ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Formal Specification of an Asynchronous Processor via Action Refinement
Authors: Xiuli Sun, Jinzhao Wu, Xiaoyu Song, Mila Majster-Cederbaum
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Microprocessor Test and Verification (2004)

With the purpose of providing a formal specification of pipelines, a central problem in asynchronous hardware design, we show how action refinement can be used to develop asynchronous pipelined microprocessors, where each functional unit of the processor is stepwise obtained, leading to a structured and modular design. Furthermore, the handling of hazard situations is realized during the refinement procedures.
A Virtual MAC Address Scheme for Mobile Ethernet
Authors: Yoshia Saito, Masahiro Kuroda, Tadanori Mizuno
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2005)

Heterogeneous wireless access is being integrated into IP networks to support future wireless systems. The enhanced IP technologies being developed must address both handover issues related to mobility management and security issues related to wireless access. We previously proposed a network architecture, Mobile Ethernet, based on wide area Ethernet technologies, that reduces overhead involving handover by managing mobility in the IEEE802 MAC layer. We also proposed a virtual MAC address scheme that introduces a host identifier into layer 2 to accommodate heterogeneous wireless access, manage handover between wireless accesses, provide scalability, and ensure security. In this paper, we design the virtual MAC address scheme for Mobile Ethernet and describe the sequence diagrams of the scheme. We also clarify the effect of our proposed scheme from the viewpoint of scalability by comparing the simulated signaling traffic load at handover with that using FMIPv6.
Bridging the Macro and Micro: A Computing Intensive Earthquake Study Using Discovery Net
Authors: Y. Guo, J. G. Liu, M. Ghanem, K. Mish, V. Curcin, C. Haselwimmer, D. Sotiriou, K. K. Muraleetharan, L. Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2005)

We present the development and use of a novel distributed geohazard modeling environment for the analysis and interpretation of large scale earthquake data sets. Our work demonstrates, for the first time, how earthquake-related surface deformation measured from satellite images using imageodesy algorithms is coupled with analysis and simulation using finite-element numerical models. Our work realises a real time distributed analytical environment where analysis and simulation are closely coupled; integrating high performance implementations of image mining components executing on dedicated Discovery Net servers at Imperial College London, UK and high performance implementations of finiteelement models executing at specialised servers at the University of Oklahoma, USA. Novel scientific results produced using our data sets provide a valuable insight into earthquake analysis. In addition, our informatics work provides a novel high performance computing framework and methods for the application of complex knowledge discovery methods to understanding earthquake dynamics. Furthermore, the realisation of our distributed computing platform is based on the implementation of a set of open standards, making its results accessible over the Grid to the wider scientific community.
Refactoring the Aspectizable Interfaces: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Paolo Tonella, Mariano Ceccato
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2005)

Aspect Oriented Programming aims at addressing the problem of the crosscutting concerns, i.e., those functionalities that are scattered among several modules in a given system. Aspects can be defined to modularize such concerns. In this work, we focus on a specific kind of crosscutting concerns, the scattered implementation of methods declared by interfaces that do not belong to the principal decomposition. We call such interfaces aspectizable. All the aspectizable interfaces identified within a large number of classes from the Java Standard Library and from three Java applications have been automatically migrated to aspects. To assess the effects of the migration on the internal and external quality attributes of these systems, we collected a set of metrics and we conducted an empirical study, in which some maintenance tasks were executed on the two alternative versions (with and without aspects) of the same system. In this paper, we report the results of such a comparison.
Cooperative systems of physical objects
Authors: Hans Gellersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies (2005)

Notions of 'smart objects' often conjure up images of everyday items that begin to have a fantastic life of their own. In contrast, physical objects that are beginning to be integrated and deployed in computational infrastructures typically have little or no autonomy as computing objects. They reside at the periphery of such systems, and may be able to locally interact through sensors and actuators while being reliant on backend infrastructure to process what is observed and to decide what is actuated. In this talk we consider systems of physical objects that are more autonomous and independent of infrastructure but no less focussed on practical deployment and application. The systems we think of are decentralized (all computing embedded in the physical objects), highly contextualized (physical objects have a priori meaning and affordance), and variable in configuration (resulting from physical use and movement of objects). The individual objects in such systems are naturally limited in the extent to which they can interact with the world: how they are manipulated and configured is dependent on what they physically afford and support, and what they sense and affect is inherently local. The general challenge we explore is how physical objects can form cooperative systems capable of richer interactions with their environment. The specific challenges we consider include how objects can cooperate to model activity and assess situations in their environment, how objects can establish their spatial configuration through cooperative sensing, and how we may build interfaces that exploit ad hoc composition of physical interface components.
A Low Power 1.8 V 4-Bit 400-MHz Flash ADC in 0.18í Digital CMOS
Authors: Subhadeep Banik, Daibashish Gangopadhyay, T. K. Bhattacharyya
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design (2006)

This paper is devoted to the design and implementation of high speed, low power, low voltage flash analog-to-digitalconvertors (ADC). A 4-bit flash ADC, with a maximum acquisition speed of 400 MHz, is implemented in a 1.8 V analog supply voltage. The large input signal dynamic range is handled using a fast switching common mode jump circuit, implemented with complementary pass transistors, which eliminates the need for high input-common-mode-range (ICMR) preamplifier based comparators. The measured INL/DNL is 0.4/1.1 LSB. The Signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) obtained at 12.5 MHz input is 21.25 dB. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is 27.6 dB and power consumption is only 30 mW. Design and simulations results are presented in dual-poly 0.18µ pure digital CMOS technology.
Overcoming the Traceability Benefit Problem
Authors: Paul Arkley, Steve Riddle
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (2005)

To modify complex computer-based systems requires a detailed understanding of their functionality. Requirements Traceability can help the engineer to gain that understanding, but several surveys have observed that traceability information is poorly recorded. We argue that the cause is the lack of direct perceived benefit to the main development process. As a consequence traceability information will be incomplete, inaccurate and out-of-date. We propose a method of recording traceability information, a Traceable Development Contract (TDC), as a means of reducing this problem by tackling the issue of an upstream functional development team imposing changes on a downstream development team. The contract makes the recording of traceability information beneficial to both development teams.
Develop once deploy anywhere achieving adaptivity with a runtime linker/loader framework
Authors: Joy Mukherjee, Srinidhi Varadarajan
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Reflective and adaptive middleware systems (2005)

This paper presents Load and Let Link -- a framework for flexible runtime loading and linking of procedural native code components. LLL has several novel aspects. First, it provides componentization without requiring an object-oriented language. Second, LLL performs linking at runtime, providing arbitrary code expansion, contraction and substitution. This enables (a) adaptive applications that can rewire themselves in response to dynamic conditions, (b) code patching for mission critical systems and (c) automatic overlaying in memory constrained environments. LLL is language neutral and orthogonal to current software development methodologies, thus providing the substrate for the next generation of develop once deploy anywhere software. In this paper, we present the LLL framework, its implementation on 32 bit x86 architectures and two case studies that showcase the capabilities of the framework.
How Developers Drive Software Evolution
Authors: Tudor Girba, Adrian Kuhn, Mauricio Seeberger, Stéphane Ducasse
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2005)

As systems evolve their structure change in ways not expected upfront. As time goes by, the knowledge of the developers becomes more and more critical for the process of understanding the system. That is, when we want to understand a certain issue of the system we ask the knowledgeable developers. Yet, in large systems, not every developer is knowledgeable in all the details of the system. Thus, we would want to know which developer is knowledgeable in the issue at hand. In this paper we make use of the mapping between the changes and the author identifiers (e.g., user names) provided by versioning repositories. We first define a measurement for the notion of code ownership. We use this measurement to define the Ownership Map visualization to understand when and how different developers interacted in which way and in which part of the system1. We report the results we obtained on several large systems.
Man in |e|space.mov / motion analysis in 3D space
Authors: Wolf Ka
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

The article documents the theoretical and aesthetical basis of the interactive dance performance "man in |e|space.mov". The text discusses the abstraction of the human body in this performance by an interactive costume of light whose motion is analyzed by a 3D motion-rendering programme, which assembles and recombines the captured frame in real time in electronic 3D space. Thus appears a juxtaposition of 3 visions on the body making up the representation: the eye of the spectator, the camera and the 3D camera view: 3 visions constituting the contemporary body. Furthermore, the text questions the dislocation of the sensual body in physical space to the reading of body as a data in the matrix of virtual space in performing arts.In order to investigate the meaning of the aesthetics of abstraction, and dislocation of human body in performance art and motion analysis, the article puts 'man in |e|space.mov' in perspective to historical references of the 20th century, in particular to the work of the physiologist and pioneer of cinema J. E. Marey and the Bauhaus artist O. Schlemmer.
Context Based Preferences with Mobile Electronic Personality
Authors: Pekka Jappinen
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

The preferences of people depend on different contexts from location to current role. Therefore the context has to be taken into account when service is personalised. In this paper Mobile Electronic Personality (ME) is enhanced so that the context is taken into account before personal information is sent to service.
Performance Analysis of Texture Classification Techniques Using MRMRF and WSFS & WCFS
Authors: S. Arivazhagan, L. Ganesan
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (2005)

Texture analysis plays an important role in many tasks, ranging from remote sensing to medical imaging and query by content in large image data bases. The main difficulty of texture analysis in the past was the lack of adequate tools to characterize different scales of textures effectively. The development in multi-resolution analysis such as Gabor and wavelet transform help to overcome this difficulty. This paper analyses the performance of texture classification techniques using (i) Multi Resolution Markov Random Field (MRMRF) features and (ii) a combination of Wavelet Statistical Features (WSFs) and Wavelet Co-occurrence Features (WCFs) with two different texture datasets.
Development of a System which Arranges and Presents the Optimal Contents with RFID Tags for a Super-Kamiokande Field Study Tour
Authors: Takeharu Ishizuka, Tatsuya Horita, Jun Takahashi, Hiroyuki Muramatsu, Yusuke Koshio
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (2005)

The opportunity for visiting science research institutions as part of the learning experience in elementary, junior high and high schools has been increasing in recent years. Although the requests for field study trips to science research institutions are becoming stronger, the research institutions are not social educational facilities but to do the latest science study. However, as the exhibits are related with the latest science research, students' understanding through the field study tour will depend on the knowledge they have already learned and their interest. Then, it would be important to make students' knowledge even to some extent before going to researchers' guiding tour. In this study, RFCode Spider IIIA, an active type RFID, Radio Frequency IDentification, tag system, was used to identify for many students at a place.
Emerging threats
Authors: Brian Hernacki
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Rapid malcode (2005)

Information technology evolves. Every year brings new tools, new abilities, and new opportunities. Unfortunately as exciting and promising as these changes are, they bring with them new risks. This presentation considers some of the recent changes in information technology and how they will affect security issues. It will examine changes in technology, attack trends and even the attackers themselves. The presentation is not intended to suggest any specific course of action, but rather to provide an understanding of these issues and motivate additional discussion and interest. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Constructing Area Voronoi Diagram in Document Images
Authors: Yue Lu, Chew Lim Tan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Voronoi diagram of image elements provides an intuitive and appealing definition of proximity, which has been suggested as an effective tool for the description of relations among the neighboring objects in a digital image. In this paper, a fast implementation algorithm is proposed for generating area Voronoi diagram of connected components in document images. A closed convex polygon is utilized to bound each connected component, and the contour is represented using Freeman chain coding, from which we can compute the corresponding Freeman chain coding of its expanded contour directly, without recourse to the operation on pixels. While the contours iteratively expand outwards, the Voronoi diagram is constructed by the intersections of the expanded contours from different connected components. The experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly improves the speed of constructing area Voronoi diagram.
Improving Cascading Classifiers with Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Luiz S. Oliveira, Alceu S. Jr. Britto, Robert Sabourin
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

This paper addresses the issue of class-related reject thresholds for cascading classifier systems. It has been demonstrated in the literature that class-related reject thresholds provide an error-reject trade-off better than a single global threshold. In this work we argue that the error-reject trade-off yielded by class-related reject thresholds can be further improved if a proper algorithm is used to find the thresholds. In light of this, we propose using a recently developed optimization algorithm called Particle Swarm Optimization. It has been proved to be very effective in solving real valued global optimization problems. In order to show the benefits of such an algorithm, we have applied it to optimize the thresholds of a cascading classifier system devoted to recognize handwritten digits.
A New Moments based Skew Estimation Technique using Pixels in the Word for Binary Document Images
Authors: P. Shivakumara, G. Hemantha Kumar, H. S. Varsha, S. Rekha, M. R. Rashmi Nayaka
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Accurate skew angle estimation is an essential component in document analysis system to enhance the performance of the optical character recognition (OCR). In this paper, a new and efficient moments based method to estimate skew angle of a pixels in the word in the scanned document image is proposed. The proposed technique has two stages. In the first stage, using boundary-growing method, pixels in the words of skewed text are extracted. The pixels in the words extracted are given as input to moments based method. It results in a skew angle in the second stage. Extensive experiments have been conducted on various types of documents such as documents containing different languages and different fonts to reveal the robustness of the proposed method. Comparative studies with the well-known methods are presented to show that the proposed method is superior in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
XQBE: A Graphical Environment to Query XML Data
Authors: Daniele Braga, Alessandro Campi
Venue: World Wide Web (2005)

XQuery, the standard query language for XML, is increasingly popular among computer scientists with SQL background, since XQuery and SQL require comparable skills. However, these experts are limited in number, and the availability of easier XQuery "dialects" could be extremely valuable. With this motivation in mind, we designed XQBE, a visual dialect of XQuery inspired by the QBE language (Query by Example). Coherent with the hierarchical nature of XML, XQBE uses one or more hierarchical structures to denote the input documents and one structure to denote the document produced in output. These structures are annotated to express selection predicates; explicit binding edges connecting the nodes of these structures visualize the input/output mappings. This paper presents XQBE through several examples and describes the main features of our implementation of the language, a visual editor coupled with an XQBE-to-XQuery translator. Indeed, the XQBE front-end is a general purpose user-friendly visual query interface, capable of providing access to any data storage system that exposes XQuery APIs. Available schema information can be exploited to guide users in querying data sets they are not familiar with. Also, switching between the visual and textual versions of the same query could be helpful for XQuery learners.
Automatically and accurately conflating road vector data, street maps and orthoimagery
Authors: Cyrus Shahabi, Craig Knoblock
Venue:  (2005)

Recent growth of the geospatial information on the web has made it possible to access various spatial data. By integrating diverse spatial datasets, one can support the queries that could have not been answered given any of these sets in isolation. However, accurately integrating different geospatial data remains a challenging task because diverse geospatial data may have different projections and different accuracy levels. Most of the existing conflation algorithms only handle vector-vector data integration or require human intervention to accomplish vector-raster or raster-raster data integration. In this dissertation, I propose an approach, named AMS-Conflation, that achieves automatic geospatial data integration by exploiting multiple sources of geospatial information. In particular, I focus on vector-imagery and map-imagery conflation. For vector-imagery conflation, I describe techniques to automatically generate control points by exploiting the information from the road vectors to perform localized image processing on the imagery. I also evaluate various filtering algorithms to eliminate inaccurate control point pairs. Based on the experimental results, these techniques automatically align the roads to orthoimagery, such that in one of my experiments, 85% of the conflated roads are within 4.5 m from the real road axes compared to 55% for the original roads for partial areas in St. Louis, MO. For map-imagery conflation, my approach can take a map of unknown coordinates and automatically align it with an image. My approach first aligns road vectors with imagery using vector-imagery conflation techniques to generate control points on the imagery. For the maps, my approach utilizes image processing techniques to detect intersections. Furthermore, I present an algorithm (called GeoPPM) to compute the matched point pattern from the two point sets. The experimental results show that GeoPPM only misidentified one point pattern from the fifty tested maps. The experimental results also show that my approach can align a set of TIGER maps with imagery for an area in St. Louis, MO, such that 85.2% of the conflated map roads are within 10.8 m from the real road axes compared to 51.7% for the original and geo-referenced TIGER map roads.
A Resource Price-adjusting Mechanism for Supply and Demand Balance in Grid Computing
Authors: Lulai Yuan, Guosun Zeng, Xiongwei Mao
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (2005)

By leveraging economic principles, we present the conception about the supply and demand balance of Grid resources, and propose a price-adjusting mechanism. The mechanism focuses on adjusting the unreasonable prices of both isolated resources and dependent resources, so as to achieve equilibrium prices and promote the global balance of the supply and demand.
A Hybrid Approach for Dynamic Business Process Mining Based On Reconfigurable Nets and Event Types
Authors: Ning Li, Jianchu Kang, Weifeng Lv
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Process mining aims at extracting business process information from event log generated by Business Process Management Systems to analyze operational performance. It can be an interesting tool for actually measuring the alignment of business process. In this paper, the process mining for dynamic business is discussed. Among different instances of the same dynamic business process, there are often some structural and dynamic changes. A hybrid process mining approach to dynamic business process is proposed. The approach is based on Reconfigurable Net and event types. Reconfigurable Net is used for modeling dynamic changes and two event types (Start, Over) are defined for mining algorithm. The method presented in this paper gives a method of mining dynamic changes in different instances and finally generate a Reconfigurable Workflow Net.