ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Approximating free exercise boundaries for American-style options using simulation and optimization
Authors: Barry R. Cobb, John M. Charnes
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

Monte Carlo simulation can be readily applied to asset pricing problems with multiple state variables and possible path dependencies because convergence of Monte Carlo methods is independent of the number of state variables. This paper applies Monte Carlo simulation to the problem of determining free exercise boundaries for pricing American-style options. We use a simulation-optimization method to identify approximately optimal exercise thresholds that are defined by a minimal number of parameters. We demonstrate that asset prices calculated using this method are comparable to those found using other numerical asset pricing methods.
Modelling and verification of authentication using enhanced net semantics of SPL (Security Protocol Language)
Authors: Roland Bouroulet, Hanna Klaudel, Elisabeth Pelz
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (2006)

This paper proposes an enhanced translation of Security Protocol Language (SPL) in high-level Petri nets in order to allow to prove automatically, using model-checking techniques, the authentication property of Needham-Schroeder- Lowe (NSL) protocol. The proposed approach generates finite nets and goes this way beyond the limitation which was imposed by the previous semantics due to the treatment of the replication operator. In order to reach this goal, we modify the way attacks are modelled. Due to fact that the presented approach focuses on the treatment of the protocol environment, it may be successfully reused for automated verification of properties of other security protocols.
Collective Intelligence: It's All in the Numbers
Authors: Karen Sparck Jones
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Statistical and probabilistic methods have a key role in artificial intelligence. Vast future information systems will rely on these methods to handle social intelligence.This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.
2-D functional AR model for image identification
Authors: M. Haseyama, I. Kondo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This paper proposes a 2-D functional AR Model for image identification. The definition of the proposed model includes functions that can exploit the self-similarity nature in images to thoroughly extract image features. By introducing the functional scheme into the model, only a few numbers of parameters, which are called 2-D functional AR parameters, can describe the image features simply and accurately. These characteristics make the model suitable for image identification applications. Some experiments of image identification are performed, and the results verify that the proposed model accurately represents the image feature, and the image can be correctly identified. The calculation time is fast enough for practical use in image retrieval.
Detection of Biological Cells in Phase-Contrast Microscopy Images
Authors: F. Ambriz-Colin, M. Torres-Cisneros, J. G. Avina-Cervantes, J. E. Saavedra-Martinez, O. Debeir, J. J. Sanchez-Mondragon
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In this paper, we propose an automatic method to obtain cells detection and cells migration tracking in order to analyze cells behaviors under different conditions. The images were obtained using phase-contrast video microscopy method. Proposed method normalizes original images in order to increase image contrast, and a classification process based on variance operator determines the nature of pixels in the image as cells or background. Each detected cell is associated to its centroid in order to initialize the tracking procedure to quantify the migration process. This technique is a fast way to describe cells migrations, robust to cell contracts and mitosis, all over their trajectories.
A Complementarity-based Partitioning and Disjunctive Cut Algorithm for Mathematical Programming Problems with Equilibrium Constraints
Authors: Joaquim J. Júdice, Hanif D. Sherali, Isabel M. Ribeiro, Ana M. Faustino
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2006)

In this paper a branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed for finding a global minimum to a Mathematical Programming Problem with Complementarity (or Equilibrium) Constraints (MPECs), which incorporates disjunctive cuts for computing lower bounds and employs a Complementarity Active-Set Algorithm for computing upper bounds. Computational results for solving MPECs associated with Bilivel Problems, NP-hard Linear Complementarity Problems, and Hinge Fitting Problems are presented to highlight the efficacy of the procedure in determining a global minimum for different classes of MPECs.
Computing in Biological Time: The Design of an Anticocaine Molecule
Authors: Pam Frost Gorder
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2006)

In search of a better anticocaine medication, scientists at the University of Kentucky used computer simulations to create a "souped-up" version of the human enzyme that breaks down cocaine even faster.
Design, implementation and performance evaluation of a cost-effective, fault-tolerant parallel virtual file system
Authors: Yifeng Zhu, Hong Jiang, Xiao Qin, Dan Feng, David R. Swanson
Venue: Proceedings of the international workshop on Storage network architecture and parallel I/Os (2003)

Fault tolerance is one of the most important issues for parallel file systems. This paper presents the design, implementation and performance evaluation of a cost-effective, fault-tolerant parallel virtual file system (CEFT-PVFS) that provides parallel I/O service without requiring any additional hardware by utilizing existing commodity disks on cluster nodes and incorporates fault tolerance in the form of disk mirroring. While mirroring is a straightforward idea, we have implemented this open source system and conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the feasibility, efficiency and scalability of this fault tolerant approach on one of the current largest clusters, where the issues of data consistency and recovery are also investigated. Four mirroring protocols are proposed, reflecting whether the fault-tolerant operations are client driven or server driven; synchronous or asynchronous. Their relative merits are assessed by comparing their write performances, measured in the real systems, and their reliability and availability measures, obtained through analytical modeling. The results indicate that, in cluster environments, mirroring can improve the reliability by a factor of over 40 (4000%) while sacrificing the peak write performance by 33--58% when both systems are of identical sizes (i.e., counting the 50% mirroring disks in the mirrored system). In addition, protocols with higher peak write performance are less reliable than those with lower peak write performance, with the latter achieving a higher reliability and availability at the expense of some write bandwidth. A hybrid protocol is proposed to optimize this tradeoff.
A Path Setup Scheme in HAWII
Authors: Li Ming, Huang Chang lai, Gao Chuan shan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

HAWII(Handoff-Aware Wireless Access Internet Infrastructure) is a micromobility protocol in IP network. To provide transparent mobility to correspondent hosts, HAWII segregates the network into a hierarchy of domains. While moving in a domain, the mobile host retains its IP address. The HA and any corresponding hosts are unaware of the host's mobility within this domain. Routes to the mobile host are established by specialized path setup schemes that update the forwarding tables with host-based entries in selected routers in that domain. According to features of HAWII, this paper presents a new path setup scheme based on default route. Taking into account different network environments, this scheme uses default route in path setup procedure. The simulation and calculation show that this scheme achieves more flexibility and decreases the routing table overhead while keeping similar performance.
Ant colony based routing architecture for minimizing hot spots in NOCs
Authors: Masoud Daneshtalab, Ali Afzali Kusha, Ashkan Sobhani, Zainanabedin Navabi, Mohammad D. Mottaghi, Omid Fatemi
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design (2006)

In this paper, a routing model for minimizing hot spots in the network on chip (NOC) is presented. The model makes use of AntNet routing algorithm which is based on Ant colony. Using this algorithm, which we call AntNet routing algorithm, heavy packet traffics are distributed on the chip minimizing the occurrence of hot spots. To evaluate the efficiency of the scheme, the proposed algorithm was compared to the XY, Odd-Even, and DyAD routing models. The simulation results show that in realistic (Transpose) traffic as well as in heavy packet traffic, the proposed model has less average delay and peak power compared to the other routing models. In addition, the maximum temperature in the proposed algorithm is less than those of the other routing algorithms.
Minimum Enclosing Spheres Formulations for Support Vector Ordinal Regression
Authors: S. K. Shevade, Wei Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

We present two new support vector approaches for ordinal regression. These approaches find the concentric spheres with minimum volume that contain most of the training samples. Both approaches guarantee that the radii of the spheres are properly ordered at the optimal solution. The size of the optimization problem is linear in the number of training samples. The popularSMO algorithm is adapted to solve the resulting optimization problem. Numerical experiments on some real-world data sets verify the usefulness of our approaches for data mining.
Localization in sparse networks using sweeps
Authors: David K. Goldenberg, Pascal Bihler, Ming Cao, Jia Fang, Brian D. O. Anderson, A. Stephen Morse, Y. Richard Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (2006)

Determining node positions is essential for many next-generation network functionalities. Previous localization algorithms lack correctness guarantees or require network density higher than required for unique localizability. In this paper, we describe a class of algorithms for fine-grained localization called Sweeps. Sweeps correctly finitely localizes all nodes in bilateration networks. Sweeps also handles angle measurements and noisy measurements. We demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm through extensive simulations on a large number of networks, upon which it consistently localizes one-thousand-node networks of average degree less than five in less than two minutes on a consumer PC.
Timing of Target Discrimination in Human Frontal Eye Fields
Authors: Jacinta O'shea
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Frontal eye field (FEF) neurons discharge in response to behaviorally relevant stimuli that are potential targets for saccades. Distinct visual and motor processes have been dissociated in the FEF of macaque monkeys, but little is known about the visual processing capacity of FEF in humans. We used double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation [(d)TMS] to investigate the timing of target discrimination during visual conjunction search. We applied dual TMS pulses separated by 40 msec over the right FEF and vertex. These were applied in five timing conditions to sample separate time windows within the first 200 msec of visual processing. (d)TMS impaired search performance, reflected in reduced d&prime; scores. This effect was limited to a time window between 40 and 80 msec after search array onset. These parameters correspond with single-cell activity in FEF that predicts monkeys' behavioral reports on hit, miss, false alarm, and correct rejection trials. Our findings demonstrate a crucial early role for human FEF in visual target discrimination that is independent of saccade programming.
Stability in terms of two measures of impulsive integro-differential equations via variation of the Lyapunov method
Authors: Peiguang Wang, Hairong Lian
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2006)

This paper establishes several criteria on stability in terms of two measures for impulsive integro-differential equations with fixed moments of impulse effects by using the generalized variation of parameters technique unified with the Lyapunov second method.
Towards a Lightweight Framework for Privacy Preserving P2P XML Databases
Authors: Angela Bonifati, Alfredo Cuzzocrea
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (2006)

The problem of securing XML databases is rapidly gaining interest for both academic and industrial research. It becomes even more challenging when XML data are managed and delivered according to the P2P paradigm, as malicious attacks could take advantage from the totally-decentralized and untrusted nature of P2P networks. Starting from these considerations, in this paper we propose the guidelines of a distributed framework for supporting (i) secure fragmentation of XML documents into P2P XML databases by means of lightweight XPath-based identifiers, and (ii) the creation of trusted groups of peers by means of self-certifying XPath links that exploit the benefits of well-known fingerprinting techniques.
Global Software Enterprise: A New Software Constructing Architecture
Authors: W. T. Tsai, Bingnan Xiao, Ray Paul, Qian Huang, Yinong Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

Based on current Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), this paper introduces a consumer-oriented SOA software constructing architecture: the Global Software Enterprise (GSE) architecture. In this architecture, the software construction starts from the consumers' publishing their requirements in the form of application or service specification which they exactly want. The consumer also publishes the expectation for the services the application needs in the form of collaboration specification and test scripts. The service providers then produce services that meet the needs of the applications. This new approach reduces the workload for the consumer and the communication between the consumer and provider. It also extends the design and code sharing, and thus further improves the software productivity.
In Memoriam: Push Singh (1972-2006)
Authors: James Hendler
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Push Singh, one of IEEE Intelligent Systems "AI Ten to Watch" recipients this year, died 28 February 2006. He was slated to begin a position as a faculty member in the MIT Media Laboratory. HisPhD advisor, Marvin Minsky, was one of many people who will miss him and his work, which was based partly on Marvin's society-of-minds approach, exploring what common sense was and how it could develop. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.
Handling multiple points of view in a multimedia data warehouse
Authors: Anne-Muriel Arigon, Anne Tchounikine, Maryvonne Miquel
Venue: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) (2006)

Data warehouses are dedicated to collecting heterogeneous and distributed data in order to perform decision analysis. Based on multidimensional model, OLAP commercial environments such as they are currently designed in traditional applications are used to provide means for the analysis of facts that are depicted by numeric data (e.g., sales depicted by amount or quantity sold). However, in numerous fields, like in medical or bioinformatics, multimedia data are used as valuable information in the decisional process. One of the problems when integrating multimedia data as facts in a multidimensional model is to deal with dimensions built on descriptors that can be obtained by various computation modes on raw multimedia data. Taking into account these computation modes makes possible the characterization of the data by various points of view depending on the user's profile, his best-practices, his level of expertise, and so on. We propose a new multidimensional model that integrates functional dimension versions allowing the descriptors of the multidimensional data to be computed by different functions. With this approach, the user is able to obtain and choose multiple points of view on the data he analyses. This model is used to develop an OLAP application for navigation into a hypercube integrating various functional dimension versions for the calculus of descriptors in a medical use case.
Enabling a transforming army at war: analysis to improve logistics network efficiency and effectiveness
Authors: Greg Parlier
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

This paper introduces and summarizes a comprehensive systems approach guiding an ongoing project addressing these significant challenges confronting logistics transformation. Currently sponsored by the Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM), this project involves several supporting organizations both within and external to the Army and DOD. Although initially focused on aviation-specific Class IX (spare parts and components) as a test bed, the goal is to develop a prototype that will provide the foundational "analytical architecture" to support, guide and accelerate Army Logistics Transformation. Conditions which motivate this research and analysis include (1) the changed nature of our geopolitical landscape resulting in the Army's transition to a "capabilities-based" force, (2) the opportunity to consider, adapt and extend, where appropriate, integrating "supply chain" design, management and analysis concepts that have been driven by increasing competition in the corporate world, and (3) the enabling potential of information technology.
QuickFusion: multimodal fusion without time thresholds
Authors: Yong Sun, Fang Chen, Vera Chung
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 NICTA-HCSNet Multimodal User Interaction Workshop - Volume 57 (2006)

Multimodal user interfaces can provide natural and efficient interaction between humans and machines in a number of applications. Multimodal fusion integrates information from multiple input channels. Many multimodal fusion approaches exploit the temporal characteristics of inputs to determine the completion of a user's turn and cause a delay in the system response. This paper proposes a multimodal fusion approach, QuickFusion, which utilises syntactic rather than the time-stamp information from inputs to determine the integrity of the inputs, thus avoiding the time delay in the multimodal fusion process. QuickFusion also helps to resolve input ambiguity.
A Dynamic Load Balancing Tool for One and Two Dimensional Parallel Loops
Authors: Ricolindo L. Carino, Ioana Banicescu
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of The Fifth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (2006)

This paper describes a dynamic load balancing tool intended for computational investigators who have little familiarity with programming for a message-passing environment. Motivated by the PAR DOALL directive available in some compilers for shared-memory systems, the tool is designed to simplify the manual conversion of sequential programs containing computationally intensive loops with independent iterates into parallel programs that execute with high efficiency on general-purpose clusters. The tool implements a dynamic loop scheduling strategy to address load imbalance which may be induced by the non-uniformity of loop iterate times, and by the heterogeneity of processors. The tool is based on the Message Passing Interface library for wide availability. Timings of a nontrivial application that utilize the tool on a Linux cluster are presented to demonstrate sample achievable performance.
Adult Brain Plasticity Elicited by Anomia Treatment
Authors: Katri Cornelissen, Matti Laine, Antti Tarkiainen, Tiina Järvensivu, Nadine Martin, Riitta Salmelin
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

We describe a study where a specific treatment method for word-finding difficulty (so-called contextual priming technique, which combines massive repetition priming with semantic priming) was applied with three chronic left hemisphere-damaged aphasics. Both before and after treatment, which focused on naming of a series of pictures, naming-related brain activity was measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Due to its excellent temporal resolution and good spatial resolution, we were able to track treatment-induced changes in cortical activity. All three subjects showed improved naming of the trained items. In all subjects, a single source area, located in the left inferior parietal lobe, close to the lesioned area, displayed statistically significant training-induced changes. This effect was of long latency as it started 300-600 msec after picture presentation. The change in activation was specific to training, as it could not be accounted for by variation of cortical dynamics associated with increased proportion of correct answers. Our interpretation is that the training effect reflects more effective phonological encoding and storage of the trained items through the engagement of a left hemispheric word-learning system. This is in line with recent functional imaging studies, which have linked left inferior parietal lobe activity to the phonological storage component of the verbal working memory, as well as with theoretical arguments stating that the primary role of the phonological loop is to acquire new words. Finally, the MEG results showed no evidence of increased right hemisphere participation following training, supporting the view that restoration of language-related networks in the damaged left hemisphere is crucial for anomia recovery.
GIS-EpiLink: A Spatial Search Tool for Linking Environmental and Health Data
Authors: F. Benjamin Zhan, Jean D. Brender, Yaowen Han, Lucina Suarez, Peter H. Langlois
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2006)

One inherent characteristic of both environmental data and health data is that they have a location component. This characteristic makes Geographic Information Systems (GIS) an ideal and sometimes indispensable tool for analyzing environmental and health data. Indeed, the past decade witnessed significant efforts in developing GIS tools for supporting epidemiologic research. Despite these efforts, the availability of accessible GIS tools that can be easily used by epidemiologists to link environmental and health data has remained a problem. We present a simple spatial search tool--GIS-EpiLink--that can be used to link environmental and health data when distance between an environmental site and the location of the maternal address of a case or control is used as a proxy for exposure. The tool was used in a research project and it successfully provided the necessary data for epidemiological analyses. This tool should be very useful to epidemiologists in environmental health research.