ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Computerized molecular modeling as a collaborative learning environment
Authors: Yehudit J. Dori, Miri Barak
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

Interpretation of symbols, as well as understanding the particulate nature of matter and spatial structures are essential skills students need for solving problems in organic chemistry. However, model perception and understanding the spatial structure of organic molecules has been a source of difficulty for many chemistry students. A computerized molecular modeling (CMM)-based collaborative learning environment has been shown to be an effective means to overcome certain learning difficulties in chemistry.This research investigated the effect of using different types of models while teaching organic chemistry on student understanding of new concepts and the spatial structure of new molecules, as well as preference of a particular model type. We employed a teaching method that combines physical (plastic) and virtual (computerized) three-dimensional molecular models in both collaborative and individual learning setting on 276 students from nine high schools in Israel.Research tools included a designated learning unit, software and database for computerized molecular modeling, and pre-and post-course questionnaires on organic compounds and models.Experimental group students understood the model concept better and were more capable of applying transformation from one-dimensional to two- or three-dimensional molecular representations and vice versa. Based on these results, we recommend incorporating both virtual and physical models in chemistry teaching/learning as a means to foster spatial understanding of molecular structure.
Image Watermarking Resisting to Geometrical Attacks Based on Histogram
Authors: Zheng Fang, Yao Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

At present, most image watermarking scheme can not resist geometrical attacks, which restricts the application of digital watermarking techniques. In this paper, an image watermarking scheme based on histogram is proposed, since the histogram is not sensitive to geometrical transformation. Different groups of the image histogram bars are chosen, and the message is embedded to sum of every group by using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). In watermark embedding scheme, an exact modification from histogram to image is proposed, and it can guarantee the distortion of image as little as possible. In watermark detection process, the same groups of image histogram bars are selected, and the message is extracted from the sum of each group by using nearest distance rule. Experimental results show the scheme is robust to geometrical attacks as well as compression and filtering.
Does Prosopagnosia Take the Eyes Out of Face Representations? Evidence for a Defect in Representing Diagnostic Facial Information following Brain Damage
Authors: Roberto Caldara, Philippe Schyns, Eugène Mayer, Marie L. Smith, Frédéric Gosselin, Bruno Rossion
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

One of the most impressive disorders following brain damage to the ventral occipitotemporal cortex is prosopagnosia, or the inability to recognize faces. Although acquired prosopagnosia with preserved general visual and memory functions is rare, several cases have been described in the neuropsychological literature and studied at the functional and neural level over the last decades. Here we tested a brain-damaged patient (PS) presenting a deficit restricted to the category of faces to clarify the nature of the missing and preserved components of the face processing system when it is selectively damaged. Following learning to identify 10 neutral and happy faces through extensive training, we investigated patient PS's recognition of faces using Bubbles, a response classification technique that sampled facial information across the faces in different bandwidths of spatial frequencies [Gosselin, F., & Schyns, P. E., Bubbles: A technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Research, 41, 2261&ndash;2271, 2001]. Although PS gradually used less information (i.e., the number of bubbles) to identify faces over testing, the total information required was much larger than for normal controls and decreased less steeply with practice. Most importantly, the facial information used to identify individual faces differed between PS and controls. Specifically, in marked contrast to controls, PS did not use the optimal eye information to identify familiar faces, but instead the lower part of the face, including the mouth and the external contours, as normal observers typically do when processing unfamiliar faces. Together, the findings reported here suggest that damage to the face processing system is characterized by an inability to use the information that is optimal to judge identity, focusing instead on suboptimal information.
Reputation-Based Scheduling on Unreliable Distributed Infrastructures
Authors: Jason Sonnek, Mukesh Nathan, Abhishek Chandra, Jon Weissman
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

This paper presents a design and analysis of scheduling techniques to cope with the inherent unreliability and instability of worker nodes in large-scale donation-based distributed infrastructures such as P2P and Grid systems. In particular, we focus on nodes that execute tasks via donated computational resources and may behave erratically or maliciously. We present a model in which reliability is not a binary property but a statistical one based on a node's prior performance and behavior. We use this model to construct several reputation-based scheduling algorithms that employ estimated reliability ratings of worker nodes for efficient task allocation. Through simulation of a BOINC-like distributed computing infrastructure, we demonstrate that our algorithms can significantly improve throughput, while maintaining a very high success rate of task completion.
Educators' Symposium Overview
Authors: Joseph Chao
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

The Educators' Symposium brings educators from both academia and industry together to share their ideas, experiences and techniques in teaching agile methods. The objective is to provide a collaborative venue with various activities to facilitate exchanges. The Symposium this year will be a full-day event including a keynote, paper presentations, a workshop, and a panel discussion.
Testing Usability of Multimodal Applications with Visually Impaired Children
Authors: Roope Raisamo, Arto Hippula, Saija Patomaki, Eva Tuominen, Virpi Pasto, Matias Hasu
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

Testing multimodal applications with visually impaired children requires specific testing methods andprocedures. In this article, we used a SensAble Phantom device to produce haptic feedback together withstereo sound and visual feedback. We also experimented with low-cost haptic devices, such as force-feedbackgame controllers and tactile-feedback devices. Here we discuss how to conduct usability testing for multimodal applications with visually impaired children.
An Empirical Study on the Likelihood of Adoption in Practice of a Size Measurement Procedure for Requirements Specification
Authors: Nelly Condori-Fernandez, Oscar Pastor
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Software size is one of the essential parameters of the estimation models used for project management purposes, and therefore being able to measure the size of software at an early stage of the development lifecycle is in theory of crucial importance. However, although some proposals for functional size measurement in industry do currently exist, there is as yet little validating evidence for such proposals. This paper describes an empirical study, based on the Method Evaluation Model (MEM), of users' perceptions resulting from actual experience of use of a measurement procedure called RmFFP. This procedure was designed in accordance with the COSMIC-FFP standard method for estimating the functional size of object-oriented systems from requirements specifications obtained in the context of the OO-Method approach. In addition, an analysis of MEM relationships was also carried out using the regression analysis technique.
A Common Ontology-Based Intelligent Configuration Management Model for IP Network Devices
Authors: Hui Xu, Debao Xiao
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

As the Internet continues to grow, the tasks of configuration management for IP network devices are becoming more and more difficult. Over the past few years, much effort has been given to improve the deficiency of SNMP in the configuration management scope, but only few have succeeded to be standardized, the famous one of which is Netconf, developed by the IETF. Even the Netconf is still far from its aim to implement the automation of the network configuration. These days, ontology has become a promising technology and it seems that it may be used in the intelligent configuration management scope. This paper first discusses the application of ontology and three related languages (including OWL, SWRL and OWL-S) to intelligentize configuration management. A common ontology-based intelligent configuration management model for IP network devices is then presented in the paper. To check the feasibility of this model, the paper also provides a possible scenario.
The Smoke Detection for Early Fire-Alarming System Base on Video Processing
Authors: Thou-Ho (Chao-Ho) Chen, Yen-Hui Yin, Shi-Feng Huang, Yan-Ting Ye
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

The paper presents an smoke-detection method for early fire-alarming system based on video processing. The basic strategy of smoke-pixel judgment is composed of two decision rules: a chromaticity-based static decision rule and a diffusion-based dynamic characteristic decision rule. The chromatic decision rule is deduced by grayish color of smoke and dynamic decision rule is dependent on the spreading attributes of smoke. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide an early alarm at a lower false alarm rate before the fire burns up, and hence is very attractive for the important military, social security, commercial applications, and so on.
SemPub: An Ontology Based Semantic Literature Retrieval System
Authors: Raja Loganantharaj, Vardarajan Badri Narayan
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

The World Wide Web has grown exponentially and has become the most pervasive source of information in the last few years. Since most of this information is scattered and heterogeneous in nature, efficient and accurate retrieval of literature on the web is a challenging area of research. Most of the time the users are not aware of what they are looking for or they have an abstract view of what they want. Modern search engines help them narrow their search but are not sophisticated enough to understand their needs. The Semantic Web is a vision of next generation World Wide Web where the information is defined with an explicit meaning, which machines can understand, process and integrate without human intervention. SemPub centers on semantic retrieval and user customization. In semantic search, we search for terms in a concept space (a graph of terms occurring in documents linked to each other by the frequency and relationships between them and with which they occur together). Hence by reducing the high dimensional and complex object space into a more manageable automatically-generated, meaningful concept space, customized retrieval and information routing is made easy.
3-D Shape Reconstruction of Retinal Fundus
Authors: Tae Eun Choe, Isaac Cohen, Gerard Medioni
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

We present a method for 3-D shape reconstruction of retinal fundus from fluorescein images. Our method extracts the location of vessels' bifurcation as a reliable feature for estimating the epipolar geometry using a plane-and-parallax approach. The proposed solution robustly estimates the fundamental matrix for nearly planar surfaces, such as the retinal fundus. We propose the use of mutual information criteria for accurate estimation of the disparity maps, where the matched Y-features are used for automatically estimating the bounds of the disparities range space. Our experimental results validate the proposed method on sets of difficult fluorescein image pairs.
Using NEXUS compliant debuggers for real time fault injection on microprocessors
Authors: André Fidalgo, Manuel Gericota, Gustavo Alves, José Ferreira
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design (2006)

As electronic devices get smaller and more complex, dependability assurance is becoming fundamental for many mission critical computer based systems. This paper presents a case study on the possibility of using the on-chip debug infrastructures present in most current microprocessors to execute real time fault injection campaigns. The proposed methodology is based on a debugger customized for fault injection and designed for maximum flexibility, and consists of injecting bit-flip type faults on memory elements without modifying or halting the target application. The debugger design is easily portable and applicable to different architectures, providing a flexible and efficient mechanism for verifying and validating fault tolerant components.
High Scalable and Available Server Environment Based on Virtual Machine
Authors: Bin Chen, Nong Xiao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

This paper introduces a novel approach to achieve high scalability and availability in a server environment based on operating system level Virtual Machine (VM). The main idea of this approach is using VM technology and Maximum Amount and Most Available Service Capacity Finding (MA2SCF) algorithm designed by us to achieve Service Capacity Sharing (SCS) for overloading relaxation and fault management in a server environment. And we have implemented a prototype system including two software components VMMaster and VMAgent to interact with the server environment and VMs, and to automatically manage the SCS process. The current implementation has been tested in Linux Virtual Server environment (LVS) and the approach itself can be applied to a more general server environment, and even a distributed or grid environment which are our ongoing work. The experiment we present in this paper proves the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
An Exciting Time in Engineering
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2006)

An interview with Hans Stork, Chief Technology Officer of Texas Instruments. Ken Wagner, the IEEE Design & Test interviews editor, speaks to TI's Hans Stork during the 2006 Design Automation Conference. In this in-depth interview, Stork tells us about his career path; his mentors; and TI's approach to technology, from process development to R&D to innovation.
Dynamic pretenuring schemes for generational garbage collection
Authors: Wei huang, W. Srisa-an, J. M. Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2004)

Previous research efforts have shown that pretenuring can potentially reduce the copying cost by creating long lived objects into the mature memory regions directly. To date, researchers often employ profiling and static analysis to accurately select the objects that should be pretenured. However, little research efforts have been spent on dynamic approaches for pretenuring objects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that dynamically predicts object lifespan to assist with pretenuring selection. The proposed scheme performs dynamic pretenuring selection based on a feedback mechanism that records lifespan of objects from each class during garbage collection invocations. This information is then used to pretenure objects in subsequent allocation requests. We experiment with two approaches, jumpstart feedback and continuous feedback, to collect tenuring information. The experimental results of selected benchmark programs show that our schemes can improve the garbage collection time of IBM's Jikes RVM by up to 37%, and improve the overall execution time by up to 28%.
Multi-site cooperative data stream analysis
Authors: Fred Douglis, Michael Branson, Kirsten Hildrum, Bin Rong, Fan Ye
Venue: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (2006)

System S is a large-scale distributed streaming data analysis environment. Ultimately, we envision that there will be multiple sites running the System S software, each with their own administration and goals. However, cooperation between these sites can frequently be of mutual benefit. We are designing the framework to support numerous sites that can work both independently and in cooperative fashions, with a variety of interaction models such as peer-to-peer or federated. Depending on the degree of site autonomy and the relationships between any given pair of sites, the sites would be able to share data, perform processing on behalf of one another, or even take over tasks of a failed site. Interoperability is complicated by the degree of site autonomy as well as differences in execution environments and security policies. This paper surveys System S, describes its models for site interoperability, and discusses particular design issues such as site failover and heterogeneity.
A wavelet-based piecewise approach for steady-state analysis of power electronics circuits: Research Articles
Authors: K. C. Tam, S. C. Wong, C. K. Tse
Venue: International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications (2006)

Simulation of steady-state waveforms is important to the design of power electronics circuits, as it reveals the maximum voltage and current stresses being imposed upon specific devices and components. This paper proposes an improved approach to finding steady-state waveforms of power electronics circuits based on wavelet approximation. The proposed method exploits the time-domain piecewise property of power electronics circuits in order to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency. Instead of applying one wavelet approximation to the whole period, several wavelet approximations are applied in a piecewise manner to fit the entire waveform. This wavelet-based piecewise approximation approach can provide very accurate and efficient solution, with much less number of wavelet terms, for approximating steady-state waveforms of power electronics circuits. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient Activity in the Human Calcarine Cortex During Visual-Mental Imagery: An Event-Related fMRI Study
Authors: Isabelle Klein, Anne-Lise Paradis, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Denis Le Bihan
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

Although it is largely accepted that visual-mental imagery and perception draw on many of the same neural structures, the existence and nature of neural processing in the primary visual cortex (or area V1) during visual imagery remains controversial. We tested two general hypotheses: The first was that V1 is activated only when images with many details are formed and used, and the second was that V1 is activated whenever images are formed, even if they are not necessarily used to perform a task. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) to detect and characterize the activity in the calcarine sulcus (which contains the primary visual cortex) during single instances of mental imagery. The results revealed reproducible transient activity in this area whenever participants generated or evaluated a mental image. This transient activity was strongly enhanced when participants evaluated characteristics of objects, whether or not details actually needed to be extracted from the image to perform the task. These results show that visual imagery processing commonly involves the earliest stages of the visual system.
Building Reusable Testing Assets for a Software Product Line
Authors: John D. McGregor
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International on Software Product Line Conference (2006)

Testing consumes a significant percentage of the resources required to produce software intensive products. The exact impact on the project is often hard to evaluate because testing activities are distributed over the entire scope of the development effort. In this tutorial we take a comprehensive end-to-end view of the testing activities and roles that should be present in a software product line organization.
Impact of Dynamics on Subspace Embedding and Tracking of Sequences
Authors: Kooksang Moon, Vladimir Pavlovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

In this paper we study the role of dynamics in dimensionality reduction problems applied to sequences. We propose a new family of marginal auto-regressive (MAR) models that describe the space of all stable auto-regressive sequences, regardless of their specific dynamics. We apply the MAR class of models as sequence priors in probabilistic sequence subspace embedding problems. In particular, we consider a Gaussian process latent variable approach to dimensionality reduction and show that the use of MAR priors may lead to better estimates of sequence subspaces than the ones obtained by traditional non-sequential priors. We then propose a learning method for estimating nonlinear dynamic system (NDS) models that utilizes the new MAR priors. The utility of the proposed methods is demonstrated on several synthetic datasets as well as on the task of tracking 3D articulated figures in monocular image sequences.
Behavioral anticipation in agent simulation
Authors: Tuncer I. Ören, Levent Yilmaz
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

In this article, the following is done: (1) a systematic and comprehensive classification of input is given and the relevance of perception as an important type of input in intelligent systems is pointed out, (2) a categorization of perception is given and anticipation is presented as a type of perception, (3) the inclusion of anticipation in simulation studies is clarified and other aspects of perceptions in simulation studies especially in conflict situations are elaborated.
Networked Experiments and Scientific Resource Sharing in Cooperative Knowledge Spaces
Authors: Sabine Cikic, Sabina Jeschke, Thomas Richter, Uwe Sinha, Christian Thomsen
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2006)

Cooperative knowledge spaces create new potentials for the experimental fields in natural sciences and engineering because they enhance the accessibility of experimental setups through virtual laboratories and remote technology, opening them for collaborative and distributed usage. A concept for extending existing virtual knowledge spaces for the means of the technological disciplines (ViCToR-Spaces- Virtual Cooperation in Teaching and Research for Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Engineering) is presented. The integration of networked virtual laboratories and remote experiments (NanoLab Approach), as well as an approach to community-driven content sharing and content development within virtual knowledge spaces (NanoWiki) are described.