ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Novel Content-based Information Hiding Scheme
Authors: Jun Kong, Hongru Jia, Xiaolu Li, Zhi Qi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

This paper presents a novel content-based hidden transmission method for secret data to improve the security and secrecy. In the proposed method, the secret data is encrypted by chaotic map before embedding. Then the cover image is segmented by watershed algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering. At last we extract the feature of each region and embed the secret data into the cover image according to the result of feature extraction. Our method can overcome the disadvantage of block-based steganographic techniques. Experimental results show that the security and performance of the proposed scheme are high.
Adapting Content to Client Resources in the Internet
Authors: Rakesh Mohan, John R. Smith, Chung-Sheng Li
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2 (1999)

We address the delivery of composite multimedia documents, namely Web pages, over the Internet to clients with diverse resources and capabilities. We do so by adapting the multimedia content to meet the client device characteristics. We model the adaptation process as a resource allocation problem in a generalized rate-distortion framework. In this framework, we address the issue of both multiple media types in a Web document and multiple resource types at the client. We extend this framework to allow prioritization on the content items in a Web document. We illustrate our content adaptation technique with a web server that adapts multimedia news stories to clients as diverse as workstations, PDAs and cellular phones.
Integrating antipatterns into the computer science curriculum
Authors: Jason Rogers, Chuck Pheatt
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2009)

Design patterns have gained popularity as content in software engineering (SE) and object oriented (OO) design courses after the book Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software was published in 1994. Design patterns provide a common vocabulary for expressing design concepts as well as an abstract language for relating them together. The goal of patterns is to create a body of literature to help software developers address recurring problems encountered throughout the software development process. In 1998 the book AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis spoke to software engineering practices that result in bad consequences in the software development life cycle. The authors discuss the basis of antipatterns, provide suggestions for integrating these concepts into the computer science curriculum and provide some insights into students' assessment of these concepts.
Morphological image processing for FM source detection and localization
Authors: P. Heidenreich, L. A. Cirillo, A. M. Zoubir
Venue: Signal Processing (2009)

We consider the problem of direction finding for frequency modulated signals impinging on an array of sensors. Making use of a time-frequency representation of the data, we are able to exploit the non-stationary nature of the source signals. We employ morphological image processing to estimate time-frequency signature segments of each source. For the direction finding we apply beamforming techniques on averaged spatial time-frequency distribution matrices. When they occur, overlapping segments are splitted and re-combined after direction finding. The re-combination of segments is based on a bootstrap test, which resamples time-frequency auto-term locations. The proposed method also allows direction finding for the underdetermined case, i.e. when there are more sources than the number of array sensors. Furthermore, it detects the number of sources present, and the detector performance is compared to information based criteria.
Inverse Halftoning Based on Bayesian Theorem
Authors: Yun-Fu Liu, Jing-Ming Guo, Jiann-Der Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Rim Symposium on Advances in Image and Video Technology (2009)

In this work, a method which can generate high quality inverse halftone images from halftone images is proposed. This method uses least-mean-square (LMS) trained filters to establish the relationship between the current processing position and its corresponding neighbor positions in each kind of halftone image. This includes direction binary search (DBS), error diffusion, dot diffusion, and ordered dithering. After which, the support region which is used for features extracting can be obtained by relabeling the LMS-trained filters by order of importance. Two features are used in this work: 1) the probability of black pixel occurrence at each position in the support region, and 2) the probability of mean occurrence which is obtained from all pixels in the support region. According to these data, the probabilities of all possible grayscale values appearance at current processing position can be obtained by Bayesian theorem. Consequently, the final output at this position is the grayscale value with highest probability. Experimental results show that the image quality and memory consumption of the proposed method are superior to Mese-Vaidyanathan's method.
Delayed Burst Segmentation for Multi-hop Optical Burst Switching Networks
Authors: Hongyun Zheng, Changjia Chen, Yongxiang Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02 (2009)

In Optical burst switching (OBS) networks burst segmentation is an efficient contention resolution for only the overlapped portion of a burst being dropped. However the inherent limitation of burst segmentation is that the policy for dropping segments works in the order of burst head packets arrival times rather than bursts arrival times order. It means that in multi-hop networks the policy for dropping segments may not be strictly maintained, which will result in challenges for segmentation-based scheduling algorithms and burst assembly schemes. Delayed burst segmentation is proposed so that segments are dropped in the order of bursts arrival times and can be strictly maintained to some extent.
Image Watermarking Based on Video Series Against Shearing
Authors: Minghui Deng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a robust watermark scheme against shearing attack for digital images based on video series wavelet transform. Based on the characteristics of the image theory and human visual system, the proposed method make use of the there-dimensional video wavelet transform to split the image to a sense of image videos and the watermark is adaptively weighed to the different positions of the middle frequency region. The method makes use of the characteristics of image 2D wavelet transform and the person’s sense of vision and shows excellent advantage against shearing attack. The method could show the watermark clearly when more than half of the image has been cut. Experimental results show this method excellent robustness for image shearing. The goal of this paper is to achieve robust digital image watermark against shearing. The algorithm performs well in StirMark test and is robust to geometrical attacks.
ODELO: an ontology-driven model for the evaluation of learning ontologies
Authors: Dimitris N. Kanellopoulos
Venue: International Journal of Learning Technology (2009)

Trying out or updating an existing learning ontology and providing evaluation tools to assess its quality are essential steps before putting an e-learning system online. Ontology evaluation is a crucial task and it is usually the output of an automatic process. This paper proposes an ontology-driven model, called Ontology-Driven model for the Evaluation of Learning Ontologies (ODELO), for the evaluation of ontologies representing learning resources with respect to syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, social and cohesion metrics. Syntax deals with the formal relations between signs (e.g., words, phrases, sentences) and the production of new ones. Semantics is the study of the relationships between the system of signs and their meanings. Pragmatics is the study of natural language understanding. Social metrics reflect the fact that software agents and ontologies coexist and communicate in communities. Ontology cohesion metrics refer to the degree of relatedness of ontology classes. ODELO is a deductive evaluation model that identifies the elements of ontological quality for learning ontologies. In this paper we propose a framework for assessing the quality of learning ontologies, which constitute the basis for intelligent educational Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) systems. We introduce a new pragmatic quality metric for assessing the quality of learning ontologies.
Second International Workshop on Location and the Web (LocWeb 2009)
Authors: Erik Wilde, Susanne Boll, Keith Cheverst, Peter Fröhlich, Ross Purves, Johannes Schöning
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Location and the Web (2009)

Location-Based Services are becoming increasingly Web-based, as a result of the availability of networked mobile devices and mobile Internet access. The "Location and the Web (LocWeb)" workshop targets the capabilities and constraints of Web-based location-based services, which can be implemented as browser-based applications, or as native applications using Web services. The focus of this CHI workshop is on developing approaches to handle the complexity of location-based services, specifically looking at location abstractions, location sharing, context-relevant information, privacy issues, and interface design. The goal of this workshop is to serve as a starting point for better understanding how the Web has to change to embrace location as a first-level concept, and how these changes are reflected in applications and user interfaces to transform the Web into a platform for location-based services.
D&eacute;monstration: ArcheoTUI
Authors: Patrick Reuter, Nadine Couture, Guillaume Rivière
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine (2008)

We designed ArcheoTUI on the demand of archeaologists and in a direct collaboration with them. Cultural objects of archeological findings are often broken and fractured into a large amount of fragments, and the archeologists are confronted by 3D puzzles when reassembling the fractured objects. We revealed that the tangible interface was accepted, and that all the users managed to solve simple assembly tasks.
Small scale multiprocessor soft IP (SSM IP): single FPGA chip area and performance evaluation
Authors: Xinyu Li, Omar Hammami
Venue: Proceeding of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays (2009)

Future generation multiprocessor system on chip (MPSOC) will be based on hundreds of processors connected through network on chips. One of the challenges is to tackle the design productivity required to reach this goal. We propose a NOC based small scale multiprocessor IP (SSM IP) as a building block for large scale multiprocessor. The architecture of the small scale multiprocessor is based on a 2x2 mesh with 3 Xilinx Microblaze processors and 2 SRAM on chip memories per switch. The network on chip topology is mesh for its scalability properties and easy extensibility. A clustered design has been preferred over a full mesh in order to fully exploit the data locality processing of image and multimedia applications. The implementation of the small scale multiprocessor has been realized by targeting the largest Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA chip the FX140. Design has been realized using the Xilinx tools (EDK, ISE) with the Xilinx library of IPs. The objective of the implementation was to design a multiprocessor of sufficient scale to be significant while leaving some chip area and resources for design space exploration. Images can be distributed equally among the shared memories of each cluster so that processors belonging to a cluster can operate on the image portion associated to a cluster. Architectural variations among 4 selected architectures demonstrate the area saving and performance potential of soft IP. In addition reasonable synthesis, place and route execution time and achieved target frequencies justify the design effort.
Models of a predator-prey relationship in a closed habitat
Authors: Charles E. Knadler,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

The ecological study of the wolf and moose populations of Isle Royale National Park (USA) is the longest running large mammal predator/prey study in the world. A discrete event simulation of the park's wolf and moose populations is used together with the study's data to evaluate four candidate ordinary differential models of predator/prey systems. Using a least squares technique, the parameters of the four ordinary differential equation systems are determined for the park's and the simulation data, then the models are compared using both objective and subjective criteria.
A Principle of Trajectory Planning for an Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Heping Hang, Gang Huo, Zixia Gong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (2009)

In this paper, a proposition about the relationship between path curve and cart motion is proposed and proved. Based on the proposition, the cubic polynomial is provided as a transition path. This is convenient for designing the trajectory and uniqueness for determining parameters of the path curves by the allowable minimal turn radius of cart. Experimental results, performed on the prototype cart, show that the cart tracks given paths with the cubic polynomial as a transition smoothly and accurately.
The impact of goal specificity and goal type on learning outcome and cognitive load
Authors: Joachim Wirth, Josef Künsting, Detlev Leutner
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2009)

Two hundred and thirty three 15-year old students conducted experiments within a computer-based learning environment. They were provided with different goals according to an experimental 2x2 design with goal specificity (nonspecific goals versus specific goals) and goal type (problem solving goals versus learning goals) as factors. We replicated the findings of other researchers that nonspecific problem solving goals lead to lower cognitive load and better learning than specific problem solving goals. For learning goals, however, we observed this goal specificity effect only on cognitive load but not on learning outcome. Results indicate that the goal specificity affects the element interactivity of a task and cognitive load with both, problem solving goals or learning goals. But differences in overall cognitive load are not sufficient for explaining differences in learning outcome. Additionally, differences in strategy use come into play. Specific problem solving goals seem to restrict students to use a problem solving strategy whereas nonspecific problem solving goals or learning goals allow students to use a learning strategy. We conclude that in order to foster learning, students must be provided with goals that allow them to use a learning strategy. Additionally, providing them with nonspecific goals decreases cognitive load and, thus, enables students to learn with less effort.
Flexible Rollback Recovery in Dynamic Heterogeneous Grid Computing
Authors: Samir Jafar, Axel Krings, Thierry Gautier
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (2009)

Large applications executing on Grid or cluster architectures consisting of hundreds or thousands of computational nodes create problems with respect to reliability. The source of the problems are node failures and the need for dynamic configuration over extensive run-time. This paper presents two fault-tolerance mechanisms called Theft Induced Checkpointing and Systematic Event Logging. These are transparent protocols capable of overcoming problems associated with both, benign faults, i.e., crash faults, and node or subnet volatility. Specifically, the protocols base the state of the execution on a dataflow graph, allowing for efficient recovery in dynamic heterogeneous systems as well as multi-threaded applications. By allowing recovery even under different numbers of processors, the approaches are especially suitable for applications with need for adaptive or reactionary configuration control. The low-cost protocols offer the capability of controlling or bounding the overhead. A formal cost model is presented, followed by an experimental evaluation. It is shown that the overhead of the protocol is very small and the maximum work lost by a crashed process is small and bounded.
The use of the Taguchi method with grey relational analysis to optimize the thin-film sputtering process with multiple quality characteristic in color filter manufacturing
Authors: Yu-Min Chiang, Hsin-Hsien Hsieh
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2009)

The paper proposes an approach to improve the yield of Chrome (Cr) thin-film sputtering process of the black matrix (BM) in color filter manufacturing and to find the robust parameters of the process with multiple quality characteristics by using the Taguchi method combined with the grey relational analysis. The research considers the correlation between quality characteristics and applies the principal component analysis to eliminate the multiple co-linearity. The weights of the quality characteristics are determined by employing the entropy measurement method. Two quality characteristics and four control factors with three levels were selected. Based on the Taguchi quality design concept, a L9 orthogonal array table was chosen for the experiments. The confirmation experiment verifies the proposed grey-based Taguchi method has the ability to find out the optimal process parameters with multiple quality characteristics. Besides, manufacturing with the attained optimal process parameters can reduce the opportunities of repair and rework of Cr thin-film and raise the yield.
Topology designs with controlled interference for multi-radio wireless mesh networks
Authors: K. L. Eddie Law, Adam Kohn
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems (2008)

Wireless access technologies have been maturing and becoming the natural selections to establish infrastructures of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) have recently been the popular choices to carry out experiments on wireless mesh networks. Numerous research directions are being investigated regarding, for example, signal interference, MAC protocol designs, channel assignments, path routing and metric selections, and transport layer performance analysis, etc. In this paper, we examine the relationship among topologies of wireless mesh networks, channel assignment issues, and number of radio tranceivers in the meshing stations. Path establishment protocol between source and destination stations for multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks is implemented for experiments. Different frequency channels are used for a multi-hop path setup operation. Setup durations for multi-hop connections are measured and reported in the paper.
Extending DEVS to support multiple occurrence in component-based simulation
Authors: Olivier Dalle, Bernard P. Zeigler, Gabriel A. Wainer
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

This paper presents a new extension of the DEVS formalism that allows multiple occurrences of a given instance of a DEVS component. This paper is a follow-up to a previous short paper in which the issue of supporting a new construction called a shared component was raised, in the case of a DEVS model. In this paper, we first demonstrate, formally, that the multi-occurrence extended definition, that includes the case of shared components, is valid because any model that is built using this extended definition accepts an equivalent model built using standard DEVS. Then we recall the benefits of sharing components for modeling, and further extend this analysis to the simulation area, by investigating how shared components can help to design better simulation engines. Finally, we describe an existing implementation of a simulation software that fully supports this shared component feature, both at the modeling and simulation levels.
BALANCE: towards a usable pervasive wellness application with accurate activity inference
Authors: Tamara Denning, Adrienne Andrew, Rohit Chaudhri, Carl Hartung, Jonathan Lester, Gaetano Borriello, Glen Duncan
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (2009)

Technology offers the potential to objectively monitor people's eating and activity behaviors and encourage healthier lifestyles. BALANCE is a mobile phone-based system for long term wellness management. The BALANCE system automatically detects the user's caloric expenditure via sensor data from a Mobile Sensing Platform unit worn on the hip. Users manually enter information on foods eaten via an interface on an N95 mobile phone. Initial validation experiments measuring oxygen consumption during treadmill walking and jogging show that the system's estimate of caloric output is within 87% of the actual value. Future work will refine and continue to evaluate the system's efficacy and develop more robust data input and activity inference methods.
Designing trustworthy situated services: an implicit and explicit assessment of locative images-effect on trust
Authors: Vassilis Kostakos, Ian Oakley
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

This paper examines a visual design element unique to situated, hot-spot style, services: locativeness. This is the extent to which the media representing a service relates to its immediate physical environment. This paper explores the effect of locativeness on trust with two studies assessing user attitudes in depth. The first is an implicit, or preconscious, test and the second an explicit test based on voiced value judgments. To provide a richer context, the second study contrasts locativeness with other traditional aspects of design: branding and quality. The results indicate users have a strong implicit association between locative images and trust, and that this is partially reflected in their explicit choices. This is an important interface aspect that designers should consider in order to create trustworthy situated services.
A real-time network simulation infrastructure based on OpenVPN
Authors: Jason Liu, Yue Li, Nathanael Van Vorst, Scott Mann, Keith Hellman
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2009)

We present an open and flexible software infrastructure that embeds physical hosts in a simulated network. In real-time network simulation, where real-world implementations of distributed applications and network services can run together with the network simulator that operates in real-time, real network packets are injected into the simulation system and subject to the simulated network conditions computed as a result of both real and virtual traffic traversing the network and competing for network resources. Our real-time simulation infrastructure has been implemented based on Open Virtual Private Network (OpenVPN), modified and customized to bridges traffic between the physical hosts and the simulated network. We identify the performance advantages and limitations of our approach via a set of experiments. We also present two interesting application scenarios to show the capabilities of the real-time simulation infrastructure.