ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Real-time and secure wireless health monitoring
Authors: S. Daǧtas, G. Pekhteryev, Z. Sahinoǧlu, H. Çam, N. Challa
Venue: International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications (2008)

We present a framework for a wireless health monitoring system using wireless networks such as ZigBee. Vital signals are collected and processed using a 3-tiered architecture. The first stage is the mobile device carried on the body that runs a number of wired and wireless probes. This device is also designed to perform some basic processing such as the heart rate and fatal failure detection. At the second stage, further processing is performed by a local server using the raw data transmitted by the mobile device continuously. The raw data is also stored at this server. The processed data as well as the analysis results are then transmitted to the service provider center for diagnostic reviews as well as storage. The main advantages of the proposed framework are (1) the ability to detect signals wirelessly within a body sensor network (BSN), (2) low-power and reliable data transmission through ZigBee network nodes, (3) secure transmission of medical data over BSN, (4) efficient channel allocation for medical data transmission over wireless networks, and (5) optimized analysis of data using an adaptive architecture that maximizes the utility of processing and computational capacity at each platform.
Efficient mining of temporal emerging itemsets from data streams
Authors: Chun-Jung Chu, Vincent S. Tseng, Tyne Liang
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new method, namely EFI-Mine, for mining temporal emerging frequent itemsets from data streams efficiently and effectively. The temporal emerging frequent itemsets are those that are infrequent in the current time window of data stream but have high potential to become frequent in the subsequent time windows. Discovery of emerging frequent itemsets is an important process for mining interesting patterns like association rules from data streams. The novel contribution of EFI-Mine is that it can effectively identify the potential emerging itemsets such that the execution time can be reduced substantially in mining all frequent itemsets in data streams. This meets the critical requirements of time and space efficiency for mining data streams. The experimental results show that EFI-Mine can find the emerging frequent itemsets with high precision under different experimental conditions and it performs scalable in terms of execution time.
Agricultural applications of a low-cost infrared thermometer
Authors: James R. Mahan, Kathleen M. Yeater
Venue: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (2008)

Plant canopy temperature is used in many studies of plant/environment interactions and non-contact measurement is often made with radiometric surface thermometers commonly referred to as infrared thermometers. Industrial-quality infrared thermocouples are widely available and often used in agricultural research. While research on canopy temperature has provided management tools for production agriculture, the high cost of the industrial-quality infrared thermocouples has limited their adoption and use in production agriculture settings. Our objective was to evaluate a low-cost consumer-quality infrared thermocouple as a component of a wireless thermal monitoring system designed for use in a production agriculture setting. The performances of industrial-quality and low-cost consumer-quality sensors were compared under controlled constant temperature and under field conditions using both grass and cotton canopies. Results demonstrate that under controlled constant-temperature the two types of infrared thermocouples were ''significantly the same'' at 10^oC, 20^oC and 30^oC and ''significantly not the same'' at 40^oC and 50^oC. Across the temperature range tested, the consumer-quality infrared thermocouples temperature reading was closer to the thermocouple reading than the industrial-quality infrared thermocouples. A field comparison of industrial-quality and consumer-quality infrared thermocouple sensors monitoring a grass canopy and a cotton canopy indicated that the two types of sensors were similar over a 13-35^oC range. The measurement of temperature made with two types of sensors would not differ significantly. Based on these results we conclude that the lower-cost consumer-quality infrared thermometers are suitable for use in production agricultural applications.
Securing information flow via dynamic capture of dependencies
Authors: Paritosh Shroff, Scott F. Smith, Mark Thober
Venue: Journal of Computer Security (2008)

Although static systems for information flow security are well studied, few works address runtime information flow monitoring. Runtime information flow control offers distinct advantages in precision and in the ability to support dynamically defined policies. To this end, we here develop a new runtime information flow system based on the runtime tracking of indirect dependencies between program points. Our system tracks both direct and indirect information flows, and noninterference results are proved.
Estuarine shoreline change detection using Japanese ALOS PALSAR HH and JERS-1 L-HH SAR data in the Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds, North Carolina, USA
Authors: Yong Wang, Thomas R. Allen
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

An edge extraction model has been developed that uses multitemporal satellite synthetic aperture radar data to delineate shorelines in estuaries. Using Japanese ALOS PALSAR HH data acquired in December 2006 and JERS-1 L-HH SAR data in December 1994, we mapped shorelines of the outer Pamlico Peninsula, Dare County, North Carolina, USA, spanning 12 years. To assess the validity and accuracy of the delineation, we compared (a) 1994 shorelines versus those derived from the 1993 digital orthophotographs, and (b) 2006 shorelines versus field data collected in February 2007. With promising results, we then analysed and quantified the shoreline changes between 1994 and 2006 on the north, east, and south sides of the Peninsula. Virtually no discernible changes on the north and south sides were found. However, significant landward migration in the middle to southern portion on the east shore was observed. Spatial retreat of shorelines varied greatly, with the maximum rate averaged over a span of 12 years exceeding 11 m year-1. The results support further monitoring of shorelines in estuaries using active remote sensing and the potential for the methodology developed to identify erosional hotspots.
Real-World Concurrency
Authors: Bryan Cantrill, Jeff Bonwick
Venue: Queue (2008)

In this look at how concurrency affects practitioners in the real world, Cantrill and Bonwick argue that much of the anxiety over concurrency is unwarranted. Most developers who build typical MVC systems can leverage parallelism by combining pieces of already concurrent software such as database and operating systems (i.e., concurrency through architecture), rather than by writing multithreaded code themselves. And for those who actually must deal with threads and locks, the authors include a helpful list of best practices to help minimize the pain.
Thinning akamai
Authors: Ao-Jan Su, Aleksandar Kuzmanovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement (2008)

Global-scale Content Distribution Networks (CDNs), such as Akamai, distribute thousands of servers worldwide providing a highly reliable service to their customers. Not only has reliability been one of the main design goals for such systems - they are engineered to operate under severe and constantly changing number of server failures occurring at all times. Consequently, in addition to being resilient to component or network outages, CDNs are inherently considered resilient to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks as well. In this paper, we focus on Akamai's (audio and video) streaming service and demonstrate that the current system design is highly vulnerable to intentional service degradations. We show that (i) the discrepancy among streaming flows' lifetimes and DNS redirection timescales, (ii) the lack of isolation among customers and services, (e.g., video on demand vs. live streaming), (iii) a highly transparent system design, (iv) a strong bias in the stream popularity, and (v) minimal clients' tolerance for low-quality viewing experiences, are all factors that make intentional service degradations highly feasible. We demonstrate that it is possible to impact arbitrary customers' streams in arbitrary network regions: not only by targeting appropriate points at the streaming network's edge, but by effectively provoking resource bottlenecks at a much higher level in Akamai's multicast hierarchy. We provide countermeasures to help avoid such vulnerabilities and discuss how lessons learned from this research could be applied to improve DoS-resiliency of large-scale distributed and networked systems in general.
A New Approach to Emotion Assessment Based on Biometric Data
Authors: Jorge Teixeira, Vasco Vinhas, Eugénio Oliveira, Luís Paulo Reis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 03 (2008)

Several knowledge areas such as psychology, medicine and computer science have been devoting serious efforts regarding emotional state definition, identification and assessment. This project consists in an automatic emotion assessment tool based on biometric data acquisition supported by low-budget biometric devices as a electroencephalograph and a galvanic skin response. The classification is grounded on data analysis and processing of standard emotional induction methods. The numerous conducted experimental sessions,alongside with the developed support tools, allowed the extraction of conclusions such as the capability of effectively performing automatic classification of the subject’s predominant emotional state. The developed tool's success rate, validated against self assessment interviews, was approximately 75%. It was also experimentally concluded that female subjects are emotionally more active and easily induced than males.
Improvement of postal mail sorting system
Authors: Djamel Gaceb, V&#x00e9;ronique Eglin, Frank Lebourgeois, Hubert Emptoz
Venue: International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (2008)

An efficient mail sorting system is mainly based on an accurate optical recognition of the addresses on the envelopes. However, the localizing of the address block (ABL) should be done before the OCR recognition process. The location step is very crucial as it has a great impact on the global performance of the system. Consequently a good localizing step leads to a better recognition rate. The limits of current methods are mainly caused by modular linear architectures used for ABL and the lack of cooperation between modules: their performances greatly depend on each independent module performance. We are presenting in this paper a new approach for ABL based on a pyramidal data organization and on a hierarchical graph coloring for classification process. This new approach presents the advantage to guarantee a good coherence between different modules and it also reduces both the computation time and the rejection rate. The proposed method gives a very satisfying rate of 98% of good locations on a set of 750 envelope images.
On a method for improving impulsive sounds localization in hearing defenders
Authors: Benny Sällberg, Farook Sattar, Ingvar Claesson
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing (2008)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for a directional aid with hearing defenders. Users of existing hearing defenders experience distorted information, or in worst cases, directional information may not be perceived at all. The users of these hearing defenders may therefore be exposed to serious safety risks. The proposed algorithm improves the directional information for the users of hearing defenders by enhancing impulsive sounds using interaural level difference (ILD). This ILD enhancement is achieved by incorporating a new gain function. Illustrative examples and performance measures are presented to highlight the promising results. By improving the directional information for active hearing defenders, the new method is found to serve as an advanced directional aid.
A genetic programming framework for content-based image retrieval
Authors: Ricardo da S. Torres, Alexandre X. Falcão, Marcos A. Gonçalves, João P. Papa, Baoping Zhang, Weiguo Fan, Edward A. Fox
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2009)

The effectiveness of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems can be improved by combining image features or by weighting image similarities, as computed from multiple feature vectors. However, feature combination do not make sense always and the combined similarity function can be more complex than weight-based functions to better satisfy the users' expectations. We address this problem by presenting a Genetic Programming framework to the design of combined similarity functions. Our method allows nonlinear combination of image similarities and is validated through several experiments, where the images are retrieved based on the shape of their objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the GP framework is suitable for the design of effective combinations functions.
Generation of concurrency control code using discrete-event systems theory
Authors: Christopher Dragert, Juergen Dingel, Karen Rudie
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering (2008)

The development of controls for the execution of concurrent code is non-trivial. We show how existing discrete-event system (DES) theory can be successfully applied to this problem. From code without concurrency controls and a specification of desired behaviours, concurrency control code is generated. By applying rigorously proven DES theory, we guarantee that the control scheme is nonblocking (and thus free of both deadlock and livelock) and minimally restrictive. Some conflicts between specifications and source can be automatically resolved without introducing new specifications. Moreover, the approach is independent of specific programming or specification languages. Two examples using Java are presented to illustrate the approach. Additional applicable DES results are discussed as future work.
Reachability problems in quaternion matrix and rotation semigroups
Authors: Paul Bell, Igor Potapov
Venue: Information and Computation (2008)

We examine computational problems on quaternion matrix and rotation semigroups. It is shown that in the ultimate case of quaternion matrices, in which multiplication is still associative, most of the decision problems for matrix semigroups are undecidable in dimension two. The geometric interpretation of matrix problems over quaternions is presented in terms of rotation problems for the 2- and 3-sphere. In particular, we show that the reachability of the rotation problem is undecidable on the 3-sphere and other rotation problems can be formulated as matrix problems over complex and hypercomplex numbers.
Interactive visual analysis of time-series microarray data
Authors: Dong Hyun Jeong, Alireza Darvish, Kayvan Najarian, Jing Yang, William Ribarsky
Venue: The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics (2008)

Estimating dynamic regulatory pathways using DNA microarray time-series can provide invaluable information about the dynamic interactions among genes and result in new methods of rational drug design. Even though several purely computational methods have been introduced for DNA pathway analysis, most of these techniques do not provide a fully interactive method to explore and analyze these dynamic interactions in detail, which is necessary to obtain a full understanding. In this paper, we present a unified modeling and visual approach focusing on visual analysis of gene regulatory pathways over time. As a preliminary step in analyzing the gene interactions, the method applies two different techniques, a clustering algorithm and an auto regressive (AR) model. This approach provides a successful prediction of the dynamic pathways involved in the biological process under study. At this level, these pure computational techniques lack the transparency required for analysis and understanding of the gene interactions. To overcome the limitations, we have designed a visual analysis method that applies several visualization techniques, including pixel-based gene representation, animation, and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), in a new way. This visual analysis framework allows the user to quickly and thoroughly search for and find the dynamic interactions among genes, highlight interesting gene information, show the detailed annotations of the selected genes, compare regulatory behaviors for different genes, and support gene sequence analysis for the interesting genes. In order to enhance these analysis capabilities, several methods are enabled, providing a simple graph display, a pixel-based gene visualization technique, and a relation-displaying technique among gene expressions and gene regulatory pathways.
Correctness Criteria for Database Replication: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Vaidė Zuikevičiūtė, Fernando Pedone
Venue: Proceedings of the OTM 2008 Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, GADA, IS, and ODBASE 2008. Part I on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: (2008)

In this paper we investigate correctness criteria for replicated databases from the client's perspective and present their uniform characterization. We further study the effects of different consistency degrees in the context of three middleware-based replication protocols: primary-backup, optimistic update-everywhere and BaseCON, a simple yet fault-tolerant middleware-based replication protocol that takes advantage of workload characterization techniques to increase the parallelism in the system. We present three variants of BaseCON, one for each correctness criterion discussed, and analyze its behavior in case of failures and false suspicions.We have implemented the correctness properties in all three protocols considered and show experimentally that stronger consistency does not necessarily imply worse performance. On the contrary, two of the three replication protocols evaluated show no significant performance divergence under the chosen benchmark while ensuring different consistency criterion.
Towards optimal sampling for flow size estimation
Authors: Paul Tune, Darryl Veitch
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement (2008)

The flow size distribution is a useful metric for traffic modeling and management. It is well known however that its estimation based on sampled data is problematic. Previous work has shown that flow sampling (FS) offers enormous statistical benefits over packet sampling, however it suffers from high resource requirements and is not currently used in routers. In this paper we present Dual Sampling, which can to a large extent provide flow-sampling-like statistical performance for packet-sampling-like computational cost. Our work is grounded in a Fisher information based approach recently used to evaluate a number of sampling schemes, excluding however FS, for TCP flows. We show how to revise and extend the approach to include FS as well as DS and others, and how to make rigorous and fair comparisons. We show how DS significantly outperforms other packet based methods, but also prove that DS is inferior to flow sampling. However, since DS is a two-parameter family of methods which includes FS as a special case, DS can be used to approach flow sampling continuously. We then describe a packet sampling based implementation of DS and analyze its key computational costs to show that router implementation is feasible. Our approach offers insights into many issues, including how the notions of 'flow quality' and 'packet gain' can be used to understand the relative performance of methods, and how the problem of optimal sampling can be formulated. Our work is theoretical with some simulation support and a case study on Internet data.
Denotational Semantics of Call-by-name Normalization in Lambda-mu Calculus
Authors: Vladimir Komendantsky
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

We study normalization in the simply typed lambda-mu calculus, an extension of lambda calculus with control flow operators. Using an enriched version of the Yoneda embedding, we obtain a categorical normal form function for simply typed lambda-mu terms, which gives a special kind of a call-by-name denotational semantics particularly useful for deciding equalities in the lambda-mu calculus.
Model of optimal paths design for GMPLS network and evaluation of solution
Authors: Teruji Sekozawa, Takashi Fukumoto
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS (2008)

We describe an optimal path design for a GMPLS network that employs the Lagrangian relaxation method, which can be used to estimate the lower bounds of a solution to a problem. This feature assists the designer of the problem to consider the accuracy of the solution obtained by the calculation when deciding whether to assign the solution to a real network in critical situations. A formulation of the problem and how to solve it using the Lagrangian relaxation method is described, and the results obtained by a prototype and considerations are shown in this paper.
Can developer-module networks predict failures?
Authors: Martin Pinzger, Nachiappan Nagappan, Brendan Murphy
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering (2008)

Software teams should follow a well defined goal and keep their work focused. Work fragmentation is bad for efficiency and quality. In this paper we empirically investigate the relationship between the fragmentation of developer contributions and the number of post-release failures. Our approach is to represent developer contributions with a developer-module network that we call contribution network. We use network centrality measures to measure the degree of fragmentation of developer contributions. Fragmentation is determined by the centrality of software modules in the contribution network. Our claim is that central software modules are more likely to be failure-prone than modules located in surrounding areas of the network. We analyze this hypothesis by exploring the network centrality of Microsoft Windows Vista binaries using several network centrality measures as well as linear and logistic regression analysis. In particular, we investigate which centrality measures are significant to predict the probability and number of post-release failures. Results of our experiments show that central modules are more failure-prone than modules located in surrounding areas of the network. Results further confirm that number of authors and number of commits are significant predictors for the probability of post-release failures. For predicting the number of post-release failures the closeness centrality measure is most significant.
The development of evaluation indicators for lego multimedia instructional material
Authors: Eric Zhi Feng Liu, Shan Shan Cheng, Chun Hung Lin, Yu Fang Chang, Wen Ting Chen
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Computers (2008)

The robotics education is more and more important, but there is a lack of evaluation indicators for evaluating robotics multimedia instructional material. Therefore, the researchers developed evaluation indicators for robotics multimedia instructional material in this paper. The researchers applied content analysis in the first stage, and then applied Delphi technique and invited 2 robotics teachers and 4 experts of multimedia instructional material designer and 4 users of robotics multimedia instructional material to develop the scale. The well developed scale included 40 evaluative indicators can be classified into 4 factors that are motivation, interface design, content, and feasibility.