ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Built-in Self-test and Defect Tolerance in Molecular Electronics-based Nanofabrics
Authors: Zhanglei Wang, Krishnendu Chakrabarty
Venue: Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (2007)

We propose a built-in self-test (BIST) procedure for nanofabrics implemented using chemically assembled electronic nanotechnology. Several fault detection configurations are presented to target stuck-at faults, shorts, opens, and connection faults in nanoblocks and switchblocks. The detectability of multiple faults in blocks within the nanofabric is also considered. We present an adaptive recovery procedure through which we can identify defect-free nanoblocks and switchblocks in the nanofabric-under-test. The proposed BIST, recovery, and defect tolerance procedures are based on the reconfiguration of the nanofabric to achieve complete fault coverage for different types of faults. We show that a large fraction of defect-free blocks can be recovered using a small number of BIST configurations. We also present simple bounds on the recovery that can be achieved for a given defect density. Simulation results are presented for various nanofabric sizes, different defect densities, and for random and clustered defects. The proposed BIST procedure is well suited for regular and dense architectures that have high defect densities.
Tcl in AltaVista forum
Authors: David Griffin
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop 1997 - Volume 5 (1997)

AltaVista ForumTM is an award-winning collaboration environment based on the open technologies of the World-Wide Web and built on the foundation of the Tcl language [pob]. Using Tcl's inherent extensibility the AltaVista Forum toolkit provides a simple class/inheritance mechanism, an information manager customized for the data storage needs of collaboration applications, and a growing toolkit for creating asynchronous collaboration applications on the Web. This paper details how Tcl has been employed as the basis of a commercial web-based collaboration environment. While the focus of the paper will be on the design and our use of Tcl in AltaVista Forum 98, we will also touch on how the design has evolved over the past three releases of the product.
Role of vision on haptic length perception
Authors: Akinori Kumazaki, Kazunori Terada, Akira Ito
Venue: Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2007)

When a human recognize length of an object while exploring it with their index finger, haptic and visual sensation both provide information for estimating the length of the object. The present study examined the contribution of haptic and visual cues to the subjective estimation of object length while the subject's index finger passively moved. We conducted two experiment (1) to compare performance of unimodal and bimodal length perception and (2) to assess the effect of visual noise on bimodal length perception. The results were as follows; (1) multisensory enhancement was not observed when the visual and haptic presented length was congruent and (2) visual cues were weighted more than haptic cues in the bimodal judgments when noise was 50% or less, haptic cues were weighted more than visual cues when noise was 75% or more, and adding noise to visual stimulus did not decline the performance of length perception. These results suggest that adding noise to visual stimulus contributes to directing attention to either modality but not to weighting sensory inputs.
Designing intelligent tutors that adapt to when students game the system
Authors: Albert T. Corbett, Kenneth R. Koedinger
Venue:  (2006)

Students use intelligent tutors and other types of interactive learning environments in a considerable variety of ways. In this thesis, I detail my work to understand, automatically detect, and re-design an intelligent tutoring system to adapt to a behavior I term "gaming the system". Students who game the system attempt to succeed in the learning environment by exploiting properties of the system rather than by learning the material and trying to use that knowledge to answer correctly. Within this thesis, I present a set of studies aimed towards understanding what effects gaming has on learning, and why students game, using a combination of quantitative classroom observations and machine learning. In the course of these studies, I determine that gaming the system is replicably associated with low learning. I use data from these studies to develop a profile of students who game, showing that gaming students have a consistent pattern of negative affect towards many aspects of their classroom experience and studies. Another part of this thesis is the development and training of a detector that reliably detects gaming, in order to drive adaptive support. In this thesis, I validate that this detector transfers effectively between 4 different lessons within the middle school mathematics tutor curriculum without re-training. This detector uses Latent Response Models (Maris 1995), combining labeled and unlabeled data at different-grain sizes, in order to train a model to accurately indicate both which students were gaming, and when they were gaming, and uses Fast Correlation-Based Filtering (Yu and Liu 2003) to efficiently search the space of potential models. The final part of this thesis is the re-design of an existing intelligent tutoring lesson to respond to gaming. The re-designed lesson incorporates an animated agent ("Scooter the Tutor") who indicates to the student and their teacher whether the student has been gaming recently, and gives students supplemental exercises, in order to offer the student another chance to learn material he/she gamed through. Scooter reduced the frequency of gaming by over half, and Scooter's supplementary exercises were associated with substantially improved learning; Scooter appeared to have little effect on non-gaming students.
SSB subband echo canceller using low-order projection algorithm
Authors: S. Makino
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

This paper proposes a new subband echo canceller that almost fully whitens the received input by using the low-order projection algorithm, or the affine projection algorithm. Since the projection algorithm can fully whiten the received input of a small-tap adaptive filter with a relatively small projection order, the proposed subband projection echo canceller achieves nearly maximum convergence with a small projection order. By reflecting the frequency characteristics of the speech and of the echo path, it allows a different projection order to be chosen in different subbands. This gives the proposed method optimum cost performance, which is promising for implementation.
iPlane: an information plane for distributed services
Authors: Harsha Madhyastha, Tomas Isdal, Michael Piatek, Colin Dixon, Thomas Anderson, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Arun Venkataramani
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 7 (2006)

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of iPlane, a scalable service providing accurate predictions of Internet path performance for emerging overlay services. Unlike the more common black box latency prediction techniques in use today, iPlane adopts a structural approach and predicts end-to-end path performance by composing the performance of measured segments of Internet paths. For the paths we observed, this method allows us to accurately and efficiently predict latency, bandwidth, capacity and loss rates between arbitrary Internet hosts. We demonstrate the feasibility and utility of the iPlane service by applying it to several representative overlay services in use today: content distribution, swarming peer-to-peer filesharing, and voice-over-IP. In each case, using iPlane's predictions leads to improved overlay performance.
An Object Type Graph System
Authors: Cong-Cong Xing
Venue: Proceedings of the First Joint IEEE/IFIP Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2007)

While object types are an abstract specification of object behaviors, object behaviors are significantly affected by method interdependencies in objects. Conventionally, method interdependency information of objects is not reflected in object types. As a result, objects with sufficiently distinct behaviors can be confused to have the same type in conventional type systems, which, among other things, opens the door to let more faulty programs to be compiled and thus weakens the reliability of programs. In this paper, we (1) introduce the notion of object type graphs (OTG) which captures method interdependencies and integrates them into object types; (2) define object typing and subtyping under OTG; (3) demonstrate how problems existing in conventional type systems can be easily resolved under OTG; (4) present an algorithmfor computing object method interdependencies; and (5) provide a soundness proof of the OTG system. We argue that OTG system is one step forward towards increasing the reliability of programs.
An approach to developing partnerships with industry [in education]
Authors: M. S. Munoz
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

The Electrical Engineering Technology (EET) Department at Purdue University, USA, has developed a telecommunications curriculum to meet the increasing need for telecommunication professionals. This paper focuses on the development of the telecommunications curriculum and the laboratory design approach to developing a long-term partnership with GTE Mobilnet and the benefits of an industry-university partnership. This paper also addresses the benefits of faculty-industry internship programs based on the author's experience with GTE Mobilnet.
Testing a problem solving paradigm [engineering education]
Authors: W. Venable
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

In a paper at the 1996 FIE Conference, Morton, Thomas, Walker and Marr (MTWM) related the success of students in an elementary physics course to their use of a problem solving method. The paper suggested that stressing the use of the paradigm could improve student performance. The paradigm: (1) draw; (2) write general equations; (3) evolve operational equations; (4) get an answer; and (5) evaluate, is widely preached in many engineering courses. This paper reports the author's attempts to replicate the results of the MTWM study. During the 1996 fall semester, the author collected copies of final examination papers in several courses, two in engineering mechanics and one in mechanical engineering. The problems selected were ones on which he felt the "expert method" could appropriately be applied. These papers were scored according to the MTWM criteria and the results correlated with the individuals' overall performance. Correlations of the "method" score with "grade" on the same problem and overall examination grade were positive. At the same time, they were small enough to draw the conclusion that the "method" score is related to, but not predictive of overall success on a solution. Given these results, it is suggested that the paradigm not be used as a way of "measuring problem solving". On the other hand, use of the paradigm for studying students' work may be useful if it is done to help study and/or advise students on the communication of problem solutions.
A Symbolic Decision Procedure for Robust Safety of Timed Systems
Authors: Mani Swaminathan, Martin Franzle
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (2007)

Timed Automata (TA) [1] have emerged as an important formalism for the formal modelling and analysis of timed systems. Reachability analysis forms the core of TA-based verification tools such as UPPAAL [2], which implement a zone-based Forward Reachability Analysis (FRA) algorithm. This analysis, however, does not consider realistic models that are robust w.r.t imprecisions such as drift in the clocks. On the other hand, existing techniques for "robust" reachability analysis of TA [3, 4, 5], which deal with such imprecisions, are not straight-forward to implement. The approaches in [3, 4] are region-based, while that of [5], though zone-based, involves a forward and backward fixpoint alternation, and may not necessarily terminate.
A novel handover mechanism for wireless mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: S. Marwaha, D. Srinivasan
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

A novel heuristics-based handover mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is proposed to support real-time communication. The proposed scheme reduces the delay jitter and end-to-end delay arising from hard handover in MANETs where new routes are discovered after the current route is no longer available in between an active communication flow. However, with the proposed algorithm, newer routes are found in advance for active flows by predicting route failures using heuristics which act based on the strength of signal of the received packets. Simulation results show that, using the proposed handover algorithm there is a marked improvement in the jitter and end-to-end delay, especially at high mobility rates which are most vulnerable to frequent route breakages.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Anatomic Rendering and Visualization
Authors: Jim X. Chen, Tianyu Zhang
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2007)

The guest editors for this special issue on anatomic rendering and visualization introduce the field and its current state of the art, along with the articles they've chosen to demonstrate the next steps forward.
A Main Object-oriented Projective Invariant Image Watermarking Approach
Authors: Malik F. Alamaireh
Venue: Proceedings of the Geometric Modelling and Imaging (2007)

Digital Watermarking is a technology that enables to protect distributed digital content from unauthorized reuse. Robust watermarks must be able to survive a range of geometrical "attacks", such as image resizing, cropping, translation, rotation, scaling, smoothing, filtering, and simplification. In the current paper, we extend the existing approaches that are partially based on image invariant features by introducing new image invariant features and exclusively using them. The proposed watermarking method is based on a combination of image processing techniques, theory of geometry, multiple image invariant features, and public key encryption. Experimental results show that the use of such combination of techniques allowed for securing the embedded watermark and for success in image watermark's recovery, even if images were exposed to several geometrical attacks.
Ion track lithography: novel low-cost process to form deep vertical and high aspect ratio MEMS in flexible laminates
Authors: H. Majjad, M. Lindeberg, M. Skupinski, K. Hjort
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

High aspect ratio microstructures are today of utterly importance in MEMS. The process described in this paper can be used to produce deep, vertical microstructures in polyimide based materials, used in e.g. flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs). Stacked polyimide and metal layers have the potential of integrating microelectronic circuits with above applications. The process is capable of producing regions with perpendicular sub-micron metal wire connections at numerous, arbitrarily specified locations. The flexible laminate is irradiated with heavy ions creating a vertical damage anisotropy (ion tracks) in the polymer layer. Lithographically defined apertures in the metallic layer define the geometry. The tracks exposed are selectively developed forming nanometer-wide pores. Metallic structures have been replicated in these pores by electrodeposition of metals. Demonstrator microstructures and highly vertical, through hole microvias have been fabricated. Ion track technology is promising for ultra-high density via batch production and has a potential of further miniaturizing via dimensions.
Don't just talk about the weather - manage it! a system for measuring, monitoring, and managing internet performance and connectivity
Authors: Cindy Bickerstaff, Ken True, Charles Smothers, Tod Oace, Jeff Sedayao, Clinton Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st conference on Conference on Network Administration - Volume 1 (1999)

In an environment where Internet access is mission-critical, Intel has created the Internet Measurement and Control System (IMCS) with three objectives: 1) Devise quantitative measures of Internet performance; 2) Monitor those metrics to detect performance problems before customers and employees start calling; and 3) Enable first line support in the Network Operations Center (NOC) to handle as many problems as possible without having to escalate to network engineering staff. Intel implements IMCS by measuring key statistics of ping measurements, HTTP GETs, and router accounting tables. Boundary conditions are set up for the key statistics, and alerts are sent if those conditions are exceeded. The NOC personnel that receive the alerts use predefined scripts for each kind of alert. To make IMCS accessible to all and very usable, IMCS presents all of its information on the Web. Even network debugging tools like ping and traceroute are accessible through web interfaces. IMCS has proven successful in detecting problems and changes in the Internet infrastructure, although problems have been encountered because of IMCS's active measurement techniques. Future improvements to IMCS include fixing the configuration format of boundary condition definitions, adding more services to be monitored, increasing the use of passive measurements, and improving how alerts are reported.
L/sup 2/ versus L/sup /spl infin// criterion in biomedical image compression (mammograms)
Authors: L. Karray
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

Image compression using L/sup /spl infin//-norm and confidence interval criteria was shown to have some advantages with respect to flexibility and accuracy. The improvements are due to a local control of the distortion, which allows some local knowledge on the original signal to be exploited. The coding scheme is flexible and can perform a large variety of coding qualities, including lossless compression. This quality is fixed a priori according to the use of the reconstructed image. This paper studies the advantages of the L/sup /spl infin//-norm coding technique applied to medical imaging (mammography), compared to classical L/sup 2/ norm techniques. The coding scheme is recalled and used to achieve different levels of compression: going progressively and accurately from lossless to near-lossless then lossy compression. Results of experiments conducted on several mammograms are presented. When compared to the classical m.s.e based schemes, this approach is shown to give more flexibility and higher quality of the reconstructed mammograms (especially, microcalcifications).
Adaptive Wavelet Density Estimators over Data Streams
Authors: Christoph Heinz, Bernhard Seeger
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2007)

A variety of scientific and commercial applications requires an immediate analysis of transient data streams. Many approaches for analyzing data share the property that an estimation of the underlying data distribution is used as a fundamental building block. To estimate the density of a continuous data distribution, wavelet density estimation, a technique from the area of nonparametric statistics, is very appealing as it is theoretically well-founded and practically approved. For that reason, its application to data streams is highly promising; it provides a convenient way to analyze the characteristics of a stream. However, the heavy computational cost of wavelet density estimators renders their direct application to the streaming scenario impossible. In this work, we tackle this problem and present a novel approach to adaptive wavelet density estimators over data streams. Not only do our estimators meet the rigid processing requirements for data streams, they also adapt to changing system resources in a well-defined manner. A thorough experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of our wavelet density estimators and shows their superiority to competing kernel- and histogram-based estimators.
Assessing the UK policies for broadband adoption
Authors: Jyoti Choudrie, Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou
Venue: Information Systems Frontiers (2007)

Broadband technology has been introduced to the business community and the public as a rapid way of exploiting the Internet. The benefits of its use (fast reliable connections, and always on) have been widely realised and broadband diffusion is one of the items at the top of the agenda for technology related polices of governments worldwide. In this paper an examination of the impact of the UK government's polices upon broadband adoption is undertaken. Based on institutional theory a consideration of the manipulation of supply push and demand pull forces in the diffusion of broadband is offered. Using primary and secondary data sources, an analysis of the specific institutional actions related to IT diffusion as pursued by the UK government in the case of broadband is provided. Bringing the time dimension into consideration it is revealed that the UK government has shifted its attention from supply push-only strategies to more interventional ones where the demand pull forces are also mobilised. It is believed that this research will assist in the extraction of the "success factors" in government intervention that support the diffusion of technology with a view to render favourable results if applied to other national settings.
Building a database and search engine for reuse of course materials
Authors: E. F. Gehringer
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

The authors have developed software for creating databases of course materials on the World-Wide Web. The goal is to allow instructors at different institutions to share materials and develop them jointly. Their first two databases, in computer architecture and object technology, comprise thousands of problems and lectures downloaded (with permission) from course Websites around the world. The database is searchable by classification or fulltext string. To populate the databases with up-to-date material, they started by building a list of course Websites. Using several sources, they came up with a list of 73 sites in computer architecture and 40 sites in object technology. However, only a minority of authors gave them permission to load their material. To provide access to a larger amount of material, they are extending their search capability to include material on the Web as well as in the database. The search engine that we have used finds course Websites by searching a filtered set of educational domains for sites containing keywords characteristic of course material in the target discipline. Finally, they report on their experience of building software using a combination of funded research assistants, students working on senior-design projects, and independent-study students.
How to fail a programming assignment
Authors: Carol Edmondson
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2007)

Computer programming courses at university usually require students to undertake assignments which involve the submission of a working program by a particular date. Each semester, for a variety of reasons, some students fail these programming assignments. This paper uses humour to illuminate some of the unsuccessful approaches to programming assignments taken by some of the computing students whom the author has taught.