ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A File-Centric Model for Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems
Authors: Li Zou, Mostafa H. Ammar
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (2003)

Peer-to-peer systems have quickly become a popular way for file sharing and distribution. In this paper, we focus on the subsystem consisting of peers and their actions relative to a specific file and develop a simple theoretical file-centric model for the subsystem. We begin with a detailed model that tracks the complete system state. To deal with the large system state space, we investigate a decomposed model, which not only greatly reduces the complexity of solving the system, but also provides a flexible framework for modeling multiple classes of peers and new system features. Using the model, we can study performance measures of a system, such as throughput, success probability of a file search, and number of file replicas in the system. Our model can also be used to understand the impact of user behavior and new system features. As examples, we investigate the effect of freeloaders, holding-enabled downloading and decoys in the paper.
Review of &#x0022;What is web design?&#x0022; by Nico Macdonald, Rotovision, August 2003
Venue: Ubiquity (2004)

A compilation of issues, process and practice in design for connected interactive experiences.
Automatic generation of software components for real options modelling
Authors: A. Chortaras, Y. Guo, M. M. Ghanem, F. O. Bunnin
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Computational methods in sciences and engineering (2003)

We describe the design and implementation of a software system that, from high level specification documents, generates source code for the numerical valuation of real options. The documents allow the description of both the flexibility present in investment projects and the dynamics of the underlying stochastic variables, independently of any valuation method-specific details. By applying symbolic transformations to the specifications the system generates efficient and reusable software components, which are combined with software components that implement numerical methods in order for the final real option valuation code to be generated.
Twist Based Acquisition and Tracking of Animal and Human Kinematics
Authors: Christoph Bregler, Jitendra Malik, Katherine Pullen
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision (2004)

This paper demonstrates a new visual motion estimation technique that is able to recover high degree-of-freedom articulated human body configurations in complex video sequences. We introduce the use and integration of a mathematical technique, the product of exponential maps and twist motions, into a differential motion estimation. This results in solving simple linear systems, and enables us to recover robustly the kinematic degrees-of-freedom in noise and complex self occluded configurations. A new factorization technique lets us also recover the kinematic chain model itself. We are able to track several human walk cycles, several wallaby hop cycles, and two walk cycels of the famous movements of Eadweard Muybridge's motion studies from the last century. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computer vision based system that is able to process such challenging footage.
Convex Matroid Optimization
Authors: Shmuel Onn
Venue: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (2004)

We consider a problem of maximizing convex functionals over matroid bases. It is richly expressive and captures certain quadratic assignment and clustering problems. While generally intractable, we show that it is efficiently solvable when a suitable parameter is restricted.
3DSDM: A 3 Data-Source Diagnostic Method
Authors: Y. Hariri, C. Thibeault
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

The goal of this paper is to present a diagnosis method for bridging faults combining three different data sources: IBDDQB measurements, logical behavior and layout parasitic capacitances. The resulting hybrid method constitutes a significant improvement over an existing one based onIBDDQB probabilistic signatures. Combining these data contributes to reduce the number of potential fault sites to consider in the diagnosis process, and therefore accelerate this process. Simulation results show that the number of potential bridging fault sites is reduced from 0.5N(N-1) to less than N, where N is the number of nodes in the circuit under test.
Event analyzer: a tool for sequential data processing
Authors: Lilian Harada, Yuuji Hotta, Naoki Akaboshi, Kazumi Kubota, Tadashi Ohmori, Riichiro Take
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information and knowledge management (2003)

In this paper we present a tool called Event Analyzer that processes events that compose a sequence. We present the data model in which Event Analyzer is based, as well as its query language that allows the expression of complex patterns to be searched over the sequence of events. The Event Analyzer has been developed and it now integrates the Fujitsu Symfoware e-Business Intelligence Suite Premium.
LinguaNet: Embedded MT in a Cross-Border Messaging Systemfor European Law Enforcement
Authors: Inge Gorm Hansen, Henrik Selsøe Sørensen
Venue: Machine Translation (2002)

Globalisation of crime poses a serious threat to the international community and is a matter of growing concern to law enforcement agencies all over the world. In the combat against international and organized crime, the European Union (EU) has supported a number of research and development projects within the domain of law enforcement focusing on cross-border communication, information extraction and data analysis in a multilingual context as well as terminology and knowledge management. LinguaNet is a case in point and the only project involving a multilingual messaging system. A high level of user involvement was a prominent feature of the project and the resulting software &ndash; the LinguaNet system &ndash; has gained widespread recognition and usage. The paper gives an overview of the LinguaNet approach as a whole emphasising the temporary experimental embedding of fully automatic MT in a multilingual messaging system. The system is intended for use by professionals with no background in linguistics but in great need of fast and robust communication. One of the conclusions drawn from this experiment is that authoring errors proved to be much more counter-productive than insufficiencies of MT. Another conclusion is that it is preferable to leave it to the recipient of a message to request a machine translation rather than providing it automatically up front. In more general terms, the police liked the approach and reported the need for more message type templates and MT facilities. Finally, the project lead to the formation of a European LinguaNet user group network.
Analysis of learner performance on a tutoring system for Java
Authors: Henry H. Emurian, Jingli Wang, Ashley G. Durham
Venue: Current issues in IT education (2003)

This chapter presents a teaching methodology, programmed instruction, that provides a series of interactive and cumulative learning experiences that teach a student how to understand and write a simple Java Applet. Fine-grain performance records of three students' interactions with the tutoring system show the individual patterns of skill acquisition and retention over five successive observational occasions. The tutoring system is also used as the first technical exercise in a course entitled "Graphical User Interface Systems Using Java." Performance and self-reported ratings of programming confidence by 17 graduate students show the benefit of programmed instruction to generate a history of competency and confidence in all students. The positive initial experience prepares and motivates information systems students for the presentation and mastery of advanced programming techniques.
IP-in-IP tunneling to enable the simultaneous use of multiple IP interfaces for network level connection striping
Authors: Dhananjay S. Phatak, Tom Goff, Jim Plusquellic
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2003)

With ubiquitous computing and network access now a reality, multiple network conduits are become widely available to mobile as well as static hosts: for instance wired connections, 802.11 style wireless LANs, Bluetooth, and cellular phone modems. Selection of the preferred mode of data transfer is a dynamic optimization problem which depends on the type of application, its bandwidth/latency/jitter requirements, current network conditions (such as congestion or traffic patterns), cost, power consumption, battery life, and so on. Furthermore, since wireless bandwidth is likely to remain a scarce resource, we foresee scenarios wherein mobile hosts will require simultaneous data transfer across multiple IP interfaces to obtain higher overall bandwidth.We present a brief overview of existing work which enables the simultaneous use of multiple network interfaces and identify the applicability as well as strengths and weaknesses of these related approaches. We then propose a new mechanism to aggregate the bandwidth of multiple IP paths by splitting a data flow across multiple network interfaces at the IP level. We have analyzed the performance characteristics of our aggregation scheme and demonstrate significant gains when the network paths being aggregated have similar bandwidth and latency characteristics. In addition, our method is transparent to transport (TCP/UDP) and higher layers, and allows the use of multiple network interfaces to enhance reliability. Our analysis identifies the conditions under which the proposed scheme, or any other scheme that stripes a single TCP connection across multiple IP paths, can be used to increase throughput.
Using organisational safeguards to make justifiable privacy decisions when processing personal data
Authors: Martin S. Olivier
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology (2003)

Privacy-enhancing technologies can be used to enhance the privacy of individuals who interact with information processing systems. This paper considers such technologies that can be used by the organisation to safeguard personal information it processes. The paper focuses on how access control could be used to protect the individual against misuse of personal data inside the organisation. More specifically the paper considers how such a privacy-enhancing technology can make a just choice when deciding whether an access request to personal data should be allowed or not.Access control decisions in this paper are based on the regulations that govern the interaction, the organisational policies that apply and the individual's privacy preferences.The proposed model forms part of the organisational safeguards layer of the Layered Privacy Architecture (LaPA) proposed earlier.
Parsing expression grammars: a recognition-based syntactic foundation
Authors: Bryan Ford
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2004)

For decades we have been using Chomsky's generative system of grammars, particularly context-free grammars (CFGs) and regular expressions (REs), to express the syntax of programming languages and protocols. The power of generative grammars to express ambiguity is crucial to their original purpose of modelling natural languages, but this very power makes it unnecessarily difficult both to express and to parse machine-oriented languages using CFGs. Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs) provide an alternative, recognition-based formal foundation for describing machine-oriented syntax, which solves the ambiguity problem by not introducing ambiguity in the first place. Where CFGs express nondeterministic choice between alternatives, PEGs instead use prioritized choice. PEGs address frequently felt expressiveness limitations of CFGs and REs, simplifying syntax definitions and making it unnecessary to separate their lexical and hierarchical components. A linear-time parser can be built for any PEG, avoiding both the complexity and fickleness of LR parsers and the inefficiency of generalized CFG parsing. While PEGs provide a rich set of operators for constructing grammars, they are reducible to two minimal recognition schemas developed around 1970, TS/TDPL and gTS/GTDPL, which are here proven equivalent in effective recognition power.
Teaching algorithm efficiency in a CS1 course SBTa different approach
Authors: Judith Gal-Ezer, Tamar Vilner, Ela Zur
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

Having found that algorithm efficiency is difficult for students to grasp, we advocate a different didactic approach in the introductory CS course (CS1). By exposing students to a number of possible solutions to the same problems, students internalize the concept of a more efficient algorithm.
An Analysis of Cache Performance of Multimedia Applications
Authors: Zhiyong Xu, Sohum Sohoni, Rui Min, Yiming Hu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2004)

Abstract--Multimedia applications are fast becoming one of the dominating workloads for modern computer systems. Since these applications normally have large data sets and seem to have little data-reuse, a commonly held belief is that they have poor memory behavior compared to traditional programs and that current cache architectures cannot handle them well. It is therefore important to quantitatively characterize the memory behavior of these applications in order to provide insights for future design and research of memory systems. However, very few results on this topic have been published. This paper analyzes the cache behavior of a group of representative multimedia applications. These programs include a subset of the popular MediaBench suite and several large multimedia programs running on the Linux, Windows 98, and TruUnix operating systems. We performed extensive measurement and trace-driven simulation experiments. We then compared the memory utilization of these programs to that of the SPEC2000 applications. We found that multimedia applications actually have better cache behavior than SPEC2000 programs. The following three factors contribute to the high cache hit rates of multimedia applications: First, most multimedia applications apply block-partitioning algorithms to the input data and work on small blocks of data that easily fit in the cache. Second, within these blocks, there is significant data reuse as well as spatial locality. Third, a large number of references generated by multimedia applications are to their internal data structures, which are relatively small and can easily fit in reasonably sized caches.
Open Audio/Video Links as Means for Coordination -- Two Case Studies
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 1 - Volume 1 (2004)

From the multitude of workplace studies that we have seen during the last decades, it has been shown that a common environment to a large extent supports coordination of work. The use of common artifacts and awareness of the co-workers activities effortlessly afford communication of the current state of work. Inevitably, a question arises: how can we get similar support for distributed groups? One idea has been to use a continuously open video and/or audio link, i.e. a media space, to support the informal coordination possibilities that are lacking in a distributed setting. In this paper, two cases from air traffic control are presented, where the long-term use of video and audio links plays an important role for communicating real-time updates of the state of work. The possibility to overhear and oversee what the colleagues are doing in remote positions reduces to a large extent the amount of obtrusive and time-consuming phone calls. The features and the successful use of these so-calledfocused media spaces are discussed in this paper.
Understanding patients: participatory approaches for the user evaluation of vital data presentation
Authors: Karl A. Stroetmann, Michael Pieper, Veli N. Stroetmann
Venue: Issue 73-74 (June-September 2002) (2002)

The objective of our research was to undertake first steps to analyse patient access to their electronic health records (EHR) as a crucial universal access issue: Why is patient involvement becoming a key issue, what approaches are available to learn more about patient attitudes and needs, which concrete outcomes can be obtained from such research? The paper outlines a reference scenario for tele home monitoring of chronically ill patients including measurement devices and system environment, provides an assessment of selected participatory approaches like questionnaires, interviews and group discussions, and reports about universal access design issues from a patient perspective. Concrete conclusions concerning access devices and presentation of EHR contents are developed. To allow all citizens equality in access, to benefit from advances in eHealth and to avoid a "Medical Divide", creativity, innovations and support are needed to progress towards a true Information Society for all also in the health arena.
Investment, Capital Structure, and Complementarities Between Debt and New Equity
Authors: Rune Stenbacka, Mihkel Tombak
Venue: Management Science (2002)

We study simultaneous investment and financing decisions made by incumbent owners in the presence of capital market imperfections. We present a theory for how the optimal combination of debt and equity financing depends on the firm's internal funds. We identify complementarities between the two financial instruments. We test these predictions empirically with panel data on 3,119 corporations in the COMPUSTAT database. Our estimates using instrumental variable techniques support our theoretical predictions regarding the link between internal funds and capital investments, as well as the interaction effects between debt and new equity. We explore implications for managers, financiers, and policy makers.
Generalizations and Accelerations of Lions' Nonoverlapping Domain Decomposition Method for Linear Elliptic PDE
Authors: W. Guo, L. S. Hou
Venue: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (2003)

In this paper, a one-parameter generalization of Lions' nonoverlapping domain decomposition method for linear elliptic PDEs is proposed and studied. The generalized methods are shown to be descent-direction methods for minimizing an interface bias functional. Iteration convergence of both the continuous and finite element versions of the proposed methods is established. It is theoretically and numerically demonstrated that for generic choices of the parameter the generalized methods converge faster than Lions' original method. Algorithms are given and numerical results are presented.
A service-oriented monitoring registry
Authors: Bahman Kalali, Paulo Alencar, Don Cowan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2003)

Web services are software modules that expose their functionality over the Internet via well-defined interfaces. Although Web services are promising technologies in that they facilitate application-to-application communication over the Internet, they still rely on traditional distributed computing communication models such as the remote procedure call, in which a Web service requestor needs to have complete knowledge of a Web service provider interface. If a Web service requestor did not use the latest version of a Web service provider interface to generate a proxy service, then static binding to the Web service provider's services fails. In this paper, we provide functional requirements for a Service-Oriented Monitoring Registry (SOMR) that provides notification to service requestors when a version of an interface changes or a service becomes disabled. In order to present a more complete picture of SOMR we include four architectural views covering (i) the over-all system, (ii) its four tiers and their interconnection, (iii) details of the service tier and (iv) its deployment onto executable environments. SOMR provides public Web service registries that can be used by Web service providers, developers, and consumers to register their profiles so that whenever any change happens to Web service interfaces they are notified about these changes and can respond accordingly. In contrast with current static solutions, the proposed system provide a significant step toward achieving solutions that are consistent with the dynamic nature and evolution of Web services.
Application of Genetic Algorithms for the Design of Large-Scale Reverse Logistic Networks in Europe's Automotive Industry
Authors: Ralf Schleiffer, Jens Wollenweber, Hans-Juergen Sebastian, Florian Golm, Natasha Kapoustina
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 3 - Volume 3 (2004)

After providing a brief overview on Europe's legislative situation with regard to the demandedrecovering and recycling of end-of-life vehicles the paper characterizes the specifications of a modeling approach describing the design of a recycling network including a large variety of different cooperating actors set at diverse positions on a reverse supply-chain. It advances with a discussion of requirements a suitable optimization approach needs to fulfill. Then it proceeds by addressing the optimization approach that has been chosen and it concludes by providing results for an ideal network design.
Scalable PKI Model Based on Location Information
Authors: Yi Wang, Dawu Gu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing (2003)

When introducing public key infrastructure (PKI) in mobile telecommunication systems, one of the challenges is to span different PKI domains to establish certificate chain efficiently, and still keep the autonomy in local areas. The PKI model proposed in this paper improves the traditional PKI's performance on above aspect.
Management Information Systems, Knowledge Production and Legitimacy in Health Care
Authors: Kåre Lines
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 6 - Volume 6 (2004)

This paper investigates the dynamics of legitimacy in relation to IT based production of knowledge within a context of strategic change. Applying a resource-based view on strategy we analyse the development and use of an MIS in a local health care organization in Norway.Although the resource-based view on strategy is highly relevant in analyzing strategic use of IT in health care, it should be complemented with theories that deal with the context morespecifically. We argue that due to the contradictory logics, interests and values at work in such an organizational context, the dynamics of legitimacy are of crucial importance for the construction of MIS and the possibility for using it effectively. The case analysis demonstrates that through the process of MIS development its structure and functionality reflects the interests and values legitimately at work in the field. However, the analysis also demonstrates that the MIS is biased towards an administrative logic, which indicates that the extensions of the system and the compromises made are only partial. The paper concludes that strategic use of IT within such a context should face the problem of politics, but this is highly problematic because of the apparently apolitical nature of new public management reforms.