ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Aftermath of the McColo Shutdown
Authors: Steve DiBenedetto, Dan Massey, Christos Papadopoulos, Patrick J. Walsh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth Annual International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2009)

This paper examines how spam behavior was impacted by the shutdown of McColo, a service provider known for its lax security enforcement. Since the shutdown, a variety of sources have reported significant changes to global spam patterns. In an effort to clarify how spam has changed, we examine reputation data provided by a leading security vendor and present an analysis of spam before and after the McColo shutdown. We show that the actual number of spammers has decreased. We also examine the distribution of spammers both geographically and across the IP space. Our results show that 87% spam sending regions suffered some reductions. Despite this however, the number of sources identified as spammers is still monotonically increasing and the spam volume has recovered to its pre-shutdown levels.
RTV: tree kernels for thematic role classification
Authors: Daniele Pighin, Alessandro Moschitti, Roberto Basili
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations (2007)

We present a simple, two-steps supervised strategy for the identification and classification of thematic roles in natural language texts. We employ no external source of information but automatic parse trees of the input sentences. We use a few attribute-value features and tree kernel functions applied to specialized structured features. The resulting system has an F1 of 75.44 on the SemEval2007 closed task on semantic role labeling.
Non-parametric Bayesian areal linguistics
Authors: Hal Daumé,  III
Venue: Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

We describe a statistical model over linguistic areas and phylogeny. Our model recovers known areas and identifies a plausible hierarchy of areal features. The use of areas improves genetic reconstruction of languages both qualitatively and quantitatively according to a variety of metrics. We model linguistic areas by a Pitman-Yor process and linguistic phylogeny by Kingman's coalescent.
Study on the Sustainable Development of Eco-environment of Fujian and Taiwan Provinces of China Based on Ecological Footprint Model
Authors: Ming Zhao, Wenjing Cai, Shuqi Yuan, Shuaishuai Hao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

This paper applies the analytic approach of the ecological footprint to calculate and compare the ecological footprint and the ecological capacity of Fujian province over the period from 1993 to 2002 and Taiwan province over two periods from 1981 to 1990 and from 1993 to 2002. The results indicate that land demand per capita of both Fujian and Taiwan increased year by year while the ecological capacity per capita almost had no big changes, which caused the daily increase of the ecological deficit, therefore Fujian and Taiwan provinces were in absolute ecological stressing areas. The ecological pressure indicator of Taiwan province was higher than that of Fujian province. But the growth rate of the ecological footprint per capita of Taiwan province has been declining while the growth rate of Fujian province is still going up rapidly.
Stochastic Security Performance of Active Cache Based Defense against DoS Attacks in Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Ye Yan, Jiannong Cao, Zhu Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks (2009)

Due to its wireless multi-hop feature, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)is prone to suffer from many attacks, such as Denial of Service attack(DoS). In the DoS attack, when extortionate high-load flows flood to individual Mesh Routers (MR), they can no longer provide normal services to innocent flows. An active cache based defense solution can detect the existence of attacking flows based on thefrequency of incoming packets and eliminate the attacking flows by discarding packets by a Drop Probability(DP). As shown in our simulation study, the selection and variance of DP have a significant impact on the performance of the defense solution to both attacking flows and innocent flows. In this paper, a series of DP selection and variance methods are employed in our simulation studies. From them, we can optimize the DP methods and correspondingparameter setting of the solution against Dos attack by the analysis on the simulation results.
Cartoon Image Classification Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Zhu Xiangbin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia-Pacific Conference on Information Processing - Volume 02 (2009)

Cartoon images is used in many applications.We propose a cartoon image classification method in 2D images. The algorithm is based on in support vector machines and wavelet transform. The cartoon image classification method is robust in the presence of noise. The method has been implemented and performed experiments on some image data. Our experimental results showed characteristics of our method. In the end, the future research directions are discussed.
Efficient Conditional Proxy Re-encryption with Chosen-Ciphertext Security
Authors: Jian Weng, Yanjiang Yang, Qiang Tang, Robert H. Deng, Feng Bao
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Security (2009)

Recently, a variant of proxy re-encryption, named conditional proxy re-encryption (C-PRE), has been introduced. Compared with traditional proxy re-encryption, C-PRE enables the delegator to implement fine-grained delegation of decryption rights, and thus is more useful in many applications. In this paper, based on a careful observation on the existing definitions and security notions for C-PRE, we re-formalize more rigorous definition and security notions for C-PRE. We further propose a more efficient C-PRE scheme, and prove its chosen-ciphertext security under the decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption in the random oracle model. In addition, we point out that a recent C-PRE scheme fails to achieve the chosen-ciphertext security.
Trust Management Using Networks of Volunteers in Ubiquitous Computing Environments
Authors: Mijeom Kim, Mohan Kumar, Sukju Jung
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking and Second Conference on Smart Spaces (2009)

Trust management is essential for secure node collaboration in ubiquitous computing environments for mission critical applications in military, crisis management, telemedicine and others. In this paper, we design and develop a novel hierarchical architecture called NeVo (Network of Volunteers) to facilitate trust management. The architecture uses a small subset of the nodes called volunteers to perform basic services such as resource provisioning, service discovery and mobility management in the network. The proposed mechanism operates autonomously through nodes' cooperation. We choose service discovery to illustrate how the proposed trust management mechanism are accomplished through interactions among nodes. Simulation studies demonstrate that NeVo exhibits high efficiency and performance compared to existing distributed approaches in open pervasive environments.
Defining assessment projects and scenarios for policy support: Use of ontology in Integrated Assessment and Modelling
Authors: S. Janssen, F. Ewert, Hongtao Li, I. N. Athanasiadis, J. J. F. Wien, O. Thérond, M. J. R. Knapen, I. Bezlepkina, J. Alkan-Olsson, A. E. Rizzoli, H. Belhouchette, M. Svensson, M. K. van Ittersum
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2009)

Integrated Assessment and Modelling (IAM) provides an interdisciplinary approach to support ex-ante decision-making by combining quantitative models representing different systems and scales into a framework for integrated assessment. Scenarios in IAM are developed in the interaction between scientists and stakeholders to explore possible pathways of future development. As IAM typically combines models from different disciplines, there is a clear need for a consistent definition and implementation of scenarios across models, policy problems and scales. This paper presents such a unified conceptualization for scenario and assessment projects. We demonstrate the use of common ontologies in building this unified conceptualization, e.g. a common ontology on assessment projects and scenarios. The common ontology and the process of ontology engineering are used in a case study, which refers to the development of SEAMLESS-IF, an integrated modelling framework to assess agricultural and environmental policy options as to their contribution to sustainable development. The presented common ontology on assessment projects and scenarios can be reused by IAM consortia and if required, adapted by using the process of ontology engineering as proposed in this paper.
Alignment algorithms for learning to read aloud
Authors: Charles X. Ling, Handong Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2 (1997)

A complete system of learning spelling-tophoneme conversion of English words consists of three major processes: alignment, mapping learning, and grapheme generation. Such a system can be used to construct prototypes of reading machines for English or other languages quickly and automatically. This paper focusses on the alignment process, which is critical to mapping learning and grapheme generation. We present several novel alignment algorithms which learn alignment without supervision. The basic alignment algorithm is a hillclimbing algorithm. Several improvements of it are studied and tested. In addition, a method that overcomes the pitfall in hill-climbing algorithms is designed. Our best alignment algorithm produces very impressive results: only 0.5% of error rate.
Land Use Pattern and Its Effect on Soil Quality in Minjiang River Dry Valley
Authors: Shiliang Liu, Yuhong Dong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

A study was initiated in a small semi-arid catchment with reforestation history to elucidate the soil change. Results showed that land use pattern was closely related with terrain conditions and human disturbance levels. Soil properties under four typical human-disturbed land use types (orchard, shrub, cropland and reforested land) were compared. Significant differences were found for total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK). Cultivated land had the lowest level for most soil properties compared to other land uses and shrub land had a higher OM and TN than other land uses. The calculated soil quality index indicated the soil conditions were shrub>reforested land>orchard>cropland. The study suggested that in the dry valleys shrubs had a good capacity for soil improvement and reforestation, if well restored, could also improve soil quality and biodiversity. Secondary succession may be a better choice than the policy ‘change farmland to forest land’, especially for the mountainous regions where there is lack of labour and financial support.
Emerging Wireless LANs, Wireless PANs, and Wireless MANs: IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, 802.16 Wireless Standard Family, 1st edition
Authors: Yang Xiao, Yi Pan
Venue: Wiley Series On Parallel And Distributed Computing (2009)

This book introduces and explains current and emerging IEEE 802 wireless standards/drafts to readers, including IEEE wireless standards (Wireless LANs; Wireless PANs; and Wireless MANs. It also provides information on MAC (medium Access control) and the Physical layer protocols for all these standards/drafts with an emphasis on channel access and power management.
Hierarchical Pairwise Segmentation Using Dominant Sets and Anisotropic Diffusion Kernels
Authors: Andrea Torsello, Marcello Pelillo
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (2009)

Pairwise data clustering techniques are gaining increasing popularity over traditional, feature-based central grouping techniques. These approaches have proved very powerful when applied to image-segmentation problems. However, they are mainly focused on extracting flat partitions of the data, thus missing out on the advantages of the inclusion constraints typical of hierarchical coarse-to-fine segmentations approaches very common when working directly on the image lattice. In this paper we present a pairwise hierarchical segmentation approach based on dominant sets [12] where an anisotropic diffusion kernel allows for a scale variation for the extraction of the segments, thus enforcing separations on strong boundaries at a high level of the hierarchy. Experimental results on the standard Berkeley database [9] show the effectiveness of the approach.
Electron translocation and field emission in printed CNT film by high-temperature sintering and post-treatment
Authors: Xiu-Xia Zhang, Chang-Chun Zhu
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

The main problem of printed carbon nanotube film (CNTF) is that emitters do not have distributed uniformity. CNT was buried in leftover binding materials, which needs to be removed by fitted sintering and post-treatment. A new paste for printed CNTF was developed. Tunneling coefficients of leftover potential barrier were calculated respectively by the numerical method. The electrons translocation results through potential barrier between CNTs in calculated CNTF were tested by an experiment. A novel post-treatment, including high-temperature sintering and mechanical shearing and blowing, was performed to evidently improve the electron translocation and field emission current density of CNTF. Excellent emission prosperities were exhibited: stable current density, distributed uniformity emitters and long lifetime. The treatment of high-temperature sintering and mechanical shearing and blowing, may be an important prerequisite for future field emission display.
The Research on Flood Control and Rainfall Regimen Information System of Poyang Lake Areas
Authors: Xiaosheng Liu, Lei Hao, Yuxuan Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

In order to be able to reduce the casualties and property losses which is caused by floods in Poyang Lake area, and to provide assists and supports to the flood control department concerned of Poyang Lake region, authors firstly determined the system objectives and structure, then designed three databases such as history regimen database, real-time regimen database, and engineering database, implemented the functions such as data acquisition and updating, information query retrieval, statistical queries, spatial analysis, data output, system instructions and help, and finally completed the development with flood prevention rainfall and regiment information system of Poyang Lake areas.
Improving the Clustering of Blogosphere with a Self-term Enriching Technique
Authors: Fernando Perez-Tellez, David Pinto, John Cardiff, Paolo Rosso
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue (2009)

The analysis of blogs is emerging as an exciting new area in the text processing field which attempts to harness and exploit the vast quantity of information being published by individuals. However, their particular characteristics (shortness, vocabulary size and nature, etc.) make it difficult to achieve good results using automated clustering techniques. Moreover, the fact that many blogs may be considered to be narrow domain means that exploiting external linguistic resources can have limited value. In this paper, we present a methodology to improve the performance of clustering techniques on blogs, which does not rely on external resources. Our results show that this technique can produce significant improvements in the quality of clusters produced.
A randomized string kernel and its application to RNA interference
Authors: Shibin Qiu, Terran Lane, Ljubomir Buturovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1 (2007)

String kernels directly model sequence similarities without the necessity of extracting numerical features in a vector space. Since they better capture complex traits in the sequences, string kernels often achieve better prediction performance. RNA interference is an important biological mechanism with many therapeutical applications, where strings can be used to represent target messenger RNAs and initiating short RNAs and string kernels can be applied for learning and prediction. However, existing string kernels are not particularly developed for RNA applications. Moreover, most existing string kernels are n-gram based and suffer from high dimensionality and inability of preserving subsequence orderings. We propose a randomized string kernel for use with support vector regression with a purpose of better predicting silencing efficacy scores for the candidate sequences and eventually improving the efficiency of biological experiments. We show the positive definiteness of this kernel and give an analysis of randomization error rates. Empirical results on biological data demonstrate that the proposed kernel performed better than existing string kernels and achieved significant improvements over kernels computed from numerical descriptors extracted according to structural and thermodynamic rules. In addition, it is computationally more efficient.
An Appraisal to Assess the Security of Database Configurations
Authors: Afonso Araújo Neto, Marco Vieira, Henrique Madeira
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Dependability (2009)

Database Management Systems (DBMS) have a long tradition in high security and several mechanisms needed to protect data have been proposed/consolidated in the database arena. However, the effectiveness of those mechanisms is very dependent on the actual configuration chosen by the database administrator. Tuning a large database is quite complex and achieving high security is a very difficult task that requires a lot of expertise and continuous and proactive work. In this paper we present an assessment tool aimed at evaluating the security of DBMS configurations. The proposed tool is simple and effective, and can be used by administrators with very little security knowledge. We evaluate the tool by performing the assessment of four different real database installations based on four well-known and widely used DBMS engines.
Staging Urban Interactions with Media Façades
Authors: Martin Brynskov, Peter Dalsgaard, Tobias Ebsen, Jonas Fritsch, Kim Halskov, Rune Nielsen
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I (2009)

Using media façades as a subcategory of urban computing, this paper contributes to the understanding of spatial interaction, sense-making, and social mediation as part of identifying key characteristics of interaction with media façades. Our research addresses in particular the open-ended but framed nature of interaction, which in conjunction with varying interpretations enables individual sense-making. Moreover, we contribute to the understanding of flexible social interaction by addressing urban interaction in relation to distributed attention, shared focus, dialogue and collective action. Finally we address challenges for interaction designers encountered in a complex spatial setting calling for a need to take into account multiple viewing and action positions. Our research-through-design approach has included a real-life design intervention in terms of the design, implementation, and reflective evaluation of a 180 m2 (1937 square feet) interactive media façade in operation 24/7 for more than 50 days.
New Hitch Haiku: An Interactive Renku Poem Composition Supporting Tool Applied for Sightseeing Navigation System
Authors: Xiaofeng Wu, Naoko Tosa, Ryohei Nakatsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Entertainment Computing (2009)

As is well-known, cultures are rooted in their unique regions, histories and languages. Communication media have been developed to circulate these cultural characteristics. As a part of our research "Cultural Computing", which means the translation of cultures using scientific methods representing essential aspects of Japanese culture[1], an interactive Renku poem generation supporting system was developed to study the reproduction of a traditional Japanese Renku by computer. This system extended the functionality of our previous Hitch-Haiku system to the Renku based on same association method and attached more cultural characteristics on it: the Renku verse displayed on the Japanese-style color pattern which represents the same season in Renku Kigo (seasonal reference) and the generated Renku verse including the information of sightseeing place.
Using Context to Identify Difficult Driving Situations in Unstructured Environments
Authors: Kevin R. Dixon, Justin D. Basilico, Chris Forsythe, Wilhelm E. Kincses
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

We present a context-based machine-learning approach for identifying difficult driving situations using sensor data that is readily available in commercial vehicles. The goal of this system is improve vehicle safety by alerting drivers to potentially dangerous situations. The context-based approach is a two-step learning process by first performing unsupervised learning to discover meaningful regularities, or "contexts," in the vehicle data and then performing supervised learning, mapping the current context to a measure of driving difficulty. To validate the benefit of this approach, we collected driving data from a set of experiments involving both on-road and off-road driving tasks in unstructured environments. We demonstrate that context recognition greatly improves the performance of identifying difficult driving situations and show that the driving-difficulty system achieves a human level of performance on cross-validation data.
Common Understanding of Graphic Image Enhance "Emotional Design"
Authors: Hisashi Shima
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

The object of this research is to investigate the empathy of the brand design attribute to development of the product design, software screen and web site design. At early phase of the development "Empathy" is one of the important matters of emotional design. To share of the target verbal and image help to common understanding of the product characteristic, it can assume height efficiency of the development.
A Hybrid Metaheuristic for Biclustering Based on Scatter Search and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Juan A. Nepomuceno, Alicia Troncoso, Jesús S. Aguilar---Ruiz
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics (2009)

In this paper a hybrid metaheuristic for biclustering based on Scatter Search and Genetic Algorithms is presented. A general scheme of Scatter Search has been used to obtain high---quality biclusters, but a way of generating the initial population and a method of combination based on Genetic Algorithms have been chosen. Experimental results from yeast cell cycle and human B-cell lymphoma are reported. Finally, the performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is compared with a genetic algorithm recently published.