ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Novel Watermarking Scheme in Contourlet Domain Based on Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xu, Ke Wang, Xiao-hua Qiao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

In this paper, a novel watermarking algorithm is proposed in Contourlet domain with ICA (independent component analysis). Contourlet transform is adopted in watermarking embedding scheme. In contrast to the wavelet transform, a kind of contour segment base are adopted to approach singular curve, and a flexible multiresolution, local, and directional expansion of an image is obtained. Watermarking image is embedded into the most distinct subband in order to obtain robustness. ICA processing is adopted in watermarking detected scheme. The watermarking can be correctly detected by no care about the attack type and attack parameter which the watermarked image would be suffered. To prove the validity of our approach, we give experimental results, our algorithm is robust to JPEG compression and noise attack, and especially robust to geometry attack, filter and image processing.
3D People Tracking with Gaussian Process Dynamical Models
Authors: Raquel Urtasun, David J. Fleet, Pascal Fua
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

We advocate the use of Gaussian Process Dynamical Models (GPDMs) for learning human pose and motion priors for 3D people tracking. A GPDM provides a lowdimensional embedding of human motion data, with a density function that gives higher probability to poses and motions close to the training data. With Bayesian model averaging a GPDM can be learned from relatively small amounts of data, and it generalizes gracefully to motions outside the training set. Here we modify the GPDM to permit learning from motions with significant stylistic variation. The resulting priors are effective for tracking a range of human walking styles, despite weak and noisy image measurements and significant occlusions.
A Modular Access Control Service for Supporting Application-Specific Policies
Authors: Tine Verhanneman, Frank Piessens, Bart De Win, Eddy Truyen, Wouter Joosen
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2006)

Access control services integrated in current middleware technologies fall short whenever application-specific access control policies must be enforced. As a consequence, developers embedaccess control logic in the code, resulting in an unmaintainable access control enforcement. Theauthors use aspect-oriented software development techniques to better separate application logic andaccess control by describing the design and implementation of a modular access control service. Theyhave implemented a prototype in CaesarJ, a research aspect-oriented programming language.
Any-world assumptions in logic programming
Authors: Yann Loyer, Umberto Straccia
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2005)

Due to the usual incompleteness of information representation, any approach to assign a semantics to logic programs has to rely on a default assumption on the missing information. The stable model semantics, that has become the dominating approach to give semantics to logic programs, relies on the Closed World Assumption (CWA), which asserts that by default the truth of an atom is false. There is a second well-known assumption, called Open World Assumption (OWA), which asserts that the truth of the atoms is supposed to be unknown by default. However, the CWA, the OWA and the combination of them are extremal, though important, assumptions over a large variety of possible assumptions on the truth of the atoms, whenever the truth is taken from an arbitrary truth space.The topic of this paper is to allow any assignment (i.e. interpretation), over a truth space, to be a default assumption. Our main result is that our extension is conservative in the sense that under the "everywhere false" default assumption (CWA) the usual stable model semantics is captured. Due to the generality and the purely algebraic nature of our approach, it abstracts from the particular formalism of choice and the results may be applied in other contexts as well.
Exploring Game-based m-Learning for First Language Interference Problems in Higher Education
Authors: Imran A. Zualkernan, Rana Raddawi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2006)

First language interference is the influence of a first language in interpreting the second language. A number of generic games are already being used to teach various aspects of teaching English as a second language. This research focuses on the particular problem of first language interference in Arab speakers and using m-Learning to address this problem. This paper proposes a game-based m- Learning architecture to help native Arab speakers trying to learn English as a second language in the context of higher education.
Grouping of Sequential Sounds&mdash;An Event-Related Potential Study Comparing Musicians and Nonmusicians
Authors: Titia L. Van Zuijen, Elyse Sussman, István Winkler, Risto Näätänen, Mari Tervaniemi
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

It is believed that auditory processes governing grouping and segmentation of sounds are automatic and represent universal aspects of music perception (e.g., they are independent of the listener's musical skill). The present study challenges this view by showing that musicians and nonmusicians differ in their ability to preattentively group consecutive sounds. We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) from professional musicians and nonmusicians who were presented with isochronous tone sequences that they ignored. Four consecutive tones in a sequence could be grouped according to either pitch similarity or good continuation of pitch. Occasionally, the tone-group length was violated by a deviant tone. The mismatch negativity (MMN) was elicited to the deviants in both subject groups when the sounds could be grouped based on pitch similarity. In contrast, MMN was only elicited in musicians when the sounds could be grouped according to good continuation of pitch. These results suggest that some forms of auditory grouping depend on musical skill and that not all aspects of auditory grouping are universal.
On the semantics of conditional commitment
Authors: Shakil M. Khan, Yves Lespérance
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

In this paper, we identify some problems with current formalizations of conditional commitments, i.e. commitments to achieve a goal if some condition becomes true. We present a solution to these problems. We also formalize two types of communicative actions that can be used by an agent to request another agent to achieve a goal or perform an action provided that some condition becomes true. Our account is set within ECASL [9], a framework for modeling communicating agents based on the situation calculus.
GenericWA-RBAC: Role Based Access Control Model for Web Applications
Authors: Prasanna H. Bammigatti, Dr. P. R. Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology (2006)

Web applications involve the operations on the data objects across the organization boundaries. The operations are provided by the organization once the partners are identified. Web services are globally accepted and are adopted in any web application. The serious threat in web services is security, as these services are available to open world. In this paper the concept of generic Web application-RBAC model, called as GenericWA-RBAC is introduced for secure information dissemination to the any web application. The proposal is to realize the system, which checks the security aspects for authorizing the access and reveling the data to the user belonging to partner organization. This model takes the hierarchy of the role in the partner organization and maps to the role of native systems. The proposed policies guaranty the safe data dissemination to partner organization role.
Cooperative cache framework for video streaming applications
Authors: Chen-Lung Chan, Shih-Yu Huang, Jia-Shung Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

The performance of streaming caches is not only affected by cache management but also determined by cache cooperation. If caches cooperate together, the desired video may be obtained from other caches thus reducing server load. However, such process increases network traffic between caches. It must be done carefully. This paper proposes a cooperative cache framework to automatically select appropriate cache sources and paths for various network environments. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework is efficient and easy to implement for streaming caches.
TCP Unfairness in ad hoc wireless networks and a neighborhood RED solution
Authors: Kaixin Xu, Mario Gerla, Lantao Qi, Yantai Shu
Venue: Wireless Networks (2005)

Significant TCP unfairness in ad hoc wireless networks has been reported during the past several years. This unfairness results from the nature of the shared wireless medium and location dependency. If we view a node and its interfering nodes to form a "neighborhood", the aggregate of local queues at these nodes represents the distributed queue for this neighborhood. However, this queue is not a FIFO queue. Flows sharing the queue have different, dynamically changing priorities determined by the topology and traffic patterns. Thus, they get different feedback in terms of packet loss rate and packet delay when congestion occurs. In wired networks, the Randomly Early Detection (RED) scheme was found to improve TCP fairness. In this paper, we show that the RED scheme does not work when running on individual queues in wireless nodes. We then propose a Neighborhood RED (NRED) scheme, which extends the RED concept to the distributed neighborhood queue. Simulation studies confirm that the NRED scheme can improve TCP unfairness substantially in ad hoc networks. Moreover, the NRED scheme acts at the network level, without MAC protocol modifications. This considerably simplifies its deployment.
A neuro-immune model for discriminating and visualizing anomalies
Authors: Fabio A. González, Juan Carlos Galeano, Diego Alexander Rojas, Angélica Veloza-Suan
Venue: Natural Computing: an international journal (2006)

A model that can detect anomalies, even when trained only with normal samples, and can learn from encounters with new anomalies is proposed. The model combines a negative selection algorithm and a self-organizing map (SOM) in an immune inspired architecture. One of the main advantages of the proposed system is that it is able to produce a visual representation of the self/non-self feature space, thanks to the topological two-dimensional map produced by the SOM. Experimental results with anomaly and classification data are presented and discussed.
A note on overfitting properties of KIC and KICc
Authors: Abd-Krim Seghouane
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

The Kullback information criterion, KIC and its univariate bias-corrected version, KICc may be viewed as estimators of the expected Kullback-Leibler symmetric divergence. This correspondence examines the overfitting properties of KIC and KICc through the probabilities of overfitting both in finite samples and asymptotically. It is shown that KIC and KICc have much smaller probabilities of overfitting than the Akaike information criterion, AIC, and its bias-corrected version AICc.
Variable second-order inclusion probabilities during the sampling of industrial mixtures of particles: Research Articles
Authors: Bastiaan Geelhoed
Venue: Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry (2006)

During analysis and inspection of materials, the mass concentration of a compound in a sample is often used as an estimate for the mass concentration in the population. Depending upon the material and the analysis technique, sample masses vary from several grams to up to several kilograms. An equation for the relation between the sample mass and the variance of the sample concentration allows calculation of the minimum sample mass, defined as the sample mass for which the relative standard deviation of the sample estimator is equal to a maximum allowable value. Application of Gy's theory may result in inaccurate estimates for the minimum sample mass when the selections of the particles are dependent events. The minimum sample mass may be underestimated, resulting in a relatively high variance of the sample concentration, or overestimated, leading to higher sample processing costs. In this contribution, a variable second-order inclusion probability is proposed. Two estimators for the variance are derived, including an estimator based on the Horvitz&ndash;Thompson estimator. The estimators are compared using samples of aggregates. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained variational approach to nonholonomic control systems
Authors: T. Kai, H. Kimura
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 4 (2003)

In this paper, we deal with nonholonomic dynamical system based on the Lagrangian formulation. In modeling nonholonomic control systems, we especially focus on vakonomic mechanics, which is one of the constrained variation methods to derive the equations of motions of constrained systems. Using vakonomic mechanics, we introduce the vakonomic affine system (VAS) and analyze it theoretically in the context of nonlinear control theory. Then we consider control problems of the VAS and show simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theory.
A lattice structure for the detection of a non-Gaussian signal in Gaussian AR noise
Authors: M. Garcia-Otero, J. A. Moral-Beneitez
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

The estimated parameters of a lattice structure (PARCOR coefficients) can be used to detect an unknown signal in colored Gaussian noise of unknown autocovariance, but the detection performance is poor when the signal and noise spectra are overlapped. In this case, if the signal is not Gaussian, higher-order statistics can be used to improve detectability. To retain the order-recursive nature of the detector, we propose in the paper to employ two lattice filters: a conventional one, and another (in parallel with the first) that uses a set of coefficients computed using fourth-order cross-moments of the residuals at each stage. These parameters are identical with the PARCOR coefficients only under Gaussian assumption, so the differences between both sets of parameters are used to test normality. A study of the proposed statistic is also conducted to check its asymptotic bias and variance.
Low complexity Byzantine-resilient consensus
Authors: Miguel Correia, Nuno Ferreira Neves, Lau Cheuk Lung, Paulo Veríssimo
Venue: Distributed Computing (2005)

The application of the tolerance paradigm to security - intrusion tolerance - has been raising a reasonable amount of attention in the dependability and security communities. In this paper we present a novel approach to intrusion tolerence. The idea is to use privileged components - generically designated by wormholes - to support the execution of intrusion-tolerant protocols, often called Byzantine-resilient in the literature.The paper introduces the design of wormhole-aware intrusion-tolerant protocols using a classical distributed systems problem: consensus. The system where the consensus protocol runs is mostly asynchronous and can fail in an arbitrary way, except for the wormhole, which is secure and synchronous. Using the wormhole to execute a few critical steps, the protocol manages to have a low time complexity: in the best case, it runs in two rounds, even if some processes are malicious. The protocol also shows how often theoretical partial synchrony assumptions can be substantiated in practical distributed systems. The paper shows the significance of the TTCB as an engineering paradigm, since the protocol manages to be simple when compared with other protocols in the literature.
Quiescent-Signal Analysis: A Multiple Supply Pad IDDQ Method
Authors: Jim Plusquellic, Dhruva Acharyya, Abhishek Singh, Mohammad Tehranipoor, Chintan Patel
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2006)

Increasing leakage current makes single-threshold IDDQ testing ineffective for differentiating defective and defect-free chips. Quiescent-signal analysis is a new detection and diagnosis technique that uses IDDQ measurements at multiple chip supply ports, reducing the leakage component in each measurement and significantly improving detection of subtle defects. The authors apply regression and ellipse analysis to data collected from 12 test chips to evaluate the technique.
A Novel Blind SNR Estimator Based on the Modified PASTd Algorithm for IF Signals
Authors: SUI Dan, GE Lindong
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems and Networks Communication (2006)

A blind Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) estimator based on the modified Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking deflation (PASTd) algorithm is proposed in this paper for Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals in the complex additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Compared with the eigenvalue decomposition (ED)-based method, the proposed algorithm can achieve a more accurate estimation with a simple computational complexity. Simulations are performed for the commonly used IF signals. The results show that the performance of the algorithm is robust and when the true SNR is in the range from 5dB to 25dB the estimation bias is under 1dB and the corresponding standard deviation (STD) is within 0.3.
Augmenting Holograms
Authors: Oliver Bimber
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2006)

In parallel to the development of computer graphics, and despite their noninteractivity, advances in optical and digital holography have made possible the creation of new fields including interferometry, copy protection, data storage, holographic optical elements, and display holograms. Display holography in particular has conquered several application domains. Optical holograms provide a terapixel resolution and can present information content in the range of terabytes in real time. The goal of the HoloGraphics project at Bauhaus-University Weimar was to investigate possibilities of combining the advantages of conventional holograms with the advantages of today's computer graphics capabilities. This article presents some of the project's findings.
A Two-Year Software Engineering M.Sc. Degree Designed Under the Bologna Declaration Principles
Authors: Joao M. Fernandes, Ricardo J. Machado
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (2006)

This paper presents and discusses the syllabus of a second cycle degree on Software Engineering in which any student that finishes any undergraduate Computing degree (Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Information Technology, and Software Engineering) can enroll. In the first year, the degree is composed of two 30-ECTS modules, one dedicated to software analysis and design and the other devoted to software quality and management. Each module is composed of five curricular units, being one of them dedicated to the experimental integration of the module's topics. The second year allows two different paths to be followed by the students. The professional path includes a 30-ECTS industrial project, while in the scientific path students must write a 45-ECTS master dissertation. The degree is mainly structured to consider the Bologna Declaration that is now being used in Europe to recast all university degrees. Additionally, we also considered the Software Engineering 2004 Curriculum Guidelines and the Knowledge Areas described in the SWEBOK.
An integrated framework for the analysis of dependable interactive systems (IFADIS): Its tool support and evaluation
Authors: Karsten Loer, Michael D. Harrison
Venue: Automated Software Engineering (2006)

This paper discusses a method for the analysis of dependable interactive systems using model checking, and its support by a tool designed to make it accessible to a broader community. The method and the tool are designed to be of value to system engineers, usability engineers and software engineers. It has been designed to help usability engineers by making those aspects of the analysis relevant to them explicit while concealing those aspects of modelling and model checking that are not relevant. The paper presents the results of a user evaluation of the effectiveness of aspects of the tool and how it supports the proposed method.
On the Reconstruction of Diagonal Elements of Density Matrix of Quantum Optical States by on/off Detectors
Authors: Giorgio Brida, Marco Genovese, Marco Gramegna, Matteo G. Paris, E. Predazzi, E. Cagliero
Venue: Open Systems Information Dynamics (2006)

We discuss a scheme for reconstructing experimentally the diagonal elements of a density matrix representing quantum optical state. Applications to PDC heralded photons, multi-thermal and attenuated coherent states are illustrated and discussed in more detail.
4-books of three pages
Authors: Zoltán Füredi, Oleg Pikhurko, Miklós Simonovits
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A (2006)

Let H be a 4-uniform hypergraph on an n-element vertex set V containing no 4-book of 3 pages, i.e., a hypergraph of 4 quadruples with vertices {1, 2,..., 7} and edges {1234, 1235, 1236, 4567}. Then for n > n0 e(H)≤(⌊n/2⌋/2) (⌈n/2⌉/2).Moreover, here equality is possible only if V(H) can be partitioned into two sets A and B so that each quadruple of H intersects A (and B) in exactly two vertices.
Pores and Ridges: High-Resolution Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features
Authors: Anil K. Jain, Yi Chen, Meltem Demirkus
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2007)

Fingerprint friction ridge details are generally described in a hierarchical order at three different levels, namely, Level 1 (pattern), Level 2 (minutia points), and Level 3 (pores and ridge contours). Although latent print examiners frequently take advantage of Level 3 features to assist in identification, Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) currently rely only on Level 1 and Level 2 features. In fact, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) standard of fingerprint resolution for AFIS is 500 pixels per inch (ppi), which is inadequate for capturing Level 3 features, such as pores. With the advances in fingerprint sensing technology, many sensors are now equipped with dual resolution (500 ppi/1,000 ppi) scanning capability. However, increasing the scan resolution alone does not necessarily provide any performance improvement in fingerprint matching, unless an extended feature set is utilized. As a result, a systematic study to determine how much performance gain one can achieve by introducing Level 3 features in AFIS is highly desired. We propose a hierarchical matching system that utilizes features at all the three levels extracted from 1,000 ppi fingerprint scans. Level 3 features, including pores and ridge contours, are automatically extracted using Gabor filters and wavelet transform and are locally matched using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. Our experiments show that Level 3 features carry significant discriminatory information. There is a relative reduction of 20 percent in the equal error rate (EER) of the matching system when Level 3 features are employed in combination with Level 1 and 2 features. This significant performance gain is consistently observed across various quality fingerprint images.