ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Voltage optimization for simultaneous energy efficiency and temperature variation resilience in CMOS circuits
Authors: Ranjith Kumar, Volkan Kursun
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2007)

A design technique based on optimizing the supply voltage for simultaneously achieving energy efficiency and temperature variation insensitive circuit performance is proposed in this paper. The supply voltages that suppress the propagation delay variations when the temperature fluctuates are identified for a diverse set of circuits in 180 and 65nm CMOS technologies. Circuits display temperature variation insensitive propagation delay when operated at a supply voltage 44-47% lower than the nominal supply voltage (V"D"D=1.8V) in a 180nm CMOS technology. Similarly, the optimum supply voltages are 67-68% lower than the nominal supply voltage (V"D"D=1.0V) in a 65nm CMOS technology. At scaled supply voltages, integrated circuits consume lower power at the cost of reduced speed. The proposed design methodology of optimizing the supply voltage for temperature variation insensitive circuit performance is, therefore, particularly attractive for low-power applications with relaxed speed requirements. A new design methodology based on threshold voltage optimization for achieving temperature variation insensitive circuit speed is also evaluated. The energy per cycle and the propagation delay at the supply and threshold voltages providing temperature variation insensitive circuit performance, minimum energy-delay product, and minimum energy are compared. Results indicate that low-power operation and temperature variation tolerance can be simultaneously achieved with the proposed techniques.
Study on combining multi-channel echo cancellers with beamformers
Authors: M. Kallinger
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

In this paper, we compare different combinations of a multi-channel non-adaptive noise reduction unit (NRU) and an acoustic echo cancellation unit (AEC) for a standard single-channel voice transmission. The results show that the NRU and the AEC-unit can be interchanged without increasing the computational complexity of the combined system, The length of an AEC's adaptive filter can be greatly reduced, if a multi-channel AEC-unit in front of a multichannel NRU is used. Furthermore, the control information, like the step-size of the NLMS-algorithm, has to be computed only once.
Security strategies for process control networks
Authors: Mauricio Papa, Sujeet Shenoi
Venue:  (2006)

The process control system community has recognized that the Internet and ubiquitous networking would have a significant impact on their domain. As a result, most industrial protocols developed specifications allowing the transport of process data over TCP/IP stacks. Industrial protocols, originally designed for operation over serial lines, favored operational requirements over security; the same can be observed in TCP-enabled versions of these protocols. The interconnectivity provided by TCP/IP as a carrier protocol has exposed process control systems to new threats, thereby raising serious security issues. This dissertation addresses these issues in a novel framework that integrates technical solutions, security management and network elements. The framework was developed in accordance to existing industrial standards and considering the impact that security solutions will have in system availability. A suite of original security services, developed after the framework, have been implemented as a proof of concept using the Modbus protocol. Modbus scanners and intrusion detection systems are some of the unique tools that were developed specifically to monitor industrial environments and detect security incidents. The results obtained by the prototypes validate the effectiveness of the security strategies in mitigating risk in industrial environments.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Adobe Acrobat.
Adaptive Context-Aware Access Control Policy in Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Ayda Saidane
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

This paper describes an adaptive context-aware access control policy for unauthenticated users. In fact, in open environments like ah-hoc networks, it is difficult to define a policy based on authentication at design time since the potential users are unknown and continuously changing. Thus, the policy can only be defined with regards to the managed resources and the security requirements related to these resources.
Generalized structured programs and loop trees
Authors: Ward Douglas Maurer
Venue: Science of Computer Programming (2007)

Any directed graph, even a flow graph representing ''spaghetti code'', is shown here to have at least one loop tree, which is a structure of loops within loops in which no loops overlap. The nodes of the graph may be rearranged in such a way that, with respect to their new order, every edge proceeds in the forward direction except for the loopbacks. Here a loopback goes from somewhere in a loop L to the head of L. We refer to such a rearrangement as a generalized structured program, in which forward goto statements remain unrestricted. Like a min-heap or a max-heap, a loop tree has an array representation, without pointers; it may be constructed in time no worse than O(n^2) for any program written in this fashion. A scalable version of this construction uses a label graph, whose only nodes are the labels of the given program. A graph has a unique loop tree if and only if it is reducible.
An improved noise compensation algorithm for speech recognition in noise
Authors: Ruikang Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

When moving a speech recognition system whose models were trained in a clean laboratory condition to real environments, one of most important issues is how to modify the models according to the changing environments. Using an HMM composition technique we present an algorithm to compensate the dynamic cepstral coefficients for HMM based speech recognition systems in noise environments. Noise compensation for acceleration parameters and for dynamic parameters which are calculated using longer linear regression are discussed. The experimental results show a clear improvement when the algorithm was applied to a speech database recorded in a car. A noise compensation system based realtime speech recognizer using the TMS320C40 was implemented and achieves a good performance in noisy environments.
Application and Evaluation of Colour Constancy in Visual Surveillance
Authors: J.-P. Renno, D. Makris, T. Ellis, G. A. Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (2005)

The problem of colour constancy in the context of visual surveillance applications is addressed in this paper. We seek to reduce the variability of the surface colours inherent in the video of most indoor and outdoor surveillance scenarios to improve the robustness and reliability of applications which depend on reliable colour descriptions e.g. content retrieval. Two well-known colour constancy algorithms - the Grey-World and Gamut-Mapping - are applied to frame sequences containing significant variations in the colour temperature of the illuminant. We also consider the problem of automatically selecting a reference image, representative of the scene under the canonical illuminant. A quantitative evaluation of the performance of the colour constancy algorithms is undertaken.
Hasty design, futile patching and the elaboration of rigor
Authors: David Ginat
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2007)

"Two wrongs don't make a right." In the last two years, we observed repeated hasty designs, followed by futile patching of programming solutions, which yielded (and re-yielded) erroneous outcomes. In this paper, we illuminate and illustrate diverse characteristics of these undesired design and patching phenomena, and offer a didactic approach of using them for elaborating students' awareness of rigor. We advocate such an elaboration in textbooks and teaching materials, as one may learn and benefit from the wrong way no less than the right one.
Engineering explorations: introducing first-year students to engineering
Authors: G. L. Hein
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

In the fall of 2000, Michigan Tech (USA) implemented a common first year program for engineering students of all disciplines. The first year program at Michigan Tech has "borrowed" many ideas from similar programs around the country and the cornerstone of the program itself is two introductory engineering courses. One of the features of our program is that all students are required to participate in at least five engineering explorations in at least three different disciplines as part of their outside homework for one of the engineering classes. The engineering explorations are meant to be hands-on activities designed to show first year students exactly what engineers "do" in real life. Each department in the College of Engineering was required to develop at least one exploration and to offer a given number of sessions throughout the semester. As can be expected, some departments have done a better job than others in developing and delivering these explorations. As part of their assessment of our first year program, the authors surveyed students regarding their reaction to these various explorations and they also surveyed the faculty who have been involved in their design and delivery. This paper describes the engineering explorations they have developed as well as preliminary assessment results from students and faculty who participated in them.
A larger decidable semiunification problem
Authors: Brad Lushman, Gordon V. Cormack
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Principles and practice of declarative programming (2007)

We present a graph-theoretic framework in which to study instances of the semiunification problem (SUP), which is known to be undecidable, but has several known and important decidable subsets. One such subset, the acyclic semiunification problem (ASUP), has proved useful in the study of polymorphic type inference. We present graph-theoretic criteria in our framework that exactly characterize the ASUP acyclicity constraint. We then use our framework to find a decidable subset of SUP (which we call R-ASUP), which has a more natural description than ASUP, and strictly contains it.
Animating to improve learning: a model for studying multimedia effectiveness
Authors: T. Ellis
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

This paper presents a model for designing experiments to test the effectiveness of multimedia in education. It is based upon a discussion of an experimental study that examined the impact of one specific multimedia enhancement-animation-on a very specific aspect of learning-the ability to apply knowledge. The prospect of multimedia as a tool that can enrich a learning environment is quite alluring. The potential to actively engage learners through multiple communication channels is, intuitively, very compelling as a means of promoting learning for a larger percentage of students. This enthusiasm must, however, be tempered by two sobering facts. The cost of multimedia production is so very great that, should it not prove effective, our educational system could be seriously impacted. Perhaps more importantly, there is little scientific evidence in support of the value of multimedia as an enhancement to a learning environment. The paucity of substantial evidence supporting the value of multimedia as an educational enhancement can at least partially be attributed to definitional problems within experimental designs. What specifically does "learning", and, for that matter, "multimedia", mean? If these terms are not explicitly defined and intimately incorporated into the experimental controls, there is little hope for creditable results. This study indicates that careful attention to defining these two terms can produce meaningful results.
Image analysis using multifractals
Authors: K. Uma
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

The efficacy of the multifractal spectrum as a tool for characterizing images has been studied. This spectrum has been computed for digitized images of the nucleus of human cervical cancer cells and it was observed that the entire spectrum is almost fully reproduced for a normal cell while only the right half (q
Exploring the bounds of web latency reduction from caching and prefetching
Authors: Thomas M. Kroeger, Darrell D. E. Long, Jeffrey C. Mogul
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (1997)

Prefetching and caching are techniques commonly used in I/O systems to reduce latency. Many researchers have advocated the use of caching and prefetching to reduce latency in the Web. We derive several bounds on the performance improvements seen from these techniques, and then use traces of Web proxy activity taken at Digital Equipment Corporation to quantify these bounds. We found that for these traces, local proxy caching could reduce latency by at best 26%, prefetching could reduce latency by at best 57%, and a combined caching and prefetching proxy could provide at best a 60% latency reduction. Furthermore, we found that how far in advance a prefetching algorithmwas able to prefetch an object was a significant factor in its ability to reduce latency. We note that the latency reduction from caching is significantly limited by the rapid changes of objects in the Web. We conclude that for the workload studied caching offers moderate assistance in reducing latency. Prefetching can offer more than twice the improvement of caching but is still limited in its ability to reduce latency.
Web-Based Decision Support in Selecting Patients with Parkinson's Disease for Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Marcus Vitek, Michaela Pinter, Andrea Rappelsberger, Yoichi Hayashi, Klaus-Peter Adlassnig
Venue: Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2007)

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder. Treatment of this disease is limited to dopamine replacement therapy, which successfully alleviates major signs of the disease. However, the treatment is associated with long-term side effects. Only a neurosurgical intervention is able to curtail the otherwise intolerable symptoms. One of the interventions is deep brain stimulation (DBS). Indications or contraindications for DBS surgery depend on (a) the course of previous treatment, (b) the patient's current symptoms and signs, (c) the patient's subjective quality of life, and (d) the anticipated prognosis of the disease. A web-based system, named FuzzyDBSexpert, was established to support the decision concerning the suitability of DBS surgery in a particular case. It consists of five main components: (1) the database that contains the patient's medical data, (2) a user interface that implements the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and some further forms, (3) a knowledge base that contains fuzzy IF-THEN rules, (4) a medical specialist user interface, and (5) a fuzzy inference engine. The development of the system has been completed. Initial tests have shown that it is helpful for physicians treating patients with Parkinson's disease as well as patients in making the decision as to whether DBS surgery should be performed.
Segmenting Bank Customers by Resistance to Mobile Banking
Authors: Tommi Laukkanen, Suvi Sinkkonen, Marke Kivijarvi, Pekka Laukkanen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

The objective of the study is to explore bank customers' varying reasons for resisting mobile banking services. Today mobile communications technologies offer vast additional value for consumers' banking transactions due to their always-on functionality and the option to bank virtually any time and anywhere. However, before being adopted, all innovations face various types of resistance that may paralyse customers' desire to adopt an innovation. Following Ram and Sheth [1], resistance was measured with five barriers namely usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, tradition barrier and image barrier. An Internet questionnaire was developed and 1,540 responses from the non-users of mobile banking were collected. The results of the cluster analysis showed that different bank customers do indeed have different reasons for resisting mobile banking. The results indicate that older and less educated people and those who are entrepreneurs, farmers or retired are significantly more opposed to banking innovations than the other members of a social system. Moreover, younger people who are working in a good, well-paid profession do not perceive mobile banking to be as risky as do other online customers. The study provides academics and bank managers with an enhanced understanding of the different reasons inhibiting mobile banking adoption and the consumer demographics that determine such resistance.
Error probabilities and performance comparisons of FFH/BFSK receivers with multitone jamming and AWGN
Authors: K. C. Teh
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1999)

This paper studies the bit-error rate (BER) performance of a fast frequency-hopped (FFH) binary frequency-shift-keying (BFSK) clipper receiver in the presence of multitone jamming (MTJ) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). By using the Taylor-series expansion and the quantization approach, the BER expressions for higher diversity levels can be obtained without much extra computational complexity. The analytical BER results, validated by simulations, show that there is an optimum diversity level for the clipper receiver. Performance comparisons among various receivers demonstrate that the BER performance of the clipper receiver is significantly better than that of the linear-combining receiver. In addition, the clipper receiver also outperforms the product-combining receiver and the self-normalizing receiver provided that the clipping threshold is set at the desired signal power level.
Examining the content load of part of speech blocks for information retrieval
Authors: Christina Lioma, Iadh Ounis
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

We investigate the connection between part of speech (POS) distribution and content in language. We define POS blocks to be groups of parts of speech. We hypothesise that there exists a directly proportional relation between the frequency of POS blocks and their content salience. We also hypothesise that the class membership of the parts of speech within such blocks reflects the content load of the blocks, on the basis that open class parts of speech are more content-bearing than closed class parts of speech. We test these hypotheses in the context of Information Retrieval, by syntactically representing queries, and removing from them content-poor blocks, in line with the aforementioned hypotheses. For our first hypothesis, we induce POS distribution information from a corpus, and approximate the probability of occurrence of POS blocks as per two statistical estimators separately. For our second hypothesis, we use simple heuristics to estimate the content load within POS blocks. We use the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) queries of 1999 and 2000 to retrieve documents from the WT2G and WT10G test collections, with five different retrieval strategies. Experimental outcomes confirm that our hypotheses hold in the context of Information Retrieval.
A cognitive approach of Web-based learning support systems
Authors: L. Fan
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2005)

For a Web-based open and dynamic learning environment, personalized support for learners becomes more important. In order to achieve optimal efficiency in a learning process, individual learner's cognitive learning style should be taken into account. Due to different types of learners using these systems, it is necessary to provide them with an individualized learning support system. A framework of cognitive based adaptive Web-based learning support system (WLSS) is presented by focusing on learner's cognitive learning process and activities, as well as the technology support needed. Based on the learner-centered mode and cognitive learning theory, we demonstrate an online course design and development that supports the students with the learning flexibility and the adaptability. The proposed framework utilizes knowledge structure map for representing a dynamic cognitive learning process to support students' deep learning, efficient tutoring and collaboration in Web-based learning environment. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Measuring dependency constraint satisfaction in software release planning using dissimilarity of fuzzy graphs
Authors: An Ngo-The, M. Omolade Saliu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2005)

Release planning is a cornerstone problem in incremental software development. It deals with the assignment of requirements to sequence of releases in order to maximize profit, minimize the delay of feedback and return of investment in such a way that dependency and resource constraints are met. Release planning decisions are required at an early stage in the development cycle, when uncertainty is unavoidable in the project estimates. Recently, there are some works concerning the use of fuzzy theory to address issues concerning the uncertainty in the release planning problem: fuzzy effort constraints and fuzzy dependency constraints. In this paper, we study the application of fuzzy theory to handle the uncertainty concerning dependency constraints from a holistic perspective, i.e. the whole set of fuzzy dependency constraints is considered as a fuzzy graph. The satisfaction of dependency constraints in a solution plan is measured by the distance between this plan and an ideal plan (in terms of the dependency constraints). The distance is materialized as the distance between two fuzzy graphs. This is considered to be an essential support for the actual decision-making. All the concepts and the complete approach are illustrated by a case study example.
Designing a mobile game to reduce culture shock
Authors: Nipan Maniar, Emily Bennett
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (2007)

The project aims to develop an educational mobile game to reduce the 'culture shock' that a sojourner experiences upon arriving in a new country. This paper focuses on the early stage of the project and explains the design process involved in creating a prototype game. This game, which is presented on a mobile telephone, is targeted at international students studying in the UK.