ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Interoperability for Elearning Services Management and Provision
Authors: Lily Sun, Yan Fu
Venue: World Wide Web (2005)

Learning Objects offer flexibility and adaptability for users to request personalised information for learning. There are standards to guide the development of learning objects. However, individual developers may customise these standards for serving different purposes when defining, describing, managing and providing learning objects, which are normally stored in heterogeneous repositories. Barriers to interoperability hinder sharing of learning services and subsequently affect quality of instructional design as learners expect to be able to receive their personalised learning content. All these impose difficulties to the users in getting the right information from the right sources. This paper investigates the interoperability issues in elearning services management and provision and presents an approach to resolve interoperability at three levels.
PVD-HfSiON gate dielectrics with Ni-FUSI electrode for 65nm LSTP application
Authors: K. Yamamoto, S. Kubicek, A. Rothschild, R. Mitsuhashi, W. Deweerd, A. Veloso, M. Jurczak, S. Biesemans, S. De Gendt, S. Wickramanayaka, S. Hayashi, M. Niwa
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

HfSiON gate dielectrics are fabricated by oxidation of co-sputtered Hf and Si, followed by nitridation with NH3 gas. It is found that HfSiO film stays in an amorphous state after oxidation, while HfO2 film tends to crystallize. Due to its thermally robust properties of HfSiON, lower gate leakage and good uniformity are achieved even after high thermal treatment (above 1000°C). A reduction in capacitance due to lower permittivity is compensated by the introduction of a Ni-FUSI electrode, where improved inversion capacitance leads to a higher on-state drive current.
OBDD-Based Evaluation of Reliability and Importance Measures for Multistate Systems Subject to Imperfect Fault Coverage
Authors: Yung-Ruei Chang, Suprasad V. Amari, Sy-Yen Kuo
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (2005)

Algorithms for evaluating the reliability of a complex system such as a multistate fault-tolerant computer system have become more important recently. They are designed to obtain the complete results quickly and accurately even when there exist a number of dependencies such as shared loads (reconfiguration), degradation, and common-cause failures. This paper presents an efficient method based on Ordered Binary Decision Diagram (OBDD) for evaluating the multistate system reliability and the Griffith's importance measures which can be regarded as the importance of a system-component state of a multistate system subject to imperfect fault-coverage with various performance requirements. This method combined with the conditional probability methods can handle the dependencies among the combinatorial performance requirements of system modules and find solutions for multistate imperfect coverage model. The main advantage of the method is that its time complexity is equivalent to that of the methods for perfect coverage model and it is very helpful for the optimal design of a multistate fault-tolerant system.
Contract-Mediated Interorganizational Interactions
Authors: Santosh Shrivastava
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2005)

A mediation service for monitoring terms of service can facilitate collaboration in virtual organizations by ensuring secure, private access to service resources.
Local metamorphosis of functionally defined shapes
Authors: B. Schmitt, A. Pasko, P.-A. Fayolle
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia (2005)

We propose a new operation to locally control the metamorphosis of two functionally defined shapes. To implement this operation, a set of non-overlapping space partitions is introduced, where the metamorphosis occurs locally. The sequence of local metamorphosis processes is controlled by a specific time schedule. The definitions of the partitions, of the time schedule, and finally of the local metamorphosis operation, are described in this paper. Experimental results and comparison with the traditional metamorphosis operations are also provided.
On the Performance of the HSLS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Authors: G. Koltsidas, G. Dimitriadis, F.-N. Pavlidou
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2005)

The area of mobile ad hoc networks has recently attracted much scientific interest, as a very appealing research area with many open issues and still unsolved problems. One of the main issues that concerns researchers is the development of routing algorithms that present good performance and face a hostile environment. Many routing protocols have been proposed, attempting to minimize routing overhead, or to reduce the energy consumed by nodes in order to maximize their lifetime. A critical issue, though, is the development of routing protocols that have the ability to maintain their good characteristics at an acceptable level as the network population grows, an ability known as scalability. FSR, ZRP, HierLS and FSLS protocol family are only a sample of scalable algorithms that have been proposed so far. The HSLS protocol is a member of the FSLS family that is proved to scale the best among the algorithms of the FSLS protocol family. In this paper we propose a mechanism to enhance the already good characteristics of the HSLS protocol aiming at the reduction of routing overhead of the original protocol. This new scheme, which we called AFHSLS, exploits the so-called border nodes, in order to deliver routing packets to their destinations. The new algorithm is proved through simulations to significantly reduce routing overhead, with minor or practically no effect on other metrics, such as packet delivery ratio and delay of data packets.
The Impacts of Limited Visual Feedback on Mobile Text Entry for the Twiddler and Mini-QWERTY Keyboards
Authors: James Clawson, Kent Lyons, Thad Starner, Edward Clarkson
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (2005)

In a mobile environment, the amount of visual attention person can devote to a computer is often limited. In addition to typing rapidly and accurately, it is important to be able to enter text with limited visual feedback. Previously we found that users can effectively type in such "blind" conditions with the Twiddler one-handed keyboard. In this paper we examine blind typing on mini-QWERTY keyboards and introduce a taxonomy for blind mobile text input. We present a study in which eight expert mini-QWERTY typists participated in 5 typing sessions. Each session consists of three twenty minute typing conditions. In the first condition, the control or "normal" condition, the participant had full visual access to both the keyboard and the display. In the second condition, "single blind," we obstructed view of the keyboard. The final "double blind" condition also reduced visual feedback from the display. In contrast to our Twiddler work, we found that in the visually impaired conditions, typing rate and accuracy suffer, never reaching the non blind rates. Across the blind mini-QWERTY conditions our participants averaged 45.8 wpm at 85.6% accuracy, while blind typing on the Twiddler averaged 47.3 wpm at 93.9% accuracy. We discuss these results in the context of our previous blind typing work and examine the trade-offs between the different keyboards for mobile and wearable computer use.
Surfer: an extensible pull-based framework for resource selection and ranking
Authors: P. Z. Kolano
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2004)

Grid computing aims to connect large numbers of geographically and organizationally distributed resources to increase computational power resource utilization, and resource accessibility. In order to effectively utilize Grids, users need to be connected to the best available resources at any given time. As Grids are in constant flux, users cannot be expected to keep up with the configuration and status of the Grid, thus they must be provided with automatic resource brokering for selecting and ranking resources meeting constraints and preferences they specify. This work presents a new OGSI-compliant resource selection and ranking framework called Surfer that has been implemented as part of NASA's Information Power Grid (IPG) project. Surfer is highly extensible and may be integrated into any Grid environment by adding information providers knowledgeable about that environment. Surfer invisibly and seamlessly correlates results from different providers into a single unified view seen by the user.
Area and Power Efficient VLSI Architecture for Computing Pseudo Inverse of Channel Matrix in a MIMO Wireless System
Authors: Zahid Khan, Tughrul Arslan, John S. Thompson, Ahmet T. Erdogan
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (2006)

Weight and size are the bottlenecks of portable wireless systems which are in turn dependent on area and power consumption of electronic systems. The situation becomes even worse if wireless systems are equipped with Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) technology which involves highly complex signal processing. This paper proposes an area and power efficient VLSI architecture for computing the pseudo inverse of augmented channel matrix used in MIMO systems. Results indicate 25% area and 24% power reduction compared to previous architecture in the literature without degrading the BER performance.
Introduction to the use of activity cycles as a basis for system's decomposition and simulation
Authors: George K. Hutchinson
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1975)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of activity cycles and discuss their use as the basis for the decomposition of complex systems. Furthermore, it is shown that activity cycles provide a sound and logical basis for system simulation. Activity cycles are defined and illustrated in the context of a simple production system. The simple rules necessary to simulate a system, based upon an activity cycle diagram, are given and used in simulating the production system. The production system is then expanded to demonstrate the power of activity cycle concepts to handle complex problems.
Editorial
Authors: June Thompson
Venue: ReCALL (2005)

Given the continuing pressures on academics to publish their research work in high quality publications, we find that authors are required to provide their institutions with increasingly more detailed information about the journals in which their papers appear. One frequently asked question relates to rejection rates. On average, fewer than fifty per cent of papers submitted to ReCALL are accepted. For example, in the current year 2005, 45 papers were submitted, of which 16 were published.
A Border-Based Approach for Hiding Sensitive Frequent Itemsets
Authors: Xingzhi Sun, Philip S. Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2005)

Sharing data among organizations often leads to mutual benefit. Recent technology in data mining has enabled efficientextraction of knowledge from large databases. This, however, increases risks of disclosing the sensitive knowledge when the database is released to other parties. To address this privacy issue, one may sanitize the original database so that the sensitive knowledge is hidden. The challenge is to minimize the side effect on the quality of the sanitized database so that non-sensitive knowledge can still be mined. In this paper, we study such a problem in the context of hiding sensitive frequent itemsets by judiciously modifying the transactions in the database. To preserve the non-sensitive frequent itemsets, we propose a border-based approach to efficiently evaluate the impact of any modification to the database during the hiding process. The quality of database can be well maintained by greedily selecting the modifications with minimal side effect. Experiments results are also reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Quantitative Study of the Effect of Missing Data in Classifiers
Authors: Peng Liu, Lei Lei, Naijun Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

In data mining approaches, predictive classification has a wide range of application. However, there are always missing data in the datasets, which affect the accuracy of classifiers. This paper will investigate the influence of missing data to classifier. The sensitivity analysis of six classifiers to missing data is studied in experiments. The results indicate that, in the datasets, when the proportion of missing data exceeds 20%, they do have a huge adverse effect on the prediction accuracy. Among the six classifiers, the Naive Bayesian classifier is the least sensitive to missing data. For the popular missing data treatment methods using prediction model to handle missing data, Naive Bayesian classifier will be preferred.
Maintaining Gateway Connectivity in Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Robert Brannstrom, Christer Ahlund, Arkady Zaslavsky
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

The need for maintaining gateway connectivity in an ad hoc access network is vital considering the 80/20 ratio of Internet traffic. There are several proposals of how to integrate gateway forwarding strategies but they all rely on the route discovery procedure of reactive routing protocols. We propose a proactive approach to avoid the delay of the route discovery process. Mobile IP is often suggested to handle macro mobility and we use the advertisements periodically sent by the gateway to update routing tables in the ad hoc network. Since advertisements may arrive to a mobile host through multiple paths, it is important to keep track of the best path to each gateway. We demonstrate the use of a proposed dynamic metric and how to handle location of correspondent hosts. A simulation study demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of our approach.
Domain specific test case generation using higher ordered typed languages for specification
Authors: Avik Sinha
Venue:  (2005)

Model based testing is an approach for automatic generation of test cases on the basis of a representative model of the system. Recent studies show that model based testing has many possible advantages over manual test generation techniques including a gain in effectiveness, efficiency and reuse. The effectiveness (ability to uncover faults in a system) of a model based testing process is determined by the correctness of the model and by the number of requirements represented in the model. In practice, test models for model based test automation techniques are usually created from requirement or design specifications of the software and hence, these techniques overtly rely on such specifications for the completeness of the test models. This may lead to failure in testing some critical requirements specific to the application domain because the user, who helps in defining the requirements, may fail to consider certain domain specific requirements. To him some may appear to be too trivial to be specified explicitly in the requirements document and the others, he may forget. Even if the requirement is complete with domain specific requirements, testers may not realize criticality of such requirements or may find them too complex to model. In all such cases, testing is incomplete and ineffective. This dissertation describes a new model based testing technique developed to remedy such situations. The new technique is based on modeling the system under test using a strongly typed domain specific language (DSL). In the new technique, information about domain specific requirements of an application are captured automatically by exploiting properties of the DSL and are subsequently introduced in the test model. The new technique is applied to generate test cases for the applications interfacing with relational databases and the example DSL chosen for that purpose is HaskellDB. Test suites generated using the new technique are enriched with test cases addressing domain specific implicit requirements and therefore, are more effective in finding faults. This dissertation will present details of the technique and describe an experiment and a case study to explore its effectiveness, efficiency, usability and industrial applicability.
Improving Eye Movement Control in Young Readers
Authors: Taina M. Lehtimäki, Ronan G. Reilly
Venue: Artificial Intelligence Review (2005)

The objective of our study is to design and evaluate an oculomotor reading aid for beginning readers. The aid consists of an eye-tracking device and a computer program that gives real-time feedback in the form of a game to the subject about their fixation position on words. An experimental study was conducted with 8-year-old children. We evaluated the effectiveness of the aid for each child by comparing the landing site distributions before and after playing the game. We found that the peak of the landing site distribution moved towards the optimal viewing position (OVP) for word identification after playing the game. We also determined that training had a positive effect on gaze duration, on the mean and distribution of number of fixations per word, and on the percentage of words with refixations in the majority of subjects
Network Based Detection of Passive Covert Channels in TCP/IP
Authors: Eugene Tumoian, Maxim Anikeev
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

A new method of covert channel detection in Initial Sequence Number (ISN) of TCP/IP is proposed in the paper. The detection is based on ISN generation model of original OS. Whenever any statistical deviations of ISN network packet from the ISN model are discovered; it is considered that this ISN packet is generated by malicious software, which tries to create a covert channel. The method was tested using experimental data generated by NUSHU covert channel creation tool, which has been developed by Joanna Rutkowska.
Correlation between Gene Expression and GO Semantic Similarity
Authors: Jose L. Sevilla, Victor Segura, Adam Podhorski, Elizabeth Guruceaga, Jose M. Mato, Luis A. Martinez-Cruz, Fernando J. Corrales, Angel Rubio
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB) (2005)

This research analyzes some aspects of the relationship between gene expression, gene function, and gene annotation. Many recent studies are implicitly based on the assumption that gene products that are biologically and functionally related would maintain this similarity both in their expression profiles as well as in their Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. We analyze how accurate this assumption proves to be using real publicly available data. We also aim to validate a measure of semantic similarity for GO annotation. We use the Pearson correlation coefficient and its absolute value as a measure of similarity between expression profiles of gene products. We explore a number of semantic similarity measures (Resnik, Jiang, and Lin) and compute the similarity between gene products annotated using the GO. Finally, we compute correlation coefficients to compare gene expression similarity against GO semantic similarity. Our results suggest that the Resnik similarity measure outperforms the others and seems better suited for use in Gene Ontology. We also deduce that there seems to be correlation between semantic similarity in the GO annotation and gene expression for the three GO ontologies. We show that this correlation is negligible up to a certain semantic similarity value; then, for higher similarity values, the relationship trend becomes almost linear. These results can be used to augment the knowledge provided by clustering algorithms and in the development of bioinformatic tools for finding and characterizing gene products.
High performance at affordable power
Authors: Pradip Bose
Venue: IEEE Micro (2005)

Regardless of what chip a team is designing, energy efficiency is probably one of the most important criteria. Achieving high performance at affordable power (and therefore, cost) is the overall system goal across a whole range of products that serve the home, entertainment, scientific, and commercial-enterprise segments of the information technology industry. The selection of articles in this issue of IEEE Micro will bring some of the latest innovations and ideas in energy efficiency to our readers' attention, and thereby foster further thinking and research to improve upon current design practices.
Globus security model for grid environment
Authors: Nitin V. Kanaskar, Umit Topaloglu, Coskun Bayrak
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2005)

Grid technology is increasingly being looked upon as a natural extension of the internet for engaging in complex data processing tasks over resources which are distributed across the world. Architects and developers employing grid systems must take into consideration security implications. Dynamic generation of virtual organizations leads to a synergistic picture which has to address security requirements never encountered before. Globus toolkit has devised a framework for making secure use of grid resource components which has been proved to be a feasible solution by a number of academic and scientific organizations. This paper is an attempt to identify and discern mechanisms proposed by Globus security model with certain test scenarios.
An Intelligent Connector Based Framework for Dynamic Architecture
Authors: Xin Peng, Wenyun Zhao, Liang Zhang, Yijian Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

Component based software development provides an architectural way for dynamic reconfiguration. Interactions between components are explicitly represented by connectors, then reconfigurations can be performed on the macro-architecture and be nonintrusive on the components. In this paper, we introduce agents to act as intelligent connectors and the global coordinator. An intelligent connector based framework for dynamic architecture is proposed, in which the global agent and connector agents can perform auto-adaptation on the system-level and component-level respectively. Ontology is introduced to provide the common base for communication and auto-adaptation. The domain ontology also provides a knowledge base for event inference and service assembling. So the framework can offer more flexible and semantic ways for dynamic reconfigurations.
Automatic profile extraction based on frequency distribution of atoms for retrieving similar interaction protein
Authors: Mariko Matsumoto, Yusuke Nonomura, Takenao Ohkawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2005)

Protein function is closely related to the structure of interaction site of the protein. Proteins that have similar structure at interaction sites often bind to the same compound. We have proposed a method for retrieving similar interaction protein using profiles that represent the features of the interaction site binding to a certain compound. Since it takes a long time to extract a profile manually, automatic extraction of a profile from the protein structure data is highly required. This paper presents a method for automatic profile extraction based on frequency distribution of atoms. The profile extracted by using the proposed method was closely similar to the profile extracted manually. Retrieval experiment shows that the accuracy of identifying correct interaction sites using a profile generated by the proposed method is equivalent to the result using a manually constructured profile.