ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reliability of single-electron logic gates
Authors: Mawahib Hussein Sulieman
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Microelectronics, nanoelectronics, optoelectronics (2007)

This paper investigates the relationship between a single-electron gate probability of failure and the random variations affecting its elements. The study focuses on digital logic gates and circuits. Two major implementations are considered: static complementary logic gates and threshold logic gates (TLG). In addition to implementation, the effect of the gate fan-in on the reliability is investigated. The results show that the type of implementation strongly affects the gate's intrinsic robustness to variations. A static SET gate has a higher probability of failure than a SET TLG implementing the same function. Regarding fan-in, the results show that the probability of failure of TLGs increases with increasing fan-in. The results of this study indicate that the neural inspired threshold logic gates are more suitable for the emerging SET technology than the static complementary gates used in current technology.
Quality attribute game: a game theory based techniquefor software architecture design
Authors: Kiran Kumar Vajja, Prabhakar TV
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd India software engineering conference (2009)

Game Theory is the study of multi-person behavior where the decision of one player affects the decisions of others; concepts such as Nash Equilibrium, Pareto optimality etc. analyze the optimal strategies of the players in a particular situation. In Software Architecture Design, various Quality Attributes (QAs) affect each other and the designer makes decisions based on the effectiveness of an architecture solution (AS) at the given scenario, its side-effects on other QAs, and priorities of QAs. One way to automate the architecture design process is to model the conflicting behavior of QAs as a game-theoretic problem and apply the concepts in game theory for optimal design decision analysis.
Design and control simulations of ISOGLIDE3 parallel robot
Authors: Sergiu-Dan Stan, Radu Balan, Vistrian Maties, Emil Teutan, Tudor Vlad
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied informatics and communications (2008)

The paper presents the design and control simulations of ISOGLIDE3 parallel robot. An innovative user interface for high-level control of a 3 DOF parallel robot is also presented. The robot interface using virtual reality was verified and tested, and results in MATLAB, Simulink, and SimMechanics were presented. The ISOGLIDE3 robot offers the superior characteristics with regards to the other parallel manipulators, such as the light weight construction.
Architecture Reconstruction
Authors: Rainer Koschke
Venue: Software Engineering: International Summer Schools, ISSSE 2006-2008, Salerno, Italy, Revised Tutorial Lectures (2009)

Software architectures are described by different views which depend upon the concerns of the respective stakeholders. Far too often, software architectures are not documented sufficiently. In such cases, an architecture description must be reconstructed when changes to the system are to be made.This article summarizes the current state of the art of techniques and methods for software architecture reconstruction and relates them to the viewpoints that have been proposed in architecture design. The article identifies research opportunities based on the comparison.
Analytical expression of explicit MPC solution via lattice piecewise-affine function
Authors: Chengtao Wen, Xiaoyan Ma, B. Erik Ydstie
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2009)

An analytical expression of the explicit solution to linear model predictive control (MPC) is proposed by the introduction of a lattice piecewise-affine (PWA) function. A systematic procedure is developed for building a lattice PWA representation from a continuous explicit MPC solution obtained by a multi-parametric program. A simple method is presented to remove the redundant parameters in the lattice expression of MPC control laws. The effectiveness of this approach is supported by the study of three benchmark MPC problems. The proposed analytical expression provides a very efficient and practically viable method for implementing the explicit MPC solutions regarding its online calculation and memory space requirements.
Multisensor based security robot system for intelligent building
Authors: Ren C. Luo, Tung Y. Lin, Kuo L. Su
Venue: Robotics and Autonomous Systems (2009)

Intelligent building can provide safety, convenience, efficiency and entertainment for life in the 21st century. The most importance role of the intelligent building is the security system. We develop a multi sensor-based intelligent security robot (ISR) that is widely employed in intelligent buildings. The intelligent security robot can detect abnormal and dangerous situations and notify users. The robot has the shape of cylinder and its diameter, height, and weight are 50 cm, 130 cm and 100 kg respectively. The function of the ISR contains six parts. There is the software development system; avoiding obstacle and motion planning system, image system, sensor system, remote supervise system and other systems. We develop a multi sensor-based sensor system in the ISR. We use multiple multisensor fusion algorithms to get an exact decision in the detection subsystem of the sensor system. There is an adaptive fusion method, a rule based method, and a statistical signal method. We demonstrate the remote supervisory system to control the ISR using a direct control mode and a behavior control mode. We think that the man-machine interface in a security robot system must have mobility and convenience. Therefore, we use a touch screen to display the system state, and design a general user interface (GUI) to service the user and visitors. The user can remotely control the appliance using a cell phone through a GSM modem, too. The appliance module can feedback reaction results to the user through a cell phone. Finally, we implement the fire detection system in the intelligent security robot (Chung-Cheng-I). If a fire occurs, the intelligent security robot can find out the fire source using the fire detection system. In intruder detection, we program the same scenario to detect the intruder using the intelligent security robot. The intelligent security robot transmits the message of the detection result to the user using a GSM modem for a fire event or intruder, and transmits the detection result to a client computer through the internet.
How search and its subtasks scale in N robots
Authors: Huadong Wang, Michael Lewis, Prasanna Velagapudi, Paul Scerri, Katia Sycara
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction (2009)

The present study investigates the effect of the number of controlled robots on performance of an urban search and rescue (USAR) task using a realistic simulation. Participants controlled either 4, 8, or 12 robots. In the fulltask control condition participants both dictated the robots' paths and controlled their cameras to search for victims. In the exploration condition, participants directed the team of robots in order to explore as wide an area as possible. In the perceptual search condition, participants searched for victims by controlling cameras mounted on robots following predetermined paths selected to match characteristics of paths generated under the other two conditions. By decomposing the search and rescue task into exploration and perceptual search subtasks the experiment allows the determination of their scaling characteristics in order to provide a basis for tentative task allocations among humans and automation for controlling larger robot teams. In the fulltask control condition task performance increased in going from four to eight controlled robots but deteriorated in moving from eight to twelve. Workload increased monotonically with number of robots. Performance per robot decreased with increases in team size. Results are consistent with earlier studies suggesting a limit of between 8-12 robots for direct human control.
Analysis of complexity of requirements: a metrics based approach
Authors: Ananya Kanjilal, Sabnam Sengupta, Swapan Bhattacharya
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd India software engineering conference (2009)

In this paper we have developed a metrics based model that will help in quantitatively estimating complexity of requirements for object oriented development methodology. Use Case point is a well-known metrics used for estimation based on use cases. Our model goes a step forward and provides a measurement methodology based on other design models like sequence and class diagrams. This metrics model is based on a formal model using Z notation and implemented using a XML based approach. Measuring complexity of a requirement in terms of design elements will help in validating estimates in the design phase and project management in the long run.
Webometric analysis of departments of librarianship and information science: a follow-up study
Authors: Mónica Arakaki, Peter Willett
Venue: Journal of Information Science (2009)

This paper reports an analysis of the websites of UK departments of library and information science. Inlink counts of these websites revealed no statistically significant correlation with the quality of the research carried out by these departments, as quantified using departmental grades in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise and citations in Google Scholar to publications submitted for that exercise. Reasons for this lack of correlation include: difficulties in disambiguating departmental websites from larger institutional structures; the relatively small amount of research-related material in departmental websites; and limitations in the ways that current web search engines process linkages to URLs. It is concluded that departmental-level webometric analyses do not at present provide an appropriate technique for evaluating academic research quality, and, more generally, that standards are needed for the formatting of URLs if inlinks are to become firmly established as a tool for website analysis.
An augmented reality weather system
Authors: Marko Heinrich, Bruce H. Thomas, Stefan Mueller, Christian Sandor
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (2008)

This paper presents ARWeather, a simulation application, which can simulate three types of precipitation: rain, snow, and hail. We examined a range of weather phenomenon and how they may be simulated in a mobile augmented reality system. ARWeather was developed and deployed on the Tinmith wearable computer system to enable autonomous and free movement for the user. The user can move freely inside the simulated weather without limitation. The result of this work, the ARWeather application, has been evaluated with a user study to determine the user's acceptance and draw conclusions to the applicability of augmented reality simulated weather.
STI stress aware placement optimization based on geometric programming
Authors: Jing Li, Bo Yang, Xiaochuan Hu, Qing Dong, Shigetoshi Nakatake
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2009)

Shallow trench isolation(STI) is the mainstream CMOS isolation technology for advanced integrated circuits. While STI process gives the isolation benefits due to its scalable characteristics, exploiting the compressive stress exerted by STI wells on device active regions to improve performance of devices has been one of the major industry focuses. However, in the present research of VLSI physical design, there has no yet a global optimization methodology on the whole chip layout to control the size of the STI wells, which affects the stress magnitude along with the size of active region of transistors. In this paper, we present a novel methodology that is capable of determining globally the optimal STI well width following the chip placement stage. The methodology is based on the observation that both of the terms in charge of chip width minimization and transistor channel mobility optimization in the objective function can be modeled as posynomials of the design variables, that is, the width of STI wells. Then, this stress aware placement optimization problem could be solved efficiently as a convex geometric programming (GP) problem. Finally, by a MOSEK GP problem solver, we do our STI width aware placement optimization on the given placements of some GSRC and IBM-PLACE benchmarks. Experiment results demonstrated that our methodology can obtain decent results with an acceptable runtime when satisfy the necessary location constraints from DRC specifications.
Study about the possibility of flicker effect simulation caused by nonlinear power loads
Authors: Manuela Panoiu, Caius Panoiu, Ioan Sora, Raluca Rob
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Systems theory and scientific computation (2008)

The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a very large power load, determining the negative effects on the power quality: flicker effect, harmonics currents, unbalanced load, and reactive power. These negative effects are due to the nonlinear characteristic of the electric arc. This paper present a study based on simulation about flicker effect caused by Ultra High Power Electric Arc Furnace (UHP-EAF). For simulation it was use an electric arc model, depending on the nonlinearity of the electric arc. The model was validating using measurements made in an industrial plant in Romania.
Body/persona/action!: emerging non-anthropomorphic communication and interaction in virtual worlds
Authors: Jacquelyn Ford Morie, Gustav Verhulsdonck
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (2008)

Avatars are traditionally understood as representing their human counterparts in virtual contexts by incorporating many aspects of a person's real world physical characteristics within the virtual form. An alternate approach, in which avatars are instead imbued with non-human characteristics, challenges the limitations of solely anthropomorphic principles and expands the potential of avatars for virtual world interaction and communication. This paper provides a brief history of non-anthropomorphic avatars, with a focus on exploring the current use of such avatars in virtual worlds. In order to explain the shift in degree of anthropomorphism, we discuss Goffman's theory of symbolic interactionism, which holds that the self is constructed as a persona through social performance and relates identity to social behavior rather than appearance. Since non-anthropomorphic avatars are persistent characters engaged in a prolonged performance in virtual worlds, their use also may motivate emerging social mores, politics and ideologies. This paper argues that such avatar species create new social interactions and modes of communication that may signal interesting directions for future research.
Contactless electroreflectance of GaInN/AlInN multi quantum wells: The issue of broadening of optical transitions
Authors: R. Kudrawiec, M. Gladysiewicz, M. Motyka, J. Misiewicz, G. Cywiński, M. Siekacz, C. Skierbiszewski
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

Contactless electroreflectance (CER) has been applied to investigate the energy and broadening of the fundamental transition for GaInN/AlInN multi quantum wells (MQWs) with the width varies from 1.3 to 1.8nm. It has been found that the broadening of GaInN bulk-like transition equals ~280meV and increases significantly going to GaInN quantum wells (QWs). In order to explain experimental data, a simple theoretical analysis has been performed. It has been shown that the observed variation of broadening for the fundamental transition is associated with the QW width fluctuations. In addition, it has been estimated that the maximal width fluctuations in these MQWs equal ~2ML (~30% of the QW width). Such a significant QW width fluctuations are attributed to the incorporation of indium atoms into this material system.
ACM-W celebrates women in computing
Authors: Elaine Weyuker
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2009)

Computer science is no longer the hot, high-enrollment field it once was.
Snobol languages
Authors: Ralph E. Griswold, James F. Gimpel, Robert B. K. Dewar, Paul J. Santos, David R. Hanson
Venue: Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition (1974)

SNOBOL has developed from simple string processing to a sophisticated general purpose programming language. This session will consist of brief presentations and discussions by panelists who have played major roles in the design, implementation, and application of the SNOBOL languages. The panel will be available for questions from the audience.
Adaptive PID Gain Tuning Using Fuzzy Logic and Additional External Performance Index Reference for Controlling Robot Manipulator
Authors: Narbeh Nahapetian, Mohamad Reza Jahed Motlagh, Morteza Analoui
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

This paper addresses an application that involves the control of robot manipulator joint. It tries to explore the potential of using soft computing methodologies in control of plant (robot manipulator) with unknown internal behavior. It presents a PID tuning method that uses a Fuzzy Logic as a main gain estimator and a signal analyzer, which extract some Performance Indexes (Over Shot, Rise Time and Steady State Error) from controller error signal. By defining these PI parameters and the one which is available as an external reference, the controller tries to match its output to reach the desired PI. The suggested approach is used to tune the PID gains for different response specifications. Experimental results demonstrate that better performance can be achieved with this EPIR-Fuzzy Logic (External Performance Index Reference) based PID tuning.Robot manipulator was used as case study in this work and it is simulated with professional simulation software package.
A Study on the Method of Image Pre-processing for Recognition of Crop Diseases
Authors: Geng Ying, Li Miao, Yuan Yuan, Hu Zelin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

Regarding the cucumber powdery mildew, speckle and downy mildew as examples, the method of image pre-processing for recognizing crop diseases was studied. This paper compared the effect of two filters—Simple filter and Median filter, and at last we chose median filter to wipe out the disturbance of noise effectively, and two-apex method was applied to separate the disease images from the background. Disease spots were separated through performing image edge detection and Snake model, and the latter got more desired result. Thus the image pre-processing made a good foundation for following effective characteristic parameters for the disease diagnoses and setting up pattern recognition system.
The Design of a Generic Intrusion-Tolerant Architecture for Web Servers
Authors: Ayda Saidane, Vincent Nicomette, Yves Deswarte
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (2009)

Nowadays, more and more information systems are connected to the Internet and offer Web interfaces to the general public or to a restricted set of users. Such openness makes them likely targets for intruders, and conventional protection techniques have been shown insufficient to prevent all intrusions in such open systems. This paper proposes a generic architecture to implement intrusion-tolerant Web servers. This architecture is based on redundancy and diversification principles, in order to increase the system resilience to attacks: usually, an attack targets a particular software, running on a particular platform, and fails on others. The architecture is composed of redundant proxies that mediate client requests to a redundant bank of diversified COTS\footnote{Commercial Off The Shelf.} application servers. The redundancy is deployed here to increase system availability and integrity. To improve performance, adaptive redundancy is applied: the redundancy level is selected according to the current alert level. The architecture can be used for static servers, i.e., for Web distribution of stable information (updated off-line), as well as for fully dynamic systems where information updates are executed immediately on an on-line database. The feasibility of this architecture has been demonstrated by implementing an example of a travel agency Web server.
A heuristic approach for K-coverage extension with energy-efficient sleep scheduling in sensor networks
Authors: Kenji Leibnitz, Indika Suranjith Abeyweera, Naoki Wakamiya, Masayuki Murata
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Sytems (2008)

In this paper we consider the problem of coverage in a wireless sensor network where nodes already have been previously deployed. Our goal is to design an efficient strategy to add further nodes for achieving a certain target K-coverage throughout the entire monitoring region. A heuristic approach based on a dynamic model resembling gas bubbles is applied to solve this problem. Once the additional coverage has been reached, each node uses a self-organizing mechanism to determine its sleep schedule, depending on the activity of its surrounding nodes.
Improving software testing in large data processing organizations
Authors: M. A. Holthouse, C. W. Lybrook
Venue: Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference (1981)

Software testing is one of the most critical tasks performed by a large data processing organization. Testing is important in the development of new systems, but it may have an even greater impact on the maintenance of the production systems. In spite of this, testing is rarely approached in the same disciplined manner as are other software production activities. Perhaps as a result of this situation, an organization can often achieve significant improvements in both software testing effectiveness and efficiency through a relatively low-cost investment in testing methodologies, tools, and techniques. This paper describes just such an investment undertaken by the Information Services Group of Chemical Bank. Particular emphasis is placed on how this program for testing improvement was implemented, in addition to what it consists of. Finally, results of the program to date are presented and analyzed.
The Numerical Spherically Symmetric Modeling of Deep-Seated Geodynamics
Authors: A. V. Vyatkin, V. V. Shaidurov, G. I. Shchepanovskaya
Venue: Numerical Analysis and Its Applications: 4th International Conference, NAA 2008, Lozenetz, Bulgaria, June 16-20, 2008. Revised Selected Papers (2009)

In this paper a computer model is proposed which allows one to consider geodynamics processes of the Earth's expansion, contraction, heating and cooling. Geosphere dynamics is studied in the framework of a viscous heat-conducting compressible medium where medium density and viscosity vary with time and space. This model includes the Earth's crust, mantle, and the core as well.