ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A fuzzy approach to visibility maps creation over digital terrains
Authors: Marcello A. Anile, Primo Furno, Giovanni Gallo, Alessandro Massolo
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2003)

The construction of inter-visibility models for a terrain is an important tool for environmental and animal studies. Efficient crisp algorithms are known to address this problem directly on a raster digital elevation map (DEM) of the study area. Randomness plays an important role: several factors like vegetation, height of the observer, presence of unmapped human artifacts, etc. cannot be modeled in advance into a traditional DEM model. We propose the use of fuzzy terrain models to incorporate uncertainty and unpredictable variability of the landscape. Accordingly, we propose a suitable definition of visibility to obtain intervisibility models. An algorithm that uses approximation of fuzzy numbers with a discrete family of intervals is proposed.The proposed model produces sound results and can be extended to model complex situations like triangulating a radio source using two directional receivers. All of these situations are difficult to manage with a precise stochastic model and are a frequent occurrence in animal behavior studies under field conditions. The proposed techniques have been implemented inside a user-friendly software package that may easily exchange data with the most common GISs. We report also some experimental results obtained using over artificial terrain under controlled noise and under-sampling conditions.
Progressive evaluation of nested aggregate queries
Authors: Kian-Lee Tan, Cheng Hian Goh, Beng Chin Ooi
Venue: The VLDB Journal &mdash; The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases (2000)

In many decision-making scenarios, decision makers require rapid feedback to their queries, which typically involve aggregates. The traditional blocking execution model can no longer meet the demands of these users. One promising approach in the literature, called online aggregation, evaluates an aggregation query progressively as follows: as soon as certain data have been evaluated, approximate answers are produced with their respective running confidence intervals; as more data are examined, the answers and their corresponding running confidence intervals are refined. In this paper, we extend this approach to handle nested queries with aggregates (i.e., at least one inner query block is an aggregate query) by providing users with (approximate) answers progressively as the inner aggregation query blocks are evaluated. We address the new issues pose by nested queries. In particular, the answer space begins with a superset of the final answers and is refined as the aggregates from the inner query blocks are refined. For the intermediary answers to be meaningful, they have to be interpreted with the aggregates from the inner queries. We also propose a multi-threaded model in evaluating such queries: each query block is assigned to a thread, and the threads can be evaluated concurrently and independently. The time slice across the threads is nondeterministic in the sense that the user controls the relative rate at which these subqueries are being evaluated. For enumerative nested queries, we propose a priority-based evaluation strategy to present answers that are certainly in the final answer space first, before presenting those whose validity may be affected as the inner query aggregates are refined. We implemented a prototype system using Java and evaluated our system. Results for nested queries with a level and multiple levels of nesting are reported. Our results show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms in providing progressive feedback that reduces the initial waiting time of users significantly without sacrificing the quality of the answers.
Spectral analysis of New York stock market prices
Authors: Clive W. J. Granger, Oskar Morgenstern
Venue: Essays in econometrics: Spectral analysis, seasonality, nonlinearity, methodology, and forecasting (2001)

New York stock price series are analyzed by a new statistical technique. It is found that short-run movements of the series obey the simple random walk hypothesis proposed by earlier writers, but that the long-run components are of greater importance than suggested by this hypothesis. The seasonal variation and the "business-cycle" components are shown to be of tittle or no importance and a surprisingly small connection was found between the amount of stocks sold and the stock price series.
A New Heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Roberto Wolfler Calvo
Venue: Transportation Science (2000)

The aim of this paper is to present a new heuristic method for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows, based on the solution of an auxiliary problem. The idea is to solve an assignment problem with an ad hoc objective function to obtain a solution close enough to a feasible solution of the original problem. Given this solution, made by a long main tour containing the depot and few small subtours, it is easy to insert all the subtours into the main path using a greedy insertion procedure. The algorithm described applies the proposed constructive scheme and then uses a local search procedure to improve the initial solution. The computational results show the effectiveness of this approach.
Shared classes
Authors: Per Brinch Hansen
Venue: The origin of concurrent programming: from semaphores to remote procedure calls (2002)

The author discusses the close relationship between data and operations and suggests that a compiler should be able to check that data structures are accessed by meaningful procedures only. This idea leads to the introduction of shared classes--a programming notation for the monitor concept. The notation is illustrated by a message buffer for concurrent processes.
Streaming format software for usability testing
Authors: Michael Lister
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

Audio and video capture for qualitative usability testing requires multiple video sources to be synchronized for subsequent playback along with any required test data. Windows Media Player 9 is limited to playing only single video streams. This paper describes the architecture of a software system that has been developed to overcome the single stream of video and allow multiple synchronized audio, video and data streams suitable for usability testing. Post processing and the practical application of using multi-stream software tool in usability testing are then discussed with example qualitative testing situations.
Global Uniqueness Tests and Performance Bounds for \boldmath$H^\infty$ Optima
Authors: J. William Helton, Marshall A. Whittlesey
Venue: SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization (2003)

Optimization of sup norm--type performance functions over the space of $H^\infty$ functions is central to the subject of $H^\infty$ design, that is, design where stability is the key constraint. Problems with large amounts of plant uncertainty are often highly nonconvex and therefore may have many solutions. In this paper, even for highly nonconvex problems, we give a test one can perform, once a local optimum f* has been computed, to see if it is a global optimum. The uniqueness phenomena we discovered uses $H^\infty$ properties heavily and are considerably stronger than what occurs in other types of general optimization. Also, even when f* may not be a global optimum we give a way to use it to bound the best performance possible.Uniqueness results are valuable for assuring an engineer that a local optimum obtained in a computer run is in fact a true global optimum. This can save a practitioner a lot of time and anguish in that it replaces the usual process of initializing an optimization run many times to see if it always goes to the same local optimum; and even after vast numbers of experiments never being sure.One of the least intuitive properties of SISO (single input, single output) control is that a (local) optimum for a carefully set up $H^\infty$ problem (cf. Theorem 9.4.1 in [J. W. Helton and O. Merino, Classical Control Using $H^\infty$ Methods: Theory, Optimization, and Design, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1998], [J. W. Helton and D. E. Marshall, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 39 (1990), pp. 157--184]) even with large amounts of plant uncertainty is unique. Such problems are quite nonconvex, so the fact is surprising. While the result is false in general for MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) control (cf. [J. W. Helton and O. Merino, Michigan Math. J., 41 (1994), pp. 285--287]), in this note we are describing MIMO situations where uniqueness holds.The setting in this paper is simultaneous (Pareto) optimization of several competing performances $\Gamma_1, \dots , \Gamma_\ell$ and we obtain uniqueness results for its solutions.
Recognition of planar shapes by a semi-differential invariant for moving triangles
Authors: Kumiko Tsuji, Miki Aoyagi
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

Consider the recognition of planar contours of several moving triangles using pictures taken by camera. Our new idea is that we take pictures of not only rotated triangles but also image trajectories of circles placed properly. We apply this method to the recognition of three-dimensional tetrahedrons by showing that each angle between two face planes is measured only from the circles on face triangles in addition to recognizing face triangles. The method uses the semi-differential invariance for pseudo-perspective projection which can recognize local figures.
Co-experience: the social user experience
Authors: Katja Battarbee
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This paper presents a critical view of existing models of user experience. These models view experience as the subjective response in the individual's mind. While designers and developers have to try to provide a satisfying user experience, the means to do so remain limited. This paper presents a missing aspect of user experience. Experience can be seen as an individual's reaction, but also as something constructed in social interaction. Designed artifacts, especially personal communication and digital media products, environments and systems can facilitate this kind of use. "Co-experience" is the experience that users themselves create together in social interaction.
The object-oriented paradigm: more natural or less familiar?
Authors: Bruce J. Neubauer, Dwight D. Strong
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

It is commonly claimed by proponents of object-oriented programming that because objects exist all around us object-oriented programming is "more natural" than procedural programming. This paper purports that humans are predisposed to think procedurally and hierarchically, making the object-oriented paradigm less intuitive and somewhat more challenging to teach. Teaching strategies and future research are suggested.
Teaching E-business with enterprise Javabeans
Authors: Lorie Ilene Moffitt
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

E-business is a hot new topic being taught today in Computer Science departments. E-business is a broad subject that includes e-commerce, but covers more than just the selling of goods. E-business can be a difficult course to teach, in that both business and technological topics must be discussed. Business departments also teach e-business courses. The Computer Science courses focus on programming skills, while Business courses focus more on management issues. It is important for Computer Science professors to know what to teach in a Computer Science e-business course. A Computer Science e-business course should teach students how to build an e-business with the technologies that exists.To teach students how to implement an e-business, the professors must be knowledgeable about the tools they can use to do so. This tutorial will demonstrate one way to teach e-business with a popular technology called Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB). EJBs are distributed components that encapsulate business logic. Developing custom components with EJBs provides a network of configurable business objects. These business objects are simple to create and implement; in addition, they provide a scalable, portable and reliable infrastructure for any business. EJBs are part of a middleware container system. This middleware allows for highly configurable objects. Good business practice means being able to adapt to changes. As the users requirements change, the business resources need to adapt. EJBs allow business to evolve as the environment and the requirements change.This tutorial will present information on how to implement EJBs for a class project. Discussion will begin with the selection of tools such as web servers, databases and hardware components. After this the foundation of Enterprise JavaBeans will be covered including entity beans and session beans. Deployment issues will be presented next, and last will be testing practices. Participants may wish to work in teams for the programming portion of this tutorial.
Some conjectures on primes (I)
Authors: Maohua Le
Venue: Smarandache notions (2002)

For any complex number x, let exp(x)=ex. For any positive integer n, let pn be the nth prime. In this paper we prove that exp(√n+1)/pn+1)/exp(√pn/n)>exp(√3/5)/exp(√3/2).
Quantification of structural information: on a question raised by Brooks
Authors: Jan Heering
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2003)

We introduce the notion of generative software complexity to illustrate some of the problems one may run into when trying to tackle a special case of a question recently raised by Brooks.
Computers and geotechnical engineering: a review
Authors: D. G. Toll
Venue: Civil and structural engineering computing: 2001 (2001)

This paper reviews the use of computers in geotechnical engineering for purposes other than numerical modelling. Information technology is becoming increasingly important in geotechnical engineering and computers are being used much more for non-computational purposes. The paper looks at geotechnical database systems, a major area of use. The paper also covers the use of artificial intelligence techniques, such as knowledge-based (expert) systems and neural networks. Finally, the use of the World Wide Web is considered, particularly the recent development of GeotechML, a mark-up language for representing geotechnical data on the web. It is suggested that these applications will merge as the technology advances.
Interpreting ODP viewpoint specification: observations from a case study
Authors: Chris Taylor, Eerke Boiten, John Derrick
Venue: Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/WG6.1 Fifth International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems V (2002)

Open Distributed Processing (ODP) is a viewpoints based ISO framework for specifying open distributed systems. This paper considers an application of ODP to the specification of an air traffic control (ATC) system. The key issues that arise from this are discussed further in the context of the formal specification of a simpler model -- the Information Viewpoint in Z, and the Computational Viewpoint in Object-Z.
A strong limit theorem on gambling systems
Authors: Wen Liu, Jinting Wang
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2003)

A strong limit theorem on gambling system for Bernoulli sequences is extended to the sequences of arbitrary discrete random variables by using the conditional probabilities. Furthermore, by allowing the selection function to take values in an interval, the conception of random selection is generalized. In the proof an approach of applying the differentiation of measure on a net to the investigation of the strong limit theorem is proposed.
Making Connections: Complementary Influences on Communication Media Choices, Attitudes, and Use
Authors: Linda Klebe Treviño, Jane Webster, Eric W. Stein
Venue: Organization Science (2000)

Theorizing about communication media attitudes and behaviors has drawn upon multiple theories (e.g., media richness, social influence). But these theories have often been pitted against each other rather than considered as complementary in more comprehensive studies. Furthermore, previous research has tended to focus more on newer communication media such as electronic mail rather than more traditional media. Finally, communication media research has studied attitudes toward media, use of media, and only occasionally media choice. Yet, all three dependent variables are important.This comprehensive survey hypothesized and tested multiple influences (based on multiple theories) in a study of media attitudes and behaviors. The media included electronic mail, fax, letters, and face-to-face meetings. The outcomes included media choice (an individual's decision to use a medium in a particular communication incident), media use (an individual's general pattern of use over time), and media attitudes (an individual's general subjective evaluation of media).Results suggested that a number of factors differentiated among media choices, including medium symbolism, message equivocality, distance between message partners, perceived media richness, number of message recipients, and perceived message recipients' attitudes. General attitudes toward the different media were influenced most consistently by perceived medium richness. New media attitudes were also influenced by person/technology interaction factors. General medium use was influenced by different factors for the different media.The results generally supported a comprehensive theoretical approach to understanding media attitudes and behaviors. All of the theories have some merit in explaining media attitudes and behaviors. But different factors, derived from different theories, were more important in accounting for each of the dependent variables--media choices, attitudes, and use. We hope that this investigation will help research in this area move toward the development of more integrative theoretical models.
The Success of Marketing Management Support Systems
Authors: Berend Wierenga, Gerrit H. Van Bruggen, Richard Staelin
Venue: Marketing Science (1999)

This paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue by a) providing a framework for evaluating the potential and actual success of marketing management support systems (MMSS), and b) briefly discussing how each paper in this Special Issue addresses the general topic of managerial decision making. The paper concludes by outlining some key questions that still need to be addressed.
Improvisation in Action
Authors: Gerrit H. Van Bruggen, Ale Smidts, Berend Wierenga, Al Sweetser, Mary M. Crossan
Venue: Organization Science (1998)

It has often been proposed, or assumed, that improvisation is a useful metaphor to provide insight into managing a nd organizing. However, improvisation is more than a metaphor. It is an orientation and a technique to enhance the strategic renewal of an organization. The bridge between theory and practice is made through exercises used to develop the capacity to improvise, borrowed from theatre improvisation. This paper describes a typical improvisation workshop in developing six key areas that link improvisation exercises to the practice of management: interpreting the environment; crafting strategy; cultivating leadership; fostering teamwork; developing individual skills; and assessing organizational culture.
Architecture of the virtual training system for buoyancy control
Authors: Dean Korošec Mitja Slavinec, Dani Bernad, Primož Kolarič, Katja Prnaver
Venue: Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003 (2003)

In this paper we present the structure of the simulator which would allow diving beginners to experience the effect of buoyancy control mechanisms before actually entering the water. We believe such training would be less stressful and safer for all participants, but it should also reduce the time in water needed to manage basic practical diving skills. Central design requirements for the system were: realistic modelling of diving physics, various options of man-machine interface and possibility of immersion. With future studies we plan to clarify to what extent the immersive VR interfaces are able to further improve the diving training experience.
Reading patterns and usability in visualizations of electronic documents
Authors: Kasper Hornbæk, Erik Frøkjær
Venue: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) (2003)

We present an exploration of reading patterns and usability in visualizations of electronic documents. Twenty subjects wrote essays and answered questions about scientific documents using an overview+detail, a fisheye, and a linear interface. We study reading patterns by progression maps that visualize the progression of subjects' reading activity, and by visibility maps that show for how long different parts of the document are visible. The reading patterns help explain differences in usability between the interfaces and show how interfaces affect the way subjects read. With the overview+detail interface, subjects get higher grades for their essays. All but one of the subjects prefer this interface. With the fisheye interface, subjects use more time on gaining an overview of the document and less time on reading the details. Thus, they read the documents faster, but display lower incidental learning. We also show how subjects only briefly have visible the parts of the document that are not initially readable in the fisheye interface, even though they express a lack of trust in the algorithm underlying the fisheye interface. When answering questions, the overview is used for jumping directly to answers in the document and to already-visited parts of the document. However, subjects are slower at answering questions with the overview+detail interface. From the visualizations of the reading activity, we find that subjects using the overview+detail interface often explore the document further even when a satisfactory answer to the given question has already been read. Thus, overviews may grab subjects' attention and possibly distract them.
On the Cayley isomorphism problem for ternary relational structures
Authors: Edward Dobson
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A (2003)

A ternary relational structure X is an ordered pair (V,E), where E ⊂ V3. A ternary relational structure X is a Cayley ternary relational structure of a group G if the left regular representation of G is contained in the automorphism group of X. A group G is a CI-group with respect to ternary relational structures if whenever X and X' are isomorphic Cayley ternary relational structures of G, then X and X' are isomorphic if and only if they are isomorphic by an automorphism of G. In this paper, we will provide a (relatively short) list of all possible CI-groups with respect to color ternary relational structures. All of these groups have order 2dn, 0≤d≤ 5, and n a positive integer with gcd(n, φ(n)) = 1, where φ is Euler's phi function. If d = 0, it has been shown by Pálfy that Zn is a CI-group with respect to every class of combinatorial objects. We then show that of the possible CI-groups with respect to color ternary relational structures of order 2n and 4n with a cyclic Sylow 2-subgroup, most are CI-groups with respect to ternary relational structures, and in the unresolved cases, give a necessary and sufficient condition for the group to be a CI-group with respect to ternary relational structures. In particular, we determine all cyclic CI-groups with respect to ternary relational structures. Finally, a group G that is a CI-group with respect to ternary relational structures is also a CI-group with respect to binary relational structures (i.e. graphs and digraphs). Some of the groups considered in this paper are not known to be CI-groups with respect to graphs or digraphs, and we thus provide new examples of CI-groups with respect to graphs and digraphs.