ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Early Work on Computers at Bletchley
Authors: I. J. Good
Venue: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (1979)

Pioneering work on computers was carried out at Bletchley, England, during World War II, for the cryptanalysis of the messages enciphered on the German cryptographic machines, the Enigma and the Geheimschreiber. The work is discussed and thumbnail sketches of some of the people involved are included. The account is written in an autobiographical spirit, but some references to other sources are given.
Maintaining Consistent Transactional States without a Global Clock
Authors: Hillel Avni, Nir Shavit
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international colloquium on Structural Information and Communication Complexity (2008)

A crucial property required from software transactional memory systems (STMs) is that transactions, even ones that will eventually abort, will operate on consistent states. The only known technique for providing this property is through the introduction of a globally shared version clock whose values are used to tag memory locations. Unfortunately, the need for a shared clock moves STM designs from being completely decentralized back to using centralized global information.This paper presents TLC, the first thread-local clock mechanism for allowing transactions to operate on consistent states. TLC is the proof that one can devise coherent-state STM systems without a global clock.A set of early benchmarks presented here within the context of the TL2 STM algorithm, shows that TLC's thread-local clocks perform as well as a global clock on small scale machines. Of course, the big promise of the TLC approach is in providing a decentralized solution for future large scale machines, ones with hundreds of cores. On such machines, a globally coherent clock based solution is most likely infeasible, and TLC promises a way for transactions to operate consistently in a distributed fashion.
Flow Field around Growing and Rising Vapour Bubble by PIV Measurement
Authors: J. T. Cieslinski, J. Polewski, J. A. Szymczyk
Venue: Journal of Visualization (2005)

A study on flow field measurement around growing and rising vapour bubbles by use of PIV technique is presented. Bubbles were generated from single artificial cavities. Experiments have been conducted with saturated boiling of distilled water at atmospheric pressure. In the experiment fluid velocity field surrounding the bubbles was visualized by use of polyamide tracer particles and a sheet of a YAG pulse laser beam. The images were recorded with a cross-correlation CCD-camera. It has been shown that for lower heat flux density bubble growths in an almost quiescent bulk of liquid. For higher heat flux density the train of bubbles creates a vapour column with strong wake effect. Maximum liquid velocity recorded is approximately equal to the terminal velocity of bubble rising in a stagnant liquid.
Solders development and application process for a micro chip-camera
Authors: Kirsten Bobzin, Erich Lugscheider, Felix Ernst, Reimo Nickel, Nazlim Bagcivan, Daniel Parkot, Arne Schlegel, Stefania Ferrara, Tatyana Kashko, No&#x00e9;mi Leick
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2008)

Nowadays, micro components have to fulfill rising optical requirements for different scientific and industrial fields like astronomy, medicine or multimedia. For this purpose, advanced miniaturized chip-cameras are produced for the microsystems engineering market. The assembly and joining technologies play a very important role in the production of these micro components. Several challenges are associated with the joining of chip-cameras. In this study, the application of the soldering technology has been considered in order to face these challenges. Two joining technologies have been investigated: active soldering and transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Both soldering processes have shown a big potential for hybrid microsystems joining in previous studies. For both processes, soldering alloys and parameters have been conceived in order to fulfill the joining requirements of the micro camera components. For instance, the joining temperature represents a major challenge because the chip-camera consists of a plastic material, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Therefore, particular attention has been directed to the soldering as well as to the coating temperature. The experimental investigations concerning the solders application through physical vapor deposition (PVD) have been supported by finite element method (FEM) simulations. The analysis of &#x00a0;the temperature distribution in the micro components during the coating process was the focus of &#x00a0;the calculations. Possible undesirable local overheated areas of the chip-camera components can be detected through simulation.
Evaluation of Modeling Music Similarity Perception Via Feature Subset Selection
Authors: D. N. Sotiropoulos, A. S. Lampropoulos, G. A. Tsihrintzis
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on User Modeling (2007)

In this paper, we describe and discuss the evaluation process and results of a content-based music retrieval system that we have developed. In our system, user models embody the ability of evolving and using different music similarity measures for different users. Specifically, a user-supplied relevance feedback and related neural network-based incremental learning procedures allows our system to determine which subset of a set of objective acoustic features approximates more efficiently the subjective music similarity perception of an individual user. The evaluation results verify our hypothesis of a direct relation between subjective music similarity perception and objective acoustic feature subsets. Moreover, it is shown that, after training, retrieved music pieces exhibit significantly improved perceived similarity to user-targeted music pieces.
The discourse of relationship building in an intercultural virtual learning community
Authors: Teresa J. Franklin
Venue:  (2008)

The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of the discourse students used in their relationships in an intercultural virtual learning community. The students were undergraduates from the Global Leadership Center at Ohio University in the United States and from an English Department in a university in Thailand. The study described the discourse the students used in their relationships in their course computer-mediated communication and examined how their discourse was similar or different according to their cultural backgrounds and other factors. The study also explored how the students used technology in their relationships. Students from the course were chosen for this study based on their feeling a sense of community in the course, their continued communication with each other past course completion, and observation data. Three teams were studied in-depth, with a total of seven American and six Thai students. Questions for this study included: (1) What was the nature of the discourse used in relationships between students in an intercultural virtual learning community? (2) Did the nature of the discourse used in relationships between students in an intercultural virtual learning community differ between students from different cultures? and if so, how? What other factors in addition to culture might have influenced the students&rsquo; discourse? (3) What strategies did the students engage in to use technology to form and maintain relationships? Discourse analysis was the primary research methodology used for this study and was supplemented with interview and observation data. Following the guidelines outlined by Herring (2004), concepts of intercultural virtual relationships and language characterizing those concepts were identified in the literature. These concepts and language characteristics provided a preliminary basis for the analysis of the students&rsquo; computer-mediated communication, using qualitative software for coding. A final coding scheme emerged. Analysis indicated that all students and teams demonstrated consideration in their communication. The three main areas of consideration found were interest in teammate and culture, support for teammates, and communicating with the teammates&rsquo; language in mind. Different teams and different students conveyed consideration in a variety of ways. The Thai and American students exhibited more similarities in their discourse than differences. Culture may have played a role in the differences, but many other potential influences were found. Strategies not previously discussed in the literature for forming relationships through technology are discussed, and teaching implications are given.
Automatic Retrieval of Web Pages with Standards of Ethics and Trustworthiness Within a Medical Portal: What a Page Name Tells Us
Authors: Arnaud Gaudinat, Natalia Grabar, Célia Boyer
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (2007)

The ever-increasing volume of health online information, coupled with the uneven reliability and quality, may have considerable implications for the citizen. In order to address this issue, we propose to use, within a general or specialised search engine, standards for identifying the reliability of online documents. Standards used are those related to the ethics as well as trustworthiness of websites. In this research, they are detected through the URL names of Web pages by applying machine learning algorithms. According to algorithms used and to principles, our straightforward approach shows up to 93% precision and 91% recall. But a few principles remain difficult to recognize.
Circulations, Fuzzy Relations and Semirings
Authors: Roland Glück, Bernhard Möller
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mathematics of Program Construction (2008)

Circulations are similar to flows in capacity-constrained networks, with the difference that they also observe lower bounds and, unlike flows, are not directed from a source to a sink. We give a new description of circulations in networks using a technique introduced by Kawahara; he applied the same methods to network flows. We show the power and flexibility of his approach in a new application, refining it at the same time by introducing the concept of test relations. Furthermore we will give algebraic formulations of a generic algorithm for computing a flow in a network with lower bounds and a sufficient and necessary criterion for the existence of a circulation.
A Flexible and Tailorable Architecture for Scripts in F2F Collaboration
Authors: Furio Belgiorno, Rosario Chiara, Ilaria Manno, Vittorio Scarano
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Times of Convergence: Technologies Across Learning Contexts (2008)

In this paper we introduce the architecture of the script engine of a collaborative co-located discussion support system, named CoFFEE, and, in particular, we describe its extendibility and flexibility as a macro-script engine for CSCL activities [7].
Numerical simulation of scavenging of an urban aerosol by filtration taking into account the presence of coagulation, condensation, and gravitational settling
Authors: P. J. García-Nieto
Venue: Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (2005)

This work studies the scavenging efficiencies of an average urban aerosol by means of filtration after a given mechanism of removal (coagulation, heterogeneous nucleation, and gravitational settling) as a function of time. Filtration is a simple, versatile, and economical mean for collecting samples of aerosol particles. The capture of aerosol particles by filtration is the most common method of aerosol sampling and is a widely used method for air cleaning. At low dust concentrations, fibrous filters are the most economical means for achieving high-efficiency collection of submicrometer particles. Aerosol filtration is used in diverse applications, such as respiratory protection, air cleaning of smelter effluent, processing of nuclear and hazardous materials, and clean rooms. The process of filtration is complicated, and although the general principles are well known there is a gap between theory and experiment. In this paper, we review filtration in order to provide an understanding of the properties of fibrous and porous membrane filters, the mechanisms of collection, and how collection efficiency and resistance to airflow change with filter properties and particle size.
Neural network committee-based sensitivity analysis strategy for geotechnical engineering problems
Authors: Maosen Cao, Pizhong Qiao
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2008)

Neural network usually acts as a &#x201c;black box&#x201d; in diverse fields to perform prediction, classification, and regression. Different from the conventional usages, neural network is herein attempted to handle factor sensitivity analysis in a geotechnical engineering system. After systematically investigating instability of employing single neural network in factor sensitivity analysis, a neural network committee (NNC)-based sensitivity analysis strategy is first algorithmically presented based on the particular mathematical ideas of weak law of large numbers in probability and optimization. Significantly, this study especially emphasizes the practical application of the NNC-based sensitivity analysis strategy to highlight the mechanism underlying in strata movement. The principal goal is to reveal the relationships among influential factors on strata movement through estimating the relative contribution of each explicative (input) variable on dependent (output) variables of strata movement. It is demonstrated that the NNC-based sensitivity analysis strategy rationally not only reveals the relative contribution of each explicative variable on dependent variables but also indicates the predictability of each dependent variable. In addition, an improved prediction model is resulted from integrating the sensitivity analysis results into neural network modeling, and it is capable of facilitating the convergence training of neural network model and advancing its prediction precision on strata movement angles. The above outcomes indicate that the NNC-based sensitivity analysis strategy provides a new paradigm of applying neural networks to deal with complex geotechnical engineering problems.
Application of Naturalistic Decision Making to Emergency Evacuation Simulations
Authors: Fatemeh Alavizadeh, Behzad Moshiri, Caro Lucas
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th Hellenic conference on Artificial Intelligence: Theories, Models and Applications (2008)

Evacuation simulations are among essential analysis to assess the level of life safety in buildings. Currently, a number of evacuation modeling tools are available, each with unique characteristics. But, complexity of human behaviors made most of these tools ignore behavioral data in their models; and among those models which account for human behaviors, rule based modeling and rational decision making approaches are used for decision process. However, to achieve more realistic evacuation calculations, human-like decision making should be integrated to evacuation simulations. In this research we present a novel approach to build multi-agent evacuation simulations that exhibit more realistic simulation behaviors. We propose a model that integrates individual differences, such as personality, age, and gender, with naturalistic decision making, where human decision making in natural environments is investigated. The resulted decision process is applied to BDI agent architecture within a building evacuation system.
User Demand Prediction-Based Resource Management Model in Grid Computing Environment
Authors: Kyu Cheol Cho, Tae Young Kim, Jong Sik Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (2008)

As demand and supply of Grid resources in Grid computing environments increases rapidly, many Grid researchers have taken particular interest in efficient management of Grid resources. In this paper, a user demand prediction-based resource management model (UDPRMM), which uses the user demand trend of Grid resources as a critical management factor, is proposed. This paper introduces a user demand prediction approach with historical user demands and aims for effective Grid resource management through transaction management between resource users and resource suppliers. For performance evaluation with accuracy and reliability, the UDPRMM is compared with the user demand fixed-based resources management model (UDFRMM) and the user demand random-based resources management model (UDRRMM). The UDPRMM demonstrates improvement greater than 70% with regard Grid resource transactions and greater than 16% with regard to Grid resource transaction quantities in comparison with the UDFRMM and the UDRRMM. In evaluation, the UDPRMM reduces delay time by 21%, over that of the UDFRMM, and 19% over that of the UDRRMM. The empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of the UDPRMM with effective economics-based resource management.
Efficient MRF deformation model for non-rigid image matching
Authors: Alexander Shekhovtsov, Ivan Kovtun, Václav Hlaváč
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2008)

We propose a novel MRF-based model for deformable image matching (also known as registration). The deformation is described by a field of discrete variables, representing displacements of (blocks of) pixels. Discontinuities in the deformation are prohibited by imposing hard pairwise constraints in the model. Exact maximum a posteriori inference is intractable and we apply a linear programming relaxation technique. We show that, when reformulated in the form of two coupled fields of x- and y-displacements, the problem leads to a simpler relaxation to which we apply the sequential tree-reweighted message passing (TRW-S) algorithm [Wainwright-03, Kolmogorov-05]. This enables image registration with large displacements at a single scale. We employ fast message updates for a special type of interaction as was proposed [Felzenszwalb and Huttenlocher-04] for the max-product belief propagation (BP) and introduce a few independent speedups. In contrast to BP, the TRW-S allows us to compute per-instance approximation ratios and thus to evaluate the quality of the optimization. The performance of our technique is demonstrated on both synthetic and real-world experiments.
The Application of Stochastic Dominance to Sensitivity Analysis in Quantitative Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM-1)
Authors: Leonas Ustinovichius, Ruta Simanaviciene
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering (2008)

The paper considers sensitivity of multicriteria decision making methods based on quantitative measurements and their use in determining effective construction investment projects. The problem of effective construction investments is of paramount importance for a group of people (experts) making a cooperative decision because these investments determine the potential of construction and the structure of expenses.Similar problems also arise in other fields of engineering. The calculation of investments is an expensive tool of enterprise management used in planning the investments. The paper describes the main principles of sensitivity analysis of the initial data, i.e. the significances of the criteria elicited from the survey of experts using quantitative multiple criteria decision methods. Monte Carlo method as well as a particular form of stochastic dominance are also applied and the algorithm and a case study demonstrating the application of the suggested technique are presented.
A Cellular Automatic Method for the Edge Detection of Images
Authors: Yu Chen, Zhuangzhi Yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (2008)

This paper present a cellular automaton (CA) based diffusion model and its application in the edge detection of images. The CA-based diffusion model consists of a regular lattice of cells with local state. These cells interact with their neighbors subject to a uniform rule which governs all cells. By setting the initial condition as an image, the diffusion model can be used as an alternative tool for diffusion equation in image processing. Experimental results showed that the CA-based diffusion model has a steady and convergent dynamical behavior and a better performance than the diffusion equation. This model can detects the image edge more accurately and suppress the noise much better than the classical edge detectors, such as LoG, Laplace, Canny and Sobel operators.
Controllability of Semilinear Impulsive Differential Equations with Nonlocal Conditions
Authors: Meili Li, Chunhai Kou, Yongrui Duan
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues (2008)

In this paper we examine the controllability problems of certain impulsive differential equations with nonlocal conditions. Using the Schaefer fixed-point theorem we obtain sufficient conditions for controllability and we give an application.
Product Line Scoping in Practice
Authors: Andrew Mark Dalgarno
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 12th International Software Product Line Conference (2008)

Product Line Scoping is a key, if not the key activity in the development and evolution of Software Product Lines. In this panel session a select group of scoping specialists are invited to discuss scoping and why it is such an important activity.
A Minimum Risk Wrapper Algorithm for Genetically Selecting Imprecisely Observed Features, Applied to the Early Diagnosis of Dyslexia
Authors: Luciano Sánchez, Ana Palacios, Inés Couso
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems (2008)

A wrapper-type evolutionary feature selection algorithm, able to use imprecise data, is proposed. This algorithm is based on a new definition of a minimum Bayesian risk k-NN estimator for vague data. Our information about the risk is assumed to be fuzzy. Therefore, the risk is minimized by means of a modified multicriteria Genetic Algorithm, able to optimize fuzzy valued fitness functions.Our algorithm has been applied to interval-valued data, collected in a study about the early diagnosis of dyslexia. We were able to select a low number of tests that are relevant for the diagnosis, and compared this selection of factors to those sets obtained by other crisp and imprecise data-based feature selection algorithms.
Recent Advances in Electronic Cash Design
Authors: Aline Gouget
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications (2008)

Electronic cash (or e-cash) is an electronic payment solution that is usually viewed as an attempt to emulate electronically the main characteristics of regular cash. In particular, e-cash and other payment solutions should protect the privacy of users during a purchase. The main distinction of e-cash with respect to other electronic payment systems is that electronic coins are stored on a device controlled by the user, e.g. a smart card or a personal computer hard disk. Since the introduction by Chaum [10,11] of unconditionally untraceable electronic money, e-cash systems have been extensively studied. Recent work has mainly focused on the efficiency of the protocols with respect to several notions of anonymity. In this talk, we will review the main recent results and also discuss the possibility to transfer a coin without involving the bank which is considered as an important characteristic of regular cash.