ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Net criticality revisited: an effective method to improve timing in physical design
Authors: H. Chang, E. Shragowitz, J. Liu, H. Youssef, B. Lu, S. Sutanthavibul
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Physical design (2002)

Criticality metrics is a type of predictive models used in VLSI design. This work demonstrates that timing in physical design could be substantially improved if circuits were subjected to timing criticality analysis prior to layout and new criticality metrics were used to drive layout system. These new metrics are computed as ratios of net physical characteristics to the net delay bounds determined by an optimal bounds computation algorithm. Attempts to develop criticality metrics prior to layout were made before, but these metrics were not based on the bound ideology. The paper provides probabilistic interpretation of new criticality metrics and derivation of some important properties of these metrics. Evaluation of net criticality by new metrics can be easily merged with any layout system that allows weights to be assigned to nets on placement and/or routing steps. The methodology has been tested with a commercial layout system from a leading CAD provider. When the new criticality information was supplied to a basic commercial standard cell placer and router, timing was improved by 29.5% for the set of testcases. The achieved result is 12% better than timing generated by a targeted timing-driven layout system from the same provider. All additional computations related to the new criticality metrics require only negligible increase in run time of the basic layout system.
The Ultimate Human Body
Authors: DK Publishing
Venue:  (1997)

:3-D technology allows interactive learning in this new version of the original CD-ROM. New features include a 3-D body scanner, a 3-D body fly-through, and a challenging quiz.
Softdesk Architecture 1 Certified Courseware: With Cdrom
Authors: Softdesk Technical Resource
Venue:  (1996)

:Auto-Architect is a powerful design tool. This book gives you the skills you need to truly use Auto-Architect. For classroom training or self-study, this book helps you prepare for the Auto-Architect Level 1 Certification Exam. The book includes goals and objectives that show what skills you should have as a result of this training. If you can perform the skills presented in this book, you should be able to pass the examinations and proudly claim to be level 1 certified for Auto-Architect. The better you understand how the Softdesk modules work together, the more you gain from Softdesk Core and Auto-Architect. In this book you will begin to see how Softdesk is a project management resource, as well as a powerful application design tool. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Creative PowerPoint Presentations in a Weekend
Authors: Brian Reilly
Venue:  (1997)

:Demystifying the elements of multimedia presentations, Create PowerPoint Presentations In a Weekend provides easy-to-follow guidelines for the beginner and intermediate computer user. This book is a guide to utilizing the most effective media in the shortest time possible to dazzle, delight, and persuade.
A Guide to the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Second Edition
Authors: Floyd Wilder
Venue:  (1998)

:Now you can keep up-to-date on all the major protocols of a TCP/IP-based network  without searching through dozens of detailed RFCs. All you need is this comprehensive, technical update, which describes the most interfaces of any single source and features an introduction to binary and hexadecimal arithmetic. This handy reference guide also provides exclusive coverage of L2TP, the hot new protocol being implemented by most manufacturers of routers and network access servers. Plus, it's the first to include LAN analysis screens and engineering-level detail on IPv6 routing. You will learn the fundamentals of the Internet and TCP/IP protocol suite and how it works  not with formal specifications but through the use of graphic illustrations and functional descriptions that are easy to understand. And to keep you up-to-date, the book includes detailed coverage of interface enhancements and revisions, as well as important new additions. Specifically, you will find:  An enhanced description of IP, including IPv6  plus examples of dynamic routing such as RIPv2, OSPF, BGP, NAT, and CIDR  Enhanced descriptions of ARP, RARP, and BOOTP, with added descriptions of IARP, DHCP, and RADIUS  A revised description of FTP and an added description of HTTP This latest edition is a valuable one-source reference for a broad range of technical professionals, including data communications analysts, software engineers, hardware engineers, and software programmers. It is particularly well suited for those who need to know how all the major TCP/IP protocols work but don't require the fine details of formal specifications.
Control structure for systems analysis and design: a tool for defining the functional architecture of organizations and information systems
Authors: D. R. Chand, J. F. Brown
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual Southeast regional conference (1979)

In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in methodologies for developing software that is reliable, maintainable and extensible. Since programs are the products of the software development process, it is natural that the early efforts to improve the quality of software were concentrated on the programming aspect of software development. However, it is clear today that no programming methodology can overcome the errors and problems incurred in the functional specification phase of software development. The complexity of the software specification task is well accepted but very few ideas for dealing with that complexity exist. A new approach is needed that enables the analyst to develop correct specifications that can be validated in terms of the information needs.The approach presented in this paper focuses on the problem definition for information systems that is based upon organization structure and functions. Social organizations are open systems as defined in general systems theory, and as such the functions of an organization may be analyzed in terms of a general model of open, living systems. The paper presents the application of an open system model to define the functional structure of organization subsystems and their interrelations that achieve the overall objectives of the organization.The open systems model is applied to define two dimensions of the problem, the resource flows and the control structure of the organization. Those dimensions define the functional hierarchy of the organization, and the information channels linking organization sub-systems define the functional role of the information system. In fact, the information system turns out to be a subsystem of the organization that interfaces the control subsystem with the operating subsystem. The framework aids the analyst in deriving information requirement specifications that can be validated against the organization's needs for information.
Effects of ensemble-TCP
Authors: Lars Eggert, John Heidemann, Joe Touch
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2000)

TCP currently recalculates the state of each connection from a fixed set of initial parameters; this recalculation occurs over several round trips, during which the connection can be less than efficient. TCP control block sharing is a technique for reusing information among connections in series and aggregating it among connections in parallel. This paper explores the design space of a modified TCP stack that utilizes these two ideas, and one possible design (E-TCP) is presented in detail. E-TCP has been designed so that the network transmission behavior of group of parallel E-TCP connections closely resembles that of a single TCP/Reno connection. Simulated web accesses using HTTP/1.0 over E-TCP show a significant performance improvement compared to TCP/Reno connection bundles. This paper is first to evaluate performance using four different intra-ensemble schedulers for different workloads. In one scenario simulating a common case, E-TCP is 4-75% faster than Reno for transmitting the HTML parts of various pages, and 17-61% faster transmitting the whole pages. In the same scenario, reusing cached state speeds up repeated E-TCP page accesses by 17-53% for the HTML parts and 10-28% for the whole pages, compared to the initial access. E-TCP can also be integrated with other proposed TCP extensions (such as TCP/Vegas or TCP/SACK), to further improve performance.
Using Visual Basic with AutoCAD with Disk, 2nd edition
Authors: Andrew G. Roe
Venue:  (2000)

:Now in an all-new second edition, Using Visual Basic with AutoCAD continues to encourage readers to explore the customization power they can unleash using Visual Basic to automate AutoCAD 2000. Over 500 pages - featuring a wealth of step-by-step examples presented in the book and on the companion CD-ROM - offer expert instruction in using both Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and stand-alone Visual Basic (VB). Ideal for programmers of all abilities;, from the novice through the expert, Using Visual Basic with AutoCAD provides unparalleled coverage of topics ranging from simple customization of AutoCAD commands, to building impressive stand-alone applications, through debugging programs.Part of the popular Programmer's Reference Series from Autodesk Press, Using Visual Basic with AutoCAD begins by familiarizing readers with Visual Basic environment and then delves immediately into creating and modifying objects as well as extracting data from drawings. Subsequent chapters illustrate how to create and distribute real-world applications; how to communicate with other applications using dynamic data exchange (DDE) and object linking and embedding (OLE); how to exchange AutoCAD data with popular spreadsheet, word-processing and database applications; and how to debug programs. (Note: While prior knowledge of AutoCAD is assumed, no previous Visual Basic experience is required to use this book successfully) Keywords: Visual Basic The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A fine-grained access control system for XML documents
Authors: Ernesto Damiani, Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, Stefano Paraboschi, Pierangela Samarati
Venue: ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) (2002)

Web-based applications greatly increase information availability and ease of access, which is optimal for public information. The distribution and sharing of information via the Web that must be accessed in a selective way, such as electronic commerce transactions, require the definition and enforcement of security controls, ensuring that information will be accessible only to authorized entities. Different approaches have been proposed that address the problem of protecting information in a Web system. However, these approaches typically operate at the file-system level, independently of the data that have to be protected from unauthorized accesses. Part of this problem is due to the limitations of HTML, historically used to design Web documents. The extensible markup language (XML), a markup language promoted by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), is de facto the standard language for the exchange of information on the Internet and represents an important opportunity to provide fine-grained access control. We present an access control model to protect information distributed on the Web that, by exploiting XML's own capabilities, allows the definition and enforcement of access restrictions directly on the structure and content of the documents. We present a language for the specification of access restrictions, which uses standard notations and concepts, together with a description of a system architecture for access control enforcement based on existing technology. The result is a flexible and powerful security system offering a simple integration with current solutions.
Python programming patterns
Authors: Thomas W. Christopher
Venue:  (2002)

Python isn't just a tool for creating short Web scripts and simple prototypes: its advantages are equally compelling in large-scale development. In Python Programming Patterns, Thomas Christopher shows developers the best ways to write large programs with Python, introducing powerful design patterns that deliver unprecedented levels of robustness, scalability, and reuse. Christopher teaches both the Python programming language and how to "program in the large" with Python, using objects, modularization, toolkits, frameworks, and other powerful tools and techniques.
Optical networks: a practical perspective, 2nd edition edition
Authors: Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar N. Sivarajan
Venue:  (2001)

This fully updated and expanded second edition of Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective succeeds the first as the authoritative source for information on optical networking technologies and techniques. Written by two of the field's most respected individuals, it covers componentry and transmission in detail but also emphasizes the practical networking issues that affect organizations as they evaluate, deploy, or develop optical solutions.
Autonomous decentralized systems technologies and their application to train transport operation system
Authors: Kinji Mori
Venue: High integrity software (2001)

Large, mission-critical systems are required to satisfy, as nearly as possible, a 100% availability requirement. This imposes an on-line property, which includes on-line expansion for constructing a system step-by-step without stopping the system's operation, on-line maintenance for testing and repairing during the system operation, and fault-tolerance. Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ADS) have been proposed for achieving the on-line property, and its technologies have been effectively applied in various fields including transportation, factory automation, information service and so on. ADS are realized by the Data Field (DF) architecture, where data is broadcast with the content code corresponding to the data attached. Each subsystem selects its data depending on the content code instead of the address. Subsystems independently start their execution after all of the necessary data is received. Based on the DF architecture, the on-line property is realized. One of the applications of the ADS for the Toyko Metropolitan-Area Train Transport Operation Control System is discussed here to show that the on-line property and the heterogeneous requirements for real-time control and high-throughput information services are achieved.
HTML Publishing for the Internet, 2e, 1st edition
Authors: Brent D. Heslop
Venue:  (1997)

:HTML Publishing on the Internet, Second Edition features critical updates and technologies not available when its best-selling predecessor was published last year. These updates include frames, animated GIFs, style sheets, streaming audio, and VRML, which combine to create powerful, compelling Web pages.In a presentation highlighted by numerous examples and templates, the author takes users step-by-step through creating a home page, with tips on layout and nonlinear organization. Readers will learn how to create hyperlinks and how to build graphics, video, and sound into their documents. New sections feature complete instructions for using Microsoft's newest tools, including ActiveX components, VBScript, scrolling marquees, and table and frame extensions. Plus, users save time and money by downloading components of the new technologies from the Web or from the companion CD-ROM rather than trying to learn every aspect of the technologies.Successor to the international bestseller HTML Programming on the Internet, which sold more than 15,000 copies.Covers all new HTML features and updates to Web technologies.Addresses issues relevant to Internet Explorer 3.0 and Netscape Navigator.HTML authoring tools, graphics, multimedia utilities, textures, templates, and demos
Statistical properties of the simulated time horizon in conservative parallel discrete-event simulations
Authors: G. Korniss, M. A. Novotny, A. K. Kolakowska, H. Guclu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2002)

We investigate the universal characteristics of the simulated time horizon of the basic conservative parallel algorithm when implemented on regular lattices. This technique [1, 2] is generically applicable to various physical, biological, or chemical systems where the underlying dynamics is asynchronous. Employing direct simulations, and using standard tools and the concept of dynamic scaling from non-equilibrium surface/interface physics, we identify the universality class of the time horizon and determine its implications for the asymptotic scalability of the basic conservative scheme. Our main finding is that while the simulation converges to an asymptotic nonzero rate of progress, the statistical width of the time horizon diverges with the number of PEs in a power law fashion. This is in contrast with the findings of Ref. [3]. This information can be very useful, e.g., we utilize it to understand optimizing the size of a moving "time window" to enforce memory constraints.
Fast Forward MBA in Technology Management, 1st edition
Authors: Daniel P. Petrozzo
Venue:  (1998)

:In Fast Forward MBA in Technology Management, Daniel Petrozzo, technology expert and a vice president of the Information Technology Department at Morgan Stanley, cuts through the media hype to provide managers with a clear, realistic picture of current and emerging information technology. He provides managers with lucid, easy-to-follow guidelines and proven strategies for making technology work for their needs. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Design Patterns in Communication Software
Authors: Linda Rising
Venue:  (2000)

: : This definitive compendium of design patterns in communication software, gathered together by Linda Rising, includes contributions by James O. Coplien, Douglas C. Schmidt, Robert Hamner, Greg Utas, Just van den Broecke, Don Olson, Carlos O'Ryan, Christopher D. Gill, and other experts from the patterns field. Engineers and other professionals working in the field of communications software development will find this unique reference extremely useful.
Fundamentals of Digital Audio
Authors: Alan P. Kefauver
Venue:  (1998)

:In Fundamentals of Digital Audio, Alan P. Kefauver presents a systematic overview of the elements for digital recording and reproducing sound. With ideas grounded in the principles of acoustics, the author explores the essential issues involved in preserving, transferring, and modifying sound recordings in the digital domain. In addition to references on historic methods of sound reproduction, this book includes detailed information about the latest digital audio technology. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Causality in distributed systems
Authors: Reinhard Schwarz
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: Models and paradigms for distributed systems structuring (1992)

Understanding distributed computations and mastering their complexity strongly depends on our ability to observe and to analyze their causal structure. In this paper, we briefly introduce the notion of causality in distributed, asynchronous systems, and demonstrate the importance of this concept by analyzing its impact on the problem of global predicate detection.
A method for describing information required by the database design process
Authors: Beverly K. Kahn
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (1976)

Current research in the area of database design has been directed towards the development of structured or automated database design techniques. The first phase of the database design process, information requirements specification and analysis, is unfortunately ignored. The lack of concern for whether or not the input to the design techniques can be collected in the real world and for wheather or not the input is an adequate and complete representation can only result in an inadequate and possible useless database design.Most database models and design techniques utilize only process-oriented information. Other techniques utilize non process-oriented information whose foundation may not be clearly identifiable. The use of only process-oriented information may result in a narrowly defined unimaginative database design which may be unresponsive to the changing needs of the organization. To overcome the shortcomings of this traditional approach, it is necessary to complement it with an additional approach.This can be accomplished in three steps. First, the description and use of the information required for the database design process must be clearly stated. Second, two independent perspectives for viewing the required information must be considered: the information structure perspective and the usage perspective. The information perspective depicts the natural characteristics of data, inherent groupings and relationships. This perspective is not bound to existing or future applications; hence it is a more general and flexible view of information than one which is process oriented. The usage perspective describes how data items are utilized by the system in order to accomplish its processing requirements. Third, a vehicle for aiding the specification itegration of these two independent perspectives must be considered.
FreeDrawer: a free-form sketching system on the responsive workbench
Authors: Gerold Wesche, Hans-Peter Seidel
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2001)

A sketching system for spline-based free-form surfaces on the Responsive Workbench is presented. We propose 3D tools for curve drawing and deformation techniques for curves and surfaces, adapted to the needs of designers. The user directly draws curves in the virtual environment, using a tracked stylus as an input device. A curve network can be formed, describing the skeleton of a virtual model. The non-dominant hand positions and orients the model while the dominant hand uses the editing tools. The curves and the resulting skinning surfaces can interactively be deformed.