ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A computer science microcomputer laboratory
Authors: N. Solntseff
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

This paper discusses the objectives of a microcomputer laboratory established to support the Computer Science programmes at McMaster University. Three objectives are identified: 1. To serve as the means of reinforcing the understanding of fundamental computer concepts by students; 2. To enable faculty, staff, and students in any university department to learn about microcomputers and how microcomputers can be used to provide a solution of their problems; 3. To provide facilities for high-school students and teachers to become familiar with microcomputers and their impact on society as well as for bringing &ldquo;computer literacy&rdquo; to the community at large. The equipment purchased for the microcomputer laboratory is described and future plans are outlined.
A new circuit placement program for FET chips
Authors: K. W. Lallier, R. K. Jackson
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

A new solution to the problem of automated placement of FET circuits has been implemented. This new approach automatically realizes a global solution to the problem yielding circuit location, circuit orientation, all cross column wires and blanks between circuits, thus eliminating many of the most tedious and error prone steps in physical design. The technique is based upon &ldquo;natural selection&rdquo; and obtains a solution using a series of sweeps through the columns evolving circuit position and cross column wiring assignments together. Scoring is done to minimize column peaks.
Trends in semiconductor hardware for graphics systems (Panel)
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

During the next 5 - 10 years, text and graphic systems will tend to merge because of the demand for a more productive man/machine interface, failing memory costs and the availability of higher performance VLSI controllers. This panel will discuss video controllers, memory components and their architectures, graphic systems configurations and the evolution of enhanced system performance versus reduced system cost.
Specifications in a Data Independent Accessing Model
Authors: E. B. Altman, M. M. Astrahan, P. L. Fehder, M. E. Senko
Venue: Proceedings of 1972 ACM-SIGFIDET workshop on Data description, access and control (1972)

The Data Independent Accessing Model (DIAM) Project of the Information Sciences Department of IBM Research is directed towards developing an architectural basis for an advanced data base system - a data base system which, in addition to providing advanced functional capabilities and a new level of data independence, is not limited either in the access paths which can be declared (in order to support the user-specified information collections) or in the encodings which are possible for those access paths. We have already been presented with a general overview of the basic system (1). In that overview, DIAM was seen to be composed of 4 basic levels of description: the Entity Set Model the String Structure Model the Encoding Model the Physical Device Model. In this paper we shall concentrate on the middle two of these levels - the String Structure and the Encoding Models.
Timed Petri nets and preliminary performance evaluation
Authors: W. M. Zuberek
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

It is shown that the behavior of a certain class of timed Petri nets can be represented by a finite labeled directed graph in which the labels describe times and probabilities of transitions between vertices of the graph. Further analysis of such a graph can be done by techniques known for Markov chains. The method is applied to evaluation of some performance indices for two simple processor architectures. The timed Petri nets modeling the processors are shown and the resulting performance indices are compared. Some other architectures are discussed shortly.
Modeling Computer Privacy Costs
Authors: Robert C. Goldstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

This paper describes two models that have been developed to estimate the costs associated with imposing privacy-oriented regulations on information systems. Some characteristics of the computer-privacy problem that suggest the choice of a model-based approach are discussed briefly. A first, relatively simple, model is described and is then used as the basis for a more sophisticated one of greater usefulness. The final section of the paper discusses the problem of validation and indicates how such models can be used in practical situations.
Priority scheduling rules for a combined production-inventory system: A simulation analysis
Authors: William L. Berry
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

One proposal for improving the combined performance of a shop and its associated inventory system is to incorporate inventory information into priority scheduling rules. This paper describes several ways that inventory information can be used for scheduling purposes. It also reports the results of simulation experiments that were conducted to evaluate the gain in performance resulting from the inclusion of inventory data in scheduling rules. The results of these experiments indicate that in designing scheduling rules, an increase in the amount and availability of inventory data is far less important in improving manufacturing performance than the application of a modest amount of inventory theory.
A topologically adaptable cellular router
Authors: James R. Allen
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

This paper describes a printed circuit routing program based on a cellular least-cost path finding algorithm. The program uses four bits of random access storage per cell and provides a mechanism for programming the path-cost function to model a variety of physical constraints.
Basic program design - the Jackson way: An example
Authors: Kenneth T. de Lavigne
Venue: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference (1977)

The techniques of Michael Jackson offer a constructive, teachable and repeatable method for the design of correct programs. At the heart of his approach is the principle that program structure should precisely mirror the structure of the data processed. Jackson believes that functional-decomposition methods are too difficult because they tackle the problem directly by considering the functional specification &mdash;which presents too many choices and too few criteria of the correctness of the choices made. This paper shows the solution of a simple data processing problem, illustrating the practicality and rationality of the Jackson design method.
A new approach to structural partitioning of computer logic
Authors: Hans J. Groeger
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

In the past, constructive partitioning algorithms mostly tried to cluster logic elements on the basis of &ldquo;maximal connectedness&rdquo;. Although this tends to reduce external pin requirements, a much emphasized &ldquo;functional partitioning&rdquo; was generally not achieved. This paper presents a new approach to partitioning by taking into account certain structural qualities of logic circuits, namely loops and reconverging fan-out subnets.
Real time information processing II: Automatic error recovery in the Nike-Zeus guidance computer
Authors: G. A. Champine, G. M. Griffith
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

A REAL-TIME SYSTEM cannot, by definition, afford the shock of errors to disrupt its reaction to the real events relating to the system. This presentation will show how the complete recovery from transient errors can be accomplished and how some types of catastrophic (solid) errors can be ignored with a minimum of shock to the system. The system to be described is one developed for the Nike-Zeus guidance computer system The Nike-Zeus Target Intercept Computer (TIC) has the task of guiding the Nike-Zeus missiles to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles. Since control of the missile must be maintained, the system must be capable of an optimum-shock recovery. Time constants in intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles are so short that there is not time to diagnose a failure. The computer must recover quickly, remain synchronized with the rest of the battery, and continue to guide missiles. The Nike-Zeus recovery system functions with a balance of hardware-program error detection and control. The hardware signals the operating program of any irregularity by means of error interrupts. Once notified, the interrupt control program selects the correct course of action depending on the mode of operation and the recovery previously established by the interrupted program.
Social aspects and responsibilities (A Panel Session): Computer applications to arms control
Authors: C. C. Abt
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

THE ONLY SAFE METHOD of experimentally testing, in an objective fashion, plans for arms control and disarmament may be testing by computer simulation. The alternatives are untested implementation or continued subjective evaluation based on personal bias and only partial analysis of the significant variables. Computer simulation may be uniquely necessary to gain both understanding of and confidence in alternative arms control proposals.
On-line Ecological Data Validation: an expansion of a minicomputer-based key entry system
Authors: Malcolm G. Lane, Henry K. Hess
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

Minicomputer-based data entry systems often lack the capability to validate specialized and complex data in many applications. One such application is in the entry of taxonomic data produced in ecological studies. An Ecological Data Validation System (EDVAL) has been developed to facilitate the entry of such data. EDVAL is a subsystem of a minicomputer-based key entry system. The techniques used to implement EDVAL and the value of the system are discussed. The use of EDVAL is illustrated.
Context-sensitive, graphic presentation of information
Authors: Mark Friedell, Jane Barnett, David Kramlich
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1982)

We begin by reviewing spatial data management&mdash;the technique of accessing and organizing information via its graphical representation in an organized spatial framework. We describe an operational prototype system that exceeds the capabilities of other spatial data management systems in two ways: (1) the graphical presentation of data is tailored to the user's identity, task, and database query; and (2) the system has the capacity for large databases. These capabilities are possible because the system dynamically generates its graphics environment. Our technique for dynamically generating the graphics environment relies on modeling of user context, semantic modeling of the underlying database, and direct use of knowledge about design layout and the utility of pictures. We briefly describe our current research efforts to extend this knowledge-based approach to automatic graphics environment synthesis. A videotape demonstrating the system accompanies this paper.
T01A-programming languages: T01A5-Computer-aided boolean algebra
Authors: J. Millo, C. Rey
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd annual computer science conference on Program information abstracts (1974)

A system allowing fast boolean manipulation on a CYBER 74 has been written.1 This set of Compass and Fortran routines allows definition and processing of boolean monomials and polynomials of up to 48 variables. Elementary boolean operations (AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE-OR,...) as well as complex special-purpose manipulations (CONSENSUS, BOOLEAN DIFFERENCE .... ) are defined. Evaluations of polynomials is also possible. A comprehensive set of input-output functions allows a user to define polynomials either explicitely in terms of monomials written in algebraic form or, more compactly, by means of a list of decimal numbers each o f which is equivalent to one product. The system is presently under test for complex algorithms like the covering problem2 (combinational circuit minimization) and test vector generation.3 It will be described and results from these preliminary experiments will be given.
Benchmarking interactive systems: Producing the software
Authors: Christopher R. Spooner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Simulation, measurement and modeling of computer systems (1979)

The author has recently developed a new methodology of benchmarking, which is being applied to a procurement in which (a) a single integrated interactive application is to span a distributed configuration of computing hardware, (b) the configuration is unknown when the benchmark is being developed, and (c) the application software will be written after the benchmark has been run. The buyer prepares a simulation model of the intended application in the form of programs that will run on the hardware being benchmarked. Each competing vendor is expected to tune the performance of this model to the hardware configuration that he has proposed, so he will require several versions of the model. This presents the buyer with a formidable software-production problem, which is further complicated by a requirement for extreme flexibility and reliability. The paper addresses the software-production problem and describes its solution. The solution was to develop an automated code-production system based on two principal design features. First, the model and its translator are both written in the same language; secondly, the common language is selected on the basis of readability and extensibility. The paper examines why this approach to the code-production problem was successful. Though the code-production system was developed to support a particular benchmarking approach, it should also be useful in other modeling situations. Indeed it might be of interest in any field where readability, reliability, ease of maintenance, and economy of programming effort are considered important.
A module interchange placement machine
Authors: Alexander Iosupovicz, Clarence King, Melvin A. Breuer
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The interchange of pairs of modules is used in a number of popular automatic placement routines in which it is the most time-consuming computation. A system for automatic placement based on iterative placement improvement algorithms which use module interchange is presented. The major attribute of this system is in the hardware implementation of the computation of the cost increment for the new placement resulting from the interchange of two modules. The system was constructed and its results indicate that a speed-up could be achieved of one order of magnitude or better in comparison with software implementations.
Separation of Chinese characters from graphics
Authors: Jiing-Yuh Wang, Liang-Hua Chen, Kuo-Chin Fan, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

In this paper, we propose a robust algorithm to separate Chinese characters from line drawings. This approach is based on the clustering of all feature points in the images. Using our algorithm, all Chinese characters can be completely separated from graphics without regard to the size, orientation and location of Chinese characters even if the characters touching or overlapping line problem occurs. Experiments show that our algorithm can be applied to both geographical information systems and forms processing.
On the reliability of the CDP and CCP examinations
Authors: James S. Ketchel
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

Are the CDP and CCP examinations reliable? This paper examines the nature of test reliability and methods of obtaining data to calculate the reliability coefficient. Data for recent years for both examinations are given.
State of the art issues in distributed databases (Panel Session): Form-Flow Application Development
Authors: L. Rowe
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

The development of inexpensive, powerful, microcomputers with bit-mapped graphics displays and local area networks makes it possible to provide each person in a office with a personal computer which can communicate with other computers and shared resources (e.g. printers and data). These personal computers can be used to automate many of the office tasks which currently use paper forms, telephone communication, and filing cabinets and thereby improve office worker productivity. Unfortunately, existing programming languages and application development tools are not well-matched to the full-screen interactive user interfaces and the multiuser form-flow applications that these office systems require. As a result, application programs to automate offices are complex, unreliable, expensive, and time-consuming to produce. Examples of these systems are keeping track of papers submitted to a journal, bug reports sent to a software organization, and purchase orders sent to a company. We have developed an interactive, Form-flow Application Development System (FADS) which will make it easier to build these applications. The system has built-in forms (e.g. data entry and report forms), tools for combining many forms into an application (e.g. using data entered into a data entry form as arguments to a database query that produces data for a report form), facilities to send data (i.e. forms) to another user, and triggering mechanisms to allow a user's attention to be directed to important information (e.g. that a bug fix is overdue). Moreover, applications are developed interactively using the same form-based user interface as the applications being created.
Simulation of a filter rod manufacturing process
Authors: J. S. Carson,  II, N. Wilson, D. Carroll, C. H. Wysowski
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

This paper discusses a GPSS V simulation model of a filter rod manufacturing process at the Macon, Georgia Branch of the Brown Williamson Tobacco Corporation. This automated filter rod process produces and stores filter rods for use as needed by the cigarette fabrication process. We discuss the purpose and structure of the model as well as its validation and uses. With this model, the characteristics of individual machine components, the capacity of in-process inventory buffers, and the demand for filter rods can be specified as inputs and overall system performance predicted. Under certain conditions of machine breakdown and/or depletion of the inventory buffer, operators must manually supply rods to the cigarette fabrication process. One purpose of the model is to predict which combinations of machine components and which size of inventory buffer maintain a high utilization of the filter rod making machine while keeping operator interventions to an acceptable level.
Operating systems, editors and application packages: Conceptual and terminological problems facing new users of BMDP and SPSS (abstract only)
Authors: William Bezdek
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - I): Information processing in the social sciences and humanities - Volume 1981 (1981)

The purpose of this presentation is to describe an alternative sociology course that links student computer skills with available social survey data. Students are given access to a file of SPSS programs which they can easily modify to fit their own purposes. Using the General Social Survey they can test hypotheses on current data reflecting their interests. The broad range of data allows beginning students with little or no previous computer experience to investigate a wide variety of topics.
The bureau of labor statistic's Table Producing Language (TPL)
Authors: Rudolph C. Mendelssohn
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1 (1974)

A national statistical agency such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics usually produces the results of its surveys in tabular form at the cost of a substantial portion of its data processing resources. The tables are often quite complex with common requirements for cross tabulation of irregular patterns of hierarchical data files with many intermediate levels of summarization, percentage distributions, measures of statistical precision, and intricate publication formats. The Table Producing Language (TPL) has been designed and implemented as a general tool for producing statistical tables. The syntax of the language allows the user to construct expressions representing the desired tables and auxiliary operations. The expressions are problem oriented, nonprocedural, compact, and written with English-like nomenclature. Together with a Codebook, they allow the specification of complex data reduction, cross tabulation, and table generation operations. Users may be research economists, statisticians and other social scientists who need not have experience with conventional computer programming languages, as well as computer oriented staff concerned with production tasks.
An approach to Stored Data Definition and Translation
Authors: James P. Fry, Diane P. Smith, Robert W. Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of 1972 ACM-SIGFIDET workshop on Data description, access and control (1972)

The CODASYL Stored Data Definition and Translation Task Group has for the past two years been investigating the major components necessary in a language for data translation. Data translation is defined as the process whereby data that can be processed on one computer (the source file) can be translated into a form (the target file) which can be used by the same or a different processing system on a possibly different computer. Two languages are necessary&mdash;a Stored Data Definition Language to characterize the logical structure and physical realization of the source and target files, and a Translation Definition Language for defining how target file data instances are to be derived from source file data instances. This report discusses major components of each language and provides sample statements in terms of an example data translation from a COBOL file to a NIPS/360 file.
Research directions in software technology
Authors: Peter Wegner
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

This paper reports on the results of a study, sponsored by AFOSR, ARO and ONR, of current and future research directions in technological areas of computer science. This study is similar in spirit to the NSF-sponsored COSERS (Computer Science and Engineering Research Study) project, but is narrower in scope, emphasizing concepts and research issues relevant to software technology rather than the whole spectrum of research directions in computer science. It was started in the summer of 1975 and has resulted in a book to be published by the MIT press in the summer of 1978. Section 1 of this paper discusses the objectives and organization of the book and introduces a framework for structuring the subject matter of software technology which parallels the structure of the book. Sections 2 and 3 respectively discuss the impact on research of the changing technological environment and the unusual nature of software products. Sections 4-7 present a detailed summary of the contributions of individual chapters. Section 8 enumerates research directions for each of the areas considered. Section 9 briefly considers time horizons and funding philosophies.