ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
&#931ynergos—Synergetic VisionResearch
Authors: Odemir Martinez Bruno, Roberto M. Cesar,  Jr., Luis A. Consularo, Luciano Da Fontoura Costa
Venue: Real-Time Systems (2001)

This paper reports the development of a powerful and versatile laboratory for vision research, namely \varSigmaynergos, which has been developed and implemented under Delphi /Windows in a distributed systems of microcomputers. The main paradigm underlying the whole approach consists in integrating several concepts and techniques into a single computing environment, i.e. \varSigmaynergos, in such a way that the requisites and possibilities of each of the constituent components complement one another and the thus obtained result becomes greater than the sum of its parts. The components of \varSigmaynergos include distributed system capabilities and a number of libraries containing algorithms for: computer vision, modeling and simulation of biological visual systems, data and classification analysis, software validation and comparative evaluation, Internet, off-the-shelf application, image databases, artificial intelligence, data mining, and visualization resources. In this paper special emphasis is placed upon the Internet, distributed implementation and biological vision. After outlining the principal requisites and potentials underlying each of such components, some specific situations of interest arising from the integration of two or more of such elements are described and discussed. Details concerning the integration with Internet and the implementation of the laboratory as a distributed system are provided, and a complete case-example is presented. This applications regards the implementation of a psychophysical experiment aimed at investigating human perception of pictorial complexity, including the derivation of a mathematic-computational framework modeling such a perception as well as the use of the Internet as a source of stimuli and for reporting the obtained results. In addition, the mathematic-computational model is derived by using a parallel version of the genetic algorithm running on the distributed system of PCs. The obtained encouraging results substantiate the potential of this vision laboratory for multidisciplinary vision research.
Full-chip, three-dimensional, shapes-based RLC extraction
Authors: K. L. Shepard, D. Sitaram, Yu Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2000)

In this paper, we report the development of the first commercial full-chip, three-dimensional, shapes-based, RLCK extraction tool, developed as part of a university-industry collaboration. The technique of return-limited inductances is used to provide a sparse, frequency-independent inductance and resistance network with self-inductances that represent sensible "nominal" values in the absence of mutual coupling. Mutual inductances are extracted for accurate noise analysis. The tool, Assura RLCX, exploits high-capacity scan-band techniques and disk caching for inductance extraction as an extension to Cadence's existing Assura RCX extractor.
3D visualization development at NOAA forecast systems laboratory
Authors: Paula T. McCaslin, Philip A. McDonald, Edward J. Szoke
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (2000)

Visualization transforms numeric data into a visual form that enables users to conceptualize and understand the information. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is the ability to display, analyze, manipulate and interact with 3D data in 3 space. New visualization tools, 3D in nature, are being designed to display meteorological datasets for use in operational forecasting.Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) has been supporting the development of 3D visualization software and applications since 1990. Until recently, the emphasis has been on research application. Using commercial visualization software called the Application Visualization System (AVS5), both analysis and forecast 3D data were displayed and investigated. The software was used for visual analysis and scanning of data for the presence of desired features. For example, plotting of the station observations with forecast-generated data allows visual comparison of the two. Figure 1 shows 3D images of weather parameters from the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) analysis output, which is created automatically on an hourly basis for the World Wide Web.Operational meteorologists who issue forecasts and warnings for the nation from the various Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs; see http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrhq/nwspage.html for a display of WFOs across the nation) currently utilize two-dimensional displays of analyses and numerical model output, combined with images from satellites and radar. They do this on a system developed at FSL call the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS). Visualization has been used successfully in the research context for some time. The next logical step was to determine if 3D visualization can offer added value in an operational setting. This required developing a 3D visualization workstation application, conducting a forecast exercise using the system and evaluating feedback from the exercise. An experimental workstation application, Display 3D (D3D), was developed at FSL to investigate the complexities and 3D structure of atmospheric parameters, and potential value added of 3D displays in an operational forecast setting. The D3D system was designed to be used with the two-dimensional AWIPS operational system known as D2D.The scope of this article covers the development of the D3D application, plus a brief description of the D3D real-time exercise (RT98).
Hierarchical Discrete-Event Simulation on Hypercube Architectures
Authors: Roger D. Chamberlain, Mark A. Franklin
Venue: IEEE Micro (1990)

The simulation of systems that include components at varying levels of abstraction is addressed. A performance model of a hierarchical discrete-event simulation algorithm running on a hypercube architecture is presented. The model allows the performance impact of decisions made in the design of the parallel processor as well as in the design of the simulation algorithm to be examined. Three static component partitioning strategies are considered: random partitioning, heuristic partitioning, and simulated annealing. The performance model is applied to digital system simulation.
Robust Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting System with Error-Resilient Schemes
Authors: Chuxiang Li, Jianhua Lu, Jun Gu, Ming L. Liou
Venue: Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems (2003)

In this paper, error-resilient schemes are proposed to support robust video transmission for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting (DTTB). In particular, a temporal error concealment incorporated with a low-complexity block-matching is developed, achieving an effective reception of predictive pictures in harsh terrestrial environment. Special algorithms are also designed for isolated I-pictures. Moreover, combined with an intra/inter case prediction, an adaptive error concealment scheme is further contrived to fit for different error conditions. Extensive simulations have been conducted under various DTTB channel conditions, even with a very high packet error rate, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Terraforming Cyberspace
Authors: Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, Niranjan Suri, Alberto J. Cañas, Robert Davis, Kenneth Ford, Robert Hoffman, Renia Jeffers, Thomas Reichherzer
Venue: Computer (2001)

Cyberspace currently offers a lonely, dangerous, and relatively impoverished environment for software agents, which do not easily sustain rich, long-term, peer-to- peer relationships. No social safety net helps agents when they get stuck or prevents them from setting the network on fire when they go awry. Agents remain cut off from most of the world in which humans operate, and severe practical restrictions limit when and where they can go. The first passerby who finds the power switch can unceremoniously terminate an agent's existence. The authors advocate not only making agents smarter and stronger but also making the environment in which they operate more capable of sustaining various forms of agent life and civilization. As a new kind of environment for human beings, cyberspace is now woefully primitive. Most of our electronically built space is a rat's nest of bewildering pathways of indeterminate destination, much like medieval Rome. Those who are designing and building cyberspace might benefit from the example of the humanist Popes of the Renaissance, who used the cittá ideale concepts to produce connectivity and impart legibility to their city's layout.
Interactive Visual Modeling for Performance
Authors: Cynthia A. Funka-Lea, Tasos D. Kontogiorgos, Robert J. T. Morris, Larry D. Rubin
Venue: IEEE Software (1991)

An overview is given of Q+, an interactive tool for performance modeling that uses graphical input and visual output. Two major enhancements are a subnetwork capability for structuring models hierarchically and an integrated expression capability. New capabilities are custom icons and temporal browsing. With a Q+ icon palette, users can draw their own icons and manipulate existing ones. The browser allows browsing, editing and updating Q+ information, which can be textual or graphical. Automatic model building, operations management, and experimental design with Q+ are discussed.
TranScaling: a video coding and multicasting framework for wireless IP multimedia services
Authors: Hayder Radha
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia (2001)

The convergence of the Internet with new wireless and mobile networks is creating a whole new level of heterogeneity in multimedia communications. This increased level of heterogeneity emphasizes the need for scalable and adaptive video solutions both for coding and transmission purposes. However, in general, there is an inherent tradeoff between the level of scalability and the quality of scalable video streams. In other words, the higher the bandwidth variation, the lower the overall video quality of the scalable stream that is needed to support the desired bandwidth range. In this paper, we introduce the notion of TranScaling (TS) which is a generalization of (non-scalable) transcoding. With transcaling, a scalable video stream, that covers a given bandwidth range, is mapped into one or more scalable video streams covering different bandwidth ranges. Our proposed TS framework exploits the fact that the level of heterogeneity changes at different points of the video distribution tree over wireless and mobile Internet networks. This provides the opportunity to improve the video quality by performing the appropriate transcaling process. We argue that an Internet/wireless network gateway represents a good candidate for performing transcaling. Moreover, we describe Hierarchical TranScaling (HTS) which provides a "Transcalar" the option of choosing among different levels of transcaling processes with different complexities. We illustrate the benefits of transcaling by considering the recently developed MPEG-4 Fine-Granular-Scalability (FGS) video coding. Simulation results of video transcaling are also presented.
Approximate Bayes Factors for Image Segmentation: The Pseudolikelihood Information Criterion (PLIC)
Authors: Derek C. Stanford, Adrian E. Raftery
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2002)

We propose a method for choosing the number of colors or true gray levels in an image; this allows fully automatic segmentation of images. Our underlying probability model is a hidden Markov random field. Each number of colors considered is viewed as corresponding to a statistical model for the image, and the resulting models are compared via approximate Bayes factors. The Bayes factors are approximated using BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion), where the required maximized likelihood is approximated by the Qian-Titterington pseudolikelihood. We call the resulting criterion PLIC (Pseudolikelihood Information Criterion). We also discuss a simpler approximation, MMIC (Marginal Mixture Information Criterion), which is based only on the marginal distribution of pixel values. This turns out to be useful for initialization and it also has moderately good performance by itself when the amount of spatial dependence in an image is low. We apply PLIC and MMIC to a medical image segmentation problem.
Electronic transport in Ru-Si-O and Ir-Si-O amorphous thin films
Authors: U. Gottlieb, O. Laborde, P. H. Giauque, M.-A. Nicolet, R. Madar
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

We present here resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements at low temperatures (1 K > T > 300 K) and under high magnetic field (B > 8 T) of Ru17Si16O67 amorphous thin film. These amorphous films are characterised by a mixture of metallic RuO2 or IrO2 and insulating SiO2. For Ru17Si16O67 the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature but the variation is too small to be described by a thermal activation law. The resistivity of Ir18Si15O67 is lower than that of Ru17Si16O67, increasing with temperature. The change is only about 2% over the whole temperature range. For both materials, the Hall effect is very small and negative and varies slightly with temperature. The magnetoresistance is very small and positive not exceeding 2% at lowest temperatures and highest fields.
Accurate Modeling of Region Data
Authors: G. Proietti, C. Faloutsos
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2001)

Spatial data appear in numerous applications, such as GISmultimediaand even traditional databases. Most of the analysis on spatial data has focused on point data, typically using the uniformity assumption, or, more accurately, a fractal distribution. However, no results exist for nonpoint spatial data, like 2D regions (e.g., islands), 3D volumes (e.g., physical objects in the real world), etc. This is exactly the problem we solve in this paper. Based on experimental evidence that real areas and volumes follow a ¿power law,¿ that we named REGAL (REGion Area Law), we show 1) the theoretical implications of our model and its connection with the ubiquitous fractals and 2) the first of its practical uses, namely, the selectivity estimation for range queries. Experiments on a variety of real data sets (islands, lakes, and human-inhabited areas) show that our method is extremely accurate, enjoying a maximum relative error ranging from 1 to 5 percent, versus 30-70 percent of a naive model that uses the uniformity assumption.
On efficiency of optimization in fuzzy c-means
Authors: Yingkang Hu, Richard J. Hathaway
Venue: Neural, Parallel Scientific Computations (2002)

The efficiency of optimization in fuzzy c-means clustering is investigated. Numerous, powerful, general-purpose simultaneous optimization (SO) methods, and hybrid methods combining these and the most widely used alternating optimization (AO) method, are extensively tested for speed comparison. AO is clearly the best and simplest of the methods we tested when used on data sets of small or moderate sizes, especially those containing well-separated clusters. This justifies the extremely wide use of AO. On large-scale problems, some methods we tested are significantly faster than AO.
A Retargetable Embedded In-Circuit Emulation Module for Microprocessors
Authors: Ing-Jer Huang, Chung-Fu Kao, Hsin-Ming Chen, Ching-Nan Juan, Tai-An Lu
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2002)

AN IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR (ICE) is part of the development environment for microprocessors-based(or microcontroller-based) systems, called target systems. The ICE, while retaining the same functionality as the original microprocessor, provides extra debugging and testing mechanismssuch as single stepping, breakpoint setting and detection, andinternal resource monitoring andmodification to support designers in developing and maintaining the target system's hardware and software. ICE implementation can be at either the board or chip level. Most ICEs are board-level designs suitable for board-level target systems. 1-3 However, in response to the need for better performance, more functionality, and a higher degree of integration systems on chips (SoCs), for example it ismore practical to embed the ICE into the microprocessor core on the same chip Examples include ARM's embedded microprocessor, Intel's 86 embedded microprocessor, and IBM'sPowerPC microprocessors.
Decision Trees: An Overview and Their Use in Medicine
Authors: Vili Podgorelec, Peter Kokol, Bruno Stiglic, Ivan Rozman
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2002)

In medical decision making (classification, diagnosing, etc.) there are many situations where decision must be made effectively and reliably. Conceptual simple decision making models with the possibility of automatic learning are the most appropriate for performing such tasks. Decision trees are a reliable and effective decision making technique that provide high classification accuracy with a simple representation of gathered knowledge and they have been used in different areas of medical decision making. In the paper we present the basic characteristics of decision trees and the successful alternatives to the traditional induction approach with the emphasis on existing and possible future applications in medicine.
Developing a Parallel-Readout Optical-Disk System
Authors: Plilippe Marchand, Pierre Ambs
Venue: IEEE Micro (1994)

Optical-disk technology offers high storage densities with the possibility of parallel readout. Simply by illuminating a disk area containing more than one bit and appropriately encoding the bits, this technology permits retrieval of multiple data in parallel. When used in conjunction with a custom-designed parallel optoelectronic processing system, such systems meet the front-end storage and processing requirements for parallel-computing applications. The content-addressable memory system we are developing should prove useful for future very large database systems.
Software quark model: an elementary particle model for measuring software evolution
Authors: Tsuneo Ajisaka
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2001)

This paper presents an elementary particle model to facilitate traceability of evolving software. The model is called Software Quark Model, constructed by fundamental conceptual elements representing software subject information. They can interpret any software description except nonfunctional requirements and convey intrinsic semantics independent from any presentation and perspective information.
A Taxonomy of Program Visualization Systems
Authors: Gruia-Catalin Roman, Kenneth C. Cox
Venue: Computer (1993)

A taxonomy of program visualization systems that is based on a model of program visualization that maps programs to graphical representations is presented. The taxonomy is illustrated with three program visualization systems representative of research trends: Zeus, Tango, and Pavane.
Extending Pearl for Industrial Real-Time Applications
Authors: Alexander D. Stoyenko, Wolfgang A. Halang
Venue: IEEE Software (1993)

High-Integrity Pearl, (HI-Pearl) an extension to the Process and Experiment Automation Real-Time language (Pearl) which incorporates several principles from the real-time Euclid language, is described. The requirements of real-time software and components of a real-time language are reviewed. HI-Pearl's mechanisms for concurrency control, synchronization, allocation, time-bounded loops, surveillance of events, parallelism, timing constraints, overload detection and handling, storage management, run tracing, and error detection and handling are discussed. HI-Pearl's schedulability analyzer, an automated tool to predict whether real-time software will adhere to its critical timing constraints, is also discussed.
Connectivity shapes
Authors: Martin Isenburg, Stefan Gumhold, Craig Gotsman
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01 (2001)

We describe a method to visualize the connectivity graph of a mesh using a natural embedding in 3D space. This uses a 3D shape representation that is based solely on mesh connectivity --- the connectivity shape. Given a connectivity, we define its natural geometry as a smooth embedding in space with uniform edge lengths and describe efficient techniques to compute it. Our main contribution is to demonstrate that a surprising amount of geometric information is implicit in the connectivity.We also show how to generate connectivity shapes that approximate given 3D shapes. Potential applications of connectivity shapes to modeling and mesh coding are described.
Time and/or space sharing in a workstation cluster environment
Authors: Stephen W. Turner, Lionel M. Ni, Betty H. C. Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 1994 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (1994)

The clustered parallel computer (CPC), based on a workstation cluster, is becoming popular as a choice for high-performance network or parallel computing. However, operating system overheads, network protocols, and higher message-passing latency contribute to a lower overall communication performance in a cluster of workstations, increasing the likelihood that timesharing of parallel jobs can be used to improve system throughput in a workstation cluster. The traditional means by which the CPC minimizes user job turnaround time (JTT) is through space sharing, in which user jobs are given exclusive control over clusters of processors. The objective of this study is to examine methods by which system utilization may be increased by giving timeshared access to parallel jobs without sacrificing the primary goal of minimizing user JTT.
A wide field, high dynamic range, stereographic viewer
Authors: Patrick Ledda, Greg Ward, Alan Chalmers
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia (2003)

In this paper we present a High Dynamic Range viewer based on the 120-degree field-of-view LEEP (Large Expanse Extra Perspective) stereo optics used in the original NASA virtual reality systems. By combining these optics with an intense backlighting system (20 Kcd/m2) and layered transparencies, we are able to reproduce the absolute luminance levels and full dynamic range of almost any visual environment. This is important because it allows us to display environments with luminance levels that would not be displayable on a standard monitor. This technology may enable researchers to conduct controlled experiments in visual contrast, chromatic adaptation, and disability and discomfort glare without the usual limitations of dynamic range and field of view imposed by conventional CRT display systems. In this paper, we describe the basic system and techniques used to produce the transparency layers from a high dynamic range rendering or scene capture. We further present a series of psychophysical experiments demonstrating the device's ability to reproduce visual percepts, and compare this result to the real scene and a visibility matching tone reproduction operator presented on a conventional CRT display.
Partially Strongly Fault Secure and Partially Strongly Code Disjoint 1-out-of-3 Code Checker
Authors: J. Q. Wang, P. K. Lala
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1994)

In this brief communication, we present a checker design for 1-out-of-3 code that satisfies partially strongly fault-secure and partially strongly code-disjoint (PSFS/PSCD) properties. It is more efficient in terms of number of gates and time delay than any previously proposed 1-out-of-3 code checkers in the literature.
The Integration of Rule Systems and Database Systems
Authors: M. Stonebraker
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1992)

The integration of rule systems into database management systems is explored. Research activities in this area over the past decade are surveyed. The focus is on prototype systems that have been completely specified and the implementation issues encountered. A research agenda which should be addressed by the research community over the next few years is presented.