ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of the IEEE 802.11
Authors: Peter P. Pham
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2005)

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have attracted significant research interest over the past few years. The IEEE 802.11 standard is the most mature technology for WLANs and has been widely adopted for wireless networks. This paper outlines a new performance analysis for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordinated Function (DCF) using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) in terms of the channel throughput, packet processing rate, packet loss probability and average packet delay using a perfect channel as well as a slow Rayleigh fading channel. The theoretical results are subsequently compared with the simulation results. It is shown that there is a good match between these two results, which validates the analytical model.
Markov Structure Random Sampler (MSRS) Algorithm from Unrestricted Discrete Graphic Markov Models
Authors: Elva Diaz Diaz, Eunice Esther Ponce de Leon Senti
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In this paper a new model random sampler algorithm, only based on the interaction structure of the model is presented. It means that the vector values of the parameters of the distribution are not needed to perform the sample generation. The algorithm is tested generating nine structure models of 10, 12, and 14 variables, and conditional independence restrictions with structures, sparse, mean and dense. Eight random samples are generated from each structure model, for a total of 72 random samples. To validate the results an external criterion is used. Every sample is given to the model selection algorithm implemented in MIM software, which obtains the structure of the departure model for 93% of the samples. In all cases the generation time of a sample was not greater than 4 minutes. The mean run time grows with the density of the models. The MSRS algorithm converges in at most 4 iterations.
Fast generators for the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol and malicious standards
Authors: Boaz Tsaban
Venue: Information Processing Letters (2006)

The Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol is based on taking large powers of a generator of a prime-order cyclic group. Some generators allow faster exponentiation. We show that to a large extent, using the fast generators is as secure as using a randomly chosen generator. On the other hand, we show that if there is some case in which fast generators are less secure, then this could be used by a malicious authority to generate a standard for the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol which has a hidden trapdoor.
Keynote Paper: Data Mining Researcher, Who is Your Customer? Some Issues Inspired by the Information Systems Field
Authors: Seppo Puuronen, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Alexey Tsymbal
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

Data mining as an applied research field is still causing great expectations among organizations which want to raise the utility they are getting from their huge databases and data warehouses. There exist too few success stories about organizations having managed to satisfy even some of those expectations. This situation is very similar to the one inside the information systems (IS) field, especially earlier but even currently. The recent lively debate about the identity of the IS discipline included also the analysis concerning the customers of IS research. Inspired by IS researchers' insights related to the topic, we ask the question "who is our customer?" as data mining researchers. With this we want to raise to discussion the border that limits the topics 'acceptable' to work with as a data mining researcher. We suggest in this paper that the border should be transferred more clearly towards the direction so that beside the technical concerns also at least some user- and organizationrelated research questions are included.
The Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Phonological Processing: An Investigation using rTMS
Authors: Philip Nixon, Jenia Lazarova, Iona Hodinott-hill, Patricia Gough, Richard Passingham
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a powerful new technique for investigating the distinct contributions of the cortical language areas. We have used this method to examine the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in phonological processing and verbal working memory. Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the posterior part of the left IFG in both phonological decision making and subvocal rehearsal mechanisms, but imaging is a correlational method and it is therefore necessary to determine whether this region is essential for such processes. In this paper we present the results of two experiments in which rTMS was applied over the frontal operculum while subjects performed a delayed phonological matching task. We compared the effects of disrupting this area either during the delay (memory) phase or at the response (decision) phase of the task. Delivered at a time when subjects were required to remember the sound of a visually presented word, rTMS impaired the accuracy with which they subsequently performed the task. However, when delivered later in the trial, as the subjects compared the remembered word with a given pseudoword, rTMS did not impair accuracy. Performance by the same subjects on a control task that required the processing of nonverbal visual stimuli was unaffected by the rTMS. Similarly, performance on both tasks was unaffected by rTMS delivered over a more anterior site (pars triangularis). We conclude that the opercular region of the IFG is necessary for the normal operation of phonologically based working memory mechanisms. Furthermore, this study shows that rTMS can shed further light on the precise role of cortical language areas in humans.
A Novel Approach to Workload Allocation of QoS-Constrained Workflow-Based Jobs in a Utility Grid
Authors: Yash Patel, John Darlington
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

The Grid can be seen as a collection of services each of which performs some functionality. Grid users often submit their applications in the form of workflows with certain Quality of Service (QoS) requirements imposed on the workflows. These workflows detail the composition of Grid services and the level of service required from the Grid. This paper addresses workload allocation techniques for Grid workflows. We model a Grid service as a G/G/1 queue and minimise failures (QoS requirement violation) of jobs by solving a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP). The novel approach is evaluated through an experimental simulation and the results confirm that the proposed workload allocation strategy performs considerably better in terms of satisfying QoS requirements of Grid workflows than scheduling algorithms that don't employ such workload allocation techniques.
Distributed Software Maintenance Using an Autonomic System Management Approach based on the Viable System Model
Authors: Ernil A. Stoyanov, Asa MacWilliams, Markus A. Wischy, Dieter Roller
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2006)

Most current software management solutions are missing a systematic and holistic approach for global system management, and apply only to specific system components. This limits the system k extensibility, and does not meet interoperability requirements from the growing heterogeneity of the operating environment. This paper discusses an alternative approach to common management of evolving distributed software, impired by the research in the field of open systems and cybernetic models. The approach involves adapting Stanford Beer's Yiable System Model (VSM) to fhe concrete needs of distributed sofware, supporting evolutionary integration of new functionality, while preserving system stability. We introduce meta-data bindings to existing information models as a basis for management of hierarchical and recursive sofware elements, and an architecture for composition of interacting components with verification of their capabilities during deployment and runtime. The architecture is designed to satisfy criteria of the Eable System Model and to assure conditions necessary for autonomic behavior.
A Perspective on Software Consumability
Authors: Carl Kessler
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2006)

Reliability questions are often directed at the core values of a software product that is at the features and functions. After all, the client imagines a to-be state where the software is running and the client achieves their business goals. So reliability concerns appropriately have mapped to the question: can the client reasonably achieve those goals through this software? This line of investigation is not, however, the only critical path constraint on client success.
Service Search Strategy Based on Graph in Grid Environment
Authors: Zilin Song, Weihua Ai, Yi Wang, Liang Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge, and Grid (2006)

Service discovery is a key concept in a distributed Grid environment. The first step towards Grid implement is the discovery of services. In this paper, we build a new Grid service matching graph based on the semantic similarity of function parameters and then an efficient search algorithm is presented to accomplish Grid service discovery. The experiment results show the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good recall and precision.
Models of Functional Organization of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence in Favor of the Process Model
Authors: Laura H. F. Barde
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

Research on the functional organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in working memory continues to be fairly equivocal between two major frameworks: organization-by-process or organization-by-material. Although there is fairly strong evidence for organization-by-process models from event-related fMRI studies, some investigators argue that the nature of the stimulus material better defines the functional organization of the lateral PFC, particularly in more ventral regions (BA 47/45/44). Specifically, the anterior region of the ventrolateral PFC (BA 47/45) is hypothesized to subserve semantic processing while the posterior region (BA 44) may subserve phonological processing. In the current event-related fMRI study, we directly compared process-related versus material-related organizational principles in a verbal working memory task. Subjects performed a modified delayed response task in which they (1) retained a list of five words or five nonwords during the delay period ("maintenance"), or (2) performed a semantic (size reordering) or phonological (alphabetical reordering) task on the word or nonword lists, respectively ("manipulation"). We did not find evidence during the delay period of our task to support claims of anterior&ndash;posterior specializations in the ventrolateral PFC for semantic versus phonological processing. Subjects did, however, display greater neuronal activity during the delay period of manipulation trials than maintenance trials in both the dorsolateral PFC and posterior ventrolateral regions. These data are more consistent with the process model of the organization of lateral PFC in verbal working memory.
Social influence on technology acceptance behavior: self-identity theory perspective
Authors: Younghwa Lee, Jintae Lee, Zoonky Lee
Venue: ACM SIGMIS Database (2006)

Social influence on technology acceptance behavior has been acknowledged but needs to be further articulated. While Subjective Norm (SN) has been dominantly used to capture the essence of social influence, the findings to date has led some researchers to question whether it captures the full extent of social influence. Recently, social psychologists have examined Self-Identity as a construct reflecting social influence on behavior. In particular, Self-Identity has been shown to have significant influence on voluntary behavior and have enduring effects, situations where the Subjective Norm had little effect. This study examines the effect of Self-Identity on technology acceptance decision in the context of a web-based class support system under the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The result demonstrates a significant direct and indirect effect of Self-Identity on technology acceptance. The result also confirms that Self-Identity has significant direct effect on the acceptance in voluntary and experienced situations, while Subjective Norm has no significant effect in both situations. Key implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Camouflage Defect Identification: A Novel Approach
Authors: Nagappa U. Bhajantri, P Nagabhushan
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology (2006)

Camouflaging is an attempt to obscure the signature of a target and sublimate the target in its background frame in terms of co-occurrence matrix texture properties. The objective of this research work is to detect such camouflaged defect. Since the texture similarity between the background and the defect is the premise for accomplishing camouflage, an intensive texture analysis should be able to discriminate defect from its background. In the proposed work we intended to employ Co-occurrence matrix based texture features are computed within the block, a small region of the image. Finally defective portions are detected by cluster analysis and identified through Watershed segmentation. Several experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model to spot camouflaged defects. Experimentation on the synthetic and real images corroborates the potential of the method.
Haskell' status report
Authors: Isaac Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell (2006)

The Haskell programming language is more-or-less divided into two "branches". The Haskell 98 standard is the "stable" branch of the language, and that has been a big success. A lot of progress has been made over the last few years in the "research" branch of the Haskell language. It is constantly advancing, and we feel that it is time for a new standard which reflects those advancements. This talk is a status report from the Haskell' committee to the Haskell community.
Test resource partitioning based on efficient response compaction for test time and tester channels reduction
Authors: Yin-He Han, Xiao-Wei Li, Hua-Wei Li, Anshuman Chandra
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2005)

This paper presents a test resource partitioning technique based on an efficient response compaction design called quotient compactor(q-Compactor). Because q-Compactor is a single-output compactor, high compaction ratios can be obtained even for chips with a small number of outputs. Some theorems for the design of q-Compactor are presented to achieve full diagnostic ability, minimize error cancellation and handle unknown bits in the outputs of the circuit under test (CUT). The q-Compactor can also be moved to the load-board, so as to compact the output response of the CUT even during functional testing. Therefore, the number of tester channels required to test the chip is significantly reduced. The experimental results on the ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits and an MPEG 2 decoder SoC show that the proposed compaction scheme is very efficient.
ESTA: An Efficient Method for Reliability Enhancement of RT-Level Designs
Authors: Naghmeh Karimi, Shahrzad Mirkhani, Zainalabedin Navabi
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Asian Test Symposium (2006)

This paper proposes a novel and efficient method for RT Level online testing. Our method makes every RTLevel resource online-testable, and guarantees high single stuck-at fault detection (i.e., high reliability) with low area/latency overhead. This method uses available resources in their dead intervals (the intervals during which a resource is not being used) to test active resources. The area and/or latency overhead are due to concurrent operation of active and inactive resources. This method is evaluated by fault simulating several benchmark designs before and after applying the proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that after applying our method, online fault coverage is significantly improved.
A Formal Study on the Transitivity of the Part-Whole Relations
Authors: Lian Li, Ma Jun, Song Ling
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Transitivity is an important property used in logical reasoning. However, Part-Whole (PW) relations usually do not satisfy the property. Wiston and Odell partitioned PW relations into six sub-PW relations respectively, such that the transitivity property is held in each sub-class and each different sub-PW denotes a kind of PW relations with special meanings. This paper studies the composition of different sub-PW relations given by Wiston and Odell in following three aspects: (1) Does the composition relation of two different sub- PW relations make sense?(2) Is the transitivity still held for the composition relations of two different sub- PW relations;(3) which sub-PW class does the composition relation belong to. Different from former study, a formal discussion is carried for above issues.
The KeyGraph Perspective in ARCS Motivation Model
Authors: Chia-ling Hsu, Leuo-hong Wang, Chau-fo Hong, Fang-cheng Hsu, Meng-yuan Sung, Ping-heng Tsai
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This study examines the learning motivation by means of the traditional ARCS questionnaire and the new technology KeyGraph method. The purposes of the study are to provide pictures of the ARCS model in scenario map format, to supple information in facts and in possible chances, to identify the important elements of each factor in the ARCS model in four scenario maps, and to suggest the possible chances. This collects the data by ARCS questionnaire and analyses the data with the KeyGraph method. The six scenario maps provide the research results. The six scenario maps reveal the learner motivation information and the possible chance to teachers or the instructional designers. The significances of this study are not only in theory, enriching the ARCS motivation model theory and extending the application of the KeyGraph method, but also in practical education system, indicating the feedback and providing the suggestions.
Learning goal hierarchies from structured observations and expert annotations
Authors: Tolga Könik, John E. Laird
Venue: Machine Learning (2006)

We describe a relational learning by observation framework that automatically creates cognitive agent programs that model expert task performance in complex dynamic domains. Our framework uses observed behavior and goal annotations of an expert as the primary input, interprets them in the context of background knowledge, and returns an agent program that behaves similar to the expert. We map the problem of creating an agent program on to multiple learning problems that can be represented in a "supervised concept learning'' setting. The acquired procedural knowledge is partitioned into a hierarchy of goals and represented with first order rules. Using an inductive logic programming (ILP) learning component allows our framework to naturally combine structured behavior observations, parametric and hierarchical goal annotations, and complex background knowledge. To deal with the large domains we consider, we have developed an efficient mechanism for storing and retrieving structured behavior data. We have tested our approach using artificially created examples and behavior observation traces generated by AI agents. We evaluate the learned rules by comparing them to hand-coded rules.
The Neural Correlates of Grammatical Gender: An fMRI Investigation
Authors: Gabriele Miceli, Patrizia Turriziani, Carlo Caltagirone, Rita Capasso, Francesco Tomaiuolo, Alfonso Caramazza
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

In an fMRI experiment, subjects saw a written noun and made three distinct decisions in separate sessions: Is its grammatical gender masculine or feminine (grammatical feature task)? Is it an animal or an artifact (semantic task)? Does it contain a /tch/ or a /k/ sound (phonological task)? Relative to the other experimental conditions, the grammatical feature task activated areas of the left middle and inferior frontal gyrus and of the left middle and inferior temporal gyrus. These activations fit in well with neuropsychological studies that document the correlation between left frontal lesions and damage to morphological processes in agrammatism, and the correlation between left temporal lesions and failure to access lexical representations in anomia. Taken together, these data suggest that grammatical gender is processed in a left fronto-temporal network. In addition, the observation that the grammatical feature task and the phonology task activated neighboring but distinct regions of the left frontal lobe provides a plausible neuroanatomical basis for the systematic occurrence of phonological errors in aphasic subjects with morphological deficits.
Affine-Invariant Geometric Shape Priors for Region-Based Active Contours
Authors: Alban Foulonneau, Pierre Charbonnier, Fabrice Heitz
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2006)

We present a new way of constraining the evolution of a region-based active contour with respect to a reference shape. Minimizing a shape prior, defined as a distance between shape descriptors based on the Legendre moments of the characteristic function, leads to a geometric flow that can be used with benefits in a two-class segmentation application. The shape model includes intrinsic invariance with regard to pose and affine deformations.
Geometrical semantics for linear logic (multiplicative fragment)
Authors: Sergey Slavnov
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2006)

Linear logic was described by Girard as a logic of dynamic interactions. On the other hand, Girard suggested an analogy between LL and quantum theory. Following these two intuitions we give an interpretation of linear logic in the language, which is common for both dynamical systems and quantization. Thus, we propose a denotational semantics for multiplicative linear logic using the language of symplectic geometry.We construct a category of coherent phase spaces and show that this category provides a model for MLL. A coherent phase space is a pair: a symplectic manifold and a distinguished field of contact cones on this manifold. The category of coherent phase spaces is a refinement of the symplectic "category" introduced by Weinstein. A morphism between two coherent phase spaces is a Lagrangian submanifold of their product, which is tangent to some distinguished field of contact cones. Thus, we interpret formulas of MLL as fields of contact cones on symplectic manifolds, and proofs as integral submanifolds of corresponding fields.In geometric and asymptotic quantization symplectic manifolds are phase spaces of classical systems, and Lagrangian submanifolds represent asymptotically states of quantized systems. Typically, a Lagrangian submanifold is the best possible localization of a quantum system in the classical phase space, as follows from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Lagrangian submanifolds are called sometimes "quantum points".From this point of view we interpret linear logic proofs as (geometric approximations to) quantum states and formulas as specifications for these states. In particular, the interpretation of linear negation suggests that the dual formulas A and A⊥ stand in the same relationship as the position and momentum observables. These two observables cannot simultaneously have definite values, much like the case of two dual formulas, which cannot simultaneously have proofs.