ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Dissipative particle swarm optimization
Authors: Xiao-Feng Xie, Wen-Jun Zhang, Zhi-Lian Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02 (2002)

A dissipative particle swarm optimization is developed according to the self-organization of dissipative structure. The negative entropy is introduced to construct an opening dissipative system that is far-from-equilibrium so as to driving the irreversible evolution process with better fitness. The testing of two multimodal functions indicates it improves the performance effectively.
Integrating professional and cultural concepts into an engineering course
Authors: J. P. Uyemura
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 vol 1. - Volume 01 (1995)

This paper discusses a new paradigm for broadening the student perspective in engineering. A graduate level course in VLSI (very large scale integration) systems design has been taught in a manner that introduces students to both professional and cultural aspects of the engineering world. A Japanese corporate environment is used as the structural model. Students are called employees, given business cards and titles, and equal starting salaries. Design assignments, project reports, and evaluations (exams) determine any increase (or decrease) in individual salaries. The final grade is determined by the final salary each person has attained. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Real Time Viterbi Optimization of Hidden Markov Models for Multi Target Tracking
Authors: Hakan Ardo, Kalle Astrom, Rikard Berthilsson
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (2007)

In this paper the problem of tracking multiple objects in im- age sequences is studied. A Hidden Markov Model describ- ing the movements of multiple objects is presented. Previ- ously similar models have been used, but in real time sys- tem the standard dynamic programming Viterbi algorithm is typically not used to find the global optimum state se- quence, as it requires that all past and future observations are available. In this paper we present an extension to the Viterbi algorithm that allows it to operate on infinite time sequences and produce the optimum with only a finite de- lay. This makes it possible to use the Viterbi algorithm in real time applications. Also, to handle the large state spaces of these models another extension is proposed. The global optimum is found by iteratively running an approximative algorithm with higher and higher precision. The algorithm can determine when the global optimum is found by main- taining an upper bound on all state sequences not evalu- ated. For real time performance some approximations are needed and two such approximations are suggested. The theory has been tested on three real data experiments, all with promising results.
Developments in continuous speech dictation using the 1995 ARPA NAB news task
Authors: J. L. Gauvain
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

We report on the LIMSI recognizer evaluated in the ARPA 1995 North American Business (NAB) news benchmark test. In contrast to previous evaluations, the new Hub 3 test aims at improving basic SI, CSR performance on unlimited-vocabulary read speech recorded under more varied acoustical conditions (background environmental noise and unknown microphones). The LIMSI recognizer is an HMM-based system with a Gaussian mixture. Decoding is carried out in multiple forward acoustic passes, where more refined acoustic and language models are used in successive passes and information is transmitted via word graphs. In order to deal with the varied acoustic conditions, channel compensation is performed iteratively, refining the noise estimates before the first three decoding passes. The final decoding pass is carried out with speaker-adapted models obtained via unsupervised adaptation using the MLLR method. On the Sennheiser microphone (average SNR 29 dB) a word error of 9.1% was obtained, which can be compared to 17.5% on the secondary microphone data (average SNR 15 dB) using the same recognition system.
Using an innovative SoC-level FMEA methodology to design in compliance with IEC61508
Authors: Riccardo Mariani, Gabriele Boschi, Federico Colucci
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

This paper proposes an innovative methodology to perform and validate a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) at System-on-Chip (SoC) level. This is done in compliance with the IEC 61508, an international norm for the functional safety of electronic safety-related systems, of which an overview is given in the paper. The methodology is based on a theory to decompose a digital circuit in "sensible zones" and a tool that automatically extracts these sensible zones from the RTL description. It includes as well a spreadsheet to compute the metrics required by the IEC norm such Diagnostic Coverage and Safe Failure Fraction. The FMEA results are validated by using another tool suite including a fault injection environment. The paper explains how to take benefits of the information provided by such approach and as example it is described how the methodology has been applied to design memory sub-systems to be used in fault robust microcontrollers for automotive applications. This methodology has been approved by T&Uuml;V-S&Uuml;D as the flow to assess and validate the Safe Failure Fraction of a given SoC in adherence to IEC 61508
Improved skeleton extraction and surface generation for sketch-based modeling
Authors: Florian Levet, Xavier Granier
Venue: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007 (2007)

For the generation of freeform models, sketching interfaces have raised an increasing interest due to their intuitive approach. It is now possible to infer a 3D model directly from a sketched curved. Unfortunately, a limit of current systems is the poor quality of the skeleton automatically extracted from this silhouette, leading to low quality meshes for the resulting objects. In this paper, we present new solutions that improve the surface generation for sketch-based modeling systems. First, we propose a new algorithm that extracts a smoother skeleton compared to previous approaches. Then, we present a new sampling scheme for the creation of good-quality 3D mesh. Finally, we propose to use a profile curve composed of disconnected components in order to create models which genus is greater than 0.
An efficient code compression technique using application-aware bitmask and dictionary selection methods
Authors: Seok-Won Seong, Prabhat Mishra
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

Memory plays a crucial role in designing embedded systems. A larger memory can accommodate more and large applications but increases cost, area, as well as energy requirements. Code compression techniques address this problem by reducing the size of the applications. While early work on bitmask-based compression has proposed several promising ideas, many challenges remain in applying them to embedded system design. This paper makes two important contributions to address these challenges by developing application-specific bitmask selection and bitmask-aware dictionary selection techniques. We applied these techniques for code compression of TI and MediaBench applications to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Type-Based Compression of XML Data
Authors: Christopher League, Kenjone Eng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Data Compression Conference (2007)

The extensible markup language XML has become indispensable in many areas, but a significant disadvantage is its size: tagging a set of data increases the space needed to store it, the bandwidth needed to transmit it, and the time needed to parse it. We present a new compression technique based on the document type, expressed as a Relax NG schema. Assuming the sender and receiver agree in advance on the document type, conforming documents can be transmitted extremely compactly. On several data sets with high tag density this technique compresses better than other known XML-aware compressors, including those that consider the document type.
Efficient online detection of dynamic control dependence
Authors: Bin Xin, Xiangyu Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Software testing and analysis (2007)

Capturing dynamic control dependence is critical for many dynamic program analysis such as dynamic slicing, dynamic information flow, and data lineage computation. Existing algorithms are mostly a simple runtime translation of the static definition, which fails to capture certain dynamic properties by its nature, leading to inefficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel online detection technique for dynamic control dependence. The technique is based upon a new definition, which is equivalent to the existing one in the intraprocedural case but it enables an efficient detection algorithm. The new algorithm naturally and efficiently handles interprocedural dynamic control dependence even in presence of irregular control flow. Our evaluation shows that the detection algorithm slows down program execution by a factor of 2.57, which is 2.54 times faster than the existing algorithm that was used in prior work.
Observer Architecture of Program Visualization
Authors: Amruth Kumar, Stefan Kasabov
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

We propose Observer architecture for program visualization. The principles of Observer architecture are modular, model-driven visualization with one-directional coupling, hierarchical delegation, message-passing and archival by visualizers. The architecture is scalable. The resulting visualization can be distributed and modified independent of the model. The Observer architecture has been implemented in online tutors for programming called problets.
A Framework for Generating AV Content on-the-fly
Authors: Guido Rößling, Tobias Ackermann
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

Many computer science educators agree that the visualization or animation of dynamic systems, especially algorithms and data structures, should help students in learning about this central aspect of computer science. However, most educators do not use algorithm visualization and animation (AV) systems in their teaching. One central reason for this is the time needed to find or generate ''appropriate'' content [Naps, T. L., G. Roszling, V. Almstrum, W. Dann, R. Fleischer, C. Hundhausen, A. Korhonen, L. Malmi, M. McNally, S. Rodger and J. A. Velazquez-Iturbide, Exploring the Role of Visualization and Engagement in Computer Science Education, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 35 (2003), pp. 131-152]. This paper tries to remedy this by illustrating an easy to use and yet flexible framework for generating content on-the-fly - but tailored to the end user's preferences.
Meeting Washington state educational goals: University of Washington's ECSEL Design Too/sup TM/ workshop
Authors: R. L. Calalang
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

This paper is a report and discussion of the Design Too/sup TM/ workshop where K-12 educators engaged in a variety of design-based engineering projects. The intent of this workshop was to explore the role engineering design can play in meeting Washington's state-wide learning goals outlined in the Education Reform Act. We suggest engineering design is one method K-12 educators can employ to help students learn the skills to meet the state standards.
The Importance of Quality in Engineering Courseware Development
Authors: M. R. Ramirez
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1996)

A multimedia engineering education module on "valves and fittings" is presented. The module is arranged to present to the students several chapters in the form of hot buttons which are arranged in the introductory screen. Each button leads the viewer to the contents of that particular chapter. After a chapter is viewed, one returns to the introductory screen and can continue to the other chapters or exit from the lesson. This module demonstrates the level of courseware modules that can be created with off the shelf software products. Most effort involved in the development of courseware modules is in the generation of the appropriate media components. If a kiosk style presentation of the information is acceptable, then the courseware module can be easily assembled using a package such as Authorware. These module also demonstrates how the full range of media can be used to deliver important engineering concepts to students. Multimedia courseware that mirrors information presented in class provides the student with an effective median between self study and one-on-one access to the instructor.
HVLC: error correctable hybrid variable length code for image coding in wireless transmission
Authors: Yew-San Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

The variable length code (VLC), also called Huffman code, is the most popular data compression technique used for solving transmission channel bandwidth bottleneck in image compression standards such as JPEG, MPEG, and H263. But, it is vulnerable to loss of synchronization if they are transmitted consecutively through a noisy wireless channel. It will result in large reduction in video transmission quality. We propose a novel hybrid VLC (HVLC) coding scheme to provide high tolerances to random and burst errors in worsening channel conditions. It exhibits high synchronization, error correction capability and low redundancy. For erroneous HVLC bitstream, it is able to self-synchronize within one codeword. The result shows that it achieves high signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR=30 dB) compared to existing VLC schemes in a bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -3/ environment. With efficient memory mapping, HVLC requires low memory spaces and achieves high throughput rate. It is very suitable for VLSI implementation in a wireless application.
Multicasting in Meshes
Authors: Eric Fleury, Pierre Fraigniaud
Venue: Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 03 (1994)

This paper presents new multicasting algorithms for the mesh under the wormhole routing mode and using the read-and-route facility. These new algorithms perform generally faster than the algorithms previously described in the literature under the same model. We take, as criteria to compare the algorithms, the off-line computation time necessary to prepare the multicast, and the communication time to complete the multicast in absence of traffic. Moreover, since it is often not possible to derive useful expression for the communication time, we also simulate the algorithms.
Maximum circuit activity estimation using pseudo-boolean satisfiability
Authors: Hratch Mangassarian, Andreas Veneris, Sean Safarpour, Farid N. Najm, Magdy S. Abadir
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

Disproportionate instantaneous power dissipation may result in unexpected power supply voltage fluctuations and permanent circuit damage. Therefore, estimation of maximum instantaneous power is crucial for the reliability assessment of VLSI chips. Circuit activity and consequently power dissipation in CMOS circuits are highly input-pattern dependent, making the problem of maximum power estimation computationally hard. This work proposes a novel pseudo-boolean satisfiability based method that reports the exact input sequence maximizing circuit activity in combinational and sequential circuits. The method is also extended to take multiple gate transitions into account by integrating delay information into the pseudo-boolean optimization problem. An extensive suite of experiments on ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 circuits confirms the efficiency and robustness of the approach compared to simulation based techniques and encourages further research for low-power solutions using boolean satisfiability.
Oscillatory Neural Networks with Self-Organized Segmentation of Overlapping Patterns
Authors: Thomas Burwick
Venue: Neural Computation (2007)

Temporal coding is considered with an oscillatory network model that generalizes the Cohen-Grossberg-Hopfield model. It is assumed that the frequency of oscillating units increases with stronger and more coherent input. We refer to this mechanism as acceleration. In the context of Hebbian memory, synchronization and acceleration take complementary roles, and their combined effect on the storage of patterns is profound. Acceleration implies the desynchronization that is needed for self-organized segmention of two overlapping patterns. The superposition problem is thereby solved even without including competition couplings. With respect to brain dynamics, we point to analogies with oscillation spindles in the gamma range and responses to perceptual rivalries.
Communicability Testing For Voice Coders
Authors: E. W. Kreamer
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

Users of low data rate voice coders now demand good speaker recognition in addition to quality and intelligibility. Speaker recognizability was one of the selection criteria for the DoD Digital Voice Processor Consortium in selecting a new standard 2400 bps algorithm. We have developed a speaker recognition test based on same-different judgments for pairs of sentences spoken by 10 male and 10 female speakers. Preliminary experiments showed that the sensitivity of the test is similar to that of currently used acceptability and intelligibility tests. Male and female talkers produced somewhat different rank orderings, but averaging over males/females gave results that "make sense" when compared with intelligibility and acceptability scores for the same coders. The results of these experiments determined the speaker recognition test procedures that were used in the 2400 bps coder final selection process.
CEC'02 author index
Venue: Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02 (2002)

The following topics were discussed:Evolutionary computation and biology; multiobjective evolutionary algorithms; evolutionary computation theory; molecular and quantum computing; combinatorial and numerical optimization; graphics and image processing; genome informatics; evolutionary intelligent agents; artificial immune systems; evolutionary multicriteria optimization; real-world applications and search operators and selection. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Adaptive Misbehavior Detection in Wireless Sensors Network Based on Local Community Agreement
Authors: Ryszard Klempous, Jan Nikodem, Lukasz Radosz, Norbert Raus
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2007)

In this paper are discussed detecting misbehavior mechanisms in ad hoc wireless sensors' network. Term misbehavior is understood quite widely. A fake-positives, communication error, spreading false information are treated as sorts of misbehaviors. A cause of those phenomena is insignificant; it can be hardware failure, environment impact or purposeful hostile action. The main idea of this work is to propose efficient and simple algorithms capable to detect misbehaviors basing only on local community agreement. Additionally adaptive mechanism should provide isolation of faulty components. Using proposed mechanisms it is possible to reduce the disturbances, fake positives or invalid alarms in sensors fields.
Bee+Cl@k: an implementation of lattice-based array contraction in the source-to-source translator rose
Authors: Christophe Alias, Fabrice Baray, Alain Darte
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems (2007)

We build on prior work on intra-array memory reuse, for which a general theoretical framework was proposed based on lattice theory. Intra-array memory reuse is a way of reducing the size of a temporary array by folding, thanks to affine mappings and modulo operations, reusing memory locations when they contain a value not used later. We describe the algorithms needed to implement such a strategy. Our implementation has two parts. The first part, Bee, uses the source-to-source transformer ROSE to extract from the program all necessary information on the lifetime of array elements and to generate the code after memory reduction. The second part, Cl@k, is a stand-alone mathematical tool dedicated to optimizations on polyhedra, in particular the computation of successive minima and the computation of good admissible lattices, which are the basis for lattice-based memory reuse. Both tools are developed in C++ and use linear programming and polyhedra manipulations. They can be used either for embedded program optimizations, e.g., to limit memory expansion introduced for parallelization, or in high-level synthesis, e.g., to design memories between communicating hardware accelerators.
On the use of some divergence measures in speaker recognition
Authors: R. Vergin
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

The first motivation for using Gaussian mixture models for text-independent speaker identification is based on the observation that a linear combination of Gaussian basis functions is capable of representing a large class of sample distributions. While this technique gives generally good results, little is known about which specific part of a speech signal best identifies a speaker. This contribution suggests a procedure, based on the Jensen divergence measure, to automatically extract from the input speech signal the part that best contributes to identify a speaker. Experiments conducted using the Spidre database indicate a significant improvement in the performance of the speaker recognition system.
Relative Pose Calibration Between Visual and Inertial Sensors
Authors: Jorge Lobo, Jorge Dias
Venue: International Journal of Robotics Research (2007)

This paper proposes an approach to calibrate off-the-shelf cameras and inertial sensors to have a useful integrated system to be used in static and dynamic situations. When both sensors are integrated in a system their relative pose needs to be determined. The rotation between the camera and the inertial sensor can be estimated, concurrently with camera calibration, by having both sensors observe the vertical direction in several poses. The camera relies on a vertical chequered planar target and the inertial sensor on gravity to obtain a vertical reference. Depending on the setup and system motion, the translation between the two sensors can also be important. Using a simple passive turntable and static images, the translation can be estimated. The system needs to be placed in several poses and adjusted to turn about the inertial sensor centre, so that the lever arm to the camera can be determined. Simulation and real data results are presented to show the validity and simple requirements of the proposed methods.