ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Land grid array sockets for server applications
Authors: J. S. Corbin, C. N. Ramirez, D. E. Massey
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2002)

The design and performance of land grid array (LGA) sockets are discussed with respect to high-performance server applications. Motivations for the use of this technology are presented, and the specific challenges associated with its application are discussed from a mechanical perspective. A variety of mechanical performance considerations are identified for LGA socket technologies, and a detailed evaluation of competing socket-actuation designs is presented using finite element structural analysis. Some design approaches are shown to suffer from excessive mechanical flexure, which can consume the allowable range of motion of the contact, resulting in excessive contact load variation within the LGA. Statistical considerations for the mechanical deflections and tolerances that contribute to range-of-motion consumption are developed using Monte Carlo techniques, and a parametric study of the mechanical design variables that influence contact load variation within the LGA is presented.
A Modular System for Collaborative Desktop VR/AR with a Shared Workspace
Authors: Jurriaan D. Mulder, Breght R. Boschker
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004 (2004)

We present a collaborative desktop Virtual and AugmentedReality system with a shared physical workspace: the Joint Space Station. It is constructed out of multiple,single-user near-field Virtual or Augmented Reality stationsusing mirror-based displays. The Joint Space Station provideshigh-resolution stereoscopic images and direct 3D interactionto all participants. The environment is modular,flexible, low-cost, and can be used under office workingconditions. We describe the design, implementation, andapplication of a prototype Joint Space Station, and discussthe merits and limitations of the concept.
Atomic force microscopy study of micrometric pattern replica by hot embossing lithography
Authors: Laurence Ressier, Christel Martin, Jean Pierre Peyrade
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

Strong PolyMethylMetAcrilate (PMMA) resist recoveries, occurring in the centre of micro-scale structures replicated by hot embossing lithography (HEL) have been evidenced after the de-moulding stage. A statistical study by atomic force microscopy clearly reveals that, for a fixed pattern size, the heights and the widths of these recoveries decrease when the imprint temperature goes up and increase with the imprint force up to a critical value before vanishing. It also shows that these resist recoveries increase with the pattern size. This phenomenon is explained qualitatively and quantitatively as a relaxation, during the de-moulding stage, of the elastic stresses stored by the PMMA resist which could not flow during the imprint stage.
Optimal Object State Transfer - Recovery Policies for Fault Tolerant Distributed Systems
Authors: Panagiotis Katsaros, Constantine Lazos
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2004)

Recent developments in the field of object-basedfault tolerance and the advent of the first OMG FT-CORBAcompliant middleware raise new requirementsfor the design process of distributed fault-tolerantsystems. In this work, we introduce a simulation-baseddesign approach based on the optimum effectiveness ofthe compared fault tolerance schemes. Each scheme isdefined as a set of fault tolerance properties for theobjects that compose the system. Its optimumeffectiveness is determined by the tightest effectivecheckpoint intervals, for the passively replicatedobjects. Our approach allows mixing miscellaneousfault tolerance policies, as opposed to the publishedanalytic models, which are best suited in theevaluation of single-server process replicationschemes. Special emphasis has been given to theaccuracy of the generated estimates using anappropriate simulation output analysis procedure. Weprovide showcase results and compare twocharacteristic warm passive replication schemes: onewith periodic and another one with load-dependentobject state checkpoints. Finally, a trade-off analysis isapplied, for determining appropriate checkpointproperties, in respect to a specified design goal.
The role of debugging within software engineering environments
Authors: Monika A. F. Müllerburg
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (1983)

Programming environments (PEs) support a single programmer developing small- to medium-scale programs, whereas software development support systems and software engineering environments (SE2s) support whole project teams, developing Large-scale software. There is no reason to believe that one and only one support system may exist. The usefulness of one or the other depends on the particular situation of software development. Debugging is distinguished from testing and defined not only for removing bugs from programs (dynamic debugging) but also from documents describing the programs (static debugging). The key problem of debugging is understanding the software. Debugging may be supported by static analysis tools and by interactive debugging systems which help both to understand the software better and to estimate the impacts of an intended change. Graphical representations are also very useful for better understanding system structures and for recognising faults and clashes faster. Tools may furthermore be used to report errors and corrections, and to maintain these reports. In the context of PEs and SE2s the tools supporting debugging are connected. Tools can be based on a uniform internal representation, allowing a uniform user interface. Tasks and corresponding tools can be tailored to each other, avoiding duplication of work. One task knows what the others have already done. One knows if certain types of errors have been prevented or removed, i.e. if static analysis tools prevent data flow errors during runtime. Tools and results of other tasks may be used, i.e. cross reference lists and test path reports. Similarities and differences of debugging in PEs and in SE2s are discussed by some example systems. The discussion is concluded by demonstrating possible influences on future software development by personal computers, knowledge engineering, and predicative programming.
Efficient, Intuitive User Interfaces for Classroom-Based Immersive Virtual Environments
Authors: Doug A. Bowman, Matthew Gracey, John Lucas
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004 (2004)

The educational benefits of immersive virtualenvironments (VEs) have long been touted, but very fewimmersive VEs have been used in a classroom setting. Wehave developed three educational VEs and deployed themin university courses. A key element in the success ofthese applications is a simple but powerful user interface(UI) that requires no training, yet allows students tointeract with the virtual world in meaningful ways. Wediscuss the design of this UI and the results of anevaluation of its usability in university classrooms.
Introduction from Session Chairs: New Challenges in Media Security
Authors: Jana Dittmann, Claus Vielhauer
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th EUROMICRO Conference (2004)

Regarding security particularly in the field of multimedia, the requirements on security increase. If and in which way security mechanisms can be applied to multimedia data and their applications needs to be analysed for each purpose separately. This is mainly due to the structure and complexity of multimedia. Based on the main issues of IT-security, the special session introduces selected important security requirements, which must be fulfilled by today's multimedia systems. Our session consists of four papers in this area.
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Venue: International Conference on Supercomputing (2004)

We are pleased to welcome you to the ACM International Conference on Supercomputing, 2004. Since 1987, ICS has been one of the leading forums on all aspects of high performance computing, including hardware, software and applications. We hope this, the 18th edition of ICS, will be as enjoyable and useful as its predecessors. The main event will also include invited lectures and two satellites workshops.In 1988, the 2nd International Conference on Supercomputing was held in Saint-Malo, the same location as this year's conference. In that year, 66 papers were accepted out of a total of 167 submitted, or 40%. The selection included papers by no fewer than eight members of the present program committee, including both program co-chairs and a contribution from the general chair.This year, the ICS program committee consisted of 35 members. Twenty-six of these members managed to attend the PC meeting, held in Chicago, on the 3rd of April, including members coming from as far away as Japan (1) and New Zealand (3). The program committee was more selective than in 1988, choosing only 35 papers out of 162 submissions, and including only 3 papers from members of the program committee out of 12.As is traditional, this conference comprises papers from a broad range of topics, including microarchitecture, software tools for microarchitecture, compilers, middleware for high performance, system analysis, performance analysis, distributed computing and high performance applications. For the first time, the selection procedure included a rebuttal process, giving the authors a chance to respond to comments made in the reviews before the program committee meeting. This addition greatly aided the selection process, first by making sure reviewers' claims would be carefully scrutinized, but more importantly, by allowing the organizers to identify the borderline papers and time to collect additional reviews. Thus the program committee was able to focus a larger proportion of the reviewing effort on those papers that required the most attention.The strong set of papers being presented at this conference is a direct result of the hard work of many people in addition to the program committee. Due to the chosen deadlines and the decision to allow rebuttals, more than 180 people had to write reviews in a very short time. The co-chairs are especially indebted to Craig Zilles and Pierre Salverda, who created and maintained the web site for submissions reviews and rebuttals, and to Doug Burger and Gem Naivar who made the local arrangements (from Texas!) for our meeting in Chicago.
Soft and hard breakdown: impact of annealing recovery on transistor performances
Authors: G. Ghidini, A. Garavaglia, G. Giusto, R. Bottini, D. Brazzelli
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

Aim of this work is to investigate the impact of soft breakdown on the main transistor parameters and the recovery of transistor leakage and performance after an annealing treatment. The correlation between soft (SBD) and hard breakdown (HBD) failures is also analysed considering the different impact of a thermal treatment. This treatment does not significantly improve the localised leakage current. On the other hand, the oxide recovery, measured by transistor parameters affected mainly by interface properties, is sufficient to cure the oxide reliability. In order to induce a new SBD event, the percolation path needs to inject the same amount of charge through the oxide, generating the same critical "bulk" and interface defect density of the virgin oxide.
TV2Web: Generating and Browsing Web with Multiple LOD from Video Streams and Their Metadata
Authors: Kazutoshi Sumiya, Mahendren Munisamy, Katsumi Tanaka
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics Research for Development of Knowledge Society Infrastructure (2004)

We propose a method of automatically constructing Webcontent from video streams with metadata that we callTV2Web. The Web content includes thumbnails of videounits and caption data generated from metadata. Users canwatch TV on a normal Web browser. They can also manipulateWeb content with zooming metaphors to seamlesslyalter the level of detail (LOD) of the content being viewed.They can search for favorite scenes faster than with analogvideo equipment, and experience a new cross-media environment.We also developed a prototype of the TV2Web systemand discuss its implementation. Our experimental resultshows 35% improvement for scene search tasks of videostreams.
Algorithm for Achieving Minimum Energy Consumption in CMOS Circuits Using Multiple Supply and Threshold Voltages at the Module Level
Authors: Yuvraj Singh Dhillon, Abdulkadir Utku Diril, Abhijit Chatterjee, Hsien-Hsin Sean Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2003)

This paper proposes an optimum methodology forassigning supply and threshold voltages to modules in a CMOScircuit such that the overall energy consumption is minimizedfor a given delay constraint. The modules of the circuit shouldhave large enough gate depths such that the delay and energypenalties of the level shifters connecting them are negligible.Both static and dynamic energy are considered in theoptimization. Energy savings of up to 48% have been achievedon various example circuits. The first step in the optimizationfinds optimum supply and threshold voltages for each modulein the circuit. If the circuit has a large number of modules, thisstep might yield a correspondingly large number of differentsupply and threshold voltages for minimum energyconsumption. Since having a large number of different supplyand threshold voltages on an IC is not feasible in currenttechnologies, an additional step clusters the multiple voltagesobtained from the first step into a fixed number of supply andthreshold voltages (for example, 2 different supply voltagesand 2 different threshold voltages). In addition to theapplication of this method to circuit optimization, it can also beapplied to a wide range of problems with delay constraints,such as software tasks running on a dynamically variable V{DD}and V{th} processor.
Towards Architecture Model based Deployment for Dynamic Grid Services
Authors: Gang Huang, Meng Wang, Liya Ma, Ling Lan, Tiancheng Liu, Hong Mei
Venue: Proceedings of the E-Commerce Technology for Dynamic E-Business, IEEE International Conference (2004)

The deployment of grid services should make the services, including those to be deployed and those already deployed, operate with desired functionalities and qualities. The critical challenge in the deployment is that many technical and non-technical factors have to be taken into account, such as performance, reliability, utilization, operating cost, incomes, and so on. Since the factors change continuously, some deployed services may have to be re-deployed for guaranteeing their functionalities and qualities. This position paper presents an approach to the deployment and re-deployment of grid services based on software architecture models. In this approach, all services in a grid consist in a software architecture, which represents the services, their relationships and other factors in a global, understandable and easy-to-use way. To demonstrate the approach, a visual tool for deploying services onto a set of popular grid infrastructures, including J2EE application servers and BPEL engines, with the help of software architectures is developed.
A New Perspective on Multiresolution Image Processing
Authors: Michel Bister
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (2004)

This paper takes a Fourier perspective on the various multiresolution approaches to digital image processing such as Laplacian Pyramids, Gaussian Scale Space, and wavelet transform (both discrete and continuous). From this perspective, it is possible to highlight the strong similarity between those different approaches. Dangers or possible dangers of some approaches will be highlighted, while at least one case of porting a successful algorithms from one formalism to another one will be presented, opening the perspective of more transparence between the different approaches. The successful porting of efficient feature detection and tracking algorithms from one formalism to another opens the perspective of benefiting from the advantages of each, ad putting these strong points to the service of image-based modeling and rendering.
Parametrized Partitions of Products of Finite Sets*
Authors: A. Di Prisco, J. Llopis, S. Todorcevic
Venue: Combinatorica (2004)

For every infinite sequence of positive integers $${\left\{ {m_{i} } \right\}}^{\infty }_{{i = 0}}$$ and every Borel partition c : &#x03c9;&#x03c9;&#x00d7;[&#x03c9;]&#x03c9;&#x2192;{0, 1} there is H&#x2208;[&#x03c9;]&#x03c9; and a sequence $${\left\{ {H_{i} } \right\}}^{\infty }_{{i = 0}}$$ of subsets of &#x03c9;, with |Hi|=mi for every i, such that c is constant on $${\left( {{\prod\nolimits_{i = 0}^\infty {H_{i} } }} \right)}x{\left[ H \right]}^{\omega }$$.
Workload Simulation Method for Evaluation of Application Feasibility in a Mobile Multiprocessor Platform
Authors: Jari Kreku, Jani Penttila, Janne Kangas, Juha-Pekka Soininen
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital System Design, EUROMICRO Systems (2004)

Performance evaluation plays a critical role in the optimisation and validation of integrated application domain-specific multiprocessor systems. In this paper we describe a high level modelling approach for the modelling of a two processor mobile multimedia system and the modelling of use case workloads based on the combined data from separate measurements. The simulations reveal what the utilisation of the architecture would be in the combined cases. The average error of the simulation results compared to the monitored results in the use cases was less than 5%.
The Moving Target: A Geographic Index of Relative Wellbeing
Authors: Jochen Albrecht, Laxmi Ramasubramanian
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2004)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been widely used by health planners and professionals to map and describe disease occurrence, spread, and exposure. Increasingly, GIS is being used to measure accessibility to health services in order to better manage scarce resources and to ensure equity and accountability. We argue that health planners can use readily available census data to understand the demands and needs of particular population by identifying key indicators that have a direct or indirect impact on individual health and community well-being. We present an Index of Relative Wellbeing, a weighted basket of 10 key variables from the Census that can be used to describe the health status of a particular census area. Health planners can use this index within a GIS to conduct spatial and temporal analyses. Our research demonstrates that the spatial distribution of health inequalities can be carefully documented and be directly used in the policymaking arena.
Outlier Detection and Data Cleaning in Multivariate Non-Normal Samples: The PAELLA Algorithm
Authors: Manuel Castejón Limas, Joaquín B. Ordieres Meré, Francisco J. Martínez De Pisón Ascacibar, Eliseo P. Vergara González
Venue: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (2004)

A new method of outlier detection and data cleaning for both normal and non-normal multivariate data sets is proposed. It is based on an iterated local fit without a priori metric assumptions. We propose a new approach supported by finite mixture clustering which provides good results with large data sets. A multi-step structure, consisting of three phases, is developed. The importance of outlier detection in industrial modeling for open-loop control prediction is also described. The described algorithm gives good results both in simulations runs with artificial data sets and with experimental data sets recorded in a rubber factory. Finally, some discussion about this methodology is exposed.
Data stream management for historical XML data
Authors: Sujoe Bose, Leonidas Fegaras
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data (2004)

We are presenting a framework for continuous querying of time-varying streamed XML data. A continuous stream in our framework consists of a finite XML document followed by a continuous stream of updates. The unit of update is an XML fragment, which can relate to other fragments through system-generated unique IDs. The reconstruction of temporal data from continuous updates at a current time is never materialized and historical queries operate directly on the fragmented streams. We are incorporating temporal constructs to XQuery with minimal changes to the existing language structure to support continuous querying of time-varying streams of XML data. Our extensions use time projections to capture time-sliding windows, version control for tuple-based windows, and coincidence queries to synchronize events between streams. These XQuery extensions are compiled away to standard XQuery code and the resulting queries operate continuously over the existing fragmented streams.
China-styled Certain Industry Circle Integration with Manufacturing Grid
Authors: Zhou Jian, Li Qing, Xu Dafeng
Venue: Proceedings of the E-Commerce Technology for Dynamic E-Business, IEEE International Conference (2004)

Contemporary Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) covering Certain Industry Circle (CIMS-CIC) is a specific integrating method with which we can integrate a state-owned group corporation in certain Chinese industry. In this paper, we mainly focus on related method of CIMS-CIC design and implementation with Virtual Organization (VO)-based Manufacturing Grid.
WebWalker: Scape-Oriented Web Browsing
Authors: Hiroya Tanaka, Katsumi Tanaka
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics Research for Development of Knowledge Society Infrastructure (2004)

Conventionally, Web pages have been recognized asdocuments described by HTML. Image data, such asphotographs, logos, maps, illustrations, and decoratedtext, have been treated as sub-components of Webdocuments. However, we can alternatively recognizeall Web pages as images on the screen. In this paper,we use the term Web image to mean the result ofrendering given HTML data. When a Web page istreated as a Web image, its HTML data is consideredto be metadata which describes the Web image content.Taking such a viewpoint, we propose a new image-basedhypermedia which we call continuous web. Inour model, there is no distinction between Web imagesand other images such as photographs. Therefore, wehave designed a new data element, the areal-hyperlink,for connecting various images on the Web. We refer toall images that have areal-hyperlinks as hyperimages.Regarding everything on the Web as images leads us toconsider a new style of browsing and navigating. Weuse the term scape-oriented browsing. We define ascape as a collection of continuously accumulatedimages. For example, whenever we walk in the realworld, we can perceive and remember various forms ofinformation through a scape process. Here, wedescribe new methods for scape-oriented browsing,such as see-through anchors, parallel navigation, andperipheral scape presentation. We have designed andimplemented a prototype system based on our model.Our system offers continuous browsing and navigationto users. We explain our concepts and discuss theeffectiveness and potential of this approach.
Innovating SOI films: impact of thickness and temperature
Authors: N. Bresson, S. Cristoloveanu
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

Novel Unibond wafers, with very thin film and buried oxide, are probed with the pseudo-MOSFET method. It is shown that the method is still efficient at high temperature and for ultra-thin (10 nm) films. The threshold and flat-band voltages increase in thinner films due to special effects that are revealed by numerical simulations.