ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
SUPERB: Simulator Utilizing Parallel Evaluation of Resistive Bridges
Authors: Piet Engelke, Bettina Braitling, Ilia Polian, Michel Renovell
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Asian Test Symposium (2007)

A high-performance resistive bridging fault simulator SUPERB (Simulator Utilizing Parallel Evaluation of Resis- tive Bridges) is proposed. It is based on fault sectioning in combination with parallel-pattern or parallel-fault multiple- stuck-at simulation. It outperforms a conventional interval- based resistive bridging fault simulator by 60X to 120X while delivering identical results. Further competing tools are out- performed by several orders of magnitude.
Example-Based Logical Labeling of Document Title Page Images
Authors: J. van Beusekom, D. Keysers, F. Shafait, T. Breuel
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02 (2007)

This paper presents a flexible and effective example- based approach for labeling title pages which can be used for automated extraction of bibliographic data. The labels of interest are "Title", "Author", "Abstract" and "Affili- ation". The method takes a set of labeled document lay- outs and a single unlabeled document layout as input and finds the best matching layout in the set. The labels of this layout are used to label the new layout. The similarity measure for layouts combines structural layout similarity and textural similarity on the block-level. Experimental re- sults yield accuracy rates from 94.8% to 99.6% obtained on the publicly available MARG dataset. This shows that our lightweight method has equivalent and partially better per- formance when compared to other more complex labeling methods known from the literature.
Book Reviews
Venue: Computer (1981)

On first sight, the title of this anthology is quite misleading. Not one of the numerous "how to write a better program" books, On the Construction of Programs is, instead, a collection of papers presented at a seminar at Queen's University (Belfast) in 1979. The central theme trying them together is a discussion of parallel processing and other issues at the fore-front of language design. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Electrophysiological evidence for both perceptual and postperceptual selection during the attentional blink
Authors: Barry Giesbrecht, Jocelyn L. Sy, James C. Elliott
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2007)

When two masked targets are presented in rapid succession, correct identification of the first target (T1) leads to a dramatic impairment in identification of the second target (T2). Several studies of this so-called attentional blink (AB) phenomenon have provided behavioral and physiological evidence that T2 is processed to the semantic level, despite the profound impairment in T2 report. These findings have been interpreted as an example of perception without awareness and have been explained by models that assume that T2 is processed extensively even though it does not gain access into consciousness. The present study reports two experiments that test this assumption. In Experiment 1, the perceptual load of the T1 task was manipulated and T2 was a word that was either related or unrelated to a context word presented at the beginning of each trial. The event-related potential (ERP) technique was used to isolate the context-sensitive N400 component evoked by the T2 word. The ERP data revealed that there was a complete suppression of the N400 during the AB when the perceptual load was high, but not when perceptual load was low. Experiment 2 replicated the high-load condition of Experiment 1 while ruling out two alternative explanations for the reduction of the N400 during the AB. The results of both experiments demonstrate that word meanings are not always accessed during the AB and are consistent with studies that suggest that attention can act to select information at multiple stages of processing depending on concurrent task demands.
Totalrecall: visualization and semi-automatic annotation of very large audio-visual corpora
Authors: Rony Kubat, Philip DeCamp, Brandon Roy
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2007)

We introduce a system for visualizing, annotating, and analyzing very large collections of longitudinal audio and video recordings. The system, TotalRecall, is designed to address the requirements of projects like the Human Speechome Project, for which more than 100,000 hours of multitrack audio and video have been collected over a twentytwo month period. Our goal in this project is to transcribe speech in over 10,000 hours of audio recordings, and to annotate the position and head orientation of multiple people in the 10,000 hours of corresponding video. Higher level behavioral analysis of the corpus will be based on these and other annotations. To efficiently cope with this huge corpus, we are developing semi-automatic data coding methods that are integrated into TotalRecall. Ultimately, this system and the underlying methodology may enable new forms of multimodal behavioral analysis grounded in ultradense longitudinal data.
The Measurement of Performance on a Highly Parallel System
Authors: D. Parkinson
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1983)

The problems of measuring the performance of a highly parallel multiple processor system, such as the 4096 element ICL Distributed Array Processor are presented in relation to the conventional methods used for serial processors; this is preceded by a brief description of the DAP hardware in order to. provide a framework for the discussion, together with some of the resulting implications for algorithm design. The importance of choosing algorithms for parallel computation in such a way as to make the best use of the parallelism of the hardware for the problem to be solved is discussed, and examples are given of parallel and hybrid algorithms in the latter a mixture of serial and parallel techniques are used. A method of comparison of performance at the problem solving level is presented, which is illustrated by results obtained by DAP users studying problems which arise in a wide range of application areas.
Automatic synthesis of cache-coherence protocol processors using Bluespec
Authors: N. Dave, M. C. Ng, Arvind
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design (2005)

There are few published examples of the proof of correctness of a cache-coherence protocol expressed in an HDL. A designer generally shows the correctness of a protocol where many implementation details have been abstracted away. Abstract protocols are often expressed as a table of rules or state transition diagrams with an (implicit) model of atomic actions. There is enough of a semantic gap between these high-level abstract descriptions and HDLs that the task of showing the correctness of an implementation of a verified abstract protocol is as daunting as proving the abstract protocol's correctness in the first place. The main contribution of this paper is to show that this problem can be largely avoided by expressing the verified abstract protocol in Bluespec SystemVerilog (BSV), which is based on guarded atomic actions and is synthesizable into efficient hardware. Consequently, once a protocol has been verified at the rules-level, little verification effort is needed to verify the implementation. We illustrate our approach by synthesizing a non-blocking MSI cache-coherence protocol for distributed memory systems and discuss the performance of the resulting implementation.
A Microprocessors-Controlled DIC Test System*
Authors: T. A. Laliotis
Venue: Computer (1975)

The objective of this paper is to bring forth the benefits that can be realized by using LSI microprocessors in test equipment and instrument applications. We will attempt to do this by describing the Qualifier* 901, which is a low-cost bench top digital integrated circuit tester controlled by an LSI microprocessor. First, we identify the scope of low-cost testers and describe the general principles of operation of such testers using fixed logic control. Then we describe the Qualifier 901, and finally, we point out the advantages gained by the usage of the intelligence of the microprocessor in Qualifier 901 versus fixed logic controlled testers.
Neural correlates of morphological decomposition during visual word recognition
Authors: Brian T. Gold, Kathleen Rastle
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2007)

Considerable behavioral research has demonstrated that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphological structure. It has typically been assumed that analysis of morphologically complex words occurs only when the meaning of these words can be derived from the meanings of their constituents (e.g., hunter = hunt + er). However, results from recent behavioral research using the masked priming technique have demonstrated that morphological analysis can occur at an earlier orthographic level, in cases in which the meanings of complex words cannot be derived from their constituents (e.g., corner = corn + er). Here, we combine the logic of behavioral masked priming with the neurophysiological phenomenon of functional magnetic resonance imaging priming suppression to look for evidence of nonsemantic morphological priming at the neural level. Both behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicated priming effects associated with the mere appearance of morphological structure (corner---CORN). In addition, these effects were distinguishable from lexical-semantic effects (bucket---PAIL) and orthographic effects (brothel---BROTH). Three left-lateralized occipito-temporal regions showed sensitivity to early morphological components of visual word recognition. Two of these regions also showed orthographic priming (∼BA 37, peak: -48 -60 -17; ∼BA 19, peak: -40 -77 -1), whereas one was sensitive only to morphological similarity between primes and targets (∼BA 19, peak: ∼37 ∼67 ∼7). These findings provide a neurobiological basis for a purely structural morphemic segmentation mechanism operating at early stages of visual word recognition.
Ranking very many typed entities on wikipedia
Authors: Hugo Zaragoza, Henning Rode, Peter Mika, Jordi Atserias, Massimiliano Ciaramita, Giuseppe Attardi
Venue: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management (2007)

We discuss the problem of ranking very many entities of different types. In particular we deal with a heterogeneous set of types, some being very generic and some very specific. We discuss two approaches for this problem: i) exploiting the entity containment graph and ii) using a Web search engine to compute entity relevance. We evaluate these approaches on the real task of ranking Wikipedia entities typed with a state-of-the-art named-entity tagger. Results show that both approaches can greatly increase the performance of methods based only on passage retrieval.
Gossiping over storage systems is practical
Authors: Hakim Weatherspoon, Hugo Miranda, Konrad Iwanicki, Ali Ghodsi, Yann Busnel
Venue: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (2007)

Gossip-based mechanisms are touted for their simplicity, limited resource usage, robustness to failures, and tunable system behavior. These qualities make gossiping an ideal mechanism for storage systems that are responsible for maintaining and updating data in a mist of failures and limited resources (e.g., intermittent network connectivity, limited bandwidth, constrained communication range, or limited battery power). We focus on persistent storage systems that, unlike mere caches, are responsible for both the durability and the consistency of data. Examples of such systems may be encountered in many different environments, in particular: wide-area networks (constrained by limited bandwidth), wireless sensor networks (characterized by limited resources), and mobile ad hoc networks (suffering from intermittent connectivity). In this paper, we demonstrate the qualities of gossiping in these three respective environments.
Multithreaded SAT Solving
Authors: Matthew Lewis, Tobias Schubert, Bernd Becker
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2007)

This paper describes the multithreaded MiraXT SAT Solver which was designed to take advantage of current and future shared memory multiprocessor systems. The paper highlights design and implementation details that allow the multiple threads to run and cooperate efficiently. Results show that in single threaded mode, MiraXT compares well to other state of the art solvers on Industrial problems. In threaded mode, it provides cutting edge performance, as speedup is obtained on both SAT and UNSAT instances.
Weighted Support Vector Machine Segmentation of SAR Images Based on MARMA model
Authors: Peng-wei Wang, Xiu-qing Wu, Shan Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (2007)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a coherent sensing device. Existing algorithms for processing optical images are not suitable for SAR images because of speckles noise in SAR images. This paper introduces the support vector machine (SVM) segmentation of SAR images based on multiscale autoregressive moving average (MARMA) model, which can capture the statistical scale-dependency of SAR images. Firstly, the multiscale sequences of SAR image are constructed. Secondly, the paper investigates how to establish MARMA model and how to extract the multiscale stochastic characteristics of the different SAR texture images. Finally, the paper classifies the characteristics vector using generalized weighted SVM. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is efficient.
Strategies and simulations in a semantic framework
Authors: Narciso Martí-Oliet, Miguel Palomino, Alberto Verdejo
Venue: Journal of Algorithms (2007)

By means of several examples of structural operational semantics for a variety of languages, we justify the importance and interest of using the notions of strategies and simulations in the semantic framework provided by rewriting logic and implemented in the Maude metalanguage. On the one hand, we describe a basic strategy language for Maude and show its application to CCS, the ambient calculus, and the parallel functional language Eden. On the other hand, we show how the concept of stuttering simulation can be used inside Maude to show that a stack machine correctly implements the operational semantics of a simple functional language.
The automation of introductory computer science courses
Authors: Jurg Nievergelt, Edward M. Reingold, Thomas R. Wilcox
Venue: ACM SIGCUE Outlook (1974)

In response to a large (currently 2000 students per semester) and increasing enrollment in introductory computer science courses, we have started a project to automate these courses on the PLATO IV Computer-Based Education system at the University of Illinois. The key components of our automated course are: 1. a library of lessons, covering several programming languages, computing techniques, and application areas 2. a completely self-contained interactive programming system for the preparation, execution and debugging of programs written by students in any of the languages covered by the lessons 3. a conversational advice-giving and information retrieval system to guide the student through the library of lessons, based on his goals and past performance. The goals and current status of this project are described.
Development of spontaneous alternation in infancy
Authors: Sham P. Vecera*, Mary K. Rothbart, Michael I. Posner
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1991)

Spontaneous alternation is a reduced tendency to return to the same location on successive trials. It is measured in rats in a T maze and is thought to depend on an intact hippocampus. In human infants, we measured alternation in the tendency to reach toward one of two identical toys placed in locations to the left and right of midline. Infants at 6 months returned to the same side as frequently as they alternated, but 18--month-old infants showed a significant alternation pattern. At 6 months, infants show inhibition of return, but do not show alternation in motor behavior; at 18 months, infants show both, but they are negatively related. These data suggest that preference for novelty may rest on different internal mechanisms even in quite similar tasks, and suggest that whereas inhibition of return is related to control by the posterior attention network, spontaneous alternation may be related to inhibitory control by the anterior attention network.
Unsupervised Classification of Polarimetric SAR Images Based on ICA
Authors: Haijiang Wang, Yiming Pi, Zongjie Cao
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 03 (2007)

Polarimetric SAR image classification is an important research area. Various classification methods continue to be developed for specific applications. In this paper, A new unsupervised classification method for polarimetric SAR images is proposed. It is based on independent component analysis (ICA). By ICA processing, several independent components are extracted from the channels of the SAR images. One of the independents is regarded as speckle noise and thrown away. By taking each remained independent as a kind of target, a classified SAR image with higher classification accuracy can be obtained.
Improved Static Resolution of Dynamic Class Loading in Java
Authors: Jason Sawin, Atanas Rountev
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (2007)

Modern applications are becoming increasingly more dynamic and flexible. In Java software, one important flexibility mechanism is dynamic class loading. Unfortunately, the vast majority of static analyses for Java handle this feature either unsoundly or overly conservatively. We present a set of techniques for static resolution of dynamic-class-loading sites in Java software. Previous work has used static string analysis to achieve this goal. However, a large number of such sites are impossible to resolve with purely static techniques. We present a novel semi-static approach, which combines static string analysis with dynamically gathered information about the execution environment. The key insight behind this approach is the observation that dynamic class loading often depends on characteristics of the execution environment that are encoded in various environment variables. In addition, we propose generalizations of string analysis to increase the number of sites that can be resolved purely statically, and to track the names of environment variables. We present an experimental evaluation on 10,238 classes from the standard Java libraries. Our results show that a stateof- the-art purely static approach resolves only 28% of non-trivial sites, while our approach resolves more than twice as many sites. This work is a step towards making static analysis tools better equipped to handle the dynamic features of Java.
Genome-wide analysis of intergenic regions of mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using affymetrix genechips
Authors: Li M. Fu, Thomas M. Shinnick
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (2007)

Sequencing the complete genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is a major milestone in the genome project and it sheds new light in our fight with tuberculosis. The genome contains around 4000 genes (protein-coding sequences) in the original genome annotation. A subsequent reannotation of the genome has added 80 more genes. However, we have found that the intergenic regions can exhibit expression signals, as evidenced by microarray hybridization. It is then reasonable to suspect that there are unidentified genes in these regions. We conducted a genome-wide analysis using the Affymetrix GeneChip to explore genes contained in the intergenic sequences of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome. A working criterion for potential protein-coding genes was based on bioinformatics, consisting of the gene structure, protein coding potential, and presence of ortholog evidence. The bioinformatics criteria in conjunction with transcriptional evidence revealed potential genes with a specific function, such as a DNA-binding protein in the CopG family and a nickle binding GTPase, as well as hypothetical proteins that had not been reported in the H37Rv genome. This study further demonstrated that microarray-based transcriptional evidence would facilitate genome-wide gene finding, and is also the first report concerning intergenic expression in M. tuberculosis genome.
Application of Artificial Neural Network in Prediction of Bond Property between Corroded Reinforcement and Concrete
Authors: Yingfang Fan, Zhiqiang Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 04 (2007)

Bond property between the reinforcing steel and concrete is influenced by many factors (such as corrosion ratio of reinforcing steel, concrete strength, depth of concrete cover, reinforcement diameter, reinforcement type, etc.), which make it difficult to build any calculation model. Based on the test results, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was introduced into the prediction of bond property between the corroded reinforcement and concrete in this paper. Considering single factor and multi-factors, BP Neural Network (BPNN) models were established respectively. It is shown that satisfactory results can be achieved by the given BP models, whereas need no mathematical model. Therefore, ANN will break a new approach for the study on mechanical property of corroded reinforced concrete structure, which will provide a simple calculation method for engineering in practice as well.
Dynamic transport layer handover for heterogeneous communication environments
Authors: Sven Lahde, Michael Doering, Lars Wolf
Venue: Computer Communications (2007)

Vertical handovers between heterogeneous communication networks are required to provide seamless Internet access to mobile users. In this paper we present an approach for dynamic transport layer handover by utilizing the multihoming capabilities of SCTP. The architecture allows for selecting the most suitable communication path for an application depending on the user's preferences, the application's requirements as well as the current network characteristics. The evaluation results of the prototype implementation show that SCTP is very suitable for transport layer handovers and more robust against interferences than TCP.
GEMS tabulation database design issues in relation to voting systems certification standards
Authors: Thomas P. Ryan, Candice Hoke
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Accurate Electronic Voting Technology (2007)

This paper analyzes the Diebold Election Systems, Inc. election management software (GEMS) using publicly accessible postings of GEMS election databases. It finds that the GEMS architecture fails to conform to fundamental database design principles and software industry standards for ensuring accurate data. Thus, in election tabulations, aspects of the GEMS design can lead to, or fail to protect against, erroneous reporting of election results. Further, GEMS's dependence on Microsoft's JET technology introduces additional risks to data accuracy and security. Despite these technical and systemic deficiencies, GEMS received approval as complying with Federal Voting System 2002 standards. Questions then arise concerning the adequacy of the 2002 and 2005 regulatory standards. The paper concludes that the standards structurally encourage and reward election system vendors for using less exacting database design standards.