ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Grid Security Services Simulator (G3S) — A Simulation Tool for the Design and Analysis of Grid Security Solutions
Authors: Syed Naqvi, Michel Riguidel
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2005)

Security services are one of the most desirable characteristics of the computational grids. Nowadays the swelling number of applications and consequent increase in the amount of critical data over the grids have considerably raised the stakes for an efficient security architecture. Establishing security solutions for computational grid remains in its initial stages, as there are a number of impediments in the way of successful implementation of these security designs on a real grid. Absence of suitable mechanism to simulate the various functionalities of grid security models is a major concern for security designers. A reliable simulator for the grid security services is indispensable so that the grid security solutions can be adequately tested before their implementation on a real grid. The available range of grid simulators does not provide any support for the security functions. This vacuity has overwhelmingly motivated us to develop the Grid Security Services Simulator (G3S).
From the editors
Authors: Wynne W. Chin, Dorothy Leidner
Venue: ACM SIGMIS Database (2005)

Welcome to the last issue for this year. It was exactly a year ago that we devoted an entire issue to present a rather comprehensive survey of IS Outsourcing. Needless to say, we felt that a set of new papers would be a good follow-up and therefore present three studies as part of a special IS outsourcing section for this issue.The first paper by Aubert, Patry, and Rivard provide a useful framework that practitioners and researcher alike can use when dealing with the uncertainty inherent in IT outsourcing. They combine ideas from Transaction Cost Theory and Agency Theory along with other factors to produce a framework to understand types of risks potentially associated with an outsourcing project and mechanisms or strategies for risk management.The second paper by Marcolin and Ross brings in the notion of equifinality to the IS sourcing process - that being there are many equally viable routes to developing an IS capability. Eschewing the notion of a single "right" sourcing decision, the authors present an IS-Business Partnering framework that demonstrates the multiplicity of options that may be viable.Finally, Goles and Chin attempt to disentangle the multidimensional nature of an outsourcing relationship. Using Relational Exchange theory as the backdrop, the authors developed a parsimonious set of items that future researchers may find helpful for assessing either process factors (i.e., communication, conflict resolution, coordination, cooperation, and integration or attributes (i.e., commitment, consensus, cultural compatibility, flexibility, trust, and interdependence) of an outsourcing relationship.In addition to our outsourcing section, the last paper by Im and Baskerville provide an interesting revisit of information security threats. In a replication of a study 12 years ago, they found that while the frequency of various threats have remained relatively stable, risks due to human error seems to be increasing. In turn, the authors introduce a more detailed taxonomy that considers whether the human error was skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based. Enjoy.
Electrical properties of high-k HfO2 films on Si1-xGex substrates
Authors: Tae Joo Park, Seong Keun Kim, Jeong Hwan Kim, Jaehoo Park, Moonju Cho, Suk Woo Lee, Sug Hun Hong, Cheol Seong Hwang
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

The electrical and structural properties of HfO2 films on Si1-xGex substrates with various Ge concentrations (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were investigated. The behavior of Ge in the interfacial layer (IL) and its effects on the electrical and structural properties after post-annealing were studied in detail. The Ge of the substrate degrades the interracial properties by interfacial reaction during HfO2 ALD. It also plays an important role in reducing the capacitance equivalent thickness and hysteresis after post-annealing. The improvements in the electrical properties originated from IL thinning due to a drive-out of Ge from the IL and the increase in permittivity of the HfO2 layer due to Hf-Ge-oxide formation.
Long-Term Workload Phases: Duration Predictions and Applications to DVFS
Authors: Canturk Isci, Alper Buyuktosunoglu, Margaret Martonosi
Venue: IEEE Micro (2005)

Computer systems increasingly rely on adaptive dynamic management of their operations to balance power and performance goals. Such dynamic adjustments rely heavily on the system's ability to observe and predict workload behavior and system responses. The authors characterize the workload behavior of full benchmarks running on server-class systems using hardware performance counters. Based on these characterizations, they developed a set of long-term value, gradient, and duration prediction techniques that can help systems to provision resources.
On achieving fairness in the joint allocation of processing and bandwidth resources: principles and algorithms
Authors: Yunkai Zhou, Harish Sethu
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2005)

The problem of achieving fairness in the allocation of the bandwidth resource on a link shared by multiple flows of traffic has been extensively researched over the last decade. However, with the increasing pervasiveness of optical networking and the occasional trend toward using over-provisioning as the solution to bandwidth congestion, a router's processor also becomes a critical resource to which, ideally speaking, all competing flows should have fair access. For example, achieving fairness in the allocation of processing resources can be part of an overall strategy of countering certain kinds of denial of service attacks (such as those based on an excessive use of the router processor by using unnecessary optional headers). In this paper, we investigate the issue of achieving fairness in the joint allocation of the processing and bandwidth resources. We first present a simple but powerful general principle for defining fairness in such systems based on any of the classic notions of fairness such as max-min fairness, proportional fairness, and utility max-min fairness defined for a single resource. We apply our principle to a system with a shared processor and a shared link with max-min fairness as the desired goal. We then propose a practical and provably fair packet-by-packet algorithm for the joint allocation of processing and bandwidth resources. We demonstrate the fairness achieved by our algorithm through simulation results using both synthetic and real gateway traffic traces. The principles and the algorithm detailed in this paper may also be applied in the allocation of other kinds of resources such as power, which is a critical resource in mobile systems.
A Body-mounted Camera System for Capturing User-view Images without Head-mounted Camera
Authors: Hirotake Yamazoe, Akira Utsumi, Kenichi Hosaka
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (2005)

In this paper, we propose a body-mounted system to capture the user's experience as multiple-sensor information. The proposed system consists of three cameras (stereo cameras and one wide-angle camera) and other sensors (a microphone, a GPS (global positioning system), a digital compass, and an acceleration sensor). The stereo cameras are used for capturing the user's head motions, while the wideangle color camera is used for capturing the user's frontal view images. An image region approximately corresponding to the user's view is then synthesized from the wideangle image based on the estimated human head motions. Other sensors record audio, global position and pose information. These data contain significant information for recording/analyzing human activities and can be used in wider application domains such as a digital diary or interaction analysis. In addition, this system can overcome the disadvantages of head-mounted cameras in terms of the ease of putting on/taking off the device and its less obtrusive visual impact on other persons. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
A robust cell-level crosstalk delay change analysis
Authors: I. Keller, Ken Tseng, N. Verghese
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design (2004)

In This work we present a robust and efficient methodology for crosstalk-induced delay change analysis for ASIC design styles. The approach employs optimization methods to search for worst aggressor alignment, and it computes crosstalk induced delay change on each stage considering an impact on downstream logic. Computational efficiency is achieved using pre-characterized current models for drivers and compact macromodels for interconnect. The proposed methodology has been implemented in a commercial noise analysis tool. Experimental results obtained on industrial designs demonstrate high accuracy and reduced pessimism of the proposed methodology.
A Scalable Dissemination Service for the ISAM Architecture
Authors: Mauricio Moraes, Luciano Da Silva, Alberto Schaeffer Filho, Claudio Geyer, Adenauer Yamin, Iara Augustin
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Computer Architecture on High Performance Computing (2005)

The ISAM architecture presents a platform to the development and to the execution of pervasive applications. DIMI (Disseminador Multicast de Informacoes - Information Multicast Disseminator) is an information dissemination service designed for the ISAM architecture. DIMI seeks mainly to obtain scalability, avoiding bottlenecks formation while accepting new consumers on a channel. Besides the search for scalability, this service outfits other necessary characteristics of the computational environment proposed by the ISAM architecture, as planned disconnection support and user mobility support.
Efficient bdd-based planning for non-deterministic, fault-tolerant, and adversarial domains
Authors: Rune Moller Jensen
Venue:  (2003)

Automated planning considers selecting and sequencing actions in order to change the state of a discrete system from some initial state to some goal state. This problem is fundamental in a wide range of industrial and academic fields including robotics, automation, embedded systems, and operational research. Planning with non-deterministic actions can be used to model dynamic environments and alternative action behavior. One of the currently best known approaches is to employ reduced ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) to represent and generate plans using techniques developed in symbolic model checking. However, the approach is challenged by a frequent blow-up of the BDDs representing the search frontier and a limited number of solution classes. This thesis addresses both of these problems. With respect to the first, it contributes a general framework called state-set branching that seamlessly combines classical heuristic search and BDD-based search. Our experimental results show that the performance of state-set branching often dominates both blind BDD-based search and ordinary heuristic search. In addition, it consistently outperforms any previous approach, we are aware of, to guide a BDD-based search. We show that state-set branching naturally generalizes to non-deterministic planning and introduce heuristically guided versions of the current BDD-based non-deterministic planning algorithms. With respect to the second problem, the thesis introduces two frameworks called fault tolerant planning and adversarial planning . Fault tolerant planning addresses domains where non-determinism is caused by rare errors. The current solution classes handle this situation poorly by taking all fault combinations into account or produce too weak solutions. The thesis contributes a new class of solutions called fault tolerant plans that are robust to a limited number of faults. In addition, it introduces specialized BDD-based algorithms for synthesizing fault tolerant plans. Adversarial planning considers situations where non-determinism is caused by uncontrollable, but known, environment actions. The current solution classes of BDD-based non-deterministic planning assume a &ldquo;friendly&rdquo; environment and may never reach a goal state if the environment is hostile and informed. The thesis contributes efficient BDD-based algorithms for synthesizing winning strategies for such problems.
Cost and Response Time Simulation forWeb-based Applications on Mobile Channels
Authors: Matthias Book, Volker Gruhn, Malte Hulder, Andre Kohler, Andreas Kriegel
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Quality Software (2005)

When considering the addition of a mobile presentation channel to an existing web-based application, a key question that has to be answered even before development begins is how the mobile channel's characteristics will impact the user experience and the cost of using the application. If either of these factors is outside acceptable limits, economical considerations may forbid adding the channels, even if it would be feasible from a purely technical perspective. Both of these factors depend considerably on two metrics: The time required to transmit data over the mobile network, and the volume transmitted. The PETTICOAT method presented in this paper uses the dialog flow model and web server log files of an existing application to identify typical interaction sequences and to compile volume statistics, which are then run through a tool that simulates the volume and time that would be incurred by executing the interaction sequences on a mobile channel. From the simulated volume and time data, we can then calculate the cost of accessing the application on a mobile channel.
User-centered critical parameters for design specification, evaluation, and reuse: modeling goals and effects of notification systems
Authors: Christa M. Chewar
Venue:  (2005)

Responding to the need within the human-computer interaction field to address ubiquitous and multitasking systems more scientifically, this research extends the usefulness of a new research framework for a particular class of systems. Notification systems are interfaces used in a divided-attention, multitasking situation, attempting to deliver current, valued information through a variety of platforms and modes in an efficient and effective manner. Through review of literature and experiences with empirical dual-task perceptual studies, we recognize a lack of unifying framework for understanding, classifying, analyzing, developing, evaluating, and discussing notification systems&mdash;fundamentally inhibiting scientific growth and knowledge reuse that should help designers advance the state-of-the-art. To this end, we developed a framework (referred to as the IRC framework) for notification systems research based on a core taxonomy of critical parameters describing user goals. Next, we extend the framework, focusing on three key aspects: (1) a system description process , allowing articulation of abstract design objectives that focus on critical user requirements; (2) interface usability evaluation tools, enabling comparison of the design and user's models, while supporting generalizability of research and early identification of usability concerns; and (3) design comparison and reuse mechanisms , saving time and effort in requirements analysis and early design stages by enabling design reuse and appreciation of design progress. Results from this research include the development of tools to express IRC design models (IRCspec) and user's models (IRCresults ), and the extension of the critical parameters concept. Validation studies with novice designers show sufficient assessment accuracy and consistency. Leveraging these tools that help designers express abstract, yet critical, design intentions and effects as classification and retrieval indices, we develop a repository for reusable design knowledge (a claims library ). Responding to challenges of design knowledge access that we observed through initial user testing, we introduce a vision for an integrated design environment (LINK-UP) to operationalize the IRC framework and notification systems claims library in a computer-aided design support system. Proof-of-concept testing results encourage the thought that when valuable design tools embody critical parameters and are coupled with readily accessible reusable design knowledge, interface development will improve as a scientific endeavor.
Extraction and analysis of the neurovascular scaffold in multimodal images
Authors: Cemil Kirbas
Venue:  (2005)

Radiological imaging is indispensable to modern neurosurgery and neurology. A range of imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and X-ray angiography (XRA) are applied in clinical practice. Such images provide complementary information about the patient. Effective utilization of these images in clinical environment for diagnosis and after treatment evaluation depends on extraction of salient features, such as stenosis and aneurysm, from these images. The objective of this research is the interactive extraction and analysis of the vascular network from multimodal images. We advance a model of spatial communication founded upon human selective attention. This attentionally-based interaction model, AIM, exploits human interaction as part of the solution. AIM posits two channels of interaction: context (&ldquo;what to look for&rdquo;), and focus-of-attention (&ldquo;where to look&rdquo;) as the locus of spatial information exchange between the user and the machine. In an AIM system, the user specifies a context (e.g. a carotid vessel) and directs the attentional spotlight to focus machine processing. AIM permits us to build systems that require little human effort in routine interpretation and that involves greater human involvement as the image complexity increases. This is especially important in medical imaging where the medical professional must have ultimate control and confidence in the system. Such technology can have significant impact on the design of radiological systems. We have also developed au approach for the extraction of vasculature from both 2D XRA and all MRA images using a wave propagation and traceback mechanism. Using a dual-sigmoidal filter, we label each pixel in the XRA image and each voxel in the MRA volume with the likelihood that it is within a vessel. Representing the reciprocal of this likelihood image as an array of refractive indices, we propagate a digital wave through the image/volume from the base of the vascular tree. This wave &lsquo;washes&rsquo; over the vasculature and extracts the vascular tree, ignoring local noise perturbations. We present an efficient sequential algorithm for the wave propagation and discuss our traceback algorithm. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of our integer image neighborhood-based algorithm and its robustness to image noise.
Evolutionary Design of Arbitrarily Large Sorting Networks Using Development
Authors: Lukáš Sekanina, Michal Bidlo
Venue: Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines (2005)

An evolutionary algorithm is combined with an application-specific developmental scheme in order to evolve efficient arbitrarily large sorting networks. First, a small sorting network (that we call the embryo) has to be prepared to solve the trivial instance of a problem. Then the evolved program (the constructor) is applied on the embryo to create a larger sorting network (solving a larger instance of the problem). Then the same constructor is used to create a new instance of the sorting network from the created larger sorting network and so on. The proposed approach allowed us to rediscover the conventional principle of insertion which is traditionally used for constructing large sorting networks. Furthermore, the principle was improved by means of the evolutionary technique. The evolved sorting networks exhibit a lower implementation cost and delay.
Essential Considerations in Implementing the Smart Antenna System for Downlink Beamforming
Authors: Weon-Cheol Lee, Seungwon Choi, Jae-Moung Kim
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2005)

This paper addresses some essential problems that have to be taken into consideration in implementing the smart antenna base station (SABS) for downlink beamforming. In order to provide proper downlink beamforming as well as uplink beamforming, a pragmatic procedure of automatic calibration is proposed. Through the experimental test, we confirm that the proposed calibration technique has eliminated the problem of the phase differences of the signal path associated with each antenna. Also, in this paper, we first analyze the multipath condition under which the auxiliary pilot becomes indispensable for detecting the data transmitted on the data channel and what happens if the auxiliary pilot is not available. Then, the performance of the downlink beamforming utilizing the auxiliary pilot is analyzed through the computer simulations. Finally, we present a comparison of downlink communications to uplink ones in terms of throughputs available at each of uplink and downlink communications.
Interacting with notations: two examples of the use of a transformation system
Authors: S. Brown, Peter Robinson
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society (2005)

Computers can present data in different ways to fit different tasks and different users&#x2019; experience, abilities and disabilities. Transformation frameworks allow developers and competent end-users to experiment with alternative notations more quickly, and thus discover new presentations appropriate for particular sets of circumstances. This paper illustrates this in two separate contexts: musical notations and interfaces to complex applications software.
Quantifying Locality In The Memory Access Patterns of HPC Applications
Authors: Jonathan Weinberg, Michael O. McCracken, Erich Strohmaier, Allan Snavely
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2005)

Several benchmarks for measuring the memory performance of HPC systems along dimensions of spatial and temporal memory locality have recently been proposed. However, little is understood about the relationships of these benchmarks to real applications and to each other. We propose a methodology for producing architecture-neutral characterizations of the spatial and temporal locality exhibited by the memory access patterns of applications. We demonstrate that the results track intuitive notions of locality on several synthetic and application benchmarks. We employ the methodology to analyze the memory performance components of the HPC Challenge Benchmarks, the Apex-MAP benchmark, and their relationships to each other and other benchmarks and applications. We show that this analysis can be used to both increase understanding of the benchmarks and enhance their usefulness by mapping them, along with applications, to a 2-D space along axes of spatial and temporal locality.