ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Crossing colorful communication: a system for enhancing sound communication
Authors: Ryota Oiwa, Mitsuyo Hashida, Haruhiro Katayose
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (2007)

We describe an interactive multimedia application called crossing colorful communication (C.C.C), players of which can enjoy collaborative and interactive media control by speaking or making sound. Players of C.C.C. fire visual bullets, the direction and the size of which are determined by the pitch and the intensity of each player's voice. When bullets collide on the screen, visual and sound effects are created. Players of C.C.C. can enjoy a new style of communication powered by mediatechnologies.
A document-based framework for internet application control
Authors: Todd D. Hodes, Randy H. Katz
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2 (1999)

This paper motivates and details a document-based framework for manipulating the components that comprise distributed Internet applications. In the framework, XML documents are used to describe both server-side functionality and the mapping between a client's applications and the servers it accesses. Our system model contrasts with explicitly context-aware application designs, where location information must be explicitly manipulated by the application to affect change; instead, a middleware layer is interposed between client applications and services so that invocations between the two can be transparently remapped. This approach is useful for a subset of application domains, including our example domain of "remote control" of local resources (e.g., lights, stereo components, etc.). We illustrate how the framework allows for 1) remapping of a portion of an existing user interface to a new service, 2) viewing of arbitrary subsets and combinations of the available functionality, and 3) mixing dynamically-generated user interfaces with existing user interfaces. The use of a document-based framework in addition to a conventional object-oriented programming language provides a number of key features. One of the most useful is that it exposes the mappings between programs/UIs and the objects to which they refer, thereby providing a standard location for manipulation of this indirection.
Language independent gender identification
Authors: E. S. Parris
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

This paper describes a novel technique specifically developed for gender identification which combines acoustic analysis and pitch. Two sets of hidden Markov models, male and female, are matched to the speech using the Viterbi algorithm and the most likely sequence of models with corresponding likelihood scores are produced. Linear discriminant analysis is used to normalise the models and reduce bias towards a particular gender. An enhanced version of the pitch estimation algorithm used for IMBE speech coding is used to give an average pitch estimate for the speaker. The information provided by the acoustic analysis and pitch estimation are combined using a linear classifier to identify the gender of the speech. The system was tested on three British English databases giving less than 1% identification error rate with two seconds of speech. Further tests without optimisation on eleven languages of the OGI database gave error rates less than 5.2% and an average of 2.0%.
System Level Performance Assessment of SOC Processors with SystemC
Authors: Claudio Talarico, Min-sung Koh, Esteban Rodriguez-Marek
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2007)

This paper presents a system level methodology for modeling, and analyzing the performance of system-on- chip (SOC) processors. The solution adopted focuses on minimizing assessment time by modeling processors behavior only in terms of the performance metrics of interest. Formally, the desired behavior is captured through a C/C++ executable model, which uses finite state machines (FSM) as the underlying model of computation (MOC). To illustrate and validate our methodology we applied it to the design of a 16-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) processor. The performance metrics used to assess the quality of the design considered are power consumption and execution time. However, the methodology can be extended to any performance metric. The results obtained demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method both in terms of assessment time and accuracy.
Shame on trust in distributed systems
Authors: Trent Jaeger, Patrick McDaniel, Luke St. Clair, Ramón Cáceres, Reiner Sailer
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Security (2006)

Approaches for building secure, distributed systems have fundamental limitations that prevent the construction of dynamic, Internet-scale systems. In this paper, we propose a concept of a shared reference monitor or Shamon that we believe will provide a basis for overcoming these limitations. First, distributed systems lack a principled basis for trust in the trusted computing bases of member machines. In most distributed systems, a trusted computing base is assumed. However, the fear of compromise due to misconfiguration or vulnerable software limits the cases where this assumption can be applied in practice. Where such trust is not assumed, current solutions are not scalable to large systems [7, 20]. Second, current systems do not ensure the enforcement of the flexible, distributed system security goals. Mandatory access control (MAC) policies aim to describe enforceable security goals, but flexible MAC solutions, such as SELinux, do not even provide a scalable solution for a single machine (due to the complexity of UNIX systems), much less a distributed system. A significant change in approach is necessary to develop a principled trusted computing base that enforces system security goals and scales to large distributed systems.
A Haptic Knob with a Hybrid Ultrasonic Motor and Powder Clutch Actuator
Authors: Dominique Chapuis, Xavier Michel, Roger Gassert, Chee-Meng Chew, Etienne Burdet, Hannes Bleuler
Venue: Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2007)

In haptics, the forces to be displayed vary widely in terms of magnitude and bandwidth. A single actuator can hardly comply with these requirements. It has thus been proposed to combine electrical motors and passive devices in a hybrid actuator to cover a larger range of displayable forces. In this paper, different hybrid actuators are reviewed and a novel hybrid USM/clutch actuator is presented. It has been developed for haptic applications and its principle is adaptable to MR compatible robots. The complementary dynamic properties of the USM, which is a velocity source, and a torque controlled clutch, lead to a simple mechanism offering more control modes and lower power consumption than previous hybrid actuators. A haptic knob is designed and realized to test this approach. It includes a differential gear that allows the powder brake to mimic the behavior of a clutch. Haptic effects such as springs or walls have been implemented and successfully tested on the prototype.
Tamper resistance: a cautionary note
Authors: Ross Anderson, Markus Kuhn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Proceedings of the Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 2 (1996)

An increasing number of systems from pay-TV to electronic purses, rely on the tamper resistance of smartcards and other security processors. We describe a number of attacks on such systems -- some old, some new and some that are simply little known outside the chip testing community. We conclude that trusting tamper resistance is problematic; smartcards are broken routinely, and even a device that was described by a government signals agency as 'the most secure processor generally available' turns out to be vulnerable. Designers of secure systems should consider the consequences with care.
Fuzzy Multi-Level Security: An Experiment on Quantified Risk-Adaptive Access Control
Authors: Pau-Chen Cheng, Pankaj Rohatgi, Claudia Keser, Paul A. Karger, Grant M. Wagner, Angela Schuett Reninger
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2007)

This paper presents a new model for, or rather a new way of thinking about adaptive, risk-based access control. Our basic premise is that there is always inherent uncertainty and risk in access control decisions that is best addressed in an explicit way. We illustrate this concept by showing how the rationale of the well-known, Bell-Lapadula model based, Multi-Level Security (MLS) access control model could be used to develop a risk-adaptive access control model. This new model is more like a Fuzzy Logic control system [9] than a traditional access control system and hence the name "Fuzzy MLS". The long version of this paper is published as an IBM Research Report [3].
Continuous improvement as a methodology for introducing engineering design to first-year students
Authors: S. M. Lord
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Developing solutions to engineering problems is often an iterative process with improvement occurring over several generations of a design. We have developed a Continuous Improvement laboratory framework that introduces first-year engineering students to design practice. This involves guiding students to systematically improve computer-controlled models of electromechanical systems while emulating the methods followed by practising engineers. The initial systems were constructed by students in Spring 1999. The first improvement cycle took place in Spring 2000 when teams of first-year students received working systems developed in 1999 along with their full technical documentation. Each team applied the engineering design process to identify opportunities for improving their system and then implemented these improvements. The resulting systems (with revised documents) become the starting models for another cycle of improvement in Spring 2001. Through this project, students develop skills in problem solving, communication, teamwork and project management. We explain the motivation for and describe the Continuous Improvement methodology. We compare this methodology to the process of building a new project. Finally, we describe our students' experiences with identifying potential project improvements and preparing proposals including examples of specific improvements proposed.
Practice and Transfer of Learning in the Teaching of Software Testing
Authors: Cem Kaner, Sowmya Padmanabhan
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Software Engineering Education & Training (2007)

Many university classes and commercial training courses rely on classroom lecture and practice exercises to help students learn new skills. The thesis work described in this paper sought to create an optimal set of lecture notes and practice exercises to teach a software testing technique, domain testing. The new materials were successful at teaching students to consistently and meticulously execute the procedures they learned. To the surprise of the authors, the students were unable to apply their new skills to a more applied task that was similar to those practiced. The results of this study provide a striking example of the limitations inherent in traditional instruction. They motivated Kaner to reconceptualize his instructional practices toward helping students deepen their appreciation of the complex cognitive tasks of the craft rather than procedurally-focused practice of new skills.
Generating paper texture of historical documents using statistical moments
Authors: C. A. B. Mello
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

This paper presents a scheme for generating paper texture of historical documents. A new entropy based segmentation algorithm is used to decompose the image of documents into the image of the paper background and the printing of the document. Statistical analysis allows filling in the gaps from the printing, yielding a blank sheet of paper with similar texture to the original document.
The Design of Neural Network Direct Inverse Controller Based on Complex Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Yuan-bin Mo, He-tong Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

Aiming at the difficulties of knowledge acquisition of training data in the neural network direct inverse control, method for generalizing design method of neuro-controllers was proposed. After analyzing the Method of Complex (MC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),a novel algorithm called Complex Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) was deduced based on matching the present best point with the worst point, and taking advantage of median point objective value to judge which part that the better point would be on the line of the best point and worst point, and also learning from present best point. Based on CPSO, we optimized control inputs of dynamic systems, and then trained neuro-controller with the obtained desirable response trajectory and control signals that produce it as training data. The synchronous machine was employed as a test-bed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method and the simulation results are given at the end of paper..
A high performance software implementation of MPEG audio encoder
Authors: M. Kumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

The MPEG/audio is a standard for both transmitting and recording compressed audio. The MPEG algorithm achieves compression by exploiting the perceptual limitation of the human ear. The standard defines the decoding process and also the syntax of the coded bitstream. However, there is room for having different implementation to generate the compressed bitstream. We propose a high performance software implementation of the MPEG/audio encoder. We obtained more than a factor of five improvement over a straightforward implementation, on the IBM PowerPC, Model 250.
Chasing rainbows: improving software testing in the real world
Authors: Tim Trew
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Software testing and analysis (2007)

When releasing a new consumer product, the anticipated profits can be slashed by being late to market or having poor quality. Companies are keen to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of testing, to reduce their lead time and to be confident of the quality. However, it might appear that progress in the deployment of new approaches has been agonizingly slow. In practice, with the rapid evolution in the technology and business of consumer electronics, a major challenge is to anticipate the testing needs of the future while addressing the detailed issues that hamper the adoption of new approaches. The presentation will give an overview of how the software in embedded consumer products, together with its development approach, has evolved over the last decade, with the shift of signal processing from analogue hardware to software and from monolithic development organizations to ones that integrate and test components developed by others. Integration testing, one of the least well-understood areas, becomes crucial and there will be illustrations of the insight that testability can give into how architectures must be constrained to ensure that this testing can be effective. The presentation will also give examples of the successful introduction of new test technology, current trials of model-checking techniques and the new testing challenges posed by the introduction of the increasing complexity of embedded systems with systems-on-chip and their network-on-chip interconnects.
Philos-type oscillation criteria for Emden-Fowler neutral delay differential equations
Authors: Zhiting Xu, Xiuxiang Liu
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2007)

Philos-type oscillation criteria are established for the Emden-Fowler neutral delay differential equation[|x^'(t)|^@c^-^1x^'(t)]^'+q"1(t)|y(t-@s)|^@a^-^1y(t-@s)+q"2(t)|y(t-@s)|^@b^-^1y(t-@s)=0,t>=t"0,where x(t)=y(t)+p(t)y(t-@t). The results obtained here essentially improve some known results in the literature. In particular, two interesting examples that point out the importance of our results are also included.
Incremental ML estimation of HMM parameters for efficient training
Authors: Y. Gotoh
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

Conventional training of a hidden Markov model (HMM) is performed by an expectation-maximization algorithm using a maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. It was reported that, using an incremental variant of maximum a posteriori estimation, substantial speed improvements could be obtained. The approach requires a prior distribution when the training starts, although it is difficult to find an appropriate prior for some cases. This paper presents a new approach for achieving an efficient training of HMM parameters using the standard ML criterion. A prior distribution is not required. The algorithm sequentially selects a subset of data from the training set, updates the parameters from the subset, then iterates until convergence. There is a solid theoretical foundation that ensures a monotone likelihood improvement; thus stable convergence is guaranteed. Experimental results indicate substantially faster convergence than the standard batch training algorithm while holding the same level of recognition performance.
Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network Classifier to Detect Changes in Heart Sound due to Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Rakesh Kumar Sinha, Yogender Aggarwal, Barda Nand Das
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2007)

The phonocardiograph (PCG) can provide a non-invasive diagnostic ability to the clinicians and technicians to compare the heart acoustic signal obtained from normal and that of pathological heart (cardiac patient). This instrument was connected to the computer through the analog to digital (A/D) converter. The digital data stored for the normal and diseased (mitral valve regurgitation) heart in the computer were decomposed through the Coifman 4th order wavelet kernel. The decomposed phonocardiographic (PCG) data were tested by backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN). The network was containing 64 nodes in the input layer, weighted from the decomposed components of the PCG in the input layer, 16 nodes in the hidden layer and an output node. The ANN was found effective in differentiating the wavelet components of the PCG from mitral valve regurgitation confirmed person (93%) to normal subjects (98%) with an overall performance of 95.5%. This system can also be used to detect the defects in cardiac valves especially, and other several cardiac disorders in general.
The Chuted-Banyan (CANYAN) Network: An Effiecient Distribution Network for Growable Packet Switching Based on Free-Space Digital Optics
Authors: Thomas J. Cloonan, Gaylord W. Richards
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 01 (1993)

This paper studies the architectural trade-offs found in a novel ATM packet switch that offers several benefits for applications based on free-space digital optics. The architecture is based on a banyan network, but it uses a combination of deflection routing and output buffering to solve the contention resolution problem. It also makes novel use of chutes to remove packets from the banyan network when they have arrived in their desired output row.
SWL: a search-while-load demand paging scheme with NAND flash memory
Authors: Jihyun In, Ilhoon Shin, Hyojun Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems (2007)

As mobile phones become increasingly multifunctional, the number and size of applications installed in phones are rapidly increasing. Consequently, mobile phones require more hardware resources such as NOR/NAND flash memory and DRAM, and their production cost is accordingly becoming higher. One candidate solution to reduce production cost is demand paging using MMU. However, demand paging causes unpredictably long page fault latency, and as such mobile phone manufacturers are reluctant to deploy this scheme. In this paper, we present a method that reduces the long latency of page faults by performing page fault handling in a parallelized manner, considering the characteristics of NAND-Type flash memory. We also discuss how to modify the existing page cache replacement policies so that they can exploit the benefits of the parallelized page fault handler. Experimental results show that the parallelized page fault handler improves the worst case latency of page faults significantly, by up to roughly 20%, and that the modified page cache replacement policies improve both the average and worst instruction fetch time.
Individual Privacy and Organizational Privacy in Business Analytics
Authors: Siu Man Lui, Ling Qiu
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The use of business analytics to reveal useful information from transactional and operational databases involves accessing private information of both individuals and organizations. This practice has raised the privacy concern of individuals and policy makers. In this paper, we propose a privacy preserving approach for business analytics based on keyed Bloom filters. We illustrate this approach using market basket analysis, and then evaluate its performance using real datasets from a point-of- sale and web clickstream. The major advantage of this approach is the positive relationship for the level of privacy security and analysis precision. In other words, the tradeoff of the level of privacy protection for our solution is data storage space; whereas for other existing methods, there is always a tradeoff between analysis precision and the level of privacy protection.
Temporal Constraints Approximation from Data about Medical Procedures
Authors: Aida Kamisalic, David Riano, Francis Real, Tatjana Welzer
Venue: Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2007)

Proposing a treatment to patients is one of the physicians' most common tasks. There are different elements that influence the decision of a physician to propose an appropriate treatment. Formal intervention plans (FIPs) are formal structures representing health care procedures to assist patients suffering from particular ailments or diseases. The introduction of temporal constraints in FIPs is a difficult task that physicians are not used to. This difficulty can be overcome with mechanisms to generate temporal constraints directly from the existing data on patient treatments. We have chosen the SDA* formalism to represent FIPs. Here, our objective is to approximate time constraints from patient state transition sequences and as a generalization of the times assigned to each transition (or patient evolution). This approximation is used to construct the time dimension of FIPs.