ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the trade-off between power and flexibility of FPGA clock networks
Authors: Julien Lamoureux, Steven J. E. Wilton
Venue: ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS) (2008)

FPGA clock networks consume a significant amount of power, since they toggle every clock cycle and must be flexible enough to implement the clocks for a wide range of different applications. The efficiency of FPGA clock networks can be improved by reducing this flexibility; however, reducing the flexibility introduces stricter constraints during the clustering and placement stages of the FPGA CAD flow. These constraints can reduce the overall efficiency of the final implementation. This article examines the trade-off between the power consumption and flexibility of FPGA clock networks. Specifically, this article makes three contributions. First, it presents a new parameterized clock-network framework for describing and comparing FPGA clock networks. Second, it describes new clock-aware placement techniques that are needed to find a legal placement satisfying the constraints imposed by the clock network. Finally, it performs an empirical study to examine the trade-off between the power consumption of the clock network and the impact of the CAD constraints for a number of different clock networks with varying amounts of flexibility. The results show that the techniques used to produce a legal placement can have a significant influence on power and the ability of the placer to find a legal solution. On average, circuits placed using the most effective techniques dissipate 5&percnt; less overall energy and are significantly more likely to be legal than circuits placed using other techniques. Moreover, the results show that the architecture of the clock network is also important. On average, FPGAs with an efficient clock network are up to 14.6&percnt; more energy efficient compared to other FPGAs.
Experimental characterization of electrostatically actuated in-plane bending of microcantilevers
Authors: A. Ballestra, E. Brusa, M. Gh Munteanu, A. Som&#x00e0;
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2008)

Experimental validation of numerical models developed by the authors to predict the static behaviour of microelectrostatic actuators is described. Cantilever microbeams, currently used in connection with RF-MEMS and micro-scale material testing were analysed. A set of microcantilevers, bending in the plane of the wafer, i.e. in the same plane as the profiling system&#x2019;s target, was tested. This differs from the popular case of out-of-plane microbeams, usually studied in the literature. Geometry nonlinearity caused by large deflection of the microbeam was investigated and nonlinear coupled formulation of electromechanical equilibrium was performed. Coupled-field analysis was implemented using the Finite Element Method (FEM), to predict displacements and pull-in voltage measured by Fogale Zoomsurf 3D, subsequently plotting the displacement-versus-voltage curve to complete model validation. FEM nonlinear analysis, based on iterative approach with mesh morphing, and FEM non-incremental approach, including a special element proposed by the authors, are compared to the linear solution and to experimental results. Geometry nonlinearity appears relevant in microbeam modelling and requires a nonlinear solution of the coupled problem. Investigative work, which compared the results of 2D and 3D models to experimental data, revealed that some three dimensional effects are significant in model validation, but the 2D approach may be effective in predicting static behaviour provided that at least a microbeam thickness equivalent is adopted.
Coassociative magmatic bialgebras and the Fine numbers
Authors: Ralf Holtkamp, Jean-Louis Loday, María Ronco
Venue: Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics: An International Journal (2008)

We prove a structure theorem for the connected coassociative magmatic bialgebras. The space of primitive elements is an algebra over an operad called the primitive operad. We prove that the primitive operad is magmatic generated by n¿2 operations of arity n. The dimension of the space of all the n-ary operations of this primitive operad turns out to be the Fine number F n¿1. In short, the triple of operads (As, Mag, MagFine) is good.
Off-line economies for digital media
Authors: Darko Kirovski, Kamal Jain
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video (2006)

We propose a novel platform for building off-line markets for digital content. The key objective is to enable an arbitrary user of specific digital content to resell it to other users in an off-line peer-to-peer manner so that part of the proceeds go to content's copyright holder. Most importantly, one part of the revenues is retained by the seller as an incentive for participating in the distributed economy. To address this objective, a transaction is finalized and incentives distributed to the seller on-line using a client-server architecture. Technologically, such systems can be readily created, for example, by adding a communication tool such as Bluetooth to a portable media player such as the iPod. We present a threat model for the proposed system and devise a novel protocol that relies on traditional public-key cryptography to ensure secure and efficient off-line transactions of arbitrary digital content. As a consequence, in our system copyright holders can control the pricing and recruit a powerful marketing and sales force with marginal investment and via various types of incentives, users are offered the ability to sell or purchase content they like anywhere, anytime, and to/from anyone.
Software-directed combined cpu/link voltage scaling fornoc-based cmps
Authors: Mahmut Kandemir, Ozcan Ozturk
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (2008)

Network-on-Chip (NoC) based chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are expected to become more widespread in future, in both high performance scientific computing and low-end embedded computing. For many execution environments that employ these systems, reducing power consumption is an important goal. This paper presents a software approach for reducing power consumption in such systems through compiler-directed voltage/frequency scaling. The unique characteristic of this approach is that it scales the voltages and frequencies of select CPUs and communication links in a coordinated manner to maximize energy savings without degrading performance. Our approach has three important components. The first component is the identification of phases in the application. The next step is to determine the critical execution paths and slacks in each phase. For implementing these two components, our approach employs a novel parallel program representation. The last component of our approach is the assignment of voltages and frequencies to CPUs and communication links to maximize energy savings. We use integer linear programming (ILP) for this voltage/frequency assignment problem. To test our approach, we implemented it within a compilation framework and conducted experiments with applications from the SPEComp suite and SPECjbb. Our results show that the proposed combined CPU/link scaling is much more effective than scaling voltages of CPUs or communication links in isolation. In addition, we observed that the energy savings obtained are consistent across a wide range of values of our major simulation parameters such as the number of CPUs, the number of voltage/frequency levels, and the thread-to-CPU mapping.
Service creation & delivery for SME based on SOA / IMS
Authors: Niklas Blum, Thomas Magedanz, Horst Stein
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Middleware for next-generation converged networks and applications (2007)

Modern telecommunication networks and classical roles of operators are subject to fundamental changes. Standardization bodies and the industry are specifying and integrating Next Generation Network (NGN) infrastructures and NGN services based on an all-IP paradigm. The IETF, ETSI, 3GPP, 3GPP2 and OMA are working on technological issues to enable services using Internet technology and Service Orientated Architectures (SOA). This paper reports about the German research project Multi-Access Modular-Services Framework (MAMS) funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). It targets the access of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) with an easy usable system, which allows creating and delivering new services without deep technical expertise. It focuses on the use of standardized telecommunications architectures and APIs for Network Abstraction to glue emerging telecommunication architectures with 3rd party services, the Internet and vice versa.
A regularization semismooth Newton method based on the generalized Fischer-Burmeister function for P0-NCPs
Authors: Jein-Shan Chen, Shaohua Pan
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

We consider a regularization method for nonlinear complementarity problems with F being a P"0-function which replaces the original problem with a sequence of the regularized complementarity problems. In this paper, this sequence of regularized complementarity problems are solved approximately by applying the generalized Newton method for an equivalent augmented system of equations, constructed by the generalized Fischer-Burmeister (FB) NCP-functions @f"p with p>1. We test the performance of the regularization semismooth Newton method based on the family of NCP-functions through solving all test problems from MCPLIB. Numerical experiments indicate that the method associated with a smaller p, for example p@?[1.1,2], usually has better numerical performance, and the generalized FB functions @f"p with p@?[1.1,2) can be used as the substitutions for the FB function @f"2.
Engineering agent-mediated integration of bioinformatics analysis tools
Authors: Vassilis G. Koutkias, Andigoni Malousi, Nicos Maglaveras
Venue: Multiagent and Grid Systems (2007)

The availability of massive amounts of biological data, distributed in various data sources, in conjunction with the need to understand the underlying biological processes of life, has prompted the development of a wide range of data analysis tools, most of which are publicly available through the Internet. However, due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the domain, performing a specific analysis by combining tools is complicated. In this paper, we argue that the software agent metaphor constitutes a flexible approach that efficiently addresses integration of bioinformatics analysis tools and dynamic composition-execution of data analysis workflows. To substantiate this assertion, a scalable engineering methodology is presented, aiming to address horizontal and/or vertical integration, through functionally related multiagent systems. The proposed approach is mediator-oriented, relying primarily on agent coordination strategies and semantic domain descriptions. The applicability and virtue of the proposed systems are illustrated through test cases addressing integration of computational gene finders.
FEC for satellite data communications: towards robust design
Authors: Vishwas Lakkundi, Miroslav Kasal
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications (2004)

This paper describes the salient features of designing a robust forward error correction coding scheme for satellite data communications and considers various such schemes suitable for a short message application.
A Transcoding Architecture for Adapting MPEG-21 Digital Items in Mobile Networks
Authors: Tz-Heng Hsu, Yueh-Heng Li, Meng-Shu Chiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2008)

In this paper, we will propose a transcoding proxy architecture for adapting MPEG-21 digital items in mobile networks. Our proposed multimedia proxy system will cover the following concerns: (1) design a system architecture for the proposed multimedia proxy with MPEG-21 digital item adaptation, and (2) develop a cache and replacement policy for adapted MPEG-21 digital items. The proposed transcoding proxy adopts fine-grain cache and replacement algorithms for different multimedia objects and a cache scheme to smooth the delay variations of a cached object during subsequent playbacks.
Effect of ammoniating temperature on structural and morphologic properties of nanostructured GaN
Authors: Huizhao Zhuang, Shiying Zhang, Chengshan Xue, Baoli Li, Jiabing Shen, Dexiao Wang
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2008)

Nanostructured GaN was synthesized by ammoniating Ga"2O"3/Mo films at different temperatures in a quartz tube. The as-synthesized GaN was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that the nanostructured material is single-crystal GaN with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ammoniating temperature of the samples has an evident effect on the morphology and structure of the nanostructured GaN synthesized by this method. Lower temperature promotes the growth of wire-like structures and higher temperature facilitates the formation of the sheet-like structure. The growth mechanism of the nanostructured GaN was also discussed.
Investigating the Design, Performance, and Reliability of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Interconnect
Authors: Arthur Nieuwoudt, Yehia Massoud
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Quality Electronic Design (2008)

In this paper, we develop a quantitative design technique for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based interconnect, which we utilize to examine the performance and reliability of future nanotube-based interconnect solutions. Leveraging an analytical RLC model for MWCNTs, we create the first closed-form formulation for the optimal nanotube diameter and nanotube bundle height. The results indicate that the proposed design method decreases delay by 21% and 29% on average compared to non-optimized MWCNTs and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles. We also find that large diameter MWCNT bundles are significantly more susceptible to process variations than SWCNT bundles, which will have important reliability implications in future nano-scale ICs.
Third-Party-Initiated Context-Aware Real-Time Charging and Billing on an Open SOA Platform
Authors: Frank C. Bormann, Stephan Flake, Juergen Tacken, Carsten Zoth
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

This article presents our prototypical implementation of enabling services for context-aware real-time charging and billing based on the international Parlay X standard. The work is part of an open SOA platform allowing easy third-party composition of contextaware mobile services. The article illustrates why and how the standardized Parlay X Web Service interfaces had to be extended to cope with the demands of the considered open SOA platform.
Research for major-parts digital assembly system of large-scale airplane
Authors: Zou Jihua, Riaz Ahmad, Fan Yuqing
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing (2006)

In view of greater complexity and high precision needed for assembling large-size airplane parts, we propose the digital flexible assembly technology system (DFATS) concept, for assembly of major-parts and alignments. The concept has been described and demonstrated by presenting the flexible assembly workstation prototype system for major-parts assembly and positioning. All the primary key techniques related to large-scale airplane parts assembly, and related content of items have been described. The paper analyzed data set organization and coordination relationship based on Digital Mock-Up, provided assembly simulation content, and defined Digital Master Tooling (DMT) concept with a specific approach. It explained function and content of mechanical follow-up positioning device, control software, its effect, operating principle and method of the laser tracking measurement assembly technique.
Indian Ocean tsunami: The use of MERIS (MTCI) data to infer salt stress in coastal vegetation
Authors: P. J. Curran, J. Dash, G. M. Llewellyn
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

The Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004 removed coastal vegetation and inundated large areas of near-coastal and low lying land with salt water. There were subsequent reports of early vegetation senescence as salt stress reduced the chlorophyll content of plant canopies. The European Space Agency (ESA) uses data from its Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) on Envisat to produce an operational product called the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI). The MTCI values are related to the relative position of the red edge in the reflectance spectrum of vegetation and so can be used to estimate the chlorophyll content of that vegetation. The difference between pre and post-tsunami MTCI images was compared with elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's (SRTM) Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) for the Phuket region of Thailand. There was a statistically significant (95% confidence level) decrease in the MTCI after the tsunami in near-coastal and low lying interior regions. It was hypothesized that this decrease was due to a reduction in chlorophyll content as a result of the salt stress produced by salt water inundation. The recovery of this region is to be monitored using the MTCI.
Small patches get in!
Authors: Peter Weißgerber, Daniel Neu, Stephan Diehl
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories (2008)

While there is a considerable amount of research on analyzing the change information stored in software repositories, only few researcher have looked at software changes contained in email archives in form of patches. In this paper we look at the email archives of two open source projects and answer questions like the following: How many emails contain patches? How long does it take for a patch to be accepted? Does the size of the patch influence its chances to be accepted or the duration until it gets accepted? Obviously, the answers to these questions can be helpful for the authors of patches, in particular because some of the answers are surprising.
A Novel Testbed for Detection of Malicious Software Functionality
Authors: Jostein Jensen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

Behavioural software analysis is suggested by several research communities as a principle to complement the traditional signature-based anti-virus tools. This paper presents a novel open-source testbed for behavioural software analysis, designed to meet current trends in the malware community by allowing controlled access to the Internet in the analysis phase. General malware detection theories are studied and their principles combined to provide a powerful software analysis environment. A novel way of using honeypot technology is proposed to build a testbed that is able to analyse current threats.
Six new Redheffer-type inequalities for circular and hyperbolic functions
Authors: Ling Zhu, Jinju Sun
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

In this paper, six new Redheffer-type inequalities involving circular functions and hyperbolic functions are established.
The MPEG-7 Multimedia Database System (MPEG-7 MMDB)
Authors: Mario Döller, Harald Kosch
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2008)

Broadly used Database Management Systems (DBMS) propose multimedia extensions, like Oracle's Multimedia (formerly interMedia). However, these extensions lack means for managing the requirements of multimedia data in terms of semantic meaningful querying, advanced indexing, content modeling and multimedia programming libraries. In this context, this paper presents the MPEG-7 Multimedia DataBase System (MPEG-7 MMDB). The innovative parts of our system are our metadata model for multimedia content relying on the XML-based MPEG-7 standard, a new indexing and querying system for MPEG-7, the query optimizer and the supporting internal and external application libraries. The resulting system, extending Oracle 10g, is verified and demonstrated by the use of two real multimedia applications in the field of audio recognition and image retrieval.
A uniformly convergent B-spline collocation method on a nonuniform mesh for singularly perturbed one-dimensional time-dependent linear convection-diffusion problem
Authors: Mohan K. Kadalbajoo, Vikas Gupta, Ashish Awasthi
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2008)

A numerical method is proposed for solving singularly perturbed one-dimensional parabolic convection-diffusion problems. The method comprises a standard implicit finite difference scheme to discretize in temporal direction on a uniform mesh by means of Rothe's method and B-spline collocation method in spatial direction on a piecewise uniform mesh of Shishkin type. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable and accurate of order O((@Dx)^2+@Dt). An extensive amount of analysis has been carried out to prove the uniform convergence with respect to the singular perturbation parameter. Several numerical experiments have been carried out in support of the theoretical results. Comparisons of the numerical solutions are performed with an upwind finite difference scheme on a piecewise uniform mesh and exponentially fitted method on a uniform mesh to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Sensor based weld bead geometry prediction in pulsed metal inert gas welding process through artificial neural networks
Authors: Sukhomay Pal, Surjya K. Pal, Arun K. Samantaray
Venue: International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems (2008)

Weld quality is primarily determined from the weld bead geometry. This work concerns the weld bead geometry prediction in pulsed metal inert gas welding (PMIGW) process. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) model, a radial basis function network (RBFN) model and regression model have been developed to predict the weld bead geometry of welded plates. Six process parameters, namely pulse voltage, back-ground voltage, pulse duty factor, pulse frequency, wire feed rate and the welding speed along with root mean square (RMS) values of two sensor signals, namely the welding current and the voltage signals, are used as input variables of the two models. The weld bead width, height and reinforcement of the welded plate are considered as the output variables. Having same process parameters does not always result in the same output quality. This is why, inclusion of sensor signals in the models, as developed in this work, results in better output prediction.
The sensor internet at work: Locating everyday items using mobile phones
Authors: Christian Frank, Philipp Bolliger, Friedemann Mattern, Wolfgang Kellerer
Venue: Pervasive and Mobile Computing (2008)

We present a system for monitoring and locating everyday items using mobile phones. The system is based on phones which are enhanced with the capability to detect electronically tagged objects in their vicinity. It supports various functionalities: On the one hand, phones can store the context in which users leave registered items and thus help to locate them later on. On the other hand, object owners can search for their objects using the infrastructure of mobile phones carried by other users. We describe the design of our object location system and provide an algorithm which can be used to search for lost or misplaced items efficiently by selecting the most suitable sensors based on arbitrary domain knowledge. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practicability of such wide-area searching by means of user-held sensors in a series of simulations complemented by a real-world experiment.