ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Studying the translations of NHSnet
Authors: Edgar A. Whitley, Athanasia Pouloudi
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2002)

This paper explores the ways in which innovative information systems projects take on a life of their own. The paper begins by reviewing some of the more traditional ways of making sense of this phenomenon--resistance to change, escalation, and unintended results--before introducing the sociology of translation. This provides a theoretical framework for viewing the transformations that an information systems project undergoes. The framework is then applied to the case of the NHSnet project in the United Kingdom. Using the language of sociology of translation, we consider the underlying stakeholder relations in the case study and draw more general conclusions for the responsibilities of stakeholders involved in an information systems life cycle.
Professional Service Constellations: How Strategies and Capabilities Influence Collaborative Stability and Change
Authors: Candace Jones, William S. Hesterly, Karin Fladmoe-Lindquist, Stephen P. Borgatti
Venue: Organization Science (1998)

Constellations-alliances among multiple firms-are used to perform complex, customized work in profes sional service. We examine two tensions inherent in multi-party collaborative work: managing hybrid systems, which are composed of individual and group tasks and outcomes, and aligning partners' logics of action. These two tensions provide firms the stra tegic choice with emphasizing individual or collective advantage. When constellation members pursue an individualist strategy, they employ an entrepreneurial logic. Constellations are a vehicle for honing their firm-distinctive expertise and enhancing the ir own opportunities. Given these firms' need for exposure to new learning and new markets from different partners and clients, the stability of the constellation is not of primary importance. This strategy promotes membership shifts in constellations and requires governance mechanisms for coordinating interactions among relative strangers. When constellation members pursue a collectivist strategy, they focus on their mutual benefits and employ a relational logic. Given these firms' need for intensifying relations with partners and clients, constellation members restrict interactions to certain select partners and clients and intensify their interactions. This strategy promotes stability in constellation membership and allows governance mechanisms specific to partners to develop. Due to positive feedback, these strategies develop certain capabilities and create specific relational patterns, which reinforce prior choices.
Centered L2-discrepancy of random sampling and Latin hypercube design, and construction of uniform designs
Authors: Kai-Tai Fang, Chang-Xing Ma, Peter Winker
Venue: Mathematics of Computation (2002)

In this paper properties and construction of designs under a centered version of the L2-discrepancy are analyzed. The theoretic expectation and variance of this discrepancy are derived for random designs and Latin hypercube designs. The expectation and variance of Latin hypercube designs are significantly lower than that of random designs. While in dimension one the unique uniform design is also a set of equidistant points, low-discrepancy designs in higher dimension have to be generated by explicit optimization. Optimization is performed using the threshold accepting heuristic which produces low discrepancy designs compared to theoretic expectation and variance.
Ethical issues in public health informatics: implications for system design when sharing geographic information
Authors: Christina Ölvingson, Jonas Hallberg, Toomas Timpka, Kent Lindqvist
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2002)

Public health programs today constitute a multi-professional inter-organizational environment, where both health service and other organizations are involved. Developing information systems, including the IT security measures needed to suit this complex context, is a challenge. To ensure that all involved organizations work together towards a common goal, i.e., promotion of health, an intuitive strategy would be to share information freely in these programs. However, in practice it is seldom possible to realize this ideal scenario. One reason may be that ethical issues are often ignored in the system development process. This investigation uses case study methods to explore ethical obstacles originating in the shared use of geographic health information in public health programs and how this affects the design of information systems. Concerns involving confidentiality caused by geographically referenced health information and influences of professional and organizational codes are discussed. The experience presented shows that disregard of ethical issues can result in a prolonged development process for public health information systems. Finally, a theoretical model of design issues based on the case study results is presented.
An approach to multiple attribute decision making based on fuzzy preference information on alternatives
Authors: Zhi-Ping Fan, Jian Ma, Quan Zhang
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2002)

This paper investigates the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem with preference information on alternatives. A new approach is proposed to solve the MADM problem, where the decision maker gives his/her preference on alternatives in a fuzzy relation. To reflect the decision maker's preference information, an optimization model is constructed to assess the attribute weights and then to select the most desirable alternatives. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the proposed approach.
Overlap of computation and communication on shared-memory networks-of-workstations
Authors: Tarek S. Abdelrahman, Gary Liu
Venue: Cluster Computing (2001)

This paper describes and evaluates a compiler transformation that improves the performance of parallel programs on Network-of-Workstation (NOW) shared-memory multiprocessors. The transformation overlaps the communication time resulting form nonlocal memory accesses with the computation time in parallel loops to effectively hide the latency of the remote accesses. The transformation peels from a parallel loop iterations that access remote data and re-schedules them after the execution of iterations that access only local data (local-only iterations). Asynchronous prefetching of remote data is used to overlap nonlocal access latency with the execution of local-only iterations. Experimental evaluation of the transformation on a NOW multiprocessor indicates that it is generally effective in improving parallel execution time (up to 1.9 times). The extent of the benefit is determined by three factors: the size of local-only computations, the significance of remote memory access latency, and the position of the iterations that access remote data in a parallel loop.
Range image reconstruction based on robust multiresolution estimation of surface parameters
Authors: In Su Chang, Rae-Hong Park
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2003)

This paper proposes two robust multiresolution estimation methods of surface parameters for range images. Based on the robust estimation of surface parameters, the proposed methods approximate a patch to a planar surface in the locally adaptive window. Selection of resolution is made pixelwise by comparing a locally computed homogeneity measure with the global threshold obtained by the distribution of the approximation error. The proposed multiresolution surface parameter estimation methods are applied to range image reconstruction and segmentation. Computer simulation results with noisy images contaminated by additive Gaussian noise and impulse noise show that the proposed multiresolution reconstruction methods preserve step and roof edges better than the conventional methods. Also the segmentation methods based on the estimated surface parameters are shown to be robust to noise.
A note on approximate equality versus the Poincaré paradox
Authors: Ulrich Bodenhofer
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2003)

The purpose of this note is to comment on a paper by M. De Cock and E.E. Kerre that was recently accepted for publication in Fuzzy Sets and Systems. The paper, in contrast to the view of several other researchers, states that fuzzy equivalence relations are not always able to resolve the Poincaré paradox. This brief paper discusses this controversial contribution from the present author's subjective point of view.
Comprehensive frequency-dependent substrate noise analysis using boundary element methods
Authors: Hongmei Li, Jorge Carballido, Harry H. Yu, Vladimir I. Okhmatovski, Elyse Rosenbaum, Andreas C. Cangellaris
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

We present a comprehensive methodology for the electrodynamic modeling of substrate noise coupling. A new and efficient method is introduced for the calculation of the Green's function that can accommodate arbitrary substrate doping profiles and thus facilitate substrate noise analysis using boundary element methods. In addition to a discussion of the application of the method and its validation in the context of substrate transfer resistance extraction, preliminary results from its application to frequency-dependent substrate noise modeling are presented also.
On QoS-Aware Publish-Subscribe
Authors: Filipe Araújo, Luís Rodrigues
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2002)

This position paper addresses the issue of supporting quality of service (QoS) parameters in distributed publish-subscribe systems. It advocates that QoS parameters should be handled using the same constructs as other information regarding events, such as their type or content. At the same time, we claim that the use of a consistent set of mechanisms should not preclude to decouple the specification of QoS properties from the specification of type, subject or content-based constraints.We also advocate that QoS parameters should not be embedded on the type or content of the events. We show that some QoS parameters can only be computed in run-time, as they depend on dynamic aspects such as the location of the participants and the system load.The paper proposes a model that supports the decoupling of QoS characterization from the event characterization while, at the same time, offers an uniform treatment of both aspects.
Valuing Oil Properties: Integrating Option Pricing and Decision Analysis Approaches
Authors: Kevin F. McCardle, James E. Smith
Venue: Operations Research (1998)

There are two major competing procedures for evaluating risky projects where managerial flexibility plays an important role: one is decision analytic, based on stochastic dynamic programming, and the other is option pricing theory (or contingent claims analysis), based on the no-arbitrage theory of financial markets. In this paper, we show how these two approaches can be profitably integrated to evaluate oil properties. We develop and analyze a model of an oil property-either a developed property or a proven but undeveloped reserve-where production rates and oil prices both vary stochastically over time and, at any time, the decision maker may terminate production or accelerate production by drilling additional wells. The decision maker is assumed to be risk averse and can hedge price risks by trading oil futures contracts. We also describe extensions of this model that incorporate additional uncertainties and options, discuss its use in exploration decisions and in evaluating a portfolio of properties rather than a single property, and briefly describe other potential applications of this integrated methodology.
Sugeno fuzzy integral as a basis for the interpretation of flexible queries involving monotonic aggregates
Authors: P. Bosc, L. Liétard, O. Pivert
Venue: Information Processing and Management: an International Journal (2003)

This paper is situated in the area of flexible queries addressed to regular relational databases. Some works have been carried out in the past years in order to design languages allowing the expression of queries involving preferences through the use of fuzzy predicates. In the relational setting, extensions of the relational algebra as well as of SQL-like languages have been proposed and a wide range of fuzzy queries has been made available. However, the use of conditions involving an aggregate function applying to a fuzzy set is not yet possible except for the cardinality (count) in the context of the so-called fuzzy quantified statements. The objective of this paper is to investigate how (and under which conditions) other aggregate functions (such as the maximum...) could be applied to fuzzy sets in a flexible query.
Bounds for mean colour numbers of graphs
Authors: F. M. Dong
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B (2003)

Let µ(G) denote the mean colour number of a graph G. Mosca discovered some counterexamples which disproved a conjecture proposed by Bartels and Welsh that if H is a subgraph of G, then µ(H)≤µ(G). In this paper, we show that this conjecture holds under the condition that either G is a chordal graph or H is a graph which can be obtained from a tree by replacing a vertex by a clique. This result gives a method to find upper bounds and lower bounds for the mean colour number of any graph. We also prove that µ(G) >µ(G ∪ K1) for an arbitrary graph G.
Market Segmentation, Advanced Demand Information, and Supply Chain Performance
Authors: Fangruo Chen
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2000)

A monopolist sells a single product to a market where the customers may be enticed to accept a delay as to when their orders are shipped. The enticement is a discounted price for the product. The market consists of several segments with different degrees of aversion to delays. The firm offers a price schedule under which the customers each self-select the price they pay and when their orders are to be shipped. When a customer agrees to wait, the firm gains advanced demand information that can be used to reduce its supply chain costs. This article shows how an optimal pricing-replenishment strategy that balances the costs due to discounted prices and the benefits due to advanced demand information can be determined.
Global stability of cellular neural networks with constant and variable delays
Authors: Xue Mei Li, Li Hong Huang, Huiyan Zhu
Venue: Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications (2003)

This paper gives new conditions ensuring global asymptotic stability and global exponential stability for cellular neural networks with constant delay and variable delay, respectively. These conditions are derived by using the essence of piecewise linearity of the output function of cellular neural networks and by constructing Lyapunov functions and functionals. Furthermore, these conditions are significantly weaker than those given in existing literature.
Knowledge and Organization: A Social-Practice Perspective
Authors: John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid
Venue: Organization Science (2001)

While the recent focus on knowledge has undoubtedly benefited organizational studies, the literature still presents a sharply contrasting and even contradictory view of knowledge, which at times is described as "sticky" and at other times "leaky." This paper is written on the premise that there is more than a problem with metaphors at issue here, and more than accounts of different types of knowledge (such as "tacit" and "explicit") can readily explain. Rather, these contrary descriptions of knowledge reflect different, partial, and sometimes "balkanized" perspectives from which knowledge and organization are viewed. Taking the community of practice as a unifying unit of analysis for understanding knowledge in the firm, the paper suggests that often too much attention is paid to the idea of community, too little to the implications of practice. Practice, we suggest, creates epistemic differences among the communities within a firm, and the firm's advantage over the market lies in dynamically coordinating the knowledge produced by these communities despite such differences. In making this argument, we argue that analyses of systemic innovation should be extended to embrace all firms in a knowledge economy, not just the classically innovative. This extension will call for a transformation of conventional ideas coordination and of the trade-off between exploration and exploitation.
MiTAP for real users, real data, real problems
Authors: Laurie Damianos, Steve Wohlever, Robyn Kozierok, Jay Ponte
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

The MiTAP system was developed as an experimental prototype using human language technologies for monitoring disease outbreaks. The system provides timely, multi-lingual, global information access to analysts, medical experts and individuals involved in humanitarian assistance. Thousands of articles from electronic information sources spanning multiple languages are automatically captured, translated, tagged, summarized, and presented to users in a variety of ways. Real users access MiTAP daily to solve real problems. The successful adoption of MiTAP is attributed to its user-focused design that accommodates the imperfect component technologies and allows users to interact with the system in familiar ways. We will discuss the problem, design process, and implementation from the perspective of services provided and how these services support system capabilities that satisfy user requirements.
Maximizing Revenues of Perishable Assets with a Risk Factor
Authors: Youyi Feng, Baichun Xiao
Venue: Operations Research (1999)

This article presents a risk-sensitive pricing model to maximize sales revenue of perishable commodities with fixed capacity and finite sales horizon. The model assumes a pair of predetermined prices and the Poisson demand process whose intensity is a decreasing function of price. When optimizing the expected revenue, management takes business risk into account by adding a penalty (or premium) to the objective function. We solve the continuous-time model with the exact solution in closed form. We further analyze the influence of risk attitude on optimal policies.
Memory-Based Feedback Controls to Support Groupware Coordination
Authors: Alex Bordetsky, Gloria Mark
Venue: Information Systems Research (2000)

In this paper we first present an empirical study of groupware use illustrating problems that users faced with restricted feedback about others' activities. Awareness can aid users in learning interdependencies, and in forming conventions to regulate system use and information-sharing. As a solution to providing awareness, we integrate the framework of organizational memory with intelligent agent technology to provide a coordination mechanism that enables the structuring of awareness events and gives information about the users' feedback control. In the proposed model, feedback control relationships are captured into a multilayered model of organizational memory and transferred to users by agents-facilitators. The approach is based on a system dynamics approach to organizational learning.
Exponential Timestepping with Boundary Test for Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Kalvis M. Jansons, G. D. Lythe
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2002)

We present new numerical methods for scalar stochastic differential equations. Successive time increments are independent random variables with an exponential distribution. We perform numerical experiments using a double-well potential. Exponential timestepping algorithms are efficient for escape-time problems because a simple boundary test can be performed at the end of each step.
Fundamental architectural considerations for network processors
Authors: Mohammad Peyravian, Jean Calvignac
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2003)

Network processors (NPs) are programmable devices with special architectural features that are optimized to perform packet-processing functions. They have emerged to cope with the ever-changing networking applications that are becoming increasingly complex. NPs are expected to become the silicon core of network equipments that require a high degree of flexibility to support evolving network services at extraordinary performance with high packet rates. In this paper, we present and examine various NP architectural aspects. We describe and compare NP design characteristics and analyze their implications on the ease of programming.
A multistage filtering technique to detect hazards on the ground plane
Authors: Huiyu Zhou, Andrew M. Wallace, Patrick R. Green
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2003)

We consider the detection of hazards within the ground plane immediately in front of a moving pedestrian. Consecutive views of the scene are acquired by a standard video camera. Using epipolar constraints between views, detected features are matched to compute the camera motion and reconstruct the 3D geometry. Assuming the ground is planar, projective invariance of the cross-ratio and the presence or absence of significant peaks in a Lomb-Scargle periodogram are used in a region-growing technique to label a triangulated mesh as obstructed or unobstructed ground plane. The eventual goal of our approach is to provide an aid to elderly pedestrians in the avoidance of tripping hazards, for example uneven flagstones or kerbs.
Enabling Software Development Team Performance During Requirements Definition: a Behavioral Versus Technical Approach
Authors: Patricia J. Guinan, Jay G. Cooprider, Samer Faraj
Venue: Information Systems Research (1998)

As software development projects continue to be over budget and behind schedule, researchers continue to look for ways to improve the likelihood of project success. In this research we juxtapose two different views of what influences software development team performance during the requirements development phase. In an examination of 66 teams from 15 companies we found that team skill, managerial involvement, and little variance in team experience enable more effective team processes than do software development tools and methods. Further, we found that development teams exhibit both positive and negative boundary-spanning behaviors. Team members promote and champion their projects to the outside environment, which is considered valuable by project stakeholders. They also, however, guard themselves from their environments; keeping important information a secret from stakeholders negatively predicts performance.
Student Consulting Projects Benefit Faculty and Industry
Authors: Thomas A. Grossman
Venue: Interfaces (2002)

Student consulting projects require students to apply OR/MS tools to obtain insight into the activities of firms in the community. These projects benefit faculty by providing clear feedback on the real capabilities of students, a broad connection to local industry, and material for case studies and research. They benefit companies by stimulating new thinking regarding their activities and delivering results they can use. Projects provide insights into the end-user modeling mode of OR/MS practice. Projects support continuous improvement as the lessons gained from a crop of projects enable better teaching during the next course offering, which in turn leads to better projects and further insights into teaching.