ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based user interface design
Authors: William Mark
Venue: Human-computer interaction (1985)

A key problem in user interface design is delivering the design model on which a program is based in terms of the running software that users actually have to deal with. This article presents a methodology for helping programmers to explicitly state a design model and link it to the actual functions and data of the programs. Terms in the model are defined according to their relationship to a set of prebuilt abstract categories. The model so defined forms an explicit conceptual framework that enforces the consistency of the programmers' design, and provides the basis of user understanding of the program. Because the model is linked to actual program software, the connection of user understanding to the running code - the real user interface - is thus defined in terms of the explicit model. The methodology is presented in terms of techniques implemented in the Consul system, a knowledge-based environment for the design of integrated office automation software.
Automatic image pixel clustering with an improved differential evolution
Authors: Swagatam Das, Amit Konar
Venue: Applied Soft Computing (2009)

This article proposes an evolutionary-fuzzy clustering algorithm for automatically grouping the pixels of an image into different homogeneous regions. The algorithm does not require a prior knowledge of the number of clusters. The fuzzy clustering task in the intensity space of an image is formulated as an optimization problem. An improved variant of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm has been used to determine the number of naturally occurring clusters in the image as well as to refine the cluster centers. We report extensive performance comparison among the new method, a recently developed genetic-fuzzy clustering technique and the classical fuzzy c-means algorithm over a test suite comprising ordinary grayscale images and remote sensing satellite images. Such comparisons reveal, in a statistically meaningful way, the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of speed, accuracy and robustness.
Pre-Algebra, Student Edition, 1 edition
Authors: McGraw-Hill
Venue:  (2007)

THE PROGRAM STUDENTS NEED; THE FOCUS TEACHERS WANT! Glencoe Pre-Algebra is a key program in our vertically aligned high school mathematics series developed to help all students achieve a better understanding of mathematics and improve their mathematics scores on todays high-stakes assessments.
Inter-species normalization of gene mentions with GNAT
Authors: Jörg Hakenberg, Conrad Plake, Robert Leaman, Michael Schroeder, Graciela Gonzalez
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Motivation: Text mining in the biomedical domain aims at helping researchers to access information contained in scientific publications in a faster, easier and more complete way. One step towards this aim is the recognition of named entities and their subsequent normalization to database identifiers. Normalization helps to link objects of potential interest, such as genes, to detailed information not contained in a publication; it is also key for integrating different knowledge sources. From an information retrieval perspective, normalization facilitates indexing and querying. Gene mention normalization (GN) is particularly challenging given the high ambiguity of gene names: they refer to orthologous or entirely different genes, are named after phenotypes and other biomedical terms, or they resemble common English words. Results: We present the first publicly available system, GNAT, reported to handle inter-species GN. Our method uses extensive background knowledge on genes to resolve ambiguous names to EntrezGene identifiers. It performs comparably to single-species approaches proposed by us and others. On a benchmark set derived from BioCreative 1 and 2 data that contains genes from 13 species, GNAT achieves an F-measure of 81.4% (90.8% precision at 73.8% recall). For the single-species task, we report an F-measure of 85.4% on human genes. Availability: A web-frontend is available at http://cbioc.eas.asu.edu/gnat/. GNAT will also be available within the BioCreative MetaService project, see http://bcms.bioinfo.cnio.es. Contact: joerg.hakenberg@asu.edu Supplementary information: The test data set, lexica, and links to external data are available at http://cbioc.eas.asu.edu/gnat/
A tuning framework for software-managed memory hierarchies
Authors: Manman Ren, Ji Young Park, Mike Houston, Alex Aiken, William J. Dally
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques (2008)

Achieving good performance on a modern machine with a multi-level memory hierarchy, and in particular on a machine with software-managed memories, requires precise tuning of programs to the machine's particular characteristics. A large program on a multi-level machine can easily expose tens or hundreds of inter-dependent parameters which require tuning, and manually searching the resultant large, non-linear space of program parameters is a tedious process of trial-and-error. In this paper we present a general framework for automatically tuning general applications to machines with software-managed memory hierarchies. We evaluate our framework by measuring the performance of benchmarks that are tuned for a range of machines with different memory hierarchy configurations: a cluster of Intel P4 Xeon processors, a single Cell processor, and a cluster of Sony Playstation3's.
Near-infrared discrimination of leafless saltcedar in wintertime Landsat TM
Authors: D. P. Groeneveld, R. P. Watson
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

To test a hypothesis that leafless riparian canopies enable accurate multi-spectral discrimination of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) from other native species, winter Landsat TM5 data (16 November 2005) were analysed for a reach of the Arkansas River in Colorado, USA. Supporting spectroscopic analysis confirmed that saltcedar could not easily be discriminated from other riparian vegetation using TM5 data when in-leaf, but bare branches could be easily distinguished due to much lower reflectance than other riparian cover. Use of TM Band 4 (B4) allowed differentiation of wintertime saltcedar into four qualitative density classes judged from high-resolution low-oblique aerial photography: high (76%-100%), medium (51%-75%), low (16%-50%), and none (0%-15%). Spectral overlap was removed from the B4 saltcedar classification using TM Band 5 (B5) thresholds to eliminate low-reflectant wet areas and higher-reflectant multi-year darkened weed canopies. The accuracy of a classification algorithm that used B5 thresholds followed by a B4 density slice was judged against high-resolution aerial photography as providing 98% discrimination of saltcedar cover from other riparian cover and about 90% discrimination of the qualitative density classes. Applying this method to the 2835 km2 riparian corridor study area, 1298 km2 (45.78%) was identified as containing saltcedar, with over 43% having medium or greater density.
Mapping of coral reefs using hyperspectral CASI data; a case study: Fordata, Tanimbar, Indonesia
Authors: L. Bertels, T. Vanderstraete, S. Van Coillie, E. Knaeps, S. Sterckx, R. Goossens, B. Deronde
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

Airborne remote sensing with a CASI-550 sensor has been used to map the benthic coverage and the bottom topography of the Pulau Nukaha coral reef located in the Tanimbar Archipelago (Southeast Moluccas, Eastern Indonesia). The image classification method adopted was performed in three steps. Firstly, five geomorphological reef components were identified using a supervised spectral angle mapping algorithm in combination with data collected during the field survey, i.e. benthic cover type, percentage cover and depth. Secondly, benthic cover mapping was performed for each of the five geomorphological components separately using an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm followed by class aggregation using both spectral and spatial information. Finally, 16 benthic cover classes could be labelled using the benthic cover data collected during the field survey. The overall classification accuracy, calculated on the biological diverse fore reef, was 73% with a kappa coefficient of 0.63. A reliable bathymetric model (up to a depth of 15 m) of the Pulau Nukaha reef was also obtained using a semi-analytical radiative transfer model. When compared with independent in-situ depth measurements, the result proved relatively accurate (mean residual error: -0.9 m) and was consistent with the seabed topography (Pearson correlation coefficient: 86%).
A survey on wireless sensor networks deployment
Authors: Zoran Bojkovic, Bojan Bakmaz
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on COMMUNICATIONS (2008)

In recent years extensive research has opened challenging issues for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment. Among numerous challenges faced while designing architectures and protocols, maintaining connectivity and maximizing the network lifetime stand out as critical considerations. WSNs are formed by a large number of resource-constrained and inexpensive nodes, which has an impact on protocol design and network scalability. Sensor networks have enabled a range of applications where the objective is to observe an environment and collect information about the observed phenomena or events. This has lead to the emergence of a new generation sensor networks called sensor actuator networks. Approaches developed to query sensor-actuator networks (SANETs) are either application-specific or generic. Application-specific SANETs provide limited reusability, are net cost effective and may require extensive programming efforts to make the network able to serve new applications. A WSNs should be able to operate for long time with little or no external management. The sensor nodes must be able to configurate themselves in the presence of adverse situations. In this work, dealing with challenges for WSNs deployment, we start with mobility-based communication in WSNs. Then, we introduce service-oriented SANETs (SOSANETs) as an approach to build customizable SANETs. In the second part, we describe localization systems and analyze self configurability, situation awareness and intrusion detection system. In the third part, we present wireless distributed detection as well as a model for WSN simulation. Finally, conclusions and proposals for future research are given.
Fixing ally's growing pains with velocity modeling
Authors: Adam Bender, Rob Sherwood, Neil Spring
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement (2008)

Mapping the router topology is an important component of Internet measurement. Alias resolution, the process of mapping IP addresses to routers, is critical to accurate Internet mapping. Ally, a popular alias resolution tool, was developed to resolve aliases in individual ISPs, but its probabilistic accuracy and need to send O(n2) probes to infer aliases among n IP addresses make it unappealing for large-scale Internet mapping. In this paper, we present RadarGun, a tool that uses IP identifier velocity modeling to improve the accuracy and scalability of the Ally-based resolution technique. We provide analytical bounds on Ally's accuracy and validate our predicted aliases against Ally. Additionally, we show that velocity modeling requires only O(n) probes and thus scales to Internet-sized mapping efforts.
A dominance-based rough set approach to Kansei Engineering in product development
Authors: Lian-Yin Zhai, Li-Pheng Khoo, Zhao-Wei Zhong
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

Keen competitions in the global market have led product development to a more knowledge-intensive activity than ever, which requires not only tremendous expert knowledge but also effective analysis of design information. Kansei Engineering as a customer-oriented methodology for product development, often has to analyse imprecise design information inherent with nonlinearity and uncertainty. This paper proposes a systematic approach to Kansei Engineering based on the dominance-based rough set theory. Two novel concepts known as category score and partition quality have been developed and incorporated into the proposed approach. The new approach proposed is able to identify and analyse two types of inconsistencies caused by indiscernibility relations and dominance principles respectively. The result of an illustrative case study shows that the proposed approach can effectively extract Kansei knowledge from imprecise design information, and it can be easily integrated into an expert system for customer-oriented product development.
A MODIS assessment of the summer 2007 extent burned in Greece
Authors: Luigi Boschetti, David Roy, Paulo Barbosa, Roberto Boca, Chris Justice
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

Devastating fires affected Greece in the summer 2007, with the loss of more than 60 human lives, the destruction of more than 100 villages and hundreds of square kilometres of forest burned. This Letter presents a map of the extent burned and the approximate day of burning in Greece mapped by the MODIS burned area product for 22 June to 30 August 2007 and the burned areas mapped independently by the European Forest Fires Information Service (EFFIS). The characteristics of the two datasets, and an evaluation of the areas burned comparing the MODIS and EFFIS data for the same temporal interval are described.
Increasing level of correctness in correlation with and reliability level
Authors: Dan Mancas, Nicolae-Iulian Enescu, Ecaterina-Irina Manole
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Computers (2008)

The scope of our research is finding a correlation between the correctness indicator and the reliability indicator for software programs. For this, the correctness and reliability indicators will be calculated for a simple program, written in C programming language. The computations will be made for each program version obtained by correcting different error type found in the testing process. Will be observed there is a closed correlation between correctness and reliability in the way that for an increasing of the correctness level there will also be a significant increase of the reliability level.
spolTools
Authors: Chaka Tang, Josephine F. Reyes, Fabio Luciani, Andrew R. Francis, Mark M. Tanaka
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

spolTools is a collection of online programs designed to manipulate and analyze spoligotype datasets of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. These tools are integrated into a repository currently containing 1179 spoligotypes and 6278 isolates across 30 datasets. Users can search this database to export for external use or to pass on to the integrated tools. These tools include the computation of basic population genetic quantities, the visualization of clusters of spoligotype patterns based on an estimated evolutionary history and a procedure to predict emerging strains – genotypes associated with elevated transmission. Availability: Database, programs and documentation may be accessed online at http://www.emi.unsw.edu.au/spolTools. Contact:j.reyes@student.unsw.edu.au; m.tanaka@unsw.edu.au
Assessing the impact of the 2004 tsunami on mangroves using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Poonthip Sirikulchayanon, Wanxiao Sun, Tonny J. Oyana
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

While tsunami characteristics and effects are not fully understood in the countries around the Indian Ocean, there are reports suggesting that mangroves, acting as a barrier, significantly reduce the devastation caused by the waves. This study proposes a creative approach to investigating the impact of the 2004 tsunami on mangrove vegetation. The approach involves a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS) proximity analyses and change detection methods in remote sensing to delineate multiple buffer distances from the coastline into four homogeneous subregions. The changes in land cover are then assessed in these subregions before and after the tsunami event. The proposed approach provides a more reliable and accurate means than conventional methods to evaluate spatial patterns of damaged areas through different land characteristics along the coastline. There are major damages to land cover, representing an average of 26.87% change, in those geographic locations with low mangrove coverage that are in close proximity to the coastline in all four subregions, whereas less damage is apparent in locations with high mangrove coverage, representing an average of only 2.77% change. The optimum distance between 1000 and 1500 m of mangrove buffer would be favourable and most effective for reducing the damage by potential tsunami waves. The findings support the need for mangrove replantation and management in the future and may serve as a prototype for studying impacts of tsunamis in other affected countries.
Continuous speech recognition with sparse coding
Authors: W. J. Smit, E. Barnard
Venue: Computer Speech and Language (2009)

Sparse coding is an efficient way of coding information. In a sparse code most of the code elements are zero; very few are active. Sparse codes are intended to correspond to the spike trains with which biological neurons communicate. In this article, we show how sparse codes can be used to do continuous speech recognition. We use the TIDIGITS dataset to illustrate the process. First a waveform is transformed into a spectrogram, and a sparse code for the spectrogram is found by means of a linear generative model. The spike train is classified by making use of a spike train model and dynamic programming. It is computationally expensive to find a sparse code. We use an iterative subset selection algorithm with quadratic programming for this process. This algorithm finds a sparse code in reasonable time if the input is limited to a fairly coarse spectral resolution. At this resolution, our system achieves a word error rate of 19%, whereas a system based on Hidden Markov Models achieves a word error rate of 15% at the same resolution.
Comparison of vocabularies, representations and ranking algorithms for gene prioritization by text mining
Authors: Shi Yu, Steven Van Vooren, Leon-Charles Tranchevent, Bart De Moor, Yves Moreau
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Motivation: Computational gene prioritization methods are useful to help identify susceptibility genes potentially being involved in genetic disease. Recently, text mining techniques have been applied to extract prior knowledge from text-based genomic information sources and this knowledge can be used to improve the prioritization process. However, the effect of various vocabularies, representations and ranking algorithms on text mining for gene prioritization is still an issue that requires systematic and comparative studies. Therefore, a benchmark study about the vocabularies, representations and ranking algorithms in gene prioritization by text mining is discussed in this article. Results: We investigated 5 different domain vocabularies, 2 text representation schemes and 27 linear ranking algorithms for disease gene prioritization by text mining. We indexed 288 177 MEDLINE titles and abstracts with the TXTGate text pro.ling system and adapted the benchmark dataset of the Endeavour gene prioritization system that consists of 618 disease-causing genes. Textual gene pro.les were created and their performance for prioritization were evaluated and discussed in a comparative manner. The results show that inverse document frequency-basedrepresentation of gene term vectors performs better than the term-frequency inverse document-frequency representation. The eVOC and MESH domain vocabularies perform better than Gene Ontology, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man's and London Dysmorphology Database. The ranking algorithms based on 1-SVM, Standard Correlation and Ward linkage method provide the best performance. Availability: The MATLAB code of the algorithm and benchmark datasets are available by request. Contact: shi.yu@esat.kuleuven.be Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On the relationships between G-preinvex functions and semistrictly G-preinvex functions
Authors: H. Z. Luo, H. X. Wu
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

A new class of functions, termed semistrictly G-preinvex functions, is introduced in this paper. The relationships between semistrictly G-preinvex functions and G-preinvex functions are investigated under mild assumptions. Our results improve and extend the existing ones in the literature.
Comparing the notions of optimality in CP-nets, strategic games and soft constraints
Authors: Krzysztof R. Apt, Francesca Rossi, Kristen Brent Venable
Venue: Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence (2008)

The notion of optimality naturally arises in many areas of applied mathematics and computer science concerned with decision making. Here we consider this notion in the context of three formalisms used for different purposes in reasoning about multi-agent systems: strategic games, CP-nets, and soft constraints. To relate the notions of optimality in these formalisms we introduce a natural qualitative modification of the notion of a strategic game. We show then that the optimal outcomes of a CP-net are exactly the Nash equilibria of such games. This allows us to use the techniques of game theory to search for optimal outcomes of CP-nets and vice-versa, to use techniques developed for CP-nets to search for Nash equilibria of the considered games. Then, we relate the notion of optimality used in the area of soft constraints to that used in a generalization of strategic games, called graphical games. In particular we prove that for a natural class of soft constraints that includes weighted constraints every optimal solution is both a Nash equilibrium and Pareto efficient joint strategy. For a natural mapping in the other direction we show that Pareto efficient joint strategies coincide with the optimal solutions of soft constraints.
A Pluggable and Reconfigurable Architecture for a Context-Aware Enabling Middleware System
Authors: Nearchos Paspallis, Romain Rouvoy, Paolo Barone, George A. Papadopoulos, Frank Eliassen, Alessandro Mamelli
Venue: Proceedings of the OTM 2008 Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008. Part I on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: (2008)

Context awareness is a core feature of modern mobile and ubiquitous computing systems. Although it has not reached its full potential yet, one can already observe significant activity in the area of software engineering for supporting the development of context-aware applications. An example of such an activity is the MUSIC project, which proposes a middleware featuring a generic and reusable context management system. This paper describes the pluggable architecture of this system, and explains how it advances the state of the art through its support for context heterogeneity and better resource utilization. The former is achieved with the use of a novel architecture, which enables the separation of low-level, platform-specific context plug-ins from higher-level application-specific ones. The improved resource utilization is achieved through intelligent activation and deactivation of context plug-ins based on the needs of the active applications. The proposed approach has been experimentally evaluated and the results indicate that it significantly improves the resource utilization in context-aware applications, especially when deployed on lightweight mobile devices.