ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
DOTSYS III: A portable braille translator
Authors: J. E. Sullivan
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

The subject of braille translation is not a widely familiar one, so that a brief introduction to that topic would seem to be in order before taking up DOTSYS III. Most people know what braille is in general&mdash;a coding system employing raised dots so that the sense of touch alone suffices to read. However, contrary to the impression one gets from those little cards, the most widely used codes are not &ldquo;substitution ciphers&rdquo;&mdash;that is, the braille equivalent of a given &ldquo;ink-print&rdquo; text is generally not a simple transliteration but rather a kind of translation. This is because the rules for transcription involve not only the spelling of words, but also their syllabification and pronounciation. And since these occasionally vary with the meaning of the word (e.g., the verb &ldquo;do&rdquo; and the musical note &ldquo;do&rdquo;) the transcriber must understand what he is transcribing, at least at a superficial semantic level. This is characteristics of translation, although of course the process is not nearly as difficult as the translation of one natural language to another.
A time-sharing budget control system
Authors: W. H. Eichelberger
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

The University of Denver has had a punched-card accounting system for many years. It has grown from an IBM 402 through a 407 to a 1401 with very little change in the system. Meanwhile, on the other side of the campus a modern Computing Center has been developed, with a Burroughs B5500 including time-sharing facilities and a large disk file. During this period, the University enrollment and annual budget have grown, and the card-oriented system can no longer provide the timely information and the variety of reports and summaries needed. In the spring of 1967 it was decided to begin conversion of all of the University financial systems to the B5500. This course was chosen instead of expanding the 1401 system because of the high cost of duplication of such sophisticated equipment and because it was estimated that it would not cause a significant increase in work load on the B5500.
A brief description of JOVIAL
Authors: T. E. Cheatham,  Jr.
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

JOVIAL (Jules' Own Version of the International Algebraic Language) was one of the first programming languages developed primarily to aid in programming large complex real time systems. Today it remains a major language for these applications and versions of JOVIAL have been implemented on dozens of different computers. The language and its compilers have been developed primarily by the Systems Development Corporation. JOVIAL was based on Algol-58 but includes numerous features not in Algol (58 or 60) which make it particularly useful for programming large scale systems. The most important of these is the COMPOOL (communications POOL), a central repository of data descriptions which permits programmers to reference data items without concerns as to how they are represented on some particular computer.
Requirements for student programs in the undergraduate computer science curriculum: How much is enough?
Authors: Lionel E. Deimel,  Jr., Mark Pozefsky
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

Student-written programs accepted by computer science instructors are usually inferior to programs which exemplify currently-accepted &ldquo;good&rdquo; professional practice. Although enforcing more rigorous standards for programs places an additional burden on students and faculty alike, substantial benefits may be gained thereby. The natureand implementation of such standards are discussed.
Computer-based readability indexes
Authors: Douglas R. McCallum, James L. Peterson
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

Computer-based document preparation systems provide many aids to the production of quality documents. A text editor allows arbitrary text to be entered and modified. A text formatter then imposes defined rules on the form of the text. A spelling checker ensures that each word is a correctly spelled word. None of these aids, however, affect the meaning of the document; the document may be well-formatted and correctly spelled but still incomprehensible.
Problems of the information age
Authors: Donald J. Hillman
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

The role of information in the U.S. economy has been increasing in importance in direct proportion to the growth of information technology. The information sector of the economy is now its most rapidly increasing segment. In 1962, the economist Machlup studied the production and distribution of knowledge in the United States. In 1977, Porat estimated that about 46% of the U.S. workforce is now employed in the information sector of the economy. Among other things, this means that more people in the United States are employed in manipulating information than in manufacturing products, providing services, or growing food. The expected continued growth of the information sector implies that society is being transformed by information and its uses. The transformation is such as to make information the real source of economic and political power. The information age, or information society, is thus an era in which the exchange of information will be as critical a function of economic organization as the production of goods. One consequence of this is that information is now being treated as a commodity or a resource comparable to labor and capital. A slightly different view of information is that it conserves other resources through better decisions. What is common to all viewpoints is that by improving our handling of information we will raise private and public productivity.
Research issues in statistical methodology in simulation: A panel Discussion
Authors: Pandu R. Tadikamalla
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

A panel of five leading researchers in the area of statistical methodology in simulation was organized with the expressed purpose of discussing research topics and problems which need to be addressed by the simulation community. These problems reside under the umbrella topics of response surface analysis, design and analysis of simulation experiments, output analysis, and stohastic modeling and generating inputs for simulation studies.
Practical fast polynomial multiplication
Authors: Robert T. Moenck
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1976)

The &ldquo;fast&rdquo; polynomial multiplication algorithms for dense univariate polynomials are those which are asymptotically faster than the classical O(N2) method. These &ldquo;fast&rdquo; algorithms suffer from a common defect that the size of the problem at which they start to be better than the classical method is quite large; so large, in fact that it is impractical to use them in an algebraic manipulation system. A number of techniques are discussed here for improving these fast algorithms. The combination of the best of these improvements results in a Hybrid Mixed Basis FFT multiplication algorithm which has a cross-over point at degree 25 and is generally faster than a basic FFT algorithm, while retaining the desirable O(N log N) timing function of an FFT approach. The application of these methods to multivariate polynomials is also discussed. The use is advocated of the Kronecker Trick to speed up a fast algorithm. This results in a method which has a cross-over point at degree 5 for bivariate polynomials. Both theoretical and empirical computing times are presented for all algorithms discussed.
A computer science program in a business school
Authors: D. R. Chand, R. Techo
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

This paper discusses the development of a computer science program within the Business School of Georgia State University and presents a model for constructing a curriculum for an evolving multidimensional field like computer science. The emphasis is upon the factors that led to a goal oriented approach for curriculum design and its practical advantages.
SALOGS-IV-A program to perform logic simulation and fault diagnosis
Authors: Glenn R. Case, Jerry D. Stauffer
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

The simulation algorithm for multiple logic levels modeling considerations and the network and simulation languages used in SALOGS, Version IV, are discussed. Also presented is the method for fault diagnosis and test sequence generation and the philosophy used in the code development.
The effect of a preliminary programming and problem solving course on performance in a traditional programming course for computer science majors
Authors: Patricia F. Campbell
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1984)

A preliminary PASCAL course which emphasized problem solving was designed for incoming computer science majors who were identified as being at risk. In addition, students in the required PASCAL course could transfer back to the preliminary course prior to the administration of the first examination. Students in the preliminary course were paired with comparable freshman majors from the preceeding academic year. Paired t-tests revealed significantly higher grades in the required course for those students who had previously completed the preliminary course. The preliminary course also served as a filter; approximately 43% of the students did not subsequently attempt the required course. Sex differences in persistence were also noted.
TESTCAP: A management decision-making tool
Authors: John J. Bruggeman, Tom E. Salveson
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1974)

TESTCAP is a powerful new management tool which was specifically developed for decision makers. It quantifies risk, removes uncertainty and increases precision. It's objective is improving the capital investment decision process. This paper describes TESTCAP, its origin, and how it fits in the total resource-commitment decision process.
Record block allocation for retrieval on secondary keys
Authors: Chung-Shu Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Information storage and retrieval (1978)

Query retrieval based on secondary keys is an important operation in retrieval systems. Such a query generally retrieves more than one data record which satisfies the query criterion. This paper studies the problem of record address allocation in disk-like devices so as to facilitate the fast retrieval of a set of records which are jointly accessed by a query. A heuristic scheme, using the proposed minimal access retrieval property, is designed to assign records to blocks. Some experimental results are also presented.
Quantifying software designs
Authors: John Beane, Nancy Giddings, Jon Silverman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

This paper describes an effort to use metrics to evaluate software designs early in the design process. Key facets of the work include a machine processable design notation and the definition of software design metrics. We believe that the future success of building an intelligent software design assistant depends on the ability to quantify attributes of a software design, as well as to have the representation of the design available for automated examination.
Computer-aided communications: New Directions for Higher Education
Authors: Karl L. Zinn
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference (1979)

Computer aids to communication are quite accepted in college teaching and learning activities at the University of Michigan after nearly decade of exploration, development and testing. Computer-based conferencing and other specialized software are used in dozens of classes, seminars, committees and projects. Present usage is limited by availability of terminals, telephones and ports on the timesharing system. The kinds of use as well as the amount will change as personal computers are adopted by college students for writing and communication. Projections of use at the University of Michigan are derived from records of use and interviews with current users of computer conferencinq and other aids to communication. Before the end of the 80's personal computers will be as common a tool in colleges as typewriters and duplicating machines are today. Students and professors will use &ldquo;intellegent typewriters&rdquo; for writing, correspondence, records and other information handling. Cormnunications will be provided by cable and radio as well as telephone. Commercial organizations will offer information and research services as well as entertainment. The effect on education of dramatic improvements in communication will be criticized as much as it is applauded.
Minimizing system delay in synchronous digital backplane designs
Authors: J. C. Sharp
Venue: Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference (1969)

A given placement, interconnection and routing of modules and wires of a backboard design of a synchronous digital system places an upper bound on the associated clock speed. This bound is the &ldquo;system delay&rdquo;, i.e., the longest delay path from a flip-flop output to a flip-flop input. The SD algorithm makes the placement, interconnection (but not routing) decision to give a design with a system delay close to the lower bound. A solution of a modified form of the &ldquo;classical&rdquo; Steinberg 34 module problem is compared with other published results. Extrapolation indicates that significant reduction in system delay can also be obtained with practical designs in reasonable computing time.
Application development and control system (ADACS)
Authors: Rolf Körnemark
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1984)

User friendly applications are very often menu-driven. ADACS (in this paper used as an abbreviation for Application Development and Control System) is such a menu system for APL applications. This paper describes how &bull; menus are made &bull; applications are developed/maintained &bull; applications are executed Using ADACS, application prototypes as well as regular APL-based production systems have been developed. As it is used to develop applications - where the developer is an ADACS end-user - as well as to execute applications generated by ADACS, it is necessary to separate these modes of operation and the kind of people involved. In this text the words programmer and end-user will be used for that separation.
Description of a planned federal information processing standard for transport protocol
Authors: John F. Heafner, Robert P. Blanc
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh symposium on Data communications (1981)

The National Bureau of Standards has developed service and design specifications for transport and session protocols for use in computer system and network procurements. These protocols reside in layers four and five of the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection. This paper describes the services, interfaces, and internal behavior of the transport protocol. The transport (and session) protocol specifications were derived from the most recent developments within ISO on these protocols. Specific features were selected based on the needs of the agencies of the Federal Government within the United States, but they are consistent with the needs of any large organization engaged in the procurement or development of networks of heterogeneous computer systems.
Aspects of large-scale in-core linear programming
Authors: James E. Kalan
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

Unconventional methods for matricial compression indicate that large linear programming constraint matrices may comfortably remain core-resident during optimization. Minor changes in the computational aspects of the simplex algorithm coupled with efficient inverse matrix representation show that the major portion of the inverse in product form of a basis may be embedded in the constraint matrix. A method for generating a sparse inverse matrix is presented.
Analysis of computational systems: An algorithm for Boolean simplification based on three necessary conditions
Authors: M. J. Moortgat
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

IN THIS PAPER three necessary conditions, based on index numbers, for a Boolean function to be minimal are stated and proved. These conditions are then used in an algorithm for finding the minimal form of a Boolean function. The algorithm is fast and simple to use.
Impact of computer technology on communications
Authors: B. R. Jacobellis
Venue: Proceedings of the 1964 19th ACM national conference (1964)

The field of electronic computer technology is new compared to the electrical communication field - yet its impact has already been profound. More startingly is the observation that the impact already witnessed is only a minor encroachment which will find major exploitation in the next ten to fifteen years. Three major areas of impact on the electrical communication field have been selected as representing this important trend. These are: 1. Network performance analysis of a major communication system to effect real time control and engineering improvement. 2. Communication switching center design and design control. 3. Switching center hardware characteristics and functions.
Becun the educational computer user's network at battelle
Authors: Thomas H. Beerman, Gregory S. Jonesku
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE-SIGCUE technical symposium on Computer science and education (1976)

The Educational Computer User's Network at Battelle represents a unique application of the joint-computer-center concept. The program is unique in two respects. First, it is a cooperative effort between a group of Ohio colleges, secondary schools, and a large research-oriented organization. Second, the entire program has proceeded without any federal or other outside financial support. Both Battelle and the schools have participated by utilizing funds available within their own operating budgets. The purpose of this paper is to describe the program and some of its results from the viewpoint of Battelle's Computer Center.
Role of the user as a team member
Authors: Victor Ganon-Garayalde
Venue: Proceedings of the fifteenth annual SIGCPR conference (1977)

This paper describes an experience held at a government owned bank which called computer consultants to deal with their data processing problems one year ago. The bank received approximately five or six proposals and finally chose between two: ours (ASIC Consultores) and Price, Waterhouse and Peat, Co. The work to be done consisted on the systems analysis of the bank, a feasibility study and writing the call for tender for a new machine.
An interactive pattern recognition laboratory (IPRL)
Authors: Starvos Christodoulakis
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1980)

This paper describes an interactive pattern recognition laboratory. The laboratory was designed for both research and teaching. For the researcher, it provides standard pattern recognition functions, a hierarchically organized pattern recognition data base, and a multidimensional graphic display capability. For the student it provides, in addition to the above capabilities, a vehicle for developing new pattern recognition algorithms. In addition to not having to develop support software, the student may compare the performance of his algorithms in the same environment as the existing ones.
How software is really engineered?
Authors: Leon G. Stucki
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

The term software engineering currently ranks high on the list of today's popular buzz words. Yet we still don't agree on its definition and often overlook many pragmatics associated with its use. A software engineering community is emerging which is devoting a great deal of attention to various &ldquo;systematic&rdquo; programming methodologies and automated programming tools. Much of this problem stems from the difficulty of combining theoretically rich technology with an aesthetically unpleasant engineering philosophy. This engineering philosophy espouses doing what appears to be necessary to complete a large project. It is this last point which I would like to explore in the balance of this short paper. This paper will explore various pragmatic aspects of real world projects relating to &ldquo;software engineering.&rdquo; The subsequent panel discussion will serve as a forum for relating specific observations from typical project environments. Extrapolation of these observations to future projects will also be discussed.
A proposal for control structures in APL
Authors: Denis P. Samson
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1984)

An extension to APL is presented that introduces the &ldquo;sequence&rdquo; operator, allowing &ldquo;case&rdquo; and &ldquo;while&rdquo; blocks to be used as general control structures. These fully exploit APL's array-oriented expressivity and allow greater clarity in APL programming.
An array processor for petroleum exploration
Authors: P. Xia, X. Fang, Y. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Liu, C. Li, C. Lin, W. Zhan, Q. Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1981)

A high-speed, floating-point array processor 150AP is described in this paper. It is designed to interface to the host computer 150, a general-purpose computer made in China. The internal organization of 150AP is well suited to perform huge numbers of multiplications and additions required in seismic data processing. The maximum speed is 14M flops. An experimental model has been set up to check the hardware design and is able to run at 20 million operations per second. The 150AP processor is intended to be used in Chinese petroleum exploration.
Backtrack programming in welded girder design
Authors: Albert D. M. Lewis
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual Design Automation Workshop (1968)

The object of engineering design is to satisfy some need of man with the maximization or minimization of some measure of effectiveness of the solution. Common measures of effectiveness are cost, cost-benefit ratio, and profit. In mathematical terminology an object or facility can be described by a list or vector of parameter values. The position of each element in the vector associates it with a particular parameter. The performance of the object or facility and the constraints imposed on the performance are described by a set of equalities and inequalities called the design equations. The effectiveness of the solution is indicated by the value obtained by evaluating an objective function with the design parameter values. The object of the design process is to determine the vector of parameter values, the optimum solution, which satisfies the design equations and maximizes or minimizes, as appropriate, the value of the objective function. There are a number of mathematical procedures which are useful in optimization problems. However, most methods are applicable only to particular classes of problems. The application of linear programming, for example, is limited to problems in which the design variables are involved only in linear relationships. Dynamic programming is applicable to problems in which there is a sequential flow of information. Gradient search methods are useful in many problems, but may lead to incorrect results if the function is not unimodal. Difficulties are encountered also if one or more of the parameters are defined only at discrete values. Backtrack programming, 2,3on the other hand, is generally applicable to optimization problems including those for which more specialized techniques are available. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the application of backtrack programming to the design of welded plate girders.