ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of field dependency in altered Gz environments
Authors: Marc A. Le Pape, Ravi K. Vatrapu
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

Failure to address extreme environments constraints at the human-computer interaction level may lead to the commission of critical and potentially fatal errors. This experimental study addresses gaps in our current theoretical understanding of the impact of ±Gz accelerations and field dependency independency on task performance in human-computer interaction. It investigates the effects of ±Gz accelerations and field dependency independency on human performance in the completion of perceptual-motor tasks on a personal digital assistant (PDA). We report the results of a controlled experiment, conducted in an aerobatic aircraft under multiple ±Gz conditions, showing that cognitive style significantly impacts latency and accuracy in target acquisition for perceptual-motor tasks in altered ±Gz environments and propose design guidelines as countermeasures. Based on the results, we argue that developing design requirements taking into account cognitive differences in extreme environments will allow users to execute perceptual-motor tasks efficiently without unnecessarily increasing cognitive load and the probability of critical errors.
Comprehensive Assessment of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources Based on RBF Neural Network Evaluation Method
Authors: Hongjun Lei, Xin Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology (2009)

Comprehensive assessment of sustainable utilization of regional water resources, including three subsystems: social economy, water resources and eco-environment, is a large complicated and systematic evaluating problem. The selection of the index system for the regional sustainable development of water resources was discussed herein. Furthermore, a neural network methodology for regional water resources evaluation was introduced. The method adopts the Radial Basis Function (RBF) architecture and dynamically penalized rival competitive learning algorithm, which is fast and repetitive, compared with most traditional techniques. Additionally, a new approach to produce training samples, testing samples and examining samples randomly distributed between the critical values was established. The sample used consists of 16 indexes, and by using the proposed methodology the sustainable evaluation of regional water resources could be successfully done. Results showed that from 1994 to 2005, the comprehensive index of water resources sustainable utilization in Zhengzhou city ascended with a fast speed of 0.023 per year, from sustainable development level IV to level III. The calculation with the model showed that, the comprehensive index of water resources sustainable utilization in the future planning years (2010, 2015, and 2020) could be enhanced with a speed of 0.011 per year. A sensitive analysis indicates that it is necessary to increase eco-environmental water consumption rate, industrial output from each cubic meter of water consumption, public greenbelt area per capita, foodstuff output from each cubic meter of water consumption, and to ensure that natural growth rate of population decreases steadily, which are playing an important role in improving sustainable utilization of water resources in Zhengzhou city.
Incremental Manifold Learning Algorithm Using PCA on Overlapping Local Neighborhoods for Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Yubin Zhan, Jianping Yin, Guomin Zhang, En Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Advances in Computation and Intelligence (2008)

A novel manifold learning algorithm called LPcaML is proposed in this paper. Based on the geometric intuition that d-dimensional manifold locally lies on or close to d-dimensional linear space, LPcaML first finds an ¿-TSLN of the whole high-dimensional input data set and then obtains the low-dimensional local coordinates of each neighborhood in the ¿-TSLN using classical PCA technique while preserving the local geometric and topological property of each neighborhood. At last LPcaML transforms each local coordinates to a unified global low-dimensional representation by processing each neighborhood in their order appeared in ¿-TSLN. And the transformation function of each neighborhood is obtained by solving a least square problem via the overlapped examples. By using the divide and conquer strategy, LPcaML can learn from incremental data and discover the underlying manifold efficiently even if the data set is large scale. Experiments on both synthetic data sets and real face data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our LPcaML algorithm. Moreover the proposed LPcaML can discover the manifold from sparsely sampled data sets where other manifold learning algorithms can't.
Punctuated Equilibrium in Statistical Models of Generalized Coevolutionary Resilience: How Sudden Ecosystem Transitions Can Entrain Both Phenotype Expression and Darwinian Selection
Authors: Rodrick Wallace, Deborah Wallace
Venue: Transactions on Computational Systems Biology IX (2009)

We argue that mesoscale ecosystem resilience shifts akin to sudden phase transitions in physical systems can entrain similarly punctuated events of gene expression on more rapid time scales, and, in part through such means, slower changes induced by selection pressure, triggering punctuated equilibrium Darwinian evolutionary transitions on geologic time scales. The approach reduces ecosystem, gene expression, and Darwinian genetic dynamics to a least common denominator of information sources interacting by crosstalk at markedly differing rates. Pettini's `topological hypothesis', via a homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density, generates a regression-like class of statistical models of sudden coevolutionary phase transition based on the Rate Distortion and Shannon-McMillan Theorems of information theory which links all three levels. A mathematical treatment of Holling's extended keystone hypothesis regarding the particular role of mesoscale phenomena in entraining both slower and faster dynamical structures produces the result. A main theme is the necessity of a cognitive paradigm for gene expression, mirroring I. Cohen's cognitive approach to immune function. Invocation of the necessary conditions imposed by the asymptotic limit theorems of communication theory enables us to penetrate one layer more deeply before needing to impose an empirically-derived phenomenological system of `Onsager relation' recursive coevolutionary stochastic differential equations. Extending the development to second order via a large deviations argument permits modeling the influence of human cultural structures on ecosystems as `farming'.
A Requirements-based Comparison of Privacy Taxonomies
Authors: Aaron K. Massey, Annie I. Antón
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Requirements Engineering and Law (2008)

Understanding the nature of privacy regulation is a challenge that requirements engineers face when building software systems in financial, healthcare, government, or other sensitive industries. Requirements engineers have begun to model privacy requirements based on taxonomic classifications of privacy. Independently, legal research has modeled privacy harms in a taxonomic fashion. In this paper, we compare a requirements engineering taxonomy of privacy protections and vulnerabilities to a legal taxonomy of privacy harms. We seek to determine the extent to which the concepts and terminology are consistent between the two taxonomies. A consistent, standard vocabulary for privacy concepts for both requirements engineers and lawyers will improve the common understanding of privacy concepts, legal traceability and compliance auditing. We conclude that the taxonomies we analyzed are reasonably compatible. We believe this compatibility indicates that a taxonomic understanding of privacy is a promising area of research for requirements engineers.
Brain measurement for usability testing and adaptive interfaces: an example of uncovering syntactic workload with functional near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Leanne M. Hirshfield, Erin Treacy Solovey, Audrey Girouard, James Kebinger, Robert J.K. Jacob, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

A well designed user interface (UI) should be transparent, allowing users to focus their mental workload on the task at hand. We hypothesize that the overall mental workload required to perform a task using a computer system is composed of a portion attributable to the difficulty of the underlying task plus a portion attributable to the complexity of operating the user interface. In this regard, we follow Shneiderman's theory of syntactic and semantic components of a UI. We present an experiment protocol that can be used to measure the workload experienced by users in their various cognitive resources while working with a computer. We then describe an experiment where we used the protocol to quantify the syntactic workload of two user interfaces. We use functional near infrared spectroscopy, a new brain imaging technology that is beginning to be used in HCI. We also discuss extensions of our techniques to adaptive interfaces.
Realizing Throughput Guarantees in a Differentiated Services Network
Authors: Ikjun Yeom, A. L. Narasimha Reddy
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

This paper discusses techniques for achieving desired throughput guaranteesin the Internet that supports differentiated services framework. Diff-serv framework proposes using different drop precedences to achieve service guarantees over Internet. However, it has been observed that the drop precedences by themselves cannot achieve the desired target rates because of the strong interaction of the transport protocol with packet drops in the network. This paper proposes and evaluates a number of techniques to better achieve the throughput guarantees in such networks. The proposed techniques consider (a) modifying the transport protocol at the sender, (b) modifying the marking strategies at the marker and (c) modifying the dropping policies at the router. It is shown that these techniques improve the likelihood of achieving the desired throughput guarantees and also improve the service differentiation.
Algorithms in a Nutshell
Authors: George Heineman, Gary Pollice, Stanley Selkow
Venue:  (2008)

Creating robust software requires the use of efficient algorithms, but programmers seldom think about them until a problem occurs. Algorithms in a Nutshell describes a large number of existing algorithms for solving a variety of problems, and helps you select and implement the right algorithm for your needs -- with just enough math to let you understand and analyze algorithm performance. With its focus on application, rather than theory, this book provides efficient code solutions in several programming languages that you can easily adapt to a specific project. Each major algorithm is presented in the style of a design pattern that includes information to help you understand why and when the algorithm is appropriate. With this book, you will:Solve a particular coding problem or improve on the performance of an existing solution Quickly locate algorithms that relate to the problems you want to solve, and determine why a particular algorithm is the right one to use Get algorithmic solutions in C, C++, Java, and Ruby with implementation tips Learn the expected performance of an algorithm, and the conditions it needs to perform at its best Discover the impact that similar design decisions have on different algorithms Learn advanced data structures to improve the efficiency of algorithmsWith Algorithms in a Nutshell, you'll learn how to improve the performance of key algorithms essential for the success of your software applications.
Resource Provisioning in an E-commerce Application
Authors: Jijun Lu, Swapna S. Gokhale
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 10th IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology and the Fifth IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (2008)

It is the responsibility of an e-commerce provider to provision resources to ensure that the performance of the services provided by an e-commerce application is acceptable. A quantitative estimate of the performance expected from the site, obtained from the expected workload imposed on the application, may allow the provider to make informed decisions with respect to the right level of resources so that acceptable service performance may be offered in a cost-effective manner. In this paper we first present a systematic methodology to estimate the performance expected from an e-commerce application based on the representation of the e-commerce workload. Subsequently, we discuss how the estimate of the expected application performance could guide resource provisioning decisions. We illustrate the performance estimation and resource provisioning methodology using the TPC-W benchmark.
Enhanced electrical properties of nominally undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: P. Das Kanungo, A. Wolfsteller, N. D. Zakharov, P. Werner, U. Gösele
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

Electrical properties of epitaxial single-crystalline Si/SiGe axial heterostructure nanowires (NWs) on Si<111> substrate were measured by contacting individual NWs with a micro-manipulator inside an scanning electron microscope. The NWs were grown by incorporating compositionally graded Si1-xGex segments of a few nm thicknesses in the Si NWs by molecular beam epitaxy. The I-V characteristics of the Si/SiGe heterostructure NWs showed Ohmic behavior. However, the resistivity of a typical heterostructure NW was found to be significantly low for the carrier concentration extracted from the simulated band diagram. Similarly grown pure Si and Ge NWs showed the same behavior as well, although the I-V curve of a typical Si NW was rectifying in nature instead of Ohmic. It was argued that this enhanced electrical conductivities of the NWs come from the current conduction through their surface states and the Ge or Si/SiGe NWs are more strongly influenced by the surface than the Si ones.
Type-Aware Web Service Composition Using Boolean Satisfiability Solver
Authors: Wonhong Nam, Hyunyoung Kil, Dongwon Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 10th IEEE Conference on E-Commerce Technology and the Fifth IEEE Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (2008)

The goal of the Web Service Composition (WSC) problem is to find an optimal "composition" of web services to satisfy a given request using their syntactic and/or semantic features, when no single service satisfies it. In this paper, in particular, we study the WSC problem from semantic aspects, exploiting the supertype-subtype relationship among parameters, and propose a novel solutionbased on techniques for the boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). Given a set of web service descriptions and a requirement web service, we reduce the WSC problem into a reachability problem on a state-transition system, and then we find the shortest path for the reachability problem, which is amount to the optimal composition. A preliminary experiment using 7 examples reveals that our proposal can find optimal compositions of web services efficiently.
Dynamic Web Service discovery architecture based on a novel peer based overlay network
Authors: S. Sioutas, E. Sakkopoulos, Ch. Makris, B. Vassiliadis, A. Tsakalidis, P. Triantafillou
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2009)

Service Oriented Computing and its most famous implementation technology Web Services (WS) are becoming an important enabler of networked business models. Discovery mechanisms are a critical factor to the overall utility of Web Services. So far, discovery mechanisms based on the UDDI standard rely on many centralized and area-specific directories, which poses information stress problems such as performance bottlenecks and fault tolerance. In this context, decentralized approaches based on Peer to Peer overlay networks have been proposed by many researchers as a solution. In this paper, we propose a new structured P2P overlay network infrastructure designed for Web Services Discovery. We present theoretical analysis backed up by experimental results, showing that the proposed solution outperforms popular decentralized infrastructures for web discovery, Chord (and some of its successors), BATON (and it's successor) and Skip-Graphs.
Uniform Constraint Satisfaction Problems and Database Theory
Authors: Francesco Scarcello, Georg Gottlob, Gianluigi Greco
Venue: Complexity of Constraints: An Overview of Current Research Themes (2008)

It is well-known that there is a close similarity between constraint satisfaction and conjunctive query evaluation. This paper explains this relationship and describes structural query decomposition methods that can equally be used to decompose CSP instances. In particular, we explain how "islands of tractability" can be achieved by decomposing the query on a database, or, equivalently, the scopes of a constraint satisfaction problem. We focus on advanced decomposition methods such as hypertree decompositions, which are hypergraph-based and subsume earlier graph-based decomposition methods. We also discuss generalizations thereof, such as weighted hypertree decompositions, and subedge-based decompositions. Finally, we report on an interesting new type of structural tractability results that, rather than explicitly computing problem decompositions, use algorithms that are guaranteed to find a correct solution in polynomial time if a decomposition exists.
H∞ state-feedback control for fuzzy systems with input saturation via fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov functions
Authors: Sung Hyun Kim, Chang Hee Lee, PooGyeon Park
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2009)

This paper proposes a method for designing an H"~ state-feedback fuzzy controller for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems with input saturation. To address the input saturation problem, this paper first formulates a set invariance condition for the T-S fuzzy systems. Then, based on the set invariance condition, this paper establishes H"~ stabilization conditions associated with a fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov function, where the fuzzy controller is designed to be dependent on not only the current-time but also the one-step-past information on the time-varying fuzzy weighting functions. In the derivation, the H"~ stabilization conditions are first formulated in terms of parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs), and then reconverted into LMIs by an efficient relaxation technique.
Research on Visual Speech Feature Extraction
Authors: He Jun, Zhang Hua
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

To solve the problem of extracting visual feature in lipreading, a new method based on DCT+LDA is proposed in this paper. First, Region of interest (ROI) is located based on the lip contour information, and then discrete cosine transformation (DCT) is performed on ROI, In order to extract the most discriminative feature vectors from the DCT coefficients and further reduce the feature dimensionality, linear discriminative analysis (LDA) is then introduced. Experiments were performed on speaker-dependent (SD) and speaker-independent (SI) bimodal database respectively, the experimental results showed that this algorithm achieved high recognition accuracy than traditional Zig-Zag DCT coefficients selection method and DCT+PCA algorithm. finally, this algorithm is also justified on our real-time lipreading platform.
Stress intensity factor by p-adaptive refinement based on ordinary Kriging interpolation
Authors: Kwang S. Woo, Jun H. Jo, P. K. Basu, Jae S. Ahn
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2009)

This paper aims at achieving two specific objectives. The first one is to examine the applicability of ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation to the finite element method based on variogram modeling, and the second one is to present an adaptive procedure for hierarchical p-refinement in conjunction with a posteriori error estimator based on the modified superconvergent patch recovery (S.P.R.) method. For this purpose, the weighted least-square method is applied to predict the exact solution from derivative values computed at the Gauss points. The weight factor is determined by experimental and theoretical variogram-based interpolation of derivative data, in contrast to conventional interpolation methods based on an equal weight factors. In the p-refinement, the analytical domain is refined automatically to obtain an acceptable level of accuracy, by a selective increment of the p-level. To verify the performance of the modified S.P.R. method, a new error estimator based on the limit value is proposed. The validity of the proposed approach is tested by analyzing two-dimensional cracked plates under tension modeled with quadrilateral elements.
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio electrode array by combining UV-LIGA with micro electro-discharge machining
Authors: Yang-Yang Hu, D. Zhu, N. S. Qu, Y. B. Zeng, P. M. Ming
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2009)

In this paper, the combination of UV-LIGA with the Micro electro-discharge machining (Micro-EDM) process was investigated to fabricate high-aspect-ratio electrode array, and an easy and rapid process for fabricating ultra-thick SU-8 microstructures up to millimeter depth was described. First, the modified UV-LIGA process was used to fabricate the copper hole array, and then the hole array electrode was employed as a tool in the Micro-EDM process to fabricate the multiple-tipped electrodes. Electrode array of various shapes have been fabricated by this technique. The aspect ratio is up to 17.65.
Experiences with structured interviewing of children during usability tests
Authors: A. Vermeeren, M. M. Bekker, I. E. H. van Kesteren, H. de Ridder
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st British CHI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2007: People and Computers XXI: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 1 (2007)

In this paper we describe an exploratory study on the use of a structured interviewing evaluation technique with 6 to 8 year old children. The study examines whether children are able to answer the post-task questions referring to the various interaction stages (planning, translation and assessment), and whether the technique does not lead to adverse effects such as finding a different set of interaction difficulties. The results show that children overall are fairly good at answering the questions, but have most trouble answering the planning question. Furthermore, the negative side-effects of applying the technique on the outcome of the usability test are minor. Overall, we advise practitioners to apply such a technique to uncover extra data about possible causes for interaction difficulties and to optimize the effort by only asking detailed questions about those parts of the design that need extra attention.