ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Automatic Thresholding of Micro-CT Trabecular Bone Images
Authors: Yongping Zhang, Zhongkun He, Shaojing Fan, Kejia He, Chen Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

This paper considers the problem associated with the segmentation of trabecular bone image obtained from micro-computed tomography (microCT). The morphometric indices of a 3D bone image, which are associated with the trabecular bone strength, may play an important clinical role in early predictions of osteoporosis onset and in longitudinal studies of different medical treatments for osteoporosis. Correct estimation of morphologic parameters requires accurate segmentation of bone images. In the present approach, a connectivity-preserving threshold algorithm, Connectivity Stable Thresholding (CST), is introduced. The algorithm is based on the coupling of topological parameter Conn.D and geometric parameter structure model index (SMI) to select an optimal threshold. The experimental results indicate that CST gives good results.
A framework for dynamic deformation of uniform elastic two-layer 2D and 3D objects in OpenGL
Authors: Miao Song, Peter Grogono
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference (2008)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a C++-based framework for two-layer uniform facet elastic object for real-time simulation based on physics modeling methods. The two-layered elastic object consists of inner and outer elastic mass-spring surfaces and compressible internal pressure. The density of the inner layer can be set differently from the density of the outer layer; the motion of the inner layer can be opposite to the motion of the outer layer. These special features, which cannot be achieved by a single layered object, result in improved imitation of a soft body, such as tissue's liquid non-uniform deformation. The inertial behavior of the elastic object is well illustrated in environments with gravity and collisions with walls, ceiling, and floor. The collision detection is defined by elastic collision penalty method and the motion of the object is guided by the Ordinary Differential Equation computation. Users can interact with the modeled objects, deform them, and observe the response to their action in real-time and we provide an extensible framework and its implementation for comparative studies of different physical-based modeling and integration algorithm implementations.
MAGIC Broker: A Middleware Toolkit for Interactive Public Displays
Authors: Aiman Erbad, Michael Blackstock, Adrian Friday, Rodger Lea, Jalal Al-Muhtadi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2008)

Large screen displays are being increasingly deployed in public areas for advertising, entertainment, and information display. Recently we have witnessed increasing interest in supporting interaction with such displays using personal mobile devices. To enable the rapid development of public large screen interactive applications, we have designed and developed the MAGIC Broker. The MAGIC Broker provides a set of common abstractions and a RESTful web services protocol to easily program interactive public large screen display applications with a focus on mobile device interactions. We have carried out a preliminary evaluation of the MAGIC Broker via the development of a number of prototypes and believe our toolkit is a valid first step in developing a generic support infrastructure to empower developers of interactive large screen display applications.
Fabrication of 22nm T-gates for HEMT applications
Authors: S. Bentley, X. Li, D. A. J. Moran, I. G. Thayne
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

This paper reports a new method for the fabrication of sub-25nm T-gates for high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). For robust fabrication, it may be advantageous to employ a two-step process where the gate foot and head can be separately defined. The new process uses ZEP520A electron beam resist as a mask for SF"6-based anisotropic reactive ion etching of ICP-deposited silicon nitride to define the gate foot. The gate head structure, defined in PMMA/LOR/UVIII, is then lithographically aligned to the gate foot. All electron beam lithography was performed using a Vistec VB6 UHR EWF tool. The design flexibility, mechanical stability, gate resistance and plasma-induced damage of this new method and its suitability for integration in a HEMT process flow are evaluated in this paper. This work has led to the high-yield fabrication of robust 22nm T-gates.
Beam sampling for the infinite hidden Markov model
Authors: Jurgen Van Gael, Yunus Saatci, Yee Whye Teh, Zoubin Ghahramani
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (2008)

The infinite hidden Markov model is a non-parametric extension of the widely used hidden Markov model. Our paper introduces a new inference algorithm for the infinite Hidden Markov model called beam sampling. Beam sampling combines slice sampling, which limits the number of states considered at each time step to a finite number, with dynamic programming, which samples whole state trajectories efficiently. Our algorithm typically outperforms the Gibbs sampler and is more robust. We present applications of iHMM inference using the beam sampler on changepoint detection and text prediction problems.
Towards Formal Specification of Abstract Security Properties
Authors: Antonio Maña, Gimena Pujol
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

Formal methods, especially in the field of model checking, have been used traditionally to analyse security solutions in order to determine whether they fulfil certain properties. Practical results have proven the suitability and advantages of the use of formal approaches for this purpose. However, in these works the definition of the different security properties shows two main problems: (i) properties are frequently assumed to have a universal definition; and (ii) the definition of security properties is strongly dependent on the underlying verification model. In this paper we introduce a different approach to the formal specification of security properties. We argue that security properties should be defined in formal, intuitive and abstract terms, and that reasoning mechanisms must exist for these specifications in order to relate different properties. Our goal is to reason about properties in order to guarantee interoperability of these properties and consequently of the solutions complying with them.
Cyclic games and linear programming
Authors: Sergei Vorobyov
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2008)

New efficient algorithms for solving infinite-duration two-person adversary games with the decision problem inNP@?coNP, based on linear programming (LP), LP-representations, combinatorial LP, linear complementarity problem (LCP), controlled LP are surveyed.
Access for all
Authors: Peggy Aycinena
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2008)

Accessible technologies are improving the lives of millions of physically impaired people around the world.
Simulation based verification of energy storage architectures for higher class tags supported by energy harvesting devices
Authors: A. Janek, C. Trummer, C. Steger, R. Weiss, J. Preishuber-Pfluegl, M. Pistauer
Venue: Microprocessors Microsystems (2008)

Enhanced RFID tag technology especially in the UHF frequency range provides an extended functionality like high operating range and sensing and monitoring capabilities. Such complex functionality requires extended system structures including data acquisition units, real time clocks and active transmitters that cause a high energy consumption of the tag and require an on-board energy store (battery). Since the lifetime is a key parameter for the reliability of an RFID system, the energy budget of the higher class tag has to be as balanced as possible. This can be achieved by using energy harvesting devices as additional power supplies. The PowerTag project and thus this paper propose special energy storage structures, which interface energy harvesting devices and deal with their special requirements to be used with battery-driven higher class UHF RFID tags. Different implementation variants of such structures are compared by using accurate simulation models of various parts of the system. The results of the simulation are compared to provided manufacturer performance parameters of a state-of-the-art higher class UHF RFID system.
Smart Card-Based Three-Party Key Exchange without Server's Assisitance
Authors: Yong Hun Kim, Taek Young Youn, Young Ho Park, Seok Hee Hong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

Three-party password-authenticated key exchange protocol is a cryptographic tool that allows two clients to share a common session key using different passwords by the help of a trusted server. In a three-party key exchange protocol, the server should charge some cost to participate in an execution of the protocol between two clients, and the cost can be heavy burden on the server when many users want to establish a session key. In this paper, we propose a smart card-based three-party key exchange protocol which permits two clients to establish a common session key without the server's aid.
Constructing Augmented Multimode Compactors
Authors: Emil Gizdarski
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium (2008)

In this paper, a new space compactor, called an augmented multimode compactor, is presented. Accordingly, scan chains are separated into groups using t orthogonal partitions. The augmented multimode compactor has three modes such that all scan chains, a group of scan chains and an intersection of two groups of scan chains is selected for compression. Respectively, 1, kt-1 and any number of unknown states per shift-out cycle can be tolerated in these modes where k is the number of the compactor outputs assigned for observation of each scan chain. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed principles for constructing fully X-tolerant compactors. In the range of 0 to 10 percent of unknown states in test responses, the proposed scheme achieved the same or up to 3 times better observability than the fully X-tolerant combinational compactor.
Understanding of human behaviors from videos in nursing care monitoring systems
Authors: Chin-De Liu, Pau-Choo Chung, Yi-Nung Chung, Monique Thonnat
Venue: Journal of High Speed Networks (2007)

This paper addresses the issue in scenario-based understanding of human behavior from videos in a nursing care monitoring system. The analysis is carried out based on experiments consisting of single-state scenarios and multi-state scenarios where the former monitors activities under contextual contexts for elementary behavior reasoning, while the latter dictating the elementary behavior order for behavior reasoning, with a priori knowledge in system profile for normality detection. By integrating the activities, situation context, and profile knowledge we can have a better understanding of patients in a monitoring system. In activity recognition, a Negation-Selection mechanism is developed. which employs a divide-and-conquer concept with the Negation using posture transition to preclude the negative set from the activities. The Selection that follows the Negation uses a moving history trace for activity recognition. Such a history trace composes not only the pose from single frame, but also history trajectory information. As a result, the activity can be more accurately identified. The developed approach has been established into a nursing care monitoring system for elder's daily life behaviors. Results have shown the promise of the approach which can accurately interpret 85% of the regular daily behavior. In addition, the approach is also applied to accident detection which was found to have 90% accuracy with 0% false alarm.
A Fuzzy-Based Transport Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Neng-Chung Wang, Yung-Fa Huang, Wei-Lun Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network that does not have a fixed infrastructure. Because this kind of network uses wireless connections for communication, traditional transport protocol for wired networks is not suitable for MANETs. In this paper, we propose an improved transport protocol (ITP) to enhance the efficiency of the transport protocol in MANETs. In ITP, we use a rate-based transmission scheme with fuzzy logic control to tune the proper data rate. ITP gets the MAC layer information and uses a fuzzy logic controller to estimate the appropriate data rate for transmission. Then ITP uses a feedback scheme to adjust data flow by receiving a feedback packet. The difference between traditional TCP and ITP is that ITP adjusts its transmission rate using the received packet instead of the acknowledgments or lost packets. Simulation results show that the proposed ITP outperforms TCP and ATP.
Using topic map standard to deploy a knowledge repository of melanoma case images for diagnosis support
Authors: A. Papastergiou, G. Grammatikopoulos, A. Hatzigaidas, Z. Zaharis, P. Lazaridis, D. Kampitaki, G. Tryfon, D. Ioannidis
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Man-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (2006)

Malignant melanoma is one of the most serious forms of skin cancer. Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma may be a crucial factor in its prognosis. There is an ongoing research to provide advanced and efficient methods for diagnostic support to dermatologists. The purpose of this work is to exploit how topic map standard, a semantic web technology, could be applied to manage dermoscopic images, associated medical findings and clinical data in order to develop a functional diagnosis support system in the field of malignant melanoma cases.
Control System of an Electrical Treatment Chair for E.N.T. Doctor
Authors: Rongguo Yan, Anmin Peng, HaiMing Xie, Bin Ge, Zhaoyan Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

The treatment chair includes a chair-seat and a chair-back from mechanics, which are both controlled by a linear actuator respectively. Thus, after the mechanical principle of the treatment chair is introduced, we present a control system and its control schematics in detail. Functionally, the control system takes advantage of all buttons on the control panel for the treatment chair and four foot-pedal-switches to control the movements of the linear actuators, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the chair-seat up or down, and the chair-back elevated or depressed. How to set all functions of the treatment chair is also given at the end of the paper.
Haj&oacute;s constructions of critical graphs
Authors: Tommy R. Jensen, Gordon F. Royle
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (1999)

For every k &ge; 4 there exists a k-critical graph that is not Haj&oacute;s-k-constructible through a sequence of k-critical graphs. This completely answers a question of G. Haj&oacute;s, which has been answered previously only for k = 8 with an example given by P. Catlin. Also the corresponding problem for Ore's construction has the analogous answer for all k &ge; 4. &copy; 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 30: 37&ndash;5, 1999
Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the TMS320C6713 and TMS320C6416 DSK (Topics in Digital Signal Processing), 2 edition
Authors: Rulph Chassaing, Donald Reay
Venue:  (2008)

Now in a new edition-the most comprehensive, hands-on introduction to digital signal processing The first edition of Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the TMS320C6713 and TMS320C6416 DSK is widely accepted as the most extensive text available on the hands-on teaching of Digital Signal Processing (DSP). Now, it has been fully updated in this valuable Second Edition to be compatible with the latest version (3.1) of Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio (CCS) development environment. Maintaining the original's comprehensive, hands-on approach that has made it an instructor's favorite, this new edition also features: * Added program examples that illustrate DSP concepts in real-time and in the laboratory * Expanded coverage of analog input and output * New material on frame-based processing * A revised chapter on IIR, which includes a number of floating-point example programs that explore IIR filters more comprehensively * More extensive coverage of DSP/BIOS * All programs listed in the text-plus additional applications-which are available on a companion CD-ROM No other book provides such an extensive or comprehensive set of program examples to aid instructors in teaching DSP in a laboratory using audio frequency signals-making this an ideal text for DSP courses at the senior undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It also serves as a valuable resource for researchers, DSP developers, business managers, and technology solution providers who are looking for an overview and examples of DSP algorithms implemented using the TMS320C6713 and TMS320C6416 DSK.
Embedded Systems Research: Missed Opportunities
Authors: Bran V. Selic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (2008)

Real-time and embedded systems research has mostly focused on low-level infrastructure issues at the interfaces between software and hardware. In this brief summary, we identify an additional research opportunity to develop a theory of complex real-time system design.
Detection of irregularities in regular patterns
Authors: Jarkko Vartiainen, Albert Sadovnikov, Joni-Kristian Kamarainen, Lasse Lensu, Heikki K&#x00e4;lvi&#x00e4;inen
Venue: Machine Vision and Applications (2008)

Regular patterns, as defined in this study, are found in areas of industry and science, for example, halftone raster patterns used in the printing industry and crystal lattice structures in solid state physics. The need for quality inspection of products containing regular patterns has aroused interest in the application of machine vision for automatic inspection. Quality inspection typically corresponds to detecting abnormalities, defined as irregularities in this case. In this study, the problem of irregularity detection is described in analytical form and three different detection methods are proposed. All the methods are based on characteristics of the Fourier transform to compactly represent regular information. The Fourier transform enables the separation of regular and irregular parts of an input image. The three methods presented are shown to differ in their generality and computational complexities.
Practical pluggable types for java
Authors: Matthew M. Papi, Mahmood Ali, Telmo Luis Correa,  Jr., Jeff H. Perkins, Michael D. Ernst
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international symposium on Software testing and analysis (2008)

This paper introduces the Checker Framework, which supports adding pluggable type systems to the Java language in a backward-compatible way. A type system designer defines type qualifiers and their semantics, and a compiler plug-in enforces the semantics. Programmers can write the type qualifiers in their programs and use the plug-in to detect or prevent errors. The Checker Framework is useful both to programmers who wish to write error-free code, and to type system designers who wish to evaluate and deploy their type systems. The Checker Framework includes new Java syntax for expressing type qualifiers; declarative and procedural mechanisms for writing type-checking rules; and support for flow-sensitive local type qualifier inference and for polymorphism over types and qualifiers. The Checker Framework is well-integrated with the Java language and toolset. We have evaluated the Checker Framework by writing 5 checkers and running them on over 600K lines of existing code. The checkers found real errors, then confirmed the absence of further errors in the fixed code. The case studies also shed light on the type systems themselves.
A Power Management mechanism for Handheld Systems having a Multimedia Accelerator
Authors: Junho Ahn, Junghi Min, Hojung Cha, Rhan Ha
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2008)

Recently the demand on high graphic ability has increased in handheld systems due to multimedia or game application. Conventional DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) methods focus on reducing energy consumption of CPU. They didn't consider the influence of multimedia accelerators to make DVS policies. From the preliminary experiment, we found that the conventional DVS algorithm is not optimal to a system with a multimedia accelerator in context of reducing energy consumption of the system. We propose a power management mechanism that guarantees both QoS and reduction of energy consumption by considering the relation between the frequencies of the CPU and the frequencies of the multimedia accelerator. The proposed mechanism is a DVS technique in context of multimedia accelerator. We experimented the proposed mechanism on a testbed equipped with Intel XScale processor and Intel 2700G multimedia accelerator. The experimental result shows that the proposed method reduces energy consumption of the system as much as by 33% compared to conventional CPU-only DVS algorithms.
Evaluating a middleware for crossmedia games
Authors: Fernando Trinta, Davi Pedrosa, Carlos Ferraz, Geber Ramalho
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Middleware for pervasive and ad-hoc computing: held at the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 8th International Middleware Conference (2007)

Crossmedia games are a genre of pervasive gaming where a single game instance can be played with a variety of heterogeneous devices that support different forms of players' participation and deliver different game experiences. In this paper, we present the PM2G initiative, a Service-Oriented Architecture aiming at supporting crossmedia games' development and execution. Due to their relevance in this document, Content Adaptation and Interaction Adaptation Services are detailed. We also present a case study, a game called Pervasive Wizards, which is used to validate our architecture. Finally, we also present some performance results obtained in our experiments.
Retrieval and feedback models for blog feed search
Authors: Jonathan L. Elsas, Jaime Arguello, Jamie Callan, Jaime G. Carbonell
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Blog feed search poses different and interesting challenges from traditional ad hoc document retrieval. The units of retrieval, the blogs, are collections of documents, the blog posts. In this work we adapt a state-of-the-art federated search model to the feed retrieval task, showing a significant improvement over algorithms based on the best performing submissions in the TREC 2007 Blog Distillation task[12]. We also show that typical query expansion techniques such as pseudo-relevance feedback using the blog corpus do not provide any significant performance improvement and in many cases dramatically hurt performance. We perform an in-depth analysis of the behavior of pseudo-relevance feedback for this task and develop a novel query expansion technique using the link structure in Wikipedia. This query expansion technique provides significant and consistent performance improvements for this task, yielding a 22% and 14% improvement in MAP over the unexpanded query for our baseline and federated algorithms respectively.