ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Efficient agent-based models for non-genomic evolution
Authors: Nachi Gupta, Adrian Agogino, Kagan Tumer
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Modeling dynamical systems composed of aggregations of primitive proteins is critical to the field of astrobiological science, which studies early evolutionary structures dealing with the origins of life. Current theories on the emergence of early life focus either on RNA-world models [2, 3] or protein world models [4, 5]. Traditional modeling based on either model are generally either too slow to converge or too simplified to provide good tools for exploring the trade-offs in the early stages of the emergence of life. This paper focuses on protein-world models and discusses how to model protein aggregations through a utility based multi-agent system. We define agents to control specific properties of a given set of proteins. These properties determine the dynamics of the system, such as the ability for proteins to join or split apart, while additional properties determine the aggregation's fitness as a viable primitive cell. We show that over a wide range of starting conditions, there are mechanisms that allow protein aggregations to achieve high values of overall fitness. In addition through the use of agent-specific utilities that remain aligned with the overall global utility, we are able to reach these conclusions with 50 times fewer learning steps.
Bandwidth overhead in WiFi mesh networks for providing fair Internet access
Authors: Thomas Scherer, Thomas Engel
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM international workshop on Performance monitoring, measurement, and evaluation of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks (2006)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) provide a wireless network infrastructure that most application scenarios assume to be fixed. Different from highly mobile networks, assumptions can be made on this infrastructure to increase performance. Due to the static infrastructure, features in the WiFi protocol stack become unnecessary for doing mesh networking, but still have an impact on the bandwidth performance. This situation is addressed in this work by estimating the bandwidth overhead that is produced by the WiFi Link Layer medium access
Spectral analysis of subband filtered signals
Authors: B. Tang, A. Shen, G. Pottie, A. Alwan
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

A methodology for transform-based spectral analysis of subband filtered signals is developed. The methodology is based on performing the analysis on subband samples instead of on the input signal directly. Aliasing due to decimation is eliminated by including the effects of the adjacent subband in the analysis of frequencies near the filterbank transition regions. The frequency resolution and spectral leakage is nearly the same as if the transform had been performed on the input directly. In an M band filterbank, the analysis block length is reduced by a factor of M. This reduces the complexity of source compression techniques based on subband decomposition and spectral analysis.
Area and performance optimization of a generic network-on-chip architecture
Authors: Mário P. Véstias, Horácio C. Neto
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design (2006)

Complex Systems-on-Chip (SoC) with multiple interconnected stand-alone designs require high scalability and bandwidth. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a scalable communication infrastructure able to tackle the communication needs of these SoCs. In this paper, we consider the optimization of a generic NoC to improve area and performance of NoC based architectures for dedicated applications. The generic NoC can be tailored to an application by changing the number of routers, by configuring each router to specific traffic requirements, and by choosing the set of links between routers and cores. The optimization algorithm determines the appropriate NoC and routers configuration to support a set of applications considering the optimization of area, and performance. The final solution will consist of an heterogeneous NoC with improved quality. The approach has been tested under different operating conditions assuming implementations on an FPGA.
Subspace-based algorithms without eigendecomposition for array signal processing
Authors: P. Stoica, A. Eriksson, T. Soderstrom
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93 Vol 4., 1993 IEEE International Conference on - Volume 04 (1993)

A class of subspace-based methods for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of plane waves impinging on an array of sensors is proposed. The methods estimate the DOA using only linear transformations of the data. This is of special interest for cases when the number of sensors is large and the computational advantages of these methods are significant. These methods use a less restrictive noise model and, e.g., can accommodate cases where the noise variance is different for different sensors. Large sample variance expressions for the estimates of the DOAs are derived, and the statistical properties of the proposed method are compared against the properties of multiple signal classification (MUSIC).
Guest Editors' Introduction: Software Testing Practices in Industry
Authors: Natalia Juristo, Ana M. Moreno, Wolfgang Strigel
Venue: IEEE Software (2006)

Four papers and a roundtable discussion shed light on the current state of software testing practices. Case studies from industry experience address topics including unit-testing practices, agile testing, and automating software testing. Although many of these approaches show promise, software testing is still one of the more neglected practices within the software development life cycle. Suggestions for improvements in industry and academia are offered.
Extracting fine-grain profiles of in-order executions of instruction level parallel programs
Authors: N. Zingirian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2000)

Optimizing compilers targeted to instruction level parallel (ILP) architectures schedule program instructions in such a way so as to minimize the number of execution stalls, called bubbles, that occur during program execution because of hazards. These bubbles are estimated by compilers on the basis of the target processor functional model. Unfortunately, these functional models are often inaccurate, especially in retargetable compilers, and thus lead the compiler to imprecise estimations. This paper presents a technique that "detects" the bubbles by observing program execution in a set of preliminary runs, instead of estimating them. The applications of this technique range from performance evaluation of programs and efficiency analysis of functional models to novel techniques of profile-driven code optimization. The paper presents the technique and shows its applicability in a case study and a set of experiments.
Middle-aged users' experience of short message service
Authors: Christine Soriano, Gitesh K. Raikundalia, Jakub Szajman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50 (2006)

Short Message Service (SMS) is a popular form of nonverbal mobile communication. To date, most research has focused upon the use of SMS by teenagers and young adults. Our work examines the use of SMS by middle-aged users. We conducted a usability study evaluating the ease of use or difficulties experienced by middle-aged individuals whilst engaging in text message objectives and SMS tasks, in each of two pre-determined scenarios. Participants used two different mobile phone handsets to perform their tasks while the usability of each handset was assessed with respect to SMS tasks. The experiment gave insights into the usability issues experienced by middle-aged users such as the clarity of on-screen menus, and the ability to follow the navigational input provided by the hardware design of the mobile phone handsets.
Data Communication Model of Grid Workflow
Authors: Hongwei Zeng, Huaikou Miao
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

Many grid workflow applications, especially data intensive applications, need to transmit large amount of data between grid services. Centralized data transmission adopted in most of classical workflow systems, i.e. the workflow engines delay all data transmitting across the services, would results in a bottleneck of communication in these grid workflows. This paper proposes a decentralized data communication model that enables peer-to-peer communication for large amount of data between grid services by means of notification mechanism of grid service and GridFTP. To enable inter-workflow data communication in the case of composite grid workflow that is composed of multiple grid workflows, data proxy services are constructed to take charge of data communication tasks of workflows. After analyzing a number of data communication patterns in the composite grid workflow, an example is given to justify the use of data proxy services.
New conservation schemes for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Jian-Qiang Sun, Zhong-Qi Ma, Wei Hua, Meng-Zhao Qin
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2006)

New explicit square-conservation schemes of any order for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are presented. The basic idea is to discrete the space variable of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation approximately so that the resulting semi-discrete equation can be cast into an ordinary differential equation dY/dt = A(t, Y)Y, A(t, Y) is a skew symmetry matrix. Then the Lie group methods, which can preserve the modulus square-conservation property of the ordinary differential equation, are applied to the ordinary differential equation. Numerical results show the effective of the Lie group method preserving the modulus square-conservation of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
SoftMAC: Layer 2.5 Collaborative MAC for Multimedia Support in Multihop Wireless Networks
Authors: Haitao Wu, Yunxin Liu, Qian Zhang, Zhi-Li Zhang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2007)

In this paper, we present the challenges in supporting multimedia, in particular, VoIP services over multihop wireless networks using commercial IEEE 802.11 MAC DCF hardware, and propose a novel software solution, called Layer 2.5 SoftMAC. Our proposed SoftMAC resides between the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer and the IP layer to coordinate the real-time (RT) multimedia and best-effort (BE) data packet transmission among neighboring nodes in a multihop wireless network. To effectively ensure acceptable VoIP services, channel busy time and collision rate need to be well controlled below appropriate levels. Targeted at this, our SoftMAC architecture employs three key mechanisms: 1) distributed admission control for regulating the load of RT traffic, 2) rate control for minimizing the impact of BT traffic on RT one, and 3) nonpreemptive priority queuing for providing high priority service to VoIP traffic. To evaluate the efficacy of these mechanisms, extensive simulations are conducted using the network simulator NS2. We also implement our proposed SoftMAC as a Windows Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) driver and build a multihop wireless network testbed with 32 wireless nodes equipped with IEEE 802.11 a/b/g combo cards. Our evaluation and testing results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed software solution. Our proposed collaborative SoftMAC framework can also provide good support for A/V streaming in home networks where the network consists of hybrid WLAN (wireless LAN) and Ethernet.
Health systems: a dynamic system---benefits from system dynamics
Authors: Patrick Koelling, Michael J. Schwandt
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Operations researchers, industrial engineers, and simulation analysts have applied their knowledge and skills to the health care system for a long time. This complex system needs their help today more than ever. The ever-growing need to understand and improve system performance challenges researchers to apply all the tools at their disposal. One of these tools that is getting increased attention is system thinking, with its application partner system dynamics. This paper presents a glimpse into the system thinking world as it is currently applied in the health care arena, and provides some thoughts on new directions for application. While there are other very useful tools, such as optimization and discrete-event simulation, that are effectively used for health care application, they should not always be the tools of choice, and suggestions are made for when system dynamics may be more appropriate for a particular application.
RWAPI over InfiniBand: Design and Performance
Authors: Ouissem Ben Fredj, Eric Renault
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of The Fifth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (2006)

This paper presents the design of the lightweight communication interface called RWAPI over the Infini- Band interconnect for clusters of PCs. RWAPI has been developed to provide performance to higher applications on a wide variety of architectures. Since the specifications of the InfiniBand interconnect provides many ways to transfer data, we are discussing some issues regarding the choices between InfiniBand capabilities. We implemented RWAPI using the grid-oriented architecture called GRWA and evaluated the communication performance. We obtained a very low latency and a throughtput very close to the maximum user bandwidth for messages as small as 4 kilo-bytes.
Outlier detection by sampling with accuracy guarantees
Authors: Mingxi Wu, Christopher Jermaine
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

An effective approach to detecting anomalous points in a data set is distance-based outlier detection. This paper describes a simple sampling algorithm to effciently detect distance-based outliers in domains where each and every distance computation is very expensive. Unlike any existing algorithms, the sampling algorithm requires a xed number of distance computations and can return good results with accuracy guarantees. The most computationally expensive aspect of estimating the accuracy of the result is sorting all of the distances computed by the sampling algorithm. The experimental study on two expensive domains as well as ten additional real-life datasets demonstrates both the effciency and effectiveness of the sampling algorithm in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithm and there liability of the accuracy guarantees.
Looking briefly back, and then forward...
Authors: Pradip Bose
Venue: IEEE Micro (2006)

Pradip Bose recalls economic and technical changes in the hardware sector of the computer industry over his four years as Editor in Chief of IEEE Micro. As he took office in 2003, the frequency wars characteristic of single-core processor designs had barely started giving way to a new trend of multicore chips, now firmly established. Bose looks ahead to challenges brought by multicore chips and anticipates the proliferation of a wide variety of ultra-power-efficient, high-performance processor chips that cater to specialized markets: Finally, Bose introduces IEEE Micro's new Editor in Chief, David Albonesi.
The Effect of Web-Based Concept Mappingin Learning Enhancem
Authors: Omar Majid, Suasparani Panot, Wong Su Luan, Yoon Tiem Leong, Hanafi Atan
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper reports on the study undertaken to elucidate the effectiveness of web-based concept mapping in the delivery of online courses. The web-based learning environment with concept mapping (WCM) for the online delivery of the first year undergraduate Physics course was specially developed. The effectiveness of this concept mapping was examined by comparing the students' (N=189) achievement in the web pages with and without concept mapping (WOCM). A student t-test analysis (p\le0.05) yielded a superior academic performance among students who constructed concept mapping as the learning progressed as opposed to those who did not utilise concept mapping. The cognitive processes in sorting out the learning materials and, organising and establishing the hierarchy of ideas would be discussed, in particular, pertaining to the facilitation of higher order thinking leading to the observed superior performance.
(UWB)2: uncoordinated, wireless, baseborn medium access for UWB communication networks
Authors: Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto, Luca De Nardis, Matthias Junk, Guerino Giancola
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2005)

A MAC protocol for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio networks named (UWB)2 is proposed. The algorithm exploits typical features of impulse radio such as large processing gain, and is conceived in conjunction with a synchronization strategy which foresees the presence of a synchronization sequence in each transmitted packet. (UWB)2 adopts a pure Aloha approach; Performance analysis of the synchronization tracking mechanism showed in fact that under the preliminary simplistic hypothesis of an AWGN channel, and for a sufficient number of pulses in the synchronization sequence, a fairly high probability of successful synchronization can be achieved, even in the presence of several users and Multi User Interference (MUI). The multiple access scheme is based on the combination of a common control channel provided by a common Time Hopping (TH) code with dedicated data channels associated to transmitter specific TH codes.Results obtained by simulation indicate that (UWB)2 can be successfully applied when the number of users spans from a few tens to about one hundred, for data rates ranging from a few thousands to a few hundreds of bits per second. Network throughput was above 99.8% in all considered simulation settings. Such achievement confirms that (UWB)2 is a suitable and straightforward solution for large networks of terminals using impulse radio for transmission at low bit rates.
Quantum system identification
Authors: M. Raginsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 3 (2003)

We formulate and study, in general terms, the problem of quantum system identification, i.e., the determination (or estimation) of unknown quantum channels through their action on suitably chosen input density operators. We also present a quantitative analysis of the worst-case performance of these schemes.
Enhancing cooperative playback systems with efficient encrypted multimedia streaming
Authors: G. Fortino, W. Russo, E. Zimeo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

Distributed platforms for live and on-demand media streaming delivery such as content distribution networks and media on-demand systems, are being diffused mainly due to the widespread availability of IP-based, bandwidth-capable digital networks. Provision of multimedia group services is usually supported by transmitting media streams to subscribers organized in a multicast group. Although multicast streaming saves bandwidth and improves scalability, it is prone to be hacked. This paper proposes an efficient technique centered on the Blowfish symmetric encryption algorithm for securing media streams based on the real-time transport protocol (RTP). The developed technique along with an ad-hoc key distribution mechanism is seamlessly embedded into our Java-based cooperative playback system - ViCRC/sup C/, which allows multicast transmission on-demand of archived multimedia sessions to a cooperative group of clients.
3D Building Detection and Modeling from Aerial LIDAR Data
Authors: Vivek Verma, Rakesh Kumar, Stephen Hsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

This paper presents a method to detect and construct a 3D geometric model of an urban area with complex buildings using aerial LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. The LIDAR data collected from a nadir direction is a point cloud containing surface samples of not only the building roofs and terrain but also undesirable clutter from trees, cars, etc. The main contribution of this work is the automatic recognition and estimation of simple parametric shapes that can be combined to model very complex buildings from aerial LIDAR data. The main components of the detection and modeling algorithms are (i) Segmentation of roof and terrain points. (ii) Roof topology Inference. We introduce the concept of a roof-topology graph to represent the relationships between the various planar patches of a complex roof structure. (iii) Parametric roof composition. Simple parametric roof shapes that can be combined to create a complex roof structure of a building are recognized by searching for sub-graphs in its roof-topology graph. (iv) Terrain Modeling. The terrain is identified and modeled as a triangulated mesh. Finally, we provide experimental results that demonstrate the validity of our approach for rapid and automatic building detection and geometric modeling with real LIDAR data. We are able to model cities and other urban areas at the rate of about 10 minutes per sq. mile on a low-end PC.