ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A perspective on data base systems in the Federal Government
Authors: John Kramer, Lloyd Martin, Lester Sachs
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference - Volume 2 (1978)

Data base systems are being more widely used in the Federal Government as well as in other segments of our economy. A variety of data processing schemes are being used in implementing the data base approach. Three different schemes in use or being developed for use in the Federal Government will be described in this session. They not only differ from each other in their approach but they are also at different stages of development. The system in the Bureau of Naval Personnel has been implemented using TOTAL and ISAM with a central IBM 370/165 computer and various distributed minicomputers. The system in the Defense Communications Agency is under development and will use a decentralized array of minicomputers. Both of these systems employ current technology and &ldquo;off the shelf&rdquo; components. The system in the Social Security Administration requires an advance in technology. It is still in the planning stages and envisions using a back end processor.
An approach to implementing a relational data management system
Authors: James B. Rothnie,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) workshop on Data description, access and control (1974)

One of the key developments in data base technology in recent years has been the introduction of the relation as a model for a data base and its manipulation language. This article begins with a very brief discussion of this concept particularly as it relates to the interlinking of file entries. The bulk of the paper addresses the difficult problem of efficiently implementing relational selection criteria and proposes a technique for handling a subset of these retrieval requests. The suggested scheme is sufficiently modular to admit the use of a wide variety of storage structures and search strategies. The method has been implemented and example results of experiments with the technique are presented.
Computer science in industry (Panel Discussion)
Authors: Tom Bredt, Charles Lobb, Nell B. Dale
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1981)

The first three panelists will give a short presentation on the computer science education program at their location covering the purpose of the programs, its goals, the curriculum, the instruction methods, and their experience with the program. The fourth panelist will then discuss industrial education programs from the perspective of having participanted in them as an instructor. A general discussion will follow the formal presentations.
A collection of graph analysis APL functions
Authors: E. Girard, D. Bastin, J. C. Rault
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on APL (1972)

A set of functions dealing with graph theory is presented: graph description, modifications, k-connectivity analysis, and search for paths with given properties. Graph coding coherence and the modularity of APL functions enable one to link these different procedures at will and to use them in such different problems as digital circuit implementation, fault detection, and I. C. mask layout.
BLAISE - 1726
Authors: Richard Belgard
Venue: Supplement to the conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

Microprogramming as a valuable tool for both experimental and production products is shown through the effective realization of an alien, experimental architecture by a microprogrammable host machine Described is the micro-implementation of the BLAISE machine on the Burroughs B1726. Some of the features of the high-level language oriented architecture are discussed with respect to implementation schemes. A structured micro- program organization is presented, illustrating the benefits of the approach
&ldquo;Implementation of a space planning system in a small scale architecture office&rdquo;
Authors: D. R. Fullenwider, C. E. Reeder
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop (1973)

An operational CAD system for assisting office planners in designing large office interiors considering functional, physical, and organizational interactions.
A short discussion of interprocess communication in the sue/360/370 operating system
Authors: Richard C. Holt, Marc S. Grushcow
Venue: Proceeding of ACM SIGPLAN - SIGOPS interface meeting on Programming languages - operating systems (1973)

This paper presents the interprocess communication/synchronization scheme used in the SUE operating system. This scheme is based on a tree structure of processes which are called &ldquo;facilities&rdquo; and three primitive operations: Facility Call, Accept Facility Call, and Complete Facility Call. These primitives are implemented by a small &ldquo;Kernel&rdquo; which is the basis of the operating system.
Computer graphics and microprocessors
Authors: N. Radhakrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

The objective of this panel is to provide an overview of developments in the interactive computer graphics area as they relate to microprocessors. Topics to be addressed will include integrated work station concepts, graphics in education, graphics implementation in firmware, business and scientific applications using graphics and microprocessors. Brief presentations will be made by the panelists followed by a discussion session that would invite audience participation on the topics. Panel members will be drawn from industry, university, and government.
Acm committee on self-assessment(Panel-4): Programming skills/techniques test items: source and evaluation
Authors: Terry J Frederick
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 annual conference (1975)

This panel session is organized to acquaint the audience with the current status of ACM's role in self-assessment for the computer professional. The session will be primarily concerned with test-item sources and test-item evaluation in the area of programming skills and techniques as defined by the following eleven items from R. Berger's AFIPS Report on COMPUTER PROGRAMMER JOB ANALYSIS: Input/output buffering, sequential search, Modular organization of a program and its data, Subroutine linkage/link editing, Programmed switches (in program logic/flow of control), Program annotation, Table look up - for finding function values, Indexing - address modification, Diagnostic messages, Desk checking and Compiler/assembler diagnostics.
Effect of font and medium on recognition/confusion
Authors: S. M. Gupta, L. H. Geyer, J. A. Maalouf
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

Systematic differences in recognition/confusion due to font variation is estimated by using confusion matrices of the full 26 capital letters of the English alphabet in 5 &times; 7 dot matrix font and &ldquo;Keepsake&rdquo; conventional stroke font. Average correct recognition was controlled to 50% by limiting brightness and duration of tachistoscopic displays for each font to individually determined levels for each of the four subjects. Each stimulus symbol was presented 45 times to each subject, resulting in 180 trials per letter per font. By comparing the obtained data to that reported by Townsend (1971), Craig (1979) and Gilmore et al.(1979), estimates of the differences in recognition/confusion attributable to medium, font and subject differences were isolated. This comparison reveals a substantial difference in recognition/confusion processes when the observer sees the display on a video screen versus seeing it projected on a white screen.
A simulation study for the design of an air terminal building
Authors: Samuel Eilon, Stephen C. Mathewson
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

The paper considers the use of simulation in the design of an airport passenger terminal building. Results from a typical study are shown and discussed. The conclusion is drawn that whereas a conventional simulation approach offers many advantages in describing reality, the cost and complexity of analysis make it an impractical operative tool. Instead a simpler method is suggested, which may be used in conjunction with simulation or in its own right. The paper discusses the implications of this method for: 1. Design and evaluation of a model 2. Reduction of variance and improved efficiency in use of simulation 3. Integrated real-time management/computer control.
What do novice programmers know about recursion
Authors: Hank Kahney
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

Recent research into differences between novice and expert computer programmers has provided evidence that experts know more than novices, and what they know is better organized. The conclusion is only as interesting as it is intuitive. This paper reports an experiment which was designed to determine precisely what novice programmers understand about the behaviour of recursive procedures, and exactly how their understanding differs from an expert's understanding of the process. The results show that different novices understand, or misunderstand, different things. Implications of the findings are discussed with respect to other research into novice and expert programming performance.
The role of software tools in the development of the ECLIPSE&reg; MV/8000 microcode
Authors: Neal R. Firth
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1980)

This paper presents an overview of the software tools used in the development of the microcode for Data General's new 32 bit processor the ECLIPSE MV/8000. Included in this overview is a brief description of each of the tools, and the design philosophies used during their development.
Alternative Approaches To Wiring The Office Of The Future (Panel Discussion)
Authors: John F. Shoch
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

There has been an increasing evolution of local computer networks in recent years, designed to provide digital communications among locally distributed users. Many of the prototype systems have been aimed at the same rough design targets: &mdash;providing a total bandwidth of one to five megabits per second, &mdash;serving a community of several hundred stations, and &mdash;spanning a distance of about a kilometer, in a building or small campus environment. A major objective has been to take advantage of increasing computing capability&mdash;particularly in single user, powerful personal computers&mdash;while exploring alternative architectures for distributing various computing functions and applications.
Fault-tolerant wafer-scale architectures for VLSI
Authors: Donald Fussell, Peter Varman
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1982)

The basic problem which limits both yields and chip sizes is the fact that circuits created using current design techniques will not function correctly in the presence of even a single flaw of sufficient size anywhere on the chip. In this work we examine the problem of constructing chips up to the size of a wafer which operate correctly despite the presence of such flaws. This can be accomplished by building on the wafer a nearest-neighbor network of small, independent, asynchronously communicating modules. A specific algorithm to be performed by the wafer is then mapped onto a fault-free subgraph of the network. We are interested in algorithms which map naturally onto a linear array of identical processors. Construction of fault-tolerant implementations of these algorithms is addressed in two contexts. First we consider the general problem of finding a fault-free subgraph of the host network which is isomorphic to the linear array required to solve a problem. We then examine ways to tailor a specific, known algorithm to the fault-tolerant context.
Load balancing in homogeneous broadcast distributed systems
Authors: Miron Livny, Myron Melman
Venue: Proceedings of the Computer Network Performance Symposium (1982)

Three different load balancing algorithms for distributed systems that consist of a number of identical processors and a CSMA communication system are presented in this paper. Some of the properties of a multi-resource system and the balancing process are demonstrated by an analytic model. Simulation is used as a mean for studying the interdependency between the parameters of the distributed system and the behaviour of the balancing algorithm. The results of this study shed light on the characteristics of the load balancing process.
Resource allocations and other managerial uses of a general simulation model for outpatient clinics
Authors: Edward F. Stafford,  Jr., F. Paul Wyman
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1977)

This paper demonstrates certain managerial uses of a general simulation model for multifacility outpatient clinics. A major experiment involving the allocation of scarce funds is described; this experiment involved either adding more staff or converting a clinic to an appointments system. Cost/benefit ratios were determined for each possible decision in the experiment. A variety of other model uses is also presented, and future directions for outpatient clinic modeling research are suggested.
A new algebraic procedure for the simulation of large digital networks
Authors: Luigi Gilli, Francesco Olla
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

This paper presents a model and an algorithm for the simulation of digital networks in a very little CPU time, as is required when dealing with the problems of fault simulation.
The changing face of information retrieval systems
Authors: Carlos A. Cuadra
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

Information retrieval is a fundamental capability of computers, of whatever size and type. What distinguishes one computer's retrieval performance from another's, from the standpoint of the user, are such factors as: the number and sizes of files that can be handled; the number and types of access points available to the user; the number, types, and sophistication of the search features provided; the number and kinds of error-correction, tutorial, and other user-help features available; the speed with which the system performs all of its functions; and the knowledge and skill required for successful use of the system. All of these, of course, are very dependent on the retrieval software, as well as on the computer per se. Since their beginnings in the 1950s, information retrieval systems have improved steadily&mdash;and often dramatically&mdash;in capacity, responsiveness, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness. Multi-user online access, which was just beginning to come into view about 20 years ago, has almost completely supplanted batch processing as the standard means of searching machine-readable files, a change that has been accelerated by the establishment and success of many commercial online retrieval service bureaus. According to the most recent issue of the Directory of Online Databases, more than 150 computer service bureaus are providing online access to over 870 databases, at the present time. Some of these databases contain millions of records and require billions of bytes of online storage.
A minicomputer based Interactive Graphics System as used for electronic design and automation
Authors: Philippe Villers
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

Described in this paper is the use of a commercially available Interactive Graphics System for electronic design, drafting and documentation. The system is used starting from a rough schematic and ending with a tested, manufactured printed circuit board. Discussed in the paper are major aspects and quantitative results obtained in a range of computer aided tasks. These range from initial P.C. design and prototyping to final production, documentation and testing as performed in a relatively small engineering department. The turnkey system employed is Computervision's Designer TM System, with output to Computer Automation's Capable TM printed circuit board tester. Major uses of the system include its use in a novel way at the prototyping stage to produce P.C. prototype circuit boards. Others include the use of its integral minicomputer based P.C. board routing programs supplemented by interactive graphics as well as the use of a series of computer based design verification features both for checking physical constraints and for ensuring data integrity and consistency within the entire documentation package. These verifications eliminate many forms of manual checking. Actual examples are presented.
Microcomputer information center and showroom: The creation of a microcomputer store
Authors: Thomas A. Gerace, William F. Beyer, John M. Tyler
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1984)

THE NEED FOR microcomputer support on the college college campus has grown and undergone changes since first becoming evident a few years ago. At first, a few pioneering users came to User Services for help with BASIC programs or a communications package that they were using on their microcomputer system. They understood if the staff could not supply an answer to their questions. As time went by, more users acquired personal computers and needed more extensive support. These users were now doing more important computing on these microcomputers and felt that User Services was the source for answers to their questions. At Louisiana State University, we have seen the need for microcomputer support grow in just such a way. The various services that the users require have caused User Services to diversify its efforts in the microcomputer area. Microcomputer help is now readily available through User Services. From configuring systems to solving the toughest communications problems, as well as evaluating hardware and software and performing our own research, microcomputer support is a real and welcome service provided by User Services. This paper describes the evolution of microcomputer services at Louisiana State University, from the overwhelming response to a Microcomputer Showroom to the creation of a Microcomputer Store.
A practical technique for benefit-cost analysis of Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Systems
Authors: R. R. Shah, G. Yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

Analyses of benefits and costs associated with the operation of Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Systems (CADDS) are needed to derive economic justification for acquiring new systems, as well as to evaluate the performance of existing installations. In practice, however, such analyses are difficult to perform since most technical and economic advantages of CADDS are &ldquo;irreducibles&rdquo;, i.e. cannot be readily translated into monetary terms. In this paper, a practical technique for economic analysis of CADDS in a drawing office environment is presented. A &ldquo;worst case&rdquo; approach is taken since increase in productivity of existing manpower is the only benefit considered, while all foreseen costs are taken into account. Methods of estimating benefits and costs are described. The procedure for performing the analysis is illustrated by a case study based on the drawing office activities at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.
Experiences in the establishment of a microcomputer support laboratory
Authors: J. Michael Bennett, E. Elcock
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

The explosive growth and general availability of microcomputers is creating a desperate need for the training of computer programmers in how to approach, assess and, if applicable, use microcomputers as an addition to their traditional hardware/software tool-kit in solving applications problems. Until recently, our students (and, we suspect, CS majors and software engineers in general) had little or no formal training or experience in this area. One cannot appreciate the full extent of the applicability and limitations of micros without reasonable hands-on experience. Yet the obvious approach - providing a number of stand-alone micros as the sole teaching vehicle - of itself creates a misleading context: restrictions of every kind force the student to spend most of his time circumventing limited resources and far too little time in actually learning about the useful aspects of the machines per se and as components of a more complex whole. In this paper, we define the educational goals that we are trying to achieve. Then we identify five possible solutions to the problem. We then analyze each and present reasons why we adopted the approach we did. Our Microcomputer Support Laboratory [MSL], consists of a PDP-11/34, under UNIX@@@@, connected to 8 Motorola 6809's and 8 MC68000's. We address also the reasons which lead to this choice, the problems in building the MSL, practical experiences derived from using it in an educational situation, and conclude by discussing the feasibility of providing this type of environment as a university-wide resource. We also indicate possible improvements and future directions in which we hope to grow.
Windowing vs scrolling on a visual display terminal
Authors: Kevin F. Bury, James M. Boyle, R. James Evey, Alan S. Neal
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

To study a different star the astronomer moves his telescope. To study a different bacterium the biologist moves his microscope slide. In the case of the astronomer, it is the viewing instrument that is being moved, while in the case of the biologist it is the viewed object that is being moved. These scientists have no choice, the nature of their equipment requires that they operate in a pre-defined way. The user of a video display terminal (VDT), however, can be given a choice. The VDT user views a representation of an area of computer memory. In most cases the portion of memory the user wishes to examine is much larger than that which will fit on the screen at one time. For this reason almost all VDT's are equipped with some sort of &ldquo;scroll function&rdquo; that allows the user to display data that is located beyond the limits of the screen.
A formal method for the specification, analysis, and design of register-transfer level digital logic
Authors: Louis Hafer, Alice C. Parker
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

This paper describes a method for formally modelling digital logic using algebraic relations. The types of relations necessary for modelling digital logic at the register-transfer (RT) level are developed. An extension of the model is shown which can be used for logic synthesis at the RT level.1
Determining graph properties from matrix representations
Authors: David Kirkpatrick
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1974)

An open problem, posed by A. Rosenberg [R], motivates the consideration of representations of graphs and the effect of these representations on the efficiency of algorithms which determine properties of unlabelled graphs. In this paper we investigate three matrix representations of graphs; the (vertex) adjacency matrix, the edge-adjacency matrix, and the incidence matrix. With the exception of one instance of the edge-adjacency matrix, these structures determine an unlabelled graph up to isomorphism and are, as a result, natural candidates for computer representations of graphs.
LELISP, a portable and efficient LISP system
Authors: Jérome Chailloux, Ma´thieu Devin, Jean-Marie Hullot
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming (1984)

This paper describes the LELISP system, developed at the VLSI project at INRIA, which has been designed for efficiency, easy transport and large systems construction. It also presents the programming environment (including an object oriented extension, a meta pretty printer, a parser generator, a universal editor) and some current applications.