ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Task-action grammars: a model of the mental representation of task languages
Authors: Stephen J. Payne, T. R. G. Green
Venue: Human-computer interaction (1986)

A formal model of the mental representation of task languages is presented. The model is a metalanguage for defining task-action grammars (TAG): generative grammars that rewrite simple tasks into action specifications. Important features of the model are (a) Identification of the "simple-tasks" that users can perform routinely and that require no control structure; (b) Representation of simple-tasks by collections of semantic components reflecting a categorization of the task world; (c) Marking of tokens in rewrite rules with the semantic features of the task world to supply selection restrictions on the rewriting of simple-tasks into action specifications. This device allows the representation of family resemblances between individual task-action mappings. Simple complexity metrics over task-action grammars make predictions about the relative learnability of different task language designs. Some empirical support for these predictions is derived from the existing empirical literature on command language learning, and from two unreported experiments. Task-action grammars also provide designers with an analytic tool for exposing the configural properties of task languages.
New family of binary sequences of period 4(2 n &#x00a0;&#x2212;&#x00a0;1) with low correlation
Authors: Wenfeng Jiang, Lei Hu, Xiaohu Tang, Xiangyong Zeng
Venue: Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing (2008)

A new family of binary sequences of period 4(2 n &#x2212;1) with low correlation is constructed for integer n&#x00a0;=&#x00a0;em. Especially, we obtain a new family with family size 2 n and maximum nontrivial correlation magnitude $${2^{n+3\over 2}+4}$$for odd m and e&#x00a0;=&#x00a0;1. Each sequence in the family is constructed by the interleaving of four GKW-like sequences and a perfect sequence. The correlation distribution and linear spans of the sequences are also determined for odd m.
Artificial neural network for prediction of antigenic activity for a major conformational epitope in the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein
Authors: James Lara, Robert M. Wohlhueter, Zoya Dimitrova, Yury E. Khudyakov
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Motivation: Insufficient knowledge of general principles for accurate quantitative inference of biological properties from sequences is a major obstacle in the rationale design of proteins with predetermined activities. Due to this deficiency, protein engineering frequently relies on the use of computational approaches focused on the identification of quantitative structure–activity relationship (SAR) for each specific task. In the current article, a computational model was developed to define SAR for a major conformational antigenic epitope of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 3 (NS3) in order to facilitate a rationale design of HCV antigens with improved diagnostically relevant properties. Results: We present an artificial neural network (ANN) model that connects changes in the antigenic properties and structure of HCV NS3 recombinant proteins representing all 6 HCV genotypes. The ANN performed quantitative predictions of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Signal/Cutoff (S/Co) profiles from sequence information alone with 89.8% accuracy. Amino acid positions and physicochemical factors strongly associated with the HCV NS3 antigenic properties were identified. The positions most significantly contributing to the model were mapped on the NS3 3D structure. The location of these positions validates the major associations found by the ANN model between antigenicity and structure of the HCV NS3 proteins. Availability: Matlab code is available at the following URL address: http://bio-ai.myeweb.net/box_widget.html Contact:jlara@cdc.gov; yek0@cdc.gov Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The effect of title term suggestion on e-commerce sites
Authors: Shen Huang, Xiaoyuan Wu, Alvaro Bolivar
Venue: Proceeding of the 10th ACM workshop on Web information and data management (2008)

Most E-Commerce websites rely on title keyword search to accurately retrieve the items for sale in a particular category. We have found that the titles of many items on eBay are shortened or not very specific, which leads to ineffective results when searched. One possible solution is to recommend the sellers relevant and informative terms for title expansion without any change of search function. The related technique has been explored in previous work such as query expansion and keyword suggestion. In this paper, we study the effect of term suggestion on title-based search. A frequently used approach, co-occurrence, is tested on a dataset collected from eBay website (www.ebay.com). Besides, for suggestion algorithm, we take into account three particular features in our application scenario, including concept term, description relevance and chance-to-be viewed. Although the experiments are conducted on eBay data, we believe that considering E-Commerce particularities will help us to customize the suggestion according to the requirements of web commerce.
A browser-based multimodal interaction system
Authors: Kouichi Katsurada, Teruki Kirihata, Masashi Kudo, Junki Takada, Tsuneo Nitta
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2008)

In this paper, we propose a system that enables users to have multimodal interactions (MMI) with an anthropomorphic agent via a web browser. By using the system, a user can interact simply by accessing a web site from his/her web browser. A notable characteristic of the system is that the anthropomorphic agent is synthesized from a photograph of a real human face. This makes it possible to construct a web site whose owner's facial agent speaks with visitors to the site. This paper describes the structure of the system and provides a screen shot.
An Efficient Technique to Detect Visual Defects in Particleboards
Authors: Jonas Guzaitis, Antanas Verikas
Venue: Informatica (2008)

This paper is concerned with the problem of image analysis based detection of local defects embedded in particleboard surfaces. Though simple, but efficient technique developed is based on the analysis of the discrete probability distribution of the image intensity values and the 2D discrete Walsh transform. Robust global features characterizing a surface texture are extracted and then analyzed by a pattern classifier. The classifier not only assigns the pattern into the quality or detective class, but also provides the certainty value attributed to the decision. A 100% correct classification accuracy was obtained when testing the technique proposed on a set of 200 images.
Monitoring northern mixed prairie health using broadband satellite imagery
Authors: C. Zhang, X. Guo
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

The mixed prairie in Canada is characterized by its low to medium green vegetation cover, high amount of non-photosynthetic materials, and ground level biological crust. It has proven to be a challenge for the application of remotely sensed data in extracting biophysical variables for the purpose of monitoring grassland health. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of broadband-based reflectance and vegetation indices in extracting ground canopy information. The study area was Grasslands National Park (GNP) Canada and the surrounding pastures, which represent the northern mixed prairie. Fieldwork was conducted from late June to early July 2005. Biophysical variables-canopy height, cover, biomass, and species composition-were collected for 31 sites. Two satellite images, one SPOT 4 image on 22 June 2005, and one Landsat 5 TM image on 14 July 2005, were collected for the corresponding time period. Results show that the spectral curve of the grass canopy was similar to that of the bare soil with lower reflectance at each band. Consequently, commonly used vegetation indices were not necessarily better than reflectance when it comes to single wavelength regions at extracting biophysical information. Reflectance, NDVI, ATSAVI, and two new coined cover indices were good at extracting biophysical information.
Boosting Web Intrusion Detection Systems by Inferring Positive Signatures
Authors: Damiano Bolzoni, Sandro Etalle
Venue: Proceedings of the OTM 2008 Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008. Part II on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems (2008)

We present a new approach to anomaly-based network intrusion detection for web applications. This approach is based on dividing the input parameters of the monitored web application in two groups: the "regular" and the "irregular" ones, and applying a new method for anomaly detection on the "regular" ones based on the inference of a regular language. We support our proposal by realizing Sphinx, an anomaly-based intrusion detection system based on it. Thorough benchmarks show that Sphinx performs better than current state-of-the-art systems, both in terms of false positives/false negatives as well as needing a shorter training period.
Implementation of a robust SQP algorithm
Authors: Brian C. Fabien
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2008)

This paper presents an implementation of a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for the solution of nonlinear programming (NLP) problems. In the proposed algorithm, a solution to the NLP problem is found by minimizing the L1 exact penalty function. The search direction for the penalty function minimization is determined by solving a strictly convex quadratic programming (QP) problem. Here, we make the basic SQP algorithm more robust (i) by solving a relaxed, strictly convex, QP problem in cases where the constraints are inconsistent, (ii) by performing a non-monotone line search to improve efficiency, and (iii) by using second-order corrections to avoid the Maratos effect. The robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated via a C language implementation that is applied to numerous parameter optimization and optimal control problems that have appeared in the literature. The results obtained show that both non-monotone line searches and second-order corrections can significantly reduce the amount of work required to solve parameter optimization problems.
Transformational approach to the development of software architectures on the basis of fuzzy graph models
Authors: I. N. Parasyuk, S. V. Yershov
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2008)

An approach to the creation of software architectures is examined that is based on the model-oriented paradigm that opens up the way to the implementation of transformational evolution of software systems. The emphasis is on the formalization of fuzzy graphs, fuzzy graph models, and rules of their transformation. A theoretical categorical representation of fuzzy software architectures is developed, which allows one to manage the process of their transformations on the basis of making decisions in a fuzzy modeling space on the functionality of the target platform-specific system.
Some comments on hourglasses
Authors: Rui L. Aguiar
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2008)

The hourglass concept has been undisputable ruler of networking visions on the last years. As network evolution is now a hot topic, this article aims to reflect on this concept, highlighting its current shortcomings, and suggesting its evolution.
A cognitively based functional taxonomy of decision support techniques
Authors: Wayne Zachary
Venue: Human-computer interaction (1986)

The Decision Support Systems (DSS) field has grown rapidly, drawing technology from many disciplines and pursuing applications in a variety of domains but developing little underlying theoretical structure and poor linkage between research and practice. This article presents a classification scheme for DSS techniques that provides a common theoretical framework for DSS research and also structures and simplifies the process of designing application systems. The classification system is functional, grouping DSS techniques according to their ability to provide similar kinds of support (i.e., functions) to a human decision maker. It is also cognitively based, defining the kinds of support that decision makers need in terms of architectural features and procedural aspects of human cognition. The classification is expressed as a taxonomy, encompassing six primary classes of decision support techniques representing the six general kinds of cognitive support that human decision makers need. The six classes are process models, which assist in projecting the future course of complex processes; choice models, which support integration of decision criteria across aspects and/or alternatives; information control techniques, which help in storage, retrieval, organization, and integration of data and knowledge; analysis and reasoning techniques, which support application of problem-specific expert reasoning procedures; representation aids, which assist in expression and manipulation of a specific representation of a decision problem; and judgment amplification/refinement techniques, which help in quantification and debiasing of heuristic judgments. Additional distinctions are provided to distinguish the individual techniques in each of these primary categories. The taxonomy also has practical use as a design aid for decision support systems. The kinds of decision support needs represented by the taxonomy are general and can be used to guide the analysis and decomposition of a given decision prior to decision aid design. Specific needs for assistance can then be tied to specific computational techniques in the taxonomy. Methodological suggestions for using the taxonomy as a design aid are given.
Attributes underlying involvement with video material
Authors: Nele Van den Ende, Dragan Sekulovski, Jettie Hoonhout, Lydia Meesters
Venue: Proceeding of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video (2008)

This paper looks at attributes helpful for a definition of involvement, because the authors believe that involvement is one of the key cognitive mediating factors between content and viewing experience. In the end, it should lead to an operational definition, and a valid and reliable measurement tool.
An Interactive Driver for Goal-directed Proof Strategies
Authors: Andrea Asperti, Enrico Tassi
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs) are tools meant to assist the user during the formal development of mathematics. Automatic proof searching procedures are a desirable aid, and most ITPs supply the user with an extensive set of facilities to improve automation. However, the black-box nature of most automatic procedure conflicts with the interactive nature of these tools: a newcomer running an automatic procedure learns nothing by its execution (especially in case of failure), and a trained user has no opportunities to interactively guide the procedure towards the solution, e.g. pruning wrong or not promising branches of the search tree. In this paper we discuss the implementation of the resolution based automatic procedure of the Matita ITP, explicitly conceived to be interactively driven by the user through a suitable, simple graphical interface.
Towards a minimalist multimodal dialogue framework using recursive MVC pattern
Authors: Li Li, Wu Chou
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2008)

This paper presents a formal framework for multimodal dialogue systems by applying a set of complexity reduction patterns. The minimalist approach described in this paper combines recursive application of Model-View-Controller (MVC) design patterns with layering and interpretation. It leads to a modular, concise, flexible and dynamic framework building upon a few core constructs. This framework could expedite the development of complex multimodal dialogue systems with sound software development practices and techniques. A XML based prototype multimodal dialogue system that embodies this framework is developed and studied. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework is effective and well suited for multimodal interaction in complex business transactions.
Monotone method for a system of nonlinear mixed type implicit impulsive integro-differential equations in Banach spaces
Authors: Heng-you Lan
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

In this paper, by using a monotone iterative technique in the presence of lower and upper solutions, we discuss the existence of solutions for a new system of nonlinear mixed type implicit impulsive integro-differential equations in Banach spaces. Under wide monotonicity conditions and the noncompactness measure conditions, we also obtain the existence of extremal solutions and a unique solution between lower and upper solutions.
Does Japan really have robot mania? Comparing attitudes by implicit and explicit measures
Authors: Karl F. MacDorman, Sandosh K. Vasudevan, Chin-Chang Ho
Venue: AI Society (2008)

Japan has more robots than any other country with robots contributing to many areas of society, including manufacturing, healthcare, and entertainment. However, few studies have examined Japanese attitudes toward robots, and none has used implicit measures. This study compares attitudes among the faculty of a US and a Japanese university. Although the Japanese faculty reported many more experiences with robots, implicit measures indicated both faculties had more pleasant associations with humans. In addition, although the US faculty reported people were more threatening than robots, implicit measures indicated both faculties associated weapons more strongly with robots than with humans. Despite the media&#x2019;s hype about Japan&#x2019;s robot &#x2018;craze,&#x2019; response similarities suggest factors other than attitude better explain robot adoption. These include differences in history and religion, personal and human identity, economic structure, professional specialization, and government policy. Japanese robotics offers a unique reference from which other nations may learn.
Stability of stochastic partial differential equations with infinite delays
Authors: Jiaowan Luo
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

In this paper, we study the existence and the asymptotical stability in p-th moment of mild solutions to stochastic partial differential equations with infinite delays {dx(t)=[Ax(t)+f(t,x(t-@t(t)))]dt+g(t,x(t-@d(t)))dW(t),t>=0,x"0(@?)=@x@?D"F"""0^b([m(0),0],H) where t-@t(t),t-@d(t)->~ with delays @t(t),@d(t)->~ as t->~. Our method for investigating the stability of solutions is based on the fixed point theorem.
Graphic representation of judgmental information
Authors: Donald MacGregor, Paul Slovic
Venue: Human-computer interaction (1986)

Graphic displays of information are an important link in the design of user/ machine interfaces. However, research on general effectiveness of graphic displays as information organizing formats for judgment and decision making has produced mixed results; graphic formats appear to facilitate judgmental performance in some contexts, but not in others. The two studies reported here examine the relative efficacy of a set of basic graphic display formats, such as might be used to summarize data in an information system, in the context of a task calling for individuals to integrate a set of information cues into an overall judgment. A "lens model" is used as a decompositional framework for representing the relationship between the elements of the information displays and the psychological properties of the multicue judgment task. Combined results from the two studies suggest that judgmental performance is markedly enhanced or degraded by the degree to which the display format provides the user with an organizing structure that facilitates a matching between the relative importance of information and the psychological salience of the display's graphic features.
A Framework and Tool-Support for Reengineering Software Development Methods
Authors: Marko Bajec, Damjan Vavpotič
Venue: Informatica (2008)

The purpose of the research described in this paper is to propose a framework and supporting tools that will help software companies to establish formalised methods that will be technically and socially sound with their needs. Following the framework the companies can asses and improve their existing ways of working, capture them into formalised methods and continuously enrich them based on the past development experiences. Furthermore, the formalised methods that are designed based on the suggested framework are flexible and can be automatically adjusted by the supporting tools to suite circumstances of a particular project or team. This paper describes the framework philosophy and its tool support.
A Java API for Creating (not only) AnimalScript
Authors: Guido Rößling, Stephan Mehlhase, Jens Pfau
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

Generating animation content can be tedious and result in ''messed-up'' code. We present a Java API that can be used for generating AnimalScript-based animations. It was designed to be extendable to other output formats, such as SVG or other scripting languages. Apart from describing the use of the API, we also show a concrete example that was generated using the API to illustrate the API's expressiveness.
Partial discriminative training for classification of overlapping classes in document analysis
Authors: Cheng-Lin Liu
Venue: International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (2008)

For character recognition in document analysis, some classes are closely overlapped but are not necessarily to be separated before contextual information is exploited. For classification of such overlapping classes, either discriminating between them or merging them into a metaclass does not satisfy. Merging the overlapping classes into a metaclass implies that within-metaclass substitution is considered as correct classification. For such classification problems, this paper proposes a partial discriminative training (PDT) scheme, in which, a training pattern of an overlapping class is used as a positive sample of its labeled class, and neither positive nor negative sample for its allied classes (those overlapping with the labeled class). In experiments of offline handwritten letter and online symbol recognition using various classifiers evaluated at metaclass level, the PDT scheme mostly outperforms ordinary discriminative training and merged metaclass classification.