ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Can Forwarding Loops Appear When Activating iBGP Multipath Load Sharing?
Authors: Simon Balon, Guy Leduc
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Asian conference on Internet Engineering: Sustainable Internet (2007)

We analyse the possible consequences of activating iBGP multipath load sharing in a given domain (or AS), which allows for load balancing over multiple exit routers. It has been stated that interdomain routing loops may appear in this case. We show that under reasonable assumptions (which reflect commercial relationships between ASes) such routing loops cannot appear. Furthermore we show that even if theses assumptions are not met, routing loops can only be transient.
How Neural Computing Can Still Be Unconventional After All These Years
Authors: Michael A. Arbib
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Unconventional Computation (2007)

Attempts to infer a technology from the computing style of the brain have often focused on general learning styles, such as Hebbian learning, supervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The present talk will place such studies in a broader context based on the diversity of structures in the mammalian brain --- not only does the cerebral cortex have many regions with their own distinctive characteristics, but their architecture differs drastically from that of basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, etc. We will discuss all this within a comparative, evolutionary context. The talk will make the case for a brain-inspired computing architecture which complements the bottom-up design of diverse styles of adaptive subsystem with a top-level design which melds a variety of such subsystems to best match the capability of the integrated system to the demands of a specific range of physical or informational environments.This talk will be a sequel to Arbib, M.A., 2003, Towards a neurally-inspired computer architecture, Natural computing, 2:1-46, but the exposition will be self-contained.
New precursors for CVD copper metallization
Authors: John A. T. Norman, Melanie Perez, Stefan E. Schulz, Thomas Waechtler
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

A novel CVD copper process is described using two new copper CVD precursors, KI3 and KI5, for the fabrication of IC or TSV (Through Silicon Via) copper interconnects. The highly conformal CVD copper can provide seed layers for subsequent copper electroplating or can be used to directly fabricate the interconnect in one step. These new precursors are thermally stable yet chemically reactive under CVD conditions, growing copper films of exceptionally high purity at high growth rates. Their thermal stability can allow for elevated evaporation temperatures to generate the high precursor vapor pressures needed for deep penetration into high aspect ratio TSV vias. Using formic acid vapor as a reducing gas with KI5, copper films of >99.99 atomic % purity were grown at 250^oC on titanium nitride at a growth rate of > 1500A/min. Using tantalum nitride coated TSV type wafers, ~ 1700A of highly conformal copper was grown at 225^oC into 32 @mmx5 @mm trenches with good adhesion. With ruthenium barriers we were able to grow copper at 125^oC at a rate of 20A/min to give a continuous ~ 300A copper film. In this respect, rapid low temperature CVD copper growth offers an alternative to the long cycle times associated with copper ALD which can contribute to copper agglomeration occurring.
Nine Things You Can Do with Old Software
Authors: Grady Booch
Venue: IEEE Software (2008)

Every new line of code quickly becomes legacy. When that legacy mounts, it forms a significantly massive pile of software, which cannot be ignored. This article discusses what we can do intentionally with such piles, from abandonment to evolution and many things in between.
Nested Precedence Networks with Alternatives: Recognition, Tractability, and Models
Authors: Roman Barták, Ondřej Čepek
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications (2008)

Integrated modeling of temporal and logical constraints is important for solving real-life planning and scheduling problems. Logical constrains extend the temporal formalism by reasoning about alternative activities in plans/schedules. Temporal Networks with Alternatives (TNA) were proposed to model alternative and parallel processes, however the problem of deciding which activities can be consistently included in such networks is NP-complete. Therefore a tractable subclass of Temporal Networks with Alternatives was proposed. This paper shows formal properties of these networks where precedence constraints are assumed. Namely, an algorithm that effectively recognizes whether a given network belongs to the proposed sub-class is studied and the proof of tractability is given by proposing a constraint model where global consistency is achieved via arc consistency.
A novel domain oriented approach for scientific grid workflow composition
Authors: Jun Qin, Thomas Fahringer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2008)

Existing knowledge based Grid workflow languages and composition tools require sophisticated expertise of domain scientists in order to automate the process of managing workflows and its components (activities). So far semantic workflow specification and management has not been addressed from a general and integrated perspective. This paper presents a novel domain oriented approach which features separations of concerns between data meaning and data representation and between activity function (semantic description of workflow activities) and activity type (syntactic description of workflow activities). These separations are implemented as part of Abstract Grid Workflow Language (AGWL) which supports the development of Grid workflows at a high level (semantic) of abstraction. The corresponding workflow composition tool simplifies Grid workflow composition by (i) enabling users to compose Grid workflows at the level of data meaning and activity function that shields the complexity of the Grid, any specific implementation technology (e.g. Web or Grid service) and any specific data representation, (ii) semi-automatic data flow composition, and (iii) automatic data conversions. We have implemented our approach as part of the ASKALON Grid application development and computing environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to a real world meteorology workflow application and report some preliminary results. Our approach can also be adapted to other scientific domains by developing the corresponding ontologies for those domains.
Holistic and partial facial features fusion by binary particle swarm optimization
Authors: Xiaorong Pu, Zhang Yi, Zhongjie Fang
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2008)

This paper proposes a novel binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm using artificial immune system (AIS) for face recognition. Inspired by face recognition ability in human visual system (HVS), this algorithm fuses the information of the holistic and partial facial features. The holistic facial features are extracted by using principal component analysis (PCA), while the partial facial features are extracted by non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints (NMFs). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is then applied to enhance adaptability to illumination and expression. The proposed algorithm is used to select the fusion rules by minimizing the Bayesian error cost. The fusion rules are finally applied for face recognition. Experimental results using UMIST and ORL face databases show that the proposed fusion algorithm outperforms individual algorithm based on PCA or NMFs.
Scale Free Interval Graphs
Authors: Naoto Miyoshi, Takeya Shigezumi, Ryuhei Uehara, Osamu Watanabe
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management (2008)

Scale free graphs have attracted attention by their non-uniform structure that can be used as a model for various social and physical networks. In this paper, we propose a natural and simple random model for generating scale free interval graphs. The model generates a set of intervals randomly, which defines a random interval graph. The main advantage of the model is its simpleness. The structure/properties of the generated graphs are analyzable by relatively simple probabilistic and/or combinatorial arguments, which is different from the most of the other models for which we need to approximate the processes by certain differential equations. We indeed show that the distribution of degrees follows power law, and it achieves large cluster coefficient.
From UML Activities to TAAL - Towards Behaviour-Preserving Model Transformations
Authors: Gregor Engels, Anneke Kleppe, Arend Rensink, Maria Semenyak, Christian Soltenborn, Heike Wehrheim
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th European conference on Model Driven Architecture: Foundations and Applications (2008)

Model transformations support a model-driven design by providing an automatic translation of abstract models into more concrete ones, and eventually program code. Crucial to a successful application of model transformations is their correctness, in the sense that the meaning (semantics) of the models is preserved. This is especially important if the models not only describe the structure but also the intended behaviour of the systems. Reasoning about and showing correctness is, however, often impossible as the source and target models typically lack a precise definition of their semantics.In this paper, we take a first step towards provably correct behavioural model transformations. In particular, we develop transformations from UML Activities (which are visual models) to programs in TAAL, which is a textual Java-like programming language. Both languages come equipped with formal behavioural semantics, which, moreover, have the same semantic domain. This sets the stage for showing correctness, which in this case comes down to showing that the behaviour of every (well-formed) UML Activity coincides with that of the corresponding TAAL program, in a well-defined sense.
SRL without Tears: An ILP Perspective
Authors: Kristian Kersting
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Inductive Logic Programming (2008)

Statistical relational learning addresses one of the central questions of artificial intelligence: the integration of probabilistic reasoning with first order logic representations and machine learning. A rich variety of different formalisms and learning techniques have been developed. This tutorial provides an gentle introduction to and an overview of the state-of-the-art in statistical relational learning. It starts from classical settings for inductive logic programming and shows how they can be extended with probabilistic methods. It touches upon lifted inference and recent developments in nonparametric approaches to statistical relational learning. While doing so, it reviews state-of-the-art statistical relational learning approaches.
Inefficiency in self-organized attentional switching in the normal aging population is associated with decreased activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Adam Hampshire, Aleksandra Gruszka, Sean J. Fallon, Adrian M. Owen
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2008)

Studies of the aging brain have demonstrated that areas of the frontal cortex, along with their associated top-down executive control processes, are particularly prone to the neurodegenerative effects of age. Here, we investigate the effects of aging on brain and behavior using a novel task, which allows us to examine separate components of an individual's chosen strategy during routine problem solving. Our findings reveal that, contrary to previous suggestions of a specific decrease in cognitive flexibility, older participants show no increased level of perseveration to either the recently rewarded object or the recently relevant object category. In line with this lack of perseveration, lateral and medial regions of the orbito-frontal cortex, which are associated with inhibitory control and reward processing, appear to be functionally intact. Instead, a general loss of efficient problem-solving strategy is apparent with a concomitant decrease in neural activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is also affected during problem solving, but age-related decline within this region appears to occur at a later stage.
Supporting User-Defined Notations When Integrating Scientific Text-Editors with Proof Assistance Systems
Authors: Serge Autexier, Armin Fiedler, Thomas Neumann, Marc Wagner
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th symposium on Towards Mechanized Mathematical Assistants: 6th International Conference (2007)

In order to foster the use of proof assistance systems, we integrated the proof assistance system ¿mega with the standard scientific text-editor ${\rm\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}$ $_{\rm {\sc MACS}}$. We aim at a document-centric approach to formalizing and verifying mathematics and software. Assisted by the proof assistance system, the author writes her document entirely inside the text-editor in a language she is used to, that is a mixture of natural language and formulas in ${\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}$ style. We present a basic mechanism that allows the author to define her own notation inside a document in a natural way, and use it to parse the formulas written by the author as well as to render the formulas generated by the proof assistance system. To make this mechanism effectively usable in an interactive and dynamic authoring environment, we extend it to efficiently accommodate modifications of notations, to track dependencies to ensure the right order of notations and formulas, to use the hierarchical structure of theories to prevent ambiguities, and to reuse concepts together with their notation from other documents.
An Intelligent Web-Based Learning System for Group Collaboration Using Contracts
Authors: Henri Eberspächer, Michelle Joab
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

In this paper we introduce an Intelligent Web-Based Learning System Virtus which supports role-based collaboration using a group contract model (a charter) based on roles and rules. The originality of our work consists, on the one hand, in proposing a declarative language to express contracts using declarative rules, commitments and role responsibilities and, on the other hand, in automatically executing the contract thanks to a knowledge-based system.
Complex Hardware Modules Can Now be Made Free of Functional Errors without Sacrificing Productivity
Authors: Wolfram Büttner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Abstract State Machines, B and Z (2008)

Complementary to the systems and software focus of the conference, this presentation will be about chips and the progress that has been made in their functional verification. Common ground will be high-level, still cycleaccurate, state-based models of hardware functionalities called Abstract RT. RT stands for register transfer descriptions of hardware such as VHDL or Verilog. An Abstract RT model is a formal specification which permits an automated formal comparison with its implementation, thus detecting any functional discrepancy between code and formal specification.The first part of the presentation will sketch the big picture: Moore`s Law still holds and permits building huge chips comprising up to hundreds of millions of gates. Under the constraints of shrinking budgets and development times, these so-called systems-on-chip (SoC) can no longer be developed from scratch but must largely be assembled from pre-designed, pre-verified design components such as processors, controllers, a plethora of peripherals and large amounts of memories. Therefore, getting a SoC right depends to a large extent on the quality of these design components - IP for short. At stake are critical errors making it into silicon. These may cost millions of Euros due to delayed market entry, additional engineering and re-production efforts. Hence, the lion's share of today's verification efforts goes into the functional verification of such IP.
Locally Linear Discriminant Embedding for Tumor Classification
Authors: Chun-Hou Zheng, Bo Li, Lei Zhang, Hong-Qiang Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications - with Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (2008)

In this paper, followed the assumption that the gene expression data of tumor may be sampled from the data with a probability distribution on a sub-manifold of ambient space, a supervised version of locally linear embedding (LLE), named locally linear discriminant embedding (LLDE), is proposed for tumor classification. In the proposed algorithm, we construct a vector translation and distance rescaling model to enhance the recognition ability of the original LLE from two aspects. To validate the efficiency, the proposed method is applied to classify two different DNA microarray datasets. The prediction results show that our method is efficient and feasible.
Monitoring of Grid scientific workflows
Authors: Bartosz Balis, Marian Bubak, Bartłomiej Łabno
Venue: Scientific Programming (2008)

Scientific workflows are a means of conducting in silico experiments in modern computing infrastructures for e-Science, often built on top of Grids. Monitoring of Grid scientific workflows is essential not only for performance analysis but also to collect provenance data and gather feedback useful in future decisions, e.g., related to optimization of resource usage. In this paper, basic problems related to monitoring of Grid scientific workflows are discussed. Being highly distributed, loosely coupled in space and time, heterogeneous, and heavily using legacy codes, workflows are exceptionally challenging from the monitoring point of view. We propose a Grid monitoring architecture for scientific workflows. Monitoring data correlation problem is described and an algorithm for on-line distributed collection of monitoring data is proposed. We demonstrate a prototype implementation of the proposed workflow monitoring architecture, the GEMINI monitoring system, and its use for monitoring of a real-life scientific workflow.
Adaptive Search Results Personalized by a Fuzzy Recommendation Approach
Authors: Philipp Fischer, André Berton, Andreas Nürnberger
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems (2008)

The cognitive load of the driver in future vehicles will be increased by a larger number of integrated or connected devices and by a higher complexity of applications covering various vehicle-related tasks and other information. Aspects of perception relevant to interaction design of adaptive and multimodal interfaces are discussed. We propose an extension of a system architecture for user-adaptive information presentation in order to cope with high information load in a multimodal interface. Visual information and speech are used as output channels, and manual input and speech as input channels. In the system, current information from the Internet can be queried by natural language question-answering dialogs using frame-based dialog management. A fuzzy recommendation approach is described in detail and used in the system for structuring content items according to the user preferences. In addition to such a personalized visual list of topic areas for an initial choice, an adaptive ranking is applied to acoustical speech output. The item that relates best to the driver's preferences is read out first by text-to-speech. Therefore, the first items presented to the user are ought to be of high interest. Cognitive load can potentially be decreased by our approach for the task of choosing one item out of a sequence of alternatives in working memory. The choice can be immediately performed by using the barge-in feature.
Some Issues About Cognitive Modelling and Functionalism
Authors: Francesco Gagliardi
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence on AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing (2007)

The aim of this paper is to introduce some methodological issues about cognitive explanatory power of AI systems. We use the new concept of mesoscopic functionalism which is based on links between computational complexity theory and functionalism. This functionalism tries to introduce an unique intermediate, mesoscopic, descriptive level based on the key role of heuristics. The enforcement of constraints at this level can assure a cognitive explanatory power which is not guaranteed from mere selection of modelling technique. So we reconsider the discussions about empirical underdetermination of AI systems, proposed especially for classical systems, and about the research of the "right and unique" technique for cognitive modelling. This allows us to consider the several mainstreams of cognitive artificial intelligence as different attempts to resolve underdetermination and thus, in a way, we can unify them as a manifestation of scientific pluralism.
Resources for Situated Actions
Authors: Gavin Doherty, Jose Campos, Michael Harrison
Venue: Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 15th International Workshop, DSV-IS 2008 Kingston, Canada, July 16-18, 2008 Revised Papers (2008)

In recent years, advances in software tools have made it easier to analyze interactive system specifications, and the range of their possible behaviors. However, the effort involved in producing the specifications of the system is still substantial, and a difficulty exists regarding the specification of plausible behaviors on the part of the user. Recent trends in technology towards more mobile and distributed systems further exacerbates the issue, as contextual factors come in to play, and less structured, more opportunistic behavior on the part of the user makes purely task-based analysis difficult. In this paper we consider a resourced action approach to specification and analysis. In pursuing this approach we have two aims - firstly, to facilitate a resource-based analysis of user activity, allowing resources to be distributed across a number of artifacts, and secondly to consider within the analysis a wider range of plausible and opportunistic user behaviors without a heavy specification overhead, or requiring commitment to detailed user models.
Case-Based Decision Making Model for Supervisory Control of Ore Roasting Process
Authors: Jinliang Ding, Changxin Liu, Ming Wen, Tianyou Chai
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks, Part II (2008)

The shaft furnace roasting process is an important procedure in the mineral processing of the weakly magnetic iron ore. Its technical performance index is called the magnetic tube recovery rate(MTRR), which closely related to the overall performance of the mineral processing. In this paper, we mainly concern on the decision making of the supervisory control of the roasting process to control its MTRR into the target range. This model replaces the human operators to determine the set-points of the lower control loops. The experiment is given to evaluate the proposed model and the results show its validity and efficiency.