ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Compact Propagation Delay Model for Deep-Submicron CMOS Gates including Crosstalk
Authors: J. L. Rosselló, J. Segura
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 2 (2004)

We present a compact, fully physical, analytical model for the propagation delay and the output transition time of deep-submicron CMOS gates. The model accounts for crosstalk effects, short-circuit currents, the input-output coupling capacitance and carrier velocity saturation effects. It is based on the nth-power law MOSFET model and computes the propagation delay from the charge delivered to the gate. Comparison with HSPICE simulations and other previously published models for different submicron technologies show significant improvements in terms of accuracy.
Reading source code
Authors: Darrell R. Raymond
Venue: Proceedings of the 1991 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (1991)

Source code is, among other things, a text to be read. In this paper I argue that reading source code is a key activity in software maintenance, and that we can profitably apply experiences and reading systems from text databases to the problem of reading source code. Three prototype systems are presented, and the main features of their design are discussed.
Efficient Test Data Decompression for System-on-a-Chip Using an Embedded FPGA Core
Authors: Gang Zeng, Hideo Ito
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

In this paper, a novel compression/decompression test approach for system-on-a-chip (SoC) test using an embedded FPGA core is presented. The approach employing Huffman coding achieves test data volume and test application time reduction. The approach makes effective use of the embedded FPGA core such that the implementation is more efficient than that of the embedded processor-based approach. Due to the reconfigurable capability of FPGA, the implementation of this approach has zero hardware overhead and higher flexibility in comparison with the general hardware-based implementation. Since the application with FPGA has the common problems of low speed and high power consumption, we demonstrate how to apply CAM-based (content-addressable-memory) decompression architecture and low-power scan test vectors to overcome the difficulties. It is proven that the proposed approach is efficient from the experimental results.
Performance Evaluation of a Memory-Based TCP-friendly Rate Adaptation Algorithm for a Real-time Radar Application
Authors: Sangeetha L. Bangolae, Anura P. Jayasumana, V. Chandrasekar
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (2003)

Implementing a TCP-friendly congestion controlmechanism is imperative for emerging UDP-based real-time,high-bandwidth applications such as multimedia.VCHILL project for digitized radar data transfer over theInternet is one such application for which a source basedTCP-friendly Rate Adaptation Based On Loss (TRABOL)algorithm is deployed and shown to be TCP-friendly overapplicable timescales. Comparison of the TRABOL-basedradar application with other non-congestion controlledUDP flows shows that the application performs better withTRABOL and is fair towards neighboring TCP flows.Implementation of a simple memory-based mechanism asan add-on to the TRABOL algorithm enhances theperformance of the application.
Structuring interactive TV documents
Authors: Rudinei Goularte, Edson dos Santos Moreira, Maria da Graça C. Pimentel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering (2003)

Interactive video technology is meant to support user-interaction with video in scene objects associated with navigation in video segments and access to text-based metadata. Interactive TV is one of the most important applications of this area, which has required the development of standards, techniques and tools, such as MPEG-4 and MPEG-7, to create, to describe, to deliver and to present interactive content.In this scenario, the structure and organization of documents containing multimedia metadata play an important role. However, the Interactive TV documents structuring and organization has not been properly explored during the development of advanced Interactive TV services.This work presents a model to structure and to organize documents describing Interactive TV programs and its related media objects, as well as the links between them. This model gives support to represent contextual information, and makes possible to use relevant metadata information in order to implement advanced services like object-based searches, in- movie (scenes, frames, in-frame regions) navigation, and personalization. To demonstrate the functionalities of our model, we have developed an application which uses an Interactive TV program's documents descriptions to present information about in-frame video objects.
Specification and checking of dependency relations between UML models
Authors: Claudia Pons, Roxana Giandini, Gabriel Baum, José Luis Garbi, Paula Mercado
Venue: UML and the unified process (2003)

During the object-oriented software development process, a variety of models of the system is built. All of these models are not independent; they are related to each other. Elements in one model have trace dependencies to other models; they are semantically overlapping and together represent the system as a whole. It is necessary to have a precise definition of the syntax and semantics of the different models and their relationships since the lack of accuracy in definition can lead to wrong model interpretations and inconsistency between models. In this chapter, we classify relationships between models along three different dimensions and propose a formal description of them. The goal of the proposed formalization is to provide formal foundations for tools that perform intelligent analysis on models thereby assisting software engineers throughout the development process. In this direction, we discuss the construction of a tool based on the formalization and support the verification of traces between requirement and analysis models specified in the Unified Modeling Language.
The Snowblower Problem
Authors: Iddo Eliazar
Venue: Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (2003)

A snowblower is circling a closed-loop racetrack, driving clockwise and clearing off snow in a constant snowblowing rate. Both the snowfall and the snowblower's driving speed vary randomly (in both space and time coordinates). The snowblower's motion and the snowload profile on the racetrack are co-dependent and co-evolve, resulting in a coupled stochastic dynamical system of &lsquo;random motion (snowblower) in a random environment (snowload profile)&rsquo;. Snowblowing systems are closely related to continuous polling systems &ndash; or, so-called, polling systems on the circle &ndash; which are the continuum limits of &lsquo;standard&rsquo; polling systems. Our aim in this manuscript is to introduce a stochastic model that would apply to a wide class of stochastic snowblower-type systems and, simultaneously, generalize the existing models of continuous polling systems. We present a general snowblowing-system model, with arbitrary L&eacute;vy snowfall and arbitrary snowblower delays, and study it by analyzing an underlying stochastic Poincar&eacute; map governing the system's evolution. The log-Laplace transform and mean of the Poincar&eacute; map are computed, convergence to steady state (equilibrium) is proved, and the system's equilibrium behavior is explored.
Synchronous Protocol Automata: A Framework for Modelling and Verification of SoC Communication Architectures
Authors: Vijay D'silva, S. Ramesh, Arcot Sowmya
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

Plug-n-Play style Intellectual Property (IP) reuse in System on Chip (SoC) design is facilitated by the use of an on-chip bus architecture. We present a synchronous, Finite State Machine based framework for modelling communication aspects of such architectures. This formalism has been developed via interaction with designers and the industry and is intuitive and lightweight. We have developed cycle accurate methods to formally specify protocol compatibility and component composition and show how our model can be used for compatibility verification, interface synthesis and model checking with automated specification. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by modelling the AMBA bus architecture including details such as pipelined operation, burst and split transfers, the AHB-APB bridge and arbitration features.
An environmental sensor network to determine drinking water quality and security
Authors: Anastassia Ailamaki, Christos Faloutos, Paul S. Fischbeck, Mitchell J. Small, Jeanne VanBriesen
Venue: ACM SIGMOD Record (2003)

Finding patterns in large, real, spatio/temporal data continues to attract high interest (e.g., sales of products over space and time, patterns in mobile phone users; sensor networks collecting operational data from automobiles, or even from humans with wearable computers). In this paper, we describe an interdisciplinary research effort to couple knowledge discovery in large environmental databases with biological and chemical sensor networks, in order to revolutionize drinking water quality and security decision making. We describe a distribution and operation protocol for the placement and utilization of in situ environmental sensors by combining (1) new algorithms for spatialtemporal data mining, (2) new methods to model water quality and security dynamics, and (3) a sophisticated decision-analysis framework. The project was recently funded by NSF and represents application of these research areas to the critical current issue of ensuring safe and secure drinking water to the population of the United States.
Business use of internet-based information systems: the case of Korea
Authors: Sangjae Lee
Venue: European Journal of Information Systems (2003)

The potential of the Internet to reach a large and growing body of customers, coupled with low communication costs, makes it a very attractive business medium to many organizations. Although there is significant interest in the use of the Internet for business purposes, studies articulating issues that can guide business managers in its use are lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine the issue of business activity on the Internet and report the results of a survey on the ways in which businesses are making use of Internet-based information systems (IIS). In addition, the study investigates the relations between the implementation and performance of an IIS to examine its potential to provide benefits to IIS adopters. A total of 120 usable responses were obtained. This paper identifies pertinent issues and problems that are critical in developing an IIS. The results also show that volume sophistication and information contents in an IIS partially affect the extent of cost savings, financial performance, and service improvement.
Panoptes: scalable low-power video sensor networking technologies
Authors: Wu-chi Feng, Brian Code, Ed Kaiser, Mike Shea, Wu-chang Feng
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

This demonstration will show the video sensor networking technologies developed at the OGI School of Science and Engineering. The general purpose video sensors allow programmers to create application-specific filtering, power management, and event triggering mechanisms. The demo will show a handful of video sensors operating under a variety of conditions including intermittent network connectivity as one might see in an environmental observation application.
Distribution of resources by means of multi-agent simulation based on incomplete information
Authors: Edward Nawarecki, Grzegorz Dobrowolski, Marek Kisiel-Dorohinicki
Venue: Artificial intelligence and security in computing systems (2003)

In the paper agent-based simulation is proposed as a convenient and efficient tool for solving problems of distribution and transportation of resources under incomplete and uncertain information. The model of the appropriate system is presented with special emphasis on flow of information that accompanies the distribution of resources but, in fact, proves decisive for its efficiency. Selected experiments are reported together with their interpretation and some general remarks.
Observing bodies. Camera surveillance and the significance of the body
Authors: Lynsey Dubbeld
Venue: Ethics and Information Technology (2003)

At the most mundane level, CCTV observes bodies, and as such attaches great importance to the specific features of the human body. At the same time, however, bodies tend to disappear, as they are represented electronically by the camera monitors and, in the case of image recording, by the computer systems processing data. The roles of bodies (either as targets of surveillance or as translations into flows of disembodied information), however, are not unimportant or inconsequential, but may in fact give rise to a number of tangible ethical dilemmas. Firstly, the virtual representation of the embodied actor is not a neutral, unproblematic process. Body representation techniques such as CCTV produce constructions of the subject that involve judgmental, discriminatory processes of categorisation and are based on asymmetrical relations between observers and observed. Secondly, the `data doubles' are not inconsequential: the representations of the body produced by CCTV can have palpable consequences for the embodied self and its life chances. The widespread use of CCTV could therefore give rise to individual as well as social issues, and possibly in a different manner than previous surveillance technologies. This fact signals the need for (re-)conceptualisations of moral values (such as privacy) applicable to the case of CCTV which take into account the importance of bodily protections.
Motorcycling and social interaction: design for the enjoyment of brief traffic encounters
Authors: Mattias Esbjörnsson, Oskar Juhlin, Mattias Östergen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work (2003)

We report an ethnographic fieldwork that reveals the importance of social interaction, and especially traffic encounters, for the enjoyment of motorcycling. Motorcyclists spend an appreciable amount of time on the roads to meet other bikers. During the brief traffic encounters, they interact visually by means of their driving, their choice of bike and personal equipment. We uncover problematic issues in this practice and how these are currently addressed. The activities on the roads are partly arranged, and partly complemented by the use of a public message-board on the web. The findings are summarized as a set of implications informing the development of the Hocman prototype. Hocman is a mobile HTTP peer-to-peer application, which supports social interaction between motorcyclists.
Role-Based Access Controls: Status, Dissemination, and Prospects for Generic Security Mechanisms
Authors: Wolfgang Essmayr, Stefan Probst, Edgar Weippl
Venue: Electronic Commerce Research (2004)

E-commerce applications have diverse security requirements ranging from business-to-business over business-to-consumer to consumer-to-consumer types of applications. This range of requirements cannot be handled adequately by one single security model although role-based access controls (RBAC) depict a promising fundament for generic high-level security. Furthermore, RBAC is well researched but rather incompletely realized in most of the current backend as well as business layer systems. Security mechanisms have often been added to existing software causing many of the well-known deficiencies found in most software products. However, with the rise of component-based software development security models can also be made available for reuse. Therefore, we present a general-purpose software framework providing security mechanisms such as authentication, access controls, and auditing for Java software development. The framework is called GAMMA (Generic Authorization Mechanisms for Multi-Tier Applications) and offers multiple high-level security models (including the aforementioned RBAC) that may even be used concurrently to cover such diverse security requirements as found within e-commerce environments.
Making sense of collaboration: the challenge of thinking together in global design teams
Authors: Andreas Larsson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work (2003)

Industry globalization brings with it inevitable changes to traditional organizational structures. The notion of global virtual teams, working together across geographical, cultural and functional borders, is becoming increasingly appealing. This paper presents observations of how a team of designers negotiate shared understanding in the collaborative design of Virtual Pedals for Volvo Car Corporation. Although the team was globally distributed during most of the development process, examples are drawn from collocated design sessions, since this enables careful examination of the multifaceted ways in which collocated designers use a wide variety of artifacts and techniques to create common ground. The findings highlight the situational and interactional characteristics of design collaboration and suggest that the addition of shared 'objects to think with' in distributed design environments could greatly facilitate global design teams in their collaborative process of 'thinking together apart'.
Hyper-hitchcock: authoring interactive videos and generating interactive summaries
Authors: Andreas Girgensohn, Frank Shipman, Lynn Wilcox
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

To simplify the process of editing interactive video, we developed the concept of "detail-on-demand" video as a subset of general hypervideo. Detail-on-demand video keeps the authoring and viewing interfaces relatively simple while supporting a wide range of interactive video applications. Our editor, Hyper-Hitchcock, provides a direct manipulation environment in which authors can combine video clips and place hyperlinks between them. To summarize a video, Hyper-Hitchcock can also automatically generate a hypervideo composed of multiple video summary levels and navigational links between these summaries and the original video. Viewers may interactively select the amount of detail they see, access more detailed summaries, and navigate to the source video through the summary.
First stages of silicidation in Ti/Si thin films
Authors: B. Chenevier, O. Chaix-Pluchery, P. Gergaud, O. Thomas, R. Madar, F. La Via
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

The structural evolution in fiber-textured Ti/Si thin films was investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction in the temperature range preceding the formation of silicide compounds. Abnormal thermal behaviour of both 002 and 101 diffraction profiles was observed at 360 and 450 °C, which could be understood in terms of Si diffusion, first in Ti grain boundaries, then into the grains. By combining ex-situ strain studies with analysis of the Si local environment in the whole Ti silicide family from Ti5Si3 to TiSi2, it was possible to determine the stress-free lattice parameters of annealed films. They are significantly higher than the bulk parameters, and indicate that nearly 4.5 at.% Si is present in the Ti grains.
Bethe free energy and contrastive divergence approximations for undirected graphical models
Authors: Geoffrey E. Hinton
Venue:  (2003)

As the machine learning community tackles more complex and harder problems, the graphical models needed to solve such problems become larger and more complicated. As a result performing inference and learning exactly for such graphical models become ever more expensive, and approximate inference and learning techniques become ever more prominent. There are a variety of techniques for approximate inference and learning in the literature. This thesis contributes some new ideas in the products of experts (PoEs) class of models (Hinton, 2002), and the Bethe free energy approximations (Yedidia et al., 2001). For PoEs, our contribution is in developing new PoE models for continuous-valued domains. We developed RBMrate, a model for discretized continuous-valued data. We applied it to face recognition to demonstrate its abilities. We also developed energy-based models (EBMs)&mdash;flexible probabilistic models where the building blocks consist of energy terms computed using a feed-forward network. We show that standard square noiseless independent components analysis (ICA) (Bell and Sejnowski, 1995) can be viewed as a restricted form of EBMs. Extending this relationship with ICA, we describe sparse and over-complete representations of data where the inference process is trivial since it is simply an EBM. For Bethe free energy approximations, our contribution is a theory relating belief propagation and iterative scaling. We show that both belief propagation and iterative scaling updates can be derived as fixed point equations for constrained minimization of the Bethe free energy. This allows us to develop a new algorithm to directly minimize the Bethe free energy, and to apply the Bethe free energy to learning in addition to inference. We also describe improvements to the efficiency of standard learning algorithms for undirected graphical models (Jirou&scaron;ek and P&rcaron;eu&ccaron;il, 1995).
Fast Comparisons of Circuit Implementations
Authors: Shrirang K. Karandikar, Sachin S. Sapatnekar
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 2 (2004)

Digital designs can be mapped to different implementations using diverse approaches, with varying cost criteria. Post-processing transforms, such as transistor sizing can drastically improve circuit performance, by optimizing critical paths to meet timing specifications. However, most transistor sizing tools have high execution times, and the attainable circuit delay can be determined only after running the tool. In this paper, we present an approach for fast transistor sizing that can enable a designer to choose one among several functionally identical implementations. Our algorithm computes the minimum achievable delay of a circuitwith a maximum average error of 5.5% in less than a second for even the largest benchmarks.
An investigation into the effects of the counting method used on software science measurements
Authors: James L. Elshoff
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

Professor Maurice Halstead of Purdue University first defined a set of properties of algorithms in 1972. The properties are defined in terms of the number of unique operators, unique operands, total operators, and total operands used to express the algorithm. Since 1972, independent experiments have measured various sets of algorithms and have supported Halstead's theories concerning these properties. Also, new properties have been defined and experiments performed to study them.This paper reports a study in which different methods of counting operators and operands are applied to a fixed set of 34 algorithms written in PL/I. Some properties of the algorithms vary significantly depending on the counting method chosen; other properties remain stable. Although no one counting method can be shown to be best, the results do indicate the importance of the counting method to the overall measurement of an algorithm. Moreover, the results provide a reminder of how sensitive some of the measurements are and of how careful researchers must be when drawing conclusions from software science measurements.