ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A new MAC protocol design for long-term applications in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yunhuai Liu, Lionel M. Ni
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a new MAC protocol, called A-MAC, for wireless sensor networks. A-MAC combines the strengths of TDMA and CSMA to achieve the goal of low power transmissions for long-term surveillance and monitoring applications, where sensor nodes are typically vigilant for a long time and inactive most of the time until some event is detected. A-MAC employs an advertisement mechanism to eliminate collisions and reduce the overhearing and idle listening, which are the major energy wastes in wireless sensor networks. The distinctive feature of A-MAC is that a node needs to be active only when necessary as it is the transmitter or the receiver. During other times it can safely turn off its radio. Furthermore, to meet different application requirements, A-MAC supports two operation modes by which nodes can adaptively switch their operation modes according to the instant requirements and conditions of the network. A-MAC is implemented in TinyOS. By comparing A-MAC with existing MAC protocols, we show that A-MAC presents significant improvements in terms of power consumption and throughput.
Intrusion Techniques: Comparative Study of Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Moses Garuba, Chunmei Liu, Duane Fraites
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

Organizations require security systems that are flexible and adaptable in order to combat increasing threats from software vulnerabilities, virus attacks and other malicious code, in addition to internal attacks. Network intrusion detection systems, which are part of the layered defense scheme, must be able to meet these organizational objectives in order to be effective. Although signature based network intrusion detection systems meet several organizational security objectives, heuristic based network intrusion detection systems are able to fully meet the objectives of the organization. Through a comparative theoretical study, this paper analyzes several organizational security objectives in order to determine the network intrusion detection system that effectively meets these objectives. Through conclusive analysis of the study, heuristic based systems are better served to meet the organizational objectives than signature based systems. The analysis was based on which system provided definitive security objectives and offered the flexibility, adaptability, and reduced vulnerability that an organization requires.
A Built-in Test and Characterization Method for Circuit Marginality Related Failures
Authors: Alodeep Sanyal, Sandip Kundu
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Quality Electronic Design (2008)

With the advent of ultra deep-submicron (UDSM) regime of integrated circuits, the issues with circuit marginality related transient failures are on the rise. An example of such failures is the thermal hotspot-induced ones, which are common when a particular functional unit experiences high switching activity for a considerable duration. In this paper, we propose an on-line hotspot-induced transient failure testing scheme using the built-in self-test (BIST)-based approach which accurately distinguishes such a transient failure from a hard fail and greatly reduces the test cost by dissociating a tester from the test process. We apply the principle of Fmax testing based on frequency shmoo to obtain the maximum safe operating frequency for individual functional units in a chip. We also propose a DFT scheme to characterize the impact of a “hot” unit on its neighborhood and also the influence of a “hot” neighborhood on an otherwise “cold” unit in the reverse way. Thus the proposed architecture extends the capability of the conventional BIST to test a certain class of circuit marginality related transient failures with a very low hardware overhead.
Synchronization is Coming Back, But is it the Same?
Authors: Michel Raynal
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (2008)

This invited talk surveys notions related to synchronization in presence of asynchrony and failures. To the author's knowledge, there is currently no textbook in which these notions are pieced together, unified, and presented in a homogeneous way. This talk (that pretends to be neither exhaustive, nor objective) is only a first endeavor in that direction. The notions that are presented and discussed are listed in the keyword list.
IP Address Passing for VANETs
Authors: Todd Arnold, Wyatt Lloyd, Jing Zhao, Guohong Cao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2008)

In Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), vehicles cangain short connections to the Internet by using wireless accesspoints (AP). A significant part of the connection time isthe time required for acquiring an IP address via DynamicHost Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Depending on a vehicle’sspeed and the AP coverage area, DHCP can consumeup to 100 percent of a vehicle’s available connectiontime. We propose the IP Passing Protocol to reducethe overhead of obtaining an IP address to under one-tenthof a second. This is done without modifying either DHCPor AP software. We explore scalable implementations anddescribe the dynamics of the IP Passing Protocol. We alsoshow our protocol will significantly improve efficiency, reducelatency, and increase vehicle connectivity.
LORM: Supporting low-overhead P2P-based range-query and multi-attribute resource management in grids
Authors: Haiying (Helen) Shen, Amy Apon, Cheng-Zhong Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

Resource management is critical to the usability and accessiblity of grid computing systems. Conventional approaches to grid resource discovery are either centralized or hierarchical, and these prove to be inefficient as the size of the grid system increases. The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) paradigm has been applied to grid systems as a mechanism for providing scalable range-query and multi-attribute resource management. However, most current P2P-based resource management approaches support multi-attribute range queries at a high cost. They either depend on multiple P2P networks with each P2P network responsible for a single attribute, or they keep the resource information of all attributes in a single node. This paper presents a low-overhead range-query multi-attribute P2P-based resource management approach, LORM. Unlike other P2P-based approaches, it relies on a single P2P network and allocates resource information to different nodes based on resource attributes and values. Moreover, it has high capability to handle the large-scale and dynamic characteristics of resources in grids. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of LORM in comparison with other resource management approaches in terms of resource management overhead and resource discovery efficiency.
Evolution of Agent, Remotely Operating a Scale Model of a Car Through a Latent Video Feedback
Authors: Ivan Tanev, Katsunori Shimohara
Venue: Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (2008)

We present an evolution of an agent, remotely operating a fast running scale model of a car. The agent perceives the environment from overhead video camera and conveys its actions via radio control transmitter. In order to cope with the video feed latency we propose an anticipatory modeling in which the agent considers its actions based on the anticipated state of the car. The agent is first evolved offline on a software simulator and then adapted online to the real world. During the online evolution, the lap times improve to the values much close to the values obtained from the offline evolution. An online evolutionary optimization of the avoidance of a small static obstacle with a priori known properties results in lap times that are virtually the same as the best lap times achieved on the same track without obstacles. This work can be viewed as a step towards the automated design of controllers of remotely operated vehicles capable to find an optimal solution to various tasks in a priori known environments.
Sensitivity analysis of solution mappings of parametric vector quasi-equilibrium problems
Authors: Kenji Kimura, Jen-Chih Yao
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2008)

In this article, we study the parametric vector quasi-equilibrium problem (PVQEP). We investigate existence of solution for PVQEP and continuities of the solution mappings of PVQEP. In particular, results concerning the lower semicontinuity of the solution mapping of PVQEP are presented.
Go green, save green with Linux
Authors: James Gray
Venue: Linux Journal (2008)

Linux offers you ways to go green and save some green at the same time.
Rapid damage assessment of built-up structures using VHR satellite data in tsunami-affected areas
Authors: M. Pesaresi, A. Gerhardinger, F. Haag
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

This paper discusses a general methodology for post-tsunami damage assessment and an automatic procedure able to distinguish between different kinds of damage on built-up structures using very-high-resolution satellite data. The procedure for automatic detection of damaged built-up structures was designed using a multi-criteria approach fusing radiometric, textural, and morphological image features related to pre-and post-disaster data detection. The proposed procedure shows good performance with an estimated overall accuracy equal to 93.97%. The best performances are estimated in the discrimination between non-flooded and flooded built-up structures and in the recognition of collapsed built-up structures with debris in place. Problems of omission error were detected in the recognition of collapsed built-up structures without debris in place as in the case of completed erased built-up structures situated close to the shoreline.
In search of the elusive ground truth: the internet's as-level connectivity structure
Authors: Ricardo V. Oliveira, Dan Pei, Walter Willinger, Beichuan Zhang, Lixia Zhang
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (2008)

Despite significant efforts to obtain an accurate picture of the Internet's actual connectivity structure at the level of individual autonomous systems (ASes), much has remained unknown in terms of the quality of the inferred AS maps that have been widely used by the research community. In this paper we assess the quality of the inferred Internet maps through case studies of a set of ASes. These case studies allow us to establish the ground truth of AS-level Internet connectivity between the set of ASes and their directly connected neighbors. They also enable a direct comparison between the ground truth and inferred topology maps and yield new insights into questions such as which parts of the actual topology are adequately captured by the inferred maps, and which parts are missing and why. This information is critical in assessing for what kinds of real-world networking problems the use of currently inferred AS maps or proposed AS topology models are, or are not, appropriate. More importantly, our newly gained insights also point to new directions towards building realistic and economically viable Internet topology maps.
Broad band U-shaped PlFA with dual band capability for Bluetooth and WLAN applications
Authors: Hala Elsadek, Dalia Nashaat, Hani Ghali
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications (2004)

Nowadays, in modern mobile and wireless communication systems, there is an increased demand for compact, wide bandwidth and low-cost antennas with dual band capability. In this paper, two shapes for a low cost reduced size PIFA with wide bandwidth are investigated. The antenna substrate is from a cheap foam material with εr=1.07. The antenna is fed by single coaxial feed. Size reduction is achieved by cutting U-shaped slot on the radiating surface of the PIF A structure. The antenna size becomes (0.22 λ × 0.18 λ). Wide bandwidth is reached by making the U-shaped slot with two unequal arms. Moreover, dual operating frequencies are achieved by cutting either L-shaped or U-shaped slits on the coupled feeding part of the radiating surface. The antenna resonates in Bluetooth ISM band at 2.4 GHz as well as in WLAN band at 5.2GHz. The bandwidths are about 31% and 7.5% for the lower and upper bands, respectively. The proposed antenna is simple in structure compared to regular stacked or coplanar parasitic patch antennas that, makes it suitable for most mobile communication applications.
Anytime similarity measures for faster alignment
Authors: Rupert Brooks, Tal Arbel, Doina Precup
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2008)

Image alignment refers to finding the best transformation from a fixed reference image to a new image of a scene. This process is often optimizing a similarity measure between images, computed based on the image data. However, in time-critical applications state-of-the-art methods for computing similarity are too slow. Instead of using all the image data to compute similarity, one could use only a subset of pixels to improve the speed, but often this comes at the cost of reduced accuracy. These kinds of tradeoffs between the amount of computation and the accuracy of the result have been addressed in the field of real-time artificial intelligence as deliberation control problems. We propose that the optimization of a similarity measure is a natural application domain for deliberation control using the anytime algorithm framework. In this paper, we present anytime versions for the computation of two common image similarity measures: mean squared difference and mutual information. Off-line, we learn a performance profile specific to each measure, which is then used on-line to select the appropriate amount of pixels to process at each optimization step. When tested against existing techniques, our method achieves comparable quality and robustness with significantly less computation.
Cognitive dimensions questionnaire applied to exploratory algorithm design
Authors: Chris J. Martin, Janet M. Hughes
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2008)

In software engineering, the stage between problem realization and implementation of a solution is not well supported by technology. It is common to see work being carried out on paper or whiteboards. This paper documents a pilot study to identify some reasons as to why paper and whiteboards are useful tools in early exploratory design and exposes some questions about where technology may fit in augmenting this stage of software engineering. The cognitive dimensions questionnaire was used to investigate notations and devices used in exploratory algorithm design.
Effects of technological change on the skills and competencies of software development professionals: a case study on the transition from ABAP to JAVA
Authors: Guido Capaldo, Pierluigi Rippa, Valerio Teta
Venue: International Journal of Information Technology and Management (2008)

This paper deals with the organisational implications related to the adoption of new technologies in software development activities. Transition from traditional heavyweight approach, based on a carefully documented planning of the activities, to agile approach, based on object-oriented activities, requires process reengineering in software development. This case study outlines the need to develop a new professional area, software design and a new professional role, the designer. The strategy adopted by the firm under the investigation in the framework of this case study shows how top management reacted to this stage of transition and how the need for a new role was met.
Classification of hazelnut kernels by using impact acoustic time-frequency patterns
Authors: Habil Kalkan, Nuri Firat Ince, Ahmed H. Tewfik, Yasemin Yardimci, Tom Pearson
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2008)

Hazelnuts with damaged or cracked shells are more prone to infection with aflatoxin producing molds (Aspergillus flavus). These molds can cause cancer. In this study, we introduce a new approach that separates damaged/cracked hazelnut kernels from good ones by using time-frequency features obtained from impact acoustic signals. The proposed technique requires no prior knowledge of the relevant time and frequency locations. In an offline step, the algorithm adaptively segments impact signals from a training data set in time using local cosine packet analysis and a Kullback-Leibler criterion to assess the discrimination power of different segmentations. In each resulting time segment, the signal is further decomposed into subbands using an undecimated wavelet transform. The most discriminative subbands are selected according to the Euclidean distance between the cumulative probability distributions of the corresponding subband coefficients. The most discriminative subbands are fed into a linear discriminant analysis classifier. In the online classification step, the algorithm simply computes the learned features from the observed signal and feeds them to the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier. The algorithm achieved a throughput rate of 45 nuts/s and a classification accuracy of 96% with the 30 most discriminative features, a higher rate than those provided with prior methods.
Trees with m-matchings and the fourth and fifth minimal Hosoya index
Authors: Chengfu Ye, Jianfeng Wang
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

We study the Hosoya index of trees with m-matchings and characterize the trees with m-matchings and the fourth and fifth minimal Hosoya index respectively.
The Ontology Relation Extraction for Semantic Web Annotation
Authors: Dong Li, Linpeng Huan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2008)

The idea of the Semantic Web (SW) is based on meta-data and the future usage scenarios of the SW assume the availability of meta-data needed by agents and computer programs to perform sophisticated tasks. We have proposed an architecture needed to generate meta-data for the SW. Our proposed architecture is designed to generate meta-data from HTML Web Pages from the domain of our interest. The domain model is represented by using domain ontology. The focus of the paper is to investigate the automatic generation of meta-data for the SW by relation extraction techniques.Our assumption is that any two web pages that have some kind of relationship must be connected by a link or a path. Our algorithm exploits the link structure of web using breadth first search for relation extraction. Relation extraction results show that hyper-link structure of the Web can be used for relation extraction.
The role of abstraction in software engineering
Authors: Orit Hazzan, Jeff Kramer
Venue: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering (2008)

This workshop focuses on the concept of abstraction in software engineering. The aim is to explore the role of abstraction in dealing with complexity in the software engineering process, to discuss how the use of different levels of abstraction may facilitate performance of different activities, and to examine whether abstraction skills can be taught.
How to generate ordered maps by maximizing the mutual information between input and output signals
Authors: Ralph Linsker
Venue: Neural Computation (1989)

A learning rule that performs gradient ascent in the average mutual information between input and an output signal is derived for a system having feedforward and lateral interactions. Several processes emerge as components of this learning rule: Hebb-like modification, and cooperation and competition among processing nodes. Topographic map formation is demonstrated using the learning rule. An analytic expression relating the average mutual information to the response properties of nodes and their geometric arrangement is derived in certain cases. This yields a relation between the local map magnification factor and the probability distribution in the input space. The results provide new links between unsupervised learning and information-theoretic optimization in a system whose properties are biologically motivated.
A Research Trilogy into E-Commerce Adoption in Small Businesses in New Zealand
Authors: Nabeel Al-Qirim
Venue: Electronic Markets (2007)

This research trilogy about e-commerce (EC) adoption in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in New Zealand (NZ) started with a survey research, followed by an initial focus group (FG) research and concluded with a second FG in order to fill some of the gaps in the first FG and to add more insights into the EC phenomenon in NZ SMEs. In this research, nine factors were identified from the technological innovation literature as potential determinants of EC adoption in SMEs. The research findings highlighted three main issues pertaining to EC adoption in NZ SMEs. First, at the 'low level' of adoption such as adopting simple email and Web pages, none of the research factors seemed to strongly influence the adoption decision of EC as such. This finding highlighted the importance of the communication aspect of EC and of having a presence in cyberspace even if it was a simple one. Second, the majority of the NZ SMEs perceived to progress these simple EC initiatives in the long-term projections only. They called such initiatives as 'advanced levels of EC' where they envisaged adopting fully functional and interactive websites. At this level of adoption, the participants started to raise the importance of the different factors to their adoption decision of EC. However, this was contrasted by the fact that the participants stressed that they would not risk investing their scant resources on perceived risky advanced EC initiatives. The last point pertains to the SMEs that adopted different EC technologies 'high adopters' such as websites, Intranet and Extranet technologies. This category retained a positive view about EC and indicated that non-adopters of EC and 'low level' adopters should not be deterred from adopting EC and that all their fears were mere misperceptions. The overall results indicated that EC adoption and use among NZ SMEs was limited. The research highlights professional and theoretical significance and implications.
A Measurement-Assisted, Model-Based Admission Control Algorithm for IEEE 802.11e
Authors: Brahim Bensaou, Zhen Ning Kong, Danny H. K. Tsang
Venue: Proceedings of the The International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks (2008)

The Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is designed to provide differentiated services without real performance guarantees such as hard bandwidth and delay bounds in the IEEE 802.11e based wireless LANs. In this paper we design a measurement-assisted, model-based call admission control (MM-CAC) scheme to support guaranteed QoS in the EDCA. For this purpose, we first develop a novel analytical model of the legacy IEEE 802.11 DCF under non-saturation conditions; then using this model, we define the concept of equivalent number of competing entities, to convert a heterogeneous (multi-class) EDCA network into an equivalent homogeneous network. Our analytical model is then invoked to decide to admit a new flow or reject it with much little computationalcomplexity as compared to a fully fledged EDCA model. Numerical results validate our model and analysis, and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our MM-CAC scheme.