ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Problems in planning computer graphics at a university computer center
Authors: Scott Luebking
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1980)

This paper reviews some of the problems university computer centers have when planning their computer graphics (CG) components. Many of the ideas came from an informal telephone survey of staff at various computer centers. Other ideas are observations I've made during the planning phases of my work as a computer specialist in graphics at Berkeley.
Kongsberg's road to an industrial software methodology
Authors: Jan T Pedersen, John K Buckle
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

Kongsberg V&aring;penfabrikk, Norway, has been engaged in establishing an up-to-date software engineering facility since late 1976. The more important achievements at the end of 1977 include: - a basic development and production system - an automatic archive for keeping all versions of existing software modules - production procedures for our highest volume product. The Software Upgrade Program has already given cash savings for the products to which the results are applied.
Quantitative evaluation of software quality
Authors: B. W. Boehm, J. R. Brown, M. Lipow
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

The study reported in this paper establishes a conceptual framework and some key initial results in the analysis of the characteristics of software quality. Its main results and conclusions are: &bull; Explicit attention to characteristics of software quality can lead to significant savings in software life-cycle costs. &bull; The current software state-of-the-art imposes specific limitations on our ability to automatically and quantitatively evaluate the quality of software. &bull; A definitive hierarchy of well-defined, well-differentiated characteristics of software quality is developed. Its higher-level structure reflects the actual uses to which software quality evaluation would be put; its lower-level characteristics are closely correlated with actual software metric evaluations which can be performed. &bull; A large number of software quality-evaluation metrics have been defined, classified, and evaluated with respect to their potential benefits, quantifiability, and ease of automation. &bull;Particular software life-cycle activities have been identified which have significant leverage on software quality. Most importantly, we believe that the study reported in this paper provides for the first time a clear, well-defined framework for assessing the often slippery issues associated with software quality, via the consistent and mutually supportive sets of definitions, distinctions, guidelines, and experiences cited. This framework is certainly not complete, but it has been brought to a point sufficient to serve as a viable basis for future refinements and extensions.
Measured performance of a programmed implementation of the subscripted D-Algorithm
Authors: C. Benmehrez, J. F. McDonald
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

Hypothesized performance improvements of the subscripted D-Algorithm have now been confirmed by a series of benchmark comparisons with the Roth's DALG. The major concept exploited by the subscripted algorithm is the acquisition of control over a submodule by back-propagation of multiple simultaneously sensitized Dj paths. The existence of these simultaneously sensitizable control paths has now been verified for many circuits of very large size. The run time required to establsih such control paths is usually about the same as the time that DALG takes to find a single test. Hence, for high fan-in submodules the performance enhancements are impressive. The algorithm readily finds multiple control paths in circuits with high fan-out and reconvergence. The algorithm even backpropagates readily through Exclusive-Or trees. Therefore, apprehension that multiple control paths would suffer mutual interference in practical circuits is not completely justified.
The icewater language and interpreter
Authors: Patrick A. D. Powell, Mohamed I. Elmasry
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

A symbolic circuit design language for describing the topology and topography of a VLSI design in a simple and hierarchical manner is described. The language was intended to provide a simple manner of structuring a VLSI design, based on the Mead and Conway design methodology. Cells may be constructed from other cells and technology specific devices. Terminals for interconnecting cells are explicitly named, and may be accessed in a symbolic fashion from the language. The restriction of methods of interconnecting cells to simple abutment and specific wiring provides a simple and clear method of maintaining the connectivity of the design. The methodology proposed obviates the need for overly complex geometrical design rules. Other tools will provide design compaction, mask generation, and circuit extraction using a technology specific database and the design description.
An inquiry into the computer automation of super markets
Authors: Ronald R. Segel
Venue: Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting (1961)

In this day of automation, one fertile field has barely been scratched and it is strange because of the fact that it is in an area used by all of us. I have reference to the checkout systems in today's supermarkets. Stores are losing customers because of the long and annoying wait for service at the checkout counter. Since supermarkets make their money on a high-volume low-net business, a reduction in customer flow can be disastrous. A computer automated system is being discussed in this paper. Its ultimate goal is; to eliminate the checker who looks at the merchandise and operates the cash register, to automatically place the merchandise in bags, and to keep a running inventory for ordering and auditing. The first section considers what may be called the philosophical part of the problem. It considers such questions as, &ldquo;Who will unload carts as the customer enters the checkstand? After the automatic machine rings up and tabulates the bill, who will put the merchandise in bags? Where will the customer pay for his merchandise? Will pilfering increase? Will customers think that they are being pushed around and will they resent the loss of the human touch?&rdquo; The non-food items carried in today's supermarkets and the very large and very small packages, as well as wet and fragile items, will all have to be carefully handled and considered.
A multi-layer classifier for recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals
Authors: Gwo-En Wang, Jhing-Fa Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

A hierarchical architecture for recognition of the unconstrained handwritten numerals is proposed. In the first stage of preclassification, a set of structural features named four-zone codes is adopted to preclassify the numerals. Due to the large degree of data and distortion of characters, it is possible to classify two different numerals with same features into a class. A secondary preclassification that utilizes topological stroke features is presented to solve this ambiguity. In order to promote the recognition rate to be a practical OCR system, a three layer Bayesian neural network with 20 dimensional global feature vectors is designed for fine classification of the confusing classes. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the proposed hierarchical OCR system for handwritten numerals is over 99.82% based on 15423 samples.
A simulation model of GECOS III
Authors: Kenneth E. Norland, William C. Bulgren
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

A simulation model for a multiprogramming operating system has been devised and programmed in Simscript. Essential elements of the environment have been included such as job arrival rate, maximum number of jobs, the operating system overhead and peripheral and core allocation. Some allowances are made for time-sharing, as well as remote and normal batch jobs. The model is patterned basically after GECOS III, on the H-600 line computer. The hardware constraints considered when necessary are those of the H-635. Some results of the investigation are presented, such as lengths of various queues and also resource utilization on a typical installation.
An automated method for designing logic circuit diagnostic programs
Authors: Masaaki Nagamine
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Design Automation Workshop (1971)

This presentation describes a method for generating functional test programs for Large Scale Integrated Circuits (LSI) and Logic Cards having hundreds of logic gates. J. P. Roth's D-Algorithm, and S. Seshu's Logic Simulation Method have both been used extensively for generating logic circuit test patterns. We have developed a more efficient method which incorporates both of these methods. The new method solves diagnostic problems related to the logical circuits obtained by partitioning logic circuits making up the digital hardware. In this presentation, we describe a test pattern generating method, and an Automatic Diagnostic Program Generator (ADP-3) using this method with a FACOM 230-60 computer.
Access control in a relational data base management system by query modification
Authors: Michael Stonebraker, Eugene Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1 (1974)

This work describes the access control system being implemented in INGRES (INteractive Graphics and REtrieval System). The scheme can be applied to any relational data base management system and has several advantages over other suggested schemes. These include: a) implementation easeb) small execution time overheadc) powerful and flexible controlsd) conceptual simplicityThe basic idea utilized is that a user interaction with the data base is modified to an alternate form which is guaranteed to have no access violations. This modification takes place in a high level interaction language. Hence, the processing of a resulting interaction can be accomplished with no further regard for protection. In particular, any procedure calls in the access paths for control purposes, such as in [1,2], are avoided.
Automating the design of microprocessor-based real time control systems
Authors: M. N. Matelan
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

Many facets of Computer Science and associated technologies may be profitably viewed as dedicated real time control activities. Production of systems to exercise such control has been difficult and costly. An abstract model of the process of producing these systems is presented. The model indicates three areas of the design problem amenable to automation: l) the selection and configuration of hardware; 2) the production of software, and 3) the selection of a monitor to maintain real time integrity of the entire system. The concept of hardware binding is introduced and it is shown that delaying the point in the design cycle where hardware is functionally bound allows a new approach to machine independence. Techniques which allow expression of repetitive control situations are described, as are methods for automatically selecting a time-wise correct monitor. A language bringing together these concepts is outlined and a system to automate the production of real time control systems is briefly described. The system is intended to produce a hardware configuration listing and software which together form a complete dedicated real time controller.
Design of instruction set architectures for support of high-level languages
Authors: Pradip Bose, Edward S. Davidson
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1984)

Conventional instruction sets or directly interpretable languages (DILs) have not been designed with high-level languages (HLLs) in mind. The modern design problem is to derive a space-time efficient DIL for a HLL processing system. In this paper, we present our approach to the problem of designing well-matched, space-time efficient DILs. A systematic, syntax- and semantics-directed DIL design methodology is presented. It calls for an incremental transformation of the source HLL, until a suitable target DIL is obtained. At the heart of the methodology is a canonic set of language transformations. An experimental study, involving several systematically derived DILs is carried out in order to characterize the relative merits and disadvantages of various sequences of transformations. Various space, time and interpretability trade-offs implied by the transformations are studied.
A computational structure for color perception
Authors: Kenneth R. Sloan,  Jr., Ruzena Bajcsy
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 annual conference (1975)

The problem of constructing an artificial vision system which reflects the limitations and illusions, as well as the power, of human color perception is considered. Several major theories and models of color perception are reviewed and considered in terms of their ability to explain observed color phenomena and their ease of implementation in an artificial system. The opponent-colors model is used the as basis for an implementation of such a system, and the implementation is described briefly.
Mechanisms for the delivery of documentation services to users
Authors: Steven L. Huyser
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1977)

In a university environment few computer centers can function effectively by providing their users with only one form of documentation. The diversity of the user community usually demands the production of different types of documentation. This invariably leads to redundancy&mdash;the same information being presented different ways in divergent media. For a user services group to function with any semblance of efficiency and effectiveness, the forms in which documentation is to be offered to users must be carefully selected and coordinated. This paper will explore traditional and more recently developed documentation media and how different media can be used in the same organization without placing unacceptable strains on the available resources&mdash;human and material.
Invited papers: The legal implications of the computer revolution
Authors: R. N. Freed
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

This paper will consider some of the legal implications of computer applications in business and industry, and indicate how computer specialists can perform a valuable function by integrating legal considerations with technical aspects and other factors from the very outset of the planning stage.
Adaptive data partitioning for MPEG-2 video transmission over ATM based networks
Authors: Wenjun Luo, M. El Zarki
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

For high-end real-time video services, a layered source coding (LSC) scheme should generate a high priority (HP) layer which meets the following two criteria: 1) the HP data can be guaranteed to be delivered in a simple and efficient manner by a network usage parameter control (UPC) function such as the leaky bucket (LB) control; and 2) the HP layer should carry enough high visual quality. This paper investigates different data partitioning (DP) schemes for this purpose. Based upon the characteristics of the human visual system and the MPEG traffic characteristics, an adaptive DP scheme is implemented that achieves an acceptable compromise between high visual quality and low bit rate requirement during periods of long bursts.
Function Design Document: Toward better documentation for data processing contracts
Authors: Steven Brower
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Systems documentation (1982)

Discussions of data processing contracts often emphasize the goals of: 1)negotiating the best possible deal; and, 2) protecting the parties in case of dispute. Considering the expense, delay and frustration wrought by disputes, especially when litigation results, an equally valuable goal is the preparation of contracts in such a way as to avoid disputes. The author proposes that this goal be furthered by development of a documentation standard, to be known for purposes of this discussion as a &ldquo;Function Design Document&rdquo; (FDD). The FDD would be produced before a contract for software services products (SS P)1 was entered into. The FDD would ideally require both parties to clearly define the functionality of the particular SS P. A contract could then be entered into under which each party knew its own obligations as well as the expectations of the other party. Consideration is also given to the way in which the FDD should be handled, from a legal standpoint, since the possibility of a dispute cannot be ignored.
Personal computing: An adventure of the mind.
Authors: David C. Rine
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1980)

&ldquo;A National Educational TV Series at Pre-College Level for Personal Computing and Computer Literacy&rdquo;, David C. Rine, Western Illinois University. Under grants from the IEEE Computer Society, The Johns Hopkins University, Radio Shack and other agencies, the International Instructional TV Cooperative, source of instructional TV materials to all educational TV networks nation-wide and internationally, has finished and is marketing the implementation of a six-course national educational TV series aimed at the pre-college level in the area of personal computing and computer literacy. The name of the project is &ldquo;Personal Computing: An Adventure of the Mind&rdquo;. The objectives of this new series are to illustrate the uses of personal computing, to demonstrate the interface of humans and machines, to identify the fundamentals of communication in personal computing, and to motivate students to be innovative in their own applications of personal computing. Since the personal computer is viewed by many as a mind multiplier, a further objective of this educational TV series is to greatly increase the number of minds that can be multiplied, by taking Personal Computing to millions of children in classrooms across the country. Education and informational programs are closely allied in that both attempt to communicate facts, concepts, and ideas. Both need to be designed with specific objectives in mind. Some of the objectives to be discussed are both attitudinal and informational in nature; that is, they deal with feelings as well as facts. The underlying thrust throughout is that . . . LEARNING CAN BE FUN!
The fast Fourier transform its role as an algebraic algorithm
Authors: John D. Lipson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

In the past decade the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform (FFT) [1] has achieved the status of a &ldquo;super&rdquo; algorithm. As a numerical (complex field) algorithm, the FFT has revolutionized large scale time series analysis in a way that counts most&mdash;economic. (See, e.g., Refs. 3-6.) Since the late sixties, the FFT has also emerged as an important algebraic(abstract field) algorithm, with many interesting applications to the theory and practice of algebraic computing. The abstract character of the FFT, in particular its role as an algebraic algorithm, is what this paper is about. Our discussion centres around the following questions: 1. What is the discreteFourier transform? 2. What is the fastFourier transform? 3. What is its role in algebraiccomputing? 4. Is a finite field(mod p) FFT feasible?
Teaching database concepts with seed
Authors: Ronald S. King
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1983)

This paper describes a course in database design taught at Baylor, including a course catalog overview, course outline, related SEED assignments, team oriented term projects, and finally, student reactions to the course.
The relative importance of sources of information for keeping programmers up-to-date
Authors: Robert P. Taylor, James Fisher
Venue: Proceedings of the sixteenth annual SIGCPR conference (1979)

This paper reports on an extension of survey research begun in 1977 and reported previously. [1], [2] The first phase of that research dealt with how practicing programmers keep up to date, investigating the effects of educational background, age, working environment, and other factors on how up to date the programmers claimed to be [1]. The measure of being up to date was based on the programmer's response to a multiple-item question about programming practice. That item included four sub-items involving structured programming concepts; the respondent's combined &ldquo;score&rdquo; on these four sub-items was the key. The original questionnaire is reproduced in Figure 1. The sub-items are 16A through 16D. In the second phase, the same questionnaire, unmodified, was administered to a different group of programmers and the results compared.
Source-to-source translation: Ada to Pascal and Pascal to Ada
Authors: Paul F. Albrecht, Phillip E. Garrison, Susan L. Graham, Robert H. Hyerle, Patricia Ip, Bernd Krieg Brückner
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM-SIGPLAN symposium on The ADA programming language (1980)

An implementation of translators between Ada and Pascal is described. The method used is to define subsets of each language between which there is a straightforward translation and to translate each source program to its respective sublanguage by program transformations. A common internal tree representation is used. The underlying organization of the translators is described, and some of the difficulties we have confronted and solved are discussed.
Government interest and involvement in DA from the Sandia viewpoint
Authors: C. W. Gwyn
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

Sandia National Laboratories is owned by the Department of Energy (DOE) and operated under contract by Western Electric. The basic charter of the laboratory includes the development of systems for military, satellite and energy programs for DOE, DOD, and NASA. To support the development of modern electronic systems, a custom integrated circuit design and fabrication facility has been developed. This capability was initially established to fill a void in the availability of custom radiation-hardened integrated circuit designs and fabrication services as a result of scarce and/or unavailable commercial resources during the mid 1970s and has evolved to support in-house design and production of custom, high reliability, radiation-hardened circuits. The Sandia design and fabrication resources are utilized by a number of government agencies and have recently been designated by the Department of Energy as the Center for Radiation-hardened Microelectronics (CRM). The successful development of the CAD system will meet the CRM objectives in establishing a basic LSI/VLSI design system which can be replicated at other government laboratories or contractors.
Computational experience with a modification of an algorithm by Hammer and Rudeanu for 0-1 linear programming
Authors: Frantisek Fiala
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

The acceleration algorithm by Hammer and Rudeanu (1) for linear zero-one programming problem was tested with several problems of small and medium size involving up to 300 variables on an IBM 360/67. The problems were chosen at random. Several modifications of the algorithm are discussed and computational experience is collected. The results shown indicate that the algorithm is computationally competitive with the other known algorithms using implicit enumeration. For all problems solved the first feasible solution is optimal. This supports the conjecture that the algorithm can be used as a procedure for finding a near optimal solution.