ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reality Tooning: Fast Non-Photorealism for Augmented Video Streams
Authors: Jan Fischer, Dirk Bartz, Wolfgang Strasser
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2005)

Recently, we have proposed a novel approach to generating augmented video streams. The output images are a non-photorealistic reproduction of the augmented environment. Special stylization methods are applied to both the background camera image and the virtual objects. This way, the graphical foreground and the real background images are rendered in a similar style, so that they are less distinguishable from each other. Here, we present a new algorithm for the cartoon-like stylization of augmented reality images, which uses a novel post-processing filter for cartoon-like color segmentation and high-contrast silhouettes. In order to make a fast post-processing of rendered images possible, the programmability of modern graphics hardware is exploited. The system is capable of generating a stylized augmented video stream of high visual quality at real-time frame rates.
A reconfigurable group management middleware service for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Mardoqueu Souza Vieira, Nelson Souto Rosa
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Middleware for pervasive and ad-hoc computing (2005)

Group management service plays a key role in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as it provides support to high level middleware services such as object tracking, security, fault-tolerance, power management, and so on. However, the way a group is managed may vary either from service to service or according to system conditions (e.g., power level, connectivity, bandwidth). For example, the group management used by the security service may differ from one used by the fault-tolerance service. In this context, this paper presents the design and implementation (TinyOS) of a group management middleware service that may be dynamically reconfigurable. In order to illustrate how the proposed service is adopted, we present the implementation of an object tracking service that needs the reconfigurable management group.
An Efficient MPI-IO for Noncontiguous Data Access over InfiniBand
Authors: Ding-Yong Hong, Ching-Wen You, Yeh-Ching Chung
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms and Networks (2005)

Noncontiguous data access is a very common access pattern in many scientific applications. Using POSIX I/O to access many pieces of noncontiguous data segments will generate a lot of I/O requests that cause the I/O system perform poorly. Tow-phase I/O, also called collective I/O, applied by MPI-IO provides a good method to optimize noncontiguous I/O operations. However, this method requires many data segments being redistributed. This redistribution needs some information been calculated in advance and lots of data segments are transmitted via network more than once. With I/O-intensive applications, the aggregate size of these data segments being redistributed becomes significant large. This additional overhead will degrade the system performance. In this thesis, we extend the collective I/O method and propose a new I/O scheme to avoid retransmission of data segments by applying RDMA gather/scatter operations supported by InfiniBand hardware. We also extend the "view" and "datatype" concepts of MPI into the file system to help complete our design. The experiments show that the method we design improves the performance and is more efficient than the collective I/O approach.
Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) - A Proposed Approach for Military Application
Authors: Victor Tay
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

No type of game has altered the PC gaming landscape more than Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG), where thousands to hundreds of thousands of players are connected simultaneously in a game cyberworld via the Internet, to participate and share in an online experience. As of today, there are more than 50 MMOGs online (and hundreds in development and beta testing [1]), with an estimated total of five million active subscribers to the more popular game titles [2]. This paper analyses MMOG in detail and discusses whether the MMOG phenomenon can be leveraged for possible and suitable military applications.
Compressed pattern matching for text and images
Authors: Tao Tao
Venue:  (2005)

In this dissertation, we have studied compressed pattern matching problem for both text and images. We present a series of novel compressed pattern matching algorithms, which are divided into two major parts. The first major work is done for the popular LZW compression algorithm. The second major work is done for the current lossless image compression standard JPEG-LS. Specifically, our contributions from the first major work are: (1) We have developed an &ldquo;almost-optimal&rdquo; compressed pattern matching algorithm that reports all pattern occurrences. An earlier &ldquo;almost-optimal&rdquo; algorithm reported in the literature is only capable of detecting the first occurrence of the pattern and the practical performance of the algorithm is not clear. We have implemented our algorithm and provide extensive experimental results measuring the speed of our algorithm. We also developed a faster implementation for so-called &ldquo;simple patterns&rdquo;. The simple patterns are patterns that no unique symbol appears more than once. (2) We have developed a novel compressed pattern matching algorithm for multiple patterns using the Aho-Corasick algorithm. The algorithm takes O(mt + n + r) time with O(mt) extra space, where n is the size of the compressed file, m is the total size of all patterns, t is the size of the LZW trie and r is the number of occurrences of the patterns. All the above algorithms have been implemented and extensive experiments have been conducted to test the performance of our algorithms and to compare with the best existing algorithms. The experimental results show that our compressed pattern matching algorithm for multiple patterns is competitive among the best algorithms and is practically the fastest among all approaches when the number of patterns is not very large. Therefore, our algorithm is preferable for general string matching applications. LZW is one of the most efficient and popular compression algorithms used extensively and both of our algorithms require no modification on the compression algorithm. Our work, therefore, has great economical and market potential.Our contributions from the second major work are: (1) We have developed a new global context variation of the JPEG-LS compression algorithm and the corresponding compressed pattern matching algorithm. Comparing to the original JPEG-LS, the global context variation is search-aware and has faster encoding and decoding speeds. (2) We have developed a two-pass variation of the JPEG-LS algorithm and the corresponding compressed pattern matching algorithm. The two-pass variation achieves search-awareness through a common compression technique called semi static dictionary. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Countering DoS attacks with stateless multipath overlays
Authors: Angelos Stavrou, Angelos D. Keromytis
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security (2005)

Indirection-based overlay networks (IONs) are a promising approach for countering distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Such mechanisms are based on the assumption that attackers will attack a fixed and bounded set of overlay nodes causing service disruption to a small fraction of the users. In addition, attackers cannot eaves-drop on links inside the network or otherwise gain information that can help them focus their attacks on overlay nodes that are critical for specific communication flows. We develop an analytical model and a new class of attacks that considers both simple and advanced adversaries. We show that the impact of these simple attacks on IONs can severely disrupt communications. We propose a stateless spread-spectrum paradigm to create per-packet path diversity between each pair of end-nodes using a modified ION access protocol. Our system protects end-to-end communications from DoS attacks without sacrificing strong client authentication or allowing an attacker with partial connectivity information to repeatedly disrupt communications. Through analysis, we show that an Akamai-sized overlay can withstand attacks involving over 1.3M "zombie" hosts while providing uninterrupted end-to-end connectivity. By using packet replication, the system can resist attacks that render up to 40% of the nodes inoperable. Surprisingly, our experiments on PlanetLab demonstrate that in many cases end-to-end latency decreases when packet replication is used, with a worst-case increase by a factor of 2.5. Similarly, our system imposes less than 15% performance degradation in the end-to-end throughput, even when subjected to a large DDoS attack.
RTnet: a distributed real-time protocol for broadcast-capable networks
Authors: Ferdy Hanssen, Pierre G. Jansen, Hans Scholten, Sape Mullender
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services (2005)

RTnet is a distributed real-time network protocol, to be used on fully-connected local area networks with a broadcast capability. It supports on-the-fly addition and removal of network nodes, resource-lavish and resourcelean devices, streaming real-time and regular non-realtime traffic. It allows the use of standard real-time scheduling paradigms to control network traffic, allows dynamic scheduling and is flexible in stream handling. The design is presented, together with measurement results of an experiment with an implementation on top of Ethernet.
Where security education is lacking
Authors: Venkat Pothamsetty
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Information security curriculum development (2005)

Security vulnerabilities have grown at a tremendous pace during the last decade. Security education and related courses in universities have caught up in the last few years. This paper aims to determine disparities, if any, between the security offerings of the academia and the needs of the computing industry. This paper also analyzes whether the academia and industry are in-fact headed in the right direction of mitigating the ever increasing security vulnerabilities.First, we look at the content and structure of the present security courses. Second, we analyze the needs of the industry, looking at the responsibilities and skill set required for various security related jobs.Third, we dig deep into the root causes of common security vulnerabilities, and analyze whether the content and structure of the security courses can help mitigate the security vulnerabilities.Finally, we present our conclusions about how security education has fared and derive recommendations on ways to improve security education curricula.
Performance/Watt: the new server focus
Authors: James Laudon
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (2005)

Transaction processing has emerged as the killer application for commercial servers. Most servers are engaged in transactional workloads such as processing search requests, serving middleware, evaluating decisions, managing databases, and powering online commerce. Currently, commercial servers are built from one or more high-performance superscalar processors. However, commercial server applications exhibit high cache miss rates, large memory footprints, and low instruction level parallelism (ILP), which leads to poor utilization on traditional ILP-focused superscalar processors [11]. In addition, these ILP-focused processors have been primarily optimized to deliver maximum performance by employing high clock rates and large amounts of speculation. As a result, we are now at the point where the performance/Watt of subsequent generations of traditional ILP-focused processors on server workloads has been flat [4] or even decreasing. The lack of increase in processor performance/Watt, coupled with the continued decrease in server hardware acquisition costs and likely increases in future power and cooling costs is leading to a situation where total cost of server ownership will soon be predominately determined by power [4]. In this paper, we argue that attacking thread-level parallelism (TLP) via a large number of simple cores on a chip multiprocessor (CMP) leads to much better performance/Watt for server workloads. As a case study, we compare Sun's TLP-oriented Niagara processor against the ILP-oriented dual-core Pentium Extreme Edition from Intel, showing that the Niagara processor has a significant performance/Watt advantage for throughput-oriented server applications.
Visualizing the Evolution ofWeb Services using Formal Concept Analysis
Authors: Lerina Aversano, Marcello Bruno, Massimiliano Di Penta, Amedeo Falanga, Rita Scognamiglio
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2005)

The service-oriented paradigm constitutes a promising technology that will allow many software systems to benefit of interesting mechanisms such as late binding and automatic discovery. From a service integrator's perspective, it is relevant to understand service evolution, to assess which could be its impact on his/her own system or, eventually, to change the bindings between the system and the services. Given the lack of source code availability, this task is, however, limited to understand how service interfaces evolve. We propose an approach, based on Formal Concept Analysis, to understand how relationships between sets of services change across service evolution. The concept lattice is able to highlight hierarchy relationships and, in general, to identify commonalities and differences between services. Examples built upon real sets of services show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Multimodal IMS Services: The Adaptive Keyword Spotting Interaction Paradigm
Authors: Dr. Sorin-Marian Georgescu, John Christopher
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services (2005)

The Adaptive Keyword Spotting Interaction (AKSI) paradigm presented in this paper is an algorithm for speech command selection in multimodal applications. An architecture implementing AKSI algorithm within IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services design framework is proposed. This architecture uses a SIP/Speech proxy (called Multimodal Enabler) to extract keywords from client applications downloaded to the Mobile Station, based on a set of interaction rules. Keywords are emphasized in the presentation, thus providing an indication on the words to use in speech commands. Synchronization of client application and Speech Interaction Manager is achieved by invoking a call-back method which triggers presentation's update according to current application context. For unrecognized speech commands, the Multimodal Enabler uses a TTS module to synthesize speech dialogues/prompts which either ask the user to select a command from a given set, and/or to repeat his command.
Multifacet's general execution-driven multiprocessor simulator (GEMS) toolset
Authors: Milo M. K. Martin, Daniel J. Sorin, Bradford M. Beckmann, Michael R. Marty, Min Xu, Alaa R. Alameldeen, Kevin E. Moore, Mark D. Hill, David A. Wood
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (2005)

The Wisconsin Multifacet Project has created a simulation toolset to characterize and evaluate the performance of multiprocessor hardware systems commonly used as database and web servers. We leverage an existing full-system functional simulation infrastructure (Simics [14]) as the basis around which to build a set of timing simulator modules for modeling the timing of the memory system and microprocessors. This simulator infrastructure enables us to run architectural experiments using a suite of scaled-down commercial workloads [3]. To enable other researchers to more easily perform such research, we have released these timing simulator modules as the Multifacet General Execution-driven Multiprocessor Simulator (GEMS) Toolset, release 1.0, under GNU GPL [9].
An improved event scanning mechanism for discrete state simulation
Authors: F. Paul Wyman
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1974)

Simulation models of large, complex, "real world" applications have occasionally earned the reputation of eating up hours of computer time. This problem may be attributed in part to difficulties such as slow stochastic convergence. However, an additional problem lies in the fact that a significant amount of bookkeeping time is required to keep future events in their proper sequence. This paper presents a method for significantly reducing the time spent scanning future events lists in discrete state simulations. Three models are presented, all of which improve in effectiveness as the events-list scan problem becomes more burdensome.
Looking Back at the Bell-La Padula Model
Authors: David Elliott Bell
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2005)

The Bell-La Padula security model produced conceptual tools for the analysis and design of secure computer systems. Together with its sibling engineering initiatives, it identified and elucidated security principles that endure today. This paper reviews those security principles, first in their own time, and then in the context of today's computer and network environment.
Studying Designers using a Tabletop System for 3D Design with a Focus on the Impact on Spatial Cognition
Authors: Mary Lou Maher, Mi Jeong Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems (2006)

Tabletop systems provide a platform for developing novel interaction systems, including tangible user interfaces (TUIs). This paper presents a study of the effects of a tabletop system with tangible user interfaces on designers' spatial cognition and design communication in collaborative design. In devising an experiment that can highlight the impact on spatial cognition while using TUIs, we compared designers using a tangible user interface (TUI) on a tabletop system to designers using a graphical user interface (GUI) on a typical desktop computer with mouse and keyboard. The designers were given a configuration design task in which they manipulated 3D objects to meet design specifications. Our preliminary findings are that designers using the tabletop system with TUIs reasoned about spatial relationships among 3D objects and discovered unexpected spatial relationships, while the designers using the traditional keyboard and mouse interfaces reasoned about individual 3D objects.
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Traceability in emerging forms of software engineering
Venue: Automated Software Engineering (2005)

Welcome to TEFSE, the 3rd international ACM workshop on Traceability of Emerging Forms of Software Engineering. TEFSE 2005 brings together researchers and practitioners to consider the challenges associated with generating and maintaining traceability for the many forms and faces of software engineering. We expect the presentations and discussions in this workshop to facilitate the definition of challenges, ideas, and approaches for the traceability researcher and practitioner.This year the TEFSE 2005 is co-located with the 20th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) 2005 in Long Beach, California. We greatly appreciated the organizational and logistical support provided to us by the ASE 2005 organizing committee.TEFSE was established in 2002. In this third offering, we have attracted participants from around the world. We were pleased to have received 14 submissions from five countries. Of these, 13 were selected for publication and presentation in the workshop. The high acceptance level represents the quality of the submitted papers rather than the need to accept this number of papers. Each paper was reviewed by at least three members of the program committee. We greatly appreciated the efforts the program committee members put forth on reviewing and supporting this event. Additionally, this year the published proceedings are available through the ACM Digital Library.Papers have been arranged into sessions relating to the "order of tracing" (i.e., pre-tracing concerns, tracing concerns, and post-tracing concerns) in order to spur discussion of key concepts. Researchers are encouraged to bring their laptops to demonstrate their work/tool to others on the breaks and after the workshop. We hope this provides the interested parties the opportunity to learn more details about other work in the field.
A Problem of Pattern Recognition in Arrays of Interrelated Objects. Recognition Algorithm
Authors: S. D. Dvoenko, A. V. Kopylov, V. V. Mottl
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2005)

The classical methods of pattern recognition theory presuppose the independence of elements of a recognizable set. Therefore, even in the case of interrelated objects, the decision on the class of each object is taken independent of the decision on the classes of other objects. At the same time, it is obvious that in this case it is necessary to make consistent decisions on the classes of elements of the interrelated array. In particular, this necessity stems from the prior supposition that neighboring objects of the interrelated array more often belong to one class than to different classes. In many practical problems, such a prior supposition proves to be very natural, enabling one to develop effective recognition algorithms.
A 3D Visualization System for Hurricane Storm-Surge Flooding
Authors: Keqi Zhang, Shu-Ching Chen, Peter Singh, Khalid Saleem, Na Zhao
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2006)

A prototype 3D visualization and animation system for storm-surge flooding includes three major components: a 3D synthetic visualization environment representing terrain, buildings, roads, vegetation, and the sea; a module for animating surge flooding and waves; and a high-resolution storm-surge model to serve as an engine to drive the animation of flooding . The storm-surge model used in this study is an improvement of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Slosh model, which enables us to refine the spatial resolution of surge modeling from the kilometer to the hundred-meter scale.
Are two talking heads better than one?: when should use more than one agent in e-learning?
Authors: Hua Wang, Mark Chignell, Mitsuru Ishizuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2006)

Recent interest in the use of software character agents raises the issue of how many agents should be used in online learning. In this paper we review evidence concerning the relative effectiveness of multi-agent systems and introduce a multiple agent system that we have developed for online instruction. A user test is carried out that compares one and two agent versions of the learning system. The results are interpreted in terms of their implications for selecting when and how more than one agent should be used in online learning. We conclude with some recommendations on when multiple agents may help online learners to interact with the learning environment more easily and efficiently.