ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Decision View's Role in Software Architecture Practice
Authors: Philippe Kruchten, Rafael Capilla, Juan Carlos Dueñas
Venue: IEEE Software (2009)

A decision view provides a useful complement to the traditional sets of architectural views and viewpoints. It gives an explanatory perspective that illuminates the reasoning process itself and not solely its results. The decision view documents aspects of the architecture that are hard to reverse-engineer from the software itself and that are often left tacit. The decision view and the decisions that it captures embody high-level architectural knowledge that can be transferred to other practitioners and merged when systems are merged, and they offer useful support for maintaining large, long-lived software-intensive systems. This article leads readers through a succession of epiphanies: from design to architecture, then architecture representation to architecture design methods, and finally to architectural design decisions.
Finding Concurrency-Related Bugs Using Random Isolation
Authors: Nicholas Kidd, Thomas Reps, Julian Dolby, Mandana Vaziri
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (2008)

This paper describes the methods used in Empire, a tool to detect concurrency-related bugs, namely atomic-set serializability violations in Java programs. The correctness criterion is based on atomic sets of memory locations, which share a consistency property, and units of work, which preserve consistency when executed sequentially. Empire checks that, for each atomic set, its units of work are serializable. This notion subsumes data races (single-location atomic sets), and serializability (all locations in one atomic set).To obtain a sound, finite model of locking behavior for use in Empire, we devised a new abstraction principle, random isolation, which allows strong updates to be performed on the abstract counterpart of each randomly-isolated object. This permits Empire to track the status of a Java lock, even for programs that use an unbounded number of locks. The advantage of random isolation is that properties proved about a randomly-isolated object can be generalized to all objects allocated at the same site. We ran Empire on eight programs from the ConTest benchmark suite, for which Empire detected numerous violations.
End-User Development of Enterprise Widgets
Authors: Michael Spahn, Volker Wulf
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on End-User Development (2009)

Companies are operating in a dynamic environment, resulting in a continuous need of adapting used information systems to changing business processes and associated information needs. Viewed from a micro-perspective, business users are managing and executing business processes on a daily basis, but are not able to adapt used software to their individual needs and working practice. In this paper, we present an End-User Development (EUD) approach and prototypic environment, enabling business users to create enterprise widgets tailored to their personal information needs without the need of programming knowledge, by mashing up enterprise resources using a lightweight visual design paradigm. The approach especially considers extensibility of building blocks for widget creation even by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) using existing knowledge. We give evidence on the applicability of the approach in real enterprise contexts, by providing first results of an evaluation in three German SMEs.
Platform for intelligent management of industrial machinery based on service-oriented architecture
Authors: Luis Felipe Herrera-Quintero, Vicente Berenguer-Miralles, Felipe Restrepo-Calle, Raúl Gómez, Virgilio Gilart-Iglesias, Francisco Maciá-Pérez
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS international conference on Distance learning and web engineering (2008)

In this paper, we present a platform designed and implemented for the practical management of industrial machinery, which provides through an organization orientated to services the processes of selfmanagement and proactive management of industrial machinery. This platform allows to establish several relationships with the services offered by the machine, which makes possible that the machines can communicate and cooperate between itself or with other elements of production. The platform that was made, is based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Web services in order to obtain that the industrial machine provide high levels of selfmanagement and overcome the barriers imposed by the physical and technological restrictions which prevent to these components achieve the transparent integration of industrial machine with the business processes of the organization.
Analysis of Air Traffic Flow Control through Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Chao Wang, Jing Ge, Xiaohao Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (2009)

Agent–based modeling and simulation of complex system provides new methods for system's analysis, control and decision-making. This paper presents a modeling and simulation method of air traffic flow, constructs computer models of Flight Agent and Control Agent, and discusses the performance evaluation parameters of air traffic control system. Furthermore, a computer prototype system has been developed about the simulation of air traffic flow operating in a control sector. According to the results of simulation, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of control decision-making and reveals the emergent phenomena of air traffic operation such as congestion and flight delays.
Design and implementation of light-weight mobile multicast for fast MIPv6
Authors: Jianfeng Guan, Hongbin Luo, Hongke Zhang, Han-Chieh Chao, Jong Hyuk Park
Venue: Computer Communications (2009)

Mobile multicast is a research hotspot and can provide many applications. Some mobile multicast schemes have been proposed, but most of them introduce new entities and study construction algorithms of the dynamic multicast delivery structure which is heavyweight for wireless devices. In this paper, we propose a light-weight mobile multicast (LMM) scheme for Fast Mobile IPv6 which reduces the redundant operational overhead by simplifying multicast listener discovery (MLD) proxying. The LMM scheme implements simplified MLD proxying function on home agent to reduce the complicated multicast routing protocol and modifies MLD host part function on mobile node to reduce the multicast membership messages interaction. In order to solve the tunnel convergence problem, LMM also introduces a multicast tunnel combination and reconstruction algorithm. We set up a test-bed to evaluate the performance of LMM, and compare it with other mobile multicast schemes. The experimental results show that LMM reduces the multicast disruption time at handover. Based on the experimental results, we analyze the cost of LMM, and the results show that it has lower protocol cost than other schemes.
The Resource Optimization of Software Evolution Processes
Authors: Na Zhao, Tong Li, Lingling Yang, Yong Yu, Fei Dai, Wei Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

Software evolution has become one of the important characteristics in software life cycle. Based on the SDDM2 (Second Generation System Dynamic Development Model), a modeling method which is configurable and reusable for supporting the software evolution modeling, we propose the method of performance analysis and the optimization of the resource of software evolution processes, so as to effectively support its improvement.
Bus Modelling in Zoned Disks RAID Storage Systems
Authors: Peter Harrison, Soraya Zertal
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

A model of bus contention in a Multi-RAID storage architecture is presented. Based on an M/G/1 queue, the main issues are to determine the service time distribution that accurately represents the highly mixed input traffic of requests. This arises from the coexistence of different RAID organisations that generate several types of physical request (read/write for each RAID level) with different related sizes. The size distributions themselves are made more complex by the striping mechanism, with full/large/small stripes in RAID5. We show the impact of the bus traffic on the system's overall performance as predicted by the model and validated against a simulation of the hardware, using common workload assumptions.
Context-based page unit recommendation for web-based sensemaking tasks
Authors: Wen-Huang Cheng, David Gotz
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2009)

Sensemaking tasks require that users gather and comprehend information from many sources to answer complex questions. Such tasks are common and include, for example, researching vacation destinations or performing market analysis. In this paper, we present an algorithm and interface which provides context-based page unit recommendation to assist in connection discovery during sensemaking tasks. We exploit the natural note-taking activity common to sensemaking behavior as the basis for a task-specific context model. Our algorithm then dynamically analyzes each web page visited by a user to determine which page units are most relevant to the user's task. We present the details of our recommendation algorithm, describe the user interface, and present the results of a user study which show the effectiveness of our approach.
GI-Cat: A Mediation Solution for Building a Clearinghouse Catalog Service
Authors: Stefano Nativi, Lorenzo Bigagli, Paolo Mazzetti, Enrico Boldrini, Fabrizio Papeschi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems & Web Services (2009)

The development of a clearinghouse catalog solution arises from the need of interoperability among different communities. This component, provides search and access capabilities across catalogs, inventory lists and their registered resources. In an SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) approach, a clearinghouse catalog solution may be implemented as a Broker/Mediation component applying mediation services to address standards multiplicity. An example of such solution is GI-cat. In this work we describe its architecture. GI-cat implements a distributed approach in order to achieve scalability and accuracy. It implements metadata querying and browsing in an asynchronous way. As far as query distribution is concerned, it provides advanced features such as the possibility to retrieve intermediate query results and related feedbacks. The main GI-cat components, their interfaces and roles are described and discussed. A specific GeoBrowser was developed in order to demonstrate the advanced GI-cat functionalities: GI-go. GI-cat was succesfully used in international initiatives and programmes such as GEOSS and EC-funded projects.
A bi-prototype theory of facial attractiveness
Authors: Fu Chang, Chien-Hsing Chou
Venue: Neural Computation (2009)

The attractiveness of human faces can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy if we represent the faces as feature vectors and compute their relative distances from two prototypes: the average of attractive faces and the average of unattractive faces. Moreover, the degree of attractiveness, defined in terms of the relative distance, exhibits a high degree of correlation with the average rating scores given by human assessors. These findings motivate a bi-prototype theory that relates facial attractiveness to the averages of attractive and unattractive faces rather than the average of all faces, as previously hypothesized by some researchers.
Estimation of distributions involving unobservable events: the case of optimal search with unknown Target Distributions
Authors: Qingxin Zhu, B. John Oommen
Venue: Pattern Analysis Applications (2009)

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a distribution when the underlying events are themselves unobservable. The aim of the exercise is to perform a task (for example, search a web-site or query a distributed database) based on a distribution involving the state of nature, except that we are not allowed to observe the various &#x201c;states of nature&#x201d; involved in this phenomenon. In particular, we concentrate on the task of searching for an object in a set of N locations (or bins) {C 1, C 2,&#x2026;, C N }, in which the probability of the object being in the location C i is p i , where P&#x00a0;=&#x00a0;[p 1, p 2,&#x2026;, p N ]T is called the Target Distribution. Also, the probability of locating the object in the bin within a specified time, given that it is in the bin, is given by a function called the Detection function, which, in its most common instantiation, is typically, specified by an exponential function. The intention is to allocate the available resources so as to maximize the probability of locating the object. The handicap, however, is that the time allowed is limited, and thus the fact that the object is not located in bin C i within a specified time does not necessarily imply that the object is not in C i . This problem has applications in searching large databases, distributed databases, and the world-wide web, where the location of the files sought for are unknown, and in developing various military and strategic policies. All of the research done in this area has assumed the knowledge of the {p i }. In this paper we consider the problem of obtaining error bounds, estimating the Target Distribution, and allocating the search times when the {p i } are unknown. To the best of our knowledge, these results are of a pioneering sort - they are the first available results in this area, and are particularly interesting because, as mentioned earlier, the events concerning the Target Distribution, in themselves, are unobservable.
VLC Table Prediction Algorithm for CAVLC in H.264 Using the Characteristics of Mode Information
Authors: Jin Heo, Yo-Sung Ho
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing (2008)

The most recent H.264 video coding standard adopted context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) as the entropy coding tool. By combining adaptive variable length coding (VLC) with context modeling, we can achieve a better coding performance. However, CAVLC in H.264 has a problem that correctness of VLC table prediction is low. In this paper, we propose a new VLC table prediction algorithm using the correlation of coding mode between the current and neighboring blocks and the statistics of mode distribution in both intra and inter frames. Moreover, we can further increase correctness of VLC table prediction considering the structural characteristics of the mode information in inter frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm increases correctness of VLC table prediction by 10.07% and reduces the bit rate by 1.21% on average.
Deferred vs. immediate modification of simulation state in a parallel discrete event simulator using threaded worker pools
Authors: David W. Mutschler
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

The Joint Integrated Mission Model (JIMM) is a real-time legacy battlefield simulator employed in detailed analyses and virtual exercises. To leverage more processors to improve real-time execution, a worker pool of threads optimistically executes events in parallel but avoids cascading rollback by executing only one future event per simulated object. Safeguards for maintenance of simulation state are programmed explicitly and either deferred or immediate modification of state variables could be employed in case of event rollback. In the beginning of the main parallelization effort, deferred modification was used where simulation state is updated only when the event can be completed safely. However, after successful implementation, it was determined to be impractical. Later, all safeguard programming employed immediate modification where original state is restored in case of rollback. This paper discusses these techniques for parallel execution of events in JIMM from initial efforts through later code maintenance.
C++ for Everyone, 1st edition
Authors: Cay S. Horstmann
Venue:  (2008)

* This authoritative reference uses full color figures and color-coded program listings while introducing readers to C++ programming* Provides additional pictures and captions to help readers navigate the material and find what they need quickly* Presents many how-tos for common tasks, together with worked examples
Hardware assisted watermarking for multimedia
Authors: Elias Kougianos, Saraju P. Mohanty, Rabi N. Mahapatra
Venue: Computers and Electrical Engineering (2009)

Digital media offer several distinct advantages over analog media, such as high quality, ease of editing, and ease of processing operations such as compression and high fidelity copying. Digital data is commonly available through digital TV broadcast, CD, DVD, and computing devices such as personal computers. The ease by which a digital media object can be duplicated and distributed has led to the need for effective digital rights management tools. Digital watermarking is one such tool. Watermarking is the process of embedding extra data called a watermark into a multimedia object, like image, audio, or video, such that the watermark can later be detected or extracted in order to make an assertion regarding the object. During the last decade, numerous software based watermarking schemes have appeared in the literature and watermarking research has attained a certain degree of maturity. But hardware based watermarking systems have evolved more recently only and they are still at their infancy. The goal of hardware assisted watermarking is to achieve low power usage, real-time performance, reliability, and ease of integration with existing consumer electronic devices. In this paper, we survey the hardware assisted solutions proposed in the literature for watermarking of multimedia objects. The survey is preceded by an introduction to the background issues involved in digital watermarking.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance
Authors: Tomasz Janowski, Theresa A. Pardo
Venue: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 351 (2008)

The 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ICEGOV2008, took place in Cairo, Egypt during 1-4 December 2008. The conference was organized jointly by the Center for Electronic Governance at United Nations University - International Institute for Software Technology, and German University in Cairo. The ICEGOV conference series focuses on the use of technology to transform relationships between government and its customers --- citizens, businesses, and other arms of government (Electronic Governance), beyond the traditional focus on technology-enabled transformation within government (Electronic Government). The first two editions --- ICEGOV2007 in Macao and ICEGOV2008 in Cairo --- have helped to evolve the distinctive identity of the ICEGOV conferences.
Missile Autopilot Design Based on State Dependent Riccati Equation
Authors: Ping Sun, Kun Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (2009)

In this paper a control approach is presented for flight control system of a rigid body missile using both State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) method and Fast Output Sampling (FOS) technique. The dynamics and kinematics for missile attitude stable problem are of typical nonlinear character. SDRE technique has been well applied to this kind of highly nonlinear control problems. But in practice the system states needed in the SDRE method are sometimes difficult to obtain. FOS method, which makes use of only the output samples, is combined with SDRE to accommodate the incomplete system state information. Thus, the control approach is more practical and easy to implement. The method and its stabilization are examined under numerical simulations and the results show that the proposed method produces excellent results and multi-model robust stabilization is achieved.
Analysing the forcing mechanisms for net primary productivity changes in the Heihe River Basin, north-west China
Authors: L. Lu, X. Li, F. Veroustraete, E. Kang, J. Wang
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2009)

Most of the inland river basins in north-west China have experienced ecosystem degradation and even desertification in the last few decades. As a case study, we estimated the net primary productivity (NPP) of the Heihe river basin and analysed its difference between 2002 and 1998 by using the C-Fix, a Monteith type parametric NPP model. The data used include the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the 1-km SPOT/VEGETATION sensor and other environmental records. By obtaining the spatiotemporal patterns of NPP change as well as land use changes from higher resolution imagery in the basin, we identified its forcing factors in terms of climate change and human activities. We suggest that a decline in rainfall over the five years was one reason for NPP decrease in the basin. Other factors, such as irrational reclamation upstream and intensive development of irrigated farmland in the midstream play more important roles. They reinforce water competition between artificial and natural ecosystems over the whole basin. It is also found that human activities can produce very different NPP changes in a short time in mountainous regions. The NPP decreased in the east Qilian Mountains due to farmland reclamation and overgrazing but increased in the west, according to the ecosystem preserve project.
Robust tile-based texture synthesis using artificial immune system
Authors: Weiming Dong, Ning Zhou, Jean-Claude Paul
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2009)

One significant problem in tile-based texture synthesis is the presence of conspicuous seams in the tiles. The reason is that sample patches employed as primary patterns of the tile set may not be well stitched if carelessly picked. In this paper, we introduce a robust approach that can stably generate an &#x03c9;-tile set of high quality and pattern diversity. First, an extendable rule is introduced to increase the number of sample patches to vary the patterns in an &#x03c9;-tile set. Second, in contrast to other concurrent techniques that randomly choose sample patches for tile construction, ours uses artificial immune system (AIS) to select the feasible patches from the input example. This operation ensures the quality of the whole tile set. Experimental results verify the high quality and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The performance of touch screen soft buttons
Authors: Seungyon Lee, Shumin Zhai
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

The introduction of a new generation of attractive touch screen-based devices raises many basic usability questions whose answers may influence future design and market direction. With a set of current mobile devices, we conducted three experiments focusing on one of the most basic interaction actions on touch screens: the operation of soft buttons. Issues investigated in this set of experiments include: a comparison of soft button and hard button performance; the impact of audio and vibrato-tactile feedback; the impact of different types of touch sensors on use, behavior, and performance; a quantitative comparison of finger and stylus operation; and an assessment of the impact of soft button sizes below the traditional 22 mm recommendation as well as below finger width.