ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Using chains and groups to make GPSS more efficient
Authors: Donald Ingerman
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

This presentation will attempt to demonstrate the capability inherent in GPSS beyond the original intent of the language developers. For the efficient use of GPSS it is necessary to determine what you want to do and then determine how best to represent it. It is often necessary to change the perspective of the problem&mdash;e.g., model the buffer management problem rather than the data-base management problem&mdash;to effect a simple and efficient solution. The effective application of user chains in all their different aspects can appreciably reduce the analyst's efforts and at the same time increase the efficiency of the simulation. This position was demonstrated in a head-to-head competition with SIMULA and a GPSS/360 equivalent (4). It required eight times longer to complete the task using a traditional implementation in GPSS 1100.
Extraction of reference lines from documents with grey-level background using sub-images of wavelets
Authors: Y. Y. Tang, Hong Ma, Dihua Xi, Yi Cheng, C. Y. Suen
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

Based on wavelets, a new theoretical method has been developed to process form documents. In this method, two-dimensional multiresolution analysis (MSA), wavelet decomposition algorithm, and compactly supported orthonormal wavelets are used to transform a document image into sub-images. According to these sub-images, the reference lines of forms can be extracted, and knowledge about the geometric structure of the document can be acquired. Experiments prove that this new method can be applied to process documents with promising results.
Fast allocation of nearby resources in a distributed system
Authors: Nancy A. Lynch
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1980)

Dijkstra's informally-stated Dining Philosophers problem [D] involves a number n of philosophers sitting in a circle, a single fork between each pair of adjacent philosophers. The problem is to program the philosophers in ways which guarantee certain conditions of fairness and absence of deadlock. In this paper, the problem is generalized to a distributed system resource allocation problem which is local in two senses. First, although the system and number of users can be very large, there is a limit to the overlap in resource demands of different users. The second condition can be thought of as a property of the geography of the network - the resources are (or can be) located in the network in such a way that communication between a user and any of its required resources is fast.
A multiple subsystem simulator of processor scheduling
Authors: Thomas E. Reeves, Udo W. Pooch
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Simulation of computer systems (1975)

A multiple subsystem simulator of processor scheduling for performance of a time-sharing system has been developed and validated. This subsystem utilizes an objective function which considers both processor time as well as memory management requests. A previously developed iterative optimization procedure is utilized to provide measures of performance optimization, i.e. optimization with respect to variables in the software and management control in a hardware - fixed environment. The developed simulator has been applied to several scheduler models, solved, and validated. Representative models that have been analyzed include Hellerman's scheduling functions, roundrobin, FB2.and FB3.
Computer Education Technology (Panel Discussion)
Authors: Narayanan Ramasubramanian
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference (1979)

This session will be concerned with the state of art in Computer Education Technology (CET), in Universities, Industry and Government. The need for such a technology comes from many sources: to provide the best possible training to everyone; full utilization of such training in industry; research and educational needs; special purpose hardware development and the public awareness of computers in day to day life in the future. It is hoped that this session will examine the pros and cons of CET and open up research in the area of CET and closely relate it to industrial and social needs with a best cost-benefit ratio.
A layout system for high precision design of progressive die
Authors: Kazuyuki Inoue, Masahiko Adachi, Toru Funayama
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

This paper describes new algorithms for designing die layout and die components to be constructed by punch and die. A software system for implementing the algorithms in an integrated CAD design process is also described.
A study of entity-based database interfaces (abstract only)
Authors: M. M. Mantei, R. G.G. Cattell
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - II): Human interface and the user interface - Volume 1981 (1981)

A study is presented of a database system interface in which an entity (a concept) and the relationships in which it is involved are displayed to the user: the user is permitted to move about in the database by selecting entities related to the current one displayed. The database system is intended as a personalized database (PDB) for a scientist, student, manager, or anyone who has a need for a fast mechanism for storing and organizing a wide variety of information. The study is exploratory recording baseline times and types of behavior for a variety of personal information management tasks performed by one individual. Data entry, information retrieval, and browsing behavior are examined and contrasted to behavior with more conventional storage media.
&ldquo;A 1 the documentation in sharable modules&rdquo;
Authors: Diana Patterson
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

This is a position paper for a panel session on Tips and Techniques of Documentation. The tip here is to keep documents small, and, whenever possible, in a format and style that will allow documents to be tailored to various reader levels as the need arises. Modular documents are good sense not only to documentation being done in the conventional means of typing or word processing, but also to on-line documents over networks, or for information resource management systems. Good planning, however, is essential to ensure that the modules are useful for the greatest variety of applications. Documentation is becoming more vital to the computer literate society that it ever was under the computer elite. Users are demanding to know what the systems they pay for are capable of, and some of the technical premises on which they were built. At the same time the increase in computer literacy means a stricter division of information according to the need-to-know, both because security is of increasing concern, and because users would rather use the system than waste their time reading inapplicable material. Since the purpose of computerizing so much of our society is to eliminate repetitive and boring tasks, we should not impose them on the documentation staff. At the same time we should not require the user to wade through material which was easy for the staff to create, but is difficult for him to digest. An important aid in providing balanced information without boring and repetitive work, is modular, sharable documentation. Modular documents have existed for some time. The modules were not always designed to be shared among readers or among documents, however. They were usually delineated by the completeness of the thought and the visibility on a page or screen. These are still important criteria for establishing the limits of modules, however, the additional constraints imposed by sharability will eventually provide considerable flexibility of design, and more readable documents.
An experimental investigation of the effect of program structure on program understanding
Authors: Tom Love
Venue: Proceedings of an ACM conference on Language design for reliable software (1977)

A within-subjects experimental design was used to test the effect of two variables on program understanding. The independent variables were complexity of control flow and paragraphing of the source code. Understanding was measured by having the subjects memorize the code for a fixed time and reconstruct the code verbatim. Also some subjects were asked to describe the function of the program after completing their reconstruction. The two groups of subjects for the experiment were students from an introductory programming class and from a graduate class in programming languages. The major findings were that paragraphing of the source had no effect for either group of subjects but that programs with simplified control flow were easier for the computer science students to understand as measured by their ability to reconstruct the programs. The dependent variable, rated accuracy of their description of the programs functions, did not differ as a function of either independent variable. The paper is concluded with a description of the utility of this experimental approach relative to improving the reliability of software and a discussion of the importance of these findings.
Single-Character Segmentation for Handprinted Thai Word
Authors: Meechai Lohakan Surapan Airphaiboon, Manas Sangworasil
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

In this paper, a new scheme for extracting hand-printed Thai characters from a given word script is proposed. The principal domain of application is the character-type identification (vowel, consonant and tonal symbol). The type of character play an important role in many hand-printed Thai character recognition system. The approach is based on global feature analysis, for instance, consonant character segmentation using a projection profile. Firstly, a brief description of Thai character and Thai word structure is described. Thai words are consequently extracted from input document. The slant angle for each word is computed and normalized by using afine transform. In this word, the consist characters are extracted and character-types are identified. Eventually, an isolate single-character and its type is obtained. In experimental result, 100 samples of document (hand-printed Thai words) written by 10 subjects are implemented.
Ethical questions and military dominance in next generation computing
Authors: Paul Smolensky
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on The fifth generation challenge (1984)

American response to the Fifth Generation Project has been dominated by DARPA's Strategic Computing Initiative, which proposes to develop ambitious software and hardware technology for explicit military applications. The Initiative generates two classes of ethical questions: * how well will non-military social goals be furthered by this approach to computing development? * how well will national security goals be furthered by this approach to defense, and what role in social policy-assessment is to be played by computer professionals?
Application of finite element methods to solving immiscible displacement problems with sharp fronts
Authors: Harvey S. Price
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGNUM meeting on Software for partial differential equations (1975)

Many reservoir engineering problems involve solving fluid flow equations, whose solutions are characterized by sharp fronts and low dispersion levels. This is particularly important in tracking small slugs which are characteristic of chemical floods, polymer floods, first and multiple contact hydrocarbon miscible displacements and most thermal processes. The use of finite difference approximations to solve these problems when low dispersion levels and small slugs need to be accurately modeled is prohibitively expensive. In two dimensions, as many as 500 grid blocks on a side would be required in order to obtain the necessary accuracy. However, the use of high order finite element schemes are shown to be a very effective means of economically solving this problem. This paper presents some numerical results of a research project recently completed which has demonstrated that high order finite element methods can be used to solve difficult reservoir engineering problems where finite difference approximations would be prohibitively expensive.
Timing analysis for digital fault simulation using assignable delays
Authors: E. W. Thompson, S. A. Szygenda, N. Billawala, R. Pierce
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th Design Automation Workshop (1974)

The techniques to be described in this paper are generally applicable to any time domain, parallel fault, digital logic simulation system. The particular implementation was done on the CC-TEGAS3 system and quoted results are from this system. The first technique to be considered provides accuracy of fault simulation when using assignable nominal delays for different element types. The second technique provides for handling fault induced activity in a network, in such a way as to considerably reduce the amount of simulation time required.
Random-valued switching algebra
Authors: Gerard Boussuet
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on Multiple-valued logic (1976)

This abstract introduces an algebra defined in order to formalize the hardware operators of the ULM (Unites logiques modulaires microprogrammees)2. Such a work takes place between the &ldquo;Top down&rdquo; researches on the computer applications of many-valued logics. (From POST and SU-CHEUNG Algebras 3,4, essentially VRANESIC-LEE-SMITH5 algebra based upon the cyclic gate and the BIRK-FARMER1 design of multivalued combinational switching circuits based upon the literal and compound literal gate) and the &ldquo;Bottom up&rdquo; researches on the computer operators formalization. Thus, this algebra is an engineering approach of the computer applications of many valued logics.
Modelling and scheduling of computer programs for parallel processing systems
Authors: J. L. Baer, E. C. Russell
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

Computer programs which involve large amounts of computation time are targets for analysis to determine two factors; (1)the portions of the program which are most time-consuming, and (2) the effect upon solution time of multiprocessor systems [1]. In our automatic modelling system, analysis begins with a working source program written in a language such as FORTRAN. From this source program a graphical representation is prepared. The initial graph represents the program just as it might be processed on a single processor. In this model the flow of control, as explicitly stated by the programmer, is separated from the flow implicit in the language. Data-dependency is also recorded.
Recognition and representation of parallel processable streams in computer programs-II (Task/process Parallelism)
Authors: C. V. Ramamoorthy, M. J. Gonzalez
Venue: Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference (1969)

Advances in the areas of hardware technology, processor organization and programming science have given fresh impetus to research in parallel processing within single job streams. Given a program with a large degree of inherent parallelism, the theoretical time required for problem solution can be reduced &ldquo;by a factor at least as great as the number of processors&rdquo; [1]. A need exists for new techniques for detecting parallel processable segments in sequentially coded programs and for indicating (representing) parallelism during actual program writing and coding. In a companion paper [4], the authors considered some methods of detecting and representing parallel processable &ldquo;subtasks&rdquo; within a task (process). In this paper we shall study the techniques of recognizing and representing parallel processable tasks within a single job stream (program).
Test strategy for microprocessers
Authors: Sunil K. Jain, Alfred K. Susskind
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

We divide microprocessor testing into three distinct phases: verification of the control and data transfer functions; verification of the data-manipulation functions; and verification of the input-output functions. Here we deal in detail only with the first of these. To verify control, appropriate additional signals inside the chip are used and made observable at the terminal pins of the microprocessor chip. Complete instruction sequences, executed in a test mode, then serve to verify the control functions. Procedures for doing this are given and also for verifying data transfer functions.
Happe Honeywell Associative Parallel Processing Ensemble
Authors: Orin E. Marvel
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual symposium on Computer architecture (1973)

Many problems, inherent in air traffic control, weather analysis and prediction, nuclear reaction, missile tracking, and hydrodynamics have common processing characteristics that can most efficiently be solved using parallel &ldquo;non-conventional&rdquo; techniques. Because of high sensor data rates, these parallel problem solving techniques cannot be economically applied using the standard sequential computer. The application of special processing techniques such as parallel/associative processing are still resisted because it is a change from the norm. Past implementations utilized special hardware, custom circuits and complex designs. The Honeywell Associative Parallel Processing Ensemble (HAPPE) was built to demonstrate the basic simplicity of hardware concepts inherent in parallel associative processing. HAPPE is implemented with the same standard circuit building blocks (MSI's, ROM's, and RAM's) that are used in all conventional computers. By using standard building blocks a long time objection to associative memory systems, that of requiring special purpose (low usage) circuits is overcome. The parallel/associative processing element can be both powerful and versatile. The HAPPE architecture proves that one processor element can perform both correlation (associative) and arithmetic processing. The HAPPE demonstrator has become a valuable tool in training system designers and programmers to recognize that new &ldquo;thinking&rdquo; can be applied to advanced processing system implementations.
A measurement of alertness based on electroencephalographic time series analysis
Authors: D. S. Himmelman, J. T. Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting (1961)

Can the electrical activity of the brain under given conditions of stress be an indication of the resistance of an individual, or of his capability to function, or remain alert and perform a pre-established routine of commands? To test the viability of this premise a group of scientists within Advanced Product Planning, RCA, in joint participation with the noted neurosurgeon, Dr. J. Negrin, Jr., established a clinical methodology and multistage, probability sample design to collect raw data amenable to measurements of sample reliability. In this initial stage of the project, a series of statistical analyses were programmed for an RCA 301 Electronic Computer to identify discriminant parameters of eeg waveforms through the systematic characterization and classification of empirical data. In terms of these discriminant empirical characteristics, the objectives of our research were to classify a given set of waveforms as arising from a specified time period on an eeg time series extending over 72 hours of experimental insomnia. The specific time periods were in turn correlated with binary scores reflecting alertness in the human being as designed in the experiment. In this way, we wish to predict the alertness of an individual by a description of sample eeg waveforms.
APL forecasting system
Authors: Jack Prins
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth international conference on APL (1976)

The APL Forecasting System is an interactive modelsolving program system that uses the time series analysis methods developed by Box and Jenkins. The system offers the user a procedure for identifying, estimating, and diagnosing models for time series analysis. It handles both stochastic models and multivariate transfer models. Forecasting programs that operate on the estimates from the estimation programs, and on parameters input by the user, complete the package.
Teaching programming to beginners
Authors: Robert P. Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

Because of the rapid growth of computing and its influence in schools and community colleges, we find we must teach a growing number of graduate teachers and administrators how to program. Because we firmly believe that the only programming worth doing is well-structured programming, this is the sort of programming we want to teach these graduates to do. Because BASIC, FORTRAN, and COBOL are so widely implemented around the world, we know that one or more of these languages will be the ones most of our students will end up programming in, after they leave Columbia. Because such languages are not particularly well-suited for teaching structured programming to beginners, we decided to develop an indirect approach to this goal, one which would make the learning of these languages the learning of second languages in a second phase of learning to program. The approach which we have been developing, including the major components of a first programming language - FPL, is suggested in the remainder of this paper. For us, it has proven to be an indirect but effective way to teach raw beginners how to write well-structured programs in archaic, ill-designed, high-level real languages.
Design of the PEN video editor display module
Authors: David R. Barach, David H. Taenzer, Robert E. Wells
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1981)

PEN, a new portable video editor, uses a number of simple but effective techniques. Most are not new, but are unavailable in the literature. We will describe our goals for PEN's display module, discuss implementation alternatives and describe in detail the techniques used in the editor.
Causes of turnover among data processing professionals&mdash;some preliminary findings
Authors: Mohan R. Tanniru, Susan M. Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the eighteenth annual computer personnel research conference (1981)

The critical shortage of the data processing (DP) professionals is a well-known fact; the causes of this shortage include at least two factors&mdash;increase in the demand for DP professionals and a high degree of turnover. The objective of this research is to investigate the causes and incidence of turnover reported by a cross-sectional sample of DP professionals at various stages of their careers. In the correlational design that will be used for the study, the dependent variables include self-reported turnover within the previous three-year period, satisfaction with present job, the behavioral intention to leave one's present job within a one-year period, and turnover within one year. Independent variables include individuals' descriptions of organizational characteristics (type of organization, salary, fringe benefits, size of DP unit, promotional opportunities, sophistication of DP equipment); job characteristics (duties performed, interpersonal interactions) of present position and those held within the previous three years; and selected individual variables (number of years in DP career age, marital status, number and ages of dependents, educational background and career goals.)
SIGBDR (Panel Session)
Authors: Richard Nolan, E. Gerald Hurst,  Jr., John Soden
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

Many organizations today face a unique set of problems and opportunities because they operate across international boundaries. To some extent, the growth of the multinational organization has been made possible by electronic communications. Now, more and more of these organizations are using computers to tie together their far-flung operations. The planning, organizing, and supporting of information systems for the multinational will be the focus of this session.