ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
One size does not fit all: legal protection for non-copyrightable data
Authors: Hongwei Zhu, Stuart E. Madnick
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2009)

The web has become the largest data repository on the planet. An important factor contributing to its success is its openness and ease of use: anyone can contribute data to, and consume data from, the Web. As Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the Web, said, "the exciting thing is serendipitous reuse of data: one person puts data up there for one thing, and another person uses it another way." Such serendipitous data reuse is extremely valuable. Through reuse, new knowledge can be created, innovation and value-added services become possible. However, there have been efforts to regulate and legally challenge data reuse activities. The European Union (EU) has adopted the Database Directive to restrict unauthorized data extraction and reuse. In the U.S., Congress has considered six bills, all of which failed to pass into law. These legislative activities are summarized in Figure 1; more details are furnished later. The significant uncertainty and the international differences in database legislation have created serious challenges to the "serendipitous reuse of data." The dual purposes of this article, both related to the theme "one size does not fit all," are to: summarize the range of legislation in current use and proposed; and present an economic model for interpreting or recommending policy choices that depend on factors such as cost of database creation and level of database differentiation. As computing professionals continue to develop technologies (such as data extraction, Web mashups, Web services, and various Semantic Web technologies) to make data reuse much easier, it is important for us to understand the legal implications when applying these technologies for data reuse purposes.
Why Are Peers Less Stable in Unpopular P2P Streaming Channels?
Authors: Zimu Liu, Chuan Wu, Baochun Li, Shuqiao Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International IFIP-TC 6 Networking Conference (2009)

In large-scale P2P live streaming systems, it is shown that peers in an unpopular channel often experience worse streaming quality than those in popular channels. In this paper, by analyzing 130 GB worth of traces from a large-scale P2P streaming system, UUSee, we observe that a large number of "unpopular" channels, those with dozens or hundreds of concurrent peers, tend to experience inferior streaming quality. We also notice a short lifespan in these channels, which further exacerbates streaming quality. To derive useful insights towards improving streaming performance, we seek to thoroughly characterize important factors that may cause peer volatility in unpopular channels. Specifically, we conduct a comprehensive statistical analysis on the impact of various factors on peer lifespan, using survival analysis techniques. We found that the initial buffering level, the variance of peer indegree, and the peer joining time all have important effects on the lifespan of peers.
An optimized mobile restaurant recommend system
Authors: Fan Yang, Zhi-Mei Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Automation & information (2009)

With the widely used of the intelligent mobile phones with the GPS, the location-based services has become the a hot issue of mobile communications research. This paper implements a Mobile Location-based Restaurant Navigation and Recommend System. In order to improve server-side response speed for real-time query, we propose a memory pool model, the expansion Accept command, no-data client polling and interrupt mechanism, which aims to greatly optimize the server-side control procedures. On the client side, we combine the latest Web2.0 application data with the location-based data, and propose a collaborative assessment and recommend mechanisms, which can provide users with real-time location-based restaurant and recommend personalized navigation.
Minimizing AND-EXOR Expressions for Multiple-Valued Two-Input Logic Functions
Authors: Takaaki Mizuki, Hitoshi Tsubata, Takao Nishizeki
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Conference on Theory and Applications of Models of Computation (2009)

A minimum ESOP (Exclusive-OR Sum-of-Products) form of a logic function f is an AND-EXOR 2-level expression of f having the minimum number of product terms. In the paper we deal with multiple-valued 2-input logic functions f, and give an algorithm to find a minimum ESOP form of a given function f in polynomial time.
Timbre music and the birth of new cult-sound
Authors: Juraj Ruttkay
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Acoustics & music: theory & applications (2009)

The article deals with selected ambits from the theory of timbre /sonoristic/ music. The Timbre Music is one of the most important expressions of music culture of 20th century as well as a signal of new qualitative musical-expressing means which started to be focused on the sound and timber /sonicity/. The author distinguishes two basic streams of Timbre Music - French Timbre Music and Polish Sonorism. He intereprets basic theoretical sources of Timbre Music.
Steady state modelling of induction motor operating with unbalanced supply system
Authors: Kanwarjit Singh Sandhu, Vineet Chaudhary
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems (2009)

Three phase supply system is found to be quite balanced in both magnitude and displacement at the generation levels but it is not so at distribution end. Voltage unbalance which is a common and global phenomenon is found to be very effective in deteriorating the performance of electrical apparatus at user end. Such environment badly affects the performance of induction motors, an important class of electric machines which is widely used in industrial. Present paper is an attempt to tackle such operations with specific recommendations & proposals. Symmetrical component approach is adopted to estimate the performance of a three-phase induction motor operating with unbalanced supply system. Further MATLAB/SIMULINK & PSIM environments have been used simultaneously for simulation purpose. A new approach is proposed to rerate the motor operating with voltage unbalance.
An Improvement of Herbrand's theorem and its application to model generation theorem proving
Authors: Yu-Yan Chao, Li-Feng He, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Zheng-Hao Shi, Kenji Suzuki, Hidenori Itoh
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2007)

This paper presents an improvement of Herbrand's theorem. We propose a method for specifying a subuniverse of the Herbrand universe of a clause set S for each argument of predicate symbols and function symbols in S. We prove that a clause set S is unsatisfiable if and only if there is a finite unsatisfiable set of ground instances of clauses of S that are derived by only instantiating each variable, which appears as an argument of predicate symbols or function symbols, in S over its corresponding argument's sub-universe of the Herbrand universe of S. Because such sub-universes are usually smaller (sometimes considerably) than the Herbrand universe of S, the number of ground instances may decrease considerably in many cases. We present an algorithm for automatically deriving the sub-universes for arguments in a given clause set, and show the correctness of our improvement. Moreover, we introduce an application of our approach to model generation theorem proving for non-range-restricted problems, show the range-restriction transformation algorithm based on our improvement and provide examples on benchmark problems to demonstrate the power of our approach.
Enhancing Learning Objects with an Ontology-Based Memory
Authors: Amal Zouaq, Roger Nkambou
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2009)

The reusability in learning objects has always been a hot issue. However, we believe that current approaches to e-Learning failed to find a satisfying answer to this concern. This paper presents an approach that enables capitalization of existing learning resources by first creating "content metadata” through text mining and natural language processing and second by creating dynamically learning knowledge objects, i.e., active, adaptable, reusable, and independent learning objects. The proposed model also suggests integrating explicitly instructional theories in an on-the-fly composition process of learning objects. Semantic Web technologies are used to satisfy such an objective by creating an ontology-based organizational memory able to act as a knowledge base for multiple training environments.
Users' views of facial expressions and body gestures in e-learning interfaces: an empirical evaluation
Authors: Marwan Alseid, Dimitrios Rigas
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS International Conference on Software engineering, parallel and distributed systems (2009)

This paper introduces an experimental study performed to investigate the usability aspects of e-learning interfaces that incorporate the use of avatar as a virtual lecturer. A within-subject experiment has been conducted using three different e-learning interfaces which were developed from scratch and tested by a group of 48 users. Each of these three interfaces involved the use of a human-like avatar as a virtual lecturer to present one of three different lessons about class diagram notation usually used in the software engineering process. The scope of this paper is to report and discuss the experimental results related to users' satisfaction and views in regard to a set of facial expressions and body gestures when used by a virtual lecturer in the presence and absence of interactive context in e-learning interfaces. These results highlighted that some facial expressions as well as some body gestures were perceived by the users more positively than other expressions and gestures. Consequently, it could be used to improve the attractiveness of virtual lecturers which in turn will be reflected in increasing users' motivation and interest about the presented learning material.
Using Workflow Medleys to Streamline Exploratory Tasks
Authors: Emanuele Santos, David Koop, Huy T. Vo, Erik W. Anderson, Juliana Freire, Cláudio Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2009)

To analyze and understand the growing wealth of scientific data, complex workflows need to be assembled, often requiring the combination of loosely-coupled resources, specialized libraries, distributed computing infrastructure, and Web services. However, constructing these workflows is a non-trivial task, especially for users who do not have programming expertise. This problem is compounded for exploratory tasks, where the workflows need to be iteratively refined. In this paper, we introduce workflow medleys, a new approach for manipulating collections of workflows. We propose a workflow manipulation language that includes operations that are common in exploratory tasks and present a visual interface designed for this language. We briefly discuss how medleys have been applied in two (real) applications.
Methodological Review: Health GIS and HIV/AIDS studies: Perspective and retrospective
Authors: Rashmi Kandwal, P. K. Garg, R. D. Garg
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2009)

GIS (Geographic Information System) is a useful tool that aids and assists in health research, health education, planning, monitoring and evaluation of health programmes that are meant to control and eradicate certain life threatening diseases and epidemics. HIV/AIDS is one such epidemic that poses a serious challenge and threatens the overall human welfare. This communication is an attempt to link and understand the health scenario in a GIS context with emphasis on HIV/AIDS. Various GIS based functionalities for health studies and their scope in analyzing and controlling epidemiological diseases are explored. Overall scenario of the spread of HIV/AIDS around the world is presented along with the Indian perspective. Finally, we conclude with the general management problems, issues and challenges related to HIV/AIDS prevailing in India.
Transforms for the motion compensation residual
Authors: Fatih Kamisli, Jae S. Lim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (2009)

The Discrete-Cosine-Transform (DCT) is the most widely used transform in image and video compression. Its use in image compression is often justified by the notion that it is the statistically optimal transform for first-order Markov signals, which have been used to model images. In standard video codecs, the motion-compensation residual (MC-residual) is also compressed with the DCT. The MC-residual may, however, possess different characteristics from an image. Hence, the question that arises is if other transforms can be developed that can perform better on the MC-residual than the DCT. Inspired by recent research on direction-adaptive image transforms, we provide an adaptive auto-covariance characterization for the MC-residual that shows some statistical differences between the MC-residual and the image. Based on this characterization, we propose a set of block transforms. Experimental results indicate that these transforms can improve the compression efficiency of the MC-residual.
Computers: The Life Story of a Technology, 1st edition
Authors: Eric G. Swedin, David L. Ferro
Venue:  (2007)

A great technological and scientific innovation of the last half of the twentieth century, the computer has revolutionized how we organize information, how we communicate with each other, and even the way we think about the human mind. Computers have eased the drudgery of such tasks as calculating sums and clerical work, making them both more bearable and more efficient, whatever the occasional frustration they carry with them. The computer has become a standard fixture in our culture, a necessity for many aspects of business, recreation, and everyday life. In this book, Eric G. Swedin and David L. Ferro offer an accessible short history of this dynamic technology, covering its central themes from ancient times to the present day.
Adapting the right measures for K-means clustering
Authors: Junjie Wu, Hui Xiong, Jian Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2009)

Clustering validation is a long standing challenge in the clustering literature. While many validation measures have been developed for evaluating the performance of clustering algorithms, these measures often provide inconsistent information about the clustering performance and the best suitable measures to use in practice remain unknown. This paper thus fills this crucial void by giving an organized study of 16 external validation measures for K-means clustering. Specifically, we first introduce the importance of measure normalization in the evaluation of the clustering performance on data with imbalanced class distributions. We also provide normalization solutions for several measures. In addition, we summarize the major properties of these external measures. These properties can serve as the guidance for the selection of validation measures in different application scenarios. Finally, we reveal the interrelationships among these external measures. By mathematical transformation, we show that some validation measures are equivalent. Also, some measures have consistent validation performances. Most importantly, we provide a guide line to select the most suitable validation measures for K-means clustering.
Hiring Stars and Their Colleagues: Exploration and Exploitation in Professional Service Firms
Authors: Boris Groysberg, Linda-Eling Lee
Venue: Organization Science (2009)

This paper examines exploration and exploitation in professional service firms by focusing on the individuals who carry out the exploration and exploitation activities. Specifically, we examine the performance of star security analysts who join new firms in exploration versus exploitation roles. We find that stars hired to explore (initiate new activities) experience a short-and long-term performance decline; by contrast, stars who join new firms to exploit (reinforce existing activities) suffer only a short-term drop in performance. Stars hired in exploration roles can preserve some of their performance by moving with a group of colleagues from the originating firm. Investors view the hiring of a star analyst as value-destroying for the hiring firm regardless of whether the firm is hiring to exploit or explore, but the negative reactions are economically more extreme for exploration hires. These findings indicate that, even at the individual level, probabilities of success in exploration activities are lower than in exploitation activities, thereby reinforcing the tendency toward exploitation.
Reduction of doubtful detection of micro-nucleus in human lymphocyte
Authors: Domenico Grimaldi, Francesco Lamonaca
Venue: International Journal of Advanced Media and Communication (2009)

The image correction is proposed by evaluating the Point-Spread Function (PSF) of Wiener's deconvolution for motion blur and Gaussian out of focus alterations. It permits to reduce the number of rejected images for the detection of Micro Nucleuses into lymphocyte images. It operates in conjunction with spatial filters, pointed out to correct bad exposure, Gaussian out of focus and noise. The heavy computation burden suggests to use the Wiener's deconvolution to process the rejected images from spatial filters. To speed-up the correction, the implementation is based on computing distributed service. The criteria to establish the number of PCs is evaluated. This is an expanded version of a paper presented at the 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications, 9 10 May 2008, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Semiconductor nanointerface eigenstate-photoevolution
Authors: E. A. Anagnostakis
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems (2009)

The dynamics of photonic evolution for the eigenstate of a generic semiconductor-nanointerface is studied in terms of its two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) fundamental-sublevel eigenenergy's correlation with respective 2DEG areal density, versus instantaneous cumulative photonic intake. Application of this treatment to the experimental photoresponse of typical modulation - doped optoelectronic nanodevices leads to a realistic tracing of the nanostructure pertinent photodynamics.
A type system for hybrid intensional-imperative programming support in GIPSY
Authors: Serguei A. Mokhov, Joey Paquet, Xin Tong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (2009)

We describe a type system for a platform called the General Intensional Programming System (GIPSY), designed to support intensional programming languages built upon intensional logic and their imperative counter-parts for the intensional execution model. In GIPSY, the type system glues the static and dynamic typing between intensional and imperative languages in its compiler and runtime environments to support the intensional evaluation of expressions written in various dialects of the intensional programming language Lucid. The intensionality makes expressions to explicitly take into the account a multidimensional context of evaluation with the context being a first-class value that serves a number of applications that need the notion of context to proceed. We describe and discuss the properties of such a type system as well as particularities of the design and implementation of it.
Scope: providing awareness of multiple notifications at a glance
Authors: Maarten van Dantzich, Daniel Robbins, Eric Horvitz, Mary Czerwinski
Venue: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces (2002)

We describe the design and functionality of the Scope, a glanceable notification summarizer. The Scope is an information visualization designed to unify notifications and minimize distractions. It allows users to remain aware of notifications from multiple sources of information, including e-mail, instant messaging, information alerts, and appointments. The design employs a circular radar-like screen divided into sectors that group different kinds of notifications. The more urgent a notification is, the more centrally it is placed. Visual emphasis and annotation is used to reveal important properties of notifications. Several natural gestures allow users to zoom in on particular regions and to selectively drill down on items. We present key aspects of the Scope design, review the results of an initial user study, and describe the motivation and outcome of an iteration on the visual design.
Patches: character skinning with local deformation layer
Authors: Jieun Lee, Myung-Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Yoon
Venue: Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (2009)

We present a layered geometric approach to the skinning of character animation. On top of a global shape deformation, B-spline surface patches are attached to various body parts for local control. The patches are directly manipulated so as to generate example local shapes at some important poses. During character animation, the B-spline control points move continuously by kinematically interpolating a set of example patches, and at the same time they can also move dynamically by elastic simulation. The movement of control points changes the shape of a local patch, and consequently skin vertices move according to the patch deformation, finally generating the desired local deformation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by generating natural local details at various poses including muscular effects and elastic deformation. Moreover, dealing with only a small number of control points, the proposed method is very efficient, while generating hundreds to thousands frames per second. Copyright &copy; 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We present a layered geometric approach to the skinning of character animation. On top of a global shape deformation, B-spline surface patches are attached to various body parts for local control. The patches are directly manipulated so as to generate example local shapes at some important poses. During character animation, the B-spline control points move continuously by interpolating a set of example patches kinematically, and at the same time they can also move dynamically by elastic simulation.
Dynamic hardware-based optimization for adaptive array antennas
Authors: Martin Böhner, Hans Holm Frühauf, Gabriella Kókai
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Integrated Intelligent Systems for Engineering Design (2006)

The following chapter describes and discusses the suitability of ant colony optimization (ACO) to an employment with blind adaptation of the directional characteristic of antenna array systems. Due to the special advantage of the ACOs their robustness and high adaptation rate-this very young heuristically optimization strategy allows its application in the field of high radio frequency systems. In order to fulfil the hard real time constraints for beam forming in ranges of few milliseconds a very efficient hardware implementation for a highly parallel distributed logic is proposed in this chapter. The application requirements are given because of the high mobility of wireless subscribers in modern telecommunication networks. Such a dynamic alignment of the directional characteristic of a base-station antenna can be achieved with the help of a hardware based Ant Colony Optimization, by controlling the steerable antenna array system parameters as digital phase shifts and amplitude adjustment. By means of extensive simulations it was confirmed that the suggested ACO fulfils the requirements regarding the highly dynamic changes of the environment. Based on these results a concept is presented to integrate the optimizing procedure as high-parallel digital circuit structure in a customized integrated circuit of a reconfigurable gate array.