ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Noise enhances the rapid nitric oxide production by bone cells in response to fluid shear stress
Authors: Rommel G. Bacabac, Jack J. W. A. Van Loon, Theo H. Smit, Jenneke Klein-Nulend
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2009)

Stochastic resonance is exhibited by many biological systems, where the response to a small stimulus is enhanced with the aid of noise. This intriguing possibility provides a novel paradigm for understanding previously reported osteogenic benefits of low amplitude dynamic loading. However, it is unknown whether bone cell mechanosensitivity is enhanced by noise as an alternative mechanism for an amplified response to small stresses. We studied whether noise of varying intensities enhanced the mechanosensitivity of MC3T3-E1 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured as the parameter for bone cell activation. Dynamic fluid shear stress stimulated bone cells provided an initial-stress kick was implemented. Without the initial stress-kick bone cells did not release a significant amount of NO demonstrating an essential non-linearity to bone cell responses to stress and the possibility of stochastic resonance in bone cell mechanosensitivity. The rapid NO response of MC3T3-E1 cells to a small periodic fluid shear stress was increased with the addition of noise compared to the response to stress with only noise. This confirms the possibility of stochastic resonance enhancement of NO production by bone cells. Since NO regulate bone formation as well as resorption, our results suggest that noise enhances the activity of bone cells in driving the mechanical adaptation of bone.
Reusability of FEA software: A program family approach
Authors: Wen Yu, Spencer Smith
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering (2009)

This paper proposes a methodology to improve the reusability of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software using a program family approach. The usability and the maintainability are significant problems for a developer trying to properly reuse FEA software. Usability is promoted via systematically defined goals, assumptions, theoretical and computational models, definitions, common requirements and variabilities. Maintainability is improved through a component generator and traceability matrices between different portions of the documentation. We present preliminary work on a simple FEA program family for solving beam analysis problems to illustrate how the program family approach can be applied to FEA software.
Low-power interface circuits between adiabatic and standard CMOS circuits
Authors: Jianping Hu, Dong Zhou, Ling Wang, Huiying Dong
Venue: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (2009)

The clocking schemes and signal waveforms of adiabatic circuits are different from those of standard CMOS circuits. This paper investigates the design approaches of low-power interface circuits in terms of energy dissipation. Several low-power interface circuits that convert signals between adiabatic logic and standard CMOS circuits are presented. All interface circuits and their layouts are implemented using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The function verifications and energy loss tests for all interfaces are carried out using the net-list extracted from the layout. Full parasitic extraction is done. An adiabatic 8-bit carry look-ahead adder embedded in a static CMOS circuits is used to verify the proposed interfaces. The proposed interface circuits attain large energy savings over a wide range of frequencies, as compared with the previously reported circuits.
A Reflective Middleware to Support Peer-to-Peer Overlay Adaptation
Authors: Gareth Tyson, Paul Grace, Andreas Mauthe, Gordon Blair, Sebastian Kaune
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems (2009)

As peer-to-peer systems are evolving from simplistic application specific overlays to middleware platforms hosting a range of potential applications it has become evident that increasingly configurable approaches are required to ensure appropriate overlay support is provided for divergent applications. This is exacerbated by the increasing heterogeneity of networked devices expected to host the overlay. Traditional adaptation approaches rely on simplistic design-time isolated fine-tuning of overlay operations. This, however, cannot fully support the level of configurability required by next generation peer-to-peer systems. To remedy this, a middleware overlay framework is designed that promotes the use of architectural reconfiguration for adaptive purposes. Underpinning this is a generic reusable component pattern that utilises software reflection to enable rich and extensible adaptation of overlays beneath divergent applications operating in heterogeneous environments. This is evaluated through a number of case-study experiments showing how overlays developed using the framework have been adapted to address a range of application and environmental variations.
Generating Responses to Formally Flawed Problem-Solving Statements
Authors: Helmut Horacek, Magdalena Wolska
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work (2007)

Teaching problem-solving in formal domains aims at two purposes: 1) increasing the students' skill in addressing the problem in a goal-oriented way, and 2) increasing their competence in expressing themselves formally. In a dialog, suitable tutoring strategies addressing both issues may be quite delicate, especially when meeting formally inaccurate or even faulty statements which nevertheless are useful from the problem-solving perspective. Based on evidence from Wizard-of-Oz studies on human tutoring in mathematical theorem proving, we have developed a model for addressing formally inaccurate statements within a problem-solving context. Based on an error recognition and correction module, the model performs a conceptually-motivated error categorization and generates a suitable response.
Feature Selection with Non-Parametric Mutual Information for Adaboost Learning
Authors: Xavier Baró, Jordi Vitrià
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development (2005)

This paper describes a feature selection method based on the quadratic mutual information. We describe the needed formulation to estimate the mutual information from the data. This paper is motivated for the high time cost of the training process using the classical boosting algorithms. This method allows to reuse part of the training time used in the first training process to speed up posterior training to update the detectors in front of samples changes.
Differential benefits of situated instructional prompts
Authors: Holger Horz, Claudia Winter, Stefan Fries
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2009)

Learners often neglect support (glossaries, help sites etc.) in computer-based learning environments since they experience it as an unrelated add-on. We assumed that prompts presenting situated instructional support would lead to an increased use of help sites and glossary. Further it was assumed that situated instructional support would lead to a higher cognitive load of learners, which causes differential learning outcomes depending on learners' general domain knowledge. To scrutinise the differential effect of situated instructional prompts we conducted an experiment with 69 students (undergraduates vs. graduates). Students learned either with a learning environment with or without prompts. As expected, learning with prompts resulted in an increased support usage. Furthermore, two interaction effects occurred. (1) Graduates learned slightly better with a program including prompts whereas undergraduates performed better without prompts. (2) Undergraduates stated a higher perceived cognitive load if they learned with a program with situated instructional prompts. In the group of graduates no differences occurred concerning the perceived cognitive load. The results are interpreted within the framework of cognitive load theory.
Computers in Our World, 2nd Edition, 2nd edition
Authors: Beverly Amer
Venue:  (2007)

Computers in Our World, 2nd Edition, has been completely updated to meet the needs of todays learners. This text emphasizes application of technical knowledge rather than the individual components of systems, with all nine chapters revised and current. This brief title will keep you engaged and increase the relevancy of computers in your everyday life. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Web Analytics Report, 1st edition
Authors: Direct Marketing Association
Venue:  (2007)

DMA s Web Analytics Report discusses the results of the DMA s landmark survey on the popularity and effectiveness of different Web analytics approaches and metrics. If you think you re already an expert, see how you stack up against the competition. If you re looking to become an expert, there s no better place to start! The report's key innovation is the use of the industry expert Dave Rhee of Ox2, known as Wandering Dave. Not only do we report the amount of usage and the effectiveness of each specific metric, we also provide you with Wandering Dave s expertise on which actions need to be taken to maximize the effectiveness of Web analytics and to improve your direct marketing strategies and ROI. The Web Analytics Report represents a broad array of respondents (both marketers and suppliers) who use web analytics differently, for different purposes and represent the diverse DM community: b-to-b companies, b-to-c companies, and companies of varying sizes and revenues. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Why not?
Authors: Adriane Chapman, H. V. Jagadish
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2009)

As humans, we have expectations for the results of any action, e.g. we expect at least one student to be returned when we query a university database for student records. When these expectations are not met, traditional database users often explore datasets via a series of slightly altered SQL queries. Yet most database access is via limited interfaces that deprive end users of the ability to alter their query in any way to garner better understanding of the dataset and result set. Users are unable to question why a particular data item is Not in the result set of a given query. In this work, we develop a model for answers to WHY NOT? queries. We show through a user study the usefulness of our answers, and describe two algorithms for finding the manipulation that discarded the data item of interest. Moreover, we work through two different methods for tracing the discarded data item that can be used with either algorithm. Using our algorithms, it is feasible for users to find the manipulation that excluded the data item of interest, and can eliminate the need for exhausting debugging.
Multiple Synchrony in MSC
Authors: Flávia Falcão, Juliano Iyoda, Augusto Sampaio
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

We propose an extension to Message Sequence Charts (MSC); MSC diagrams comprise processes (called instances) and messages. Messages in MSC are either asynchronous or method calls. Our extension adds multiple synchronous messages. We present a transformation algorithm that takes as input a diagram in the extended MSC and generates an equivalent one in the standard MSC. The synchronous messages are transformed to the standard notation via the introduction of several control messages. We also define a semantics for MSC (both the standard and our extension) using the process algebra CSP. Both instances and messages in MSC are characterised as CSP processes. This semantics allows us to formally establish the equivalence between an extended MSC diagram and its corresponding standard diagram (generated by the transformation algorithm). Although our strategy is application independent, the motivation came from an attempt to generate test scripts from MSC diagrams describing the behaviour of mobile phone devices.
A Ubiquitous DSS in Training Corporate Executive Staff
Authors: Stanisław Stanek, Henryk Sroka, Sebastian Kostrubała, Zbigniew Twardowski
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Collaborative Decision Making: Perspectives and Challenges (2008)

The paper presents the results of the authors' continued research on effective computer support for the decision making process. The recent evolution of the corporate world has made it necessary to offer computer support to mobile decision makers. As the contemporary organization's operations have gained unprecedented momentum and its structures are becoming networked or virtual, managers increasingly often make decisions from remote locations and within different time frames. This awareness has encouraged the authors to direct experiments with their research vehicle, the Intelligent Compute Strategy Game, toward a ubiquitous decision support system (ubiDSS), with a view to developing the Game into a fully-fledged management training tool. The paper describes the rationale as well as the technicalities and, in addition, delivers a description of a sample game session.
Computational Intelligence Techniques for a Smart Electric Grid of the Future
Authors: Zhenhua Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks on Advances in Neural Networks (2009)

The electric grid of the future is required to become smarter so as to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. Under such circumstances, considerable research activities have been carried out in the U.S. and Europe to formulate and promote a vision for the development of the future smart electric grid. However, how to achieve those smart features has been less reported. This article aims at identifying several specific areas of application of computational intelligence techniques in the smart electric grid of the future. The computational intelligence techniques that are capable of achieving certain favorable features of various components in a smart electric grid are elaborated.
Middleware for management of end-user programming of clinical activities in a pervasive environment
Authors: Giuliano Ferreira, Iara Augustin, Giovani Rubert Librelotto, Fábio L. da Silva, Adenauer Correa Yamin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Middleware for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Systems (2009)

Currently, Pervasive Computing has focused on the development of programmable and interactive environments, which are intended to help the user in daily activities. The health system of the future envisages the use of Pervasive Computing as a way of optimizing and automating clinical activities. Under such perspective, the present study has tried to adapt a middleware for pervasive environment management to support and manage the accomplishment of clinical tasks (pervasive applications that help physicians perform their activities), fulfilling some requirements of activities-oriented computing, and creating a tool that will help physicians in their daily tasks.
Anisotropic Smoothing Using Double Orientations
Authors: Gabriele Steidl, Tanja Teuber
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision (2009)

To improve the quality of image restoration methods directional information has recently been involved in the restoration process. In this paper, we propose a two step procedure for denoising images that is particularly suited to recover sharp vertices and X junctions in the presence of heavy noise. In the first step, we estimate the (smoothed) orientations of the image structures, where we find the double orientations at vertices and X junctions using a model of Aach et al. Based on shape preservation considerations this directional information is then applied to establish an energy functional which is minimized in the second step. We discuss the behavior of our new method in comparison with single direction approaches appearing, e.g., when using the classical structure tensor of Förstner and Gülch and demonstrate the very good performance of our method by numerical examples.
Visualization techniques for circular tabletop interfaces
Authors: Frédéric Vernier, Neal Lesh, Chia Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces (2002)

This paper presents visualization and layout schemes developed for a novel circular user interface designed for a round, tabletop display. Since all the displayed items are in a polar coordinate system, many interface and visualization schemes must be revisited to account for this new layout of UI elements. We discuss the direct implications of such a circular interface on document orientation. We describe two types of fisheye deformation of the circular layout and explain how to use them in a multi-person collaborative interface. These two schemes provide a general layout framework for circular interfaces. We have also designed a new visualization technique derived from the particularities of the circular layout we have highlighted. In this technique the user controls the layout of the elements of a hierarchical tree. Our approach is to provide the user rich interaction possibilities to easily and quickly produce a layout comparable to the hyperbolic view developed at Xerox PARC. The visualization work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing Personal Digital Historian (PDH) research project. The overall goal of PDH is to investigate ways to effectively and intuitively organize, navigate, browse, present and visualize digital data in an interactive multi-person conversational setting.
Towards the automatic extraction of definitions in Slavic
Authors: Adam Przepiórkowski, Łukasz Degórski, Beata Wójtowicz, Miroslav Spousta, Vladislav Kuboň, Kiril Simov, Petya Osenova, Lothar Lemnitzer
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Balto-Slavonic Natural Language Processing: Information Extraction and Enabling Technologies (2007)

This paper presents the results of the preliminary experiments in the automatic extraction of definitions (for semi-automatic glossary construction) from usually unstructured or only weakly structured e-learning texts in Bulgarian, Czech and Polish. The extraction is performed by regular grammars over XML-encoded morphosyntactically-annotated documents. The results are less than satisfying and we claim that the reason for that is the intrinsic difficulty of the task, as measured by the low interannotator agreement, which calls for more sophisticated deeper linguistic processing, as well as for the use of machine learning classification techniques.
An experimental study on methods for the selection of basis functions in regression
Authors: Ignacio Barrio, Enrique Romero, Lluís Belanche
Venue: Neurocomputing (2009)

A comparative study is carried out in the problem of selecting a subset of basis functions in regression tasks. The emphasis is put on practical requirements, such as the sparsity of the solution or the computational effort. A distinction is made according to the implicit or explicit nature of the selection process. In explicit selection methods the basis functions are selected from a set of candidates with a search process. In implicit methods a model with all the basis functions is considered and the model parameters are computed in such a way that several of them become zero. The former methods have the advantage that both the sparsity and the computational effort can be controlled. We build on earlier work on Bayesian interpolation to design efficient methods for explicit selection guided by model evidence, since there is strong indication that the evidence prefers simple models that generalize fairly well. Our experimental results indicate that very similar results between implicit and explicit methods can be obtained regarding generalization performance. However, they make use of different numbers of basis functions and are obtained at very different computational costs. It is also reported that the models with the highest evidence are not necessarily those with the best generalization performance.
Can a Computer Listen for Fluctuations in Reading Comprehension?
Authors: Xiaonan Zhang, Jack Mostow, Joseph E. Beck
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work (2007)

The ability to detect fluctuation in students' comprehension of text would be very useful for many intelligent tutoring systems. The obvious solution of inserting comprehension questions is limited in its application because it interrupts the flow of reading. To investigate whether we can detect comprehension fluctuations simply by observing the reading process itself, we developed a statistical model of 7805 responses by 289 children in grades 1-4 to multiple-choice comprehension questions in Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor, which listens to children read aloud and helps them learn to read. Machine-observable features of students' reading behavior turned out to be statistically significant predictors of their performance on individual questions.
Requirements-Based Visualization Tools for Software Maintenance and Evolution
Authors: Jim Buckley
Venue: Computer (2009)

Developing well-formed software visualization tools requires increased empirical study of programmers' information requirements.
Learning Web Page Design with Adobe Dreamweaver CS3
Authors: Catherine Skintik
Venue:  (2007)

Hands-on exercises and applications provide students with a practical method to learning software skills as well as design concepts and the fundamentals of E-Commerce. The full color illustrations visually support the concepts taught. The text is spiral bound for extra ease-of-use. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
What Is The Student Referring To? Mapping Properties and Concepts in Students' Systems of Physics Equations
Authors: C. W. Liew, Joel A. Shapiro, D. E. Smith
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology (2005)

An ITS dealing with students' algebraic solutions to Physics problems needs to map the student variables and equations onto the physical properties and constraints involved in a known correct solution. Only then can it determine the correctness and relevance of the student's answer. In earlier papers we described methods of determining the dimensions (the physical units) of student variables. This paper describes the second phase of this mapping, determining which specific physical quantity each variable refers to, and which part of the set of constraints imposed by physics principles each student equation incorporates. We show that knowledge of the dimensions of the variables can be used to greatly reduce the number of possible mappings.