massey, Lixia Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2007)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical Internet infrastructure that provides name to address mapping services. In the past few years, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have targeted the DNS infrastructure and threaten to disrupt this critical service. In this paper we show that the existing DNS can gain significant resilience against DDoS attacks through a simple change to the current DNS operations, by setting longer time-to-live values for a special class of DNS resource records, the infrastructure records. These records are used to navigate the DNS hierarchy and change infrequently. Furthermore, in combination with a set of simple and incrementally deployable record renewal policies, the DNS service availability can be improved by one order of magnitude. Our approach requires neither additional physical resources nor any change to the existing DNS design. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed enhancement by using DNS traces collected from multiple locations.