ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Training Data for Handwriting Recognition of Whiteboard Notes with Samples from a Different Database
Authors: Marcus Liwicki, Horst Bunke
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Recognition of unconstrained handwritten text is still a challenge. In this paper we consider a new problem, which is the recognition of notes written on a whiteboard. Our recognizer is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). As it is difficult to acquire sufficient amounts of training data for the HMMs we propose two strategies for enlarging the training set. Both strategies are based on an existing database of off-line handwritten text, which includes handwriting samples different from whiteboard data. The two proposed strategies are MAP adaptation and merging of training sets. With these methods we can achieve improvements of the word recognition rate of up to 5.7%.
A Security Gateway System for Medical Communication Networks Inter-Hospital Use of the Secure Socket Layer
Authors: Tomoaki OIDA, Tohru OKUYAMA, Marion R. , . Jr Finley
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services (2005)

Recently, the Japanese government has decided to introduce an electronic medical record system in hospitals and medical establishments throughout Japan. However, these will not be stand-alone systems alone, since one of the main purposes behind the government's decision is the ability to share patient information among different medical facilities. Essentially, a medical record contains the personal data of patients. Thus, secure data transmission is required in order to share such records through the public network like the Internet. In our previous work, we defined a three layered medical information network model and a medical security gateway (MSG) which connects several hospitals by using some security enhancement technologies for public networks. Moreover, the medical open policy service (M-OPS) is considered as a security policy delivery system to MSG. In this paper, we shall describe an experimental network for realizing secure communication and an implementation of MSG and M-OPS. Unfortunately, only Secure Socket Layer technology is treated as an example of possible security enhancement technologies. However, we are convinced that the same method may be used for other security technologies.
Defending against hitlist worms using network address space randomization
Authors: S. Antonatos, P. Akritidis, E. P. Markatos, K. G. Anagnostakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Rapid malcode (2005)

Worms are self-replicating malicious programs that represent a major security threat for the Internet, as they can infect and damage a large number of vulnerable hosts at timescales where human responses are unlikely to be effective. Sophisticated worms that use precomputed hitlists of vulnerable targets are especially hard to contain, since they are harder to detect, and spread at rates where even automated defenses may not be able to react in a timely fashion.This paper examines a new proactive defense mechanism called Network Address Space Randomization (NASR) whose objective is to harden networks specifically against hitlist worms. The idea behind NASR is that hitlist information could be rendered stale if nodes are forced to frequently change their IP addresses. NASR limits or slows down hitlist worms and forces them to exhibit features that make them easier to contain at the perimeter. We explore the design space for NASR and present a prototype implementation as well as preliminary experiments examining the effectiveness and limitations of the approach.
MALLET-A Multi-Agent Logic Language for Encoding Teamwork
Authors: Xiaocong Fan, John Yen, Michael Miller Thomas R. Ioerger, Richard Volz
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2006)

MALLET, a Multi-Agent Logic Language for Encoding Teamwork, is intended to enable expression of teamwork emulating human teamwork, allowing experimentation with different levels and forms of inferred team intelligence. A consequence of this goal is that the actual teamwork behavior is determined by the level of intelligence built into the underlying system as well as the semantics of the language. In this paper, we give the design objectives, the syntax, and an operational semantics for MALLET in terms of a transition system. We show how the semantics can be used to reason about the behaviors of team-based agents. The semantics can also be used to guide the implementation of various MALLET interpreters emulating different forms of team intelligence, as well as formally study the properties of team-based agents specified in MALLET. We have explored various forms of proactive information exchange behavior embodied in human teamwork using the CAST system, which implements a built-in MALLET interpreter.
Pretending that Systems Are Secure
Authors: S. W. Smith
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2005)

We look at the societal aspects in this installment: the formal education process through which we train students, young and old, to be effective cyber-citizens; and the media coverage and editorializing process through which we express (or perhaps imprint) ethical judgment.
Stop Whining about Outsourcing!
Authors: David Patterson
Venue: Queue (2005)

I&rsquo;m sick of hearing all the whining about how outsourcing is going to migrate all IT jobs to the country with the lowest wages. The paranoia inspired by this domino theory of job migration causes American and West European programmers to worry about India, Indian programmers to worry about China, Chinese programmers to worry about the Czech Republic, and so on. Domino theorists must think all IT jobs will go to the Republic of Elbonia, the extremely poor, fourth-world, Eastern European country featured in the Dilbert comic strip.
A Multicast Transport Driver for Globus XIO
Authors: Karl Jeacle, Jon Crowcroft
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprise (2005)

In recent years, much work has been done on attempting to scale multicast data transmission to hundreds or thousands of receivers. There are, however, many situations where an application might involve transmission to just ten or twenty sites. Today's Grid environments, for example, see High Energy Physicists carry out multi-gigabyte bulk data transfers to a handful of destinations. In this project, we are investigating how TCP-XM, a modified version of TCP that supports multicast, can be integrated with Globus to to provide Grid users with a reliable multicast transport protocol. Our approach has been to use Globus XIO - an eXtensible Input/Output library for Globus, that provides a POSIX-like API to swappable I/O implementations. We have wrapped TCP-XM in XIO to extend Globus to support multicast transmission. This paper describes the implementation and operation of our Globus XIO multicast driver, reviews the TCP-XM protocol design, and provides some experimental results.
On Appearance-Based Feature Extraction Methods for Writer-Independent Handwritten Text Recognition
Authors: Gernot A. Fink, Thomas Plotz
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Most successful systems for the recognition of unconstrained handwriting currently rely on expert-crafted feature sets that compute local geometric properties from text images. However, by applying appearance based analysis techniques appropriate features could be derived from training data automatically. Therefore, in this paper several different methods for computing appearance-based feature representations are investigated and compared to the performance of a state-of-the-art writer-independent recognition system based on geometric features. In extensive experiments promising results were obtained on a challenging recognition task.
Secure capabilities for a petabyte-scale object-based distributed file system
Authors: Christopher Olson, Ethan L. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Storage security and survivability (2005)

Recently, the Network-Attached Secure Disk (NASD) model has become a more widely used technique for constructing large-scale storage systems. However, the security system proposed for NASD assumes that each client will contact the server to get a capability to access one object on a server. While this approach works well in smaller-scale systems in which each file is composed of a few objects, it fails for large-scale systems in which thousands of clients make accesses to a single file composed of thousands of objects spread across thousands of disks. The file system we are building, Ceph, distributes files across many objects and disks to distribute load and improve reliability. In such a system, the metadata server cluster will sometimes see thousands of open requests for the same file within seconds. To address this bottleneck, we propose new authentication protocols for object-based storage systems in which a sequence of fixed-size objects comprise a file and flash crowds are likely. We qualitatively evaluated the security and risks of each protocol, and, using traces of a scientific application, compared the overhead of each protocol. We found that, surprisingly, a protocol using public key cryptography incurred little extra cost while providing greater security than a protocol using only symmetric key cryptography.
The art of seeing: visual perception in design and evaluation of non-photorealistic rendering
Authors: Anthony Santella
Venue:  (2005)

Visual displays such as art and illustration benefit from concise presentation of information. We present several approaches for simplifying photographs to create such concise, artistically abstracted images. The difficulty of abstraction lies in selecting what is important. These approaches apply models of human vision, models of image structure, and new methods of interaction to select important content. Important locations are identified from eye movement recordings. Using a perceptual model, features are then preserved where the viewer looked, and removed elsewhere. Several visual styles using this method are presented. The perceptual motivation for these techniques makes predictions about how they should effect viewers. In this context, we validate our approach using experiments that measure eye movements over these images. Results also provide some interesting insights into artistic abstraction and human visual perception.
Duality in Multivalued Complementarity Theory by Using Inversions and Scalar Derivatives
Authors: G. Isac, S. Z. Németh
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2005)

We present in this paper several results related to the study of multivalued complementarity problems. Our results are based on the notions of exceptional family of elements and infinitesimal exceptional family of elements. A duality between these notions and the scalar derivatives are also used. The duality is achieved by using inversions.
SIGACT news complexity theory column 49
Authors: Lane A. Hemaspaandra
Venue: ACM SIGACT News (2005)

Warmest thanks to Neil Immerman for this issue's column, which is on Progress in Descriptive Complexity. (As you can see in this column, Neil is the rare writer whose italic lines truly deserve the italics.) This issue should reach your hands shortly before winter intersession, and I'd highly recommend that, if you don't already own Neil's wonderful book Descriptive Complexity ([I] in this column's bibliography), you consider visiting your school's library and bringing it home for holidays.
Video Data Mining: Mining Semantic Patterns with temporal constraints from Movies
Authors: Kimiaki Shirahama, Koichi Ideno, Kuniaki Uehara
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

For efficient video data management, 'video data mining' is required to discover 'semantic patterns' which are not only previously unknown and interesting, but also associated with semantically relevant events ('semantic events') in movies. In order to extract semantic patterns from a movie, we firstly represent it as a multi-stream of raw level metadata that abstracts the semantic information of the movie. Then, regarding to the temporal characteristic of the semantic event of the movie, we extract sequential patterns which are obtained by connecting temporally close and strongly associated symbols in the multi-stream of raw level metadata. We also propose a parallel data mining method in order to reduce the expensive computational cost. Finally, we verify whether the extracted patterns can be considered as semantic patterns or not.
Graph Theoretic and Spectral Analysis of Enron Email Data
Authors: Anurat Chapanond, Mukkai S. Krishnamoorthy, Bülent Yener
Venue: Computational Mathematical Organization Theory (2005)

Analysis of social networks to identify communities and model their evolution has been an active area of recent research. This paper analyzes the Enron email data set to discover structures within the organization. The analysis is based on constructing an email graph and studying its properties with both graph theoretical and spectral analysis techniques. The graph theoretical analysis includes the computation of several graph metrics such as degree distribution, average distance ratio, clustering coefficient and compactness over the email graph. The spectral analysis shows that the email adjacency matrix has a rank-2 approximation. It is shown that preprocessing of data has significant impact on the results, thus a standard form is needed for establishing a benchmark data.
Matching Semantic Web Services across Heterogeneous Ontologies
Authors: Ruiqiang Guo, Dehua Chen, Jiajin Le
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

The service discovery based on semantic description plays an important role in the process of Web Service composition. Traditional approaches to modeling semantic similarity between Web Services compute subsume relationship for function parameters in service profiles within a single ontology. In this paper, we introduce a new graph theoretic framework based on bipartite graph matching for finding the best correspondences among function parameters belonging to advertisement and request. On computing semantic similarity between a pair of function parameters, we present a novel similarity function determining similar entity which relaxes the requirement of a single ontology and accounts for the different ontology specifications.
Procedural content creation and technologies for 3d graphics applications and games
Authors: Timothy E. Roden
Venue:  (2005)

The recent transformation of consumer graphics (CG) cards into powerful 3D rendering processors is due in large measure to the success of game developers in delivering mass market entertainment software that feature highly immersive and captivating virtual environments. Despite this success, 3D CG application development is becoming increasingly handicapped by the inability of traditional content creation methods to keep up with the demand for content. The term content is used here to refer to any data operated on by application code that is meant for viewing, including 3D models, textures, animation sequences and maps or other data-intensive descriptions of virtual environments. Traditionally, content has been handcrafted by humans. A serious problem facing the interactive graphics software development community is how to increase the rate at which content can be produced to keep up with the increasingly rapid pace at which software for interactive applications can now be developed. Research addressing this problem centers around procedural content creation systems. By moving away from purely human content creation toward systems in which humans play a substantially less time-intensive but no less creative part in the process, procedural content creation opens new doors. From a qualitative standpoint, these types of systems will not rely less on human intervention but rather more since they will depend heavily on direction from a human in order to synthesize the desired content. This research draws heavily from the entertainment software domain but the research is broadly relevant to 3D graphics applications in general.
Text Region Extraction and Text Segmentation on Cameracaptured Document Style Images
Authors: Y. J. Song, K. C. Kim, Y. W. Y. W. Choi, H. R. Byun, S. H. Kim, S. Y. Chi, D. K. Jang, Y. K. Chung
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

In this paper, we propose a text extraction method from camera-captured document style images and propose a text segmentation method based on a color clustering method. The proposed extraction method detects text regions from the images using two low-level image features and verifies the regions through a high-level text stroke feature. The two level features are combined hierarchically. The low-level features are intensity variation and color variance. And, we use text strokes as a highlevel feature using multi-resolution wavelet transforms on local image areas. The stroke feature vector is an input to a SVM (Support Vector Machine) for verification, when needed. The proposed text segmentation method uses color clustering to the extracted text regions. We improved K-means clustering method and it selects K and initial seed values automatically. We tested the proposed methods with various document style images captured by three different cameras. We confirmed that the extraction rates are good enough to be used in real-life applications.
Evaluation of an awareness distribution mechanism: A simulation approach
Authors: David Nutter, Cornelia Boldyreff
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprise (2005)

In distributed software engineering, the role of informal communication is frequently overlooked. Participants simply employ their own ad-hoc methods of informal communication. Consequently such communication is haphazard, irregular, and rarely recorded as part of the project documentation. Thus, a need for tool support to facilitate more systematic informal communication via awareness has been identified. The tool proposed is based on the provision of awareness support that recognises the complete context of the evolution of software artefacts rather than single events. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking has been successfully employed to develop various distributed software engineering support tools. However, there are scalability problems inherent in naive P2P networks. To this end a semantic overlay network organisation algorithm has been developed and tested in simulation prior to deployment as part of a forthcoming awareness extension to the Eclipse environment. The simulation verified that the self-organisation algorithm was suitable for arranging a P2P network, but several unexpected behaviours were observed. These included wandering nodes, starved nodes, and local maxima. Each of these problems required modification of the original algorithm design to solve or ameliorate them.
Image Segmentation Using Spectral Clustering
Authors: Chongjun Wang, Wu jun Li, Lin Ding, Juan Tian, Shifu Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2005)

This paper focuses on how to automatically determining the suitable clustering number in image segmentation and designs an algorithm of CANA using spectral clustering. Experiment results indicate that ACNA can provide superior performance. An application sample in image punching is introduced.
Contact force control of flexible link manipulators: a combined approach to robust control and identification
Authors: Kamyar Ziaei
Venue:  (2005)

Due to their superior weight to payload ratio, flexible link robots have been employed in space operations and industrial applications where long reach manipulators are required. As automation technologies advance, there will be increased demand for flexible link manipulators for contact task operations. Examples include satellite capturing space robots and industrial operations that require contact with delicate objects. In these cases, the robots are required to make contact with environments whose locations may not be known in advance. Thus, collision during contact is unavoidable. This thesis deals with the modeling, system identification and robust control of flexible link manipulators that are required to perform contact task operations. For a single flexible link in contact with rigid and compliant surfaces, two novel infinite dimensional models are developed and evaluated experimentally. Dynamic differences of the models with respect to the force sensing devices are examined. A coherent system identification and robust control methodology is proposed. Recent results in system identification using generalized orthonormal basis functions are adopted and new algorithms are developed that improve the identification of resonant systems. The identification results are combined with estimated measures of model uncertainties which can be directly used in the design of robust controllers, satisfying a priori specifications for stability, tracking, and disturbance rejection. The proposed methodology is used to develop force and contact transition controllers that are easy to implement, and at the same time, are robust to modeling uncertainties. For the contact transition control, a switching condition is proposed based on robust position and force controllers. The stability of the switching controller is examined using a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov approach. Both simulation and experimental results have been carried out showing the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Soft Errors induced by single heavy ions in Floating Gate memory arrays
Authors: G. Cellere, A. Paccagnella, A. Visconti, M. Bonanomi
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2005)

Single, high-energy ions can induce large charge loss from Floating Gates used as basic storage elements in nonvolatile memory cells. The charge loss greatly exceeds that calculated by using conventional models based on generation and recombination of charge. Further, the ion locally damages the tunnel oxide, leading to degradation of retention properties of the Floating Gate over long times. This mechanism has important implications to design fault tolerant Floating Gate memories which should be operated in radiation harsh environment.
Video booklet: a natural video searching and browsing interface
Authors: Cai-Zhi Zhu, Xian-Sheng Hua, Tao Mei, Xiu-Qing Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel system, named Video Booklet, which enables efficient and natural personal video browsing and searching. In the system, firstly representative thumbnails of a collection of video segments are selected through an elaborate booklet generation approach, and then reshaped by a set of pre-trained personalized shape templates (such as circle, heart, sector, stamp, etc), consequently printed out on a real booklet or album. When users plan to browse the content of their digital video library, they can firstly browse their booklets in a manner as browsing ordinary photo albums. When they want to watch a certain segment indicated by a thumbnail in the booklet, they are able to use their camera phones or similar devices to capture the corresponding thumbnail, and send the captured image to a computer via wireless network. Thereafter, the target thumbnail is accurately located by a proposed Self-Trained Active Shape Model algorithm, and then the distortion of the captured image is corrected. Finally the Video Booklet system will automatically find the most similar thumbnail to the corrected one in the video library and begin to play the corresponding segment for the users. Thereby, Video Booklet builds a seamless bridge between digital videos and analog albums.