ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Efficient binary translation in co-designed virtual machines
Authors: James E. Smith
Venue:  (2006)

In this dissertation, I explore a way of transcending the limitations of standard Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs) in order to design systems that provide both improved performance and reduced complexity, when compared with conventional hardware designs. The co-designed virtual machine (VM) paradigm decouples the traditional ISA hardware/software interface. A dynamic binary translation system maps standard ISA software to an innovative implementation-specific ISA implemented in hardware. A key enabler for this paradigm is an efficient dynamic binary translation system. As a specific context for this research, I explore a co-designed virtual machine system that implements the x86 instruction set on a processor that employs the architecture innovation of macro-op execution. A macro-op is formed by fusing a dependent pair of conventional, RISC-style micro-ops. First, I model major VM runtime overheads to find an overall balanced translation strategy. Second, I discuss efficient software binary translation algorithms for fusing macro-ops. Third, I propose primitive hardware assists that accelerate critical part(s) of dynamic binary translation. Finally, I outline the design of a complete complexity-effective co-designed x86 processor that integrates the above three VM enabling technologies. From this research, I found: (1) Dynamic binary translation can be modeled accurately from a memory hierarchy perspective. This modeling leads to a translation strategy that identifies hardware primitives and hot threshold setting. The result is an efficient dynamic binary translation system that combines the capability and flexibility of software translation systems with the low runtime overhead of conventional hardware translation systems. (2) Architecture innovations are enabled. The explored macro-op execution microarchitecture enhances superscalar processors via fused macro-ops. Macro-ops improve processor instruction level parallelism as well as reduce complexity. (3) The co-designed VM paradigm is very promising for future processors. A co-designed virtual machine not only provides superior steady-state performance, but also shows competitive startup performance to conventional processor designs. Overall, the VM paradigm achieves an efficient solution for future systems that features more capability, higher performance, and lower complexity/cost.
Privacy intrusion detection using dynamic Bayesian networks
Authors: Xiangdong An, Dawn Jutla, Nick Cercone
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

Concerns for personal information privacy could be produced during information collection, transmission and handling. In information handling, privacy could be compromised from both inside and outside of organizations. Within an organization, private data are generally protected by organizations' privacy policies and the corresponding platforms for privacy practices. However, private data could still be misused intentionally or unintentionally by individuals who have legitimate accesses to them. In general, activities of a database operator form a stochastic process, and at different time, privacy intrusion behavior may show different features. In particular, one's past activities can help determine the natures of his/her current practices. In this paper, we propose to use dynamic Bayesian networks to model such temporal environments and detect any privacy intrusions happened within them.
The Power of 10: Rules for Developing Safety-Critical Code
Authors: Gerard J. NASA/JPL Laboratory for Reliable Software
Venue: Computer (2006)

Adhering to a set of 10 verifiable coding rules can make the analysis of critical software components more reliable.
Novel Steganographic Schemes Based on Row-Major Mapping Relation
Authors: Chung-Chuan Wang, Chin-Chen Chang, Jinn-Ke Jan, Jieh-Shan Yeh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

This paper presents two concise novel steganographic schemes of strings comparing and formats converting based on the Row-Major Mapping Relation (RMMR). In general, the number of concealed secret bits( m) is far smaller than that of available host bits(n). Based on the property, we proved that if n \underline{\underline> } 2^m -1, the alteration rates of our proposed schemes are independent of n, and the alteration rates are close to m-1 when m is large. Even in the worst case that the amount of the secret bits is equal to that of the host bits and over half of the host bits are altered, our proposed scheme based on the Row-Major Mapping Relation with complement (RMMRwC) can decrease the alteration rate. From practical analyses and theoretical inductions, all results show that our novel schemes have advantages over steganography.
Arrival angle estimation in non-Gaussian noise
Authors: D. Sengupta, S. Palit
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

This paper considers the problem of estimating the direction of arrival of plane waves from sensor array data. It is shown through a multivariate generalization of Whittle's inequality that the least squares estimator and its subspace-based approximations are inefficient when the noise distribution is non-Gaussian. In order to improve efficiency, two computationally elegant extensions of the MUSIC algorithm are suggested. Computer simulations indicate that the proposed methods perform much better than MUSIC for non-Gaussian noise, while the performances of all the three methods are comparable for Gaussian noise.
Secure-System Design Methods: Evolution and Future Directions
Authors: Mikko T. Siponen
Venue: IT Professional (2006)

From checklists and standards to IS design methodologies, the design of secure systems must move once again toward even greater adaptability.
Mapping WS-CDL and BPEL into CSP for Behavioural Specification and Verification of Web Services
Authors: W. L. Yeung
Venue: Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services (2006)

The Web Service Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) and theWeb Service Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL) are two important standards for modelling and implementing workflows and business processes based on Web services. From the WS-CDL description of a Web services based business process, we may extract a behavioural specification against which the combined behaviour of the participating Web services should be verified. We show how to express this behavioural specification as well as the behaviour of individualWS-BPEL-based Web services in the formalism of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), which supports a formal approach to verifying the behaviour of collaborating Web services.
Generation of efficient parsers through direct compilation of XML schema grammars
Authors: E. Perkins, M. Matsa, M. G. Kostoulas, A. Heifets, N. Mendelsohn
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2006)

With the widespread adoption of SOAP and Web services, XML-based processing, and parsing of XML documents in particular, is becoming a performance-critical aspect of business computing. In such scenarios, XML is often constrained by an XML Schema grammar, which can be used during parsing to improve performance. Although traditional grammar-based parser generation techniques could be applied to the XML Schema grammar, the expressiveness of XML. Schema does not lend itself well to the generic intermediate representations associated with these approaches. In this paper we present a method for generating efficient parsers by using the schema component model itself as the representation of the grammar. We show that the model supports the full expressive power of the XML Schema, and we present results demonstrating significant performance improvements over existing parsers.
A Conceptual Model of Organizational Learning Based on Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Li Zhang, Yezhuang Tian, Zhongying Qi
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Knowledge has been the critical asset in organizations. Knowledge sharing is the basis of knowledge activities. And organizational learning is the basic way to make knowledge work more. This paper describes a conceptual model of organizational learning based on knowledge sharing. According to the factors influencing knowledge sharing, this paper analyzes the difficulties of knowledge sharing. Based on the system model and process model, this paper conceives a model of organizational learning.
The methodological soundness of requirements engineering papers: a conceptual framework and two case studies
Authors: R. J. Wieringa, J. M. G. Heerkens
Venue: Requirements Engineering (2006)

This paper was triggered by concerns about the methodological soundness of many RE papers. We present a conceptual framework that distinguishes design papers from research papers, and show that in this framework, what is called a research paper in RE is often a design paper. We then present and motivate two lists of evaluation criteria, one for research papers and one for design papers. We apply both of these lists to two samples drawn from the set of all submissions to the RE&#x2019;03 conference. Analysis of these two samples shows that most submissions of the RE&#x2019;03 conference are design papers, not research papers, and that most design papers present a solution to a problem but neither validate this solution nor investigate the problems that can be solved by this solution. We conclude with a discussion of the soundness of our results and of the possible impact on RE research and practice.
Boosting the Feature Space: Text Classification for Unstructured Data on the Web
Authors: Yang Song, Ding Zhou, Jian Huang, Isaac G. Councill, Hongyuan Zha, C. Lee Giles
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

The issue of seeking efficient and effective methods for classifying unstructured text in large document corpora has received much attention in recent years. Traditional document representation like bag-of-words encodes documents as feature vectors, which usually leads to sparse feature spaces with large dimensionality, thus making it hard to achieve high classification accuracies. This paper addresses the problem of classifying unstructured documents on the Web. A classification approach is proposed that utilizes traditional feature reduction techniques along with a collaborative filtering method for augmenting document feature spaces. The method produces feature spaces with an order of magnitude less features compared with a baseline bag-of-words feature selection method. Experiments on both real-world data and benchmark corpus indicate that our approach improves classification accuracy over the traditional methods for both Support Vector Machines and AdaBoost classifiers.
Higher-order beta matching with solutions in long beta-eta normal form
Authors: Kristian Støvring
Venue: Nordic Journal of Computing (2006)

Higher-order matching is a special case of unification of simply-typed lambda-terms: in a matching equation, one of the two sides contains no unification variables. Loader has recently shown that higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is undecidable, but decidability of higher-order matching up to beta-eta equivalence is a long-standing open problem.We show that higher-order matching up to beta-eta equivalence is decidable if and only if a restricted form of higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is decidable: the restriction is that solutions must be in long beta-eta normal form.
Towards formal model of adversarial action in multi-agent systems
Authors: Michal Pěchouček, Jan Tožička, Martin Rehák
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Detecting and preventing the adversarial action of an agent with respect to the community of agents can be a serious issue in the design of open multi-agent systems. This task is severely domain dependent and it is hard to find a general solution. This contribution presents a utility based model of adversarial action and analyses few properties of adversarial behavior in multi-agent systems. Potential use and important drawbacks of this model are discussed in the paper.
A framework for the representation of cohesion in small combat units
Authors: Andreas Tolk
Venue:  (2006)

Current combat simulations deal well with large unit formations, weapon systems, and physical effects such as attrition. Human factors such as morale, cohesion, and effects of stress are modeled much less adequately. Of the human factors affecting the psychology of a combat unit, military psychologists have identified cohesion as one of the most important. The concept of cohesion, referring to both the interpersonal relationships between soldiers in a military unit and to the morale solidarity of a military force, has been central to military analysis for many years. A model framework has been developed that can operationalize the concept of cohesion by measuring the relationship between members of a small combat unit to the individual soldier's reaction to battlefield stress. This framework is such that it will be able to be implemented in any modeled environment that has a need to represent cohesion within the context of a training or analysis experiment. To evaluate the assumption of constant human factors, a model was created to represent a classical Greek phalanx unit. Three historically based scenarios were run to validate the model. The results show that a model with the properties defined in the framework can represent a reasonable facsimile of infantry combat showing the effect of stress and cohesion. These results imply possible uses for the framework in the future of military training, analysis and experimentation using computer simulations.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation).
Games and Technology: Developing Synergy
Authors: Nahum Gershon, Ben Sawyer, J. R. (Jim) Parker
Venue: Computer (2006)

A game technologies task force could strengthen ties between the IEEE Computer Society and the game industry.
Functional Specialization within the Medial Frontal Gyrus for Perceptual Go/No-Go Decisions Based on "What," "When," and "Where" Related Information: An fMRI Study
Authors: Ardesheer Talati, Joy Hirsch
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Cortical systems engaged during executive and volitional functions receive and integrate input from multiple systems. However, these integration processes are not well understood. In particular, it is not known whether these input pathways converge or remain segregated at the executive levels of cortical information processing. If unilateral information streams are conserved within structures that serve high-level executive functions, then the functional organization within these structures would predictably be similarly organized. If, however, unilateral input information streams are integrated within executive-related structures, then activity patterns will not necessarily reflect lower organizations. In this study, subjects were imaged during the performance of a "perceptual go/no-go" task for which instructions were based on spatial ("where"), temporal ("when"), or object ("what") stimulus features known to engage unilateral processing streams, and the expected hemispheric biases were observed for early processing areas. For example, activity within the inferior and middle occipital gyri, and the middle temporal gyrus, during the what and when tasks, was biased toward the left hemisphere, and toward the right hemisphere during the "where" task. We discover a similar lateralization within the medial frontal gyrus, a region associated with high-level executive functions and decision-related processes. This lateralization was observed regardless of whether the response was executed or imagined, and was demonstrated in multiple sensory modalities. Although active during the go/no-go task, the cingulate gyrus did not show a similar lateralization. These findings further differentiate the organizations and functions of the medial frontal and cingulate executive regions, and suggest that the executive mechanisms operative within the medial frontal gyrus preserve fundamental aspects of input processing streams.
Applying Data Mining and Petri Net in Reengineering of Manufacture Management Information System
Authors: Shaoqin Wu, Chaoan Lai, Yanming Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

This paper studied association rules mining algorithm for mining process model in workflow log of manufacture management information system with XML technology, applied Petri Net in modelling, simulation and optimization of process model, and studied the method for reengineering and optimization of information system based on function units in terms of optimized process model, it was pointed that the difference between actual process model and the process model implied in information system would lead to the decrease of efficiency of information system, and the reengineering and optimization of information system based on actual optimized process model would lead to improvement of efficiency. It was proved with experiments that the association rules mining algorithm put forward in this paper is better than traditional algorithm Apriori in performance.
Book Review: Practical Intrusion Prevention
Authors: Juan M. Estevez-Tapiador
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2006)

A review of Intrusion Prevention and Active Response: Deploying Network and Host IPS by Michael Rash, Angela Orebaugh, Graham Clark, Becky Pinkard, and Jake Babbin
End-to-end routing behavior in the internet
Authors: Vern Paxson
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2006)

The large-scale behavior of routing in the Internet has gone virtually without any formal study, the exception being Chinoy's analysis of the dynamics of Internet routing information [Ch93]. We report on an analysis of 40,000 end-to-end route measurements conducted using repeated "traceroutes" between 37 Internet sites. We analyze the routing behavior for pathological conditions, routing stability, and routing symmetry. For pathologies, we characterize the prevalence of routing loops, erroneous routing, infrastructure failures, and temporary outages. We find that the likelihood of encountering a major routing pathology more than doubled between the end of 1994 and the end of 1995, rising from 1.5% to 3.4%. For routing stability, we define two separate types of stability, "prevalence," meaning the overall likelihood that a particular route is encountered, and "persistence," the likelihood that a route remains unchanged over a long period of time. We find that Internet paths are heavily dominated by a single prevalent route, but that the time periods over which routes persist show wide variation, ranging from seconds up to days. About 2/3's of the Internet paths had routes persisting for either days or weeks. For routing symmetry, we look at the likelihood that a path through the Internet visits at least one different city in the two directions. At the end of 1995, this was the case half the time, and at least one different autonomous system was visited 30% of the time.
A Framework for Regional Association Rule Mining in Spatial Datasets
Authors: Wei Ding, Christoph F. Eick, Jing Wang, Xiaojing Yuan
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

The immense explosion of geographically referenced data calls for efficient discovery of spatial knowledge. One of the special challenges for spatial data mining is that information is usually not uniformly distributed in spatial datasets. Consequently, the discovery of regional knowledge is of fundamental importance for spatial data mining. This paper centers on discovering regional association rules in spatial datasets. In particular, we introduce a novel framework to mine regional association rules relying on a given class structure. A reward-based regional discovery methodology is introduced, and a divisive, grid-based supervised clustering algorithm is presented that identifies interesting subregions in spatial datasets. Then, an integrated approach is discussed to systematically mine regional rules. The proposed framework is evaluated in a real-world case study that identifies spatial risk patterns from arsenic in the Texas water supply.
The reduction of mental strain using with the visual sign in virtual environment
Authors: Hiroshi Watanabe, Wataru Teramoto, Hiroyuki Umemura, Katsunori Matsuoka
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence (2005)

This paper describes whether a visual sign to denote the direction of motion reduces mental strain by whole-body acceleration stimuli in virtual environment (CAVE and motion base).
DAWL: a delayed-ACK scheme for MAC-level performance enhancement of wireless LANs
Authors: Dzmitry Kliazovich, Fabrizio Granelli
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2005)

The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides a reliable link layer using Stop & Wait ARQ. The cost for high reliability is the overhead due to acknowledgement packets in the direction opposite to the actual data flow. In this paper, the design of a new protocol as an enhancement of IEEE 802.11 is proposed, with the aim of reducing supplementary traffic overhead and increasing the bandwidth available for actual data transmission. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated through comparison with IEEE 802.11 as well as with a SSCOP-based protocol. Results underline significant advantages of the proposed protocol against existing ones, thus confirming the value and potentiality of the approach.
Schema Repository for Database Schema Evolution
Authors: Hassina Bounif, Rachel Pottinger
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

The paper presents a schema repository, an original repository containing different kinds of database schemas. The repository is part of a multidisciplinary approach for schema evolution called the predictive approach for database evolution. The schema repository has a dual role in the approach: (1) during the datamining process, the repository identifies and analyzes trends on collected schemas belonging to the same domain. (2) the repository is used in the building of the requirements ontology - a domain ontology that contributes in the database design and its evolution. This paper presents both the design and a heuristic-based method to populate such a repository.
Introducing virtual engineering technology into interactive design process with high-fidelity models
Authors: Gengxun Huang, Kenneth Mark Bryden
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Product design is a complex decision-making process requiring intense interaction between designers and the designed product. Consequently, the design process is significantly different from a pure mathematical optimization. This paper presents a decision support platform for interactive design that integrates mathematical optimization with human interaction based on VE-Suite. Current efforts are geared toward seamlessly linking high fidelity models, numerical optimization and human interaction to improve efficiency and quality in system performance. The designer's interaction causes the optimization process to dynamically change by adding, deleting, and modifying objectives, constraints, and other parameters that govern the process. As an illustration, a coal pipe design case is used to demonstrate the new platform's capabilities. The case has demonstrated that adding user interaction into the design process has the potential to improve design efficiency and quality.