ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Domain-Specific Codesign for Embedded Security
Authors: Patrick Schaumont, Ingrid Verbauwhede
Venue: Computer (2003)

Systems with multiple design domains require codesign of application domains. Dedicated hardware processors implement the application domains and software integrates them.The authors use ThumbPod, a proto-type embedded security application, for remote identification applications such as intelligent keys or electronic payments. The device combines security, biometrics, and networking domains.Additional software support consists of a dynamic application download using the Java application manager. Sun's K virtual machine offers an infrastructure for secure code download and execution. The virtual machine also integrates the cryptoprocessor through a native interface.
Direct reconstruction of a displaced subdivision surface from unorganized points
Authors: Won-Ki Jeong, Chang-Hun Kim
Venue: Graphical Models (2002)

In this paper we describe the generation of a displaced subdivision surface directly from a set of unorganized points. The displaced subdivision surface is an efficient mesh representation that defines a detailed mesh with a displacement map over a smooth domain surface and has many benefits including compression, rendering, and animation, which overcome limitations of an irregular mesh produced by an ordinary mesh reconstruction scheme. Unlike previous displaced subdivision surface reconstruction methods, our method does not rely on a highly detailed reconstructed mesh. Instead, we efficiently create a coarse base mesh, which is used to sample displacements directly from unorganized points, and this results in a simple process and fast calculation. We suggest a shrink-wrapping-like shape approximation and a point-based mesh simplification method that uses the distance between a set of points and a mesh as an error metric to generate a domain surface that optimally approximates the given points. We avoid time-consuming energy minimization by employing a local subdivision surface fitting scheme. Finally, we show several reconstruction results that demonstrate the usability of our algorithm.
An analytical study of the roadway automobile stability
Authors: Svetoslav Nikolov, Stefan Bachvarov
Venue: Systems Analysis Modelling Simulation (2002)

In this paper a modified 3 × 3 autonomous, nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations modelling the roadway automobile motion is presented. The model is investigated qualitatively. On the base of the analysis performed, we obtain that the stability loss of our model can be of two types.
Language-Dependent performance of design patterns
Authors: Edward A. Billard
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2003)

The Gang of Four design patterns represent a catalog of 23 reusable design solutions to classes of problems that arise in a variety of applications. This study examines the execution performance of the patterns, as implemented in C++, Java (native and JDK 1.0 through 1.4), Smalltalk, and Perl 5.0. Each pattern is implemented independent of an application and, hence, represents just the pure object structure. Because the patterns themselves demonstrate a variety of structures, the results represent a good benchmark for how well the object-oriented compilers actually handle object-oriented programming, in particular, object creation and object reference to methods/attributes. The results indicate that the C++ compiler provided the fastest code, Java was second, followed by Smalltalk, and then Perl. However, Java 1.2 and 1.4 held their own against the optimized version of C++ and even did slightly better than non-optimized C++. Optimized C++ code was the best in 11 of the 23 patterns, with Java 1.2 and 1.4 sharing the remaining honors for the other 12 patterns, that is, a "winning" Java compiler can be found for just over half of the design patterns. Smalltalk was an order of magnitude, and Perl two orders of magnitude, slower. Although there is a wide variety of performance among the design patterns, the overall averages are much in-line with the averages of four simple test programs. The results may provide guidelines for future application development.
Binary time-frame expansion
Authors: Farzan Fallah
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

This paper introduces a new method for performing time-frame expansion based on writing the number of time frames in terms of powers of two. In the proposed method, the behavior of a circuit for t time frames, where n 0 ⪣t < n is modeled by unrolling the circuit 20, 21, 22, ..., 2(log n &minus;1) times and combining them. This formulation of the problem makes it possible to prune the search space quickly when the problem is infeasible. To show the advantage of this method, we have used it to model the state justification problem and solve the problem using a SAT-solver. Experimental results show several orders of magnitude speedup for some non-trivial infeasible problems. Furthermore, in most cases the CPU time requirement grows linearly in terms of the number of time frames.
Portuguese Financial Corporations' Information Technology Adoption Patterns
Authors: Vitor F. C. Goncalves, Antonio Palma-Dos-Reis, Joao Duque
Venue: Interfaces (1999)

A survey of Portuguese financial corporations showed that their adoption of information technologies (IT) depends on strategic variables, such as competitive strategies, competitive aspects, business environment, and geographic strategies. The survey also revealed that firms adopting one information technology are likely to adopt others and that they follow a sequence in adopting information technologies. We identified the IT adoption sequence by estimating, through the Bayes theorem, the likelihood of a firm's adopting a specific technology after having adopted a set of more basic technologies. We propose a classification for information technologies according to their place in the adoption sequence: infrastructure technologies, intermediate technologies, and advanced technologies.
Effect of manufacturing parameters on the formability of low-C sheet steel
Authors: J. Aghababa, F. Ashrafizadeh, H. N. Azari
Venue: Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (2001)

This paper reports the results of a study undertaken to investigate the effect of various manufacturing parameters, viz. finishing temperature of hot-rolling (830-910 °C), coiling temperature (540-630 °C) and the amount of cold-rolling reduction (52-75%) on the formability of low-C sheet steel manufactured by Mobarakeh Steel Co. of Iran (MSCI) for autobody applications. The assessment was based on evaluating the effect of the sheet steel of a single manufacturing parameter at a time, on the work hardening exponent, rate sensitivity index, normal anisotropy and forming limit diagram (FLD). The results of this investigation indicate that an improvement in formability could be gained by increasing, the finishing temperature of hot-rolling up to 870 °C. However, increasing this temperature beyond 870 °C gives rise to a marked deterioration in formability. The optimum range of coiling temperature was found to be from 540 to 570 °C. Finally, with regard to the amount of cold reduction, the optimum reduction in thickness for improved formability was established to be in the range of 60-70%.
Real Options in Leasing: The Effect of Idle Time
Authors: Chris Kenyon, Stathis Tompaidis
Venue: Operations Research (2001)

We study options on short-term leases for capital-intensive equipment performing specific functions and services, such as leases for semi-submersible drilling rigs, marine seismic services, corporate real estate leasing, retail space leasing, and apartment leasing. We quantify the effect of an important factor in pricing options on these services:idle time between consecutive lease contracts. We show that while the expected, discounted value for a contract with options is unique, option prices and option exercise prices must be given with respect to a payment structure for the whole contract. We prove that there exist payment schemes in which prices do not depend on exercise probabilities. We use a simple analytic model to derive closed-form solutions for option prices and illustrate our methodology by pricing options for leasing oil-drilling services in the North Sea.
Ultra-high performance communication with MPI and the Sun fire&trade; link interconnect
Authors: Steven J. Sistare, Christopher J. Jackson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2002)

We present a new low-latency system area network that provides the ultra-high bandwidth needed to fuse a collection of large SMP servers into a capability cluster. The network adapter exports a remote shared memory (RSM) model that supports low latency kernel bypass messaging. The Sun&trade; MPI library uses the RSM interface to implement a highly efficient memory-to-memory messaging protocol in which the library directly manages buffers and data structures in remote memory. This allows flexible allocation of buffer space to active connections, while avoiding resource contention that could otherwise increase latencies. We discuss the characteristics of the interconnect, describe the MPI protocols, and measure the performance of a number of MPI benchmarks. Our results include MPI inter-node bandwidths of almost 3 Gigabytes per second and MPI ping-pong latencies as low as 3.7 microseconds.
The road sign problem revisited: handling delayed response tasks with neural robot controllers
Authors: Mikael Thieme, Tom Ziemke
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats (2002)

The 'road sign problem' is a class of delayed response tasks in which an agent's correct turning direction at a T-junction is dependent on a stimulus it has encountered earlier. Neural robot controllers of four different architectures have been evaluated in experiments with six different variations of the problem. The highest reliability was achieved by Extended Sequential Cascaded Networks, a higher-order recurrent neural network architecture.
M-commerce in the automotive industry: making a case for strategic partnerships
Authors: Mark Schrauben, Rick Solak, Mohan Tanniru
Venue: Mobile commerce: technology, theory, and applications (2003)

The telematics technology, intended to streamline the information processing requirements of consumers driving a vehicle, has brought to surface the need for integrating the information technology architectures of various service providers with the manufacturing technologies of various automotive firms. While system integration has always been an issue when multiple vendors are involved in providing enterprise-wide solutions in business, this issue takes on greater prominence when it can impact the privacy and security of the driving public as a whole. This article briefly looks at various opportunities telematics can provide to satisfy the "mobile" society, and discusses the organizational behavior required to operationalize the technological capability and inter-company behavior to enable flexible business models. It will also discuss the role multiple business and government leaders have to play to ensure that these opportunities do not come at a significant social cost.
Description logics for semantic query optimization in object-oriented database systems
Authors: Domenico Beneventano, Sonia Bergamaschi, Claudio Sartori
Venue: ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) (2003)

Semantic query optimization uses semantic knowledge (i.e., integrity constraints) to transform a query into an equivalent one that may be answered more efficiently. This article proposes a general method for semantic query optimization in the framework of Object-Oriented Database Systems. The method is effective for a large class of queries, including conjunctive recursive queries expressed with regular path expressions and is based on three ingredients. The first is a Description Logic, ODLRE, providing a type system capable of expressing: class descriptions, queries, views, integrity constraint rules and inference techniques, such as incoherence detection and subsumption computation. The second is a semantic expansion function for queries, which incorporates restrictions logically implied by the query and the schema (classes + rules) in one query. The third is an optimal rewriting method of a query with respect to the schema classes that rewrites a query into an equivalent one, by determining more specialized classes to be accessed and by reducing the number of factors. We implemented the method in a tool providing an ODMG-compliant interface that allows a full interaction with OQL queries, wrapping underlying Description Logic representation and techniques to the user.
The membership problem for probabilistic and data dependencies
Authors: S. K. M. Wong, C. J. Butz
Venue: Technologies for constructing intelligent systems: tools (2002)

It has been suggested that Bayesian networks and relational databases are different because the membership problems for probabilistic conditional independence and embedded multivalued dependency do not always coincide. The present study indicates that the membership problems coincide on solvable classes of dependencies and differ on unsolvable classes. We therefore maintain that Bayesian networks and relational databases are the same in a practical sense, since only solvable classes of dependencies are useful in the design and implementation of both knowledge systems.
The Impact of E-Commerce Announcements on the Market Value of Firms
Authors: Mani Subramani, Eric Walden
Venue: Information Systems Research (2001)

Firms are undertaking growing numbers of e-commerce initiatives and increasingly making significant investments required to participate in the growing online market. However, empirical support for the benefits to firms from e-commerce is weaker than glowing accounts in the popular press, based on anecdotal evidence, would lead us to believe. In this paper, we explore the following questions: What are the returns to shareholders in firms engaging in e-commerce? How do the returns to conventional,brick and mortar firms from e-commerce initiatives compare with returns to the new breed ofnet firms? How do returns frombusiness-to-business e-commerce compare with returns frombusiness-to-consumer e-commerce? How do the returns to e-commerce initiatives involvingdigital goods compare to initiatives involvingtangible goods? We examine these issues using event study methodology and assess thecumulative abnormal returns to shareholders (CARs) for 251 e-commerce initiatives announced by firms between October and December 1998. The results suggest that e-commerce initiatives do indeed lead to significant positiveCARs for firms' shareholders. While theCARs for conventional firms are not significantly different from those for net firms, theCARs forbusiness-to-consumer (B2C) announcements are higher than those forbusiness-to-business (B2B) announcements. Also, theCARs with respect to e-commerce initiatives involving tangible goods are higher than for those involving digital goods. Our data were collected in the last quarter of 1998 during a unique bull market period and the magnitudes ofCARs (between 4.9 and 23.4% for different subsamples) in response to e-commerce announcements are larger than those reported for a variety of other firm actions in prior event studies. This paper presents the first empirical test of thedot com effect, validating popular anticipations of significant future benefits to firms entering into e-commerce arrangements.
Inventory Reduction and Productivity Growth: Linkages in the Japanese Automotive Industry
Authors: Marvin B. Lieberman, Lieven Demeester
Venue: Management Science (1999)

The literature on JIT production suggests a causal link between work-in-process inventory and manufacturing productivity. Such a connection has been described in numerous case studies but never tested statistically. This paper uses historical data for 52 Japanese automotive companies to evaluate the inventory-productivity relationship. We find that firms increased their productivity rank during periods of substantial inventory reduction. More detailed tests suggest that inventory reductions stimulated gains in productivity: On average, each 10% reduction in inventory led to about a 1% gain in labor productivity, with a lag of about one year. Such effects were more immediate for Toyota affiliates, but undetectable for close suppliers of Nissan. These findings imply that inventory reduction served as an important driver of process improvement for many Japanese automotive companies, although some firms emphasized other methods.
WEBKDD 2002: Web mining for usage patterns & profiles
Authors: Brij M. Masand, Myra Spiliopoulou, Jaideep Srivastava, Osmar R. Zaiane
Venue: ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter (2002)

In this paper, we provide a summary of the WEBKDD 2002 workshop, whose theme was 'Web Mining for Usage Patterns and Profiles'. This workshop was held in conjunction with the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-2002).
A context-based architecture for general problem solving
Authors: R. C. Peterson
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats (2002)

Perhaps the most striking feature of the human problem solving ability is its apparent generality. Many animals have well developed path finding and navigational abilities and this suggests a route by which general purpose problem solving skills might have arisen in primates. The idea explored in this paper is that by generalising the notion of 'place' to include contexts defined by factors other than just spatial location a powerful general purpose representational and planning mechanism can be built on the foundations provided by existing models of animal navigation. In the model presented the animat is assumed to have available to it motor primitives that not only allow it to move within and modify its environment but also allow it to change the way in which its sensory system operates, e.g. change its field of view. By selectively directing its attention in this way the animat is able to build up a dynamic multi-scale representation of its environment.
Phantom Harmonic Gradient Estimators for Nonpreemptive Priority Queueing Systems
Authors: Felisa J. Vázquez-Abad, Sheldon H. Jacobson
Venue: INFORMS Journal on Computing (2001)

This paper presents a new gradient estimator for the steady-state expected sojourn (system) time in a nonpreemptive priority queueing system. The estimator uses the concept of a phantom system, together with the basic ideas in harmonic gradient estimation, to develop a single simulation run estimator, termed thephantom harmonic gradient (PHG) estimator. The estimator is shown to be strongly consistent and strongly consistent in the average sense as the sample size grows. An upper bound for the variance of the PHG estimator is presented. This bound is used to show that under mild conditions, the variance of the PHG estimator tends to zero as both the number of phantom systems and the sample size approach infinity. A variance-reduction technique that simultaneously uses both common and antithetic random numbers is presented. Computational results on several nonpreemptive queueing systems illustrate the effectiveness of the method and show that common and antithetic random numbers can be used simultaneously to reduce the variance of the phantom harmonic gradient estimator.
The influence of dampers on earthquake response of tall buildings
Authors: J. Gluck, Y. Ribakov
Venue: Civil and structural engineering computing: 2001 (2001)

This paper deals with application of supplemental damping systems for improvement of structural seismic behavior. Optimal control laws are used to obtain the characteristics of the devices. The efficiency of the damping system is demonstrated in numerical simulations of a seven-story building. The simulations show that when subjected to the same earthquake loading the behavior of a structure with the proposed devices was significantly improved compared to those of an uncontrolled structure. The development and the applications of amplifying braces (AB) is described and presented herein. This system can be efficiently used to enhance the damping of a controlled structure without adding in stiffness and strength. Connection of active and semi-active dampers to AB yields significant reduction in the control forces required for optimal structural behavior making the amplifying braces very attractive for structural seismic design applications.
An hour in the life: towards requirements for modelling multiple task work
Authors: Peter J. Wild, Peter Johnson, Hilary Johnson
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

It is accepted that changes in technology, work practices and the general socio-economic environment affect the way we plan and perform tasks. Support, opportunity and pressure for people to 'multitask' has increased. We cannot assume that because an IT is designed well for a single-user single-task perspective, that it will effectively support multitasking. Some work has been undertaken into understanding these phenomena in a HCI context, but with little permeation into mainstream HCI methods. This paper provides an interim report into work into multiple task phenomena within the Task Knowledge Structures task analysis approach.
Dynamic single-rail self-timed logic structures for power efficient synchronous pipelined designs
Authors: Frank Grassert, Dirk Timmermann
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2003)

The realization of fast datapaths in signal processing environments requires fastest, power efficient logic styles with synchronous behavior. This paper presents a method to combine improvements on algorithm and logic level. To reduce the power consumption of dynamic logic, a method for using single-rail structures is presented including a new scheme to realize inverting logic functions. It is shown that such structure is most efficient when redundant number systems are utilized. These self-timed logic is integrated in a global clock system using the Asynchronous Chain True Single Phase Clock (AC-TSPC) logic resulting in a latch-free structure. Comparisons with other logic styles show the achievement potential. First simulations for a horizontal redundant adder slice show area and power savings of 40% and 30% compared to complementary Domino logic.
Cognitive Models of the Brain
Authors: Yingxu Wang, Ying Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2002)

The human brain is the most complicated organ in the universe and a new frontier yet to be explored in an interdisciplinary approach. Investigation into the brain is a unique problem that requires recursive mental power to explore the brain by the brain.This paper attempts to develop functional and cognitive models of the brain by using cognitive informatics and formal methodologies. This paper adopts a memory-based approach to explore the brain, and to demonstrate that memory is the foundation for any natural intelligence. Structures of memories are explored and cognitive models of the natural intelligence are proposed. Cognitive mechanisms of the brain, including hypotheses and theories on the thinking engine of the brain, long-term memory establishment, and roles of sleep in long-term memory development, are investigated. The models and theories areapplied to explain a number of fundamental physiological and psychological phenomena.
Virtual driving simulator project
Authors: Ryan Lurvey
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2003)

A driving simulator requires that it should be as close to the actual experience as possible as well as maintain decent performance. As an assistant, I focused on rendering multiple camera views from the perspective of one camera view for the purpose of accurately modeling mirrors for use in the driving simulator. To complete this task, I helped to investigate and implement a mirroring system for the simulator that would be accurate and efficient.