ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Types of arcs in a fuzzy graph
Authors: Sunil Mathew, M. S. Sunitha
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2009)

The concept of connectivity plays an important role in both theory and applications of fuzzy graphs. Depending on the strength of an arc, this paper classifies arcs of a fuzzy graph into three types namely @a-strong, @b-strong and @d-arcs. The advantage of this type of classification is that it helps in understanding the basic structure of a fuzzy graph completely. We analyze the relation between strong paths and strongest paths in a fuzzy graph and obtain characterizations for fuzzy bridges, fuzzy trees and fuzzy cycles using the concept of @a-strong, @b-strong and @d-arcs. An arc of a fuzzy tree is @a-strong if and only if it is an arc of its unique maximum spanning tree. Also we identify different types of arcs in complete fuzzy graphs.
IVEA: toward a personalized visual interface for exploring text collections
Authors: Vinh Tuan Thai, Siegfried Handschuh
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2009)

In this paper we present IVEA, a personalized visual interface which enables users to explore text collections from different perspectives and levels of detail. This work explores the use of a personal ontology, which encapsulates users' entities of interest, as an anchor for the exploration process. This, in effect, simplifies the comprehension of visual representation of text collections by helping users to focus on aspects that they are particularly concerned with.
Technical Section: Objective and subjective assessment of stereoscopically separated labels in augmented reality
Authors: Stephen D. Peterson, Magnus Axholt, Stephen R. Ellis
Venue: Computers and Graphics (2009)

We present a new technique for managing visual clutter caused by overlapping labels in complex information displays. This technique, label layering, utilizes stereoscopic disparity as a means to segregate labels in depth for increased legibility and clarity. By distributing overlapping labels in depth, we have found that selection time during a visual search task in situations with high levels of visual overlap is reduced by 4s or 24%. Our data show that the stereoscopically based depth order of the labels must be correlated with the distance order of their corresponding objects, for practical benefits. An algorithm using our label layering technique accordingly could be an alternative to traditional label placement algorithms that avoid label overlap at the cost of distracting view plane motion, symbology dimming or label size reduction.
Sensor Pose Estimation from Multi-center Cylindrical Panoramas
Authors: Fay Huang, Reinhard Klette, Yun-Hao Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology (2009)

Cylindrical panoramas can be classified into various types according to their basic scanning properties and mutual spatial alignment, such as single-center (e.g., as in QTVR), concentric, multi-center, symmetric, or (after a transformation onto a cylinder) catadioptric panoramas. This paper deals with a solution of the sensor pose estimation problem using (somehow calculated) corresponding points in the multi-center panoramas. All other types of panoramas are able to be described by this general multi-center model. Due to the non-linearity of the multi-centered projection geometry, the modeling of sensor pose estimation typically results into non-linear and highly complicated forms which incur numerical instability. This paper shows that there exist linear models for sensor pose estimation under minor geometrical constraints, namely symmetric and leveled panoramas. The presented approaches are important for solving the 3D data fusion problem for multiple panoramas; it is also fundamental for an in-depth analysis of multi-view geometry of panoramic images.
A robust estimation scheme for clock phase offsets in wireless sensor networks in the presence of non-Gaussian random delays
Authors: Jang-Sub Kim, Jaehan Lee, Erchin Serpedin, Khalid Qaraqe
Venue: Signal Processing (2009)

To cope with the Gaussian or non-Gaussian nature of the random network delays, a novel method, referred to as the Gaussian mixture Kalman particle filter (GMKPF), is proposed herein to estimate the clock offset in wireless sensor networks. GMKPF represents a better and more flexible alternative to the symmetric Gaussian maximum likelihood (SGML), and symmetric exponential maximum likelihood (SEML) estimators for clock offset estimation in non-Gaussian or non-exponential random delay models. The computer simulations illustrate that GMKPF yields much more accurate results relative to SGML and SEML when the network delays are modeled in terms of a single non-Gaussian/non-exponential distribution or as a mixture of several distributions.
The effects of conceptual change texts accompanied with animations on overcoming 11th grade students' alternative conceptions of chemical bonding
Authors: Haluk Özmen, Hülya Demircioğlu, Gökhan Demircioğlu
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

This paper aims to determine the effect of conceptual change texts accompanied with computer animations on 11th grade students' understanding and alternative conceptions related to chemical bonding. One experimental group (EG; N=28) and one comparison group (CG; N=30) were used in the study. While the comparison group taught traditional instruction, the experimental group received conceptual change text accompanied with computer animations instruction. Chemical bonding achievement test was applied as pre-test, post-test and delayed test to collect data. The results of the study indicated that while there is no statistically significant difference between groups in pre-test, performance of EG students is greater than the CG ones in post-test and delayed test. And also, the EG students are better in remediating their alternative conceptions related to chemical bonding. Based on the study, it is concluded that conceptual change texts combined with computer animations can be effective instructional tools to improve students' conceptual understanding of chemical concepts.
Differential Energy Based Watermarking Algorithm Using Wavelet Tree Group Modulation (WTGM) and Human Visual System
Authors: Min-Jen Tsai, Chang-Hsing Shen
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

Wavelet tree based watermarking algorithms are using the wavelet coefficient energy difference for copyright protection and ownership verification. WTQ (Wavelet Tree Quantization) algorithm is the representative technique using energy difference for watermarking. According to the cryptanalysis on WTQ, the watermark embedded in the protected image can be removed successfully. In this paper, we present a novel differential energy watermarking algorithm based on the wavelet tree group modulation structure, i.e. WTGM (Wavelet Tree Group Modulation). The wavelet coefficients of host image are divided into disjoint super trees (each super tree containing two sub-super trees). The watermark is embedded in the relatively high-frequency components using the group strategy such that energies of sub-super trees are close. The employment of wavelet tree structure, sum-of-subsets and positive/negative modulation effectively improve the drawbacks of the WTQ scheme for its insecurity. The integration of the HVS (Human Visual System) for WTGM provides a better visual effect of the watermarked image. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of robustness and imperceptibility.
Professional Linux Kernel Architecture
Authors: Wolfgang Mauerer
Venue:  (2008)

Find an introduction to the architecture, concepts and algorithms of the Linux kernel in Professional Linux Kernel Architecture, a guide to the kernel sources and large number of connections among subsystems. Find an introduction to the relevant structures and functions exported by the kernel to userland, understand the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the Linux kernel and Unix derivatives, and gain a deeper understanding of the kernel. Learn how to reduce the vast amount of information contained in the kernel sources and obtain the skills necessary to understand the kernel sources.
Channel access using opportunistic reservations and virtual MIMO
Authors: Xin Wang, J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Hamid R. Sadjadpour
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2009)

We propose ORCHESTRA, a channel-access protocol that uses reservations and virtual MIMO to provide high throughput and bounded channel-access delays. The channel-access process is divided into a contention-based access period and a scheduled access period. To attain high throughput, nodes build a channel schedule using the contention-based access period, and utilize the spatial multiplexing gain of virtual MIMO links in the scheduled access period. To attain bounded channel-access delays, nodes reserve time slots through opportunistic reservations. We evaluate the performance of ORCHESTRA through numerical analysis and simulations, and show that it results in much better throughput, delay, and jitter characteristics that simply using MIMO nodes together with scheduled access (i.e., NAMA) or contention-based access (i.e., IEEE 802.11 DCF).
Amplitude modulation of a resistive phase conjugator based on dual-gate FET technology
Authors: T. Aballo, L. Cabria, J. A. García, J. M. Zamanillo, A. Mediavilla, F. R. Marante
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Signal, Speech and image processing (2008)

In this paper, the control over the second gate voltage in a dual-gate FET resistive mixer is employed for amplitude remodulating the response signal in a retrodirective array. A resistive mixer is integrated with an aperture coupled square patch, and a data signal voltage, Vg2s(t), is appropriately conceived in order to control the magnitude of the device time-varying output conductance. Measurements of the response signal in a backscatter test set-up validate the proposed solution for carrying information back to the interrogator position in full-duplex communications links.
Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs
Authors: Dushyanth Narayanan, Eno Thereska, Austin Donnelly, Sameh Elnikety, Antony Rowstron
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems (2009)

Recently, flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) have become standard options for laptop and desktop storage, but their impact on enterprise server storage has not been studied. Provisioning server storage is challenging. It requires optimizing for the performance, capacity, power and reliability needs of the expected workload, all while minimizing financial costs. In this paper we analyze a number of workload traces from servers in both large and small data centers, to decide whether and how SSDs should be used to support each. We analyze both complete replacement of disks by SSDs, as well as use of SSDs as an intermediate tier between disks and DRAM. We describe an automated tool that, given device models and a block-level trace of a workload, determines the least-cost storage configuration that will support the workload's performance, capacity, and fault-tolerance requirements. We found that replacing disks by SSDs is not a costeffective option for any of our workloads, due to the low capacity per dollar of SSDs. Depending on the workload, the capacity per dollar of SSDs needs to increase by a factor of 3-3000 for an SSD-based solution to break even with a diskbased solution. Thus, without a large increase in SSD capacity per dollar, only the smallest volumes, such as system boot volumes, can be cost-effectively migrated to SSDs. The benefit of using SSDs as an intermediate caching tier is also limited: fewer than 10% of our workloads can reduce provisioning costs by using an SSD tier at today's capacity per dollar, and fewer than 20% can do so at any SSD capacity per dollar. Although SSDs are much more energy-efficient than enterprise disks, the energy savings are outweighed by the hardware costs, and comparable energy savings are achievable with low-power SATA disks.
Improved Analysis of Energy Hole for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zeng Zhi-wen, Liu An-Feng, Chen Zhi-gang, Wu Xian-you, Long Jun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 01 (2009)

Through analysis of energy consumption of wireless sensor networks with uniform node distribution, this paper finds that energy hole in the wireless sensor networks with uniform node distribution can not be avoided. When network lifetime ends, as much as 90% of network energy remains. However, network lifetime can increase several times by selecting different transmission power levels. The main conclusions in this paper are presented is that the energy consumption in the same circular ring is nonuniform if the density of sensor nodes in the same circular ring is uniform.
Ensuring finite moments in Monte Carlo simulations via iterated ex post facto sampling
Authors: Richard R. Picard, Thomas E. Booth
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2009)

Monte Carlo simulations may involve skewed, heavy-tailed distributions. When variances of those distributions exist, statistically valid confidence intervals can be obtained using the central limit theorem, providing that the simulation is run ''long enough.'' If variances do not exist, however, valid confidence intervals are difficult or impossible to obtain. The main result in this paper establishes that upon replacing ordinary Monte Carlo sampling of such heavy-tailed distributions with ex post facto sampling, estimates having finite moments of all orders are ensured for the most common class of infinite variance distributions. We conjecture that this phenomenon applies to all distributions (having finite means) when the ex post facto process is iterated.
Accurate Correlation Modeling for Transform-Domain Wyner-Ziv Video Coding
Authors: Jozef Škorupa, Jürgen Slowack, Stefaan Mys, Peter Lambert, Rik Walle
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing (2008)

In Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding, low-complexity encoding is achieved by generating the prediction signal only at the decoder. An accurate model of the correlation between the original frame and its prediction is necessary for efficient coding. Firstly, we propose an improvement for the pixel-domain correlation estimation. In transform-domain WZ video coding current models estimate the necessary correlation parameters directly in the transform domain. We propose an alternative approach, where an accurate estimation in the pixel domain is followed by a novel method of transforming the pixel-domain estimation into the transform domain. The experimental results show that our model leads to average bit-rate gain of 3.5---8%.
Sensorless Rapid On-line Evaluation for Slide Level
Authors: Yuqing Zhou, Xuesong Mei, Dong Liu, Gedong Jiang, Nuogang Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (2009)

Slide level is one of the most important indexes of CNC machine tool performance. A novel kind of sensorless rapid on-line evaluation technology for machine tool slide level based on linear or rotary scale, motor encoder and AC servo motor current/output torque is proposed. To acquire the level information, the sensorless test principle is profoundly investigated, and the relationship mathematical model between the slide level and the sensorless data is established. Furthermore, according to the Stribeck effect, the various amplitude and velocity triangular wave test curve and a kind of precise nonlinear model identification method are suggested to get the key parameters such as static friction torque, coulomb friction torque, viscous coefficient and total moment of inertia. And then CNC slide level can be identified. The analyses results of the experiments show that it is simple, rapid, feasible and reliable for evaluating slide level.
Power tools for copying and moving: useful stuff for your desktop
Authors: Guillaume Faure, Olivier Chapuis, Nicolas Roussel
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

Copy and move operations have long been supported by interactive desktops through various means. But the growing number of on-screen objects makes these means harder to use. In this note, we present new tools and techniques to enhance the existing ones: a selection, copy and drag history manager; two techniques to expose the user's desk and leaf through stacks of overlapping windows; and a technique that integrates the previous two with conventional drag-and-drop.
Design research as explanation: perceptions in the field
Authors: Steven R. Haynes, John M. Carroll, Thomas G. Kannampallil, Lu Xiao, Paula M. Bach
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

We report results from interviews with HCI design researchers on their perceptions of how their research relates to the more traditional scientific goal of providing explanations. Theories of explanation are prominent in the physical and natural sciences, psychology, the social sciences, and engineering. Little work though has so-far addressed the special case of how results from reflective design of interactive systems can help provide explanations. We found conceptions of explanation in design research to be broader and more inclusive than those commonly found in the philosophy of science. We synthesized concepts from the interviews into a framework which may help researchers understand how their contributions relate to both classical and emergent conceptions of explanation.
Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XVI: Proceedings of AI-2008, The Twenty-eighth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques ... of Artificial Intelligence (v. 16), 1st edition
Authors: Tony Allen, Richard Ellis, Miltos Petridis
Venue:  (2008)

The papers in this volume are the refereed application papers presented at AI-2008, the Twenty-eighth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, held in Cambridge in December 2008. They present new and innovative applications of artificial intelligence across a wide range of domains; divided into sections on Machine Learning, Web Technologies, Intelligent Systems and AI in Health Care. The volume also includes the text of short papers presented as posters at the conference. This is the sixteenth volume in the Application and Innovations series, which offers an annual snapshot of the latest applications of artificial intelligence across industry, commerce, education and government. The Technical Stream papers are published as a companion volume under the title Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXV.
Online Macro-segmentation of Television Streams
Authors: Gaël Manson, Xavier Naturel, Sid-Ahmed Berrani
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Multimedia Modeling Conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling (2009)

This demo presents a complete system that automatically structures TV streams on the fly. The objective is to precisely and automatically determine the start and the end of each broadcasted TV program. The extracted programs can then be stored in a database to be used in novel services such as TV-on-Demand. The system performs on-the-fly detection of inter-programs using a reference database of inter-programs, as well as an offline detection and classification of repeated sequences. This offline phase allows us to automatically detect inter-programs as repeated sequences. The macro-segmentation is performed using the online and the offline results of inter-program detection as well as metadata, when available, in order to label extracted programs. The demo shows results on large real TV streams.
Designing Against Head Injury While Considering Neck Injury
Authors: Simon M. Hsiang, Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, Taek Hyun Jang
Venue: Journal of Integrated Design Process Science (2007)

Without a doubt, the major concern of vehicle design is safety &uml;C increasing the survival chance of driver and passenger during a crash and decreasing the risk of injury. Safety features, such as seat belt, seat cushion with crash tubing, or frontal and side impact airbags, have been proposed to protect the occupants from the secondary impacts. This study adapts a transdisciplinary approach, combining research from epidemiology and injury biomechanics as a basis for identifying design problem areas and variable trade-offs. The objectives of this paper are to review literature on head injury and neck injury, and to provide suggestions for designing against head injury while considering neck injury. Since the head injury is mainly caused by contact, the fundamental design principle is to minimize any hard surface protrusion. Especially sharp objects, such as dash shade and mirrors, must be removed or kept outside the striking range in any configuration. There are several principles that can be used, in any combination, to achieve the required crush depth: (1) to prevent skull damage and brain trauma, locally modifying the design by removing rigid high points and moving hard assemblies down or under; (2) to decelerate head and torso at the same rate (which will also decrease the risk of neck injury) by modifying hard structures to make them crush or collapsible and obtaining as much clearance. There is a need to design and construct test equipment that can be used to test neck injury and head injury simultaneously.
Detecting network-wide and router-specific misconfigurations through data mining
Authors: Franck Le, Sihyung Lee, Tina Wong, Hyong S. Kim, Darrell Newcomb
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2009)

Recent studies have shown that router misconfigurations are common and can have dramatic consequences to the operations of a network. Misconfigurations can compromise the security of an entire network or even cause global disruptions to Internet connectivity. Several solutions have been proposed. They can detect a number of problems in real configuration files. However, these solutions share a common limitation: they are based on rules which need to be known beforehand. Violations of these rules are deemed misconfigurations. As policies typically differ among networks, these approaches are limited in the scope of mistakes they can detect. In this paper, we address the problem of router misconfigurations using data mining. We apply association rules mining to the configuration files of routers across an administrative domain to discover local, network-specific policies. Deviations from these local policies are potential misconfigurations. We have evaluated our scheme on configuration files from a large state-wide network provider, a large university campus and a high-performance research network. In this evaluation, we focused on three aspects of the configurations: user accounts, interfaces and BGP sessions. User accounts specify the users that can access the router and define the authorized commands. Interfaces are the ports used by routers to connect to different networks. Each interface may support a number of services and run various routing protocols. BGP sessions are the connections with neighboring autonomous systems (AS). BGP sessions implement the routing policies which select the routes that are filtered and the ones that are advertised to the BGP neighbors. We included the routing policies in our study. The results are promising. We discovered a number of errors that were confirmed and corrected by the network administrators. These errors would have been difficult to detect with current predefined rule-based approaches.