ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Empirical comparisons of various voting methods in bagging
Authors: Kelvin T. Leung, D. Stott Parker
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2003)

Finding effective methods for developing an ensemble of models has been an active research area of large-scale data mining in recent years. Models learned from data are often subject to some degree of uncertainty, for a variety of resoans. In classification, ensembles of models provide a useful means of averaging out error introduced by individual classifiers, hence reducing the generalization error of prediction.The plurality voting method is often chosen for bagging, because of its simplicity of implementation. However, the plurality approach to model reconciliation is ad-hoc. There are many other voting methods to choose from, including the anti-plurality method, the plurality method with elimination, the Borda count method, and Condorcet's method of pairwise comparisons. Any of these could lead to a better method for reconciliation.In this paper, we analyze the use of these voting methods in model reconciliation. We present empirical results comparing performance of these voting methods when applied in bagging. These results include some surprises, and among other things suggest that (1) plurality is not always the best voting method; (2) the number of classes can affect the performance of voting methods; and (3) the degree of dataset noise can affect the performance of voting methods. While it is premature to make final judgments about specific voting methods, the results of this work raise interesting questions, and they open the door to the application of voting theory in classification theory.
Visualizing flow with quaternion frames
Authors: Andrew J. Hanson, Hui Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94 (1994)

Flow fields, geodesics, and deformed volumes are natural sources of families of space curves that can be characterized by intrinsic geometric properties such as curvature, torsion, and Frenet frames. By expressing a curve's moving Frenet coordinate frame as an equivalent unit quaternion, we reduce the number of components that must be displayed from nine with six constraints to four with one constraint. We can then assign a color to each curve point by dotting its quaternion frame with a 4D light vector, or we can plot the frame values separately as a curve in the threesphere. As example, we examine twisted volumes used in topology to construct knots and tangles, a spherical volume deformation known as the Dirac string trick, and streamlines of 3D vector flow fields.
Some formulae to calculate the entropies of the image fuzzy sets
Authors: Dug Hun Hong, Jang Han Kim
Venue: International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a simple new method on calculating the entropy of the image fuzzy set gotten by the extension principle without calculating its membership function.
A matter of perspective: the role of casual attribution in the assessment of user-system outcomes
Authors: Rex Karsten
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2003)

The working relationship of information systems (IS) professionals and end users is an ongoing source of both research and practical concern. This study employs Attribution Theory to examine the causal attributions IS professionals and end users make for successful and unsuccessful user-system outcomes-- end user attempts to use an information system to get the information needed to complete system-dependent, work-related tasks. Eighty-six IS professionals and 122 end users participated. The results show no differences in the nature of IS professional-end user attributions for successful outcomes, but very significant differences between them following unsuccessful outcomes. Post hoc analysis indicates that for unsuccessful user-system outcomes, the causal attributions of IS professionals and end users who are cross-functional team members are significantly less divergent than the causal attributions of those who are not. The implications of Attribution Theory for IS professional-end user interaction are discussed.
Retrieval effectiveness of an ontology-based model for information selection
Authors: Latifur Khan, Dennis McLeod, Eduard Hovy
Venue: The VLDB Journal &mdash; The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases (2004)

Technology in the field of digital media generates huge amounts of nontextual information, audio, video, and images, along with more familiar textual information. The potential for exchange and retrieval of information is vast and daunting. The key problem in achieving efficient and user-friendly retrieval is the development of a search mechanism to guarantee delivery of minimal irrelevant information (high precision) while insuring relevant information is not overlooked (high recall). The traditional solution employs keyword-based search. The only documents retrieved are those containing user-specified keywords. But many documents convey desired semantic information without containing these keywords. This limitation is frequently addressed through query expansion mechanisms based on the statistical co-occurrence of terms. Recall is increased, but at the expense of deteriorating precision. One can overcome this problem by indexing documents according to context and meaning rather than keywords, although this requires a method of converting words to meanings and the creation of a meaning-based index structure. We have solved the problem of an index structure through the design and implementation of a concept-based model using domain-dependent ontologies. An ontology is a collection of concepts and their interrelationships that provide an abstract view of an application domain. With regard to converting words to meaning, the key issue is to identify appropriate concepts that both describe and identify documents as well as language employed in user requests. This paper describes an automatic mechanism for selecting these concepts. An important novelty is a scalable disambiguation algorithm that prunes irrelevant concepts and allows relevant ones to associate with documents and participate in query generation. We also propose an automatic query expansion mechanism that deals with user requests expressed in natural language. This mechanism generates database queries with appropriate and relevant expansion through knowledge encoded in ontology form. Focusing on audio data, we have constructed a demonstration prototype. We have experimentally and analytically shown that our model, compared to keyword search, achieves a significantly higher degree of precision and recall. The techniques employed can be applied to the problem of information selection in all media types.
Open Defects Detection within 6T SRAM Cells using a No Write Recovery Test Mode
Authors: Josh Yang, Baosheng Wang, André Ivanov
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

The detection of all open defects within 6T SRAM cells isalways a challenge due to the significant test timerequirements. This paper proposes a new design-for-test(DFT) technique that we refer to as No Write RecoveryTest Mode (NWRTM) to detect all open defects, some ofwhich produce Data Retention Faults (DRFs) but areundetectable by typical March tests. We demonstrate theeffectiveness of our proposed technique by only applyingit to fault-free memory cells and faulty cells with thoseundetectable defects but all the open defects are coveredsince our DFT technique is implemented by simply addingextra test cycles into typical March tests. Two 6T SRAMcell models, one a high-speed version and the other alow-power one, representing extreme cases according totraditional design methodologies, were designed tovalidate our proposed NWRTM at the circuit level.Simulation results show that our NWRTM amounts to ashorter total test time and improved open defect detectioncapability. In addition, in comparison to other DFTtechniques, NWRTM requires the least additional designeffort, and imply less area and no performance penalties.
Steady state Kalman filter: a new approach
Authors: N. D. Assimakis, E. Z. Psarakis, D. G. Lainiotis
Venue: Neural, Parallel Scientific Computations (2003)

In this paper a new approach for the steady state Kalman Filter implementation is proposed. The method is faster than the classical one: this is very important due to the fact that, in most real-time applications, it is essential to obtain the estimate in the shortest possible time.
An optimal broadcasting schema for multidimensional mesh structures
Authors: Zhizhang Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

We present a local broadcasting schema for the multidimensional mesh structures, which will transmit a message to all the nodes within the minimal amount of time. We will also study the average amount of time it takes for such a schema to send a message to an arbitrary but fixed node in the structure.
Monte-Carlo simulation of electron transport and field effect in granular metal nanostructures
Authors: D. A. Zakheim, I. V. Rozhansky, S. A. Gurevich
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

In this work we analyze the field effect in granular metal films and propose the current-switching device utilizing this effect. It is shown as a result of numerical modeling that efficient current modulation can be achieved in thin granular films if the ratio between charging energy of granules Ec0 and thermal energy kT is not less than 10 and the amplitude of the random potential is low compared with the charging energy.
A Phase-Frequency Transfer Description of Analog and Mixed-Signal Front-End Architectures for System-Level Design
Authors: Ewout Martens, Georges Gielen
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

A novel approach for the modeling of front-end architectures is presented. Architectures are described as a system transforming polyphase harmonic signals through building blocks modeled by polyphase harmonic transfer matrices and distortion tensors. The major goal of the method is to provide a model that is suited for systematic architectural exploration during front-end system design. An example of a downconversion architecture describes the system non-idealities as the result of parasitic transfers between phases and frequencies.
The video paper multimedia playback system
Authors: Jamey Graham, Berna Erol, Jonathan J. Hull, Dar-Shyang Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

Video Paper is a prototype system for multimedia browsing, analysis, and replay. Key frames extracted from a video recording are printed on paper together with bar codes that allow for random access and replay. A transcript for the audio track can also be shown so that users can read what was said, thus making the document a stand-alone representation for the contents of the multimedia recording. The Video Paper system has been used for several applications, including the analysis of recorded meetings, broadcast news, oral histories and personal recordings. This demonstration will show how the Video Paper system was applied to these domains and the various replay systems that were developed, including a self-contained portable implementation on a PDA and a fixed implementation on desktop PC.
The roles of computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in influencing the computer end-user's organizational commitment
Authors: Robert W. Stone, John W. Henry
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2003)

The study uses data collected by a survey of computer-based medical information system end users in a large hospital in the southeastern United States. The theoretical model examined using this data links several antecedents to the end users' organizational commitment, mediated by computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. These antecedents are past computer experience of the end user, computer staff support for the computer system, ease of system use, and the degree of system use (i.e., percentage of time the system is used by the end user).The empirical results indicate that past computer experience and the degree of system use positively influence the end user's organizational commitment through both computer self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. These also show that computer staff support and ease of system use positively impact the end user's organizational commitment through outcome expectancy. From these results, conclusions and implications for practicing managers are discussed.
Analysis and Testing of Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits by an Operation-Region Model: A Case Study of Application and Implementation
Authors: Yukiya Miura, Daisuke Kato
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

We have developed an operation-region (OR) model for abstractly modeling the behavior of analog and mixed-signal circuits. The model is based on observing changes in the operation regions of MOS transistors. In this paper, we propose an analysis method for analog and mixed-signal circuits by applying the OR model and apply our method to test ITC'97 benchmark circuits. We also propose and verify a more efficient method of applying the OR model. To enhance the usability of the model, we try to implement it by using an X-Y curve method. This implementation maps transistor ORs to observable values and provides the capability to represent common conditions showing behaviors caused by many faults.
Adaptive construction of manifold meshes
Authors: Koji Ashida
Venue:  (2003)

Surface mesh is a commonly used data structure for Computer Graphics and other fields. Especially, manifold surface meshes are more useful for many applications than non-manifold ones because often the properties of manifold meshes can be used to simplify mesh processing algorithms. We show a series of algorithms to construct a manifold mesh as an isosurface of a scalar field. We suggest a categorization scheme for mesh construction algorithms based on the types of the surface mesh components generated for each type of the domain mesh component. Many important existing algorithms can be described using the scheme. Our algorithms can then be shown to be extensions derived from the previous work. Our algorithms have flexibility to work with a wide class of domain meshes. We apply those algorithms to domain meshes based on octrees. This gives our algorithms the advantage of adapting resulting surface mesh densities to the densities of the desired surface. In addition, our algorithms can preserve sharp features. We use the algorithms for some practical applications. Mesh construction with octree is used to construct a manifold mesh from an unorganized point cloud. Another application is to reconstruct a manifold mesh from an input mesh. The mesh construction algorithms we present have a unique combination of advantages: they generate manifold meshes, use octrees for adaptive surface construction, and preserve sharp features.
A Cooperative System to Support Inventory Leveling Negotiations
Authors: Melise M. Veiga de Paula, Jano M. de Souza, José R. Blaschek, Fernanda Baião
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 7 - Volume 7 (2004)

In many cases, deviations between actual product and service demands and their forecasts are inevitable, creating an excess of products and service. To deal with that excess, it is important that logistics professionals elaborate strategies for discovering potential and repressed demands. Traditional techniques to manage inventories do not suffice to reach all expected results. In this context, strategies for products and service excess destination are also promoted, in order to optimize application of organizational resources.Negotiation between the party holding excess and the potentially demanding party is a crucial issue in the excess destination activity. This is a process in which two distinct parties search for a consensus regarding their interests and objectives, trying to satisfy both expectations. Thus, it is fundamental to establish mechanisms that stimulate communication and motivation during the negotiation process, as well as the ability for decision-making, conflict management and reaching an agreement. Therefore, cooperation may be the best type of negotiation. Cooperation will help to establish points in common that favor the negotiation, and information sharing and consensus building plays a key role in this process.In this work, we present a system to support cooperative negotiations aiming at leveling inventory of products and services used by different processes, stimulating the integration among them. The system will be used by several Agencies within Brazilian Federal Government Defense Ministry, acting as a market for excess capacity of services and goods. The proposed environment will facilitate system users to cooperate towards achieving common objectives in the negotiation.
HumaniZing E-Learning
Authors: Lee Chye Seng, Tan Tiong Hok
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2003)

In a short span of 3 years, the Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity (NTU) in Singapore witnessed a quantumgrowth in the adoption of e-learning. With the use ofprofessors-friendly e-learning applications, NTUmanaged to achieve mass buy-in by the professors whenthe e-learning take-up rate is near 90% of the existingNTU course curriculum. As NTU moves on to celebratethe 3 rd year anniversary of e-learning experience,revolutionary measures were taken to come up withcareful design considerations that aim to "humanize" e-learning,i.e. make e-learning interactive and fun withactive human collaborations. This includes theproliferation use of video talking head that synchronizeswith the lecture presentation, and live audio-videodelivery, text chat and document annotations of a lecturedelivery. This paper reviews the process NTU adopted inadding human touch to traditional e-learning projectsand serves as a good case study for the other institutionsthat aim to achieve interactive or engaged on-linelearning.
Double exponential formulas for numerical indefinite integration
Authors: Mayinur Muhammad, Masatake Mori
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

In this paper we derive a formula for indefinite integration of analytic functions over (-1,s) where -1 > s > 1, by means of the double exponential transformation and the Sinc method. The integrand must be analytic on -1 > x > 1 but may have a singularity at the end points x=±1. The error of the formula behaves approximately as exp(-c1N/logc2N) where N is the number of function evaluations of the integrand. This error term shows a much faster convergence to zero when N becomes large than that of the known formula by Haber. Also we derive efficient double exponential formulas for numerical evaluation of indefinite integrals over (0,s), 0 > s > ∞ and over (-∞, s), -∞ > s > + ∞. Several numerical examples indicate high efficiency of the formulas.
Combining speech and haptics for intuitive and efficient navigation through image databases
Authors: Thomas Käster, Michael Pfeiffer, Christian Bauckhage
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2003)

Given the size of todays professional image databases, the stan-dard approach to object- or theme-related image retrieval is to in-teractively navigate through the content. But as most users of such databases are designers or artists who do not have a technical back-ground, navigation interfaces must be intuitive to use and easy to learn. This paper reports on efforts towards this goal. We present a system for intuitive image retrieval that features different moda-lities for interaction. Apart from conventional input devices like mouse or keyboard it is also possible to use speech or haptic gesture to indicate what kind of images one is looking for. Seeing a selection of images on the screen, the user provides relevance feedback to narrow the choice of motifs presented next. This is done either by scoring whole images or by choosing cer-tain image regions. In order to derive consistent reactions from multimodal user input, asynchronous integration of modalities and probabilistic reasoning based on Bayesian networks are applied. After addressing technical details, we will discuss a series of usability experiments, which we conducted to examine the impact of multimodal input facilities on interactive image retrieval. The results indicate that users appreciate multimodality. While we ob-served little decrease in task performance, measures of contentment exceeded those for conventional input devices.
On the Deng-Lin random number generators and related methods
Authors: Pierre L'Ecuyer, Renée Touzin
Venue: Statistics and Computing (2004)

We study the structure and point out weaknesses of recently proposed random number generators based on special types of linear recurrences with small coefficients, which allow fast implementations. Our theoretical analysis is complemented by the results of simple empirical statistical tests that the generators fail decisively. Directions for improvement and alternative generators are also pointed out.
Array folding using heuristics and simulated annealing
Authors: L. N. Kannan, D. Sarma
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1991)

Array folding is a technique to reduce the area of a logic array by exploiting its sparsity. Since the problem is NP-complete, heuristic algorithms that yield a near optimal solution have to be employed. In this paper, a method employing a combination of simulated annealing and heuristic algorithms has been used to find a near optimal solution for both simple and multiple folding of logic arrays. The algorithms developed have been implemented in a computer program called GAMIN-SA. When compared to PLEASURE, GAMIN-SA was seen to perform as good or better with regard to quality of solution and, for the bigger arrays, it was better in terms of run-time as well (multiple folding).
An Experience of Applying Architecture-based Approach to Build a Component-based Requirements Management Toolset
Authors: Muhammad Ali Babar
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications (2003)

It has been advocated and shown that softwarearchitecture can be an effective tool to reducedevelopment cost and increase the quality of the endproduct [1]. Rigorous efforts invested in architecturaldesign and evaluation activities results in increasedcomprehension of the system, better communicationamong stakeholders, effective project management,controlled evolution, and rapid development [2, 3]. Thispaper presents our experience of applying anarchitecture-based approach to develop an integratedrequirements management toolset, PARSNIP (PARsedNatural language Input Processor). We also report theintegration issues peculiar to our project, our approachto address them and rational for our architectural andintegration decisions.
Asynchronous Communication For Complicated E-Commerce Applications
Authors: WeiQi Cao, JuanZi Li, KeHong Wang, Tao Zeng
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Quality Software (2003)

In this paper, we explored the various complicated E-CommerceApplications enhanced by loosely coupledasynchronous communication. And then, we put forwardthe automatic modeling of E-Commerce based on theserver-side component models. It fully leverages thevarious features of the underlying middleware servicesand meanwhile combines the dynamic modeling andcoordination feature of workflow with the auto-generationand logic integration of the components. Itrealizes the faster development of workflow managementsystem and also satisfies the demand of swift flexibilityand extensibility on the business logic.