ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Simulation modeling of the criminal justice system and process
Authors: Haig E. Bohigian
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1977)

The purpose of this paper is to provide a primer for criminal justice professionals and a resource for computer scientists on simulation modeling as it has been and can be applied to the criminal justice system and process (CJSAP). Simulation will be defined, as well as classified on analogdigital, abstract-concrete, and deterministic-probabilistic continuums. Ten conditions necessary for the criminal justice professional to seek a simulation modeling solution are spelled out, along with six conditions necessary for the effectiveness of simulation modeling. Some pitfalls of modeling in the CJSAP are discussed along with a caution about four types of criminal justice professionals that simulation scientists might encounter. A brief historical sketch of simulation is presented in a general context and to the CJSAP in particular. Successful simulation models that have been developed in the areas of overall criminal justice planning, police patrols, court management, juror management, corrections, parole/probation, juvenile deliquency, felony investigations, police communications, prosecution, and offender tracking are identified and described. An extensive list of 126 references is provided. The paper identifies areas within the CJSAP that still have not received attention from simulation modelers or for which there is a paucity of models.
Simulation techniques for the test and evaluation of real-time computer programs
Authors: D. R. Israel
Venue: Proceedings of the 1956 11th ACM national meeting (1956)

The use of high-speed, general-purpose digital computers to control and coordinate the elements of real-time physical systems (e.g., air traffic control), poses several challenging problems in the area of system test and evaluation. As in more conventional computer applications, adequate emphasis must be given to a thorough program checkout; real-time programs, however, must also be tested and evaluated in a proper environment to ensure the adequacy and compatibility of program and system design. In a computer-controlled air traffic system, for example, comprehensive tests would be required to evaluate safety and adequacy of performance prior to full operational use. Techniques for evaluating mechanical and electronic equipment are well known, and the importance of proper test equipment is established. Program and system evaluation can be accomplished by similar techniques if facilities are provided to simulate the action of the external system by generating synthetic, but realistic, computer inputs, and monitor and analyze system outputs.
Packet arrival and buffer statistics in a packet switching node
Authors: Felix Closs
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Data communications and Data networks: Analysis and design (1973)

Packet multiplexing or switching systems split incoming customer messages into fixed length packets. Within a packet switching system information is transferred packet by packet. In this paper a model for a packet switching node is investigated. Terminals are connected to the node by local loops. In the model incoming messages are quantized into packets and completed packets are transferred to the desired outgoing trunk. Buffering techniques are applied to obtain high trunk utilization. In the model each trunk has a dedicated buffer which stores packets queueing up for transmission. First the statistics of packet arrival at a trunk buffer is analyzed by investigating the process of quantizing messages which arrive dispersed and overlapping in time. Then buffer requirements and overflow probabilities are derived as a function of local loop and trunk speeds and for various packet sizes.
Expert systems seminar
Authors: Bruce G. Buchanan, Richard O. Duda
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

In recent years there has been significant progress in developing computer programs that can perform technical tasks normally thought to require the knowledge, experience and judgment of human specialists. Known as expert systems or knowledge-based systems, these programs have achieved high levels of performance at such diverse but specialized tasks as medical diagnosis, mass-spectrum analysis, chemical synthesis, mineral exploration, and computer system configuration. This seminar will give an overview of the fundamental principles of knowledge representation and plausible inference used in these systems. Particular emphasis will be placed on rule-based systems, which provide a particularly attractive, uniform approach to representing and using judgmental knowledge. The following outline summarizes the topics to be covered.
Confidence intervals in discrete event simulation: A state-of-the-art survey
Authors: Averill M. Law
Venue: Proceedings of the 76 Bicentennial conference on Winter simulation (1976)

In this paper we give a brief non-mathematical description of the methods that can be used to construct a confidence interval for the steady-state mean of a stochastic process when the data are generated by computer simulation. We also give a list of references for each method.
Resource allocation in rectangular SW banyans
Authors: U. V. Premkumar, J. C. Browne
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1982)

This paper presents an algorithm for the formation of configurations connecting processors to memory and I/O devices on rectangular SW banyan networks with equivalent processor resources as the base nodes and equivalent memory and I/O resources as the apex nodes. Given a set of resource configuration requests, the algorithm always finds a partition of the network that meets the requests in space and time complexity linear with respect to the number of resources in the network.
Learning and remembering command names
Authors: John B. Black, Thomas P. Moran
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

Natural language would seem to have a strong effect on users' behavior with artificial command languages for interacting with computer systems. We can divide the potential effects of natural language on command languages into: (a) effects on the names of commands, (b) effects on command arguments, and (c) effects on how command-argument units are interrelated (see Black and Sebrechts [2]). Others have investigated arguments (Barnard et al. [1]) and command-argument interrelations (Carroll [4]). In this paper, we describe our research concerning the first of these&mdash;namely, how the names of commands effect the learnability and memorability of the commands. Our investigation uses text-editing as the specific domain. Applied research in human-computer interaction is a subtle affair, with many pitfalls awaiting the unwary researcher. Thus, in addition to presenting research results, we will conclude this paper with some methodological lessons.
The reduction of branch instruction execution overhead using structured control flow
Authors: Robert G. Wedig, Marc A. Rose
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1984)

This paper presents a technique for specifying change of control (e.g. branch) commands at a sequential processor's macroinstruction set level. It is shown that by representing high level language (HLL) control statements with special machine language instructions, the usual delays associated with control flow changes can be reduced. Preserving the HLL control flow information increases performance by reducing both the number of executed branches and pipeline breaks.
Simulation of pack film manufacturing
Authors: David Freeman, Pasquale Grossi, Stewart Hoover
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

For many years the Polaroid Corporation had manufactured its familiar film pack. Although this film has been available in both color and black-and-white, manufacture of both types is accomplished in exactly the same manner. Figure 1 is a view of the pack and the components which go into its fabrication. Recently, a new product now being advertised as &ldquo;The Square Shooter&rdquo; was introduced. Planning the production of the film for &ldquo;The Square Shooter&rdquo; is the concern of this paper.
Space bounds for a game on graphs
Authors: Wolfgang J. Paul, Robert Endre Tarjan, James R. Celoni
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1976)

We study a one-person game played by placing pebbles, according to certain rules, on the vertices of a directed graph. In [3] it was shown that for each graph with n vertices and maximum in-degree d , there is a pebbling strategy which requires at most c(d) n/log n pebbles. Here we show that this bound is tight to within a constant factor. We also analyze a variety of pebbling algorithms, including one which achieves the 0(n/log n) bound.
Application of an interactive surrogate simulation to Canadian air transport policy
Authors: Daniel R. Perley
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1979)

A man-man/man-machine interactive surrogate simulation for use by policy makers, policy advisors and administrators is outlined and related to air transport policy-making in Canada. Air transport is visualized and described as a 'regulatory sphere' of activity where the sphere concept is used to provide a working analogy for consideration of the relationships existing within a community consisting of such actors as government, airlines, consumers, unions and others. A vehicle descriptor system forms the foundation upon which a complex and sensitive closed-loop (demand and supply) model is constructed. Realistic assumptions and accurate specification render the model useful for testing a wide range of policy alternatives for their impact on inter-organizational relations, quantity and quality of air service provided, organizational well being and for unexpected side effects within the air transport environment.
Distribution combining program
Authors: Oldrich A. Vasicek
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

The Distribution Combining Program is a set of algorithms that evaluates the probability distribution of the sum, difference, product, or ratio of two random variables with specified distributions. The method allows for correlation between the two input variables. The input distributions are assumed to be from the semi-normal family (i.e., with density function that is composed of two normalized halves of normal densities with generally different variances). The resultant distribution is approximated by a distribution of the same type in order to provide subsequent use as an input in a series of operations. The program uses the technique of calculating several moments of the output distribution from the moments of the input distributions. This method avoids using Monte Carlo simulations, or any numerical evaluation of the convolution integrals. The program can be used in risk analysis, subjective probability evaluation, sensitivity analysis and similar situations. It is particularly suitable to replace Monte Carlo methods where correlated variables are involved, or when rapid execution is desired.
A programming technique for non-rectangular data
Authors: Bob Smith
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1979)

A programming technique is developed to deal with certain common operations on non-rectangular (ragged) data. A representation of such data in current APL is defined; a notation for applying primitive functions to this data is developed; and user-defined functions that simulate these operations for certain primitive monadic functions are illustrated.
Corporate forecasting with probabilistic financial statements
Authors: Delton L. Chesser, Pamela K. Coats
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th conference on Winter simulation (1980)

Today's financial environment is a broad arena of uncertain economic, political and operational factors. Because of this, financial forecasting models are currently receiving a growing acceptance among corporations of all sizes. For the most part, however, these models are deterministic and neglect to assess the riskiness, or likelihood, of the projections fed to them. This omission may indicate model users' general unfamiliarity with risk analysis techniques. The current study illustrates the mechanics of capturing risk in financial projections. The article delineates the requirements for an effective planning model, designs and validates such a model, applies the model under several scenarios, presents the resulting forecasts and risk profiles, and discusses the propriety of emphasizing forecasted ROI as the model's critical performance measure.
Software architecture for the implementation of a Computer-Aided Engineering system
Authors: Charles L. Leath, Steven J. Ollanik
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

This paper will focus on the implementation of a software architecture and set of related procedures that allow the designer of a design automation tool to easily modify the control of the program and the interface to the tool's user. In addition, this target user can modify the interface as well to provide a personal, more 'friendly' work environment. The procedures to be discussed are a file driven control procedure, procedures called &ldquo;dialog handlers&rdquo;, and procedures to control graphics displays. Text files used to drive and configure these software modules will also be discussed.
A probabilistic model for the evaluation of microprogram performance
Authors: John Tartar, Subrata Dasgupta
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

This paper reports the development of a probabilistic model of microprogram behavior and the application of this model to the measurement of some fundamental parameters of microprogram performance. The major parameters considered are: (a) the mean microinstruction reference time, (b) the degree of parallelism in microprograms, and (c) the effect of branch microinstructions on performance degradation. The execution of each independent machine instruction invokes a specific sequence of microinstructions from the corresponding microprogram. It is shown that for a specific class of microprograms, the above parameters may be quantitatively determined, given the probabilities of machine instructions, and the conditional probabilities of the microinstruction sequence corresponding to a particular machine instruction. Examples are given for some representative machine instructions.
Production modeling with PRISIM
Authors: Lawrence L. Rose
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual symposium on Simulation (1983)

This paper describes a software modeling facility that has been developed to provide a powerful and general capability in the production systems simulation area. Based upon the Gasp simulation language, this facility enables one to independently define the five major facets of a production system simulator: workload, workflow, factory operations, factory network configuration, and resource requirements. This simulator is being used to investigate production anomolies, to approximate resource requirements, and to assess production capabilities under varying environmental scenarios. It has proved to be a flexible, valuable tool for the simulation of job-shop activities for factory network configurations using man and machine resources.
New Communications For The Office Of The Future (Panel Discussion): Strategies and barriers
Authors: Ed Goldstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

There are several evolutionary paths and numerous barriers to developing new communications technologies for the office of the future. In this session the speakers will address in turn, various scenarios for the development of communications technologies and services, and the shifting legislative and regulatory environment which will have a major influence on these developments.
Relating Computer Science programs to the needs of industry through internships and cooperative programs
Authors: Alton R. Goddard
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1974)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some approaches for achieving more meaningful relationships between degree programs at the college level in Computer Science and the needs of industry. Nothing is more encouraging to most students than to know that their academic preparation will enhance their future life styles and future employment opportunities. Also, probably nothing is more depressing to a person than perhaps being a hungry, competent, and unemployed expert in an academic area where employment opportunities are nonexistent. The balance between knowledge attributed to real world experiences and academic theory is a crucial issue. Either type of knowledge is hollow without the other component. Mr. Jack Jackson, who is an Instructor for the American Airlines Academy amply describes an &ldquo;experience&rdquo; as being - when something is happening to you and you wish it were happening to someone else. Many schemes have been used to simulate real world electronic data processing experiences in the classroom situation. Some of these schemes have proven very successful. However, most employers will not consider this as what they mean when they ask a prospective employee &ldquo;Do you have any experience?&rdquo;. The remarks in this paper are directed toward the employer's definition.
Solid model input through orthographic views
Authors: Hiroshi Sakurai, David C. Gossard
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1983)

This paper describes the results of basic studies on procedures for creating solid models of component geometry from two-dimensional orthographic projections. An interactive graphic program was developed to allow the input of three orthographic views of a component geometry by digitizing from a drawing. The views may contain straight lines and circular arcs, solid or dashed. No restrictions are placed on the order or direction of lines and arcs in any view. Using an extension of the Wesley-Markowski procedure, the program constructs a three-dimensional solid model of the object. When the projections are ambiguous, multiple solid models are produced. The solid model may contain planar, cylindrical, conical, spherical and toroidal surfaces. Topological information of the solid model is stored in a winged edge structure. Geometric information is stored as vertex coordinates and surface equations. The procedure for 2D-3D conversion provides a powerful new method for manual input of solid models, a common interface to all turnkey graphics systems, and, properly integrated with existing technology for scanning of drawings, a powerful new method for acquisition of CAD/CAM data bases from existing drawings. The procedure is described, examples of typical input and output are shown, and possible extensions are discussed.
A terminal oriented Hardware Simulator for educational use
Authors: A. L. Glasser
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1975)

The uses of computer description languages and simulation systems for educational purposes are discussed. A new language is presented; the language and simulation system are described. A sample description (in the new language) is given.
The Multics kernel design project
Authors: Michael D. Schroeder, David D. Clark, Jerome H. Saltzer
Venue: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (1977)

We describe a plan to create an auditable version of Multics. The engineering experiments of that plan are now complete. Type extension as a design discipline has been demonstrated feasible, even for the internal workings of an operating system, where many subtle intermodule dependencies were discovered and controlled. Insight was gained into several tradeoffs between kernel complexity and user semantics. The performance and size effects of this work are encouraging. We conclude that verifiable operating system kernels may someday be feasible.
TOMAL-a high-level programming language for microprocessor process control applications
Authors: R. B. Kieburtz, J. L. Hennessy
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMINI/SIGPLAN interface meeting on Programming systems in the small processor environment (1976)

This paper describes the multi-tasking capabilities of a new microprocessor programming language that has been designed to support process control applications. A program in TOMAL is a collection of tasks, priority ordered, and possibly having real-time response constraints and internal synchronization statements. It also supports device-independent I/O programming, by allowing the characteristics of each external device to be given in a declaration. A TOMAL source program is translated into space-optimized, absolute code for a target microprocessor. The object program runs under the control of a compact, application-tailored Task Control Monitor that is also generated by the compiler. The paper discusses design philosophy and several important requirements of an implementation to achieve multi-tasking capabilities.
Applicative programming
Authors: R. M. Burstall
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

The talk will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the applicative style of programming, also called non-procedural or functional. This stems from &ldquo;pure LISP&rdquo;, although it is independent of the syntactic peculiarities of LISP, and is well-exemplified by Burge's book &ldquo;Recursive Programming&rdquo;. The idea is to do without assignment and rely on functions which produce results. Developments for this style include PROLOG and the school of logic programming, (Colmerauer,Kowalski), also the functional programming of Backus which avoids variables altogether, rather in the manner of combinatory logic. The author has recently been experimenting with the design of an applicative language, &ldquo;HOPE&rdquo;.
Simulation of student flows in a three-year diploma program
Authors: R. Greer Lavery
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1979)

This paper describes the two-model simulation using GPSS, of the three-year diploma programme, &ldquo;Computer Applications Technology&rdquo; at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, Toronto, Ontario. One model includes a prerequisite relationship between the programme courses, the other does not. The objective of this simulation was to study the effect of these different structures on student flows within the programme, particularly noting numbers of dropouts at various levels in the programme and eventual graduates. The results of this simulation study formed the basis of recommendations for future operation of the programme.
MGEN - a generator for menu driven programs
Authors: Bertil Friman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

Many interactive computer applications can with advantage be built after the menu principle. MGEN is a program that automatically builds a skeleton of a menu driven program. It is a well known problem that users of programs normally cannot state what they really want until they see the finished program running. With MGEN, the resulting program can be simulated by the use of examples. To enable efficient utilization by skilled users, a feature called &ldquo;quick selection&rdquo; is implemented.
A new channel routing problem
Authors: H. W. Leong, C. L. Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

In this paper, we present a new model for channel routing. This model generalizes of the model previously studied in the literature. Informally, our model allow the possibility of connecting, for any given net, only some but not all of the pins that belongs to that net. An algorithm for this model was designed and implemented. Experimental results showed that our algorithm is quite effective.