ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Joint TOA Estimation and NLOS Identification for UWB Localization Systems
Authors: Abdelmadjid Maali, Abdelaziz Ouldali, Hassane Mimoun, Geneviève Baudoin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new joint time-of-arrival estimation and non-line-of-sight identification approach for ultra-wideband wireless sensor network applications. We use an energy-based time-of-arrival estimation algorithm. The non-line-of-sight detection is based on the direct path to the strongest multipath components ratio of the received signal folded version of the energy-based time-of-arrival estimation algorithm. The non-line-of-sight information is used in the weighted least-squares localization algorithm. The channel models residential LOS and residential NLOS of the standard IEEE802.15.4a are used. Numerical simulations results show that the correct identification of channel models with the proposed approach is better than those based on joint likelihood ratio and the location accuracy obtained by weighted least-squares algorithm using non-line-of-sight information is higher than that obtained by least-square algorithm.
Quantitative Evaluation of Mental Workload by Using Model of Involuntary Eye Movement
Authors: Goro Obinata, Satoru Tokuda, Katsuyuki Fukuda, Hiroto Hamada
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

This study considers a new method to quantify mental workloads (MWL) by using mathematical models for reflex movement of eye. Several mathematical models of reflex movements have been proposed and experimentally verified by physiologists. In those models, some models of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have sufficient accuracy to predict eye movements of individuals. The engagement of brain function to VOR is known in the learning process or in the adaptation process. This leads to the assumption that metal workloads appears in the change of characteristics of VOR. So as to confirm the assumption, we have designed an experimental setup and carried out several experiments. In the experiments, subject's VOR responses have be accurately predicted by the mathematical model which is a dynamical model with the input of head movements and the output of eye movements. The model dynamics have changed while the subject was engaging in a higher cognitive activity. The coherence between the predicted VOR from the identified model of the particular subject and the observed VOR was as high as 0.92 when there was no additional mental demands. However, the changing MWL over five different n-back tasks revealed the clear correlation between the predicted VOR coherences and the MWL demands. This shows that MWL can be objectively quantified by measuring the error between observed VOR responses and the predicted VOR ones from the identified model.
Impact of Human Activities on Red-Crowned Crane Nest-Sites Based on Voronoi Diagram
Authors: Xiwen Qin, Shuqing Zhang, Xiaogang Dong, Hongxing Jiang, Fawen Qian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

Based on the data investigated into Red-crowned Crane nest-sites in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve in 1996 and the period from 2003 to 2007, the characteristics of the spatial distribution of the nest-sites were analyzed, and the topological index (Voronoi Diagram Area) was calculated. The statistics showed that the spatial distribution of Red-crowned Crane nest-sites featured in the form of spatial clustering. The objects include the nest-sites, residential area, national highways and railways in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve in 2006, and then constructed the Voronoi diagrams to analyze their influence each other. The findings indicated that human activities made a great impact on the spatial distribution of nest-sites and played an important role in protecting the habitat of Red-crowned Crane. It constituted an effective tool that combined spatial data to describe and analyse interactions while providing support for decisions makers. Similarly, an objective quantitative analysis provided a rational basis for management decisions incorporating impact on species habitat.
The algebraic degree of semidefinite programming
Authors: Jiawang Nie, Kristian Ranestad, Bernd Sturmfels
Venue: Mathematical Programming: Series A and B (2009)

Given a generic semidefinite program, specified by matrices with rational entries, each coordinate of its optimal solution is an algebraic number. We study the degree of the minimal polynomials of these algebraic numbers. Geometrically, this degree counts the critical points attained by a linear functional on a fixed rank locus in a linear space of symmetric matrices. We determine this degree using methods from complex algebraic geometry, such as projective duality, determinantal varieties, and their Chern classes.
Robust testing in the logistic regression model
Authors: Ana M. Bianco, Elena Martínez
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2009)

We are interested in testing hypotheses that concern the parameter of a logistic regression model. A robust Wald-type test based on a weighted Bianco and Yohai [ Bianco, A.M., Yohai, V.J., 1996. Robust estimation in the logistic regression model. In: H. Rieder (Ed) Robust Statistics, Data Analysis, and Computer Intensive Methods In: Lecture Notes in Statistics, vol. 109, Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 17-34] estimator, as implemented by Croux and Haesbroeck [Croux, C., Haesbroeck, G., 2003. Implementing the Bianco and Yohai estimator for logistic regression. Computational Statististics and Data Analysis 44, 273-295], is proposed. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived. We carry out an empirical study to get a further insight into the stability of the p-value. Finally, a Monte Carlo study is performed to investigate the stability of both the level and the power of the test, for different choices of the weight function.
Aircraft Pose Recognition Using Locally Linear Embedding
Authors: Wenting Yuan, Peng Jia, Luping Wang, Lin Shao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

Locally linear embedding (LLE) is a prevalent manifold learning method in pattern recognition and machine learning. It preserves the intrinsic structure information of data set and has been widely applied to feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. This paper introduces LLE to aircraft pose recognition. The representative motion poses of an aircraft in the air are analyzed. Unfolding results of aircraft images in different poses show LLE has a natural connection to clustering. Moreover, we employ back propagation neural networks and nearest neighbor algorithms to classify the input samples after dimensionality reduction. Computer simulation testifies the efficiency and accuracy of LLE in aircraft pose recognition.
Document engineering: a preferred partner discipline in knowledge management
Authors: Josef Hofer-Alfeis
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering (2009)

After 20 years of investigation and application of Knowledge Management (KM) there are still various views and expectations on it resulting from its trans-disciplinary character. It is a kind of meta-discipline with a lot of partner disciplines, e.g. personnel development, organization, process and quality management, information management, document engineering and communication. The reason is the complex character of knowledge itself, which is defined in KM as the capability for effective action. A major dimension of this capability is naturally the content dimension, i.e. which knowledge area or object-activity-domain is it about, e.g. "document engineering". In any knowledge area the knowledge has three types of carriers: individuals with their experiences, education and inherent capabilities, groups like teams and communities with their compound capabilities based on joint understanding and networked complementary capabilities and finally information, carrying more or less codified and documented knowledge. Across all three knowledge carriers three questions or dimensions of knowledge quality are interesting in any knowledge area, which is important, e.g. for a business: "How deep or profound is it, e.g. the level of expertise of a subject matter expert or a best practice description? " How much is it distributed and inter-connected, e.g. which experts, groups and documents are involved and how?" How is it codified and documented, e.g. the quality of defining, structuring and documenting the content? This is the starting point for KM: it provides adequate processes or instruments to improve or adjust the knowledge quality to the needs, e.g. of a business. But there are already the various partner disciplines of KM active to support, e.g. learning and training, inter-connection by collaboration, information formalizing and distribution - why do we still need KM? The partner disciplines may have profound capabilities in their fields, but they are driving a kind of one-dimensional KM. The full power of KM is to combine their solutions to more powerful multi-dimensional approaches.
Integrating HCI in a Web Accessibility Engineering Approach
Authors: Lourdes Moreno, Paloma Martínez, Belén Ruiz-Mezcua
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services (2009)

The treatment of Web accessibility is not only following the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) to strictly comply with technical aspects. The development processes of web applications are very much centred in the architecture, which are normally very distant to the user. This requires integrating usability and accessibility in software engineering processes incorporating a User-Centered Design (UCD) and Inclusive Design. In this paper, an integration of usability techniques in the whole life cycle of a web application is shown. This work is part of AWA framework (Accessibility for Web Applications) that provides a methodological support for the development of accessible web applications.
Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era
Venue: International MindTrek Conference (2009)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 13th MindTrek Conference and the International Academic Conference MindTrek from September 30th - October 2nd 2009: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era. Academic MindTrek brings together a cross-disciplinary crowd of people in order to investigate current and emerging topics within media in the ubiquitous arena. Business, social, technical and content-related media topics will be discussed this year. The MindTrek Association hosts MindTrek as an annual conference, where the Academic MindTrek conference has been a part this unique set of events comprising competitions, world-famous keynote speakers, plenary sessions, media festivals and workshops, since 1997. The scientific part of the conference is organized in co-operation with ACM SIGMM, and ACM SIGCHI. Conference proceedings will be published in the ACM Digital Library. Selected high quality papers will be selected and published in international journals, as book chapters, or via open access journals.
Extending the reflexion method for consolidating software variants into product lines
Authors: Rainer Koschke, Pierre Frenzel, Andreas P. Breu, Karsten Angstmann
Venue: Software Quality Control (2009)

Software variants emerge from ad-hoc copying in-the-large with adaptations to a specific context. As the number of variants increases, maintaining such software variants becomes more and more difficult and expensive. In contrast to such ad-hoc reuse, software product lines offer organized ways of reuse, taking advantage of similarities of different products. To re-gain control, software variants may be consolidated as organized software product lines. In this paper, we describe a method and supporting tools to compare software variants at the architectural level extending the reflexion method to software variants. Murphy's reflexion method allows one to reconstruct the module view, a static architectural view describing the static components, their interfaces and dependencies and their grouping as layers and subsystems. The method consists of the specification of the module view and the mapping of implementation components onto the module view. An automatic analysis determines differences between the module view and its implementation. We extend the reflexion method from single systems to software variants. Because software variants share a very large amount of code, we can expect components of one variant to re-occur in the other variant either identically or at least similarly. We use similarity metrics to determine this type of correspondence among implementation components between two variants. Because the similarity metrics are expensive to compute, we use clone detection techniques to reduce the number of candidate pairs of implementation components for which the similarity is computed. The correspondence is then used to transfer as much as possible of the mapping for the analyzed variants to the next variant to be analyzed. Furthermore, we describe how to unify the individual product architectures into a software product line architecture.
A Control Theory Perspective on Agile Methodology Use and Changing User Requirements
Authors: Likoebe M. Maruping, Viswanath Venkatesh, Ritu Agarwal
Venue: Information Systems Research (2009)

In this paper, we draw on control theory to understand the conditions under which the use of agile practices is most effective in improving software project quality. Although agile development methodologies offer the potential of improving software development outcomes, limited research has examined how project managers can structure the software development environment to maximize the benefits of agile methodology use during a project. As a result, project managers have little guidance on how to manage teams who are using agile methodologies. Arguing that the most effective control modes are those that provide teams with autonomy in determining the methods for achieving project objectives, we propose hypotheses related to the interaction between control modes, agile methodology use, and requirements change. We test the model in a field study of 862 software developers in 110 teams. The model explains substantial variance in four objective measures of project quality---bug severity, component complexity, coordinative complexity, and dynamic complexity. Results largely support our hypotheses, highlighting the interplay between project control, agile methodology use, and requirements change. The findings contribute to extant literature by integrating control theory into the growing literature on agile methodology use and by identifying specific contingencies affecting the efficacy of different control modes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our results.
Efficient discovery of join plans in schemaless data
Authors: Aybar C. Acar, Amihai Motro
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium (2009)

We describe a method of inferring join plans for a set of relation instances, in the absence of any metadata, such as attribute domains, attribute names, or constraints (e.g., keys or foreign keys). Our method enumerates the possible join plans in order of likelihood, based on the compatibility of a pair of columns and their suitability as join attributes (i.e. their appropriateness as keys). We outline two variants of the approach. The first variant is accurate but potentially time-consuming, especially for large relations that do not fit in memory. The second variant is an approximation of the former and hence less accurate, but is considerably more efficient, allowing the method to be used online, even for large relations. We provide experimental results showing how both forms scale in terms of performance as the number of candidate join attributes and the size of the relations increase. We also characterize the accuracy of the approximate variant with respect to the exact variant.
Research on Bluetooth-Based User Identity Sensing and Facial Orientation Estimation Applied to Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Yong, Shang Haitao, He Jian, Huang Zhangqin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 First International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications (2009)

The goal of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is to design and realize the brand-new intelligent, personalized and connective systems or services. According to the requirement of natural HCIfor Ambient Intelligence, a user identity sensing technique and a facial orientation estimation method are provided for personalized service. To make ambient intelligence system sense users in or out and identity as soon as possible, an approach based on bluetooth ad hoc network with Ethernet is proposed. The identifying strategy and architecture of bluetooth sensor and bluetooth adapter are designed and the details of key technique are also depicted. Otherwise, a method based on wavelet analysis technique is adopted to estimate the user's basic face orientation for the aim of personalized automatically driving the video projector to rotate toward the same direction. The study described here is likely to be used in intelligent environment.
Design and Implementation of a Java Fault Injector for Exhaustif® SWIFI Tool
Authors: Antonio Da Silva, Alberto Gonzalez-Calero, José Fernán Martinez, Lourdes Lopez, Ana Belen Garcia, Vicente Hernandez
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Fourth International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems (2009)

Java is a successful programming environment and its use has grown from little embedded applications until enterprise network servers based on J2EE. This intensive use of Java demands the validation of their fault tolerance mechanisms to avoid unexpected behavior of the applications at runtime. This paper describes the design and implementation of a fault injector for the “Exhaustif®” SWIFI tool. A specific fault model for java applications that include class corruption/substitution at loading time, method call interception and unexpected exception thrown is proposed. The injector uses the JVMTI (Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface) to perform bytecode instrumentation at runtime to carry out the fault model previously defined. Finally a XML formalization of the specific Java fault model is proposed. This approach, JVMTI + XML fault model description, provides complete independency between the system under test and the fault injection tool, as well the interoperability with another SWIFI tools.
An analysis of knowledge collected from volunteer contributors
Authors: Timothy Chklovski, Yolanda Gil
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2 (2005)

A new generation of intelligent applications can be enabled by broad-coverage repositories of knowledge. One emerging approach to constructing such repositories is proactive knowledge collection from large numbers of volunteer contributors. In this paper, we study the coverage and quality of a representative collection of part-of infonnation contributed by volunteers. We analyze growth of coverage over time, redundancy of the collected knowledge, and the effect of the coverage and redundancy on the quality of the collection. We also present initial comparisons with collections created by ontology engineering and text extraction approaches. Our analysis reveals that redundancy of contribution helps identify high quality statements, but that some of the statements also have overly high redundancy, drawing contributor effort away from areas where they are needed more. We suggest possible ways to address these issues in future collection efforts.
A String Measure with Symbols Generation: String Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Luis Fernando Mingo López, Nuria Gómez Blas, Miguel Angel Díaz
Venue: Advances in Neuro-Information Processing: 15th International Conference, ICONIP 2008, Auckland, New Zealand, November 25-28, 2008, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (2009)

T. Kohonen and P. Somervuo have shown that self organizing maps (SOMs) are not restricted to numerical data. This paper proposes a symbolic measure that is used to implement a string self organizing map based on SOM algorithm. Such measure between two strings is a new string. Computation over strings is performed using a priority relationship among symbols, in this case, symbolic measure is able to generate new symbols. A complementary operation is defined in order to apply such measure to DNA strands. Finally, an algorithm is proposed in order to be able to implement a string self organizing map. This paper discusses the possibility of defining neural networks to rely on similarity instead of distance and shows examples of such networks for symbol strings.
Bidding on Configurations in Internet Ad Auctions
Authors: S. Muthukrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Computing and Combinatorics (2009)

In Internet advertising, a configuration of ads is determined by the seller, and advertisers buy spaces in the configuration. In this paper, motivated by sponsored search ads, we propose an auction where advertisers directly bid and determine the eventual configuration.
Temporal Statistic Based Video Watermarking Scheme Robust against Geometric Attacks and Frame Dropping
Authors: Chong Chen, Jiangqun Ni, Jiwu Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking (2009)

Robustness against geometric attacks is still considered to be one of the major challenging issues in the development of watermarking algorithm, especially for video watermarking. This paper presents a multi-bit video watermarking scheme resilient to geometric attacks and frame dropping by utilizing the geometric invariant sequence generated from the average dc energy of the input video and the temporal statistic described by its histogram. Firstly, the average dc energy of frame is introduced and three of its geometric invariance natures, i.e. rotation, scaling and translation, are proved. Then the watermarks are embedded into the histogram of average dc energy sequence of video frame. The embedding strategy is implemented by reassigning the populations in groups of two consecutive bins in the histogram. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme achieves satisfactory performances against geometric and common signal processing attacks, and intense frame dropping and averaging.
Optimal Online Data Sampling or How to Hire the Best Secretaries
Authors: Yogesh Girdhar, Gregory Dudek
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Canadian Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (2009)

The problem of online sampling of data, can be seen as a generalization of the classical secretary problem. The goal is to maximize the probability of picking the k highest scoring samples in our data, making the decision to select or reject a sample on-line. We present a new and simple on-line algorithm to optimally make this selection. We then apply this algorithm to a sequence of images taken by a mobile robot, with the goal of identifying the most interesting and informative images.