ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Configuring Online Problem-Solving Resources with the Internet Reasoning Service
Authors: Monica Crubézy, Mark A. Musen, Enrico Motta, Wenjin Lu
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2003)

Many Web resources are dynamic services that provide some functionality for end users. Existing service-providing resources, however, tend to be "integral." For instance, online services for data analysis are available, but usually it is impossible to modify the underlying reasoning system, to configure it for a different domain, or to integrate different services to produce new functionalities. One solution to this problem would be a technological framework that provides sophisticated online problem-solving resources that are configurable for different applications. Toward that end, the Internet Reasoning Service is a Web-based front end that lets developers prototype knowledge-based applications quickly out of reusable problem-solving resources in distributed libraries. The ultimate aim is to make reliable problem-solving technology available to a wider audience and to provide the level of intelligent support that allows rapid generation of Web-based knowledge applications.
A Graph-Theoretic Decomposition of the Job Shop Scheduling Problem to Achieve Scheduling Robustness
Authors: S. David Wu, Eui-Seok Byeon, Robert H. Storer
Venue: Operations Research (1999)

In this paper we study the weighted tardiness job-shop scheduling problem, taking into consideration the presence of random shop disturbances. A basic thesis of the paper is that global scheduling performance is determined primarily by a subset of the scheduling decisions to be made. By making these decisions in an a priori static fashion, which maintains a global perspective, overall performance efficiency can be achieved. Further, by allowing the remaining decisions to be made dynamically, flexibility can be retained in the schedule to compensate for unforeseen system disturbances. We develop a decomposition method that partitions job operations into an ordered sequence of subsets. This decomposition identifies and resolves a "crucial subset" of scheduling decisions through the use of a branch-and-bound algorithm. We conduct computational experiments that demonstrate the performance of the approach under deterministic cases, and the robustness of the approach under a wide range of processing time perturbations. We show that the performance of the method is superior, particularly for low to medium levels of disturbances.
On some simplifications of the axiomatization of monoidal logic
Authors: Siegfried Gottwald
Venue: Technologies for constructing intelligent systems: tools (2002)

The class of t-norms has gained central importance in considerations on fuzzy sets as well as in fuzzy logic, mainly because they are natural candidates for non-idempotent conjunction and intersection operations.For an inferential, and therefore syntactical treatment of such t-norm based conjunction connectives one needs an axiomatic basis, either for some particular t-norm, or preferably for whole classes of t-norms. Monoidal logic was a first attempt to find a logical calculus designed to handle the case of left continuous t-norms. Here its axiomatization shall be simplified and transformed in such a way that it becomes easy to compare monoidal logic syntactically with other, more recent systems for the treatment of t-norm based logics.
The effects of interdisciplinary instruction on simulation performance
Authors: Robert A. Clark, Kathy A. Paulson Gjerde, Deborah Skinner
Venue: Simulation and Gaming (2003)

Simulations are often used in business courses to expose students to real-world decision making. This study examines the implications of specific subject matter intervention by faculty members in economics and marketing on the choices made by students and the consequences of those choices in an online finance simulation. The findings, although mixed, suggest that an interdisciplinary intervention in an online finance simulation has the potential to improve the quality of decisions made and, consequently, overall student performance, especially when intervention material is new to the students.
Design and Implementation of Bridge between CORBA and DCE
Authors: Dong-Jin Kim, Han Namgoong, Young-Chul Lew
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (1997)

This paper considers a bridge which can be used for the communication between Common Object Request Broker Architecture(CORBA) and Distributed Computing Environment(DCE). A bridge can overcome the heterogeneity of different distributed middleware platform. The key point in creating bridges is the design and implementation of the mapping function and Interface Definition Languages(IDL) translation enabling communication between them. The main work addressed in this paper involves the design and implementation of a couple of technologies: First, IDL translation tool which translates an existing DCE interface definition into an equivalent CORBA interface definition. Second, a bridge code generation tool which automatically generates a CORBA-to-DCE bridge, based on a DCE interface definition.
Program for finding out number of Smarandache distinct reciprocal partititon of unity of a given length
Authors: Amarnath Murthy
Venue: Smarandache notions (2002)

Smarandache Distinct Reciprocal partition of unity for a given length 'n' is defined as the number of ways in which unity can be expressed as the sum of the reciprocals of 'n' distinct numbers. In this note a program in 'C' is given.
A Modeling Framework for Category Assortment Planning
Authors: Juin-Kuan Chong, Teck-Hua Ho, Christopher S. Tang
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2001)

The complexity of managing a category assortment has grown tremendously in recent years due to the increased product turnover and proliferation rates in most categories. It is an increasingly difficult task for managers to find an effective assortment due to uncertain consumer preferences and the exponential number of possible assortments. This paper presents an empirically based modeling framework for managers to assess the revenue and lost sales implication of alternative category assortments. Coupled with a local improvement heuristic, the modeling framework generates an alternative category assortment with higher revenue.This framework, which consists of a category-purchase-incidence model and a brand-share model, is calibrated and validated using 60,000 shopping trips and purchase records. Specifically, the purchase-incidence model predicts the probability of an individual customer who purchases (and who does not purchase) from a given product category during a shopping trip. The no-purchase probability enables us to estimate lost sales due to assortment changes in the category. The brand-share model predicts which brand the customer chooses if a purchase incidence occurs in the category. Our brand-share model extends the classical Guadagni and Little model (1983) by utilizing three new brand-width measures that quantify the similarities among products of different brands within the same category.We illustrate how our modeling framework is used to reconfigure the category assortment in eight food categories for five stores in our data set. This reconfiguration exercise shows that a reconfigured category assortment can have a profit improvement of up to 25.1% with 32 products replaced. We also demonstrate how our modeling framework can be used to gauge lost sales due to assortment changes. We find the level of lost sales could range from 0.9% to 10.2% for a period of 26 weeks.
Numerical solution of a Stefan-like problem in Bingham rheology
Authors: Jiří Nedoma
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

Many physical as well as geodynamical and technological processes connected with heat and diffusion involving phase-change phenomena lead to solve free boundary problems of Stefan-like type. In this paper, a generalized two-phase Stefan-like problem is formulated and discussed. The method used is based on the weak formulation in enthalpy formulation, on Bingham rheology, on concentration of solid (visco-plastic) and liquid (strongly viscoplastic with very low threshold of plasticity) components and the finite element technique. The existence of the solution of the continuous problem and of its FE approximation are presented and discussed.
An iterative mixed integer programming method for classification accuracy maximizing discriminant analysis
Authors: J. J. Glen
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2003)

Linear discriminant functions which maximize the number of correctly classified observations in a training sample can be generated by a mixed integer programming (MIP) discriminant analysis model in which a binary variable is associated with each observation, but because of the computational requirements this model can only be applied to relatively small problems. In this paper, an iterative MIP method is developed to allow classification accuracy maximizing discriminant functions to be generated for problems with many more observations than can be considered by the standard MIP formulation. Using minimization of the sum of deviations as the objective, a mathematical programming discriminant analysis model is first used to generate a discriminant function for the complete set of observations. A neighborhood of observations about this function is then defined and a MIP model is used to generate a discriminant function that maximizes classification accuracy within this neighborhood. The process of defining a neighborhood about the most recently generated discriminant function and solving a neighborhood MIP model is repeated until there is no improvement in the total number of observations classified correctly. This new iterative MIP method is applied to a two-group problem involving 690 observations.
Some legal implications of the use of computers in the banking business
Authors: Roy N. Freed
Venue: Communications of the ACM (1963)

The introduction of computers into the banking business has a wide variety of legal implications that merit careful attention at this very early stage. The industry is highly regulated by government and, hence, is subject to many statutes and regulations. It also is affected by important common law rules established by courts. The legal ramifications involve not only the mechanization itself, but also the very significant, economically attractive phenomenon of off premises processing. It is essential to identify and provide for many legal aspects right now, before systems and practices crystallize, in order to avoid the later impact of unanticipated physical complications and expense.The legal aspects of computerization in the banking business are especially diverse. In some states, there might be the basic question whether banks are authorized by law to invest in the new facilities, either directly or through cooperatives. More challenging are questions relating to off-premises processors, particularly with respect to the obligation not to disclose information concerning a bank's customers, the adequacy of fidelity bond coverage, the extent of liability for improper refusal to pay a check, and susceptibility to regulation by government agencies. Also pertinent is the propriety of data processing by banks for nonbank entities and particularly of the rendering of that service without charge for bank depositors.
Optimal Component Configuration and Component Routing
Authors: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos, Miltiades E. Anagnostou
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2002)

Code mobility and mobile agents have received a lot of attention as a paradigm based on which distributed applications can be built. There has been little work however on the mathematical modeling of component mobility. In this direction, we present and analyze three optimization models for component mobility. We are seeking the optimal allocation of components to network nodes and the optimal component routes that will minimize the network traffic that is incurred in the course of component communication. Optimal solutions are found either through a Mixed Binary Integer Programming formulation or by employing max flow computations. Complexity results are also reported.
Frame-based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for a MPEG decoder
Authors: Kihwan Choi, Karthik Dantu, Wei-Chung Cheng, Massoud Pedram
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

This paper describes a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique for MPEG decoding to reduce the energy consumption while maintaining a quality of servic(QoS) constraint. The computational workload for an incoming frame is predicted using a frame-based history so that the processor voltage and frequency can be scaled to provide the exact amount of computing power needed to decode the frame. More precisely, the required decoding time for each frame is separated into two parts: a frame-dependent (FD) part and a frame-independent (FI) part. The FD part varies greatly according to the type of the incoming frame whereas the FI part remains constant regardless of the frame type. In the DVFS scheme presented in this paper the FI part is used to compensate for the prediction error that may occur during the FD part such that a significant amount of energy can be saved while meeting the frame rate requirement. The proposed DVFS algorithm has been implemented on a StrongArm-1110 based evaluation board. Measurement results demonstrate a higher than 50% CPU energy saving as a result of DVFS.
Global manufacturing virtual network (GMVN): its dynamic position in the spectrum of manufacturing collaborations
Authors: Yongjiang Shi, Mike Gregory
Venue: Managing virtual web organizations in the 21st century: issues and challenges (2002)

This paper seeks to understand the relationship between virtual organizations (VOs) and international strategic alliances (ISAs) in the manufacturing industry. Aiming to develop frameworks demonstrating the position and role of the global manufacturing virtual network (GMVN) in the spectrum between VO and ISA, the paper suggests that GMVNs represent a new form of manufacturing system based on Internet interfirm collaborations.
Optimization of an internationally distributed air: ground airline telecommunication system
Authors: Antoine Kreidi, Brunilde Sansò
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2003)

This paper presents the problem of optimally dimensioning a new geographically distributed computer system that handles all communications between aircraft and airline operation centers. Since computers are distributed on three continents, the service demand per site (as measured by messages to be treated) can vary greatly with the time of day.The model optimizes costs while taking advantage of the variation of demand over time and the sharing of load among the sites. The model is a mixed integer program with non-linear constraints. An algorithm is proposed to solve the problem to optimality. Test data provided by SITA were used to evaluate the quality of the solution.
Managing Mergers Across Borders: a Two-Nation Exploration of a Nationally Bound Administrative Heritage
Authors: Michael Lubatkin, Roland Calori, Philippe Very, John F. Veiga
Venue: Organization Science (1998)

Top managers of British and French firms, which were recently acquired by either British or French firms, were surveyed as to their perceptions of the administrative approach-reflected in integrating mechanisms-used by the acquiring firms to establish headquarters-subsidiary control. Four types of integrative mechanisms were examined: structural, systems, social, and managerial. A multiple analysis of covariance model, coupled with a two-nation (British and French), two-merger type (domestic, cross-national) sampling design, found evidence that the administrative approaches used by managers during merger integration from two nations partially reflect their different heritages, and that these differences are consistent with national differences and the theoretical perspectives of institutional development and cross-cultural studies. Our findings, while exploratory, provide insight into the administrative difficulties of managing across borders and help us understand why many cross-national firms continue to use ethnocentric approaches in spite of the incentives for adopting a transnational approach. Moreover, our findings add one more voice to a growing chorus calling for a theory of the firm, as embedded, institutionally, culturally, and historically.
Reimagining the Differentiation and Integration of Work for Sustained Product Innovation
Authors: Deborah Dougherty
Venue: Organization Science (2001)

This study describes the image of organizing that underlies a complex organization's ability to incorporate streams of innovation with continuing operations. I argue that a mechanistic organization archetype prevents people from seeing in their minds' eyes--from imagining--how to do the work of innovation organizationwide, but that theorists have failed to articulate an alternative to this archetype in its own terms. The study focuses on two elements of organizing: the differentiation and the integration of work. I build grounded theory for an alternate, innovative archetype of organizing by exploring the shared image of work differentiation and integration in twelve firms that vary in innovative ability. I find a fundamentally different image in innovative organizations that is centered on hands-on practice: People understand value creation as a long-term working relationship with customers, in which they apply the firm's skills to anticipate and solve customer problems. This practice is differentiated into distinct problems in value creation, each of which embodies the integral flow of work like a lateral slice, but which situates those problems in their own contexts. People understand themselves to be organized in an autonomous community of practice that takes charge of one of the problems. The communities of practice are integrated by standards for action: vivid, simple representations of value that frame work and that are reenacted in practice.The analysis details this different image of organizing by describing four autonomous communities of practice and contrasting them with the image of organizing found in noninnovative firms. The paper illustrates how this new image straightforwardly organizes and controls innovative work, and how the noninnovative image of differentiation and integration makes this work unimaginable. I conclude that innovation can be incorporated with continuing operations, provided that managers and theorists reimagine the differentiation and integration of work. I offer preliminary ideas for doing so, and suggest some next steps in this research stream.
Network Structure in Virtual Organizations
Authors: Manju K. Ahuja, Kathleen M. Carley
Venue: Organization Science (1999)

Virtual organizations that use e-mail to communicate and coordinate their work toward a common goal are becoming ubiquitous. However, little is known about how these organizations work. Much prior research suggests that virtual organizations, for the most part because they use information technology to communicate, will be decentralized and nonhierarchical. This paper examines the behavior of one such organization. The analysis is based on a case study of the communication structure and content of communications among members of a virtual organization during a four-month period. We empirically measure the structure of a virtual organization and find evidence of hierarchy. The findings imply that the communication structure of a virtual organization may exhibit different properties on different dimensions of structure. We also examine the relationship among task routineness, organizational structure, and performance. Results indicate that the fit between structure and task routineness affects the perception of performance, but may not affect the actual performance of the organization. Thus, this virtual organization is similar to traditional organizations in some ways and dissimilar in other ways. It was similar to traditional organizations in so far as task-structure fit predicted perceived performance. However, it was dissimilar to traditional organizations in so far as fit did not predict objective performance. To the extent that the virtual organizations may be similar to traditional organizations, existing theories can be expanded to study the structure and perceived performance of virtual organizations. New theories may need to be developed to explain objective performance in virtual organizations.
Voting: user experience, technology and practice
Authors: Ted Selker, Eric A. Fischer, Benjamin B. Bederson, Conny Mccormack, Clifford Nass
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This panel brings together usability and voting experts to discuss voting user experience in American governmental elections. Technological improvements and voting debacles have made this a special time for improving voting user experience. Can technologists improve the confidence citizens have in the voting system? What are the roles of teaching materials, registration processes, ballot design, polling place practices, equipment manufacturer relationships, and other human computer interaction processes in elections? Voting officials and politicians are eager for improvements in voting.This panel includes speakers from government and the CHI community to present legislative perspective, usability evaluation approach, administrators' view and behavioral science's suggestions for voting interface evaluation, design and deployment.
Identifying Communities of Practice through Ontology Network Analysis
Authors: Harith Alani, Srinandan Dasmahapatra, Kieron O'Hara, Nigel Shadbolt
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2003)

This article describes Ontocopi, a tool for identifying communities of practice by analyzing ontologies of relevant working domains. Ontocopi spots patterns in ontological formal relations, traversing the ontology from instance to instance via selected relations. The authors describe experiments with an academic ontology, showing how altering threshold settings, temporal settings, and weights applied to relations affect COP composition.
Developing Web Services for C and C++
Authors: Robert van Engelen, Gunjan Gupta, Saurabh Pant
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2003)

gSOAP is a platform-independent development environment for deploying efficient SOAP/XML Web services in C and C++.
Reduced-Load Equivalence and Induced Burstiness in GPS Queues with Long-Tailed Traffic Flows
Authors: Sem Borst, Onno Boxma, Predrag Jelenković
Venue: Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (2003)

We analyze the queueing behavior of long-tailed traffic flows under the Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) discipline. We show a sharp dichotomy in qualitative behavior, depending on the relative values of the weight parameters. For certain weight combinations, an individual flow with long-tailed traffic characteristics is effectively served at a constant rate. The effective service rate may be interpreted as the maximum average traffic rate for the flow to be stable, which is only influenced by the traffic characteristics of the other flows through their average rates. In particular, the flow is essentially immune from excessive activity of flows with &lsquo;heavier&rsquo;-tailed traffic characteristics. In many situations, the effective service rate is simply the link rate reduced by the aggregate average rate of the other flows. This confirms that GPS-based scheduling algorithms provide a potential mechanism for extracting significant multiplexing gains, while isolating individual flows. For other weight combinations however, a flow may be strongly affected by the activity of &lsquo;heavier&rsquo;-tailed flows, and may inherit their traffic characteristics, causing induced burstiness. The stark contrast in qualitative behavior illustrates the crucial importance of the weight parameters.