ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Analysis and design of flexible structures
Authors: J. Y. Kim
Venue: Civil and structural engineering computing: 2001 (2001)

The membrane and cable structures, a kind of flexible structural system, are unstable initially because of the material property. These structures can be stable by introducing the initial stress, and thus the nonlinear analysis procedure considering geometric nonlinearity is needed. In general, the analysis and design procedure consists of three steps unlike RC or steel structures. The first step is shape finding analysis to determine the initial equilibrium shape and the second step is stress-deformation analysis to investigate the behavior of structures under various service loads. The final step is cutting pattern of membrane. This paper is dealing with three categories. The first one is shape finding method by modified dynamic relaxation method, the second one is the cutting pattern method with optimization technique and the third one is some practical design examples focused on 2002 world cup stadiums covered with membrane roof in Korea are presented.
Breakthrough in privacy concerns and lawful access conflicts
Authors: John Olurotimi Ayoade, Toshio Kosuge
Venue: Telematics and Informatics (2002)

The widespread use and misuse of communication systems, especially in the era of speedy transmission of audio/visual information facilitated by the World Wide Web, creates a need for the regulation of information flow. This is in order to ensure a high level of consistency in information security and integrity. On the other hand, ensuring that users have access to security techniques that meet their needs, so that they can trust in the security of information and communications systems while maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data on such systems, is a must. For example, in many countries, law enforcement can lawfully access stored data or intercept communications under certain conditions. The important law enforcement tools necessary to carry out these exercises could be hampered by the use of uncontrolled cryptography, which may prevent lawful access to either plaintext or cryptographic keys of encrypted data. The privacy and integrity of data on communications systems are of vital importance. This paper addresses the issue at stake in communication security and the user's right to information on legal and social ramifications. This work describes how vital security techniques may be to information technology especially in the Internet era and how there could be a balance to individual privacy [Computers System and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 1999] and public safety in communication. This is one of the most essential issues at stake in communication security. It evaluates the threat caused by intrusion/violations of privacy rights by law enforcement agents and presents a better strategy of how crime can be traced and how criminals might be arrested by law enforcement agents without violating users' privacy rights. We propose an idea called SPLC - solution to privacy and lawful access conflict. SPLC realizes/instills online users' confidence and makes the Internet a fraud-free environment for e-commerce and other online activity.
Augustana women in computer science (AWCS): a program to encourage women in the pursuit of technical education and careers
Authors: Marcia Seivert Entwistle
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

There is acute demand for information technology workers in the United States. This demand is likely to continue for many years. To meet this escalating demand, it is imperative for computer science departments to recruit and retain female students who are currently under represented. Female students should have the same opportunity as male students to occupy the rewarding and highly compensated jobs in information technology fields. However, the number of female students entering and completing undergraduate study in computer science is significantly lower than expected given the percentages of female students enrolled in higher education. Although almost all other scientific fields have been successful in increasing the number of female majors, the number of female computer science majors has declined. The Augustana Women in Computer Science (AWCS) student organization originated in March 2000 to address this inequality. The purpose of the organization is to assist women in their pursuit of education and careers in computer science and to remove any perceived or real barriers to their success in technicalcareers. Highlights of the program include a student-to-student mentoring program and an outreach program aimed at area elementary students. The mentoring program assigns upper class computer science majors to incoming first year students who have declared a major in computer science. The outreach program gives college students the opportunity to speak with elementary age students about careers in technology.
The somatic engineer
Authors: Peter J. Denning
Venue: Ubiquity (2002)

Engineers trained in value skills will be superior professionals and designers.
Understanding user acceptance of digital libraries: what are the roles of interface characteristics, organizational context, and individual differences?
Authors: James Y. L. Thong, Weiyin Hong, Kar-Yan Tam
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2002)

Digital library research efforts originating from library and information scientists have focused on the technical development. While millions of dollars have been spent on building "usable" digital libraries, previous research indicates that potential users may still not use them. This study contributes to understanding user acceptance of digital libraries by utilizing the technology acceptance model (TAM). Three system interface characteristics, three organizational context variables, and three individual differences are identified as critical external variables that have impact on adoption intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the digital library. Data was collected from 397 users of an award-winning digital library. The findings show that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are determinants of user acceptance of digital libraries. In addition, interface characteristics and individual differences affect perceived ease of use, while organizational context influences both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of digital libraries.
The role of user ownership and positive user attitudes in the successful adoption of information systems within NHS community trusts
Authors: Crispin R. Coombs, Neil F. Doherty, John Loan-Clarke
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2002)

The factors that influence the ultimate level of success or failure of systems development projects have received considerable attention in the academic literature. However, despite the existence of a 'best practice' literature many projects still fail. The record of the National Health Service has been particularly poor in this respect. The research reported in this paper proposes that two additional factors; user ownership and positive user attitudes warrant further development and investigation. The current study investigated these two factors in a homogenous organizational sector, Community NHS Trusts, using a common type of information system, in order to eliminate the potentially confounding influences of sector and system. A multiple case-study design incorporating five Community Healthcare Trusts was utilized. The key results from the analysis indicated that both user ownership and positive user attitudes were important mediating variables that were crucial to the success of a CIS. In addition, it was also identified that the adoption of best practice variables had a dual role, directly influencing the level of perceived success but also facilitating the development of user ownership and positive user attitudes. These results will be of particular interest to practising IM&T managers in the NHS and also to the wider academic research community.
Distributing and scheduling divisible task on parallel communicating processors
Authors: Guodong Li, Defu Zhang
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2002)

In this paper we propose a novel scheme for scheduling divisible task on parallel processors connected by system interconnection network with arbitrary topology. The divisible task is a computation that can be divided into arbitrary independent subtasks solved in parallel. Our model takes into consideration communication initial time and communication delays between processors. Moreover, by constructing the corresponding Network Spanning Tree (NST) for a network, our scheme can be applied to all kinds of network topologies. We present the concept of Balanced Task Distribution Tree and use it to design the Equation Set Creation Algorithm in which the set of linear equations is created by traversing the NST in post-order. After solving the created equations, we get the optimal task assignment scheme. Experiments confirm the applicability of our scheme in real-life situations.
A comparative evaluation of generic programming in Java and C++
Authors: Hossein Saiedian, Steve Hill
Venue: Software&mdash;Practice Experience (2003)

Generic programming has been defined as 'programming with concepts' where a concept refers to a family of abstractions. The criteria for generic programming include independence of collections from data types, independence of algorithms that operate on the collection, and the adaptability of the collections. This paper examines and evaluates the support for generic programming in the Java Development Kit (JDK) in comparison to C++'s Standard Template Library (STL). The evaluation will consider both the 'qualitative' factors as well as certain 'quantitative' factors (i.e. factors that can be measured). The qualitative factors that are considered include: 1. a comparison of the structure and APIs; 2. homogeneity versus heterogeneity; and 3. ease of use (including ease of converting to collection classes, ease of changing collection type, and ease of error handling).The quantitative factors include: 1. compiled size; 2. runtime memory usage; and 3. performance. The results of our evaluative comparisons based on the above factors and certain other criteria are presented at the end. Based on the results, we conclude that the support provided for generic programming in C++'s STL is superior to that provided by JDK.
Sparse Matrix Ordering Methods for Interior Point Linear Programming
Authors: Edward Rothberg, Bruce Hendrickson
Venue: INFORMS Journal on Computing (1998)

The main cost of solving a linear programming problem using an interior point method is usually the cost of solving a series of sparse, symmetric linear systems of equations, A&#920;ATx = b. These systems are typically solved using a sparse direct method. The first step in such a method is a reordering of the rows and columns of the matrix to reduce fill in the factor and/or reduce the required work. This article evaluates several methods for performing fill-reducing ordering on a variety of large-scale linear programming problems. We find that a new method, based on the nested dissection heuristic, provides significantly better orderings than the most commonly used ordering method, minimum degree.
Running a large air pollution model on an IBM SMP computer
Authors: Wojciech Owczarx, Zahari Zlatev
Venue: Practical parallel computing (2001)

The preparation of an efficient air pollution code for an IBM SMP computer with two levels of parallelism is discussed. Only two nodes are available on the IBM SMP computer that has actually been used. Therefore, a relatively small problem has been applied in the experiments. The 2-D version of an air pollution problem was discretized on a (96×96) grid. The number of the chemical species was 35. This computational problem, leading to the solution of ODE systems of 322560 equations during many thousands of time-steps, is still very big for many of the existing high-speed computers. Moreover, this version of the model is in fact the operational version at present. More details about this version can be found in the web-site of the model: http://www.dmu.dk/AtmosphericEnvironment/DEM.
Physics-based loop surface modeling
Authors: Kaihuai Qin, Zhengyi Chang, Huawei Wang, Denggao Li
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2002)

Strongly inspired by the research on physics-based dynamic models for surfaces, we propose a new method for precisely evaluating the dynamic parameters (mass, damping and stiffness matrices, and dynamic forces) for Loop surfaces without recursive subdivision regardless of regular or irregular faces. It is shown that the thin-plate-energy of Loop surfaces can be evaluated precisely and efficiently, even though there are extraordinary points in the initial meshes, unlike the previous dynamic Loop surface scheme. Hence, the new method presented for Loop surfaces is much more efficient than the previous schemes.
Dual-level parallelism for deterministic and stochastic CFD problems
Authors: Suchuan Dong, George Em. Karniadakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2002)

A hybrid two-level parallelism using MPI/OpenMP is implemented in the general-purpose spectral/hp element CFD code NekTar to take advantage of the hierarchical structures arising in deterministic and stochastic CFD problems. We take a coarse grain approach to shared-memory parallelism with OpenMP and employ a workload-splitting scheme that can reduce the OpenMP synchronizations to the minimum. The hybrid implementation shows good scalability with respect to both the problem size and the number of processors in case of a fixed problem size. With the same number of processors, the hybrid model with 2 (or 4) OpenMP threads per MPI process is observed to perform better than pure MPI and pure OpenMP on the NCSA SGI Origin 2000, while the pure MPI model performs the best on the IBM SP3 at SDSC and on the Compaq Alpha cluster at PSC. A key new result is that the use of threads facilitates effectively p-refinement, which is crucial to adaptive discretization using high-order methods.
Nonlinear equations and wavelets
Authors: A. Ludu, R. F. O'Connell, J. P. Draayer
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

We use a multi-scale similarity analysis which gives specific relations between the velocity, amplitude and width of localized solutions of nonlinear differential equations, whose exact solutions are generally difficult to obtain.
A Class of Hard Small 0-1 Programs
Authors: Gerard Cornuejols, Milind Dawande
Venue: INFORMS Journal on Computing (1999)

In this article, we consider a class of 0-1 programs that, although innocent looking, is a challenge for existing solution methods. Solving even small instances from this class is extremely difficult for conventional branch-and-bound or branch-and-cut algorithms. We also experimented with basis reduction algorithms and with dynamic programming without much success. The article then examines the performance of two other methods: a group relaxation for 0,1 programs, and a sorting based procedure following an idea of Wolsey. Although the results with these two methods are somewhat better than with the other four when it comes to checking feasibility, we offer this class of small 0,1 programs as a challenge to the research community.
Dualizing chordal graphs
Authors: Terry A. McKee
Venue: Discrete Mathematics (2003)

Although chordal graphs may seem at first to be a poor choice to approach using cycle/cutset graph duality, portions of chordal graph theory can be successfully dualized within the context of nonseparable 3-edge-connected graphs. A simple recognition algorithm for such 'dual-chordal graphs' involves the further restriction to 3-connected (necessarily cubic) graphs. There is also a natural notion of strongly dual-chordal graphs, with a simple description for the planar case.
Linear hybrid action systems
Authors: Mauno Rönkkö, Xuandong Li
Venue: Nordic Journal of Computing (2001)

Action Systems is a predicate transformer based formalism. It supports the development of provably correct reactive and distributed systems by refinement. Recently, Action Systems were extended with a differential action. It is used for modelling continuous behaviour, thus, allowing the use of refinement in the development of provably correct hybrid systems, i.e, a discrete controller interacting with some continuously evolving environment. However, refinement as a method is concerned with correctness issues only. It offers very little guidance in what details one should consider during the refinement steps to make the system more robust. That information is revealed by robustness analysis. Other formalisms not supporting refinement do have tool support for automating the robustness analysis, e.g., HyTech for linear hybrid automata. Consequently, we study in this paper the non-trivial translation problem between Action Systems and linear hybrid automata. As the main contribution, we give and prove correct an algorithm that translates a linear hybrid action system to a linear hybrid automaton. With this algorithm we combine the strengths of the two formalisms: we may use HyTech for the robustness analysis to guide the development by refinement.
Extending IEEE Std. 1149.4 Analog Boundary Modules to Enhance Mixed-Signal Test
Authors: Uros Kac, Franc Novak, Florence Azaïs, Pascal Nouet, Michel Renovell
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2003)

Editor's note:Will it or won't it? The 1999 IEEE 1149.4 Standard for a Mixed-Signal Test Bus is on the cusp of industrial acceptance, but it's not clear whether industry will pick it up. This study, by two leading European research institutes, delves into the details of hardware implementation and, in so doing, contributes to the growing literature on this topic.ýR.G. (Ben) BennettsBennetts Associates
On a Smarandache problem concerning the prime gaps
Authors: Felice Russo
Venue: Smarandache Notions Journal (2002)

In this paper, a problem posed in [1] by Smarandache concerning the prime gaps is analysed.
An automated advising system for course selection and scheduling
Authors: Robert M. Siegfried, Adam M. Wittenstein, Tashi Sharma
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2003)

Less than 3/4 of freshmen at four-year institutions return for a second year; the percentage is even lower for students at two-year institutions. While the causes for such attrition are complex, inaccurate advising is clearly a contributing factor. The first author developed an expert system for advising freshmen several years ago that did not address scheduling, an important factor in advising students. In this updated version of the program, the issue of scheduling is addressed and the re-engineered system is specified. The authors described two versions, built to meet the advising criteria of two different undergraduate institutions as well as discussing the design of a general model that can be customized for the needs of other schools.
Stereo matching and occlusion detection with integrity and illusion sensitivity
Authors: Qiuming Luo, Jingli Zhou, Shengsheng Yu, Degui Xiao
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2003)

Occlusion might cause problems in stereo matching, especially when there are narrow objects with large disparity and illusion in the scene. Disparity consistency is introduced to handle these complicate scenes. The advantage of disparity consistency over those existed constraints is the integrity and illusion sensitivity. An algorithm using disparity consistency is provided. With this consistency constraint, the problems in the complex scene can be better solved than with the existed constraints and other methods. The results of experiment on synthetic images and real world images are presented.
Hardware-assisted view-dependent isosurface extraction using spherical partition
Authors: Jinzhu Gao, Han-Wei Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the symposium on Data visualisation 2003 (2003)

Extracting only the visible portion of an isosurface can improve both the computation efficiency and the rendering speed. However, the visibility test overhead can be quite high for large scale data sets. In this paper, we present a view-dependent isosurface extraction algorithm utilizing occlusion query hardware to accelerate visible isosurface extraction. A spherical partition scheme is proposed to traverse the data blocks in a layered front-to-back order. Such traversal order helps our algorithm to identify the visible isosurface blocks more quickly with fewer visibility queries. Our algorithm can compute a more complete isosurface in a smaller amount of time, and thus is suitable for time-critical visualization applications.
Networks, Diversity, and Productivity: The Social Capital of Corporate R&D Teams
Authors: Ray Reagans, Ezra W. Zuckerman
Venue: Organization Science (2001)

We argue that the debate regarding the performance implications of demographic diversity can be usefully reframed in terms of the network variables that reflect distinct forms of social capital. Scholars who are pessimistic about the performance of diverse teams base their view on the hypothesis that decreased network density--the average strength of the relationship among team members--lowers a team's capacity for coordination. The optimistic view is founded on the hypothesis that teams that are characterized by high network heterogeneity, whereby relationships on the team cut across salient demographic boundaries, enjoy an enhanced learning capability. We test each of these hypotheses directly and thereby avoid the problematic assumption that they contradict one another. Our analysis of data on the social networks, organizational tenure, and productivity of 224 corporate R&D teams indicates that both network variables help account for team productivity. These findings support a recasting of the diversity-performance debate in terms of the network processes that are more proximate to outcomes of interest.
Visual orientation and motion control of MAKRO: adaptation to the sewer environment
Authors: Marina Kolesnik, Hermann Streich
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats (2002)

Adaptation has become an important aspect of robot design. The work here describes the perception and motion control of MAKRO - an autonomous robot for sewer inspection - from the point of view of MAKRO's adaptation to specific features of the sewer environment. Two features are crucial for MAKRO's adaptation. First, narrow sewer pipes connected into a unified system via junctions, compose a graph-like structure with rather constraint surface geometry. Second, a sewer interior is absolutely dark. The visual sensing of MAKRO is not only well adapted to these specific conditions, in fact it benefits from them. Visual orientation by a hybrid vision system gives rise to a rather simple vision model, which is capable of supporting real time orientation in the sewer. This instantiates an important principle of embodied cognition, which states that adaptation of an agent to an environment allows the use of simple principles of "cheap vision" for navigation purposes. Moreover, a fast visual processing enables MAKRO to react rapidly to events in its surroundings. This in turn, changes our approach to movement control: MAKRO does not act in the "plan - move" fashion; instead, it explores the environment, updates its heading and finds the right direction for the next move in real time. This leads to a second principle of the current work: if visual orientation of an agent operates in real time, all that is required for its successful navigation is to continuously update the right direction of motion. Navigation of MAKRO gives a powerful demonstration of how adaptation to an ecological niche and the exploitation of environmental constraints can lead to extraordinarily robust performance in a mobile robot.