ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A polymorphic modal type system for lisp-like multi-staged languages
Authors: Ik-Soon Kim, Kwangkeun Yi, Cristiano Calcagno
Venue: Conference record of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2006)

This article presents a polymorphic modal type system and its principal type inference algorithm that conservatively extend ML by all of Lisp's staging constructs (the quasi-quotation system). The combination is meaningful because ML is a practical higher-order, impure, and typed language, while Lisp's quasi-quotation system has long evolved complying with the demands from multi-staged programming practices. Our type system supports open code, unrestricted operations on references, intentional variable-capturing substitution as well as capture-avoiding substitution, and lifting values into code, whose combination escaped all the previous systems.
Representing Users in a Travel Support System
Authors: Maciej Gawinecki, Zygmunt Vetulani, Minor Gordon, Marcin Paprzycki
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2005)

We consider the construction and management of user profiles for an agent-based travel support system, with the goal of providing personalized content for individual users of the system. Profiles consist of statements about the "world of travel." Conditional probabilities for each statement model the strengths of user preferences. These probabilities are derived from implicit and explicit observations of user behavior.
Real-Time Lip Synchronization Using Wavelet Network
Authors: Fei Chen, Vladimir Spinko, Daming Shi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

A real-time synthetic talking head provides a natural communication interface for human-machine interaction. In this paper, two driving schemes for Mandarin are proposed. One is a speech-driven method using wavelet network to map audio signals to visual movements, the other is a hybrid driving scheme making use of linguistic analysis. Based on this framework, a web browser is successfully built up, in which a virtual newsreader can read Chinese web articles in real time.
Monte Carlo Simulation of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ying Wang, Mudi Xiong
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (2005)

LEACH protocol for wireless sensor network has attracted intensive attention because of its energy efficient, simplicity and load balancing. LEACH is a cluster-based protocol, and the numbers of cluster heads and cluster members generated by LEACH are important parameters for achieving better performance. This paper presents a simulation analysis of the statistical characteristics of the numbers of cluster heads and cluster members for LEACH protocol by means of Monte Carlo method. The simulation results have been compared with the analytical results, and coincidence between them has been observed. The results indicate that the numbers of cluster heads and cluster members vary in a not narrow range, and the probability that there is only one cluster head or there is no cluster head is high when the desired value of cluster heads is small.
Clustering mobile ad hoc networks using graph domination
Authors: Yuanzhu Peter Chen
Venue:  (2004)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructureless wireless communication network that supports mobile users. Scalability has been a critical issue for mobile ad hoc networks to become commercially successful. Building and maintaining hierarchies among user devices help to reduce control overhead and to address the scalability issue. Partitioning networks into smaller substructures, called clustering, is a fundamental building block for constructing and maintaining hierarchies. In this thesis, we propose and test various algorithms to construct and maintain a clustered network structure based on graph domination. We start with two approximation algorithms for constructing small weakly-connected dominating sets with logarithmic performance ratios. These algorithms are implemented in a distributed setting with certain parallelism. To further limit the execution of the above distributed algorithms, we propose a zonal scheme to divide the execution into two levels, i.e. interzonal and intrazonal. The maintenance is also carried out according to the zonal scheme. We also define gemini sets to extend the results to directed graphs to model mobile ad hoc networks in the presence of unidirectional links.
A view of people-oriented systems
Authors: Hugh Smith
Venue: ACM SIGSOC Bulletin (1979)

My object is to discuss what is meant by the notion of a "person-oriented computer system". Typically, we talk about desirable systems being "comfortable" and "responsive" in some way. It seems to me that there are three general conceptual ideas which must underlie responsiveness and comfortableness:In some way the user has an understanding of the system, its purpose, and its behavior.The system has a model of the user that relates to his/her purposes and behavior.That during the process of communication they both modify their behavior towards each other.
Material Representations: From the Genetic Code to the Evolution of Cellular Automata
Authors: Luis Mateus Rocha, Wim Hordijk
Venue: Artificial Life (2005)

We present a new definition of the concept of representation for cognitive science that is based on a study of the origin of structures that are used to store memory in evolving systems. This study consists of novel computer experiments in the evolution of cellular automata to perform nontrivial tasks as well as evidence from biology concerning genetic memory. Our key observation is that representations require inert structures to encode information used to construct appropriate dynamic configurations for the evolving system. We propose criteria to decide if a given structure is a representation by unpacking the idea of inert structures that can be used as memory for arbitrary dynamic configurations. Using a genetic algorithm, we evolved cellular automata rules that can perform nontrivial tasks related to the density task (or majority classification problem) commonly used in the literature. We present the particle catalogs of the new rules following the computational mechanics framework. We discuss if the evolved cellular automata particles may be seen as representations according to our criteria. We show that while they capture some of the essential characteristics of representations, they lack an essential one. Our goal is to show that artificial life can be used to shed new light on the computation-versus-dynamics debate in cognitive science, and indeed function as a constructive bridge between the two camps. Our definitions of representation and cellular automata experiments are proposed as a complementary approach, with both dynamics and informational modes of explanation.
Hierarchical Network Architecture for Efficient Home Service Management
Authors: Seungheon Lee, Jongsuk Song, Dongkyun Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

This paper proposes the hierarchical service network with three types of sub network, which manages home service applications. The highest network manages to administer the whole service networks and control sub networks remotely. The middle network with service gateways is responsible for the home service network with user scenario and the bottom network provides the service comprised of various embedded devices.
Research of Semantic Caching for LDQ in Mobile Network
Authors: Zhichao Li, Pilian He, Ming Lei
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Location-Dependent Query is becoming very popular in mobile environments. To improve system performance, many semantic cache models are proposed. In this paper, we first define a new structure of semantic segments index. Then we analyze the detailed query processing and FAR algorithm. For overcoming the shortage of predicting future location in FAR, we propose a new improved algorithm (RBF-FAR) as replacement policy, which use RBFNN to predicate next location instead of Velocity in FAR. Using this new replacement policy, we propose a new model for LDQ semantic cache. The experiment results show that new model, on the basis of RBF-FAR, is more flexible and effective at reducing average response time network-load used in LDQ than FAR model.
Delay Satisfaction End-to-End Priority Assignment and Routing in Multi- Class Priority Networks
Authors: Mohamed Ashour, Tho Le-Ngoc
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (2005)

This paper develops Quality of Service (QoS) based routing and priority class assignment algorithms using an end-to-end delay satisfaction balancing approach. Unlike the single-class delay satisfaction balancing optimization problem, the nonlinear multi-priority formulation is only convex within specific regions, and is infeasible otherwise. At first, a centralized off-line computation technique is proposed to calculate both the route configuration and end-to-end priority assignment. A gradient-based solution in the convex region and a heuristic to overcome the discontinuity are derived. An on-line distributed approximation is then presented. Performance evaluation shows that combining route and priority class assignment enables the network to accommodate more users of varying end-to-end delay requirements.
Automatic Number Plate Recognition for Australian Conditions
Authors: Leonard G. C. Hamey, Colin Priest
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing on Techniques and Applications (2005)

We consider the task of recognition of Australian vehicle number plates (also called license plates or registration plates in other countries). A system for Australian number plate recognition must cope with wide variations in the appearance of the plates. Each state uses its own range of designs with font variations between the designs. There are special designs issued for significant events such as the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Also, vehicle owners may place the plates inside glass covered frames or use plates made of non-standard materials. These issues compound the complexity of automatic number plate recognition, making existing approaches inadequate. We have developed a system that incorporates a novel combination of image processing and artificial neural network technologies to successfully locate and read Australian vehicle number plates in digital images. Commercial application of the system is envisaged.
Automated workplace design and reconfiguration for evolving business processes
Authors: Qi Zhang, Ying Zou, Tack Tong, Ross McKegney, Jen Hawkins
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

In this ever-changing business environment, business processes are constantly being customized to reflect the up-to-date organizational structure and business objectives. Furthermore, technological updates and innovation also affect the way business is carried out. A workplace application provides an interactive electronic working environment that integrates software applications to assist users in performing their daily work more efficiently. It is challenging to maintain workplace applications as it often involves labor-intensive manual reconfiguration to adapt workplace applications to the changes to business processes. In this paper, we propose a workplace design framework that automatically analyzes business processes and generates workplace applications. Furthermore, it permits workplace reconfiguration at run time, which minimizes the interruption to users' work and simplifies deployment of business process changes to workplace applications. A prototype workplace application is designed and developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Identifying traits with formal concept analysis
Authors: Adrian Lienhard, Stéphane Ducasse, Gabriela Arévalo
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

Traits are basically mixins or interfaces but with method bodies. In languages that support traits, classes are composed out of traits. There are two main advantages with traits. Firstly, decomposing existing classes into traits from which they can be recomposed improves the factoring of hierarchies. Secondly it increases the library reuse potential by providing more reusable traits. Identifying traits and decomposing class hierarchies into traits is therefore an important and challenging task to facilitate maintainability and evolution. In this paper we present how we use Formal Concept Analysis to identify traits in inheritance hierarchies. Our approach is two-staged: first we identify within a hierarchy maximal groups of methods that have a set of classes in common, second we cluster cohesive groups of methods based on method invocations as potential traits. We applied our approach on two significant hierarchies and compare our results with the manual refactorization of the same code which was done by the authors of traits.
An Integrated Data Preparation Scheme for Neural Network Data Analysis
Authors: Lean Yu, Shouyang Wang, K. K. Lai
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2006)

Data preparation is an important and critical step in neural network modeling for complex data analysis and it has a huge impact on the success of a wide variety of complex data analysis tasks, such as data mining and knowledge discovery. Although data preparation in neural network data analysis is important, some existing literature about the neural network data preparation are scattered, and there is no systematic study about data preparation for neural network data analysis. In this study, we first propose an integrated data preparation scheme as a systematic study for neural network data analysis. In the integrated scheme, a survey of data preparation, focusing on problems with the data and corresponding processing techniques, is then provided. Meantime, some intelligent data preparation solution to some important issues and dilemmas with the integrated scheme are discussed in detail. Subsequently, a cost-benefit analysis framework for this integrated scheme is presented to analyze the effect of data preparation on complex data analysis. Finally, a typical example of complex data analysis from the financial domain is provided in order to show the application of data preparation techniques and to demonstrate the impact of data preparation on complex data analysis.
The Mechanistic Basis of Compartmentalized Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dagmar Iber
Venue: Natural Computing: an international journal (2005)

Compartmentalized gene expression is essential for the development of multicellular organisms. Examples for compartmentalized gene expression can also be found among single-celled prokaryotes: sporulation in B. subtilis serves as a paradigm for the development of two different cell types (mother cell and prespore) from a single cell. The two different developmental programs are initiated when the transcription factor ¿F is released from an inhibitory complex in the smaller prespore but not in the mother cell. While the regulatory network that controls ¿F activity has long been known it has remained a conundrum how ¿F activity is restricted to the prespore. This review presents the latest model that has emerged from a mathematical analysis of the mechanism(s) by which asymmetric cell division leads to compartmentalized gene expression.
Agency in Natural and Artificial Systems
Authors: Alvaro Moreno, Arantza Etxeberria
Venue: Artificial Life (2005)

We analyze the conditions for agency in natural and artificial systems. In the case of basic (natural) autonomous systems, self-construction and activity in the environment are two aspects of the same organization, the distinction between which is entirely conceptual: their sensorimotor activities are metabolic, realized according to the same principles and through the same material transformations as those typical of internal processes (such as energy transduction). The two aspects begin to be distinguishable in a particular evolutionary trend, related to the size increase of some groups of organisms whose adaptive abilities depend on motility. Here a specialized system develops, which, in the sensorimotor aspect, is decoupled from the metabolic basis, although it remains dependent on it in the self-constructive aspect. This decoupling reveals a complexification of the organization. In the last section of the article this approach to natural agency is used to analyze artificial systems by posing two problems: whether it is possible to artificially build an organization similar to the natural, and whether this notion of agency can be grounded on different organizing principles.
Audio-visual sports highlights extraction using Coupled Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Ziyou Xiong
Venue: Pattern Analysis Applications (2005)

We present our studies on the application of Coupled Hidden Markov Models(CHMMs) to sports highlights extraction from broadcast video using both audio and video information. First, we generate audio labels using audio classification via Gaussian mixture models, and video labels using quantization of the average motion vector magnitudes. Then, we model sports highlights using discrete-observations CHMMs on audio and video labels classified from a large training set of broadcast sports highlights. Our experimental results on unseen golf and soccer content show that CHMMs outperform Hidden Markov Models(HMMs) trained on audio-only or video-only observations. Next, we study how the coupling between the two single-modality HMMs offers improvement on modelling capability by making refinements on the states of the models. We also show that the number of states optimized in this fashion also gives better classification results than other number of states. We conclude that CHMMs provide a promising tool for information fusion techniques in the sports domain for audio-visual event detection and analysis.
Design of a Software Distributed Shared Memory System using an MPI communication layer
Authors: Yoshinori Ojima, Mitsuhisa Sato, Taisuke Boku, Daisuke Takahashi
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms and Networks (2005)

We designed and implemented a software distributed shared memory (DSM) system, SCASH-MPI, by using MPI as the communication layer of the SCASH DSM. With MPI as the communication layer, we could use high-speed networks with several clusters and high portability. Furthermore, SCASH-MPI can use high-speed networks with MPI, which is the most commonly available communication library. On the other hand, existing software DSM systems usually use a dedicated communication layer, TCP, or UDP-Ethernet. SCASH-MPI avoids the need for a large amount of pin-down memory for shared memory use that has limited the applications of the original SCASH. In SCASH-MPI, a thread is created to support remote memory communication using MPI. An experiment on a 4-node Itanium cluster showed that the Laplace Solver benchmark using SCASH-MPI achieves a performance comparable to the original SCASH. Performance degradation is only 6.3% in the NPB BT benchmark Class B test. In SCASH-MPI, page transfer does not start until a page fault is detected. To hide the latency of page transmission, we implemented a prefetch function. The latency in BT Class B was reduced by 64% when the prefetch function was used.
A System Model and Protocol for Mobile Payment
Authors: Jun Liu, Jianxin Liao, Xiaomin Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Mobile payment is considered as the accelerator of e- and m- commerce. In this paper we propose an innovative system model for mobile payment based on the existing models. The novel model focuses on the enhancement of privacy and non-repudiation. It introduces trusted third elements and follows new mechanism to achieve this objective. Moreover we design a protocol with regard to the model and discuss the corresponding privacy in this architecture. The accountability implemented by the protocol is proved by formal analysis.
OpenVIDIA: parallel GPU computer vision
Authors: James Fung, Steve Mann
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Graphics and vision are approximate inverses of each other: ordinarily Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are used to convert "numbers into pictures" (i.e. computer graphics). In this paper, we propose using GPUs in approximately the reverse way: to assist in "converting pictures into numbers" (i.e. computer vision). The OpenVIDIA project uses single or multiple graphics cards to accelerate image analysis and computer vision. It is a library and API aimed at providing a graphics hardware accelerated processing framework for image processing and computer vision. OpenVIDIA explores the creation of a parallel computer architecture consisting of multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) built entirely from commodity hardware. OpenVIDIA uses multiple Graphic.Processing Units in parallel to operate as a general-purpose parallel computer architecture. It provides a simple API which implements some common computer vision algorithms. Many components can be used immediately and because the project is Open Source, the code is intended to serve as templates and examples for how similar algorithms are mapped onto graphics hardware. Implemented are image processing techniques (Canny edge detection, filtering), image feature handling (identifying and matching features) and image registration, to name a few.
The Research of Mobile User Interface Design Components From the Standpoint of Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Jaeyeob Jung
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (2005)

This Research aims to develop mobile user interface factors easily accessible and convenient for users from the standpoint of Universal Design for Learning. It is suggested that [1] Classify according to importance,[2]Providing definitive feedback regarding condition of processing and movement since mobile internet service is charged,[3]Design familiar and easy screen interface for user, [4]Don't use too many colors or images for visually unified images, [5] Apply hierarchical structure which has easily returned starting point.
Strategies for teaching older people to use the World Wide Web
Authors: Anna Dickinson, Roos Eisma, Peter Gregor, Audrey Syme, Scott Milne
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society (2005)

Information is increasingly displayed digitally, yet less than half of the population of the UK use the Internet. Older people are especially unlikely to be Internet users and the consequent risks of digital exclusion must be addressed. A training course in computers and web use for older adults took place at the University of Dundee, with 15 participants. The course approach was to simplify application interfaces and to ensure that basic skills were learnt before more complicated tasks were presented. As part of this process, there was a focus on learning to use the computer before learners were introduced to the web with its wide variety of content. The course outcomes were positive and the authors report them here in order to reflect upon the experience and help others who set out to provide training for older people in web use.