ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Distribution-Index-Based Discretizer for Decision-Making with Symbolic AI Approaches
Authors: QingXiang Wu, David A. Bell, Girijesh Prasad, Thomas Martin McGinnity
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2007)

When symbolic AI approaches are applied to handle continuous valued attributes, there is a requirement to transform the continuous attribute values to symbolic data. In this paper, a novel distribution-index-based discretizer is proposed for such a transformation. Based on definitions of dichotomic entropy and a compound distributional index, a simple criterion is applied to discretize continuous attributes adaptively. The dichotomic entropy indicates the homogeneity degree of the decision value distribution, and is applied to determine the best splitting point. The compound distributional index combines both the homogeneity degrees of attribute value distributions and the decision value distribution, and is applied to determine which interval should be split further; thus, a potentially improved solution of the discretization problem can be found efficiently. Based on multiple reducts in rough set theory, a multiknowledge approach can attain high decision accuracy for information systems with a large number of attributes and missing values. In this paper, our discretizer is combined with the multiknowledge approach to further improve decision accuracy for information systems with continuous attributes. Experimental results on benchmark data sets show that the new discretizer can improve not only the multiknowledge approach, but also the naïve Bayes classifier and the C5.0 tree.
Blog as a Tool to Develop e-Learning Experience in an International Distance Course
Authors: Wei-Jane Lin, Hsiu-Ping Yueh, Yi-Ling Liu, Masayuki Murakami, Koh Kakusho, Michihiko Minoh
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper describes the implementation of blog system in an international distance course between Japan and Taiwan. In the study, blog was used as a tool to encourage students' reflective learning and communication. Findings suggested that blog was effective for students to document their learning, share experience and knowledge, have direct interaction with peers especially internationally. Students preferred blog over the LMS where this course builds an course website and they proved to use blog in developing their e-learning experience. We proposed the use of blog could lead to a technologically enhanced support for instructional strategy that serves as an informative model for other web-assisted international courses.
Emerging patterns in the use of XML for information modelling in vertical industries
Authors: S. Hinkelman, D. Buddenbaum, L.-J. Zhang
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2006)

Extensible Markup Language (XML) has emerged as the predominant non-binary information format. The impact of XML has been most strongly felt in information exchange environments and information modeling. This paper focuses on a set of innovative patterns that has emerged in the use of XML for information modeling and business content design in the health-care, travel, insurance, and other industries. We provide historical perspectives on this development and characterize XML's current state in relation to Web Services.
Maximum-likelihood localization of narrow-band autoregressive sources via the EM algorithm
Authors: I. Ziskind, D. Hertz
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

The authors derive an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for the maximum likelihood estimation of the directions of arrival of multiple narrow-band autoregressive (AR) signals embedded in noise. The proposed algorithm simultaneously estimates the location parameters, the AR coefficients, and the signals. The additional structural information that the sources are of the AR type, allows resolution of the case in which the number of sources is equal to or possibly larger than the number of sensors. Examples are provided demonstrating that the proposed algorithm can resolve two spectrally and spatially close sources by using a two-sensor array.
Output Feedback Controllers Synthesis with Practical Pole Clustering for Descriptor Systems
Authors: Ching-Hsiang Lee, Lin Hong, Chun-Hsiung Fang, Boris T. Polyak
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

The sufficient and necessary conditions for the poles of the closed-loop descriptor systems to locate in an LMI region are given in this paper in terms of only one positive definite matrices P. Hence the controller gain matrix K can be obtained explicitly. Compared to the literature, the exact eigenstructure assignment problem for descriptor systems is usually solved via extremely constrained procedures. On the other hand, for the LMI region pole clustering problem, the solvable conditions are expressed in terms of two positive definite matrices P and Q. Consequently, The controller gain matrix K can not be obtained explicitly. An example has been solved in the literature using a complicated procedure of eigenstructure assignment is solved significantly easier as a demonstration.
A Data Mining Approach for Capacity Building of Stakeholders in Integrated Flood Management
Authors: Peter Owotoki, Natasa Manojlovic, Friedrich Mayer-Lindenberg, Erik Pasche
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

New approaches to managing flood events are increasingly of more relevance due to recent widespread floods and the presumed changes in the climate. These approaches fall under the integrated flood management (IFM) banner and focus not only on flood prevention, but on flood resilience. This paper introduces an application (FLORETO) for IFM that utilizes the data mining approach, in a web based three tier system, devoted to the capacity building of stakeholders as a micro-scale resilience strategy of IFM. The intelligent models, which constitute the business logic in FLORETO, are used to match the input parameters or design criteria, describing properties prone to flooding, to technically justifiable flood mitigation measures. Datasets from the German city of Kellinghusen were collected and intelligent models were built. Satisfactory results have been obtained, which shows the promise of this data mining approach and opens the door for its application for IFM in other regions.
Security of Authenticated Encryption Scheme with Message Linkages
Authors: Eun-Jun Yoon, Kee-Young Yoo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

Recently, Tseng et al. proposed an authenticated encryption scheme with message linkages to reduce the computation time and communication costs for large message transmissions. However, in 2005, Zhang et al. pointed out that Tseng et al.'s scheme does not achieve non-repudiation property because the scheme is based on Horster et al.'s scheme. Furthermore, they proposed a new authenticated encryption scheme with message linkages based on the Meta-message recovery signature scheme to overcome the weakness in Tseng et al.'s scheme. However, the current paper demonstrates that Zhang et al.'s authenticated encryption scheme with message linkages still does not achieve non-repudiation property for messages in which an attacker can forge the valid signature blocks and pass the receiver's verification.
A case for iconic icons
Authors: Jennifer Ferreira, James Noble, Robert Biddle
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50 (2006)

User interface designers still have to rely on personal creativity and skill when designing computer icons for program functions that have no existing conventional representation. Further, designers often stumble upon usable icons by trial and error. We designed an Icon Intuitiveness Test to gain better insight into how users interpret icons. Our hypothesis was that users would interpret icons they do not know the functionality of as iconic signs [1] by assuming that the icon looks like the functionality it represents. Our study suggests that participants do indeed base their guesses on the visual clues they can see and interpret the unknown icon as having the functionality they think it resembles.
Using the internet to enhance the study of dilemma cases in professional education
Authors: Josué M. González
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

This presentation reports ongoing research on the use of Internet technologies and dilemma cases in a professional education program for school leaders. Dilemma cases are narratives of school problems for which there is not a single consensual solution. Reflection based on tightly focused, contextualized situations is a strategy for examining the nature of educational leadership. The primary focus is on administrator leadership. Societal diversity is broadly defined as the interplay of ideas, values, and perspectives that may be attributed to group membership. It may manifest itself in linguistic, cultural, ideological, or experiential differences among groups.
Between Geršgorin and minimal Geršgorin sets
Authors: Ljiljana Cvetković, Vladimir Kostić
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2006)

The eigenvalues of a given matrix A can be localized by the well-known Geršgorin theorem: they belong to the Geršgorin set, which is the union of the Geršgorin disks (each of them is a simple function of the matrix entries). By applying the same theorem to a similar matrix X-1 AX, a new inclusion set can be obtained. Taking the intersection over X, being a (positive) diagonal matrix, will lead us to the minimal Geršgorin set, defined by Varga [R.S. Varga, Geršgorin and His Circles, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, vol. 36, 2004], but this set is not easy to calculate. In this paper we will take the intersection over some special structured matrices X and show that this intersection can be expressed by the same formula as the eigenvalue inclusion set CS(A) in [L.J. Cvetković, V. Kostić, R. Varga, A new Geršgorin-type eigenvalue inclusion set, ETNA 18 (2004) 73-80].
Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Wireless security
Venue: Workshop on Wireless Security (2006)

Welcome to the fifth ACM Workshop on Wireless Security (WiSe). This workshop is being organized with the goal of providing a forum for the exciting research in the increasingly important area of wireless security. We also hope that this workshop will bring together wireless networking and security research communities and increase the quantity and quality of wireless security research.The workshop received forty-five paper submissions, for which we thank all of the contributing authors. Eleven submissions were accepted for presentation at the workshop. We have two excellent invited talks in the workshop, one by Nicholas Tsougas on "RFID Security and Privacy Concerns," and another by Prof. Adrian Perrig on "Security in Sensor Networks: Industry Trends, Present and Future Research Directions." We hope and believe that you will enjoy attending the workshop.
Particle Swarm Optimization-Based SVM Application: Power Transformers Incipient Fault Syndrome Diagnosis
Authors: Tsair-Fwu Lee, Ming-Yuan Cho, Chin-Shiuh Shieh, Fu-Min Fang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

Based on statistical learning theory, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been well recognized as a powerful computational tool for problems with nonlinearity had high dimensionalities. In this paper, we present a successful adoption of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the performances of SVM classifier for the purpose of incipient faults syndrome diagnosis of power transformers. A PSO-based encoding technique is applied to improve the accuracy of classification. The proposed scheme removes irreverent input features that may be confusing the classifier and optimizes the kernel parameters simultaneously. Experiments on real operational data demonstrated the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed approach which make operation faster and also increase the accuracy of the classification.
Working Memory and Lexical Ambiguity Resolution as Revealed by ERPs: A Difficult Case for Activation Theories
Authors: Thomas C. Gunter, Susanne Wagner, Angela D. Friederici
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

This series of three event-related potential experiments explored the issue of whether the underlying mechanism of working memory (WM) supporting language processing is inhibitory or activational in nature. These different cognitive mechanisms have been proposed to explain the more efficient processing of subjects with a high WM span compared to those with a low WM span. Participants with high and low WM span were presented with sentences containing a homonym followed three words later by a nominal disambiguation cue and a final disambiguation using a verb. At the position of the disambiguation cue, inhibitory or activational WM mechanisms predict contrasting results. When activation is the underlying mechanism for efficient processing, the prediction is that high memory span persons activate both meanings of the homonym equally in WM, whereas low memory span persons only have one meaning present. When inhibition is the underlying mechanism, the predictions are the reverse. The ERP data, in particular, the variations of the meaning related N400 component, showed clear evidence for inhibition as the underlying cognitive mechanism in high-span readers. For low-span participants the cueing towards the dominant or the subordinate meaning elicited an equivalently large N400 component suggesting that both meanings are active in WM. In high-span subjects, the dominant disambiguation cue elicited a smaller N400 than the subordinate one, indicating that for these subjects particularly the dominant meaning is active. The experiments showed that inhibitory processes are probably underlying WM used during language comprehension in high-span subjects. Moreover, they demonstrate that these subjects can use their inhibition in a more flexible manner than low-span subjects. The effects that these processing differences have on the efficiency of language parsing are discussed.
Introduction to normative multiagent systems
Authors: Guido Boella, Leendert Torre, Harko Verhagen
Venue: Computational Mathematical Organization Theory (2006)

This article introduces the research issues related to and definition of normative multiagent systems. It also describes the papers selected from NorMAS05 that are part of this double special issue and relates the papers to each other.
Learning a dictionary of shape-components in visual cortex: comparison with neurons, humans and machines
Authors: Tomaso Poggio
Venue:  (2006)

In this thesis, I describe a quantitative model that accounts for the circuits and computations of the feedforward path of the ventral stream of visual cortex. This model is consistent with a general theory of visual processing that extends the hierarchical model of [Hubel and Wiesel, 1959] from primary to extrastriate visual areas. It attempts to explain the first few hundred milliseconds of visual processing and "immediate recognition". One of the key elements in the approach is the learning of a generic dictionary of shape-components from V2 to IT, which provides an invariant representation to task-specific categorization circuits in higher brain areas. This vocabulary of shape-tuned units is learned in an unsupervised manner from natural images, and constitutes a large and redundant set of image features with different complexities and invariances. This theory significantly extends an earlier approach by [Riesenhuber and Poggio, 1999a] and builds upon several existing neurobiological models and conceptual proposals. First, I present evidence to show that the model can duplicate the tuning properties of neurons in various brain areas (e.g., V1, V4 and IT). In particular, the model agrees with data from V4 about the response of neurons to combinations of simple two-bar stimuli [Reynolds et al., 1999] (within the receptive field of the S2 units) and some of the C2 units in the model show a tuning for boundary conformations which is consistent with recordings from V4 [Pasupathy and Connor, 2001]. Second, I show that not only can the model duplicate the tuning properties of neurons in various brain areas when probed with artificial stimuli, but it can also handle the recognition of objects in the real-world, to the extent of competing with the best computer vision systems. Third, I describe a comparison between the performance of the model and the performance of human observers in a rapid animal vs. non-animal recognition task for which recognition is fast and cortical back-projections are likely to be inactive. Results indicate that the model predicts human performance extremely well when the delay between the stimulus and the mask is about 50 ms. This suggests that cortical back-projections may not play a significant role when the time interval is in this range, and the model may therefore provide a satisfactory description of the feedforward path. Taken together, the evidences suggest that we may have the skeleton of a successful theory of visual cortex. In addition, this may be the first time that a neurobiological model, faithful to the physiology and the anatomy of visual cortex, not only competes with some of the best computer vision systems thus providing a realistic alternative to engineered artificial vision systems, but also achieves performance close to that of humans in a categorization task involving complex natural images. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
SAN-MDS: A High Performance Disk Based on Memory Device for SAN
Authors: Junfei Wang, Jiwu Shu, Bigang Li
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2006)

Improving the performance and usability of storage systems has been a popular subject in data storage research. Memory, disks and networks are the three most important components in a network storage system. However, the development of these three is unbalanced. Improvements in memory technology will double memory capacity within 18 months according to Moore's Law. The network transfer speed is growing fast too. But advances in disk performance have been slow. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a method to create virtual disks the memory of various servers on network storage clusters. Furthermore, a high performance and platform-compatible memory disk - SAN-MDS (SAN Memory Disk System) is presented. Experimental results show that SAN-MDS can effectively improve the network storage systems' performance in executing write (especially synchronous write) operations and decrease write latency.
A Problem Solving Environment for Automatic Matlab 3D Finite Element Code Generation and Simplified Grid Computing
Authors: Zhou Jun, Yukio Umetani
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Computational Grids are widely emerging and dramatically influencing scientific computing practice. In this paper, we presents the use of a problem solving environment - the GridPSi to automatically generate Matlab code and carry out simplified Grid computing, in which the previous work of GridPSi is briefly introduced, the implementation of a Matlab script generator for automatic Matlab 3D finite element code generation is described, and running a simulation example on the Grid through UNICORE Grid middleware is illustrated. The paper demonstrates that the proposed PSE can not only tailor both the innovative Grid technologies and legacy computational codes into use easily, but also greatly reduce user's work.
Understanding the value of students doing projects
Authors: James M. Laffey, Terresa Gibney
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

This investigation focused on building a view of the value of doing projects which emerged from student descriptions of their project work in an innovative high school science and mathematics curriculum. Qualitative coding methods yielded rules to describe student impressions of doing projects. These rules and their instances represent ways of understanding the efforts and achievements of students doing projects. These efforts and achievements are diverse in nature and their assessment cannot be separated from the context of performance, which includes interests, resources, skill at collaboration, and prior knowledge and skill. Five metafunctions are described as a potential beginning point for building an assessment model of student-centered projects. The metafunctions are resourcefulness, reflection, authentic, extension, and connectedness.
A Multiscale and Multidirectional Image Denoising Algorithm Based on Contourlet Transform
Authors: Bei-bei Li, Xin Li, Shu-xun Wang, Hai-feng Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel image denoising algorithm in Contourlet domain. The Contourlet transform is adopted by virtual of its advantages over the Wavelet transform in order to obtain a flexible multiresolution, local, and directional image expansion using contour segments, it is good at isolating the smoothness along the contours. We present a weighing factor which submits to the negative exponential distribution, it can combine the hard thresholding function with the soft thresholding, the new thresholding function is continuous[4]. We adapt different thresholdings on different scales and different directions to get better denoising results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the SNR on a certain extent.
High resolution multimedia slide show composition for video CD and DVD rendering
Authors: Zhaohui Sun, J. Riek, A. C. Loui
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

With the advance of digital and information technology, there is an urgent need to make image taking and sharing easy, fun, and cost and time efficient. In this paper, we present a multimedia system to compose visual and audio information into high resolution multimedia slide show, a video compact disc (VCD) compliant bitstream readable by electronic devices such as video CD/DVD players, for TV-centered multimedia rendering, sharing and entertainment. By using the technologies of multimedia composition, multimedia coding, and the sophisticated bit allocation scheme, we can achieve the same spatial resolution of DVD (without full motion). Special efforts are devoted to the multimedia experience, image quality improvement, and automation in the system.
Adaptive e-Learning Methods and IMS Learning Design: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Daniel Burgos, Marcus Specht
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This position paper shows how several classical methods in adaptive learning can be addressed using IMS Learning Design. After a definition of four main questions to classify adaptive educational methods we describe a group of features in the Levels B and C of the specification that make possible diverse types of adaptation.