ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional model for investigating body contact structures in PD SOI MOSFETs
Authors: Arash Daghighi, Mohamed A. Osman
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

A two-dimensional (2-D) model for investigating body tied to source (BTS) contacts in PD SOI MOSFETs is presented. The model simulates a 2-D cross-section parallel to the gate in a region close to back oxide of BTS PD SOI MOSFET. Optical generation was used in the simulation program to describe the hole generation via impact ionization and thermal generation. By using this method, holes in the depletion region at the body-drain junction was introduced into the neutral body region and accounts for the different hole generation rates in the active and inactive parts of the BTS PD SOI MOSFET. The model is used for simulating three different body contact structures. Simulations using the model confirms reduction in floating body voltage by using body contacts and shows that narrow body contacts are as effective as wide body contacts.
Competitive One-to-One Promotions
Authors: Greg Shaffer, Z. John Zhang
Venue: Management Science (2002)

One-to-one promotions are possible when consumers are individually addressable and firms know something about each customer's preferences. We explore the competitive effects of one-to-one promotions in a model with two competing firms where the firms differ in size and consumers have heterogeneous brand loyalty. We find that one-to-one promotions always lead to an increase in price competition (average prices in the market decrease). However, we also find that one-to-one promotions affect market shares. This market-share effect may outweigh the effect of lower prices, benefiting the firm whose market share increases. Our results suggest that of two firms, the firm with the higher-quality product may gain from one-to-one promotions. Our model also has implications for the phenomenon of customer churn, where consumers switch to a less preferred brand due to targeted promotional incentives. We show that churning can arise optimally from firms pursuing a profit-maximizing strategy. Instead of trying to minimize it, the optimal way to manage customer churn is to engage in both offensive and defensive promotions with the relative mix depending on the marginal cost of targeting.
Managerial Use and Emerging Norms: Effects of Activity Patterns on Software Design and Deployment
Authors: Jonathan Grudin
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 1 - Volume 1 (2004)

Software use in many organizations has spread vertically. I present evidence that applications that are widely used in organizations have at least three distinct patterns of use: one for individual contributors, one for managers, and one for executives. Use within each of these groups is shaped by its particular activity and incentive structures. Interaction among group members promotes shared social conventions and feature use. When designing, acquiring, or supporting such an application, the best approach could be to treat it as three distinct applications. The applications discussed include shared calendars, email, application-sharing, shared workspaces, browsers and desktop videoconferencing.
The software customer/supplier relationship
Authors: Pearl Brereton
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2004)

It's a delicate, dynamic relationship that changes with time, demands, and different approaches to procurement.
Simulation in business administration and management
Authors: Wilhelm Dangelmaier, Bengt Mueck
Venue: Applied system simulation: methodologies and applications (2003)

Today the simulation of production processes is applied in various areas of planning. Specialized tools support the modeling, the execution, and the analysis of simulations. Layouts as well as dimensioning and processes can be optimized using a computer with these tools. Simulation processes are easier understood and communicated by 3-dimensional visualizations of production processes. Movements of robots can be programmed and examined directly in simulation tools. If simulations are coupled, models which were modeled with different simulations can be put together in one model.
A framework for augmenting the visualization of dynamic raster surfaces
Authors: Sanjay Rana, Jason Dykes
Venue: Information Visualization (2003)

Animated sequences of raster images that represent continuously varying surfaces, such as a temporal series of an evolving landform or an attribute series of socio-economic variation, are often used in an attempt to gain insight from ordered sequences of raster spatial data. Despite their aesthetic appeal and condensed nature, such representations are limited in terms of their suitability for prompting ideas and offering insight due to their poor information delivery and the lack of the levels of interactivity that are required to support visualization. Cartographic techniques aim to assist users of geographic information through processes of abstraction, by selecting, simplifying, smoothing and exaggerating when representing an underlying spatial data set graphically. Here we suggest a number of transformations and abstractions that take advantage of these techniques in a specific context-that of addressing the limitations associated with using animated raster surfaces for visualization, and propose them in the context of a framework that can be used to inform practice. The five techniques proposed are spatial and attribute smoothing, temporal interpolation, transformation of the surfaces into a network of morphometric features, the use of a graphic lag or fading and the employment of techniques for conditional interactivity that are appropriate for visualization. These efforts allow us to generate graphical environments that support visualization when using animated sequences of images representing continuous surfaces and are analogous to traditional cartographic techniques, namely, smoothing and exaggeration, simplification, enhancement and the various issues of design. By developing a framework for considering cartography in support of visualization from this particular type of data and phenomenon we aim to highlight the utility of a generically cartographic approach to information visualization. A number of particular techniques originating from computer science and conventional cartography are used in an application of the framework. A suitably interactive software tool is offered for evaluation-to establish the results of applying the framework and demonstrate ways in which we may augment the visualization of dynamic raster surfaces through animation and more generally aim to offer opportunity for insight through cartographic design.
A Direct Bootstrapped CMOS Large Capacitive-Load Driver Circuit
Authors: José C. García, Juan A. Montiel-Nelson, J. Sosa, Héctor Navarro
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

A new 2.5V CMOS large capacitive-load driver circuit, using a direct bootstrap technique, for low-voltage CMOS VLSI digital design is presented. The proposed driver circuit exhibits a high speed and low power consumption to drive large capacitive loads. We compare our driver structure with the direct bootstrap circuit [1] in terms of the product of three metrics, active area, propagation time delay and power consumption. Results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed driver circuit.
On the initial conditions in continuous-time fractional linear systems
Authors: Manuel Duarte Ortigueira
Venue: Signal Processing (2003)

The initial condition problem for fractional linear system initialisation is studied in this paper. It is based on the generalised initial value theorem. The new approach involves functions belonging to the space of Laplace transformable distributions verifying the Watson-Doetsch lemma. The fractional derivatives of these functions are independent of the derivative definition. This class includes the most important functions appearing in computing the Impulse Response of continuous-time fractional linear systems.
Information technology and public administration: the view from the profession
Authors: Alana Northrop
Venue: Public information technology: policy and management issues (2003)

This chapter first points out the need for a reader on information technology by reviewing the importance given computing education by MPA programs and practitioners. Next, the chapter surveys current textbooks' and general public administration journals' treatments of the topic. Three highly respected public administration journals and six textbooks are reviewed. The journals are found to barely treat the topic of computing, whether as a main focus or as merely a mention in articles. The textbooks also barely mention computing. In addition, there is no consistent rubric or chapter topic under which computing is discussed. The need for a reader on information technology and computer applications in public administration is apparent. The chapter then turns to the consideration of what hands-on skills in computer applications should be a mark of a graduate degree inpublic adminstration. It is suggested that there are six generic skills with a seventh one on the horizon. Finally, the chapter concludes by briefly discussing a range of issues that public administrators should be conversant with if they are to successfully utilize computer applications in the delivery of public sector services.
An XML-based conversational protocol for Web services
Authors: Zahir Tari, Mark McKinlay, Manish Malhotra
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

SOAP is used to communicate with Web services. It defines the a messaging framework (the envelope), encoding rules and a binding protocol over the HTTP protocol. However SOAP, as it is, does not deal with conversations. To provide full interoperability, clients need to not only know the correct data formats to pass, but also the conversation level protocol involving those messages for any required Web service. This must also include the valid responses, where multiple responses are possible, and the starting and ending states of the conversation.This paper describes an XML-based conversational protocol for Web services. Each server site publishes details enabling client agents to interact with the server. This involves the publication of protocol specifications representing a finite state machine (FSM). A client agent downloads this specification, validate it for correctness, and then implement the protocol dynamically, as a state machine. This can be viewed as a negotiation of protocols where the client negotiates to implement all requirements of a server.
Reduced feature-set based parallel CHMM speech recognition systems
Authors: Waleed H. Abdulla, Nikola Kasabov
Venue: Information Sciences&mdash;Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal (2003)

This paper presents the multi-streams paradigm as a technique for improving speech signal feature set design and as a performance booster for speech recognition systems, based on the continuous-density hidden Markov model (CHMM) framework. In the multi-streams paradigm we are dealing with different feature sets independently to estimate the same task, and then combining their results at a suitable stage. This paradigm combines the strengths of many varied feature vectors to attain better statistical estimation. Under the proposed paradigm the feature vectors are split into three independent streams, and each stream is used to model an independent CHMM. Then the outcomes of these models, when subjected to any speech input, are merged under a certain strategy. This technique alleviates the dominance effect of the features, and reduces the dimensionality of the feature vectors used in each model. The F-ratio technique is used to further reduce the dimensionality of each stream. Experimental results on different datasets show superiority of the developed paradigm over the corresponding single-stream baseline.
Improving the I/O performance of intermediate multimedia storage nodes
Authors: Pål Halvorsen, Thomas Plagemann, Vera Goebel
Venue: Multimedia Systems (2003)

The data retrieval operations in servers and proxies for Media-on-Demand applications represent a severe bottleneck, because a potentially (very) high number of users concurrently retrieve data with high data rates. In the Intermediate Storage Node Concept (INSTANCE) project, we have developed a new architecture for Media-on-Demand storage nodes that maximizes the number of concurrent clients a single node can support. We avoid the traditional bottlenecks, like copy operations, multiple copies of the same data element in main memory, and checksum calculation in communication protocols, by designing, implementing, and tightly integrating three orthogonal techniques: a zero-copy-one-copy memory architecture, network level framing, and integrated error management. In this paper, we describe the INSTANCE storage node, and present an evaluation of our mechanisms. Our experimental performance results show that the integration of these three techniques in NetBSD at least doubles the number of concurrent clients that a single storage node can serve in our testbed.
Low-Voltage CMOS Nonlinear Transconductors and Their Application to Companding Current-Mode Filters
Authors: Carlos A. De La Cruz-Blas, Antonio J. López-Martín, Alfonso Carlosena
Venue: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (2004)

Two novel nonlinear CMOS transconductors that can be employed for building CMOS current-mode filters are presented and their performances compared to formerly proposed topologies aimed at the same goal. The first one is based on a previous topology proposed by the authors, where a new biasing procedure leads to an improved performance for low supply voltages. The second one follows a novel approach, based on cascading a transresistor and a transconductor. The analysis is complemented with a more general approach based on the identification of translinear loops present in the circuit. Both nonlinear transconductors can operate at supply voltages as low as one VGS plus two VDS of a saturated MOSFET. CMOS current-mode filters based on these blocks are built following companding techniques, and their correct operation is validated by simulation and experimental results.
A nose-tracked, personal olfactory display
Authors: Yasuyuki Yanagida, Shinjiro Kawato, Haruo Noma, Nobuji Tetsutani, Akira Tomono
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches Applications (2003)

An interface that involves all five senses, including olfaction, would be the ultimate interface for virtual reality (VR). We are trying to construct an olfactory display that does not require the user to wear anything on the face. We used an "air cannon" to transport small packets of scented air to the user's nose from some nearby place. In this paper, we report the ongoing development of an olfactory display system with a nose-tracking feature by incorporating vision-based face tracking technology.
Generalized OWA Aggregation Operators
Authors: Ronald R. Yager
Venue: Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making (2004)

We extend the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator to a provide a new class of operators called the generalized OWA (GOWA) operators. These operators add to the OWA operator an additional parameter controlling the power to which the argument values are raised. We look at some special cases of these operators. One important case corresponds to the generalized mean and another special case is the ordered weighted geometric operator.
Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics
Authors: Eric Saund, David Fleet, Daniel Larner, James Mahoney
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (2003)

This paper presents a novel image editing program emphasizing easy selection and manipulation of material found in informal, casual documents such as sketches, handwritten notes, whiteboard images, screen snapshots, and scanned documents. The program, called ScanScribe, offers four significant advances. First, it presents a new, intuitive model for maintaining image objects and groups, along with underlying logic for updating these in the course of an editing session. Second, ScanScribe takes advantage of newly developed image processing algorithms to separate foreground markings from a white or light background, and thus can automatically render the background transparent so that image material can be rearranged without occlusion by background pixels. Third, ScanScribe introduces new interface techniques for selecting image objects with a pointing device without resorting to a palette of tool modes. Fourth, ScanScribe presents a platform for exploiting image analysis and recognition methods to make perceptually significant structure readily available to the user. As a research prototype, ScanScribe has proven useful in the work of members of our laboratory, and has been released on a limited basis for user testing and evaluation.
Incremental Testing for Self-Evolving Timed Systems
Authors: V. S. Alagar, O. Ormandjieva, M. Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Quality Software (2003)

Self-evolving software systems in time-critical domainsadapt themselves automatically to changes in external situationsand internal conditions. This paper presents a black-boxmethod for incrementally generating test cases for self-evolvingsystems.
Technological Challenges of Advanced CMOS Processing and Their Impact on Design Aspects
Authors: Cor Claeys
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

The International Technology Roadmap forSemiconductors (ITRS) foresees the production of sub 10nm gate length devices before 2016. To achieve this, bothfront- and back-end processing have to face majortechnological challenges and innovations. Lithography,device isolation, gate stack, shallow junctions, deviceengineering, high- and low-k dielectrics and interconnectschemes are hot research issues necessitating a globalcollaboration and the formation of appropriate platformsfor joint research and development. Non-standardmaterials will have to be introduced and the use of non-classicaldevice architectures will be required. This paperreviews some of the on-going research efforts to come tocost effective solutions forming the backbone for futuretechnology nodes. Special attention is given to the impactof these technological innovations on design aspects. Anoutlook is also given of the emerging technologies thatare at the basis of the switch over from micro- tonanoelectronics.
Co-Processor Synthesis: A New Methodology for Embedded Software Acceleration
Authors: Ben Hounsell, Richard Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

This paper introduces co-processor synthesis -- a methodology that provides design benefits by implementing hardware co-processors directly from embedded software. The paper examines the design benefits in this new approach vs behavioral synthesis and configurable processor methodologies.
Isolated Program Execution: An Application Transparent Approach for Executing Untrusted Programs
Authors: Zhenkai Liang, V. N. Venkatakrishnan, R. Sekar
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2003)

In this paper, we present a new approach for safe execution of untrusted programs by isolating their effects fromthe rest of the system. Isolation is achieved by interceptingfile operations made by untrusted processes, and redirecting any change operations to a "modification cachel" thatis invisible to other processes in the system. File read operations performed by the untrusted process are also correspondingly modified, so that the process has a consistentview of system state that incorporates the contents of the filesystem as well as the modification cache. On termination ofthe untrusted process, its user is presented with a concisesummary of the files modified by the process. Additionally,the user can inspect these files using various software utilities (e.g., helper applications to view multimedia files) todetermine if the modifications are acceptable. The user thenhas the option to commit these modifications, or simply discard them. Essentially, our approach provides "play" and"rewind" buttons for running untrusted software. Key benefits of our approach are that it requires no changes to theuntrusted programs (to be isolated) or the underlying operating system; it cannot be subverted by malicious programs;and it achieves these benefits with acceptable runtime overheads. We describe a prototype implementation of this system for Linux called Alcatraz and discuss its performanceand effectiveness.
The impact of inserting a tool into a software process
Authors: Tilmann Bruckhaus
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 (1993)

The development of software systems can largely be facilitated by making use of software tools ranging from editors and compilers to integrated software engineering environments. The process of inserting a tool into a process involves numerous activities that are carried out more or less consciously by the project's decision maker. Some such activities are: determining areas for process improvement, designing how the tool is to be used, quantifying the expected benefit of inserting the tool, and monitoring the impact of inserting the tool. Omissions and misjudgements in this process can be costly. Often, considerable amounts of money are invested in acquisition of a tool, training of software developers, providing interfaces to other tools, and the like. A good understanding of the impact of inserting tools into processes is necessary to minimize the risk of such investments. This paper proposes a Method for Planned Tool Insertion (MPTI) that emphasizes techniques for understanding the impact of tool insertion. It describes the MPTI method in general and how MPTI is being applied, as well as lessons learned from using the MPTI method.
Compositional verification of knowledge-based task models and problem-solving methods
Authors: Frank Cornelissen, Catholijn M. Jonker, Jan Treur
Venue: Knowledge and Information Systems (2003)

In this paper a compositional verification method for task models and problem-solving methods for knowledge-based systems is introduced. Required properties of a system are formally verified by deriving them from assumptions that themselves are properties of sub-components, which in their turn may be derived from assumptions on sub-sub-components, and so on. The method is based on properties that are formalized in terms of temporal semantics; both static and dynamic properties are covered. The compositional verification method imposes structure on the verification process. Because of the possibility of focusing at one level of abstraction (information and process hiding), compositional verification provides transparency and limits the complexity per level. Since verification proofs are structured in a compositional manner, they can be reused in the event of reuse of models or modification of an existing system. The method is illustrated for a generic model for diagnostic reasoning.
In the News
Authors: Adam Stone, Terry Costlow
Venue: IEEE Software (2003)

This issue offers two reports: "E-Voting: Should We Pull the Lever?" by Adam Stone and "Globalization Drives Changes in Software Careers" by Terry Costlow.
The Bruhat order on the involutions of the hyperoctahedral group
Authors: Federico Incitti
Venue: European Journal of Combinatorics (2003)

In this paper we study the set of involutions of the hyperoctahedral group Bn with the order induced by the Bruhat order of Bn. We prove that this is a graded poset, giving an explicit formula for its rank function, and that it is EL-shellable, hence Cohen-Macaulay, and Eulerian.