ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Increasing the utility of quantitative empirical studies for meta-analysis
Authors: Heidi Lam, Tamara Munzner
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 conference on BEyond time and errors: novel evaLuation methods for Information Visualization (2008)

Despite the long history and consistent use of quantitative empirical methods to evaluate information visualization techniques and systems, our understanding of interface use remains incomplete. While there are inherent limitations to the method, such as the choice of task and data, we believe the utility of study results can be enhanced if they were amenable to meta-analysis. Based on our experience in extracting design guidelines from existing quantitative studies, we recommend improvements to both study design and reporting to promote meta-analysis: (1) Use comparable interfaces in terms of visual elements, information content and amount displayed, levels of data organization displayed, and interaction complexity; (2) Capture usage patterns in addition to overall performance measurements to better identify design tradeoffs; (3) Isolate and study interface factors instead of overall interface performance; and (4) Report more study details, either within the publications, or as supplementary materials.
Parallel Powering
Authors: J. von zur Gathen
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium onFoundations of Computer Science, 1984 (1984)

A fast parallel computation for large powers of an integer module another integer is presented, assuming that the modulus has only small prime factors The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Stabilizing high-order, non-classical harmonic analysis of NDVI data for average annual models by damping model roughness
Authors: J. F. Hermance
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Fourier series and related harmonic methods have been demonstrably effective for identifying and characterizing the seasonal behaviour, or phenology, of a variety of terrestrial vegetation communities using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from Earth-orbiting satellites. The ultimate temporal resolution of such applications has been limited, however, by the common practice of truncating, or low pass filtering, harmonic series to relatively low order terms, in order to suppress spurious oscillations in the model results. The temporal resolution of these techniques can be significantly improved if, along with a weighted minimization of the sum of the squared data residuals tracking the upper envelope of observed data, we also enforce an expectation of minimum model roughness to dampen spurious oscillations in predicted values. The resulting annual models have resolutions consistent with the application of special transcendental forms, such as asymmetric Gaussian and logistic (sigmoidal) functions, recently reported in the literature.
Observation of linear systems with unknown inputs via high-order sliding-modes
Authors: Leonid Fridman, Arie Levant, Jorge Davila
Venue: International Journal of Systems Science (2007)

A high-order sliding-mode observer is designed for linear time invariant systems with single output and unknown bounded single input. It provides for the global observation of the state and the output under sufficient and necessary conditions of strong observability or strong detectability. The observation is finite-time-convergent and exact in the strong observability case. The accuracy of the proposed observation and identification schemes is estimated via the sampling step or magnitude of deterministic noises. The results are extended to the multi-input multi-output case.
Solving systems of set constraints with negated subset relationships
Authors: R. Gilleron, S. Tison, M. Tommasi
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE 34th Annual Foundations of Computer Science (1993)

We present a decision procedure, based on tree automata techniques, for satisfiability of systems of set constraints including negated subset relationships. This result extends all previous works on set constraints solving and solves a problem which was left open by L. Bachmair et al. (1993). We prove in a constructive way that a non empty set of solutions always contains a regular solution, that is a tuple of regular tree languages. Moreover, we think that the new class of tree automata described here could be interesting in its own.
Graphical IDDQ signatures reduce defect level and yield loss
Authors: Lan Rao, Michael L. Bushnell, Vishwani D. Agrawal
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2007)

We propose a new IDDQ testing signature, the graphical IDDQ signature. We discovered that noise, in the entire set of current measurements for a chip, is a vastly superior feature for classifying chips as good or bad, compared to present methods. The measured IDDQ current as a function of vectors is defined here as the signature. We examine the shape of the waveform defined by the total set of the IDDQ measurements, to extract the number of bands that all of the current measurements cluster into, the width and separation of the bands and current glitches or noise among all IDDQ measurements. We examined the IDDQ signatures of all SEMATECH experiment chips that were classified as good or bad by a combination of functional, delay, and scan voltage tests. A single IDDQ threshold, whether absolute or differential, cannot separate good/bad chips reliably. Good chip signatures contain discrete levels (or bands) of varying widths and separations. A faulty chip almost always displays noise and glitches in the band structure. The graphical IDDQ classifier shows very high accuracy for SEMATECH test data with a test escape rate of 5.97%, compared with 7.5% for the single threshold method, 7.6% for current differences and 7.5% for the Δ IDDQ method. The graphical IDDQ method had a 1.2% test overkill, compared with 2.3% for the single threshold method, 6.1% for current differences and 7.0% for Δ IDDQ.
A metadata generation system for scanned scientific volumes
Authors: Xiaonan Lu, Brewster Kahle, James Z. Wang, C. Lee Giles
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2008)

Large scale digitization projects have been conducted at digital libraries to preserve cultural artifacts and to provide permanent access. The increasing amount of digitized resources, including scanned books and scientific publications, requires development of tools and methods that will efficiently analyze and manage large collections of digitized resources. In this work, we tackle the problem of extracting metadata from scanned volumes of journals. Our goal is to extract information describing internal structures and content of scanned volumes, which is necessary for providing effective content access functionalities to digital library users. We propose methods for automatically generating volume level, issue level, and article level metadata based on format and text features extracted from OCRed text. We show the performance of our system on scanned bound historical documents nearly two centuries old. We have developed the system and integrated it into an operational digital library, the Internet Archive, for real-world usage.
A Case Study in Partial Parsing Unstructured Text
Authors: Chia-Chu Chiang, John Talburt, Ningning Wu, Elizaberth Pierce, Chris Heien, Ebony Gulley, JaMia Moore
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

This paper presents a parsing method for the entity extraction from open source documents. A web page of interest is first downloaded to a text file. The method then applies a set of patterns to the text file to extract interesting entity fragments. The patterns are currently particularly designed for obituary announcements. With the extracted entities, the next step is to identify these entities before they are populated into a database. An entity resolution process is presented to determine the actual identities. A case study is illustrated with the method and the results are presented also. Although the results show that the method is not technically effective and promising, the research results do help understand how well or bad a quick parsing technique extracts entities of interest from obituaries on the web. More effective techniques should be further considered to improve the extraction results.
Energyscale for IBM POWER6 microprocessor-based systems
Authors: H.-Y. McCreary, M. A. Broyles, M. S. Floyd, A. J. Geissler, S. P. Hartman, F. L. Rawson, T. J. Rosedahl, J. C. Rubio, M. S. Ware
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2007)

With increasing processor speed and density, denser system packaging, and other technology advances, system power and heat have become important design considerations. The introduction of new technology including denser circuits, improved lithography, and higher clock speeds means that power consumption and heat generation, which are already significant problems with older systems, are significantly greater with IBM POWER6™ processor-based designs, including both standalone servers and those implemented as blades for the IBM BladeCenter® product line. In response, IBM has developed the EnergyScale™ architecture, a system-level power management implementation for POWER6 processor-based machines. The EnergyScale architecture uses the basic power control facilities of the POWER6 chip, together with additional board-level hardware, firmware, and systems software, to provide a complete power and thermal management solution. The EnergyScale architecture is performance aware, taking into account the characteristics of the executing workload to ensure that it meets the goals specified by the user while reducing power consumption. This paper introduces the EnergyScale architecture and describes its implementation in two representative platform designs: an eight-way, rack-mounted machine and a server blade. The primary focus of this paper is on the algorithms and the firmware structure used in the EnergyScale architecture, although it also provides the system design considerations needed to support performance-aware power management. In addition, it describes the extensions and modifications to power management that are necessary to span the range of POWER6 processor-based system designs.
Comparison of multimedia delivery scenarios using parallel wireless links and path diversity
Authors: Ki-Dong Lee, Byung K. Yi, Victor C. M. Leung
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2007)

Several scenarios to deliver multimedia streams in wireless multi-hop networks, as in the wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) environment, are considered and examined. Those scenarios considered in this paper are not new but they are examined in a new environment where the system is benefited from path diversity and cooperative diversity. By simulation, we examine those scenarios in an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based wireless network. The simulation results demonstrate how much path diversity and cooperative diversity improve the performance in average sense. We also discuss open research issues on resource utilization in emerging wireless networks.
Searching for the Right Fit: Balancing IT Security Management Model Trade-Offs
Authors: Kirstie Hawkey, Kasia Muldner, Konstantin Beznosov
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2008)

IT security professionals' effectiveness in an organization is influenced not only by how usable their security management tools are but also by how well the organization's security management model (SMM) fits. Finding the right SMM is critical but can be challenging — trade-offs are inherent to each approach, but their implications aren't always clear. The authors present a case study of one academic institution that created a centralized security team but disbanded it in favor of a more distributed approach three years later. They contrast these experiences with expectations from industry standards.
Mean square exponential stability of stochastic recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays
Authors: Chuangxia Huang, Yigang He, Hainu Wang
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

The stability of a class of stochastic Recurrent Neural Networks with time-varying delays is investigated in this paper. With the help of the Lyapunov function and the Dini derivative of the expectation of V(t,X(t)) ''along'' the solution X(t) of the model, a set of novel sufficient conditions on mean square exponential stability has been established. An example is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
The ratio of the irredundance number and the domination number for block-cactus graphs
Authors: V. E. Zverovich
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (1998)

Let &gamma;(G) and ir(G) denote the domination number and the irredundance number of a graph G, respectively. Allan and Laskar [Proc. 9th Southeast Conf. on Combin., Graph Theory Comp. (1978) 4356] and Bollob&aacute;s and Cockayne [J. Graph Theory (1979) 241249] proved independently that &gamma;(G) < 2ir(G) for any graph G. For a tree T, Damaschke [Discrete Math. (1991) 101104] obtained the sharper estimation 2 ggr;(T) < 3ir(T). Extending Damaschke's result, Volkmann [Discrete Math. (1998) 221228] proved that 2&gamma;(G) &le; 3ir(G) for any block graph G and for any graph G with cyclomatic number &mu;(G) &le; 2. Volkmann also conjectured that 5&gamma;(G) < 8ir(G) for any cactus graph. In this article we show that if G is a block-cactus graph having &pi;(G) induced cycles of length 2 (mod 4), then &gamma;(G)(5&pi;(G) + 4) &le; ir(G)(8&pi;(G) + 6). This result implies the inequality 5&gamma;(G) < 8ir(G) for a block-cactus graph G, thus proving the above conjecture. &copy; 1998 John Wiley Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 29: 139149, 1998
Achieving IT-Business Strategic Alignment via Enterprise-Wide Implementation of Balanced Scorecards
Authors: C. Derrick Huang, Qing Hu
Venue: Information Systems Management (2007)

IT-business alignment remains one of the top issues of IS managers. This article presents a case study in which four key elements of IT-business alignment-integrated planning, effective communication, active relationship management, and institutionalized culture of alignment-were enhanced by the enterprise-wide implementation of an established strategic management tool, the balanced scorecard.
A non-linear dimension reduction methodology for generating data-driven stochastic input models
Authors: Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Nicholas Zabaras
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2008)

Stochastic analysis of random heterogeneous media (polycrystalline materials, porous media, functionally graded materials) provides information of significance only if realistic input models of the topology and property variations are used. This paper proposes a framework to construct such input stochastic models for the topology and thermal diffusivity variations in heterogeneous media using a data-driven strategy. Given a set of microstructure realizations (input samples) generated from given statistical information about the medium topology, the framework constructs a reduced-order stochastic representation of the thermal diffusivity. This problem of constructing a low-dimensional stochastic representation of property variations is analogous to the problem of manifold learning and parametric fitting of hyper-surfaces encountered in image processing and psychology. Denote by M the set of microstructures that satisfy the given experimental statistics. A non-linear dimension reduction strategy is utilized to map M to a low-dimensional region, A. We first show that M is a compact manifold embedded in a high-dimensional input space R^n. An isometric mapping F from M to a low-dimensional, compact, connected set A@?R^d(d@?n) is constructed. Given only a finite set of samples of the data, the methodology uses arguments from graph theory and differential geometry to construct the isometric transformation F:M->A. Asymptotic convergence of the representation of M by A is shown. This mapping F serves as an accurate, low-dimensional, data-driven representation of the property variations. The reduced-order model of the material topology and thermal diffusivity variations is subsequently used as an input in the solution of stochastic partial differential equations that describe the evolution of dependant variables. A sparse grid collocation strategy (Smolyak algorithm) is utilized to solve these stochastic equations efficiently. We showcase the methodology by constructing low-dimensional input stochastic models to represent thermal diffusivity in two-phase microstructures. This model is used in analyzing the effect of topological variations of two-phase microstructures on the evolution of temperature in heat conduction processes.
A Comparison of Queuing Models for Handover Strategies in Cellular Mobile Telecommunication Systems
Authors: Niemah Izzeldin Osman, Mike E. Woodward
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) (2008)

The expanding mobile market has boosted the significance of handover management techniques. As cell sizes tend to decrease, the influx of handovers on each cell increases; bringing handover management techniques into the limelight. Consequently, handovers become one of the crucial assessing factors for the performance evaluation of cellular mobile communication systems. In order to evaluate the performance of handover management techniques, two different queuing models were designed: First Come First Serve (FCFS) and Signal Strength Priority (SSP) queues. In case of FCFS, the handovers are served in the sequence of their arrival, whereas in SSP they are served in accordance to their signal strength. Computer simulations were developed to analyze the behavior of the two models. In order to validate the results, Markov analytical models were designed and programmed. This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of the queuing models using different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters.
Deforming point-based models using an electronic glove
Authors: A. Vashisth, S. P. Mudur
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference (2008)

The development of simple and intuitive interactive deformation techniques for point-based models is essential if they have to find wide-spread application in different domains. In this paper we describe an interactive technique for deforming the surface of a point-based model by adapting a physically-based mesh-free shape deformation formulation to work with input from an electronic glove. Each finger tip of the glove forms a point probe whose movement into/away from the surface is used as a directed force at the surface point for deforming the model. After the glove is spatially registered with the point-based model, one or more fingers can be simultaneously used for deforming the model.
Self-regulated learning strategies and software training
Authors: Jane Gravill, Deborah Compeau
Venue: Information and Management (2008)

We investigated one aspect of the growing trend towards self-management within organizations by examining the learning processes that individuals use when learning computer software alone in a web-based training environment, and found that individuals learn in different ways. Software training in any context requires individuals to apply self-regulated learning strategies to achieve their learning objectives. Self-regulated learning strategies are the processes that they use to manage their own learning. As self-guided training gains popularity, self-regulated learning strategies become increasingly important, because the learner typically has more control of their training. We found that self-regulated learning strategies led to better outcomes in our study of managers and professionals learning to use an ERP system. We also gained insights into the most popular learning strategies. This work enhanced our understanding of user processes when learning computer software. It should assist organizations in maximizing the return from their investment in training employees and managing knowledge.
Experiences with Fine-Grained Distributed Supercomputing on a 10G Testbed
Authors: Kees Verstoep, Jason Maassen, Henri E. Bal, John W. Romein
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2008)

This paper shows how lightpath-based networks can allow challenging,fine-grained parallel supercomputing applications to be run on a grid,using parallel retrograde analysis on DAS-3 as a case study. Detailed performance analysis shows that several problems arise that are not present on tightly-coupled systems like clusters. In particular, flow control, asynchronous communication,and host-level communication overheads become new obstacles. By optimizing these aspects, however, a 10G grid can obtainhigh performance for this type of communication-intensive application. The class of large-scale distributed applications suitable for running on a grid is therefore larger than previously thought realistic.
Novel detection methods for overhead contact system zigzag based on neural networks
Authors: Chen Tanglong, Xiao Jian
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Systems (2005)

Some new methods for the zigzag detection of overhead contact system (OCS) of high-speed electrified railway are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the algorithm for the computation of OCS zigzag is given. A low-pass filter is adopted to reduce the system errors. Then the modelling and system design using neural network and adaptive neural network fuzzy logic inference are given respectively. Finally, the efficiency and performance are verified with simulations and comparable to the practical test results.
Statistical Approach to NoC Design
Authors: Itamar Cohen, Ori Rottenstreich, Isaac Keslassy
Venue: Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip (2008)

Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) combine increasingly many general-purpose processor cores on a single chip. These cores run several tasks with unpredictable communication needs, resulting in uncertain and often-changing traffic patterns. This unpredictability leads network-on-chip (NoC) designers to plan for the worst-case traffic patterns, and significantly over-provision link capacities. In this paper, we provide NoC designers with an alternative statistical approach. We first present the traffic-load distribution plots (T-Plots), illustrating how much capacity overprovisioning is needed to service 90%, 99%, or 100% of all traffic patterns. We prove that in the general case, plotting T-Plots is #P-complete, and therefore extremely complex. We then show how to determine the exact mean and variance of the traffic load on any edge, and use these to provide Gaussian-based models for the T-Plots, as well as guaranteed performance bounds. Finally, we use T-Plots to reduce the network power consumption by providing an efficient capacity allocation algorithm with predictable performance guarantees.
Development and validation of functional imprint material for the step and flash imprint lithography process
Authors: J. Kettle, P. Coppo, G. Lalev, C. Tattershall, S. Dimov, M. L. Turner
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

A formulation including dissolved phosphorescent iridium complex has been synthesised as a resist for step and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL(TM)). Functional properties of the resist after curing are demonstrated and structures as small as 50nm have been successfully imprinted with this material onto a 4in. silicon wafer. Fluorescent microscopy images demonstrate increased fluorescent signals where arrays of nano structures are imprinted. This technique of direct imprinting of functional materials could potentially lead to rapid, high throughput and low-cost fabrication of nanoscale organic devices and circuits.