ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Automatic Exposure Control in Digital Mammography: Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Versus Average Glandular Dose
Authors: Gisella Gennaro, Paola Golinelli, Elena Bellan, Paola Colombo, Loredana D'Ercole, Anna Nallo, Lara Gallo, Carlo Giordano, Gabriele Meliadò, Barbara Morri, Elvina Nassivera, Nadia Oberhofer, Daniela Origgi, Massimiliano Paolucci, Nicoletta Paruccini, Michela Piergentili, Elisa Rizzi, Raffaella Rossi
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Digital Mammography (2008)

Performance of Automatic Exposure control in several digital mammography systems (both CR and DR) were evaluated. The test procedure applied was that proposed by the European Guidelines, which requires measurement of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) produced by 0.2 mm Al superimposed on variable polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) thicknesses. PMMA layers were exposed by full automatic techniques and average glandular dose (AGD) determined. Results demonstrated that AGD values keep below the acceptable limits for all CR and DR systems at almost all equivalent breast thicknesses. CNR absolute values per each thickness can significantly vary, depending on characteristics of each type of equipment. The application of limits suggested by the European Guidelines for CNR variation with reference to 50 mm PMMA causes systematic failure for equivalent breast thickness above 50 mm; this may be due to the contradiction between the principles followed by the manufacturers to designed the AEC (signal constancy) and those proposed by the European protocol (CNR constancy).
The solution of partial differential equations by difference methods using the electronic differential analyzer
Authors: R. M. Howe, V. S. Haneman
Venue: Proceedings of the February 4-6, 1953, western computer conference (1953)

Partial differential equations can be approximated by systems of simultaneous ordinary differential equations by replacing one or more of the partial derivatives by the appropriate finite differences. The resulting systems of equations can sometimes be solved directly by an electric analog computer employing passive circuits (e.g. the Caltech analog computer), or by an electronic differential analyzer employing feedback amplifiers (e.g. the Reeves Electronic Analog Computer). The latter type of computer has several important advantages, including versatility, ability to handle nonlinear partial differential equations, and flexibility in selecting time scales. Both theoretical analysis of the accuracies attainable with the difference method and actual solution examples using the electronic differential analyzer are described. Types of partial differential equations considered include the heat, wave, and beam equations. Real-time simulation of aircraft structures is discussed. The actual computer solutions were carried out on the electronic differential analyzer of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering. As a result of the promise shown by the difference method discussed in this report, construction of an 80--amplifier analyzer has begun.
Video Affective Content Representation and Recognition Using Video Affective Tree and Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Kai Sun, Junqing Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (2007)

A video affective content representation and recognition framework based on Video Affective Tree (VAT) and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) is presented. Video affective content units in different granularities are firstly located by excitement intensity curves, and then the selected affective content units are used to construct VAT. According to the excitement intensity curve the affective intensity of each affective content unit at different levels of VAT can also be quantified into several levels from weak to strong. Many middle-level audio and visual affective features, which represent emotional characteristics, are designed and extracted to construct observation vectors. Based on these observation vector sequences HMMs-based video affective content recognizers are trained and tested to recognize the basic emotional events of audience (joy, anger, sadness and fear). The experimental results show that the proposed framework is not only suitable for a broad range of video affective understanding applications, but also capable of representing affective semantics in different granularities.
Target Tracking in Interference Environments Reinforcement Learning and Design for Cognitive Radar Soft Processing
Authors: Feng Zhou, Deyun Zhou, Geng Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 4 - Volume 04 (2008)

For target tracking in Interference Environments of cognitive radar problem, Extended Karman, Particle filter algorithms etc. are generally used to be regarded as usual solutions to state estimation. Many techniques have been developed to improve performance of target tracking. In this paper, we set the structure and key features of target's tracking design for cognitive radar, and newly propose cognitive tracking filter algorithm based on the VS multiple models PF (VS-MMPF), Elman NN and the group methods for data processing (GMDH). The cognitive tracking algorithm is capable of solving the accuracy of the estimation around the likely points. We applied the proposed algorithm to the cognitive radar tracking problems especially emphasis on reinforcement learning, choice of algorithms, recognizing severe circumstances and information preservation. Simulation results showed that the design of cognitive tracking had superior performance on the accuracy and robust of tracking, compared with the general approaches.
Implementing the e-APEC Strategy
Authors: Staff
Venue: I-WAYS - The Journal of E-Government Policy and Regulation (2005)

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), composed of 23 economies has designed an e-APEC strategy, through the assistance of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC). This strategy has been endorsed by conferences of senior level officials that agreed the region must fully embrace the emerging technologies and integrate them into the region's economic life. Their goal is to ensure that every APEC economy could be more productive, better prepared to compete in global markets and provide a higher quality of life and better living standards for their people. This report reviews accomplishments and shortcomings of the e-APEC program since it was initiated. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Dynamical Effect on Tick-Wise Price Predictions
Authors: Mieko Tanaka-Yamawaki, Keita Awaji
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part II (2008)

We attempt to incorporate dynamical effect to the tick-wise price prediction, in order to improve performance of the autonomous price prediction generator we construct. Our assumption is that such dynamical effect is carried by local parameters including derivatives of the price (velocities and accelerations) in addition to the price itself, and two dimensionless parameters constructed by using the derivatives. For this purpose, we add a new procedure to the prediction generator that computes derivatives of the data from each segment of the price time series and label that segment by those dynamical parameters. We show in this paper that this dynamical version of the price generator indeed performs better compared to the old version.
Unsupervised Riemannian Clustering of Probability Density Functions
Authors: Alvina Goh, René Vidal
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases - Part I (2008)

We present an algorithm for grouping families of probability density functions (pdfs). We exploit the fact that under the square-root re-parametrization, the space of pdfs forms a Riemannian manifold, namely the unit Hilbert sphere. An immediate consequence of this re-parametrization is that different families of pdfs form different submanifolds of the unit Hilbert sphere. Therefore, the problem of clustering pdfs reduces to the problem of clustering multiple submanifolds on the unit Hilbert sphere. We solve this problem by first learning a low-dimensional representation of the pdfs using generalizations of local nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms from Euclidean to Riemannian spaces. Then, by assuming that the pdfs from different groups are separated, we show that the null space of a matrix built from the local representation gives the segmentation of the pdfs. We also apply of our approach to the texture segmentation problem in computer vision.
Photo Retrieval: Multimedia's Chance to Solve a Real Problem for Real People
Authors: Ramesh Jain
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2007)

The author points out the very real problems that major search engines have in retrieving images, videos, and photos, and suggests concrete ways to rethink and improve the image and search retrieval process.
Evaluating a Case-Based Classifier for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Suzanne Little, Ovidio Salvetti, Petra Perner
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2008)

Many medical diagnosis applications are characterized by datasets that contain under-represented classes due to the fact that the disease appears more rarely than the normal case. In such a situation classifiers that generalize over the data such as decision trees and Naïve Bayesian are not the proper choice as classification methods. Case-based classifiers that can work on the samples seen so far are more appropriate for such a task. We propose to calculate the contingency table and class specific evaluation measures despite the overall accuracy for evaluation purposes of classifiers for these specific data characteristics. We evaluate the different options of our case-based classifier and compare the performance to decision trees and Naïve Bayesian. Finally, we give an outlook for further work.
An application of stochastic analysis on beam bending problem
Authors: Mladen Meštrovic
Venue: Proceedings of the American Conference on Applied Mathematics (2008)

The beam height is assumed to have spatial uncertainty. The formulation to determine the response variability of the beam due to randomness of beam height is given. The concept of variability response function is extended to beam bending problem where the beam height is considered to be one-dimensional, homogenous stochastic field. The randomness of the beam height has than influence not only on the flexural rigidity of the beam, but also on the self-weight load of the beam. Through the proposed formulation, it becomes possible for the weighted integral stochastic finite element analysis to consider complete influence of uncertain geometrical property on response variability.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: New and Future Developments
Authors: Amos Bairoch
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences (2008)

The Swiss-Prot knowledgebase [1] was created in 1986. It is now the cornerstone of the UniProt consortium [2] efforts that aims to provide to life scientists a wide range of information concerning proteins.UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot provides concise, but thorough, descriptions of a non-redundant set of proteins, including their function, domain structure, post-translational modifications and variants. Swiss-Prot is tightly integrated with other databases, allowing the user to move seamlessly from sequence-based information to related information such as a protein's three-dimensional structure or its coding sequence. High quality manual annotation is what makes Swiss-Prot so useful to its academic and industrial users. Its unparalleled level of annotation is the fruit of manual curation by highly qualified biologists, who use their understanding of biology and the vast amount of information available in the scientific literature to provide accurate descriptions of each protein's features.The driving factors in the development of the knowledgebase are: To constantly add new entries; To regularly update existing entries by adding newly available data; To provide new type of information; To standardize existing information to facilitate their retrieval and programmatic access by bioinformatics tools.
Combined Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry and Line Integral Convolution Methods: Application to a Sphere Sedimenting Near a Wall in a Non-Newtonian Fluid
Authors: N. J. Lawson, M. V. Finnis, J. A. Tatum, G. M. Harrison
Venue: Journal of Visualization (2005)

The flow fields for a sphere sedimenting through a Newtonian and two non-Newtonian liquids near a wall in a square tank are investigated using 3-D stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) and line integral convolution (LIC) methods. The PIV data were taken using an angular stereoscopic configuration with tilt and shift arrangements for the Scheimpflug condition and a pair of liquid correction prisms. Data were recorded from planes perpendicular and parallel to the wall for each fluid case over a range of distances from the wall. The PIV and LIC results highlight significant differences in the wake structure for all three cases. Out of plane flow was also found to persist up to two sphere diameters downstream in the wake for all cases.
Analytic Modeling and Simulating of the Cornea with Finite Element Method
Authors: Jie-Zhen Xie, Bo-Liang Wang, Ying Ju, Shi-Hui Wu
Venue: Medical Imaging and Informatics: 2nd International Conference, MIMI 2007, Beijing, China, August 14-16, 2007 Revised Selected Papers (2008)

Finite element analysis is a useful tool for modeling surgical effects on the cornea and developing a better understanding of the biomechanics of the cornea. In this paper we proposed a method of building a physical model of the cornea with finite element method. Firstly, an individual 3D modal model of cornea was constructed. Then the finite element model was built up based on a nonlinearly elastic, isotropic formulation. Finally, the intra-ocular pressure and external pressure were simulated with results of cornea shape changes computed via finite element analysis.
Workload Characterization of the SPECpower_ssj2008 Benchmark
Authors: Larry D. Gray, Anil Kumar, Harry H. Li
Venue: Proceedings of the SPEC international workshop on Performance Evaluation: Metrics, Models and Benchmarks (2008)

SPEC has recently released SPECpower_ssj2008, the first industry benchmark which measures performance and power of volume server class computers using graduated load levels. In this paper, we present a brief overview and an initial characterization of this benchmark by measuring the system resource utilization with the aid of processor monitoring events at graduated load levels and by comparing the sensitivity of final metric and other related data between various configurations consisting of hardware changes as well as software changes on Quad Core Intel Xeon processor based servers. Even though this is early data from a specific platform and OS, it still validates many expected patterns and opens exciting new opportunities for researchers to investigate specific areas as well as in-depth characterization as a next step.
A Subsection Storage Policy in Intelligent RAID-Based Object Storage Device
Authors: Dan Feng, Qiang Zou, Lei Tian, Ling-Fang Zeng, Ling-Jun Qin
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems (2007)

With the development of network storage technology, some massive storage system architectures have exposed some drawbacks. How to remove the server bottleneck and decrease the loss rate of I/O requests have become an issue of increasing importance in the designing of network storage systems. In this paper, object-based storage system (OBSS) and RAID-based object storage device (RAID-based OSD) are briefly presented. Based on RAID-based OSD, an object subsection storage policy for the hot object files is put forward to increase the acceptance rate of I/O requests and improve the I/O performance of OBSS. Analytical and experimental results show that it is reasonable and effective.
A Systematic Approach to Connectors in a Multi-level Modeling Environment
Authors: Matthias Gutheil, Bastian Kennel, Colin Atkinson
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (2008)

The advantage of supporting a uniform modeling approach across multiple, logical (or ontological) instantiation levels has been well documented in the literature. However, the published approaches for achieving this have focused on making it possible for classes and objects to be treated uniformly across multiple instantiation levels, but have neglected the problems involved in doing the same thing for "connectors" (i.e. concepts rendered as edges in graph based depiction of models rather than nodes). On closer examination, this turns out to be a significant problem, because without an effective strategy for modeling connectors in a uniform way, multi-level modeling as a whole is not possible. In this paper we describe the problems arising from the way in which connectors (e.g. associations, links, generalizations etc.) are currently supported in mainstream modeling languages such as the UML and why they are incompatible with multi-level modeling. We then define three fundamental connector rendering and representation principles that rectify the identified problems.
4D-PTV: Measurements of an Impinged Jet with a Dynamic 3D-PTV
Authors: T. G. Hwang, D. H. Doh, K. Okamoto
Venue: Journal of Visualization (2005)

4D-PTV system was constructed. The measurement system consists of three high-speed high-definition cameras (1k &times; 1k, 2000 fps), Nd-Yag laser (2000 Hz) and a host computer. The GA-3D-PTV algorithm was used for completing the measurement system. The 4D-PTV is capable of probing the spatial distribution of velocity vectors of the flow field overcoming the temporal resolution of the characteristic turbulence length scales of the measured flow fields. A horizontal impinged jet flow (H/D=7) was measured. The Reynolds number is about 33,000. Spatial temporal evolution of the jet flow was examined and physical properties such as spatial distributions of vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy were obtained with the constructed system.
Computer games-based learning: research and initiatives
Authors: Michael Meimaris
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts (2008)

Besides the long-ago established importance of gameplay as a privileged framework for learning and socialization, which promotes equality alongside with acceptance of differences, motivation through challenge and absence of punishment in the case or errors, modern digital games enjoy a number of additional features such as their enhanced capability to simulate real-world and everyday-life situations in a straightforward fashion, as well as their ability to attract player's engagement through augmented playability mechanisms and balanced game feedback. All these features make digital games a most promising learning tool, in both formal and informal settings and for general and special education alike. This keynote talk will revolve around research practices and initiatives in the area of computer-based learning, conducted by the New Technologies Laboratory in Communication, Education and the Mass Media of the University of Athens. Major emphasis will be placed on the defined learning framework for a specialized formation program for primary, secondary and special education teachers supporting students with mild mental retardation (MMR) and on the research and development, along the lines of this framework, of digital games-based learning (DGBL) material for MMR students deployed and tested within the special classroom, as part of practical seminars and hands-on activities. This work is conducted in the context of the EPINOISI R&D project (http://www.media.uoa.gr/epinoisi). The digital games-based material for MMR students currently under development within the EPINOISI project is based on game applications already available as well as developed from scratch, covering subject matter relevant to language and mathematics skills for everyday life, interpersonal relations and communication, acquaintance with adult life, selected topics from the curriculum of secondary special education, as well as digital creative activities.
Reasoned and institutional explanations for the use of software development project management practices
Authors: Robert W. Zmud, Shaila M. Miranda
Venue:  (2007)

Abstract not available.
Intelligent Third-Person Control of 3D Avatar Motion
Authors: Chun-Chieh Chen, Tsai-Yen Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Smart Graphics (2007)

Interactive control of 3D avatar motions has important applications in computer games and animations. Most of the current games directly map the inputs of a user into canned motions of the 3D character under control. However, an ideal user interface should be more like a human moving in the real life where appropriate motions are chosen according to the environment in the front. In this paper, we have developed an intelligent control interface that helps the user to look ahead a few steps and search a motion library organized in a motion graph for the most appropriate motion for execution. The search is conducted incrementally with the best effort in each frame according to a given available time budget. We have developed a best-first strategy to maintain the search tree in a way that the number of useful nodes is kept as large as possible. Experiments on several example scenes have been conducted to illustrate how this mechanism can enhance the usability of 3D avatar control from a third-person view.
STORMED Hybrid Systems
Authors: Vladimeros Vladimerou, Pavithra Prabhakar, Mahesh Viswanathan, Geir Dullerud
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th international colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Part II (2008)

We introduce STORMED hybrid systems, a decidable class of hybrid systems which is similar to o-minimal hybrid automata in that the continuous dynamics and constraints are described in an o-minimal theory. However, unlike o-minimal hybrid automata, the variables are not initialized in a memoryless fashion at discrete steps. STORMED hybrid systems require flows which are monotonic with respect to some vector in the continuous space and can be characterised as bounded-horizon systems in terms of their discrete transitions. We demonstrate that such systems admit a finite bisimulation, which can be effectively constructed provided the o-minimal theory used to describe the system is decidable. As a consequence, many verification problems for such systems have effective decision algorithms.
Customizing Choreography: Deriving Conversations from Organizational Dependencies
Authors: Ayman Mahfouz, Leonor Barroca, Robin Laney, Bashar Nuseibeh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (2008)

Evolving business needs call for customizable choreographed interactions. However, choreography descriptions do not capture the problem-domain knowledge required to perform the customization effectively. Hence, we propose performing the customization to models of organizational requirements motivating the interaction. To facilitate the derivation of the resulting choreography description, we propose an alignment between conversations and organizational dependencies. We employ the domain knowledge and formal semantics of requirements models to find customization alternatives and reason about them. Using the alignment, we derive constraints on conversations systematically from customized requirements models.