ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Display techniques for interactive text manipulation
Authors: Charles H. Irby
Venue: Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition (1974)

The Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), has been developing for several years a computer-based on-line system called NLS. NLS is part of ARC's research on enhancing the intellectual effectiveness of people. Central to the developments to date is highly interactive text manipulation using chiefly display terminals. The NLS system supports a range of display terminals (from expensive text/graphics displays to inexpensive Alpha Numeric displays) and typewriter terminals. The NLS program runs as a subsystem within a TENEX time-sharing system on a DEC PDP-10 computer.
Case study for usage modeling in the automotive industry
Authors: Arai Monteforte
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

Stress, strength and their interference are essential components of reliability. To estimate product reliability, reliability engineers require an understanding of product stress. Such estimates are more meaningful if stress relates directly to product use. Because often usage data is stable and varies little over time, obtaining representative mathematical models for stress and usage is feasible. Applying discrete event simulation along with usage and stress distributions can then simplify traditional modeling approaches (which required second-by-second data sets for every use element), thus reducing cost and time to acquire information. Developing modules that replicate conditions based on factors such as geographic location, time, etc. gives companies more flexibility in usage models to better support new global markets and product applications. ReliaSoft shares an example developed for a customer of an application of usage modeling, using ReliaSoft's RENO simulation software, to drive requirements, product development and reliability estimates for the global automotive market. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Perturbation Bounds for Certain Matrix Expressions and Numerical Solution of Matrix Equations
Authors: M. M. Konstantinov, P. Hr. Petkov, N. D. Christov
Venue: Numerical Analysis and Its Applications: 4th International Conference, NAA 2008, Lozenetz, Bulgaria, June 16-20, 2008. Revised Selected Papers (2009)

The paper deals with the derivation of improved perturbation bounds for the matrix expression and their application to the sensitivity analysis and the solution of fractional---affine matrix equations. An estimate of the overall error in the solution of matrix equations is also given.
International cooperation and country-by-country assessment
Authors: Neil R. Helm, Alfred U. Mac Rae, Charles W. Bostian, Christoph E. Mahle
Venue: Space Communications (2000)

A single satellite located at GEO provides communications coverage over $1/3$ of the surface of the Earth. Thus, by their very nature, satellites are an international communications media. A NASA and NSF sponsored study of satellite technology and markets included visits by a group of experienced satellite communications engineers and policy makers to over 60 locations located in North and South America, Europe and Asia. They concluded that the rapidly growing and large market for communications satellite services has attracted the attention of numerous countries and companies located over the entire globe. These countries are investing in R&D and the establishment of manufacturing facilities to enable them to be not only users of such services but significant participants in this growth market in the future. This paper summarizes the visits to satellite communication facilities located all over the globe and describes their R&D activities in support of this rapidly growing business. The participants in this study concluded that the major investment in satellite communications R&D in numerous countries, located all over the globe, represents a serious threat to the United States&rsquo; continued long term dominance in the manufacture of satellites and in the development of new satellite based services.
A Flexible Architecture for Heterogeneous Replayable Workspaces
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (1996)

This paper presents a novel and flexible architecture to support the asynchronous sharing of computer-supported workspaces (CSWs), or simply replayable workspaces. Such workspaces are composed of multiple, interacting tools. Through the capture, re-execution, and manipulation of a session with a CSW, it is possible to reuse valuable collaborative information, (e.g., the how-to process).The session is encapsulated into a session object --- composed of heterogeneous media streams that represent input sequences to CSW tools. CSW tools are modeled as plug-in components to the CSW. A stream controller process extends temporal-awareness to a CSW tool and its media. A session manager coordinates the various stream controllers and their media. Our architecture provides flexible coordination of the various tools found on a CSW and fine-grained integration of their heterogeneous media. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Reduced empathizing skills increase challenges for user-centered design
Authors: William Hudson
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

User-Centered Design is surprisingly difficult. One of the biggest issues, certainly for those with no HCI or usability experience, is a lack of appreciation of how users think and work. Their assumption is that users will approach and solve problems in the same way as the designers and developers of an interactive solution. Extreme examples of this self-as-user outlook is the belief that interaction problems are either the direct fault of users or the failure of users to follow instructions (the 'RTFM' syndrome [9]). This paper explores a psychological explanation of the self-as-user outlook through Empathizing-Systemizing theory, including a large-scale study (n = 441) of men and women working in the Information Technology field. The study found that men whose role was technological had significantly lower empathizing scores. The results of the study help to explain the self-as-user outlook and how it needs to be overcome in the design process.
Recognition of Eye States in Real Time Video
Authors: Lei Yunqi, Yuan Meiling, Song Xiaobing, Liu Xiuxia, Ouyang Jiangfan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

A composite algorithm is proposed to identify the opened and shut states of eye in real-time video. Sequentially, each frame of the video is processed first to find and separate the eye regions; then, the accumulation array of circular Hough transform is applied for detecting circles to recognize the opened state of the eye, and the upper eyelid curve is cal-culated to identify its bending direction to recognize the shut state; after that, if the state cannot be determined yet, judging by the standard deviation of distance between eyelids, the eye state of blinking is determined finally. An accuracy of 94% for eye state detection is obtained in our experiments by using the proposed algorithm. As an important part, the algorithm is going to be utilized in a fatigue warning system for drivers.
Inference for multivariate normal mixtures
Authors: Jiahua Chen, Xianming Tan
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2009)

Multivariate normal mixtures provide a flexible model for high-dimensional data. They are widely used in statistical genetics, statistical finance, and other disciplines. Due to the unboundedness of the likelihood function, classical likelihood-based methods, which may have nice practical properties, are inconsistent. In this paper, we recommend a penalized likelihood method for estimating the mixing distribution. We show that the maximum penalized likelihood estimator is strongly consistent when the number of components has a known upper bound. We also explore a convenient EM-algorithm for computing the maximum penalized likelihood estimator. Extensive simulations are conducted to explore the effectiveness and the practical limitations of both the new method and the ratified maximum likelihood estimators. Guidelines are provided based on the simulation results.
Software testing techniques for universal building blocks of multimicrosystems
Authors: M. Annaratone, M. G. Sami
Venue: Proceedings of the June 7-10, 1982, national computer conference (1982)

VLSI components testing---in particular, concerning microprocessors---is an essential step during design and production of fault-tolerant complex systems. Actually, an efficient general method should adapt to such different phases as incoming acceptance, periodical testing, maintenance, and even design of self-testing and fault-tolerant units. Most authors presenting this problem in recent papers advocated functional approaches as the most promising, or even the only possible, ones. In the present paper the problem is analyzed with the purpose of identifying a general criterion capable of leading to semiautomatic test pattern generators through formal definition of the test approach itself. To this end, microprogramming is adopted for creating the functional model of a VLSI programmable device, starting from user-available information. The approach aims at identifying the presence of faulty behavior error rather than at localizing its physical source fault. This appears to be reasonable, given the testing criterion applications listed above. It will be seen that, although a degree of freedom exists in defining device model and error model, basic characteristics are independent of it and lead to necessary conditions for error coverage.
Off-chip communication architectures for high throughput network processors
Authors: Jacob Engel, Taskin Kocak
Venue: Computer Communications (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new interconnection mechanism for network line cards. We project that the packet storage needs for the next-generation networks will be much higher. Such that the number of memory modules required to store the packets will be more than that can be directly connected to the network processor (NPU). In other words, the NPU I/O pins are limited and they do not scale well with the growing number of memory modules and processing elements employed on the network line cards. As a result, we propose to explore more suitable off-chip interconnect and communication mechanisms that will replace the existing systems and that will provide extraordinary high throughput. In particular, we investigate if the packet-switched k-ary n-cube networks can be a solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time, the k-ary n-cube networks are used on a board. We investigate multiple k-ary n-cube based interconnects and include a variation of 2-ary 3-cube interconnect called the 3D-mesh. All of the k-ary n-cube interconnects include multiple, highly efficient techniques to route, switch, and control packet flows in order to minimize congestion spots and packet loss within the interconnects. We explore the tradeoffs between implementation constraints and performance. Performance results show that k-ary n-cube topologies significantly outperform the existing line card interconnects and they are able to sustain higher traffic loads. Furthermore, the 3D-mesh reaches the highest performance results of all interconnects and allows future scalability to adopt more memories and/or processors to increase the line card's processing power.
An integrated crosscutting concern migration strategy and its semi-automated application to JHotDraw
Authors: Marius Marin, Arie Deursen, Leon Moonen, Robin Rijst
Venue: Automated Software Engineering (2009)

In this paper we propose a systematic strategy for migrating crosscutting concerns in existing object-oriented systems to aspect-oriented programming solutions. The proposed strategy consists of four steps: mining, exploration, documentation and refactoring of crosscutting concerns. We discuss in detail a new approach to refactoring to aspect-oriented programming that is fully integrated with our strategy, and apply the whole strategy to an object-oriented system, namely the JHotDraw framework.Moreover, we present a method to semi-automatically perform the aspect-introducing refactorings based on identified crosscutting concern sorts which is supported by a prototype tool called sair. We perform an exploratory case study in which we apply this tool on the same object-oriented system and compare its results with the results of manual migration in order to assess the feasibility of automated aspect refactoring. Both the refactoring tool sair and the results of the manual migration are made available as open-source, the latter providing the largest aspect-introducing refactoring available to date.We report on our experiences with conducting both case studies and reflect on the success and challenges of the migration process.
Multi-Classifier Systems (MCSs) of Remote Sensing Imagery Classification Based on Texture Analysis
Authors: Hongfen Li, Guangdao Hu, Jiang-Feng Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Advances in Computation and Intelligence (2008)

This article concerns methods of improving the accuracy of land cover maps using Very High-resolution Satellites (VHRS).It discusses two methods for increasing the accuracy of classifiers used in land cover mapping. One is texture analysis using GLCM method and the other is multiple classifier system (MCSs) using voting rules. A case study of QuickBird Imagery of an area in Chenggong County of Yunnan Province is conducted based on an analysis of QuickBird imagery. The experiment results show that these two methods can improve the accuracy greatly. The applying of texture bands makes an increase of 2.6816%, and the MCSs make an increase of 3.9512%.
Large-scale service overlay networking with distance-based clustering
Authors: Jingwen Jin, Klara Nahrstedt
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2003 International Conference on Middleware (2003)

The problem of service routing (or dynamic service composition) has recently emerged as a consequence of the distributed composable services model residing in middleware layer(s). However, existing solutions are mostly suitable for small- or medium-scale service overlay networks, as service routing is performed over flat overlay topologies such as a mesh. Due to their increasing routing information maintenance costs, these flat (single-level) topology solutions cannot cope with large-scale service overlay networking. For better scalability, in this paper, we provide a hierarchical service routing framework, which comprises three parts. In the first part, we organize the overlay network nodes into clusters based on their Internet distances. We then construct a hierarchically fully connected (HFC) topology based on the clustering result. In such a topology, nodes within a cluster are considered fully connected, and the clusters themselves are also fully connected by their border nodes. In the second part, a hierarchical state information distribution protocol will be provided so that each node in the system maintains full state of the nodes in its own cluster and aggregate state of other clusters in the system. In the third part, we present how service paths can be computed hierarchically in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Through simulation tests, we demonstrate that while achieving much better scalability, our framework provides also as good and efficient service paths as single-level mesh solutions.
Automated patient record summaries for health care auditing
Authors: Robert Chalice, Olga M. Haring, Ronald Hochsprung
Venue: Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition (1974)

At Northwestern University Medical Center, a computer printed summary report showing a patient's current condition appears to be especially useful in outpatient therapy. A printed summary report lends itself to the objectives of: 1. Displaying a patient's current condition in an organized, up-to-date, accurate, and legible form. 2. Auditing patient care in a uniform and consistent manner by processing the machine readable summary data.
Traffic analysis of peer-to-peer IPTV communities
Authors: Thomas Silverston, Olivier Fourmaux, Alessio Botta, Alberto Dainotti, Antonio Pescapé, Giorgio Ventre, Kavé Salamatian
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2009)

The Internet is currently experiencing one of the most important challenges in terms of content distribution since its first uses as a medium for content delivery: users from passive downloaders and browsers are moving towards content producers and publishers. They often distribute and retrieve multimedia contents establishing network communities. This is the case of peer-to-peer IPTV communities. In this work we present a detailed study of P2P IPTV traffic, providing useful insights on both transport- and packet-level properties as well as on the behavior of the peers inside the network. In particular, we provide novel results on the (i) ports and protocols used; (ii) differences between signaling and video traffic; (iii) behavior of the traffic at different time scales; (iv) differences between TCP and UDP traffic; (v) traffic generated and received by peers; (vi) peers neighborhood and session duration. The knowledge gained thanks to this analysis is useful for several tasks, e.g. traffic identification, understanding the performance of different P2P IPTV technologies and the impact of such traffic on network nodes and links, and building more realistic models for simulations.
Eliciting honest value information in a batch-queue environment
Authors: Andrew Mutz, Rich Wolski, John Brevik
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (2007)

Markets and auctions have been proposed as mechanisms for efficiently and fairly allocating resources in a number of different computational settings. Economic approaches to resource allocation in batch-controlled systems, however, have proved difficult due to the fact that, unlike reservation systems, every resource allocation decision made by the scheduler affects the turnaround time of all jobs in the queue. Economists refer to this characteristic as an “externality”, where a transaction affects more than just the immediate resource consumer and producer. The problem is particularly acute for computational grid systems where organizations wish to engage in service-level agreements but are not at liberty to abandon completely the use of space-sharing and batch scheduling as the local control policies. Grid administrators desire the ability to make these agreements based on anticipated user demand, but eliciting truthful reportage of job importance and priority has proved difficult due to the externalities present when resources are batch controlled. In this paper we propose and evaluate the application of the Expected Externality Mechanism as an approach to solving this problem that is based on economic principles. In particular, this mechanism provides incentives for users to reveal information honestly about job importance and priority in an environment where batch-scheduler resource allocation decisions introduce “externalities” that affect all users. Our tests indicate that the mechanism meets its theoretical predictions in practice and can be implemented in a computationally tractable manner.
Affordances and Cognitive Walkthrough for Analyzing Human-Virtual Human Interaction
Authors: Zsófia Ruttkay, Rieks Akker
Venue: Verbal and Nonverbal Features of Human-Human and Human-Machine Interaction: COST Action 2102 International Conference, Patras, Greece, October 29-31, 2007. Revised Papers (2008)

This study investigates how the psychological notion of affordance, known from human computer interface design, can be adopted for the analysis and design of communication of a user with a Virtual Human (VH), as a novel interface. We take as starting point the original notion of affordance, used to describe the function of objects for humans. Then, we dwell on the human-computer interaction case when the object used by the human is (a piece of software in) the computer. In the next step, we look at human-human communication and identify actual and perceived affordances of the human body and mind. Then using the generic framework of affordances, we explain certain essential phenomena of human-human multimodal communication. Finally, we show how they carry over to the case of communicating with a 'designed human', that is an VH, whose human-like communication means may be augmented with ones reminiscent of the computer and fictive worlds. In the closing section we discuss and reformulate the method of cognitive walkthrough to make it applicable for evaluating the design of verbal and non-verbal interactive behaviour of VHs.
A heuristic to manage perishable inventory with batch ordering, positive lead-times, and time-varying demand
Authors: Rob A. C. M. Broekmeulen, Karel H. van Donselaar
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2009)

So far the literature on inventory control for perishable products has mainly focused on (near-) optimal replenishment policies for a stylized environment, assuming no lead-time, no lot-sizing, stationary demand, a first in first out withdrawal policy and/or product life time equal to two periods. This literature has given fundamental insight in the behavior and the complexity of inventory systems for perishable products. In practice, many grocery retailers have recently automated the inventory replenishment for non-perishable products. They recognize they may need a different replenishment logic for perishable products, which takes into account e.g. the age of the inventory in the system. Due to new information technologies like RFID, it now also becomes more economically feasible to register this type of information. This paper suggests a replenishment policy for perishable products which takes into account the age of inventories and which requires only very simple calculations. It will be shown that in an environment, which contains important features of the real-life retail environment, this new policy leads to substantial cost reductions compared with a base policy that does not take into account the age of inventories.
Using peer-led team learning to increase participation and success of under-represented groups in introductory computer science
Authors: Susan Horwitz, Susan H. Rodger, Maureen Biggers, David Binkley, C. Kolin Frantz, Dawn Gundermann, Susanne Hambrusch, Steven Huss-Lederman, Ethan Munson, Barbara Ryder, Monica Sweat
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (2009)

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a program that uses active recruiting and peer-led team learning to try to increase the participation and success of women and minority students in undergraduate computer science. These strategies were applied at eight universities starting in the fall of 2004. There have been some impressive results: We succeeded in attracting under-represented students who would not otherwise have taken a CS course. Evaluation shows that participation in our program significantly improves retention rates and grades, especially for women. Students in the program, as well as the students who served as peer leaders, are uniformly enthusiastic about their experience.