ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Lateral charge transport in the Nitride layer of the NROM non-volatile memory device
Authors: Assaf Shappir, Yosi Shacham-Diamand, Eli Lusky, Ilan Bloom, Boaz Eitan
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

NROM is a two bits per cell, localized charge trapping non-volatile memory device. A unique erase state threshold voltage drift in the NROM cell is presented. The research aimed to determine the origin of this phenomenon and assess the role of lateral misalignment between electrons and holes trapped in the ONO gate dielectric stack. Electrical characterizations combined with two-dimensional drift diffusion simulations and charge-tunneling theory were employed. It was found that the drift direction could be controlled by alteration of the voltages applied to the cell during erasure. Furthermore, the drift diminished with the number of program/erase cycles performed on the cell and demonstrated an insensitivity to vertical electric fields applied to the device. A lateral trap-to-trap hole-tunneling model was developed and shown to resolve the unique drift characteristics. Theories ascribing vertical charge tunneling to this phenomenon are demonstrated as inconsistent with most of these observations.
Distance Sets of Well-Distributed Planar Point Sets
Authors: A. Iosevich, I. Laba
Venue: Discrete Computational Geometry (2004)

We prove that a well-distributed subset of ${\Bbb R}^2$ can have a distance set $\Delta$ with $\#(\Delta\cap [0,N])\leq CN^{3/2-\epsilon}$ only if the distance is induced by a polygon $K$. Furthermore, if the above estimate holds with $\epsilon=\frac12$, then $K$ can have only finitely many sides.
Deployment issues of a VoIP conferencing system in a Virtual Conferencing Environment
Authors: R. Venkatesha Prasad, Richard Hurni, H. S. Jamadagni, H. N. Shankar
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2003)

Real-time services have been supported by and large on circuit-switched networks. Recent trends favour services ported on packet-switched networks. For audio conferencing, we need to consider many issues -- scalability, quality of the conference application, floor control and load on the clients/servers -- to name a few. In this paper, we describe an audio service framework designed to provide a Virtual Conferencing Environment (VCE). The system is designed to accommodate a large number of end users speaking at the same time and spread across the Internet. The framework is based on Conference Servers [14], which facilitate the audio handling, while we exploit the SIP capabilities for signaling purposes. Client selection is based on a recent quantifier called "Loudness Number" that helps mimic a physical face-to-face conference. We deal with deployment issues of the proposed solution both in terms of scalability and interactivity, while explaining the techniques we use to reduce the traffic. We have implemented a Conference Server (CS) application on a campus-wide network at our Institute.
Protecting intellectual property rights through information policy
Authors: Karthik Raman
Venue: Ubiquity (2004)

In today's electronic world, an organization's intellectual property is sometimes its biggest asset. Much time and money can be saved, and frustration and litigation avoided if company policy dictates ownership and use of intellectual property.
Realizability of Conversation Protocols With Message Contents
Authors: Xiang Fu, Tevfik Bultan, Jianwen Su
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services (2004)

A conversation protocol is a top-down specificationframework which specifies desired global behaviorsof a web service composition. In our earlier work [A formalism for specification and verification of reactive electronic services]we studied the problem of realizability, i.e., given a conversationprotocol, can a web service composition besynthesized to generate behaviors as specified by the protocol.Several sufficient realizability conditions were proposedin [A formalism for specification and verification of reactive electronic services] to ensure realizability. Conversation protocolsstudied in [A formalism for specification and verification of reactive electronic services], however, are essentially abstract controlflows without data semantics. This paper extends thework in [A formalism for specification and verification of reactive electronic services] and achieves more accurate analysis by consideringdata semantics. To overcome the state-spaceexplosion caused by the data content, we propose a symbolicanalysis technique for each realizability condition.In addition, we show that the analysis of the autonomycondition can be done using an iterative refinement approach.
Gravit&eacute;s
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 video review on Animation theater program: part 2 - Volume 146 (2003)

In this universe, gravity is generated with an enormous machine. But when things fall out of order, it is the beginning of the end or a meeting. Copyright held by creator.
GisViewer: A Web-Based Geo-Spatial Digital Library
Authors: Patricia Hartnett, Michela Bertolotto
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

Geo-spatial digital libraries provide users with access to geospatial data. Access to this data is sometimes hindered through the lack of freely available viewing tools. Furthermore such digital libraries generally do not provide any method of remote update, thereby preventing the insertion of new data into the digital library over the Internet. In this paper we introduce GisViewer, a system for the decentralized management of a spatially enabled digital library. GisViewer supplies its users with a freely available tool for viewing and querying spatial data. In addition GisViewer also facilitates remote updates for authorized users. In an effort to ensure interoperability the GisViewer digital library complies with OpenGIS standards for geo-spatial features.
Molecular Modeling of Full-Length OxyR from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Molecular Dynamics Studies of the Activation Domain
Authors: Jun-tao Guo, Ying Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference (2004)

OxyR is a transcriptional factor, which activates transcription of antioxidant genes. In this study, we constructed a structural model for the full-length OxyR from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 using threading and comparative modeling techniques. To further study the confrontational changes, we also performed molecular dynamics simulations on the activation domain of OxyR. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using GROMACS force field under periodic boundary conditions. The Particle Mesh Ewald (PME) method was used to treat long-range electrostatic interactions. The simulation results show that the oxidized form is very stable while the reduced form is quite flexible. Our results suggest that the reduced form provides structural flexibility for disulfide bond formation and which in turn regulates its function.
Efficient processing of XML twig queries with OR-predicates
Authors: Haifeng Jiang, Hongjun Lu, Wei Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2004)

An XML twig query, represented as a labeled tree, is essentially a complex selection predicate on both structure and content of an XML document. Twig query matching has been identified as a core operation in querying tree-structured XML data. A number of algorithms have been proposed recently to process a twig query holistically. Those algorithms, however, only deal with twig queries without OR-predicates. A straightforward approach that first decomposes a twig query with OR-predicates into multiple twig queries without OR-predicates and then combines their results is obviously not optimal in most cases. In this paper, we study novel holistic-processing algorithms for twig queries with OR-predicates without decomposition. In particular, we present a merge-based algorithm for sorted XML data and an index-based algorithm for indexed XML data. We show that holistic processing is much more efficient than the decomposition approach. Furthermore, we show that using indexes can significantly improve the performance for matching twig queries with OR-predicates, especially when the queries have large inputs but relatively small outputs.
Reestimation of E-Business Planning Model in Real Business World
Authors: Fen Wang, Guisseppi Forgionne, Lidan Ha
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology (2004)

Strategic business planning is a critical decision problem determining the long-term survival and prosperity of companies especially in this E-era. However, due to the dynamic and complicated nature of the e-business environment and decision makersý lack of technological sophistication, the development of e-business strategies constitutes a major challenge for managers. In an ongoing project, we have been focusing on DMSS development and its role in decision support for e-business planning. An E-business planning model was estimated and developed using empirical eBay data. This current study thus aims to reestimate and evaluate such implementation to further broaden the application base in a practical field setting.
Image retrieval using color histograms generated by Gauss mixture vector quantization
Authors: Sangoh Jeong, Chee Sun Won, Robert M. Gray
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2004)

Image retrieval based on color histograms requires quantization of a color space. Uniform scalar quantization of each color channel is a popular method for the reduction of histogram dimensionality. With this method, however, no spatial information among pixels is considered in constructing the histograms. Vector quantization (VQ) provides a simple and effective means for exploiting spatial information by clustering groups of pixels. We propose the use of Gauss mixture vector quantization (GMVQ) as a quantization method for color histogram generation. GMVQ is known to be robust for quantizer mismatch, which motivates its use in making color histograms for both the query image and the images in the database. Results show that the histograms made by GMVQ with a penalized log-likelihood (LL) distortion yield better retrieval performance for color images than the conventional methods of uniform quantization and VQ with squared error distortion.
Multi-Pipeline Implementations of Real-Time Vector DFT
Authors: Alexander A. Petrovsky, Sergei L. Shkredov
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital System Design, EUROMICRO Systems (2004)

The article is devoted to creating a complete methodology for automatic synthesis of real-time FFT-processors at structural level under the given restrictions: speed of input data receipt, structure of the computing element, and the time of the butterfly operation execution. The suggested approach involves creating parallel-pipeline structures for fixed radix FFT and for modified split radix FFT algorithms. The structures employed in the design show good possibilities for scaling the degree of parallelization, thus changing the overall throughput of the system. They are particularly suited for implementing in programmable logic basis (FPGA).
Simulation of X-ray propagation in a straight capillary
Authors: Andong Liu
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2004)

The transmission properties of X-ray in a straight capillary were studied by computer simulation with the Ray-Tracing program SHADOW. The simulation was done for 30 keV photons in a SiO2 capillary with perfect smooth inner surface. The simulation indicates an effect collimation of X-rays by the capillary with a well-aligned point X-ray source. The diameter and length of capillary were found to have minor effect on transmission properties.
A Conceptual Model Based Distance Learning System for Computer Literacy
Authors: Yoshiki Murotani, Minoru Uehara, Hideki Mori
Venue: Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop (2004)

In distance learning for computer literacy, a student's skill is dependent on personal experience. In such cases, it is important to determine the student's understanding. In order to determine the level of understanding, it is necessary to clarify the hidden relationships among the concepts involved in a problem. We think it is possible to determine the understanding correctly by subdividing concepts and by subdividing problems. In this paper, we propose the following method; first we divide a problem conceptually into some questions; next we ask those questions of students step by step; finally we build a conceptual model of the problem using the rate of correct answers.
Web-a-where: geotagging web content
Authors: Einat Amitay, Nadav Har'El, Ron Sivan, Aya Soffer
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2004)

We describe Web-a-Where, a system for associating geography with Web pages. Web-a-Where locates mentions of places and determines the place each name refers to. In addition, it assigns to each page a geographic focus --- a locality that the page discusses as a whole. The tagging process is simple and fast, aimed to be applied to large collections of Web pages and to facilitate a variety of location-based applications and data analyses.Geotagging involves arbitrating two types of ambiguities: geo/non-geo and geo/geo. A geo/non-geo ambiguity occurs when a place name also has a non-geographic meaning, such as a person name (e.g., Berlin) or a common word (Turkey). Geo/geo ambiguity arises when distinct places have the same name, as in London, England vs. London, Ontario.An implementation of the tagger within the framework of the WebFountain data mining system is described, and evaluated on several corpora of real Web pages. Precision of up to 82% on individual geotags is achieved. We also evaluate the relative contribution of various heuristics the tagger employs, and evaluate the focus-finding algorithm using a corpus pretagged with localities, showing that as many as 91% of the foci reported are correct up to the country level.
Packet Video Broadcasting with General-Purpose Operating Systems in an Ethernet
Authors: Eduardo Magaña, Javier Aracil, Jesús Villadangos
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2004)

Video transmission with general-purpose PCs poses a number of requirements that radically differ from those of high-end dedicated video servers. We analyze the scenario of an Ethernet local area network in which a number of PCs are transmitting video streams, while other TCP/IP applications are also running concurrently. Our findings show that since the operating system clock resolution cannot cope with the transmission timing requirements the following holds: if the video transmission is performed with exact timing accuracy to maintain a constant rate then CPU load grows to 100%, thus blocking the PC for other user applications&semi; on the other hand, if transmission is performed in a bursty manner, i.e. with sleep system calls, then CPU load decreases dramatically but the increased burstiness of the video stream has a negative impact on network performance (for example, capture effect in the Ethernet). Furthermore, the impact of video transmission over the rest of TCP/IP applications running on the same network depends heavily on the packet size. We provide an integrated analysis of operating system and network parameters to achieve video broadcasting while preserving timing requirements and minimizing the impact on other applications.
A New Code with Reduced EMI and Partial EC Possibilities
Authors: E. Bohl, E. Dilger, M. Bohl
Venue: Proceedings of the International On-Line Testing Symposium, 10th IEEE (2004)

The data exchange rates in automotive applicationsfor communication, supervising and safety purposesis rising dramatically. Transmitting raw data beyondrates of some Mbaud via unshielded lines can causeintolerable EMI (electromagnetic interference) effectsbut shielding is very expensive and not acceptable forhigh volume products in automotive applications.The proposed code is suitable for arbitrary bussystems. It allows even increment and arbitrationoperations on passing message frames, as it isnecessary for the MOST protocol [OASIS SiliconSystems AG: http://www.oasis.de]. The code can ease transmissions on an electrical physical layerwithout the need for shielding. It is d.c. balanced andshows favorable EMI properties. Furthermore, specialcode properties facilitate error detection and correction mechanisms.
Web Services Security in Data Service Delivery Platform for Telecom
Authors: Xiulan Yu, Xiaoyan Chen, Xing Fang, Xiaocheng Ding, Bin Zhou, Bing Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the E-Commerce Technology for Dynamic E-Business, IEEE International Conference (2004)

The major requests for telecom network are efficiency, security, and reliability of service.Data service, running on the telecom network, is a most prominent revenue source for telecom operators.But traditional interface for data service delivery platform can not completely meet these requirements.Web services, as a promising distributed computing technology, is regarded as the best candidate to design these interfaces.However, whether web services technology can satisfy the telecom major requirements, especially security request, is still a question for telecom operators.This paper discusses the multiple aspects of web service security, provides Web service security performance experiment results based on data size and different security policies, and gives suggestions on how to apply web service security technology to data service delivery platform interface design.
Designing optimal aviation baggage screening strategies using simulated annealing
Authors: Thomas J. Canadalino,  Jr., John E. Kobza, Sheldon H. Jacobson
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2004)

Terrorist activities are a critical threat to domestic aviation security. Current aviation security models created to address this threat are descriptive rather than prescriptive; they evaluate a given baggage screening strategy rather than identify optimal baggage screening strategies. Moreover, these models only incorporate costs associated with purchasing and operating baggage screening security devices. This research introduces a comprehensive cost function that not only includes direct costs associated with the purchase and operation of baggage screening security devices, but also includes indirect costs associated with device errors. A methodology is presented to determine the best selection of baggage screening security devices that minimizes the expected annual total cost of a baggage screening strategy. Computational experiments with this methodology are presented.
Impact of forecasting error on the performance of capacitated multi-item production systems
Authors: Jinxing Xie, T. S. Lee, Xiande Zhao
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2004)

A computer model is built to simulate master production scheduling activities in a capacitated multiitem production system under demand uncertainty and a rolling time horizon. The output from the simulation is analyzed through statistical software. The results of the study show that forecasting errors have significant impacts on total cost, schedule instability and system service level, and the performance of forecasting errors is significantly influenced by some operational factors, such as capacity tightness and cost structure. Furthermore, the selection of the master production schedule freezing parameters is also significantly influenced by forecasting errors. The findings from this study can help managers optimize their production plans by selecting more reasonable forecasting methods and scheduling parameters, thus improving the performance of production systems.
PeerView: Query Processing Based on Views over Collaborative Peers
Authors: Aoying Zhou, Tian Xia, Weining Qian
Venue: Proceedings of the E-Commerce Technology for Dynamic E-Business, IEEE International Conference (2004)

Peer-to-peer computing is gaining more and more significance in both academia and industry, due to its widespread use currently and potential deployments in future applications. In this paper, we propose a prototype P2P application providing a view-based query processing mechanism in P2P environments, which is named as PeerView. A large number of peers may work under a collaborative and self-organizing scheme to answer their common queries or subqueries. Given the workload and storage of each peer, some certain peers establish and maintain the views via a cost-based and negotiating way. When processing queries, the peers can first retrieve data from views locally or on nearby peers, instead of from the remote sources. Thus network traffic can be reduced sharply and consequently query-processing efficiency can be boosted significantly.
A simple and effective algorithm for detection of arbitrary Hartmann-Shack patterns
Authors: Luis Alberto Carvalho
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2004)

The Hartmann-Shack sensor is well known for its capability of detecting optical aberrations from telescopic images, normally caused by the atmospheric turbulence. Since the mid-1990s, this sensor has been adapted to work with ophthalmic instrumentation to measure aberrations of the human eye. In astronomical applications, the image processing is implemented using robust closed-loop hardware systems, allowing for very high frequencies (usually in the range of 30-500 Hz). In ophthalmic instruments, this hardware solution is not proper, for two reasons: first, prices of ophthalmic instrumentation have to be at more accessible prices and, second, there is no need for ultra-high frequency closed-loop systems: in fact, as we will see along the text, recent studies of the dynamics of the eye's aberrations show that closed-loop systems of very much lower frequencies (from 10 to 40 Hz) may well eliminate the undesired micro-fluctuations in the eye's aberrations and allow for diffraction limited measurements. We have developed an effective algorithm for detection of HS patterns using an affordable commercial hardware configuration and easy to implement software. To our knowledge, this type of information has not been thoroughly disclosed elsewhere, probably due to proprietary reasons.
Demystifying integration
Authors: Kaushal Chari, Saravanan Seshadri
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2004)

This framework helps navigate the standards maze to develop a flexible applications infrastructure that advances an organization's strategic business needs.
Factors affecting engineers' acceptance of asynchronous e-learning systems in high-tech companies
Authors: Chorng-Shyong Ong, Jung-Yu Lai, Yi-Shun Wang
Venue: Information and Management (2004)

With the rapid change in all types of working environment, there is a need to implement electronic learning (e-learning) systems to train people in new technologies, products, and services. However, the large investment in e-learning has made user acceptance an increasingly critical issue for technology implementation and management. Although user acceptance received fairly extensive attention in prior research, efforts were needed to examine or validate previous results, especially in different technologies, user populations, and/or organizational contexts. We therefore proposed a new construct, perceived credibility, to examine the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in explaining engineers' decisions to accept e-learning, and address a pragmatic technology management issue. Based on a sample of 140 engineers taken from six international companies, the results strongly support the extended TAM in predicting engineers' intention to use e-learning.