ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
SAR Sea Ice Image Segmentation Based on Edge-preserving Watersheds
Authors: Xuezhi Yang, David A. Clausi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (2007)

This paper presents a hybrid method for the segmentation of SAR sea ice images, which consists of an initial watershed segmentation followed by a region merging. Iterative bilateral filtering is used to reduce speckle noise and suppress irrelevant image details, which can significantly alleviate oversegmentation of watersheds. Since edges are well preserved by bilateral filtering, the watershed algorithm is capable of precisely locating object boundaries. Final segmentation is accomplished by applying an iterative region merging on the watershed regions by taking into account local boundary strengths and regional statistics. The efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the segmentation of SAR sea ice images. In comparison with traditional watershed algorithm, our method achieves better performance in identifying filament structures such as leads.
A summer workshop in 3D computer graphics and the World Wide Web
Authors: A. M. Spalter
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1996)

Anne Morgan Spalter works with Professor Andries van Dam to design and teach an intensive three week workshop held at Brown University. For the past three summers, local high school teachers have attended the workshop to learn about concepts in 3D graphics and ways in which computer graphics can be used to motivate the teaching of math, science, and art. Using examples provided by workshop participants and mentor teachers, Spalter discusses ways in which institutions like The Graphics and Visualization Center can help teachers learn about a field that now requires knowledge for many disciplines but did not exist as an academic subject when they were in school. Spalter also presents examples of ways in which research scientists can help build bridges between universities and K-12 institutions, helping to ensuring that students will arrive at college or in the workforce with the necessary preparation. During the summer of 1996, Center staff members, Brown University undergraduates, and teacher workshop participants created curricular resources that will be made available over the World Wide Web. Spalter demonstrates these efforts and introduces the Greenhouse Web site that supports them. Such projects will help future workshop participants and the public at large to better understand and teach concepts in computer graphics and their application to other fields such as mathematics, the physical sciences, and art and design.
Adding response time measurement of CIFS file server performance to NetBench
Authors: Karl L. Swartz
Venue: Proceedings of the 1997 Workshop on Large Scale System Administration of Windows NT (1997)

The standard benchmark for NFS file server performance, SPEC SFS (also known as LADDIS), measures performance in terms of both throughput--the aggregate amount of data a file server can move across the network per unit of time-and response time-the time required to service an individual client request. NetBench, the most commonly used file server benchmark for the CIFS (or SMB) protocol measures only throughput. Network Appliance believes response time is as important a performance metric as throughput, especially in the highly interactive environment typical of CIFS networks, since throughput offers little solace to a user waiting to access a file. This paper documents the methodology and tools developed to measure response time during a NetBench run. While cumbersome and primitive, useful data has been produced, demonstrating that the fundamental idea is sound. SPEC SFS has had a noticeable effect on vendors of NFS file servers, motivating them to improve response time from an average of 50ms in 1993 to less than 10ms in 1997. Given the ability to measure response time in the CIFS environment, hopefully a similar improvement can be encouraged in CIFS file servers.
A New Measure Based in the Rough Set Theory to Estimate the Training Set Quality
Authors: Yaile Caballero, Rafael Bello, Alberto Taboada, Ann Nowe, Maria M. Garcia, Gladys Casas
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

Due to the wide availability of huge amounts of data in electronic forms, the necessity of turning such data into useful knowledge has increased. This is a proposal of learning from examples. In this paper, we propose measures to evaluate the quality of training sets used by algorithms for learning classification. Our training set assessment relies on measures provided by Rough Sets Theory. Our experimental results involved three classifiers (k-NN, C-4.5 and MLP) applied to international data bases. The new measure we propose shows good results on these test cases.
Anisotropic selective inverse diffusion for signal enhancement in the presence of noise
Authors: G. Gilboa
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

Signal and image enhancement in the presence of noise is considered in the context of the scale-space approach. A modified dynamic process, based on the action of a nonlinear diffusion equation, is presented. The diffusion coefficient is adjusted according to the local gradient, intensity and other image properties, and as such also reverses its sign, i.e. switches from a forward to a backward (inverse) diffusion process according to a given criterion. This results in enhancement of transients and singularities in the one-dimensional case, and of edges in images, while locally denoising smoother segments of the signal or image. Regularization of the ill-posed inverse diffusion problem is discussed. Examples of both one-dimensional signals and images are presented.
Flexible querying of semistructured data: A fuzzy-set-based approach: Research Articles
Authors: Martine De Calmès, Henri Prade, Florence Sèdes
Venue: International Journal of Intelligent Systems (2007)

This article provides a general discussion about how flexible querying can be applied to semistructured data (SSD). We adapt flexible querying ideas, already used for classically structured databases, to XQuery-like querying of SSD for managing users' priority and preferences, but also for tackling with the variability of SSD underlying structures. Indeed flexible querying seems to be still more useful for SSD than for classical databases, because of the potential structural heterogeneity of the former. Fuzzy sets are useful for expressing flexible requirements on attribute values and for estimating the degree of similarity of tags, or attribute labels, with elements present in the request. Priorities are introduced in the request for specifying the relative importance of elementary requirements in terms of their semantic contents, but also preferences about the location of information in the structure. The evaluation of the queries uses a qualitative scale with a finite number of levels, and retrieved pieces of SSD are rank-ordered using a lexicographic vector procedure. Illustrative examples are provided. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 723&ndash;737, 2007.
Development of Engineering Thermodynamics Concept Inventory instruments
Authors: K. C. Midkiff
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

Preliminary instruments for the assessment of undergraduate engineering student understanding of fundamental thermodynamics concept are presented. The Thermodynamics Concept Inventory (TCI) instruments are patterned after the existing Force Concept Inventory (FCI) instruments. Numerous studies have supported the efficacy of pre- and post-course administration of the FCI as a means of assessing the effectiveness of educational reform activities. The objective of the work reported here is to develop similar instruments for the assessment of engineering thermodynamics. Like the FCI, the Thermodynamics Concepts Inventory (TCI) instruments should be brief, require minimal or no computation, should produce repeatable results across broad, diverse student populations, and should succinctly assess student understanding of fundamental thermodynamics concepts. The availability of such TCI instruments will allow faculty to compare the pre- and post-course performances of a class, to compare the performance of their class to that of classes at other institutions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of educational reform efforts. Although the preliminary ("beta") versions of the TCI reported here are aimed at mechanical engineering students, they should be suitable for use in other engineering disciplines with slight modification. In mechanical engineering, it is common to teach thermodynamics in a two-semester sequence of courses. Consequently, two versions of the TCI are presented, an introductory version and a more advanced version for second-semester students. Sample questions from the TCI instruments are exhibited here, and results of preliminary testing of the inventory on small student populations are discussed.
Building a graphical web history using Tcl/Tk
Authors: Frederick J. Hirsch
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop 1997 - Volume 5 (1997)

This poster describes the design and implementation of a Web history tool that automatically tracks user browsing activities, presents a graphic visualization of this activity, and provides a mechanism for manipulation and use of the history. This tool, caled HistoryGraph, demonstrates the power of using Tcl and Tk, especially through the reuse of existing components to create a powerful application in a short time. Our goal was to create a browser independent tool which automatically creates a browsing history, making it easy to record sites visited, easy to return to sites, and possible to create trails to share with others. Unlike bookmarks, this history is displayed graphically, is directlymanipulatable and may be integrated with other tools which work with URLs.
Worst-Case Diagnosis Completeness in Regular Graphs under the PMC Model
Authors: Antonio Caruso, Stefano Chessa, Piero Maestrini
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2007)

System-level diagnosis aims at the identification of faulty units in a system by the analysis of the system syndrome, that is, the outcomes of a set of interunit tests. For any given syndrome, it is possible to produce a correct (although possibly incomplete) diagnosis of the system if the number of faults is below a syndrome-dependent bound and the degree of diagnosis completeness, that is, the number of correctly diagnosed units, is also dependent on the actual syndrome \sigma. The worst-case diagnosis completeness is a syndrome-independent bound that represents the minimum number of units that the diagnosis algorithm correctly diagnoses for any syndrome. This paper provides a lower bound to the worst-case diagnosis completeness for regular graphs for which vertex-isoperimetric inequalities are known and it shows how this bound can be applied to toroidal grids. These results prove a previous hypothesis about the influence of two topological parameters of the diagnostic graph, that is, the bisection width and the diameter, on the degree of diagnosis completeness.
Panel: Software Engineering Education for a Flat World
Authors: Daniel Port, Ramanathan Narayanan
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training (2007)

Outsourcing and off shoring are inevitable buzz words today. Outsourcing refers to a firm sending its work to be done by another firm. Off shoring refers to work done at a geographical location far removed from the firm's location. The firm doing the job at the remote location could be a branch of the parent firm or an outsourced vendor / partner. In any case the business drivers are cost reduction, access to skilled resources, complementary process capabilities, supplementary domain / technology competencies and 24x7 customer servicing ability.
P2P Computing and Geoinformation Technologies: Research and Application Challenges
Authors: Alenka Krek, Manfred Bortenschlager
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (2006)

In this short paper we identify the beneficial properties of an incorporation of P2P concepts into the field of geoinformation technologies. We call for additional research in P2P computing related to its possible use in applications which support spatial decision-making processes.
Techniques for incorporating data quality assessments into learning algorithms for bayesian networks
Authors: Marco Valtorta
Venue:  (2006)

The field of Bayesian Networks (BNs) has had much success in developing structure learning algorithms to learn BNs directly from data. However, research has normally started with the assumption that the data given to the learning algorithm is accurate. This assumption is a na&iuml;ve one and can lead to very biased and unrealistic decision making frameworks. If we are to use decision making algorithms to their full potential we must design them with the capability to account for data quality. Our research lays the foundation for the development of new algorithms that incorporate data quality assessments into traditional BN learning algorithms---specifically the PC algorithm. We begin by reviewing Bayesian networks, learning algorithms, and data quality measures. We then quantify the effect of inaccurate data on the PC algorithm and develop three techniques for incorporating data quality assessments into the algorithm. Results indicate that a technique which modifies the significance level used by the PC algorithm is promising. We show and explain these results and offer guidelines for future research in this area.
An Efficient Technique for Leakage Current Estimation in Sub 65nm Scaled CMOS Circuits Based on Loading Effect
Authors: Ashesh Rastogi, Wei Chen, Alodeep Sanyal, Sandip Kundu
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

With scaling of CMOS technologies, sub-threshold, gate and reverse biased junction band-to-band-tunneling leakage have increased dramatically. Together they account for more than 25% of power consumption in the current generation of leading edge designs. Different sources of leakage can affect each other by interacting through resultant intermediate node voltages. This is called the loading effect. In this paper, we propose a pattern dependent steady state leakage estimation technique that incorporates loading effect and accounts for all three major leakage components, namely the gate, band to band tunneling and sub-threshold leakage and accounts for transistor stack effect. The proposed estimation technique has been validated against SPICE and can be deployed on larger circuits where SPICE simulation is infeasible. In this paper, we report a speed up of 2,000-70,000X speed-up over spice simulation on smaller circuits, where spice simulation is feasible. Further results show that loading effect is a significant factor in leakage that worsens with technology scaling.
Telementoring and computer-mediated discussions: a description of online instructors' support
Authors: Gibbs Kanyongo
Venue:  (2006)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate online instructors' characteristics and preferences concerning telementors' characteristics and role during a computer mediated discussion. In addition, this work looked for relationships between online instructors' characteristics in correlation to their support for the utilization of telementoring. Two thousand online instructors from a convenience sample received a request to participate email that contained a link to an anonymous contingency survey. Of those contacted, 323 instructors responded to the survey. Online instructors responded to questions about their characteristics, level of support for telementoring, and perceptions on a telementor's characteristics and roles. Spearman rho tests for each variable were significant when certain variables were correlated with instructors previously assisted by a telementor. Results indicated that online instructors did not support the use of telementoring by the highest percentage. However, instructors who had been assisted by a telementor depicted support for telementoring. Of the telementors' characteristics and roles, online instructors who had been assisted by a telementor identified telementor training, interacting with students, providing technical support, and scholarly support as important characteristics and roles that a telementor should have.
A practical ontology for the large-scale modeling of scholarly artifacts and their usage
Authors: Marko A. Rodriguez, Johan Bollen, Herbert Van de Sompel
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2007)

The large-scale analysis of scholarly artifact usage is constrained primarily by current practices in usage data archiving, privacy issues concerned with the dissemination of usage data, and the lack of a practical ontology for modeling the usage domain. As a remedy to the third constraint, this article presents a scholarly ontology that was engineered to represent those classes for which large-scale bibliographic and usage data exists, supports usage research, and whose instantiation is scalable to the order of 50 million articles along with their associated artifacts (e.g. authors and journals) and an accompanying 1 billion usage events. The real world instantiation of the presented abstract ontology is a semantic network model of the scholarly community which lends the scholarly process to statistical analysis and computational support. We present the ontology, discuss its instantiation, and provide some example inference rules for calculating various scholarly artifact metrics.
Towards Model-Based Failure-Management for Automotive Software
Authors: Vina Ermagan, Ingolf Krueger, Massimiliano Menarini, Jun-ichi Mizutani, Kentaro Oguchi, David Weir
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops (2007)

Failure management is a particular challenge problem in the automotive domain. Today's cars host a network of 30 to 80 electronic control units (ECUs), distributed over up to five interconnected in-car networks supporting hundreds to thousands of softwaredefined functions. This high degree of distribution of hard- and software components is a key contributor to the difficulty of failure management in vehicle. This paper addresses comprehensive failure management, starting from domain models for logical and deployment models of automotive software. These models capture interaction patterns as a critical part of both logical and deployment architectures, introducing failure detection and mitigation as "wrapper" services to "unmanaged services", i.e. services without failure management. We show how these models can be embedded into an interaction-centric development process, which captures failure management information across development phases. Finally, we exploit the failure management models to verify that a particular architecture meets its requirements under the stated failure hypothesis.
A Vision Based Interactive Billiard Ball Entertainment System
Authors: Chihhsiong Shih, William C. Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the The First IEEE International Workshop on Digital Game and Intelligent Toy Enhanced Learning (2007)

A billiard ball tracking system is designed to combine with a visual guiding interface run on a PC to instruct users of game playing strategy. The system makes use of a vision system for tracking of the cue ball, and target ball locations. A visual display system instructs users of an ideal striking direction of a cue ball using a cue stick to sink a selected object ball into a target pocket in the real world. Both sub-systems are fully integrated through a least square error calibration process, which correlates the real world, and the virtual world pool ball coordinates. The vision system has been tested to extract and recognize the different balls.. identity and their center positions. The system has been tested to work together successfully in a mini-prototype pool table. Users are able to adjust the cue stick on the table according to the visual instruction displayed on a PC. Arbitrarily selected object ball can be driven into the target pocket accordingly.
An optimal set-theoretic blind deconvolution scheme based on hybrid steepest descent method
Authors: I. Yamada
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1999)

We propose a simple set-theoretic blind deconvolution scheme based on a previously developed convex projection technique called hybrid steepest descent methods. The scheme is essentially motivated by Kundur and Hatzinakos's (see IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.13, no.3, p.43-63, 1996 and IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.46, p.375-90, 1998) idea that minimizes a certain cost function uniformly reflecting all a priori information such as the (i) nonnegativity of the true image and the (ii) support size of the original object. The most remarkable feature of the proposed scheme is that one can utilize each a priori information separately from other ones, where some partial information are treated in a set theoretic sense while the others are incorporated in a cost function to be minimized.
Beam deflections via computer algebra systems
Authors: V. S. Hillsman, M. M. Tomovic
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 - Volume 02 (1995)

Computer algebra software can be used to replace the traditional paper and pencil approach for generating mathematical symbolic solutions. The user must only define problems in a software understandable format, and then the computer rapidly performs the actual calculations. Computer algebra software can be used to supplement traditional solution techniques in mechanics of materials courses. Although most mechanics of materials texts include a number of beam deflection solution methods, students are normally shown only one, or possibly two methods due to course time constraints. Computer algebra software can be used to help automate the beam deflection process. Once a moment equation has been developed, the software is used to perform the integrations, solve for the constants of integration, develop the final deflection equation and then plot a deflection curve. The rapid computational speed of the software allows the user to analyze a large number of problems in a minimum amount of time. An example problem is included to illustrate using computer algebra software as a supplement to traditional double-integration beam deflection hand calculations.
Quantum and Classical Strong Direct Product Theorems and Optimal Time-Space Tradeoffs
Authors: Hartmut Klauck, Robert S&caron;palek, Ronald de Wolf
Venue: SIAM Journal on Computing (2006)

A strong direct product theorem says that if we want to compute $k$ independent instances of a function, using less than $k$ times the resources needed for one instance, then our overall success probability will be exponentially small in $k$. We establish such theorems for the classical as well as quantum query complexity of the OR-function. This implies slightly weaker direct product results for all total functions. We prove a similar result for quantum communication protocols computing $k$ instances of the disjointness function. Our direct product theorems imply a time-space tradeoff $T^2S=\Om{N^3}$ for sorting $N$ items on a quantum computer, which is optimal up to polylog factors. They also give several tight time-space and communication-space tradeoffs for the problems of Boolean matrix-vector multiplication and matrix multiplication.