ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A FPGA-based Parallel Architecture for Scalable High-Speed Packet Classification
Authors: Weirong Jiang, Viktor K. Prasanna
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 20th IEEE International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (2009)

Multi-field packet classification is a critical function that enables network routers to support a variety of applications such as firewall processing, Quality of Service differentiation, traffic billing, and other value added services. Explosive growth of Internet traffic requires the future packet classifiers be implemented in hardware. However, most of the existing packet classification algorithms need large amount of memory, which inhibits efficient hardware implementations. This paper exploits the modern FPGA technology and presents a partitioning-based parallel architecture for scalable and high-speed packet classification. We propose a coarse-grained independent sets algorithm and then combine it seamlessly with the cross-producting scheme. After partitioning the original rule set into several coarse-grained independent sets and applying the cross-producting scheme for the remaining rules, the memory requirement is dramatically reduced. Our FPGA implementation results show that our architecture can store 10K real-life rules in a single state-of-the-art FPGA while consuming a small amount of on-chip resources. Post place and route results show that the design sustains 90 Gbps throughput for minimum size (40 bytes) packets, which is more than twice the current backbone network link rate.
An Efficient Morphological Active Surface Model for Volumetric Image Segmentation
Authors: Andrei C. Jalba, Jos B. Roerdink
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology and Its Application to Signal and Image Processing (2009)

Using tools from multi-scale morphology, we reformulate a region-based active-contour model using a minimum-variance criterion. Experimental results of 3D data show that our discrete model achieves similar segmentation quality as the continuous model based on the level-set framework, while being two orders of magnitude faster than optimized implementations of the original continuous model.
Error Analysis of a Sub-millimeter Real-Time Target Recognition System with a Moving Camera
Authors: V. M. Vieira, G. J. Kane, R. Marmulla, J. Raszkowsky, G. Eggers
Venue: Advances in Neuro-Information Processing: 15th International Conference, ICONIP 2008, Auckland, New Zealand, November 25-28, 2008, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (2009)

This paper discloses a method for simple and efficient optical coupling of a robotic arm with a tool with unknown location without exerting forces to the tool. Current solutions involve moving the robot in force-control mode and coupling by means of a manual gripper. This poses the problem with the transfer of unwanted forces to the tool while attempting to secure the design. With the intrinsic solution presented here, the camera is placed on the coupling axis and thence measures the distance and orientation to the target, the user will have the ability to safely guide the robotic arm towards the tool and smoothly couple the tool with the robot's end effector. The mechanical prototype is not here described; this paper emphasizes the image processing, consequent data interpretation and general approach. After the explanation of the technique, its theoretical performance limit was examined and confirmed against the practically achieved performance.
Efficient Optimal Multi-level Thresholding for Biofilm Image Segmentation
Authors: Darío Rojas, Luis Rueda, Homero Urrutia, Alioune Ngom
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics (2009)

A microbial biofilm is structured mainly by a protective sticky matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. The appreciation of such structures is useful for the microbiologist and can be subjective to the observer. Thus, quantifying the underlying images in useful parameters by means of an objective image segmentation process helps substantially to reduce errors in quantification. This paper proposes an approach to segmentation of biofilm images using optimal multilevel thresholding and indices of clustering validity. A comparison of automatically segmented images with manual segmentation is done through different thresholding criteria, and clustering validity indices are used to find the correct number of thresholds, obtaining results similar to the segmentation done by an expert.
Articulatory Speech Re-synthesis: Profiting from Natural Acoustic Speech Data
Authors: Dominik Bauer, Jim Kannampuzha, Bernd J. Kröger
Venue: Cross-Modal Analysis of Speech, Gestures, Gaze and Facial Expressions: COST Action 2102 International Conference Prague, Czech Republic, October 15-18, 2008 Revised Selected and Invited Papers (2009)

The quality of static phones (e.g. vowels, fricatives, nasals, laterals) generated by articulatory speech synthesizers has reached a high level in the last years. Our goal is to expand this high quality to dynamic speech, i.e. whole syllables, words, and utterances by re-synthesizing natural acoustic speech data. Re-synthesis means that vocal tract action units or articulatory gestures, describing the succession of speech movements, are adapted spatio-temporally with respect to a natural speech signal produced by a natural "model speaker" of Standard German. This adaptation is performed using the software tool SAGA (Sound and Articulatory Gesture Alignment) that is currently under development in our lab. The resulting action unit scores are stored in a database and serve as input for our articulatory speech synthesizer. This technique is designed to be the basis for a unit selection articulatory speech synthesis in the future.
Recognition and Synthesis of Human Movements by Parametric HMMs
Authors: Dennis Herzog, Volker Krüger
Venue: Statistical and Geometrical Approaches to Visual Motion Analysis: International Dagstuhl Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, July 13-18, 2008. Revised Papers (2009)

The representation of human movements for recognition and synthesis is important in many application fields such as: surveillance, human-computer interaction, motion capture, and humanoid robots. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a common statistical framework in this context, since they are generative and are able to deal with the intrinsic dynamic variation of movements performed by humans. In this work we argue that many human movements are parametric, i.e., a parametric variation of the movements in dependence of, e.g., a position a person is pointing at. The parameter is part of the semantic of a movement. And while classic HMMs treat them as noise, we will use parametric HMMs (PHMMs) [6,19] to model the parametric variability of human movements explicitly. In this work, we discuss both types of PHMMs, as introduced in [6] and [19], and we will focus our considerations on the recognition and synthesis of human arm movements. Furthermore, we will show in various experiments the use of PHMMs for the control of a humanoid robot by synthesizing movements for relocating objects at arbitrary positions. In vision-based interaction experiments, PHMM are used for the recognition of pointing movements, where the recognized parameterization conveys to a robot the important information which object to relocate and where to put it. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of recognition and synthesis for pointing and grasping arm movements and discuss that the precision of the synthesis is within the natural uncertainty of human movements.
A System to Construct an Interest Model of User Based on Information in Browsed Web Page by User
Authors: Kosuke Kawazu, Masakazu Murao, Takeru Ohta, Masayoshi Mase, Takashi Maeno
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction (2009)

In these days, they expect that computers comprehend characteristics of the user, for example interest and liking, to interact with computers. In this study, we constructed a system to construct an interest model of the user based on information in browsed Web pages by the user by extracting words and interword relationships. In this model, metadata is appended to words and interword relationships. Kinds of metadata of words are six, personal name, corporate name, site name, name of commodity, product name and location name. And metadata of interword relationships is prepared to clarify relationships of these words. This system makes a map by visualizing this model. And this system has functions to zoom and modify this map. We showed efficacy of this system by using evaluation experiment.
Combined Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Narrow Space, Social Isolation and High Cognitive Workload on Cognitive Ability of Chinese Operators
Authors: Yijing Zhang, Xueyong Liu, Zhizhong Li, Bin Wu, Fang Liu, Xiaolu Jing, Jun Wang, Haibo Qin, Su Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

This study aims to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on the cognitive abilities of Chinese subjects under a combined scenario of narrow space, social isolation, and high cognitive workload. Twelve subjects participated in the experiment of 72-hour sleep deprivation, and took 15 cognitive ability tests for three times at the first day of sleep deprivation (level 1), the second day of sleep deprivation (level 2) and the third day of sleep deprivation (level 3) respectively. The result data analyses show that: most of the cognitive abilities do not change significantly, but the value of special graphics search is increased significantly with the increasing of sleep deprivation time (p=0.01). In addition, when four cognitive ability tests were combined into one complex measure, the effect of sleep deprivation becomes more significant. The results mainly support the Hockey's compensatory control model. And they may be due to two other reasons: one is that the combined stressors will counteract each other; the other is that learning effect can improve operators' performance. The results also imply that sensitive and complex measures need to be developed and used to reflect the compound effects of sleep deprivation under such combined situation.
Towards Protein Interaction Analysis through Surface Labeling
Authors: Virginio Cantoni, Riccardo Gatti, Luca Lombardi
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2009)

The knowledge of the biological function of proteins would have great impact on the identification of novel drug targets, and on finding the molecular causes of diseases. Unfortunately, the experimental determination of protein function is a very expensive and time consuming process. As a consequence, the development of computational techniques to complement and guide the experimental process is a crucial and fundamental step for biological analysis.The final goal of the activity here presented is to provide a method that allows the identification of sites of possible protein-protein and protein-ligand interaction on the basis of the geometrical and topological structure of protein surfaces. The goal is then to discover complementary regions (that is with concave and convex segments that match each others) among different proteins. In particular, we are considering the first step of this process: the segmentation of the protein surface in protuberances and inlets through the analysis of convexity and concavity. To this end, two approaches will be described with a comparative assessment in terms of accuracy and speed of execution.
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Open Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Tong Zhen, Yuhua Zhu, Qiuwen Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

In the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP), a vehicle does not return to the depot after servicing the last customer on a route. The description of this variant of the standard vehicle routing problem appeared in the literature over 20 years ago, but it has still received little attention from researchers for a satisfactory solution. In this paper, a novel real number encoding method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Open Vehicle Routing Problem is proposed. The vehicle is mapped into the integer part of the real number; and the sequence of customers in the vehicle is mapped into the decimal fraction of the real number. They are used to optimize the inner or outer routes and modify illegal solutions. In the experiments, a number of numerical examples are carried out for testing and verification. The Computational results confirm the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Study on Water Quality Chemical Stability of Desalinated Seawater in Municipal Water Supply Systems
Authors: Bijun Luo, Xinhua Zhao, Baoshuang Liang, Guofeng Dong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

The “yellow water” phenomenon often appears when desalinated seawater entered the old ferruginous water supply systems. Therefore, different tubing water pipe-nets were used to simulate the desalinated seawater distribution process, change of water quality between raw water and pipe water was analyzed as well as the mechanism of “yellow water” phenomenon. Also, the control indexes of desalinated seawater quality chemical stability were put forward, including pH, alkalinity, Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Index. Moreover, some measures to keep desalinated seawater quality stable were proposed in this paper.
A Product Quality Index Derived from Product Lifetime Distribution
Authors: R. Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

The reliability requirement of a product (or component) is often given by the mean life. Actually, the expected service life of a product is smaller than the mean life unless the product is run to failure. This implies that an alpha-fractile life with 0
Cross-entropy and linguistic typology
Authors: Patrick Juola
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint Conferences on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (1998)

The idea of "familial relationships" among languages is well-established and accepted, although some controversies persist in a few specific instances. By painstakingly recording and identifying regularities and similarities and comparing these to the historical record, linguists have been able to produce a general "family tree" incorporating most natural languages. We suggest here that much of these trees can be automatically determined by a complementary technique of distributional analysis. Recent work by (Farach et al., 1995) and (Juola, 1997) suggests that Kullback-Leibler divergence (or cross-entropy) can be meaningfully measured from small samples, in some cases as small as only 20 or so words. Using these techniques, we define and measure a distance function between translations of a small corpus (c. 70 words/sample) covering much of the accepted Indo-European family, and reconstruct a relationship tree by hierarchical cluster analysis. The resulting tree shows remarkable similarity to the accepted Indo-European family; this we read as evidence both for the immense power of this measurement technique and for the validity of this kind of mechanical similarity judgement in the identification of typological relationships. Furthermore, this technique is in theory sensitive to different sorts of relationships than more common word-list based methods and may help illuminate these from a different direction.
Davis Social Links: Leveraging Social Networks for Future Internet Communication
Authors: Lerone Banks, Prantik Bhattacharyya, Matthew Spear, Shyhtsun Felix Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2009)

In this paper, we present a social network based network communication architecture, Davis Social Links (DSL). DSL uses the trust and relationships inherent to human social networks to provide an enhanced communication architecture for future Internet designs. We begin with a conceptual discussion of how future network architectures can leverage social networks. Next, we describe the DSL architecture and how it provides to end-users control over the irreachability within the network. We conclude with a discussion of the capability to manage dynamic communities within DSL.
The Research of Web Page De-duplication Based on Web Pages Reshipment Statement
Authors: Min-yan Wang, Dong-sheng Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 First International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications (2009)

Web page de-duplication module is an important part of search engine system, which can improve its performance and quality with filtering the web pages downloaded by crawler system of search engine and eliminating the duplicated web pages. This paper from the source of duplicated web pages--reshipment proposes a web page de-duplication method that the information including original websites and web titles are extracted to eliminate duplicated web pages based on feature codes. Experiments show that this method can achieve satisfactory results in eliminating large-scale duplicated web pages.
Facilita: reading assistance for low-literacy readers
Authors: Willian Massami Watanabe, Arnaldo Candido Junior, Vinícius Rodriguez Uzêda, Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes, Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro Pardo, Sandra Maria Aluísio
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on Design of communication (2009)

Texts are the media content primarily available on Web sites and applications. However, this heavy use of texts creates an accessibility barrier to those who cannot read fluently in their mother tongue due to both text length and linguistic complexity. To offer an accessible alternative to these readers, shorter and simplified versions of text content should be provided. Taking that into consideration, this paper introduces Facilita, an assistive technology to help lower-literacy users to understand the text content of Web applications. Facilita generates an accessible content from Web pages automatically, using summarization and simplification techniques. It is also important to consider interface design requirements, since Facilita's target audience (the functionally illiterate) is often classified as computer illiterate as well. Thus, interaction and user interface design were developed considering the limitations and skills of the functionally illiterate.
A Virtual Enterprise Oriented Access Control Mechanism
Authors: Chunhua Gu, Xueqin Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 01 (2009)

Virtual enterprise is a temporary alliance of enterprises that come together to share skills, core competencies or resources. The members in virtual enterprise need to collaborate in a distributed, dynamic, open and heterogeneous environment. Traditional Access control mechanisms, which serve the single enterprises, are not suitable for virtual enterprise. By incorporating task delegation, trust management and cryptography technology, we proposed a virtual enterprise oriented Access Control (VEOAC) mechanism. In VEOAC, a source of authority VECA is introduced and all member enterprises have their own access control system and they trust that source of authority. Using delegation logic the private access control rules are securely enforced. VEOAC can protect the resource of each member in virtual enterprise more efficiently.
Graph partitioning based on link distributions
Authors: Bo Long, Mark Zhang, Philip S. Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1 (2007)

Existing graph partitioning approaches are mainly based on optimizing edge cuts and do not take the distribution of edge weights (link distribution) into consideration. In this paper, we propose a general model to partition graphs based on link distributions. This model formulates graph partitioning under a certain distribution assumption as approximating the graph affinity matrix under the corresponding distortion measure. Under this model, we derive a novel graph partitioning algorithm to approximate a graph affinity matrix under various Bregman divergences, which correspond to a large exponential family of distributions. We also establish the connections between edge cut objectives and the proposed model to provide a unified view to graph partitioning.
Data fusion improves the coverage of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Guoliang Xing, Rui Tan, Benyuan Liu, Jianping Wang, Xiaohua Jia, Chih-Wei Yi
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been increasingly available for critical applications such as security surveillance and environmental monitoring. An important performance measure of such applications is sensing coverage that characterizes how well a sensing field is monitored by a network. Although advanced collaborative signal processing algorithms have been adopted by many existing WSNs, most previous analytical studies on sensing coverage are conducted based on overly simplistic sensing models (e.g., the disc model) that do not capture the stochastic nature of sensing. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by exploring the fundamental limits of coverage based on stochastic data fusion models that fuse noisy measurements of multiple sensors. We derive the scaling laws between coverage, network density, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show that data fusion can significantly improve sensing coverage by exploiting the collaboration among sensors. In particular, for signal path loss exponent of k (typically between 2.0 and 5.0), rho_f=O(rho_d^(1-1/k)), where rho_f and rho_d are the densities of uniformly deployed sensors that achieve full coverage under the fusion and disc models, respectively. Our results help understand the limitations of the previous analytical results based on the disc model and provide key insights into the design of WSNs that adopt data fusion algorithms. Our analyses are verified through extensive simulations based on both synthetic data sets and data traces collected in a real deployment for vehicle detection.
Long-Time Performance of Unsplit PMLs with Explicit Second Order Schemes
Authors: S. Abarbanel, H. Qasimov, S. Tsynkov
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2009)

A gradual long-time growth of the solution in perfectly matched layers (PMLs) has been previously reported in the literature. This undesirable phenomenon may hamper the performance of the layer, which is designed to truncate the computational domain for unsteady wave propagation problems. For unsplit PMLs, prior studies have attributed the growth to the presence of multiple eigenvalues in the amplification matrix of the governing system of differential equations. In the current paper, we analyze the temporal behavior of unsplit PMLs for some commonly used second order explicit finite-difference schemes that approximate the Maxwell's equations. Our conclusion is that on top of having the PML as a potential source of long-time growth, the type of the layer and the choice of the scheme play a major role in how rapidly this growth may manifest itself and whether or not it manifests itself at all.