ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Secure deletion for a versioning file system
Authors: Zachary N. J. Peterson, Randal Burns, Joe Herring, Adam Stubblefield, Aviel D. Rubin
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies - Volume 4 (2005)

We present algorithms and an architecture for the secure deletion of individual versions of a file. The principal application of this technology is federally compliant storage; it is designed to eliminate data after a mandatory retention period. However, it applies to any storage system that shares data between files, most notably versioning file systems. We compare two methods for secure deletion that use a combination of authenticated encryption and secure overwriting. We also discuss implementation issues, such as the demands that secure deletion places on version creation and the composition of file system metadata. Results show that new secure deletion techniques perform orders of magnitude better than previous methods.
Using web-based call to improve english language mastery at the republic of china air force academy (taiwan)
Authors: Gertrude W. Abramson
Venue:  (2007)

The Republic of China, as a Foreign Military Sales country, has relied heavily on the United States (US) for military arms and supplies. Most of those arms need ongoing operational support and training from the US military. Due to this continued need for training in the US, the Republic of China Air Force Academy (ROCAFA), a military institution educating future Air Force officers, has been emphasizing English learning for its cadets. However, since the traditional instructor-centered method tends to encourage cadets to wait passively as receivers of knowledge, results have not been satisfactory based on their American Language Course Placement Test (ALCPT) scores, a standardized proficiency test used for measuring English ability. Literature indicates that blended learning is more effective than the traditional classroom type of instruction or purely online learning. In addition, due to the advances and popularity of Web-based and multimedia technologies, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) facilitates English learning in many ways and has become an important English learning tool.The study designed a blended approach incorporating the Web-based activities into traditional classroom instruction to facilitate cadets' English learning and improve their ALCPT test scores. A commercial online CALL English learning system was licensed specifically for the current ROCAFA English class; the new learning approach was developed, implemented, and evaluated. The goal of the study was to use the proposed blended learning approach to improve the cadets' English language listening and reading comprehension thereby increasing the number of cadets qualified for training in the US. The treatment was conducted with six classes of senior cadets in two groups over an eight-week period for three hours per week. The changes in ALCPT test achievement resulting from the treatment were found to have no statistically significant difference, but the experimental group actually showed greater improvement on the listening section, had more cadets (17) score higher than 70 than the control group (8), and had the only three cadets who scored higher than 80. In addition, the overall percentage of cadets in the two groups who scored higher than 70 (31.6%) was greater than the senior cadets of the last year, 2005 (16.8%). The cadets and the instructor in the experimental group, in general, had positive attitudes toward the use of the blended approach for learning and teaching.
Underwater acoustic signal separation based on prior estimation of the channel impulse response
Authors: S. Bonnifay
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

An underwater acoustic signals separation method based on prior information about the channel impulse response (IR) is presented. Using a sound speed profile measured in a real world environment, the IR of the ocean is estimated with normal mode theory and the ray tracing method. This propagation medium is characterized by a long duration finite IR composed alternatively of several intervals with null coefficients and peaks of non-zero amplitude that express the multi-path propagation. The channel IR characteristics are used as a prior knowledge to select intervals expected to contain non-zero coefficients to be adapted for separation filters estimation. Hence, the number of samples of filters to be adapted is highly reduced. The algorithm proposed by Yellin and Weinstein (1994) is used to successfully achieve the separation of two independent 16-QAM signals mixed in a realistic shallow water environment.
Speech concatenation and synthesis using an overlap-add sinusoidal model
Authors: M. W. Macon, M. A. Clements
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

In this paper, an algorithm for the concatenation of speech signal segments taken from disjoint utterances is presented. The algorithm is based on the analysis-by-synthesis/overlap-add (ABS/OLA) sinusoidal model, which is capable of performing high quality pitch- and time-scale modification of both speech and music signals. With the incorporation of concatenation and smoothing techniques, the model is capable of smoothing the transitions between separately-analyzed speech segments by matching the time- and frequency-domain characteristics of the signals at their boundaries. The application of these techniques in a text-to-speech system based on concatenation of diphone sinusoidal models is also presented.
Low-power video encoder/decoder using wavelet/TSVQ with conditional replenishment
Authors: W. Namgoong
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

This paper presents a low-power, low-complexity video encoder/decoder algorithm and architecture for portable video-conferencing applications. We encode each frame using wavelet decomposition followed by tree-structured vector quantization (TSVQ) of crossband vectors, achieving a compression ratio of 16:1 spatially. The temporal correlation between frames is exploited using conditional replenishment. For video commonly used in conferencing applications, conditional replenishment achieves a compression ratio of 4:1 temporally. Thus, the data rate for YUV (4:1:1) compressed video (176/spl times/144/spl times/30 fps) is 150 kbps on average with a PSNR of approximately 33 dB. The proposed scheme has an architectural simplicity, allowing the encoder and decoder to be performed on two separate chips. The power dissipated is estimated to be 7.2 mW for the encoder and 1.0 mW for the decoder in a 0.8 micron CMOS technology at 1.5 V.
Multi-choice versus descriptive examinations
Authors: R. W. Brown
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

Examinations using multi-choice questions can be automatically graded in a fraction of the time and cost of manually grading descriptive questions. There is much controversy concerning the efficacy of multi-choice questions in determining student ability, particularly in synthesis. Students also find such examinations confronting and generally prefer the chance to "express themselves". Random guessing can result in an undeserved grade. Negative points assigned to each question according to the number of choices, fixes this problem but students are scared of earning "negative points". Multiple-choice questions are very much more difficult to write than descriptive questions. However, considerable experience has been built up in the nature and use of multiple-choice examinations in all the areas mentioned. Written properly, multiple-choice examinations correlate strongly with assessments by descriptive tests. In this paper, a sampling of rules and techniques of writing multichoice-questions is given together with the experience gained using multi-choice tests.
BAR Gossip
Authors: Harry C. Li, Allen Clement, Edmund L. Wong, Jeff Napper, Indrajit Roy, Lorenzo Alvisi, Michael Dahlin
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 7 (2006)

We present the first peer-to-peer data streaming application that guarantees predictable throughput and low latency in the BAR (Byzantine/Altruistic/Rational) model, in which non-altruistic nodes can behave in ways that are self-serving (rational) or arbitrarily malicious (Byzantine). At the core of our solution is a BAR-tolerant version of gossip, a well-known technique for scalable and reliable data dissemination. BAR Gossip relies on verifiable pseudo-random partner selection to eliminate non-determinism that can be used to game the system while maintaining the robustness and rapid convergence of traditional gossip. A novel fair enough exchange primitive entices cooperation among selfish nodes on short timescales, avoiding the need for long-term node reputations. Our initial experience provides evidence for BAR Gossip's robustness. Our BAR-tolerant streaming application provides over 99% convergence for broadcast updates when all clients are selfish but not colluding, and over 95% convergence when up to 40% of clients collude while the rest follow the protocol. BAR Gossip also performs well when the client population consists of both selfish and Byzantine nodes, achieving over 93% convergence even when 20% of the nodes are Byzantine.
Theoretical study on a new information entropy and its use in attribute reduction
Authors: Ping Luo, Qing He, Zhongzhi Shi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics (2005)

The positive region in rough set framework and Shannon conditional entropy are two traditional uncertainty measurements, used usually as heuristic metrics in attribute reduction. In this paper first a new information entropy is systematically compared with Shannon entropy, which shows its competence of another new uncertainty measurement. Then given a decision system we theoretically analyze the variance of these three metrics under two reverse circumstances, Those are when condition (decision) granularities merge while decision (condition) granularities remain unchanged. The conditions that keep these measurements unchanged in the above different situations are also figured out. These results help us to give a new information view of attribute reduction and propose more clear understanding of the quantitative relations between these different views, defined by the above three uncertainty measurements. It shows that the requirement of reducing a condition attribute in new information view is more rigorous than the ones in the latter two views and these three views are equivalent in a consistent decision system.
Quantitative analysis of leakage for multi-threaded programs
Authors: Han Chen, Pasquale Malacaria
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Programming languages and analysis for security (2007)

We present a quantitative analysis of information flow for a multi-threaded language based on a probabilistic scheduler. The analysis consists of two steps. First, multi-threaded programs are translated into single-thread looping programs with a probabilistic operator. Then an information theoretical semantics of loops with probabilistic operators is used to derive the leakage. Using this analysis classical examples of multi-threaded programs are revisited: it is shown how the analysis is able to deal with, among other, probabilistic leakage, internally observable timing leakage and leakage originated by observing intermediate states of computation
A high performance carry-save to signed-digit recoder for fused addition-multiplication
Authors: Wen-Chang Yeh
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

In this paper, we present a carry-save to signed-digit (CS2SD) recoder with high performance and small area. The recoder can be employed in common fused addition-multiplication operation which is widely used in various signal-processing applications. Our design shows 18% area-time product improvement over the traditional designs.
Parsing aligned parallel corpus by projecting syntactic relations from annotated source corpus
Authors: Shailly Goyal, Niladri Chatterjee
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

Example-based parsing has already been proposed in literature. In particular, attempts are being made to develop techniques for language pairs where the source and target languages are different, e.g. Direct Projection Algorithm (Hwa et al., 2005). This enables one to develop parsed corpus for target languages having fewer linguistic tools with the help of a resource-rich source language. The DPA algorithm works on the assumption of Direct Correspondence which simply means that the relation between two words of the source language sentence can be projected directly between the corresponding words of the parallel target language sentence. However, we find that this assumption does not hold good all the time. This leads to wrong parsed structure of the target language sentence. As a solution we propose an algorithm called pseudo DPA (pDPA) that can work even if Direct Correspondence assumption is not guaranteed. The proposed algorithm works in a recursive manner by considering the embedded phrase structures from outermost level to the innermost. The present work discusses the pDPA algorithm, and illustrates it with respect to English-Hindi language pair. Link Grammar based parsing has been considered as the underlying parsing scheme for this work.
A QoS-based selection approach of autonomic grid services
Authors: Jonatha Anselmi, Danilo Ardagna, Paolo Cremonesi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Service-oriented computing performance: aspects, issues, and approaches (2007)

The Web service composition (WSC) is the process of building an instance of an abstract workflow by combining appropriate Web services that satisfies given QoS requirements. In general, QoS requirements consists of a number of constraints. The selection process requires global optimization and can be formalized as a mixed integer linear programming problem which cannot be solved in polynomial time. However, since the number of submitted workflows is large and the QoS is highly dynamic, the fast selection of composite Web Services is particularly important. In this paper, we present a QoS broker-based framework for Web services execution in autonomic grid environments. The main goal of the framework is to support the broker in selecting Web services based on the required QoS. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel approach: since successive composed Web services requests can have the same task to Web service assignment, we address the Multiple Instance WSC (MI-WSC) problem optimizing simultaneously the set of requests which will be submitted to the system in the successive time interval instead of independently computing a solution for each incoming request. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance with respect to existing techniques. Moreover, the qualities of the selected composite Web services are not significantly different from the optimal ones.
Evaluation of Motion Segmentation Quality for Aircraft Activity Surveillance
Authors: J. Aguilera, H. Wildenauer, M. Kampel, M. Borg
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (2005)

Recent interest has been shown in performance evaluation of visual surveillance systems. The main purpose of performance evaluation on computer vision systems is the statistical testing and tuning in order to improve algorithm's reliability and robustness. In this paper we investigate the use of empirical discrepancy metrics for quantitative analysis of motion segmentation algorithms. We are concerned with the case of visual surveillance on an airport's apron, that is the area where aircrafts are parked and serviced by specialized ground support vehicles. Robust detection of individuals and vehicles is of major concern for the purpose of tracking objects and understanding the scene. In this paper, different discrepancy metrics for motion segmentation evaluation are illustrated and used to assess the performance of three motion segmentors on video sequences of an airport's apron.
Industry-sponsored student design teams in engineering at the University of Tennessee
Authors: W. J. Bales
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

The objective of this paper is to describe industry-sponsored student design activities in several departments of the College of Engineering at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (USA). Student design activities have flourished in these departments for several years. This paper seeks to document the essential elements of these activities, compare common features and point out differences.
Achieving an acceptable design model for autonomic systems
Authors: Simon Dobson
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Autonomic systems present unique design challenges, in that their individual adaptive components may interact in complex ways which defeat traditional approaches to design, analysis and implementation. We argue for a more holistic approach to design, and identify some key properties that are necessary for next-generation design methods.
Intelligent Optimization Approach of Eigenstructure Assignment Based Flight Control for Advanced Fighter
Authors: Yong Fan, Ji-hong Zhu, Zeng-qi Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

An intelligent optimization approach is proposed for eigenstructure assignment (EA) via neural network (NN) adjusting the components of output vector autonomously. The Basic idea is to minimize the L2 norm of error between the desired vector and achievable vector using the designing freedom provided by EA technique. Besides adjusting the output vector parameters, the closed-loop eigenvalues are also optimized within desired regions on the left-half complex plane to ensure both closed-loop stability and dynamical performance. With the proposed approach, additional closed-loop specifications such as decoupling of different modes and robustness can also be easily achieved. As a demonstration, application of the proposed approach to the designing of flight control law for an advanced fighter is discussed. The results show good closed loop performance and validate the proposed intelligent optimization approach of EA technique.
Supporting creativity: investigating the role of computer-supported awareness in distributed collaboration
Authors: Umer Farooq
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity cognition (2007)

My dissertation research investigates the design and evaluation of activity awareness to support creativity in small groups working on a long-term, collaborative scientific activity in a distributed setting.
Nice experiences teaching SP in Argentina
Authors: D. Jacoby
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

This paper discusses the following problems: how to show to the authorities that DSP is a subject important enough to have a place in the EE curricula in a developing country; how to make a student interested in DSP and at the same time understand the theoretical aspects involved. Practice vs. theory is the main tool. A description of substantial aspects of teaching in a developing country is made, characterizing its environment and limitations. The contents of the courses are developed and justified, as well as a vision of the future of SP education in these latitudes.
Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Sharing in the Mobile Environment
Authors: Marcin Matuszewski, Sergey Balandin
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing (2007)

This paper discusses knowledge sharing in the corporate environment. It studies different barriers for knowledge sharing as well as incentive programs that are aiming to motivate employees to engage in the knowledge sharing activity. Finally it presents a new Peer-to-Peer (P2P) knowledge sharing paradigm and the architecture of a mobile peer-to-peer knowledge sharing system. The proposed P2P knowledge sharing paradigm addresses the major issues of mobile communication as well as human aspects of social interactions. It supports communities and utilizes strengths of peer-to-peer social networks. The system implementation proves technical feasibility of the proposed approach.
Quantizer optimization in hybrid digital-analog transmission of analog source signals
Authors: H. Coward
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

The paper proposes a system for combined source-channel coding for transmitting continuous amplitude source symbols on a discrete time, continuous amplitude channel. Two channel symbols are generated for each source symbol. The channel contains additive, white, Gaussian noise, and the measure of quality is the MSE of the reconstructed signal. The coder quantizes the symbols and transmits both the quantized symbol and the quantization error. The quantizer representation values and decision levels are optimized numerically. The results indicate that the use of a uniform quantizer is nearly optimal for a uniformly distributed source. Comparison to another combined source-channel coder designed for a binary channel reveals that the proposed system performs significantly better than the reference systems, more than 5 dB for every channel SNR above 15 dB.
Inclusive thinking in computer science education
Authors: Vicki L. Hanson
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2007)

On average, one in every five people has a disability. There is a growing, worldwide attention to the rights and needs of disabled users to access information technologies (IT). This technology is not simply for recreational use, but in many cases is a disabled user's lifeline to services and a path to employment. To address this issue, there has been enactment of legislation in countries worldwide aimed at making technology accessible. Such legislation has led to the creation of standards, guidelines, and checklists for accessibility, with the goal of having a common understanding of what is needed to make IT accessible and thereby enabling developers to create accessible applications. Despite these efforts, however, technology remains largely unusable for people with disabilities. A number of factors may contribute to this state. Here we consider one of the key factors--that developers, in large part, do not understand and are not attuned to the needs of disabled users. The checklists are not intuitive and provide developers with little insight into the very real problems that disabled users have with computing. Moreover, these checklists address issues of "compliance", but do not meet the needs of a large number of users whose needs fall outside of traditional accessibility concerns. Older adults are an excellent example of users whose needs are often not considered during development. A conference theater event will highlight computer use by persons with disabilities. Following up on that event, inclusive design in computer science education will be considered. The focus will be on populations that are often not considered in the design process.