ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Masquerader Detection Using OCLEP: One-Class Classification Using Length Statistics of Emerging Patterns
Authors: Lijun Chen, Guozhu Dong
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Web-Age Information Management Workshops (2006)

We introduce a new method for masquerader detection that only uses a user's own data for training, called Oneclass Classification using Length statistics of Emerging Patterns (OCLEP). Emerging patterns (EPs) are patterns whose support increases from one dataset/class to another with a big ratio, and have been very useful in earlier studies. OCLEP classifies a case T as self or masquerader by using the average length of EPs obtained by contrasting T against sets of samples of a user's normal data. It is based on the observation that one needs long EPs to differentiate instances from a common class, but needs short EPs to differentiate instances from different classes. OCLEP has two novel features: for training it uses EPs mined from just the self class; for classification it uses the length statistics instead of the EPs themselves. Experiments show that OCLEP can achieve very good accuracy while keeping the false positive rate low, it achieves slightly better area-under-ROC-curve than SVM, and it can achieve good results when other approaches can not. OCLEP requires little effort in choosing parameters; the SVM requires significant tuning and it is hard to reach the theoretical optimal result. These features imply that OCLEP is a good complementary component for a robust masquerader detection system, even though its average performance in false positive rate is not as good as SVM's.
Experiences with PASS: Developing and Using a Programming Assignment aSsessment System
Authors: Y. T. Yu, C. K. Poon, M. Choy
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Computer programming is a skill required in many study disciplines, but acquiring the skill has been known to be difficult for many beginners. With the primary aim to improving the teaching and learning of computer programming, we have developed a Webbased system, namely Programming Assignment aSsessment System (PASS), for use in our courses. This paper presents our experiences with the development and usage of the system, and discusses its impact on our practices in teaching and learning.
Knowledge-Assisted Video Analysis for Content-Adaptive Coding and Transmission
Authors: Vasileios Mezaris, Nikolaos V. Boulgouris, Ioannis Kompatsiaris
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Semantic Media Adaptation and Personalization (2006)

Efficient video content management and exploitation, including coding and transmission, can greatly benefit from taking into account the semantics of the video content. However, the extraction of the latter is a non-trivial task that involves associating low-level features of the image domain with high-level semantic descriptions. In this paper, a knowledge-assisted approach for extracting semantics of domain-specific video content is presented and is employed for effecting content-adaptive coding and transmission of the video. To this end, domain knowledge considers both low-level features (color, motion, shape) and spatial behavior (topological and directional information) of video content for the purpose of analysis, as well as domain-, application- and user-specific importance factors associated with each domain concept that guide coding and transmission on the basis of the output of the analysis. Examples of the application of the proposed approach to sports videos, specifically belonging to the Formula One and Tennis domains, are provided in the Results section.
Age Differences in Behavior and PET Activation Reveal Differences in Interference Resolution in Verbal Working Memory
Authors: John Jonides, Christina Marshuetz, Edward E. Smith, Patricia A. Reuter-lorenz, Robert A. Koeppe, Alan Hartley
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

Older adults were tested on a verbal working memory task that used the item-recognition paradigm. On some trials of this task, response-conflict was created by presenting test-items that were familiar but were not members of a current set of items stored in memory. These items required a negative response, but their familiarity biased subjects toward a positive response. Younger subjects show an interference effect on such trials, and this interference is accompanied by activation of a region of left lateral prefrontal cortex. However, there has been no evidence that the activation in this region is causally related to the interference that the subjects exhibit. In the present study, we demonstrate that older adults show more behavioral interference than younger subjects on this task, and they also show no reliable activation at the same lateral prefrontal site. This leads to the conclusion that this prefrontal site is functionally involved in mediating resolution among conflicting responses or among conflicting representations in working memory.
A sparse approach in partially adaptive linearly constrained arrays
Authors: I. Scott, B. Mulgrew
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

In conventional partially adaptive linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer design the approach has been to represent the noise subspace with some reduced set of vectors, typically the eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalues of the noise covariance matrix. This, whilst yielding good performance, will not give the optimum performance for a given partially adaptive dimension. The paper presents an alternative method for selecting the "best" degrees of freedom to be retained in a partially adaptive design. The iterative algorithm described selects those degrees of freedom which minimize the beamformer output mean square error. This approach leads to a sparse structure for the transformation matrix, which when implemented in a generalize sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure will reduce the computational load. This approach also allows a reduction in adaptive dimension as compared to the eigenvector based approach. An illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of this method.
Improved Video Verification Method Using Digital Watermarking
Authors: Isao Echizen, Takaaki Yamada, Satoru Tezuka, Stephan Singh, Hiroshi Yoshiura
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

A method is described that verifies video content integrity by checking the continuity of embedded timecodes used as digital watermarks. Conventional verification methods using digital signatures and fragile watermarking are unable to distinguish between attacks and regular modifications due and thus are unable to protect against threats to content. The proposed verification method distinguishes attacks against video content from regular modifications by extracting timecodes embedded in consecutive frames of the content and then checking their continuity. A prototype implementation showed that the method is more effective than conventional ones and that it can be used by a variety of applications using video content.
The determined chaos in disturbed by temperature dynamic systems with gyros
Authors: V. E. Dzhashitov, V. M. Pankratov
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

The new approach in theory of dynamic systems with gyros-research of a capability and conditions of originating in output signals of these systems of a phenomenon of the determined chaos is realized. On the basis of the general provisions of the theory of the determined chaos the procedure of learning of this phenomenon in non-linear gyroscopic systems disturbed by temperature is designed. This procedure is applied to concrete dynamic systems with gyros. Namely, are reviewed a capability and conditions of originating of the determined chaos in an output signal fiber optic gyro disturbed by temperature and at temperature control of damping in a float gyroscopic damper of oscillations of autonomous space flying vehicles. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of output parameters of gyros, space flight vehicles and thermal control systems are obtained. The areas of the determined chaos as functions of parameters of gyroscopic systems and disturbances are constructed.
Fast approximations to positive time-frequency distributions, with applications
Authors: P. J. Loughlin, J. W. Pitton, B. Hannaford
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

We present a general approach to approximating positive time-frequency distributions (TFDs) through nonlinear combinations of spectrograms. Closed-form solutions for the combinations are obtained via optimization of entropy functionals subject to an energy constraint. We apply two such combinations to generating approximate TFDs for whale sounds and speech. Through these applications, it can be seen that these methods give results superior to that achieved with individual spectrograms, and remarkably close to the positive TFDs obtained via computationally-intensive methods.
A Service-Oriented Architecture in a Multi-Agency Environment: A Case Study in Enterprise Dynamics
Authors: Kangmin Zheng, D Kenneth, C. Hoffman
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE on International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (2006)

Many of the challenges faced by today's government-international trade, health care, and national security-require complex multi-agency responses involving public and private networked institutions cooperating on a global scale. In this paper, we examine the service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based approach in supporting the overall enterprise architecture used by the federal government for information sharing among multiple agencies. We apply SOA industrial concepts along with the Business Process Executable Language (BPEL) service broker model to enhance a set of geographic information system-based business performance modeling and planning tools middleware (Integrated Enterprise Engineering Workbench (IEEW)). Applying the SOA concept and the BPEL model has advanced the IEEW one step further in its scope to serve as a case study for the modernization planning and integration of information systems for the multi-agency challenge of monitoring and managing international trade.
Highly Available Long Running Transactions and Activities for J2EE Applications
Authors: Francisco Perez-Sorrosal, Marta Patino-Martinez, Ricardo Jimenez-Peris, Jaksa Vuckovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Today's business applications are typically built on top of middleware platforms such as J2EE and use transactions that have evolved into long running activities able to adapt to different circumstances. Specifications, such as the J2EE Activity Service, have arised for applications requiring that support. These applications also demand high availability to prevent financial losses and/or service level agreements (SLAs) violations due to service unavailability or crashes. Replication is a means to attain high availability but current middleware does not provide highly available transactions. In the advent of crashes, running transactions abort and the application is forced to re-execute them, what results in a loss of availability and transparency. Most approaches using J2EE consider the replication of either the application server or the database. This results in poor availability when the non-replicated tier crashes. This paper presents a novel J2EE replication support for both, application server and database layers providing highly available transactions and long running activities. Failure masking is transparent to client applications. A prototype has been implemented and evaluated.
Upper and Lower Bounds for Randomized Search Heuristics in Black-Box Optimization
Authors: Stefan Droste, Thomas Jansen, Ingo Wegener
Venue: Theory of Computing Systems (2006)

Randomized search heuristics like local search, tabu search, simulated annealing, or all kinds of evolutionary algorithms have many applications. However, for most problems the best worst-case expected run times are achieved by more problem-specific algorithms. This raises the question about the limits of general randomized search heuristics. Here a framework called black-box optimization is developed. The essential issue is that the problem but not the problem instance is knownto the algorithm which can collect information about the instance only by asking for the value of points in the search space. All known randomized search heuristics fit into this scenario. Lower bounds on the black-box complexity of problems are derived without complexity theoretical assumptions and are compared with upper bounds in this scenario.
Recovering High-Order Accuracy in WENO Computations of Steady-State Hyperbolic Systems
Authors: Sigal Gottlieb, David Gottlieb, Chi-Wang Shu
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2006)

In this note we consider the application of the WENO scheme to simulations of steady-state flow in a converging diverging nozzle. We demonstrate the recovery of design accuracy through Gegenbauer postprocessing, despite the degradation of the order of accuracy for the numerical solution of the Euler equations to first-order in regions where the characteristics passed through the shock. We have shown a case in which the Gegenbauer postprocessing can recover the order of accuracy right up to the shock location. This suggests that high-order accurate information which crosses through the shock may not be irretrievably lost, and we can strive to recover it through various types of postprocessing.
Incremental Voxel Colouring by Ray Traversal
Authors: O. Batchelor, R. Mukundan, R. Green
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

Image based reconstruction from multiple views is an interesting challenge. Recently methods of optimisation based voxel colouring have appeared, which make use of incremental visibility updates. We present an alternative incremental voxel colouring algorithm in the mould of GVC-LDI [2] which directly associates each visible voxel with the set of rays in it's visible projection, using ray-voxel traversal as a mechanism for updates. e make some time comparisons using calibrated photographs and synthetic images, as well looking at optimisation based voxel colouring and level of detail. Results show that our method compares favourably to GVC-LDI.
Measuring students' scientific content and inquiry reasoning
Authors: Amelia Wenk Gotwals, Nancy Butler Songer
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Recently, several important documents have promoted inquiry-based science as the main way for science to be taught and learned. In addition, there have been advancements made in the measurement sciences that allow for sophisticated and complex ways to score and interpret student responses on assessment tasks. However, while many studies have shown the benefits of scientific inquiry in the classroom and others have described new types of psychometric models available for scoring analysis, few have combined the two to develop a better understanding of how students "know" science. This paper briefly describes an assessment system used to create items that systematically measure both students' content knowledge as well as two complex inquiry-reasoning skills. Then, using student responses to an assessment made using this system we employ multidimensional psychometric models to allow us to explain the nature of the types of knowledge students draw on when encountering scientific scenarios.
Physically realistic virtual surgery using the point-associated finite field (PAFF) approach
Authors: Suvranu De, Yi-Je Lim, Muniyandi Manivannan, Mandayam A. Srinivasan
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2006)

The generation of multimodal virtual environments for surgical training is complicated by the necessity to develop heterogeneous simulation scenarios such as surgical incision, cauterization, bleeding, and smoke generation involving the interaction of surgical tools with soft biological tissues in real time. While several techniques ranging from rapid but nonphysical geometry-based procedures to complex but computationally inefficient finite element analysis schemes have been proposed, none is uniquely suited to solve the digital surgery problem. In this paper we discuss the challenges facing the field of realistic surgery simulation and present a novel point-associated finite field (PAFF) approach, developed specifically to cope with these challenges. Based upon the equations of motion dictated by physics, this technique is independent of the state of matter, geometry and material properties and permits different levels of detail. We propose several specializations of this scheme for various operational complexities. The accuracy and efficiency of this technique is compared with solutions using traditional finite element methods and simulation results are reported on segmented models obtained from the Visible Human Project.
Data compression of nonlinear time series using a hybrid linear/nonlinear predictor
Authors: Tetsuya Izumi, Youji Iiguni
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

This paper presents a hybrid ADPCM that combines linear and nonlinear predictors, so that the advantages of both predictors can be utilized. This method estimates the linear part of the observed signal by the linear predictor, and then compensates the linear prediction error by the database-based nonlinear predictor. We develop a database update procedure so that the database size is not monotonously increased and nonstationary signals can be treated. The hybrid ADPCM achieves faster processing speed than a single nonlinear ADPCM and better compression performance than a single linear ADPCM and a single nonlinear ADPCM.
Loosely Coupled TCP Acceleration Architecture
Authors: Leah Shalev, Vadim Makhervaks, Zorik Machulsky, Giora Biran, Julian Satran, Muli Ben-Yehuda, Ilan Shimony
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects (2006)

We present a novel approach for scalable network acceleration. The architecture uses limited hardware support and preserves protocol processing flexibility, combining the benefits of TCP offload and onload. The architecture is based on decoupling the data movement functions, accelerated by a hardware engine, from complex protocol processing, controlled by an isolated software entity running on a central CPU. These operate in parallel and interact asynchronously. We describe a prototype implementation which achieves multi-gigabit throughput with extremely low CPU utilization.
Pervasive Trusted Computing
Authors: Shane Balfe, Shiqun Li, Jianying Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Security, Privacy and Trust in Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (2006)

This paper will analyse the role Trusted Computing can play in a pervasive/ubiquitous environment. Traditionally, the ideology ofWeiser [32] and others when considering the pervasive computing vista, dictated that computers would invisibly integrate themselves into the background environment, providing useful services to users, as well as contextual information as to their surroundings. While mindful of this invisibility property, we will examine Trusted Computing as a component of devices that themselves hold the promise of ubiquity. In this respect, we examine a contrived application scenario in order to abstract a number of useful properties Trusted Computing can provide in a pervasive setting.
Optimization of Fabrication Process for a PDMS-SOG-Silicon Based PCR Micro Chip through System Identification Techniques
Authors: Venumadhav Korampally, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Yuanfang Gao, Sheila A. Grant, Steven B. Kleiboeker, Keshab Gangopadhyay, Jinglu Tan, Shubhra Gangopadhyay
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) micro-chip with integrated thin film heaters and temperature detectors has been realized on a silicon-SOG-PDMS (polydi( methyl) siloxane) platform. Accurate temperature sensing and control is important for a PCR reaction. This precludes the placement of the temperature sensor anywhere else but within the PCR chamber which can, in certain microchip designs complicate the fabrication methodology. This paper presents the design and optimal placement of a thin film resistance based temperature detector (RTD) for sensing of temperature response on the bottom of the chip (heater side) and predicting the temperature response on the top of the chip (PCR chamber side). Thermal modeling of the system has been performed using a parametric blackbox approach based on the input-output data. From the steady state response of the system, Pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS) have been generated and used to excite it. Second and fourth order ARX (Auto regressive with exogenous inputs) models have been derived for optimal control and their performances have been compared. Reduction of fabrication complexity in regards to optimal placement of temperature sensor has been proposed.
Confidence in Recognition Memory for Words: Dissociating Right Prefrontal Roles in Episodic Retrieval
Authors: R. N. A. Henson, M. D. Rugg, T. Shallice, R. J. Dolan
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (efMRI) to investigate brain regions showing differential responses as a function of confidence in an episodic word recognition task. Twelve healthy volunteers indicated whether their old-new judgments were made with high or low confidence. Hemodynamic responses associated with each judgment were modeled with an "early" and a "late" response function. As predicted by the monitoring hypothesis generated from a previous recognition study [Henson, R. N. A., Rugg, M. D., Shallice, T., Josephs, O., & Dolan, R. J. (1999a). Recollection and familiarity in recognition memory: An event-related fMRI study. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 3962-3972], a right dorsolateral prefrontal region showed a greater response to correct low- versus correct high-confidence judgements. Several regions, including the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and left lateral parietal cortex, showed greater responses to correct old than correct new judgements. The anterior left and right prefrontal regions also showed an old-new difference, but for these regions the difference emerged relatively later in time. These results further support the proposal that different subregions of the prefrontal cortex subserve different functions during episodic retrieval. These functions are discussed in relation to a monitoring process, which operates when familiarity levels are close to response criterion and is associated with nonconfident judgements, and a recollective process, which is associated with the confident recognition of old words.