ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Involving memory resource consideration into workload distribution for software DSM systems
Authors: Yen-Tso Liu, Tyng-Yeu Liang, Zhe-Hung Kuo, Ce-Kuen Shieh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2004)

A suitable workload distribution is essential for obtaining good performance on software distributed shared memory (DSM) systems. The methods proposed by the past DSM researches only simply distribute program threads in accordance with the CPU power of the individual processors or the data sharing within the DSM applications. These methods expected the minimal program execution time by reducing computation cost and communication cost. However, memory access costs also play a significant role in determining the program performance. If a processor lacks sufficient memory space to cache all of the data required by the working threads, then it will suffer from a series of page faults and will need to execute consecutive page replacements while executing its threads. Although the threads will be able to complete their tasks, their execution will inevitably be delayed by the latency associated with executing the page replacements. To resolve this problem, this paper is dedicated to involving memory resource consideration into workload distribution for software DSM systems. The present results confirm the importance of considering memory resources when addressing the workload distribution of DSM systems. It is shown that the proposed method is more effective than previous methods which considered only CPU resource or memory resource.
Content-based Hierarchies in DHT-based Peer-to-Peer Systems
Authors: Stefan Zoels, Michael Eichhorn, Anthony Tarlano, Wolfgang Kellerer
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet Workshops (2006)

Peer-to-Peer systems allowing fast and easy search for information shared by the users of a communication network, are considered to have a huge impact on next generation mobile service platforms. To support applications that employ content categories or limit services to certain contexts more efficiently, we describe a hierarchical P2P system in this paper. In particular, our system introduces hierarchies in a DHT-based P2P system to allow topic-based queries. Based on the query statement, which is based on XPath, queries can traverse the hierarchy if the content is not found in one topic-space. Examples illustrate how our concept is used for file sharing and location-aware applications.
Optimization and representation techniques for multimedia processing software
Authors: Alexandros Eleftheriadis
Venue:  (2005)

Flavor, Formal Language for Audio-Visual Object Representation, has been introduced to simplify and speed up development of software that processes coded multimedia or any bitstream-oriented data. It is a language for describing bitstream syntax, and from the description, its translator can automatically generate C++ or Java code that can be used for bitstream reading, writing, and tracing. A Flavor description only specifies how the data is laid out on the bitstream, and as a result of this abstraction, efficient algorithms can be easily applied for automatic parsing and generation of bitstreams. The crux of the multimedia bitstream parsing and generation deals with compression, where the most widely used statistical coding methods are variable-length coding, e.g., Huffman coding, and binary arithmetic coding. &ldquo;Customizable&rdquo; methods for efficiently processing such coded data have been introduced, and the Flavor translator has been enhanced to include them in the generated code. Additionally, algorithms that automatically customize the methods have been added to the translator so that the methods work efficiently for each given set of codewords or each given binary arithmetic coder description. We show that our automatically generated methods are faster than or comparable to other known, manually designed methods. As a complementary solution to Flavor and its translator, we present XFlavor, a framework for providing XML representation of multimedia data. XFlavor can be used to convert multimedia data back and forth between binary and XML representations. Compared to bitstreams, XML documents are easier to access and manipulate, and consequently, the development of multimedia processing software is greatly facilitated, as one generic XML parser can be used to read and write different types of data in XML form. On the other hand, XML representation inflates the original binary data, and for storage or transmission, a more compact form is required. For this, the original bitstream syntax is used to convert XML documents into much smaller binary data. We show that such conversion yields better compression than any one of the currently known XML compression tools.
A Precise Model for Leakage Power Estimation in VLSI Circuits
Authors: J. Derakhshandeh, Nasser Masoumi, B. Kasiri, Y. Farazmand, Akbarzadeh, S. Aghnoot
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

Leakage current is becoming very important factor in determining the feasibility of designs, today. Due to exponential relationship between leakage current and threshold voltage in the weak inversion region, leakage power can no longer be ignored. In this paper we present a technique to accurately estimate leakage power by a linear model. In the first model the inputs are the number of all gates that used in circuit. And in the second model inputs are the number of gates and in the third model inputs are the number of input states of gates. The model is validated for a large benchmark circuits and the leakage power predicted by our model is within 5% of the actual leakage power predicted by a popular tool used in the industry.
TWiki-based facilitation in a newly formed academic community of practice
Authors: Elizabeth Da Lio, Lucia Fraboni, Tommaso Leo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Wikis (2005)

This paper reports on the first results of an ongoing project whose aim is to evaluate whether a wiki-based knowledge sharing tool like TWiki facilitates effective processes of knowledge building, sharing and transfer and fosters collaboration in a community of practice made up of Italian teachers. The project started in October 2004 and first data were collected five months later. The project was an attempt to provide them the opportunity to build more productive working relationships, stimulate new ideas, take advantage from the sharing of the broad range of professional knowledge and expertise that resides within the school. We chose TWiki as collaborative environment because its features met our needs quite well: it is open, free, easy to customize, has a versioning system and does not use proprietary technology.User training focused on both conceptual and technological aspects of TWiki.An ethnographic approach was applied to describe users' behaviour and dynamics. The results presented here describe a number of patterns of user activities together with some problems derived from the specific social and cultural context of TWiki usage observed.
Abstract shade trees
Authors: Morgan McGuire, George Stathis, Hanspeter Pfister, Shriram Krishnamurthi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games (2006)

As GPU-powered special effects become more sophisticated, it becomes harder to create and manage effect interaction using the fairly primitive shading languages. This difficulty also introduces a workflow problem: artists design effects but only programmers can implement them, making it impossible for them to work asynchronously.To address these problems we present abstract shade trees and heuristic algorithms that operate over them. The trees allow designers to easily create effects by connecting primitives such as cube mapping and modulation. These primitives publish semantically rich types that encapsulate notions like vector basis and normalization. The algorithms employ these published types to automatically infer atomic and compound connectors between the primitives, and generate code for the tree. We also describe a visual editing environment for specifying the trees.Our data structure and algorithms spare designers from having to specify low-level programming details, enabling them to experiment without depending on programmers. The algorithms ensure that the generated code will be free of type-mismatches, a problem in previous shade trees. The abstract shade tree can also naturally express high-level features like shadows and reflections whose implementations overlap; that cross-cutting has made them difficult to modularize in more traditional ways. In experiments, the generated shaders are as efficient as handwritten code.
Melody Extraction on MIDI Music Files
Authors: Giyasettin OZCAN, Cihan ISIKHAN, Adil ALPKOCAK
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

In this study, we propose a new approach to extract monophonic melody from MIDI files and provide a comparison of existing methods. Our approach is based on the elimination of MIDI channels those do not contain melodic information. First, MIDI channels are clustered depending on pitch histogram. Afterwards, a channel is selected from each cluster as representative and remaining channels and their notes are removed. Finally, Skyline algorithm is applied on the modified MIDI set to ensure accuracy of monophonic melody. We evaluated our approach within a test bed of MIDI files, composed of variable music styles. Both our approach and the results from experiments are presented in detail.
Review of Great Software Debates by Alan M. Davis
Authors: Carl Bedingfield
Venue: Ubiquity (2005)

In his review of Davis's book of essays, "Great Software Debates," Carl Bedingfield concludes: "The industry needs this book."
Ten Commandments of Formal Methods ...Ten Years Later
Authors: Jonathan P. Bowen, Michael G. Hinchey
Venue: Computer (2006)

How have the formal methods commandments fared over the past decade? Are they still valid in the current industrial setting, and have attitudes toward formal methods improved? The authors revisit their ten maxims to answer these questions.
diffX: an algorithm to detect changes in multi-version XML documents
Authors: Raihan Al-Ekram, Archana Adma, Olga Baysal
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

This paper presents the diffX algorithm for detecting changes between two versions of an XML document. The identified changes are reported as a script of edit operations. The script, when applied to the first version of the XML document, will produce the second version. The goal is to optimize the runtime of mapping the nodes between the two versions and to minimize the size of the edit script. To achieve this goal an isolated tree fragment mapping technique is used, in order to iteratively identify the largest matching tree fragments between the tree representations, of the two versions of the document. The mapping technique is robust enough to handle differences in both the structure and the content of the two trees. The generated edit script from the mapping acknowledges the different order sensitiveness of element and attributes of XML data model. The primitives for the edit script comprise both the atomic (node) and non-atomic (subtree) edit operations natural to XML document modification. The runtime of the algorithm is O(n2).
Supporting multi-party voice-over-IP services with peer-to-peer stream processing
Authors: Xiaohui Gu, Zhen Wen, Philip S. Yu, Zon-Yin Shae
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Multi-party voice-over-IP (MVoIP) services provide economical and natural group communication mechanisms for many emerging applications such as on-line gaming, distance collaboration, and tele-immersion. In this paper, we present a novel peer-to-peer (P2P) stream processing system called peerTalk to provide resource-efficient and failure-resilient MVoIP services. Different from previous work, our solution is fully distributed and self-organizing without requiring specialized servers or IP multicast support. Particularly, we decouple the stream processing in MVoIP services into two phases: (1) aggregation phase that mixes audio streams from active speakers into a single stream; and (2) distribution phase that distributes the mixed audio stream to all listeners. The decoupled model allows us to optimize and adapt the P2P stream mixing and distribution processes separately. Specifically, we can adaptively spread stream mixing workload among resource-constrained peer hosts according to current speaking activities. We have implemented a prototype of the peerTalk system and conducted experiments in real-world wide-area networks. The results show that peerTalk can achieve lower resource contention and better service quality than previous common solution.
Using concept maps to represent complex systems, synthesize knowledge construction and enhance collaborative problem solving in online distance education
Authors: Charlotte N. Gunawardena
Venue:  (2004)

This study investigated the use of web-based concept maps to represent complex systems, synthesize knowledge construction, and enhance collaborative problem solving in online distance education. The study used an exploratory-descriptive research design that used a qualitative methods approach to examine online text-based conferences and concept maps generated by students during a semester in order to: (a) Describe how students reacted to concept maps posted by their peers; (b) Identify and describe how collaborative concept maps generated by moderators helped in synthesizing the new knowledge generated by students in an online computer conference; and (c) Explore how concept maps fostered collaborative problem solving activities in an online learning environment. The research findings revealed that web-based concept maps were accepted by all members of the class, resulting in positive reaction and feedback from their peers. It was evidenced that with only a few hours of training, all students were able to generate concept maps using the Cmap Tool v.3 software. It was concluded that concept maps were good tools to organize, synthesize, and represent complex systems. A modified version of Gunawardena, Lowe, and Anderson's (1997) model was used to analyze the social construction of knowledge that occurred in a computer conference, and these results were compared with the concept maps generated by moderators. From this analysis, the conclusion was made that concept maps were an appropriate and useful tool to organize, summarize and preserve social construction of knowledge that occurred in a computer conference discussion. Based on the different degrees of Cmap Tool software use as a collaborative tool to solve problems in the online environment, it was concluded that web-based concept maps were appropriate for: (a) brainstorming ideas to be included in a problem-solving task; (b) communicating ideas; (c) negotiating ideas; (d) reaching consensus; (e) visualizing the whole; (f) visualizing different alternatives to solve a problem; (g) visualizing gaps or deficiencies in the problem context. The use of concept mapping techniques for the presentation of information in a non-linear learning approach could be an important implication for student's understanding complex processes in online distance education.
Towards a Grid enabled system for multicomponent materials design
Authors: K. Teranishi, P. Raghavan, Zi-Kui Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2004)

We are developing a portal for multicomponent materials design using Grid-enabled large-scale simulations. In this paper we report on our services based application architecture which allows integration of simulation software with Grid services to provide a Web-based computational laboratory for the modeling of Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloys. We examine user requirements and describe the design of our framework. Our architecture is implemented using existing middleware such as the Globus and Java CoG toolkits. An interesting feature of our design is the separation of the high-level specification of the materials modeling system from the implementation through the use of a markup language such as XML. We use markup languages with domain-specific extensions to specify (in architecture-independent form) rules and constraints that allow meaningful composition of simulation tasks and experimentally determined material properties. In addition, we use them to specify application code interfaces so that our simulation server can be dynamically reconfigured to include new software and constraints.
An Automatic Summarization Service System Based on Web Services
Authors: Wang Zhiqi, Wang Yongcheng, Liu Chuanhan, Liu Derong
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

Web Services technology is a burgeoning technology that has received tremendous amount of attention in the software in recent years. An automatic summarization service system is introduced in the paper. The system is based on automatic summarization technique and web services technique. It can offer users the summarization services, which can automatically and directly transform a long text of a web page into a more condensed one to help people's reading. The system is made up of 4 parts: Management Web Services, Automatic Summarization application, Client and Web Site. The architecture and detailed function of each part are illustrated in the paper. Management Web Services is the core of the system, which is responsible for security, charge and management of the services. The major innovative characteristics of the system are its facility to use, user friendliness and its adaptability to user's needs, being a Chinese language system. A demonstration of the service system is also given in the paper.
Exception Handling in Distributed Workflow Systems Using Mobile Agents
Authors: Jiannong Cao, Jin Yang, Wai Ting Chan, Chengzhong Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) are software systems used to automate, coordinate and streamline business processes of organizations. Most existing research on WfMSs has been focused on workflows based on well-structured and well-behaved business processes. Although its importance has been recognized, only recently, modeling and handling of workflow exceptions has been tackled by the workflow community. In this paper, we propose a mobile agent based approach to handling exceptions in distributed workflow management systems. Mobile agents are dispatched to find out the status of running processes in the system to keep track and troubleshoot them when necessary. We describe the classification of workflow exceptions into hierarchical levels and the corresponding design of different types of exceptionhandling mobile agents and their cooperation. A prototype of the mobile agent-based workflow exception handling mechanism has been implemented using the IBM Aglet platform.
Neural Network and Optical Correlators for Infrared Imaging Based Face Recognition
Authors: Joanna Bauer, Jacek Mazurkiewicz
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2005)

This paper deals with the problem of thermovision application for biometric people recognition. The main goal of research was the automatization of recognition process and proving, whether the infrared imaging can be exploited for realization of the biometric system. First, the data base composed of 270 images made in different conditions, was built. Next, the multilayer perceptron and two optical correlators such as joint transform correlator and 4f correlator, were applied. Each system was designed for realizing two various tasks: verification and identification. Finally, the systems were tested and evaluated according to the Face Recognition Vendor Tests (FRVT). Achieved results proved that temperature distribution on the human face is a biometric trait and people can be efficiently recognized with usage of infrared imagery.
RAMM: A Game Theoretical Replica Allocation and Management Mechanism
Authors: Samee Ullah Khan, Ishfaq Ahmad
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms and Networks (2005)

This paper proposes an agent-based distributed replica allocation and management technique, where each agent maximizes its own benefit, such as, user access time, latency and communication cost. The technique gathers inspiration from market economy and game theoretical mechanism designs. In such mechanisms the agents do not have a global view of the system, which makes the optimization process highly localized. This local optimization may encourage these agents to alter the output of the resource allocation mechanism in their favor and act selfishly. The proposed technique guarantees a global optimal solution even though the system acts in a distributed fashion operated by self-motivated selfish agents. The mechanism is extensively evaluated against some well-known replica placement algorithms such as greedy, branch and bound, game theoretical auctions and genetic algorithms. The experimental results reveal that the mechanism provides excellent solution quality, while maintaining fast execution time.
Coupling climate models with the Earth System Modeling Framework and the Common Component Architecture
Authors: S. J. Zhou
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2006)

Typical Earth system models involve coupled model components in high-performance computing (HPC) environments. In the last few years, several frameworks have been developed for HPC applications. Two of them are component-based frameworks: the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) defining a component interface for Earth system models and the Common Component Architecture (CCA) defining a generic component model. The purpose of this work is to investigate the relationship between ESMF and CCA to deploy the best features of ESMF and CCA into a ESMF&ndash;CCA prototype and examine the prototype through a representative coupled climate model. Copyright &copy; 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception-Based Microtuning over MIDI Networks
Authors: Ahmed Shawky Moussa
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

MIDI has intrinsic limitations that have held back the development of flexible microtunable systems. I evaluate previous solutions and address the problem of pervasive microtuning in MIDI networks within the context of the general weaknesses and underusage of MIDI technology. I then describe my prototyped and patent-pending solution called U-Tune, which involves implementing pervasive microtuning over a MIDI network.