ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Inferring XML schema definitions from XML data
Authors: Geert Jan Bex, Frank Neven, Stijn Vansummeren
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases (2007)

Although the presence of a schema enables many optimizations for operations on XML documents, recent studies have shown that many XML documents in practice either do not refer to a schema, or refer to a syntactically incorrect one. It is therefore of utmost importance to provide tools and techniques that can automatically generate schemas from sets of sample documents. While previous work in this area has mostly focused on the inference of Document Type Definitions (DTDs for short), we will consider the inference of XML Schema Definitions (XSDs for short) --- the increasingly popular schema formalism that is turning DTDs obsolete. In contrast to DTDs where the content model of an element depends only on the element's name, the content model in an XSD can also depend on the context in which the element is used. Hence, while the inference of DTDs basically reduces to the inference of regular expressions from sets of sample strings, the inference of XSDs also entails identifying from a corpus of sample documents the contexts in which elements bear different content models. Since a seminal result by Gold implies that no inference algorithm can learn the complete class of XSDs from positive examples only, we focus on a class of XSDs that captures most XSDs occurring in practice. For this class, we provide a theoretically complete algorithm that always infers the correct XSD when a sufficiently large corpus of XML documents is available. In addition, we present a variant of this algorithm that works well on real-world (and therefore incomplete) data sets.
Applied Computer Graphic in a Geographic Information System: Problem and Successes
Authors: Connie MacDonld, Ian Crian
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1985)

Graphic output capabilities already enhance geographic information systems. Is the realization of their full potential just around the corner?
Energy-Efficient Real-Time Task Scheduling in Multiprocessor DVS Systems
Authors: Jian-Jia Chen, Chuan-Yue Yang, Tei-Wei Kuo, Chi-Sheng Shih
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2007)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) circuits have been widely adopted in many computing systems to provide tradeoff between performance and power consumption. The effective use of energy could not only extend operation duration for hand-held devices but also cut down power bills of server systems. Moreover, while many chip makers are releasing multi-core chips and multiprocessor system-on-a-chips (SoCs), multiprocessor platforms for different applications become even more popular. Multiprocessor platforms could improve the system performance and accommodate the growing demand of computing power and the variety of application functionality. This paper summarizes our work on several important issues in energy-efficient scheduling for real-time tasks in multiprocessorDVS systems. Distinct from most previous work based on heuristics, we aim at the provision of approximated solutions with worst-case guarantees. The proposed algorithms are evaluated by a series of experiments to provide insights in system designs.
How to improve learning when going online using POPBL
Authors: Ole E. M. Borch, Jan Helbo, Per Printz Madsen
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

It is accepted worldwide; that Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a very fine method to improve learning motivation and to satisfy the students being more innovative and creative. Progress in learning is supported by teaching, individual and team reflections and collaborative project work. On-campus the learning process is organized having scheduled course sessions, regular team meetings and project work in groups. As regards online education, rooms are virtual, team members are spread on different locations and distance teaching makes it difficult to attract attention. Consequently, Didactical, Pedagogical and Technological (DPT) methods must be selected and used properly to ensure progress in the learning process. Although it has never been proven that PBL increases learning, there are many observations indicating improved learning, e.g. the students are able to learn more beyond required objectives within the defined time slot. The remote online education Master of Industrial Information Technology (MII) at Aalborg University (AAU), Denmark, is using collaborative Project Organized PBL (POPBL) and is using new DPT resulting in very high motivation and in remarkable learning results. This article explains how this is achieved and sets up some recommendations for performing online POPBL. Experiences from online education are on-campus adaptable.
Modeling Power Supply Noise in Delay Testing
Authors: Jing Wang, Duncan M. (Hank) Walker, Xiang Lu, Ananta Majhi, Bram Kruseman, Guido Gronthoud, Luis Elvira Villagra, Paul J. A. M. van de Wiel, Stefan Eichenberger
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2007)

Excessive power supply noise can affect path delay in ICs. Silicon results show that filling of don't-care bits in test patterns can cause as much as 15% delay variation. Such extra delay may cause overkill during delay test. This article describes two types of low-cost noise models, compares them in model accuracy and application, and provides directions for model improvement. Excessive noise may come from compaction or filling during delay test generation. Experiments show how noise varies with different filling approaches, and how compaction is affected when the noise level for compacted tests is constrained.
Queuing Networks with Random Selection for Service
Authors: J. R. Spirn
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1979)

To the class of queuing networks analyzable by the method of Baskett, Chandy, Muntz, and Palacios, we add service centers whose scheduling is random. That is, upon completion of a service interval, the server chooses next to serve one of the waiting customers selected at random. As in the case of first-come first-served (FCFS) scheduling, all tasks must have the same exponentially distributed service time at such a center. We show that for purposes of this analysis, the results are identical to FCFS queuing. Example applications for random selection scheduling in computer system modeling are provided.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a hierarchical organization of the prefrontal cortex
Authors: David Badre, Mark D'Esposito
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2007)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is central to flexible and organized action. Recent theoretical and empirical results suggest that the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobes may reflect a hierarchical organization of control. Here, we test whether the rostro-caudal axis of the PFC is organized hierarchically, based on the level of abstraction at which multiple representations compete to guide selection of action. Four functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments parametrically manipulated the set of task-relevant (a) responses, (b) features, (c) dimensions, and (d) overlapping cue-to-dimension mappings. A systematic posterior to anterior gradient was evident within the PFC depending on the manipulated level of representation. Furthermore, across four fMRI experiments, activation in PFC subregions was consistent with the sub-and superordinate relationships that define an abstract representational hierarchy. In addition to providing further support for a representational hierarchy account of the rostro-caudal gradient in the PFC, these data provide important empirical constraints on current theorizing about control hierarchies and the PFC.
Special Feature Requirements Anaysis in Clinical Research Information Processing A Case Study
Authors: G. F. Groner
Venue: Computer (1979)

System designers often neglect to do a thorough requirements analysis before beginning development. This effort shows how such an analysis can improve the usefulness of a new system.
Free Knot Splines for Supervised Classification
Authors: Nicolas Molinari
Venue: Journal of Classification (2007)

Data in many different fields come to practitioners through a process naturally described as functional. We propose a classification procedure of oxidation curves. Our algorithm is based on two stages: fitting the functional data by linear splines with free knots and classifying the estimated knots which estimate useful oxidation parameters. A real data set on 57 oxidation curves is used to illustrate our approach.
Asynchronous Sequential Switching Circuits with Unrestricted Input Changes
Authors: S. H. Unger
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1971)

The problem of designing asynchronous circuits where the changes in binary input signals occur independently of one another is discussed. If several input changes occur within some interval d1, the circuit behaves as though the changes were simultaneous. If consecutive changes are spaced by intervals exceeding some longer interval d2 then the circuit reacts as though a sequence of single changes had occurred. But when the spacing is between these values, the system may react in an unsatisfactory manner unless special attention is paid to the problem during the design process. Constraints imposed by this problem on the row assignment and on the delay elements are derived.
The Intelligent Damage Assessment and Intelligent Reconfiguration System of Ship Diesel System
Authors: Yue Hou, Jin-yun Pu
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 03 (2007)

The intelligent damage assessment model and intelligent reconfiguration model of diesel system are important parts of the emergency-repair decision support system of the ship power system. If we can assess and repair the damage of the diesle system intelligently and correctly, the usability, survivability and safety of the ship will be improved greatly. The damage assessment is the basic of the reconfiguration, so the intelligent damage assessment model is discussed firstly. The graph theory is used to found the math model of diesel system firstly and the breadth first search arithmetic is used to solve the problem of diesel system intelligent damage assessment. Then the arithmetic of intelligent reconfiguration of diesel system is designed. Based on the foundation of the intelligent damage assessment arithmetic and intelligent reconfiguration arithmetic, the intelligent damage assessment and intelligent reconfiguration system of the damaged diesel system is designed based on UML and is realized in VB program environment.
The Implementation of Run-Time Diagnostics in Pascal
Authors: C. N. Fischer
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1980)

This paper considers the role of run-time diagnostic checking in enforcing the rules of the Pascal programming language. Run-time diagnostic checks must be both complete (covering all language requirements) and efficient. Further, such checks should be implemented so that the cost of enforcing the correct use of a given construct is borne by users of that construct. This paper descxibes simple and efficient mechanisms currently in use with a diagnostic Pascal compiler that monitor the run-time behavior of such sensitive Pascal constructs as pointers, variant records, reference (i.e., var) parameters, and with statements. The use of these mechanisms with related constructs in other languages is considered. Language modifications that simplify run-time checking ate also noted.
An encrypted payload protocol and target-side scripting engine
Authors: Dino A. Dai Zovi
Venue: Proceedings of the first USENIX workshop on Offensive Technologies (2007)

Modern exploit payloads in commercial and open-source penetration testing frameworks have grown much more advanced than the traditional shellcode they replaced. These payloads permit interactive access without launching a shell, network proxying, and many other rich features. Available payload frameworks have several limitations, however. They make little use of encryption to secure delivery and communications, especially in earlier stage payloads. In addition, their richer features require a constant network connection to the penetration tester, making them unsuitable against mobile clients, such as laptops, PDAs, and smart phones. This work introduces a first-stage exploit payload that is able to securely establish an encrypted channel using ElGamal key agreement and the RC4 stream cipher. The key agreement implementation requires only modular exponentiation and RC4 also lends itself to an implementation requiring a very small amount of executable code. This secure channel is used to send further executable code and deliver a fully-featured interpreter to execute mission logic written in the high-level Lua scripting language. This scripting environment permits secure code delivery as well as disconnected operation and execution of penetration testing mission logic.
A Novel Anchorperson Detection Algorithm Based on Spatio-temporal Slice
Authors: Anan Liu, Sheng Tang, Yongdong Zhang, Jintao Li, Zhaoxuan Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2007)

For conveniently navigating and editing the news programs, it is very important to segment the video into meaningful units. The effective indexing of news videos can be fulfilled by the anchorperson shot because it is an indicator which denotes the occurrence of upcoming news stories. The paper presents a novel anchorperson detection algorithm based on spatio-temporal slice (STS). With STS pattern analysis, clustering and decision fusion, anchorperson shots can be detected for browsing news video. The large-scale experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm is accurate, robust and effective.
Stack Machine Development Australia, Great Britain, and Europe
Authors: F. G. Duncan
Venue: Computer (1977)

In Europe, the computer in which the stack principle was most highly developed was the English Electric KDF9 (first delivered in 1963). This machine had two hardware stacks-onr for return addresses, the other a work stack with arithmetic and logic facilities. Regrettably, the experience gained on this machine was never embodied in a successor. It is worthwhile to look at the origins of its design.
Architecting-problems rooted in requirements
Authors: Remo N. Ferrari, Nazim H. Madhavji
Venue: Information and Software Technology (2008)

Requirements permeate many parts of the software development process outside the requirements engineering (RE) process. It is thus important to determine whether software developers in these other areas of software development face any requirements-oriented (RO) problems in carrying out their tasks. Feedback so obtained can be invaluable for improving both requirements and RE technologies. In this paper, we describe an exploratory case study of requirements-oriented problems experienced by 16 architecting teams designing the same banking application. The study found that there were several different types of RO problems, of varying severity, which the architects faced in using the given requirements; those architects with RE background also faced RO problems; and about a third of all problems were RO problems. There was much concurrence of our findings with software-expert opinion from a large insurance company. There were also areas where there were relatively few RO problems. The paper also describes some implications of the findings for the RE field, particularly in the areas of: expression of quality requirements for different stakeholders; empirical studies on quality scenarios; tighter integration of RE and software architecting processes; and requirements to architecture mapping. There are opportunities for further research based on two emergent hypotheses which are also described in this paper.
Variable domain transformation for linear PAC analysis of mixed-signal systems
Authors: Jaeha Kim, Kevin D. Jones, Mark A. Horowitz
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2007)

This paper describes a method to perform linear AC analysis on mixed-signal systems which appear strongly nonlinear in the voltage domain but are linear in other variable domains. Common circuits like phase/delay-locked loops and duty-cycle correctors fall into this category, since they are designed to be linear with respect to phases, delays, and duty-cycles of the input and output clocks, respectively. The method uses variable domain translators to change the variables to which the AC perturbation is applied and from which the AC response is measured. By utilizing the efficient periodic AC (PAC) analysis available in commercial RF simulators, the circuit's linear transfer function in the desired variable domain can be characterized without relying on extensive transient simulations. Furthermore, the variable domain translators enable the circuits to be macromodeled as weakly-nonlinear systems in the chosen domain and then converted to voltage-domain models, instead of being modeled as strongly-nonlinear systems directly.
e-Petri Net Model for Programming Integrated Network of Wireless Sensor Networks and Grids
Authors: Adi Mallikarjuna Reddy V, D. Janakiram
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2007)

Applications like weather forecasting and prediction, health-care monitoring, habitat monitoring, tsunami- warning systems, demand integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with grids. The issues that need to be addressed are, providing suitable programming platform, seamless networking, data management, service/resource discovery etc. Objective of this work is to provide a pro- gramming model for this integrated network. We propose a programming model built using e-Petri Net, an extension to the classical Petri Net. We define the meta model for the e- Petri Net using Generic Modeling Environment (GME) tool. This meta-model gives the flexibility in understanding and analysing the application before hand.
A Parsing Model Based on Ordered Tree Inclusion Matching
Authors: Xiao Yang, Jiancheng Wan, Fang Tan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 03 (2007)

In order to integrate the context and linguistic information into the parsing model in a holistic and strict way, and to describe the complex structure more precisely, a parsing model is proposed to visually take the above information into account. Considering that the functional words and the words with special usage can have a profound impact on the syntactic structure, some patterns are built especially for them, and the probabilities of patterns are pre-computed and stored. The matching between partial parse and pattern is based on the ordered tree inclusion, and the probability of parse tree is computed on the basis of the matched patterns. It is plausible to match and retrieve the probability from the pattern bank for there are many algorithms with linear space and time spent for ordered tree inclusion problem. The method can provide a vivid, strict and somewhat fuzzy restriction for the complex structures modeling.
An Angle QIM Watermarking Algorithm Based on Watson Perceptual Model
Authors: Chuanbo Chen, Xueli Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (2007)

In this paper, a new angle quantization index modulation (Angle QIM) watermarking algorithm is proposed. Instead of embedding information by quantizing the amplitude of pixel values, Angle QIM works by quantizing the angle formed by the host-signal vector. The proposed method is based on modifying the low-mid frequency DCT coefficients imperceptibly to quantizing the angle formed by the host-signal vector. During the modulation, a theorem deduced from Watson's perceptual model is employed to restrict the modified magnitude of coefficients. Experimental results indicate that the presented watermarking method performs well in both security and robustness.
Minimizing expected energy consumption in real-time systems through dynamic voltage scaling
Authors: Ruibin Xu, Daniel Mossé, Rami Melhem
Venue: ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) (2007)

Many real-time systems, such as battery-operated embedded devices, are energy constrained. A common problem for these systems is how to reduce energy consumption in the system as much as possible while still meeting the deadlines; a commonly used power management mechanism by these systems is dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). Usually, the workloads executed by these systems are variable and, more often than not, unpredictable. Because of the unpredictability of the workloads, one cannot guarantee to minimize the energy consumption in the system. However, if the variability of the workloads can be captured by the probability distribution of the computational requirement of each task in the system, it is possible to achieve the goal of minimizing the expected energy consumption in the system. In this paper, we investigate DVS schemes that aim at minimizing expected energy consumption for frame-based hard real-time systems. Our investigation considers various DVS strategies (i.e., intra-task DVS, inter-task DVS, and hybrid DVS) and both an ideal system model (i.e., assuming unrestricted continuous frequency, well-defined power-frequency relation, and no speed change overhead) and a realistic system model (i.e., the processor provides a set of discrete speeds, no assumption is made on power-frequency relation, and speed change overhead is considered). The highlights of the investigation are two practical DVS schemes: Practical PACE (PPACE) for a single task and Practical Inter-Task DVS (PITDVS2) for general frame-based systems. Evaluation results show that our proposed schemes outperform and achieve significant energy savings over existing schemes.
Show Me: Automatic Presentation for Visual Analysis
Authors: Jock Mackinlay, Pat Hanrahan, Chris Stolte
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2007)

This paper describes Show Me, an integrated set of user interface commands and defaults that incorporate automatic presentation into a commercial visual analysis system called Tableau. A key aspect of Tableau is VizQL, a language for specifying views, which is used by Show Me to extend automatic presentation to the generation of tables of views (commonly called small multiple displays).A key research issue for the commercial application of automatic presentation is the user experience, which must support the flow of visual analysis. User experience has not been the focus of previous research on automatic presentation. The Show Me user experience includes the automatic selection of mark types, a command to add a single field to a view, and a pair of commands to build views for multiple fields. Although the use of these defaults and commands is optional, user interface logs indicate that Show Me is used by commercial users.