ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Interfacing to text using HELPME
Authors: Thomas P. Kehler, Mike Barnes
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - II): Human interface and the user interface - Volume 1981 (1981)

HELPME is a Lisp based system designed to provide on-line help for novice and expert users of computer systems. HELPME permits the implementation of easy to use interfaces to existing documents by allowing a user familiar with a document (a 'document expert') to produce an index and incorporate information relating to the structure of the document into the interface. A typical user of HELPME can then interact with the document and index through a series of commands to quickly find the information desired.The primary advantage of a system like HELPME is that it permits construction of interfaces to existing on-line documents and provides three modes of interaction with the documents: simple display, indexed-based query and context overview. Simple display permits forward and reverse movement through a document while index-based query uses key-words to select relevant sections of the document hierarchy for display. Context overview permits a hierarchical view of the document. For example, the table of contents of a document can be used to construct this hierarchy. Each of these modes of interaction are independent and may be selected by the user at any point. The goal of HELPME is to allow a user to find any information in a document relating to the user's requests. Of course, many users do not have a good grasp on exactly what they are looking for but rely on inadvertent discovery. It is hoped that the flexibility of a HELPME-like system will satisfy the goals of an easy-to-use, extensible help system for computing environments. A long term goal for HELPME is to use domain knowledge and user models in user assistance and information management.
Formal specifications for modeling and developing human/computer interfaces
Authors: J. W. Roach, M. Nickson
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (1983)

High quality human/computer interfaces have become a major topic of research. This paper describes a new method for modeling, designing, and developing dialogues, a method that has a strong formal basis and allows a uniform syntactic and semantic specification. This formal descriptive technique has the added advantage of being executable, that is, it has widely available translators. The technique chosen here allows a very high level specification of human/computer interaction enabling rapid development and easy modification. This paper describes the nature of the formal specifications written in first order logic using Prolog, and the successful specification and development of a carrier air traffic controller (CATC) dialogue. These experiments demonstrate the utility of Prolog as a high level specification language and point the way to a full dialogue development system that can incorporate a multi-layered concept of human/computer interaction.
The Certificate in Computer Programming: Five years of data
Authors: Joyce Currie Little
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

The certification effort in the computer field has been in existence since the initiation of it by the Data Processing Management Association, with the 1962 Certificate in Data Processing (CDP) examination. DPMA then started an examination for business computer programmers, called the Registered Business Programmer (RBP) examination, giving it first in 1970. With the formation of the Institute for the Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP) in 1973, these examinations were placed under the supervision of the Board of Directors of ICCP, composed of members of the sponsoring societies. ACM was one of the founding sponsors, and actively supports it. Although the RBP examination was temporarily withdrawn during the early days of ICCP, it was restored as the business specialty of the Certificate in Computer Programming (CCP), first offered in 1977. Two other specialty examinations were also established, one in scientific programming, and one in systems programming. The three examinations have a section, called the general, which is in common, with questions mixed and given without candidates knowing which ones they are. Each examination specialty has different questions mixed with those from the general section.
Application of pattern recognition to shock-Trauma studies
Authors: R. Cowley, S. Turney, W. Copes, J. Sperrazza, C. Masaitis, W. Sacco
Venue: Proceedings of the 1972 SIGGRAPH seminar on Computer graphics in medicine (1972)

This paper reports the results of a study to determine pattern vectors (Profiles) composed of physiological and biochemical measurements which reflect the severity of injury to traumatized individuals. Profiles, selected by clinicians at the University of Maryland Center for the Study of Trauma, were obtained from the Center data bank and subjected to pattern analyses using OLPARS, an on-line pattern analysis and recognition system, located at Rome Air Development Center, Rome, New York. Prognosis regions were delineated in the Eigenvector Plane and the Discriminant Plane. The time courses of individual patients were plotted in the Eigenvector Plane.
A performance evaluation of the multiple bus network for multiprocessor systems
Authors: Mateo Valero, José M. Llaberia, Jesús Labarta, Emilio Sanvicente, Tomás Lang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (1983)

In this paper we present a mathematical model to compute the bandwidth of the multiple bus interconnection network. Due to the computational complexity associated with the exact solution, the processors are removed from the queues at the end of each memory cycle to facilitate the analysis. This leads to approximate solutions which are both easier to obtain and very accurate.
A taxonomy approach to simulation model documentation
Authors: Harold Joseph Highland
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1977)

In preparing this presentation I find myself in the ineluctable position of an applications-oriented practioners espousing a pedogical approach to simulation model documentation. Although theoretically cloistered in an academic environment, my teaching is applications-oriented and not theoretical, a reflection not only of my industrial background but also my lack of a formal theoretical education in computer science. Therefore, I must note that this is a nontraditional paper in the field of simulation model documentation in that: &ordam; first, no definitive, system of documentation is herein presented, &ordam; secondly, personal suggestions and reactions are included instead of following the pristine scientific approach, and &ordam; thirdly, my prime purpose is to nudge those engaged in modeling and simulation into action in the development of some system of model documentation.
Cycle-time simulation for a multiproduct manufacturing facility
Authors: M. M. Patel, J. M. Panchal, M. T. Coughlin
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

This is a generalized simulation model for a multiproduct manufacturing line with interdependent production equipment. Based on various product demands, it simulates resources such as manpower and equipment and generates product cycle time. It is a deterministic model. It takes into consideration equipment reliability, man-machine interactions, yields, rework, and process-related constraints. The model could also be used to plan resource requirements to fulfill required product cycle times. The model is written in GPSS language with PL/1 subroutines. The temptation to include relatively less pertinent factors is resisted in order to keep the model economical.
A decomposition solution to the queueing network model of the centralized DBMS with static locking
Authors: Alexander Thomasian, In Kyung Ryu
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (1983)

The effect of concurrency control methods on the performance of computer systems is analyzed in the context of a centralized database with a static lock request policy, i.e., database transactions should acquire all locks before their activation. In the lock conflict model the L locks required by each transaction are uniformly distributed over the N locks in the database. The computer system is modelled as a queueing network. Two scheduling policies for transaction activation are considered: FCFS with and without skip. In each case the scheduling overhead for scanning the blocked transactions is taken into account. The number of transactions to be scanned is limited by a window size parameter. The system is analyzed using a hierarchical decomposition method, where the highest level model yields the mean user response time. The results of the approximate solution are validated using a detailed simulation, which shows that the analysis based on no resampling of locks is quite accurate and outperforms the simplified analysis with resampling of locks in accuracy. The effect of varying the values of parameters such as transaction size, granularity of locking, scheduling discipline for transaction activation, scheduling overhead, and window size on system performance is investigated.
Dealing with decentralization of computing facilities
Authors: Martin B. Solomon
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

In summary, Ohio State has positioned itself in such a manner as to be able to facilitate the coming rapid growth of technology applied to the university environment. These techniques may not be appropriate for other universities or colleges&mdash;but they appear to be. Politics can be a stumbling block to providing these vital services&mdash;the departments may believe that the central center possesses ulterior motives of control or consolidation. The customers must believe that the central computing center's intentions are noble for these techniques to work. But it helps if the president or vice-president is active in these negotiations to provide that high-level support from the top. The focus in computing is often on the hardware&mdash;but it is the staff support which can produce excellence in the institutional support. And the departmental computing user needs the staff support most of all.
A user's viewpoint on the Programmer's Workbench
Authors: M. H. Bianchi, J. L. Wood
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

The Programmer's Workbench boasts a broad set of highly useful features aimed at the application program developer. It claims to be a &ldquo;human-end&rdquo; computer providing tools and services to ease the load on the application system designer, programmer, documenter, tester, and delivery personnel. This paper shows the benefits of using the PWB tools, individually and in combination. Through specific examples drawn from the history of a software project, evidence is given that the use of the Programmer's Workbench can be a major contributing factor in the successful development of a software project.
ANSI X3H3 Technical Committee on Computer Graphics (Panel Discussion)
Authors: Richard Puk, Ted Reed, Mark Skall, Tom Wright
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1981)

Several members of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Technical Committee X3H3 on Computer Graphics will present current issues of the standardization effort. The focus of the discussion will be the technical content of these issues. The purpose of the panel discussion is to encourage technical dialogue between X3H3 participants and interested parties outside of X3H3. To that end, the presentations will describe major areas of concern, avenues of attack, and proposed solutions.
A Unified Approach to Scan Time Analysis of Token Rings and Polling Networks.
Authors: Subhash C. Agrawal, Jeffrey P. Buzen, Ashok K. Thareja
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1984)

Token rings and multipoint polled lines are two widely used network interconnection techniques. The general concept of cyclic allocation processes is defined and used to characterize token passing and polling in these networks. Scan time, the time to poll all nodes at least once, is an important quantity in the response time analysis of such networks. We derive expressions for the mean and variance of scan times using a direct, operational approach. Resulting expressions are general and are applicable to both exhaustive and non-exhaustive service. The effect of higher level protocols is easily incorporated in the analysis via calculations of constituent quantities. The expression for mean scan time is exact and depends only on the means of message transmission times and arrival rates. The approximate analysis of variance takes into account the correlation between message transmissions at different nodes. Expected level of accuracy is indicated by an example.
A graphics typesetting language
Authors: Christopher J. Van Wyk
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1981)

We present a new programming language, IDEAL, in which two-dimensional figures can be expressed. The language is intended to work with existing text-formatting systems so that text and figures can be typeset at the same time. The building block for IDEAL programs is called a &ldquo;box&rdquo; it shares some features with procedures and some with records in general-purpose programming languages. A box includes a system of constraints (in this incarnation, equations in complex variables) that declares the relative positions of its significant points and requests for actions to be performed at those points. A box is called by adding enough constraints to the system in its definition that its significant points can be solved for uniquely. A box call may also include additional actions to be performed during the call. The notions of drawing a line using a pattern and texturing a polygonal area follow directly from the mechanism for defining and calling boxes. Users may also ask for a box to be &ldquo;opaque&rdquo; so that it blots out pieces of picture that it covers. Finally, two commands embody the idea of sketching several pictures on different parallel planes, then merging them into a single picture. We use these when erasing to create one part of a picture would destroy another part that we want. We discuss good algorithms for implementing IDEAL when the constraints are expressed as a special kind of nonlinear system and the pictures are composed of straight lines and circular arcs. The language has been implemented, and was used to produce the paper.
An adaptable network for functional distributed systems
Authors: H. von Issendorff, W. Grünewald
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1980)

A flexible building-block system is presented which allows setting up arbitrary operational computer networks or changing them with a minimum of effort. It is at present realized as an experimental system based on minicomputers but aimed to utilize microprocessors. The paper deals with the hardware concept, the basic operating system and the software concept. Finally some experiences with regard to programming and system optimization will be described.
QTAM-control and processing in a telecommunication environment
Authors: Robert M. Winick
Venue: Proceedings of the 1969 24th national conference (1969)

Tele-processing requires dynamic management of resources with a high rate of change because of the peculiarities of the communication environment. To meet these special requirements, Queued Telecommunication Access Method (QTAM) was developed. However, it provides more than just the mechanics of an input-output control system. It is a macro-level control program which extends the facilities of data management to the tele-processing environment. This paper describes the three unique requirements imposed by QTAM's intended environment and applications: the separation of message processing and control among system tasks, non-procedural language control, and a unique allocation and scheduling mechanism.
Minicomputer speakeasy in a dynamic graphics environment
Authors: M. J. Bailey, D. C. Anderso
Venue: Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference (1977)

Speakeasy is an extensible interpretive computer language that enjoys widespread usage on a number of large-scale timesharing systems. An adaptation of Speakeasy implemented on a PDP-II minicomputer using the UNIX timesharing system is described. The minicomputer version contains many of the basic processor features of the distributed system while maintaining a high degree of language compatibility. The development of the system, however, has stressed adapting and extending the language and processor for research and instruction in a dynamic interactive graphics environment. The description emphasizes basic implementation features and examples of the graphic extensions.
Experimental results on the paging behavior of numerical programs
Authors: W. Abu-Sufah, R. Lee, M. Malkawi, P. Yew
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

Traces of numerical programs are used to examine their behavior in a paged virtual memory system. The working set policy is used for the replacement algorithm. It is found that the behavior of such programs is different from the behavior of other types of programs like compilers and system programs. These differences are most significant in the lifetime curves and the space-time cost curves. All programs examined showed ill-behavior. Moreover, the space-time costs of executing these programs are very sensitive to the choice of the control parmater, the window size. Our measurements show that approximations based on the common practice of using virtual time instead of real time in generating statistics are often inaccurate. The &ldquo;primary knee criterion&rdquo; of optimizing the space-time cost did not hold for some programs. The parameter-real memory and the real memory-fault rate anomalies show significantly in all but one of the seventeen programs examined.
Application of volumetric modeling to mechanical design and analysis
Authors: D. L. Dewhirst, R. C. Hillyard
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

Volumetric modeling surpasses surface modeling by allowing certain types of engineering analysis to be performed automatically. In this paper, we describe methods by which a designer may interact with a data base of parts. These methods afford comprehensive view control and the ability to interrogate the geometry of the model. In addition, the user may access a built-in calculator which can be programmed by means of macroinstructions. The macroinstruction definition capability allows the user to &ldquo;teach&rdquo; the system parameterized sequences of commands. As a library of such sequences grows, a relatively unsophisticated user is enabled to perform automated engineering analyses using the precise geometric model of a part or assembly. This avoids the tedium and errors associated with re-entering geometric information. For many applications, the integrated nature of the system significantly reduces lead time by allowing the design cycle to be executed within one run of the program.
The Number Wheel: A tablet based valuator for interactive three-dimensional positioning
Authors: Robert W. Thornton
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1979)

A logical valuator device which provides interactive graphical input of numeric values is presented. This device, called the Number Wheel, was developed for interactive control of highly dynamic three-dimensional displays but is not limited to this use: It is a general purpose valuator device. The implementation of the Number Wheel described here is based upon a digitizer tablet as the physical input device. The character of the Number Wheel is best explained by developing an analogy with a hypothetical physical device. The Number Wheel can be thought of as a wheel which has a portion of its circumference, or tread, protruding through a slot on the surface of the tablet, somewhat like a giant thumb wheel. Each value in the desired range of the valuator is represented by a point on the circumference of the wheel with the value of the device at any given time being the point at the top of the wheel. The valuator is changed by putting the pen on the wheel where it protrudes through the tablet and moving it back or forth in the direction of rotation. Whenever the pen leaves the rim of the wheel while still moving, the Number Wheel maintains the same speed of rotation until the pen returns to the wheel in order to change or stop its movement.
A file system for VM-TOTAL/APL
Authors: R. Bruce Mann
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1983)

This paper describes a disk and tape file system for VM-TOTAL/APL. The file system and its environment are introduced, and design objectives and considerations are presented. All significant features are briefly discussed with emphasis given to facilities that were developed specifically for the VM/CMS environment.
Programming languages for non-numeric processing&mdash;1: TMG&mdash;a syntax directed compiler
Authors: R. M. McClure
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

THIS PAPER reports on a compiler writing system called TMG, basically a syntax directed system. It has, however, some interesting differences which make it easier to handle errors and declarative information. The original objective of this system was to make it as easy as possible to construct a simple one-pass translator for some specialized language. In TMG, emphasis is placed on scanning and analysis of input text and efficient production of straightforward translation of the input. For this reason, there are substantially no facilities for handling program topology, efficient register assignment, common subexpression removal, or complicated storage assignment. It was felt that, if required, these should be handled by a specially written post-processor. To explain how one writes a translator in TMGL, we will describe in some detail a compiler which translates a simple algebraic language (SAL) into symbolic machine code for the IBM 7040.
A dynamic financial model of a utility
Authors: Andrew J. Lipinski
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

A model expressing the behavior of carriers as a function of time is essential to an understanding of their capability to respond to the needs of the computer industry. The model described is an attempt to interrelate the regulatory authority and the regulated company, and the company to its customer and owners.
An operating systems course using stand alone computers
Authors: Samuel J. Wiley
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1982)

Curriculum '78 [3] describes a course in Operating Systems and Computer Architecture. In the course outline it is stated, &ldquo;The laboratory for this course would ideally use a small computer where the students could actually implement sections of operating systems and have them fail without serious consequence to other users&rdquo;. Also in the recommendations for the Software Engineering Subject Area [8], there is a description for two courses in Operating Systems and Architecture. These include suggested projects that could be implemented on a microcomputer system. In the Spring of 1981 an Operating Sytems Course offered at La Salle College used small, stand alone computers. This paper describes the content and motivation for this course.