ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Steiner subtrees of random trees for traceroute algorithms
Authors: Fabrice Guillemin, Philippe Robert
Venue: Random Structures Algorithms (2009)

We consider in this article the problem of discovering, via a traceroute algorithm, the topology of a network, whose graph is spanned by an infinite branching process. A subset of nodes is selected according to some criterion. As a measure of efficiency of the algorithm, the Steiner distance of the selected nodes, i.e. the size of the spanning subtree of these nodes, is investigated. For the selection of nodes, two criteria are considered: a node is randomly selected with a probability, which is either independent of the depth of the node (uniform model) or else in the depth biased model, is exponentially decaying with respect to its depth. The limiting behavior the size of the discovered subtree is investigated for both models. &copy; 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Modding as Rating Behavior in Virtual Communities: The Case of Rooster Teeth Productions
Authors: Stefan Haefliger, Philip Reichen, Peter M. Jäger, Georg Krogh
Venue: Proceedings of the 3d International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Virtual communities that make use of social network site features blend known applications of virtual communities. These communities can be simultaneously social and commercial, organization sponsored and heavily relying on member interaction. We explore modding behavior that allows members to evaluate other members' contributions both with numerical value and qualitative rating. We show that approximately half of all members received mods on their comments, that the majority of mods given were positive, and that the amount of mods received for a comment was related to the position of the comment in the community website's thread. Contributing to the emerging literature of social network sites and virtual communities, we discuss implications for theory, future research and management.
A design methodology for form-based knowledge reuse and representation
Authors: Jen-Her Wu
Venue: Information and Management (2009)

Paper forms are regularly used for collecting and disseminating knowledge in offices; they are a natural way of eliciting requirements of knowledge workers. Many organizations have implemented a groupware system to integrate the organizational knowledge and support knowledge creation. However, design methods for flexible form-based knowledge reuse and representation are limited. We developed a methodology based on the enhanced cognitive fit theory; it utilizes factoring and synthesis principles to manipulate form-based knowledge. The methodology was articulated using the design science research methodology. A prototype embedded methodology was built to support a knowledge worker in knowledge creation and reuse in a high tech firm. The resulting system allowed flexible form-based knowledge creation that was useful for problem solving and exploiting opportunities. Implications and conclusions are discussed.
A technical framework to support implicit structured collaboration
Authors: Andreas Lingnau, Martina Bientzle
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1 (2009)

Verbal communication, particularly the ability to give directions and understand them, is a key not only for learning but also for every day life. Since one main objective of schools for pupils with cognitive disability or learning difficulties is to prepare pupils to manage their every day life on their own, we expect that teaching pupils how to learn and work collaboratively by sharing tasks, give directions to each other and understand them, will support this process and provide them in becoming more independent. In this paper we will present an environment which supports implicit scripted collaborative task solving without increasing cognitive load.
Analyzing the Speed Dispersion Influence on Traffic Safety
Authors: Fangqiang Lu, Xuewu Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of speed dispersion on traffic safety. The average speed difference (ASD for short) of two neighboring vehicles was used to define the speed dispersion. Based on the traffic data obtained from Airport freeway in China and A20 freeway in the Netherlands, we carried out a comparative study on speed dispersion characteristics. We found that the speed dispersion of traffic flow on Airport freeway were larger than that on A20 freeway. The comparing results showed that A20 freeway was safer than Airport freeway. Some possible reasons were provided in this paper. This indicates that the ratio of large vehicle, traffic flow and over-speed are the three main factors of speed dispersion influence on traffic safety.
An Aggregation-Based Raw Reputation Generation Approach
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong, Zhang Tianyan, Lan Xiaofeng, Xu Jingdong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Architecture, and Storage (2009)

In the anti-spam area, distributed spam processing technology that based on reputation mechanism is a currently main focus in research. The raw reputation plays an important role in computing the finial reputation of the target node. In this paper, we analyze the ratio-based raw reputation generation approach in detail, point out its problems, and propose an aggregation-based raw reputation generation approach. Furthermore, we discuss how the number of evaluations and the method using to choose these evaluations impact on the result of raw reputation. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that aggregation-based approach is much more effective and accurate than ratio-based approach. As long as we choose the proper number of evaluations, the results can accurately reflect behavior of the target node.
Resource-Competing Oscillator Network as a Model of Amoeba-Based Neurocomputer
Authors: Masashi Aono, Yoshito Hirata, Masahiko Hara, Kazuyuki Aihara
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Unconventional Computation (2009)

An amoeboid organism, Physarum, exhibits rich spatiotemporal oscillatory behavior and various computational capabilities. Previously, the authors created a recurrent neurocomputer incorporating the amoeba as a computing substrate to solve optimization problems. In this paper, considering the amoeba to be a network of oscillators coupled such that they compete for constant amounts of resources, we present a model of the amoeba-based neurocomputer. The model generates a number of oscillation modes and produces not only simple behavior to stabilize a single mode but also complex behavior to spontaneously switch among different modes, which reproduces well the experimentally observed behavior of the amoeba. To explore the significance of the complex behavior, we set a test problem used to compare computational performances of the oscillation modes. The problem is a kind of optimization problem of how to allocate a limited amount of resource to oscillators such that conflicts among them can be minimized. We show that the complex behavior enables to attain a wider variety of solutions to the problem and produces better performances compared with the simple behavior.
Development of MRF Damper Modelling and Validation of MRF Damper Test
Authors: Zhu Tianjun, Zong Changfu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IITA International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (case 2009) (2009)

Active/semi-active suspension systems are getting widely accepted for their potential to improve ride comfort of passenger cars. In this work, the paper develops the model of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) damper to describe the hysteretic behaviors and damper characteristic. It used the modeling-after-test method to establish an accurate MRF-damper model, and the MRF damper model is consecutive adjustable. The linear interpolation technique is used to derive an equivalent MRF damper model. The simulation results of the developed MRF model are verified using MTS damper test. It is shown that the built MRF model matches the test data very well.
HB - MAC: Improving the Random - HB# Authentication Protocol
Authors: Panagiotis Rizomiliotis
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (2009)

The Random - HB # protocol is a significant improvement of the HB + protocol introduced by Juels and Weis for the authentication of low-cost RFID tags. Random - HB # improves HB + in terms of both security and practicality. It is provably resistant against man-in-the-middle attacks, where the adversary can modify messages send from the reader to the tag and performs significantly better than HB + , since it reduces the transmission costs and provides more practical error rates. The only problem with Random - HB # is that the storage costs for the secret keys are insurmountable to low cost tags. The designers of the protocol have proposed also an enhanced variant which has less storage requirements, but it is not supported by a security proof. They call this variant just HB #. In this paper we propose a variant of the Random - HB #. The new proposal maintains the performance of the Random - HB #, but it requires significantly less storage for the key. To achieve that we add a lightweight message authentication code to protect the integrity of all the exchanged messages.
Relationship between Different Level Road Expansion and Soil Erosion Distribution: A Case Study of Lancang County, Southwest China
Authors: Zhaoling Zhang, Shiliang Liu, Wei Fu, Yuhong Dong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

The effects of road construction and expansion on soil erosion distribution are large, and there exists great spatial variation of different level roads. How to quantitatively analyze the soil loss and their relationship is very important. Taking Lancang county as a case, we calculated the soil loss based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and GIS. Also, the average and sum soil loss of different level roads in series of buffers range were deduced. Results showed that: 1) The mean soil erosion modulus within 600m had a decline trend except the first class road. The first class road had a wider effect on soil erosion since the drop appeared outside 600m. 2) The sum amount of soil loss near the fourth class roads is the most and most obviously downtrend in buffer range.
OrdPathX: Supporting Two Dimensions of Node Insertion in XML Data
Authors: Jing Cai, Chung Keung Poon
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2009)

We introduce a novel XML labeling scheme called OrdPathX which supports both leaf and internal node insertions for XML data. Dynamic XML labeling has been studied for years. However almost all labeling schemes allow only leaf node insertions. Inspired by the careting-in technique of OrdPath [7], we propose a new labeling algorithm which supports internal node insertions gracefully without relabeling. We will describe the labeling algorithm and the associated operations for various inter-node relationship determination. Experimental results show that OrdPathX can handle internal node insertions efficiently.
Supporting Reusability of VR and AR Interface Elements and Interaction Techniques
Authors: Wolfgang Broll, Jan Herling
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

In contrast to 2D environments which apply well established user interface elements and generally accepted interaction techniques, VR and AR applications typically provide rather individual and specific realizations. This often leads to inconsistent user interfaces and a long and cumbersome development process. In this paper we show how we extended our approach on modeling VR and AR interface elements and interaction techniques represented by interaction and behavior objects by some simple yet powerful mechanisms: modules, templates, and inheritance. We will also show how specific examples could benefit from that approach.
Ear Identification Based on KICA and SVM
Authors: Wu He-lei, Wang Qian, Shen Hua-jun, Hu Ling-yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 04 (2009)

This paper gives a research in ear identification. After giving an introduction about Independent Components Analysis (ICA), the paper put forward an improved Kernel Independent Components Analysis (KICA) which can be described as a combination of KPCA and ICA to extract features, And use Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF) for ear classification. The experiments results show the method in the paper gives a high recognition rate compared to ICA method.
How Computers Work: Processor And Main Memory
Authors: Roger Young
Venue:  (2009)

Computers are the most complex machines that have ever been created. This book will tell you how they work, and no technical knowledge is required. It explains in great detail the operation of a simple but functional computer. Although transistors are mentioned, relays are used in the example circuitry for simplicity. Did you ever wonder what a bit, a pixel, a latch, a word (of memory), a data bus, an address bus, a memory, a register, a processor, a timing diagram, a clock (of a processor), an instruction, or machine code is? Unlike most explanations of how computers work which are a lot of analogies or require a background in electrical engineering, this book will tell you precisely what each of them is and how each of them works without requiring any previous knowledge of computers, programming, or electronics. This book starts out very simple and gets more complex as it goes along, but everything is explained. The processor and memory are mainly covered. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The Design of Online Learning Process Analysis and Mining System
Authors: XiaoMing Cao, Kekang He, Shiqing Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 First International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications (2009)

Data analysis and mining is an important paradigm for educational assessment. But most of the existing solutions are based on direct mining of random structured log files. Therefore there exist some key issues like low efficiency, complex calculation formula, and difficult to provide vivid feedback. This paper presents an innovative approach of defining individual data mining unit into "learning activity". It introduces a complete and replayable learning process framework through the analysis on node properties and record of students' activity information on each node. This paper further discusses three core questions within system design, e.g. record of learning process, analysis of learning cycle, and feedback of learning result, and then presents related solutions. In the end of this paper, it briefly summarizes the framework of evaluation system based on this research, and its application progress in a national teacher training project hold by China Ministry of Education.
Content Based Image Hashing Robust to Geometric Transformations
Authors: Zhang Hanling, Xiong Caiqiong, Geng Guangzhi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 02 (2009)

An image hashing provides a compact representation of an image that can be used for authenticating that image. This paper presents a new approach for generating an image hashing that is resilient to content-preserving modifications and at the same time, is capable of detecting malicious tampering. The invariant features are extracted via DWT and Radon transform followed by log mapping and then Fourier transform. In detection, the normalized Hamming distance is employed to weigh the similarity of the image hashing. Experimental results show that the proposed method can resist insignificant modifications such as compression, moderate geometric and filtering distortions. It is also sensitive to content changing (malicious) manipulations of image data.
Online New Event Detection Based on IPLSA
Authors: Xiaoming Zhang, Zhoujun Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2009)

New event detection (NED) involves monitoring one or multiple news streams to detect the stories that report on new events. With the overwhelming volume of news available today, NED has become a challenging task. In this paper, we proposed a new NED model based on incremental PLSA(IPLSA), and it can handle new document arriving in a stream and update parameters with less time complexity. Moreover, to avoid the limitation of TF-IDF method, a new approach of term reweighting is proposed. By dynamically exploiting importance of documents in discrimination of terms and documents' topic information, this approach is more accurate. Experimental results on Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) datasets TDT4 show that the proposed model can improve both recall and precision of NED task significantly, compared to the baseline system and other existing systems.
Mining Organizational Networks for Layoff Prediction Model Construction
Authors: Huo-Tsan Chang, Hui-Ju Wu, I-Hsien Ting
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining (2009)

Global economic recession has been causing the unpaid leave and massive layoffs in major high-tech firms of Taiwan, both factors present great potential hardship to many employees according to the reports from industry. Therefore, layoff prediction and management have become great concerns of employees and managers. Employees wish to retain their jobs and keep their work for a long time. Hence, they need to predict the possible layoff and then utilize their resources to retain their job. In response to the difficulty of layoff prediction, this study applies social networks and data mining techniques to build a model for layoff prediction. This study compares various techniques to propose a better approach to generate a possible layoff list for employees. Through an empirical study, the results indicate that the proposed approach has pretty good prediction accuracy by using organizational networks, employee databases and layoff records to build the layoff prediction model.
Introduction to the Future of Reconfigurable Computing and Processor Architectures
Authors: Luigi Carro, Stephan Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (2009)

As technology scales up, the design productivity slows down and new approaches must be sought after to reach the design productivity (or bridge the gap) that is nowadays common for general-purpose processor design. New tools, technologies, languages, operating systems, and design approaches are likely to be needed. Nowadays, extra transistors are utilized for acceleration purposes (next to prototyping circuits), like they have been used in the past for floating-point operation, and it is today for the case of special blocks embedded into computer architectures like the MMX, SSE, and GPU. In this special session, selected papers add to the discussion on how this symbiosis will evolve, showing how general-purpose or multicore computing can benefit from reconfiguration, how can one generalize current accelerators, and how this all will affect the way compilers produce code or deals with virtualization, and the integrating role of the OS. Moreover, one should look at how technology evolution will cope with current possible show stoppers, like the communication problem and the interface to the operating system. Five papers covering these different aspects are presented in this session. The first one discusses the role of the OS on managing reconfigurable resources. The next two papers discuss the role of reconfigurable devices being used as accelerators in new application domains, followed by an analysis of the role of reconfigurable computing in the current search for parallelism exploitation. Finally, the session ends with a survey on the use of reconfiguration in multithread architectures.
A Novel Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Xie Hui, Zhang Zhigang, Zhou Xueguang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

The applications of Wireless Sensor Networks are seriously constrained by energy supply. So how to prolong the network lifetime is an important and challenging issue, which is the focus of designing the WSNs routing protocol. We propose an approach of the wireless sensor network routing protocol based on ant colony optimization. The ACO approach consider not only the path delay but also the node energy and the frequency anode acting as a router to achieve a dynamic and adaptive routing, which can effectively balance the WSNs node power consumption and increase network lifetime as long as possible.Simulation results have show the ACO routing protocol significantly improves the network lifetime.
On the Gap between Automated and In-Vivo Evaluations of Web Accessibility
Authors: Rui Lopes, Luís Carriço
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services (2009)

In this paper we present an accessibility analysis framework for the specification of Web accessibility evaluation scenarios that differentiates the requirements of users with disabilities, in order to achieve personalised accessibility assessment. We apply this framework to evaluations of Web Accessibility (e.g., WCAG 2.0 conformance) and to usability evaluations with users with disabilities. With this framework we leverage usability tests with these users in order to discern the non-automatable parts of WCAG and, consequently, skip the requirement of having experts analyse these parts for each personalisation scenario.
Anshin as Emotional Trust: A Comparison Study between U.S. and Japanese Non-computer-science Students
Authors: Yuko Murayama, Yasuhiro Fujihara, Dai Nishioka, Carl Hauser, Atushi Inoue
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2009)

Traditional research on security and safety has been based on the assumption that a user feels secure and safe when using objectively secure and safe systems and services. In this research we investigate users’ subjective sense of security, which we call Anshin in Japanese. This paper reports our empirical comparison of factors contributing to non-computer-science students’ sense of security between the US and Japan based on a questionnaire survey. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) we identified two common factors contributing to the sense of security for students in Japan and the US: cognitive trust in terms of the integrity and competence of the service providers, and user interface usability of the systems and services. The EFA also identified two additional, different, factors in each of the populations.The third factor with US students is Cognitive Trust in terms of competence of the systems and services and the feeling of benevolence about systems and service without any reason, whereas with Japanese students it is the users’ assessment of risks. US students have knowledge as the fourth factor whereas the students in Japan have experience as the fourth factor.