ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An 8x8 run-time reconfigurable FPGA embedded in a SoC
Authors: Sumanta Chaudhuri, Sylvain Guilley, Florent Flament, Philippe Hoogvorst, Jean-Luc Danger
Venue: Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference (2008)

This paper presents a RTR FPGA embedded in a System on Chip fabricated in 130nm CMOS process. Various aspects of the design flow, from automation to floor-planning are discussed. We explain the measures taken in the FPGA design to guarantee RTR functionality free of electrical conflicts, and we present a flow based on Altera synthesis tools to implement IPs(Hardware Blocks) in this FPGA. We demonstrate the full functionality with experiments on the FPGA, and as conclusion we highlight the limitations and future research directions.
Single Droplet Evaporation Model in Laser Treatment of PWS in Conjunction with Cryogen Spray Cooling
Authors: Zhi-fu Zhou, Hui Xin, Bin Chen, Guo-xiang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 01 (2008)

Cryogen spray is an effective cooling technique used for laser treatment of Port Wine Stain. The cooling process involves complex droplet evaporation and strong convective heat and mass transfer, therefore a deep understanding of spray characteristics is essential in order to optimize the nozzle design and improve the cooling efficiency of the spray. This paper presents a theoretical model to describe the equilibrium evaporation process of a single cryogen droplet in cryogen spray. The model considers mass transfer through Mass Transfer Number Method, the momentum transfer by selecting the suitable empirical correlation of drag coefficient, and heat transfer by taking into consideration of droplet evaporation and convective effect with ambient air. The influence of variable physical properties of R134a is also considered. Based on the validation by simulating the cooling stage of a hanging water droplet, this model is used to predict the temperature variation of cryogen droplets in cryogen spray, which is in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements. A parametric study of the influences of initial diameter and velocity on the droplet evaporation is then carried out. The results can be used to guide the Cryogen Spray Cooling of laser therapy.
Automated Spyware Detection Using End User License Agreements
Authors: Martin Boldt, Andreas Jacobsson, Niklas Lavesson, Paul Davidsson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

The amount of spyware increases rapidly over the Internet and it is usually hard for the average user to know if a software application hosts spyware. This paper investigates the hypothesis that it is possible to detect from the End User License Agreement (EULA) whether its associated software hosts spyware or not. We generated a data set by collecting 100 applications with EULAs and classifying each EULA as either good or bad. An experiment was conducted, in which 15 popular default-configured mining algorithms were applied on the EULA data set. The results show that 13 algorithms are significantly better than random guessing, thus we conclude that the hypothesis can be accepted. Moreover, 2 algorithms also perform significantly better than the current state-of-the-art EULA analysis method. Based on these results, we present a novel tool that can be used to prevent the installation of spyware.
Research and trends in the field of e-learning from 2001 to 2005: A content analysis of cognitive studies in selected journals
Authors: Meilun Shih, Jui Feng, Chin-Chung Tsai
Venue: Computers Education (2008)

This paper provided a content analysis of studies in the field of cognition in e-learning that were published in five Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) journals (i.e. Computers and Education, British Journal of Educational Technology, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, Educational Technology Research &Development, and Journal of Computer Assisted Learning) from 2001 to 2005. Among the 1027 articles published in these journals from 2001 to 2005, 444 articles were identified as being related to the topic of cognition in e-learning. These articles were cross analyzed by published years, journal, research topic, and citation count. Furthermore, 16 highly-cited articles across different topics were chosen for further analysis according to their research settings, participants, research design types, and research methods. It was found from the analysis of the 444 articles that ''Instructional Approaches,'' ''Learning Environment,'' and ''Metacognition'' were the three most popular research topics, but the analysis of the citation counts suggested that the studies related to ''Instructional Approaches,'' ''Information Processing'' and ''Motivation'' might have a greater impact on subsequent research. Although the use of questionnaires might still be the main method of gathering research data in e-learning cognitive studies, a clear trend was observed that more and more studies were utilizing learners' log files or online messages as data sources for analysis. The results of the analysis provided insights for educators and researchers into research trends and patterns of cognition in e-learning.
Performance Comparison of ISATAP Implementations on FreeBSD, RedHat, and Windows 2003
Authors: Vasaka Visoottiviseth, Niwat Bureenok
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

The Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) is one of the transition mechanisms used for gradually IPv6 migration. Since many ISATAP implementations exist, to answer which one is the most preferable, we experimentally deploy IPv6 testbeds and compare the performance of ISATAP implementations on three popular operating systems including Windows 2003, FreeBSD 5.3 with KAME IPv6 protocol stack, and RedHat 9.0 with USAGI IPv6 protocol stacks. We also compare the performance of IPv4, IPv6, and ISATAP protocols on these operating systems by using iperf program to generate both TCP and UDP traffic with different payload sizes and with different number of packets per second (pps). For each condition, we measure the maximum data throughput and also the maximum number of pps before a router begins dropping packets. Experimental results show that ISATAP implementation on RedHat 9.0 gains better performance than those on FreeBSD 5.3 and Windows 2003, respectively.
Feedback-controlled reliability-aware power management for real-time embedded systems
Authors: Ranjani Sridharan, Nikhil Gupta, Rabi Mahapatra
Venue: Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference (2008)

In recent literature it has been reported that Dynamic Power Management (DPM) may lead to decreased reliability in real-time embedded systems. The ever-shrinking device sizes contribute further to this problem. In this paper, we present a reliability aware power management algorithm that aims at reducing energy consumption while preserving the overall system reliability. The idea behind the proposed scheme is to utilize the dynamic slack to scale down processes while ensuring that the overall system reliability does not reduce drastically. The proposed algorithm employs a proportional feedback controller to keep track of the overall miss ratio of a system of tasks and provide additional level of fault-tolerance based on demand. It was tested with both real-world and synthetic task sets and simulation results have been presented. Both fixed and dynamic priority scheduling policies have been considered for demonstration of results.
The p-step iterative algorithm for a system of generalized mixed quasi-variational inclusions with (A,η)-accretive operators in q-uniformly smooth banach spaces
Authors: Xie Ping Ding, Hai Rong Feng
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

In this paper, we introduce and study a new system of generalized mixed quasi-variational inclusions with (A,@h)-accretive operators in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces. By using the resolvent operator technique associated with (A,@h)-accretive operators, we construct a new p-step iterative algorithm for solving this system of generalized mixed quasi-variational inclusions in real q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We also prove the existence of solutions for the generalized mixed quasi-variational inclusions and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by algorithm. Our results improve and generalize many known corresponding results.
Packet Classification Using Space-Efficient Pipelined Multibit Tries
Authors: Wencheng Lu, Sartaj Sahni
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2008)

We propose heuristics for the construction of variable-stride one-dimensional as well as fixed- and variable-stride two-dimensional multibit tries. These multibit tries are suitable for the classification of Internet packets using a pipelined architecture. The variable-stride one-dimensional tries constructed by our heuristic require significantly less per-stage memory than required by optimal pipelined fixed-stride tries. Also, the pipelined two-dimensional multibit tries constructed by our proposed heuristics are superior, for pipelined architectures, to two-dimensional multibit tries constructed by the best algorithms proposed for non-pipelined architectures.
A piggybacking approach to reduce overhead in sensor network gossiping
Authors: Ercan Ucan, Nathanael Thompson, Indranil Gupta
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Middleware for sensor networks (2007)

Many wireless sensor network protocols are employing gossip-based message dissemination, where nodes probabilistically forward messages, to reduce message overhead. We are concerned with emerging systems in stationary sensor networks that are multiple-source with each message targeted at every recipient, such as query and code propagation. Default gossip-based approaches tend to treat each stream of messages from different senders independently of the others, overloading each node with message overhead summed from all streams. We apply intelligent scheduling strategies for gossip forwarding, effectively piggybacking streams atop one another, to address this significant message overhead. Our problem formulation introduces a new concept called the "semblance graph" used to schedule gossiping based on streams' gossip periods. Two new heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve the semblance graph problem. The performance of these two heuristics is on average within 3.5% of the optimal solution. Simulations show that the piggybacking strategy reduces the message, bandwidth, and energy overhead while still maintaining the original scalability, reliability and latency of the canonical gossip.
Design and fabrication of a Si micromechanical capacitive array for DNA sensing
Authors: V. Tsouti, S. Chatzandroulis, D. Goustouridis, P. Normand, D. Tsoukalas
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

The design considerations and the fabrication process of a single chip capacitive sensor array suitable for chemical and DNA sensing are presented. Each sensor in the array consists of an ultra thin silicon membrane to be covered with receptor DNA. Upon exertion of surface stress, the membrane deflects resulting in a change in device capacitance. Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to evaluate and optimize the response of the sensor. First experimental results on chemical substances are reported.
Determining factors of the use of e-learning environments by university teachers
Authors: Hossein Mahdizadeh, Harm Biemans, Martin Mulder
Venue: Computers Education (2008)

E-learning environments increasingly serve as important infrastructural features of universities that enable teachers to provide students with different representations of knowledge and to enhance interaction between teachers and students and amongst students themselves. This study was designed to identify factors that can explain teachers' use of e-learning environments in higher education. A questionnaire was completed by 178 teachers from a wide variety of departments at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. We found that 43% of the total variance in teacher use of e-learning environments could be explained by their opinions about web-based activities and their opinions about computer-assisted learning (predictors) and the perceived added value of e-learning environments (mediating variable). In other words, teachers' use of e-learning environments can be explained to a high extent by their perceptions of the added value of these environments, which in turn are substantially influenced by their opinions about web-based activities and computer-assisted learning.
Hybrid dynamic thermal management based on statistical characteristics of multimedia applications
Authors: Inchoon Yeo, Eun Jung Kim
Venue: Proceeding of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design (2008)

Recently multimedia applications become one of the most popular applications in mobile devices such as wireless phones, PDAs, and laptops. However, typical mobile systems are not equipped with cooling components, which eventually causes critical thermal deficiencies. Although many low-power and low-temperature multimedia playback techniques have been proposed, they failed to provide QoS (Quality of Service) while controlling temperature due to the lack of proper understanding of multimedia applications. We propose Hybrid Dynamic Thermal Management (HDTM) which exploits thermal characteristics of both multimedia applications and systems. Specifically, we model application characteristics as the probability distribution of the number of cycles required to decode a frame. We also improve existing system thermal models by considering the effect of work-load. This scheme finds an optimal clock frequency in order to prevent overheating with minimal performance degradation at runtime. The proposed scheme is implemented on Linux in a Pentium-M processor which provides variable clock frequencies. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we exploit three major codecs, namely MPEG-4, H.264/AVC and H.264/AVC streaming. Our results show that HDTM lowers the overall temperature by 15°C and the peak temperature by 20°C , while maintaining frame drop ratio under 0.2% compared to previous thermal management schemes such as feedback control DTM [8], Frame-based DTM [5] and GOP-based DTM [15].
Modelling user preferences and configuring services in B3G devices
Authors: Konstantinos P. Demestichas, Artemis A. Koutsorodi, Evgenia F. Adamopoulou, Michael E. Theologou
Venue: Wireless Networks (2008)

This paper discusses a management architecture for devices operating in heterogeneous environments, that enables access network selection through terminal-controlled, preference-based mechanisms. In this domain two problems are identified, mathematically formulated and solved: Intelligent Access Selection (IAS) and Modelling and Adaptation to User Preferences (MAUP). Their objective is to compute the optimal allocation of services to access networks and quality levels, and to dynamically determine user preferences according to the usage context, respectively. A greedy algorithm is proposed for the IAS problem, while the MAUP problem is handled through the construction of a Bayesian network that allows inference and learning of profile and usage patterns. Extensive simulation results of the proposed methods and algorithms are also presented.
Degree bounds for the circumference of 3-connected graphs
Authors: Heinz A. Jung, Elkin Vumar
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2005)

Let C be a longest cycle in the 3-connected graph G and let H be a component of G&thinsp;-&thinsp;V(C) such that |V(H)|&thinsp;&ge;&thinsp;3. We supply estimates of the form |C|&thinsp;&ge;&thinsp;2d(u)&thinsp;+&thinsp;2d(v)&thinsp;-&thinsp;&alpha;(4&thinsp;&le;&thinsp;&alpha;&thinsp;&le;&thinsp;8), where u,v are suitably chosen non-adjacent vertices in G. Also the exceptional classes for &alpha;&thinsp;=&thinsp;6,7,8 are characterized. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Improving the conductivity of platinum-containing nano-structures created by electron-beam-induced deposition
Authors: A. Botman, M. Hesselberth, J. J. L. Mulders
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) allows nano-scale three-dimensional rapid prototyping and is a promising nano-lithography alternative. One application is to write conductive lines at a position chosen by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) operator, for example to create contact electrodes to nano-devices. Therefore the deposited material's resistivity should be as close as possible to the bulk metal resistivity namely 10.62@m@Wcm in the case of platinum, but incorporation of carbon in the deposit resulting from the use of the traditional organometallic precursors negatively impacts conductivity. Firstly, for deposition from the standard organometallic platinum precursor MeCpPtMe"3, we show that for optimal platinum content the beam power density at the substrate surface needs to exceed 10@mW/@mm^2. Secondly, we present a novel post-treatment method for improving the conductivity of these nano-deposits ex-situ: exposure to atomic hydrogen flow. On structures deposited from MeCpPtMe"3, the carbon content decreases from (81+/-2) to (65+/-2)at.% and the resistivity is decreased to (2.2+/-0.7)x10^4@m@Wcm. Thirdly, we present our investigations with a carbon-free platinum precursor, Pt(PF"3)"4, where resistivities of (690+/-30)@m@Wcm were achieved, and furthermore report the dependence of conductivity with substrate temperature during deposition.
Tree embeddings
Authors: P. E. Haxell
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2001)

We give a general theorem on embedding trees in graphs with certain expanding properties. As an application, we show that for r&thinsp;=&thinsp;&lfloor;t-18&rfloor;, any graph with average degree greater than t&thinsp;-&thinsp;1 that does not contain a copy of K2,r contains every tree with t edges as a subgraph. &copy; 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 36: 121&ndash;130, 2001
Currents in modern photovoltaic hetero-structures: a review
Authors: Argyrios C. Varonides
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circuits (2005)

Recent developments in the field of quantum photovoltaic devices, in both theoretical and experimental level have shown strengths and weaknesses of such devices, as far as improvements of transport properties and collection efficiencies are concerned. We need a better understanding in all aspects of the physics of suppressed dimensionality devices, if real progress for more efficient devices is to be expected. In this communication we review the situation in terms of three current components in solar nanostructures: (a) thermionic currents (b) tunneling currents and (c) hopping currents. All three current components are likely to occur when optical devices (especially solar cells) are under illumination. We review the advantages and shortcomings of these and pointy out the optimum conditions for their maximization.
Methodology for Evaluating Information Security Countermeasures of a System
Authors: Takaaki Shigematsu, Bin-Hui Chou, Yoshiaki Hori, Kouichi Sakurai
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

For leveraging the security level of the systems, it is required to develop an effective and practical methodology for evaluating the adequacy of the designed and/or implemented security countermeasures for a system. We propose a model as a one of the methodologies for evaluating security countermeasures which does not depend on the characteristics of a target system shown by the supporting businesses or the system configuration or the scale. This model consists of required security countermeasures that are well arranged for easy implementing, and required technologies and activities for achieving a target level for every required countermeasures.
Prediction of R5, X4, and R5X4 HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage with Evolved Neural Networks
Authors: Susanna L. Lamers, Marco Salemi, Michael S. McGrath, Gary B. Fogel
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB) (2008)

The HIV-1 genome is highly heterogeneous. This variation affords the virus a wide range of molecular properties, including the ability to infect cell types, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, expressing different chemokine receptors on the cell surface. In particular, R5 HIV-1 viruses use CCR5 as co-receptor for viral entry, X4 viruses use CXCR4, whereas some viral strains, known as R5X4 or D-tropic, have the ability to utilize both co-receptors. X4 and R5X4 viruses are associated with rapid disease progression to AIDS. R5X4 viruses differ in that they have yet to be characterized by the examination of the genetic sequence of HIV-1 alone. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to evaluate different strategies of feature selection and neural network optimization. We demonstrate the use of artificial neural networks trained via evolutionary computation to predict viral co-receptor usage. The results indicate identification of R5X4 viruses with predictive accuracy of 75.5%.
Distance perception in virtual environments
Authors: Betsy Williams, Derek Johnson, Lucy Shores, Gayathri Narasimham
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization (2008)

Virtual environments provide people with the opportunity to experience places and situations remote from their actual physical surroundings. However, we cannot expect spatial representation in virtual environments to be as accurate as spatial representation in physical environments. One reason for this is that perceived distance is systematically underestimated in virtual environments. The precise reasons for this are unknown. This work uses the bisection method shown in Bodenheimer et al. [2007] to study the perceived distance in virtual environments. In the virtual environment, distance bisection involves subjects adjusting an avatar using a joystick until they feel that the avatar bisects the distance between themselves and a target avatar. Bodenheimer et al. [2007] examine errors resulting from judging the bisection at 15m and 30m. We examine errors resulting from judging the bisection from five different distances: 3m, 7.5m, 15m, 22.5m, and 30m. We observe a linear relationship between the amount of foreshortening in judging the midpoint and distance. Additionally, perceiving a virtual representation of one's self in the virtual environment makes subjects significantly more accurate at judging the midpoint at 3m. However, for distances greater than 7.5m we find that asking people to use their virtual representation to judge the bisection leads to a significant increase in the amount of foreshortening.
Handwritten Signature Authentication Using Statistical Estimation
Authors: Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay, Debnath Bhattacharyya, Poulami Das, Deepsikha Debnath
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2008)

In this paper we propose a new Handwritten Signature Authentication Scheme. The scheme consists of two main Rule Set Algorithms and one Authentication Algorithm. The Algorithms are based on extensive statistical analysis, Mean Variance and Theory of Estimation. This is an extension work of Handwritten Signature Identification. This scheme supports the application environment and we strongly believe that “User Authentication” could be a solid platform for future research and study.