ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Using geometrical routing for overlay networking in MMOGs
Authors: Behnoosh Hariri, Mohammad Reza Pakravan, Shervin Shirmohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Alavi
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2009)

At a first glance, transmitting update information to a geographic region in the virtual space seems to be an attractive primitive in Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming (MMOG) applications where players are constantly moving and need to send updates to their neighbors who are in the same region of the virtual space. The system would become more scalable if entities did not need to keep track of each other or send messages directly to one another. Rather, an entity could just send a message to a specific region in the virtual space (its area of effect), as opposed to sending packets to specific IP addresses, significantly reducing tracking and routing overhead. Fundamentally speaking, update message exchange is mostly based on users' visibility range, which is mainly affected by proximity; i.e., avatars are interested in nodes within a specific distance around them. Therefore MMOG applications require a routing scheme that can deliver messages to specified locations in the virtual space. Such location based routing motivates the use of geographical routing, which has been introduced and successfully used in the context of wireless networks; however, in its current form it is not well suited for MMOGs which run on wired networks. In this article, we propose a scalable MMOG networking architecture based on hierarchical multi-grid geographical routing that is well suited for MMOG networks. We present our concept and design of hierarchical geometrical routing based on locality sensitive hashing, demonstrate its performance, and discuss both the strengths and shortcomings of our approach.
GenERRate: generating errors for use in grammatical error detection
Authors: Jennifer Foster, Øistein E. Andersen
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications (2009)

This paper explores the issue of automatically generated ungrammatical data and its use in error detection, with a focus on the task of classifying a sentence as grammatical or ungrammatical. We present an error generation tool called GenERRate and show how GenERRate can be used to improve the performance of a classifier on learner data. We describe initial attempts to replicate Cambridge Learner Corpus errors using GenERRate.
Study of WAP Mobile E-Commerce Security on WPKI
Authors: Feng Tian, Xiao-bing Han, Ying Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 02 (2009)

In order to solve the problem of security gap in the transmission of mobile E-commerce information through WAP gateway, a double layer encryption schemes based on WAP is proposed, which combines with WAP security architecture and mobile E-commerce security architecture. The data is encrypted with the public key of application server on the mobile terminal firstly, and then the encrypted data is encrypted again with WTLS in the wireless network and TLS/SSL in wired networks, which realizes the double layer encryption transmission. The digital signature and verification based on elliptic curve cryptography are adopted in this system, which can fast verify the identity of both parties. The simulation and experiment are implemented based on OPNET system and C++. The simulation results shows this system has characteristics of high security, fast calculation speed, high channel utilization factor etc, which can meet the safety need of WAP mobile E-commerce.
Stability-type results for hereditary properties
Authors: Noga Alon, Uri Stav
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2009)

The classical Stability Theorem of Erd&ouml;s and Simonovits can be stated as follows. For a monotone graph property P, let t&ge;2 be such that t+1=min&lcub;&chi;(H):H&notin;&isin;P&rcub;. Then any graph G*&isin;P on n vertices, which was obtained by removing at most $(1/t+o (1)) \left(_{2}^{n}\right)$ edges from the complete graph G=Kn, has edit distance o(n2) to Tn(t), the Tur&aacute;n graph on n vertices with t parts. In this paper we extend the above notion of stability to hereditary graph properties. It turns out that to do so the complete graph Kn has to be replaced by a random graph. For a hereditary graph property P, consider modifying the edges of a random graph G=G(n,&frac12;) to obtain a graph G* that satisfies P in (essentially) the most economical way. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on P, which guarantee that G* has a unique structure. In such cases, for a pair of integers (r, s), which depends on P, G*, has distance o(n2) to a graph Tn(r, s, &frac12;) almost surely. Here Tn(r, s, &frac12;) denotes a graph, which consists of almost equal-sized r+s parts, r of them induce an independent set, s induce a clique and all the bipartite graphs between parts are quasi-random (with edge density &frac12;. In addition, several strengthened versions of this result are shown. &copy; 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 65&ndash;83, 2009
PerspectiveSpace: Opinion Modeling with Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Jason B. Alonso, Catherine Havasi, Henry Lieberman
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH (2009)

Words mean different things to different people, and capturing these differences is often a subtle art. These differences are often "a matter of perspective". Perspective can be taken to be the set of beliefs held by a person as a result of their background, culture, tastes, and experience. But how can we represent perspective computationally?In this paper, we present PerspectiveSpace, a new technique for modeling spaces of users and their beliefs. PerspectiveSpace represents these spaces as a matrix of users, and data on how people agree or disagree on assertions that they themselves have expressed. It uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of that matrix, discovering the most important axes that best characterize the space. It can then express user perspectives and opinions in terms of these axes. For recommender systems, because it discovers patterns in the beliefs about items, rather than similarity of the items or users themselves, it can perform more nuanced categorization and recommendation. It integrates with our more general common sense reasoning technique, AnalogySpace, which can reason over the content of expressed opinions.An application of PerspectiveSpace to movie recommendation, 2-wit, is presented. A leave-one-out test shows that PerspectiveSpace captures the consistency of users' opinions very well. The technique also has applications ranging from discovering subcultures in a larger society, to building community-driven web sites.
A novel hybrid discrete differential evolution algorithm for blocking flow shop scheduling problems
Authors: Ling Wang, Quan-Ke Pan, P. N. Suganthan, Wen-Hong Wang, Ya-Min Wang
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2010)

This paper proposes a novel hybrid discrete differential evolution (HDDE) algorithm for solving blocking flow shop scheduling problems to minimize the maximum completion time (i.e. makespan). Firstly, in the algorithm, the individuals are represented as discrete job permutations, and new mutation and crossover operators are developed for this representation, so that the algorithm can directly work in the discrete domain. Secondly, a local search algorithm based on insert neighborhood structure is embedded in the algorithm to balance the exploration and exploitation by enhancing the local searching ability. In addition, a speed-up method to evaluate insert neighborhood is developed to improve the efficiency of the whole algorithm. Computational simulations and comparisons based on the well-known benchmark instances of Taillard [Benchmarks for basic scheduling problems. European Journal of Operational Research 1993;64:278-285], by treating them as blocking flow shop problem instances with makespan criterion, are provided. It is shown that the proposed HDDE algorithm not only generates better results than the existing tabu search (TS) and TS with multi-moves (TS+M) approaches proposed by Grabowski and Pempera [The permutation flow shop problem with blocking. A tabu search approach 2007;35:302-311], but also outperforms the hybrid differential evolution (HDE) algorithm developed by Qian et al. [An effective hybrid DE-based algorithm for multi-objective flow shop scheduling with limited buffers. Computers and operations research 2009;36(1):209-233] in terms of solution quality, robustness and search efficiency. Ultimately, 112 out of 120 best known solutions provided by Grabowski and Pempera [The permutation flow shop problem with blocking. A tabu search approach 2007;35:302-311] and Ronconi [A branch-and-bound algorithm to minimize the makespan in a flowshop problem with blocking. Annals of Operations Research 2005;138(1):53-65] are further improved by the proposed HDDE algorithm.
DRAM power management and energy consumption: a critical assessment
Authors: Daniel Schmidt, Norbert Wehn
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Symposium on Integrated Circuits and System Design: Chip on the Dunes (2009)

Energy efficiency is key in embedded systems design. Besides the CPU, DRAM has been identified as one of the main contributors to energy consumption in such devices. Modern DRAMs also offer low power states to adapt to varying workload and increase energy efficency. A number of studies have investigated different DRAM energy management strategies and propose a very aggressive use of low power states. The weakness of all of these studies is the underlying power model which does not account for transition overheads, and the lack of experimental evidence. We implemented a hardware controlled DRAM power management unit in an XScale based evaluation board and accurately measured the effects on runtime and power consumption. We observed that aggressive power management will even increase the average power consumption, due to the fact that all JEDEC compatible DRAMs execute a refresh when entering the power saving SREF-mode. This is not reflected in current, published power models. Thus, they dramatically overestimate the effectiveness of using low power states. We developed a new model for accurate timing and energy simulation of the observed effects. This model is integrated into the XEEMU XScale Energy Emulator.
Remote Sensing Image Fusion Based on Wavelet Techniques
Authors: Yuan Qi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia-Pacific Conference on Information Processing - Volume 02 (2009)

There is incompatibility between spatial characteristic enhancement and spectral information preservation in remote sensing image fusion. We propose an image fusion algorithm to reduce this incompatibility. It is based on Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) and regularization in wavelet domain. For the high-resolution intensity image, the proposed approach assumes a wavelet domain local Gaussian model as prior distribution of the spectral characteristic, an Symmetric Conditional Markov(SCM) model as prior distribution of the spatial correlation, whose parameters are learnt from the analysis of the corresponding Pan wavelet coefficients. The constrained optimization problem is solved with the gradient descent algorithm. Visual and statistical results obtained by using Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the spatial characteristic while preserving the spectral information effectively
CSO++ broadening computer science at the entry level: linguistics, computer science, and the semantic web
Authors: Judith Bayard Cushing, Rachel Hastings, Brian L. Walter
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2009)

Given declining enrollments in computing, increasing workforce needs for graduates, and changes in the computing education needed in the future, the National Science Foundation launched the Integrated Computing Education and Research (ICER) effort in 2005--6, which resulted in suggestions on how to increase enrollments and improve undergraduate computer science education. These included: multiple entry points to the major, better presentation of computing careers, interdisciplinary courses and projects, and innovative approaches to minors. This paper describes a quarter-long full-time interdisciplinary program for entry-level linguistics and computer science students and entry-level or advanced language students designed to broaden the current curriculum in response to NSF ICER suggestions. The program met several strategic NSFICER directions. Aimed primarily at freshmen and sophomores, the program integrated entry level studies of computer science and linguistics and offered students synthesis opportunities: 1) weekly case studies lab and term project and 2) a lecture and seminar series. This paper describes that program, and suggests how the curricular design and materials could be exported to other institutions as linked courses or an interdisciplinary case study.
Novel and Generalized Sort-Based Transform for Lossless Data Compression
Authors: Kazumasa Inagaki, Yoshihiro Tomizawa, Hidetoshi Yokoo
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval (2009)

We propose a new sort-based transform for lossless data compression that can replace the BWT transform in the block-sorting data compression algorithm. The proposed transform is a parametric generalization of the BWT and the RadixZip transform proposed by Vo and Manku (VLDB, 2008), which is a rather new variation of the BWT. For a class of parameters, the transform can be performed in time linear in the data length. We give an asymptotic compression bound attained by our algorithm.
The Analysis of Knowledge Management's Functions in E- Commerce Implementation
Authors: Zhu Mingqiang, Zou Zuxu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 01 (2009)

With the recent emergence of business being conducted over the Internet，companies are inevitably using information technology to cut costs increase productivity reduce the time required to develop new products harness the collective expertise of their employees, and create an extended enterprise by forging closer relationships with their customers suppliers distributors and partners in order to remain competitive. In most companies, knowledge management and e-commerce initiatives have been dealt with independently. This paper introduces a relationship between knowledge management and e- commerce. Looking at how e-commerce can be optimized in a company with knowledge management.
A review of credibilistic portfolio selection
Authors: Xiaoxia Huang
Venue: Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making (2009)

This paper reviews the credibilistic portfolio selection approaches which deal with fuzzy portfolio selection problem based on credibility measure. The reason for choosing credibility measure is given. Several mathematical definitions of risk of an investment in the portfolio are introduced. Some credibilistic portfolio selection models are presented, including mean-risk model, mean-variance model, mean-semivariance model, credibility maximization model, ¿-return maximization model, entropy optimization model and game models. A hybrid intelligent algorithm for solving the optimization models is documented. In addition, as extensions of credibilistic portfolio selection approaches, the paper also gives a brief review of some hybrid portfolio selection models.
Modelling of an arch dam by polynomial interpolation
Authors: A. H. Delgado, L. Márquez
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2009)

Polynomial curves controlled by points as well as by the tangents in them allow for a great margin of freedom, far from the conditions implied by the use of conventional curves, in the design of free-form curves. The lofting technique, in turn, permits us to generate surfaces that include a series of given curves. The algorithms propitiated to generate these curves and surfaces are very suitable for the geometric design of the arch dam, since they provide for a design of the curves forming the horizontal arches in which the dam can conceivably be divided taking into account, besides, the angle among the tangents to the arch at its ends as well as the hillsides of the closed arch. Once these curves are designed, the facings of a dam can be generated as the surfaces involving both series of previous curves. This paper presents the geometric calculations behind the generation of both surfaces and their computerized processing, in addition to a practical example of the use of the proposed methodology.
Energy efficient walking with central pattern generators: from passive dynamic walking to biologically inspired control
Authors: B. W. Verdaasdonk, H. F. J. M. Koopman, F. C. T. van der Helm
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2009)

Like human walking, passive dynamic walking&#x2014;i.e. walking down a slope with no actuation except gravity&#x2014;is energy efficient by exploiting the natural dynamics. In the animal world, neural oscillators termed central pattern generators (CPGs) provide the basic rhythm for muscular activity in locomotion. We present a CPG model, which automatically tunes into the resonance frequency of the passive dynamics of a bipedal walker, i.e. the CPG model exhibits resonance tuning behavior. Each leg is coupled to its own CPG, controlling the hip moment of force. Resonance tuning above the endogenous frequency of the CPG&#x2014;i.e. the CPG&#x2019;s eigenfrequency&#x2014;is achieved by feedback of both limb angles to their corresponding CPG, while integration of the limb angles provides resonance tuning at and below the endogenous frequency of the CPG. Feedback of the angular velocity of both limbs to their corresponding CPG compensates for the time delay in the loop coupling each limb to its CPG. The resonance tuning behavior of the CPG model allows the gait velocity to be controlled by a single parameter, while retaining the energy efficiency of passive dynamic walking.
Discrete approximation by variational vector splines for noisy data
Authors: A. Kouibia, M. Pasadas
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2009)

We deal with the problem of constructing and/or approximating some curves and surfaces from a noisy data set. The main objective here is to adapt the theory of the discrete smoothing variational splines [A. Kouibia, M. Pasadas, Approximation by discrete variational splines, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 116 (2000) 145-156] to the noisy data case. The problem is formulated and a result of almost sure convergence is established.
Neural Network Identification Method Applied to the Nonlinear System
Authors: Bo Liu, Huiguang Li, Tihua Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 04 (2009)

A kind of neural network solution method has been proposed in the paper aiming at a class of non-linear process control system with the characteristic of time delay. In this scheme, a new-type associative memory neural network is used to model the controlled system, and the fuzzy neural network with inverse identification structure is adopted to control the nonlinear process system. This fuzzy neural network control method adopts the structure of three layers combine neural network identifier with inverse structure. Computer simulation and lab application show that it is effective to adopt this scheme to control on-linear process system with time delay.
Heterogeneous Logical Environments for Distributed Specifications
Authors: Till Mossakowski, Andrzej Tarlecki
Venue: Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 19th International Workshop, WADT 2008, Pisa, Italy, June 13-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

We use the theory of institutions to capture the concept of a heterogeneous logical environment as a number of institutions linked by institution morphisms and comorphisms. We discuss heterogeneous specifications built in such environments, with inter-institutional specification morphisms based on both institution morphisms and comorphisms. We distinguish three kinds of heterogeneity: (1) specifications in logical environments with universal logic (2) heterogeneous specifications focused at a particular logic, and (3) heterogeneous specifications distributed over a number of logics.
Recurrence relations for bivariate t and extended skew-t distributions and an application to order statistics from bivariate t
Authors: A. Jamalizadeh, Y. Mehrali, N. Balakrishnan
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2009)

In this paper, we derive recurrence relations for cumulative distribution functions (cdf's) of bivariate t and extended skew-t distributions. These recurrence relations are over @n (the degrees of freedom), and starting from the known results for @n=1 and @n=2, they will allow for the recursive evaluation of the distribution function for any other positive integral value of @n. Then, we consider a linear combination of order statistics from a bivariate t distribution with an arbitrary mean vector and show that its cdf is a mixture of cdf's of the extended skew-t distributions. This mixture form, along with the explicit expressions of the cdf's of the extended skew-t distributions, enables us to derive explicit expressions for the cdf of the linear combination for any positive integral value of @n.
Analysis and Evaluation for Pollution Source of Xiquanyan Reservoir Eutrophication
Authors: Lin Zhang, Xinran Peng, Shuang Kang, Ying Zhang, Xiaohui Liu, Hongchen Su
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 03 (2009)

Various types of pollution source were evaluated in this paper through investigation and analysis in the watershed of Xiquanyan reservoir in recent years. Provide scientific and effective reference and technical support in preventing eutrophication of Xiquanyan reservoir and implementing protection and management decisions by government. Calculation and analysis showed the conclusions: Farmland non-point source is the main artificial controllable source of Xiquanyan reservoir eutrophication; Most index of water quality of Xiquanyan have met the Ⅱ standard of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB3838-2002. TN, TP and CODMn are main pollutants of Xiquanyan reservoir and always exceeds standard of which average over standard is 1.65, 2.36 and 0.47 times, respectively. Average over standard of CODCr and BOD5 is 0.26 and 0.05 times, respectively. Water quality is better generally.
The Simultaneous Removal of DOC and Ammonia Nitrogen from Surface Water by Hybrid Process
Authors: Yong-Wei Jin, Ya-Mei Dong, Zhen-Jia Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

The performance of pilot scale hybrid process of fluidized biofilm process, chemical coagulation and ultrafiltration system for surface water treatment was studied. In order to remove ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and DOC efficiently, fluidized biofilm process with entrapped nitrifying bacteria pellets and powder activated carbon was applied to the hybrid process. FeCl3•6H2O and 7 mg (Fe)/l were determined as optimal chemical coagulation condition at pilot scale treatment. NH4+-N concentration in the produced water was less than 0.5mg/l at the overall combined process. DOC, UV254 and THMFP removals of 59.0%, 59.8% and 67.7% were also achieved by the overall hybrid process. Fluidized biofilm process contributed 93% NH4+-N removal and 10% DOC removal. This combined process was highly competitive in comparison to conventional treatment for surface water in NH4+-N and DOC removal.