ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning Methods for Local Discontinuous Galerkin Discretizations
Authors: Guido Kanschat
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2003)

A multilevel interior penalty method is used as an efficient preconditioner for the Schur complement of the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) discretization of a Poisson problem. The method is then used in a block-triangular preconditioner of the LDG saddle point system. The block preconditioner is of the same efficiency as the Schur complement version. Finally, the block preconditioner is extended to the discretization of the Stokes problem by the LDG method. Again, the preconditioned saddle point problem can be solved in about as many steps as the Schur complement. The influence of several parameters on the performance of these methods is investigated.
Optimal periodic remapping of dynamic bulk synchronous computations
Authors: Ngo-Tai Fong, Cheng-Zhong Xu, Le Yi Wang
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2003)

Dynamic remapping is critical to the performance of bulk synchronous computations that have non-deterministic behaviors because of the need of barrier synchronization between phases. There are two basic issues in remapping: when and how to remap. This paper presents a formal analysis of the issue of when to remap for dynamic computations with a priori known statistical behaviors, with an objective of finding optimal remapping frequencies for a given tolerance of load imbalance. The problem is formulated as two complement sequential stochastic optimization. Since general optimization techniques tend to reveal stationary properties of the workload process, they are not readily applicable to the analysis of the effect of periodic remapping. Instead, this paper develops new analytical approaches to precisely characterize the transient statistical behaviors of the workload process on both homogeneous and heterogeneous machines. Optimal remapping frequencies are derived for various random workload change processes with known or unknown probabilistic distributions. They are shown accurate via simulations.
An &#x0022;attachment kinetics-based&#x0022; volume of fraction method for organic crystallization: a fluid-dynamic approach to macromolecular-crystal engineering
Authors: Marcello Lappa
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2003)

This analysis exhibits a strong interdisciplinary nature and deals with advances in protein (crystal) engineering models and computational methods as well as with novel results on the relative importance of 'controlling forces' in macromolecular crystal growth. The attention is focused in particular on microgravity fluid-dynamic aspects. From a numerical point of view, the growing crystal gives rise to a moving boundary problem. A 'kinetic-coefficient-based' volume tracking method is specifically and carefully developed according to the complex properties and mechanisms of macromolecular protein crystal growth taking into account the possibility of anisotropic (faceted) surface-orientation-dependent growth. The method is used to shed some light on the interplay of surface attachment kinetics and mass transport (diffusive or convective) in liquid phase and on several mechanisms still poorly understood. It is shown that the size of a growing crystal plays a 'critical role' in the relative importance of surface effects and in determining the intensity of convection. Convective effects, in turn, are found to impact growth rates, macroscopic structures of precipitates, particle size and morphology as well as the mechanisms driving growth. The paper introduces a novel computational method (that simulates the growth due to the slow addition of solute molecules to a lattice and can handle the shape of organic growing crystals under the influence of natural convection) and, at the same time, represents a quite exhaustive attempt to help organic crystal growers to discern the complex interrelations among the various parameters under one's control (that are not independent of one another) and to elaborate rational guidelines relating to physical factors that can influence the probability of success in crystallizing protein substances.
Implementing approximate regularities extended abstract
Authors: Manolis Christodoulakis, Costas S. Iliopoulos, Kunsoo Park, Jeong Seop Sim
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Computational methods in sciences and engineering (2003)

In this paper we study approximate regularities of strings, that is, approximate periods, approximate covers and approximate seeds. We explore their similarities and differences and we implement algorithms for solving the smallest distance approximate period/cover/seed problem and the restricted smallest approximate period/cover/seed problem in polynomial time, under a variety of distance rules (the Hamming distance, the edit distance, and the weighted edit distance). We then analyse our experimental results to find out the time complexity of the algorithms in practice.
An algorithm for high accuracy name pronunciation by parametric speech synthesizer
Authors: Tony Vitale
Venue: Computational Linguistics (1991)

Automatic and accurate pronunciation of personal names by parametric speech synthesizer has become a crucial limitation for applications within the telecommunications industry, since the technology is needed to provide new automated services such as reverse directory assistance (number to name).Within text-to-speech technology, however, it was not possible to offer such functionality. This was due to the inability of a text-to-speech device optimized for a specific language (e.g., American English) to accurately pronounce names that originate from very different language families. That is, a telephone book from virtually any section of the country will contain names from scores of languages as diverse as English and Mandarin, French and Japanese, Irish and Polish. All such non-Anglo-Saxon names have traditionally been mispronounced by a speech synthesizer resulting in gross errors and unintelligible speech.This paper describes how an algorithm for high accuracy name pronunciation was implemented in software based on a combination of cryptanalysis, statistics, and linguistics. The algorithm behind the utility is a two-stage procedure: (1) the decoding of the name to determine its etymological grouping; and (2) specific letter-to-sound rules (both segmental rules as well as stress-assignment rules) that provide the synthesizer parameters with sufficient additional information to accurately pronounce the name as would a typical speaker of American English. Default language and thresholds are settable parameters and are also described. While the complexity of the software is invisible to applications writers as well as users, this functionality now makes possible the automation of highly accurate name pronunciation by parametric speech synthesizer.
A Comparison of Online and Offline Consumer Brand Loyalty
Authors: Peter J. Danaher, Isaac W. Wilson, Robert A. Davis
Venue: Marketing Science (2003)

In this study we compare consumer brand loyalty in online and traditional shopping environments for over 100 brands in 19 grocery product categories. The online purchase data come from a large traditional grocery retailer that also operates an online store for its products. The offline data corresponds to the exact same brands and categories bought in traditional stores by a panel of homes operated by ACNielsen for purchases made in the same city and over the same time period. We compare the observed loyalty with a baseline model, a new segmented Dirichlet model, which has latent classes for brand choice and provides a very accurate model for purchase behavior. The results show that observed brand loyalty for high market share brands bought online is significantly greater than expected, with the reverse result for small share brands. In contrast, in the traditional shopping environment, the difference between observed and predicted brand loyalty is not related to brand share.
Pricing of Information Products on Online Servers: Issues, Models, and Analysis
Authors: Sanjay Jain, P. K. Kannan
Venue: Management Science (2002)

Online information servers that provide access to diverse databases where users can search for, browse through, and download the information they need have been rapidly increasing in number in the past few years. Online vendors have traditionally charged users for information on the based on the length of the time they were connected to the databases. With hardware and software advances, many online servers have recently started changing their pricing strategies to search-based and/or subscription-fee pricing. This paper examines the various issues involved in pricing these information products, and presents an economic approach to analyze conditions under which the various pricing schemes may prove optimal for the online servers. Our results show that the variation in consumer expertise and valuation of information affects the choice of a pricing strategy by the server. We present general conditions under which subscription-fee pricing is optimal even when consumer demand is inelastic. We also find that, given the cost structures characterizing the market, undifferentiated online servers can compete and coexist in the market each making positive profits. We show that in a competitive setting an increase in costs of online servers can sometimes benefit them by enabling them to differentiate themselves. Our results offer insights into the trends in pricing strategies and may provide an explanation as to why many servers may persist with connect-time strategies.
Use of neural networks in the condition monitoring of ground anchorages
Authors: A. Starkey, A. Ivanovic, R. D. Neilson, A. A. Rodger
Venue: Advances in Engineering Software (2003)

The GRANIT system is a non-destructive integrity testing method for ground anchorages. It has won two major UK Awards--the Design Council Millennium Product Status in 1999 and the John Logie Baird Award in 1997. It makes use of novel artificial intelligence techniques in order to learn the complicated relationship that exists between an anchorage and its frequency response to an impulse. The GRANIT system has a worldwide patent and is currently licensed to AMEC plc.It is widely recognised that non-destructive testing methods for ground anchorages need to be developed as a high priority [A National Agenda for Long-term and Fundamental Research for Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom (1992)], with only between 1 and 5% of anchorages currently being monitored in service [British Standard Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages (8081) (1989)] using currently available techniques. The GRANIT system is a solution for this requirement, and this paper describes how the use of artificial intelligence techniques enabled, for the first time, the cross-anchorage diagnosis of ground anchorages, where data taken from one anchorage was used to train a neural network, which was then used to diagnose the condition of an adjacent anchorage.The results presented in this paper describe the training of a neural network on data taken from a bolt anchorage, and the diagnosis, using this neural network, of further test data taken from the same anchorage. Data taken from an adjacent anchorage of similar construction is also presented to the neural network, and the cross-anchorage diagnosis of the load level of the second anchorage is achieved.
Distributed object model for collaborative CAD environments based on design history
Authors: C. A. M. Barbosa, Bruno Feijó, Marcelo Dreux, Rubens Melo, Sérgio Scheer
Venue: Advances in Engineering Software (2003)

This paper presents new concepts for distributed dynamic design environments that deal with three aspects not effectively considered by the design literature in an integrated way: design history, CAD data model, and virtual prototyping. The present work details a design history model that gives support to views of higher levels than those usually found in design journals of CAD systems. The dynamic nature of the distributed environment is provided by an innovative mechanism that is not dependent on CORBA's DII or any other specialized middleware structure. Moreover, this paper presents an effective integration of a geometry bus on the top of a communication layer with strong support to mutant distributed objects at run time.
Interactive environment by narrative playmates toys
Authors: Eiman Kanjo, Peter Astheimer
Venue: ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin (2002)

Narration is an important part of play. Toys inspire children to imagine stories. Adding the power of the computer to toys environment can make playing time more cognitive as well as more entertaining. This paper describes our work in developing physical human-computer interface, which merges ordinary children's playsets with computer that can see via a webcam in order to enhance children's playing technique. The proposed interface with the tracking technology and narrative control can turn a normal child's playset into a fantasyland where children can sense of their world in ways that were not feasible up to date.
Tools and techniques for large scale grading using Web-based commercial off-the-shelf software
Authors: Robert N. Lass, Christopher D. Cera, Nathaniel T. Bomberger, Bruce Char, Jeffrey L. Popyack, Nira Herrmann, Paul Zoski
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

Courseware/Course Management Systems (CMS) such as WebCT or Blackboard are an increasingly popular way to provide a web presence for a course. However, their current web-browser reliance makes it difficult for them to provide functionality that could be useful to computer science instructors. This paper describes our augmentation of a CMS in a large introductory computer science class. It further describes our enhancement of the CMS by clientside software (i.e. residing on the graders computer), written for use by the instructors and graders. Finally, it indicates how conventional CMS architecture can be extended to provide additional functionality that would be desirable for computer science instruction.
The Hadamard Product of Two Stable Multivariate Polynomials is not Necessarily Stable
Authors: E. Rodríguez-Angeles, V. L. Kharitonov, J. A. Torres-Muñoz
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2004)

In this note we demonstrate by a counterexample that the Hadamard product of two stable multivariate polynomials is not necessarily a stable multivariate polynomial.
Formal verification: an imperative step in the design of security protocols
Authors: Tom Coffey, Reiner Dojen, Tomas Flanagan
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2003)

Traditionally, security protocols have been designed and verified using informal techniques. However, the absence of formal verification can lead to security errors remaining undetected. Formal verification techniques, on the other hand, provide a systematic way of discovering protocol flaws.This paper discusses the process of formal verification using modal logics. The verification process is demonstrated by way of case studies on three security protocols, which are designed for use in mobile communications. Our formal analysis discovers all known flaws in the three chosen protocols. Further, a hitherto unknown flaw is identified in these protocols. This flaw causes a protocol failure, which can be exploited in an attack where an adversary impersonates a legitimate protocol participant. A new protocol, resistant to this attack, is proposed and formally verified, giving confidence in the correctness of the protocol.The result of these case studies, where formal verification successfully discovers all these flaws, demonstrates that using formal verification techniques is an imperative step in the design of security protocols.
An integrated approach to the elicitation of customer requirements for engineering design using picture sorts and fuzzy evaluation
Authors: Wei Yan, Chun-hsien Chen, Li Pheng Khoo
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2002)

Product definition is widely accepted as one of the key factors to be considered in the early stage of product design and development. It has a direct impact on the success of a new product in the marketplace. Frequently, product definition is solicited through the voice of the customer (VoC). As such, an organization will obtain a prominent competitive edge over its competitors if it is able to effectively capture the genuine VoC or the requirements of a customer. Sorting techniques provide a means to elicit customer requirements. Although a number of sorting techniques were developed, few of them are able to handle the uncertainty and imprecision inherited from the VoC and subjective judgment because of their crisp decision making. An integrated approach is described, which is based on repeated single-criterion sorts and fuzzy evaluation, for the elicitation of customer requirements. The details of the integrated approach are presented. The approach is validated using a case study on the design of a wooden golf-club head. The details of the validation are discussed.
On Multiobjective Volt-VAR Optimization in Power Systems
Authors: Miroslav M. Begovic, Branislav Radibratovic, Frank C. Lambert
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 2 - Volume 2 (2004)

The need for simultaneous optimization of reactive resources for the transmission and distribution system has long been recognized. If investment resources are limited, various combinations of solutions (voltage level, amount and type of reactive support, etc.) may impact a number of objectives (distribution losses, distribution feeder power factor, voltage profile for conservative voltage reduction, transmission losses, transmission capacity, voltage stability, etc.). While solutions have been proposed for subsets of the above problems, fewalgorithms have undertaken the simultaneous optimization of reactive resources in the transmission and distribution network. This paper attempts to address various issues that need to be solved: decomposition of the transmission model from the distribution model, design of an interface suitable for simultaneous optimization, and development of the methodology (multiobjective optimization based on building Pareto fronts with the help of custom-tailored genetic algorithms). Some of the issues discussed in this paper are illustrated on suitable examples and guidelines proposed for building a practical model that would incorporate all of the concerns with the modeling issues.
Poster abstract: wiseMAC, an ultra low power MAC protocol for the wiseNET wireless sensor network
Authors: A. El-Hoiydi, J.-D. Decotignie, C. Enz, E. Le Roux
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (2003)

WiseMAC is a medium access control protocol designed for the WiseNET™ wireless sensor network. It is based on CSMA and uses the preamble sampling technique to minimize the power consumed when listening to an idle medium. A unique feature of this protocol is to exploit the knowledge of the sampling schedule of its direct neighbors in order to use a wake-up preamble of minimized size. This scheme allows not only to reduce the transmit and the receive power consumption, but also brings a drastic reduction of the energy wasted due to overhearing. Backoff and medium reservation schemes have been selected to provide fairness and collision avoidance. WiseMAC requires no set-up signaling, no network-wide time synchronization and is adaptive to the traffic load. It provides an ultra-low average power consumption in low traffic conditions and a high energy efficiency in high traffic conditions.
XML five years on: a review of the achievements so far and the challenges ahead
Authors: Michael H. Kay
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering (2003)

This is an extended abstract of the talk given by Michael Kay in the keynote address of the DocEng2003 symposium.
A secure and private system for subscription-based remote services
Authors: Pino Persiano, Ivan Visconti
Venue: ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) (2003)

In this paper we study privacy issues regarding the use of the SSL/TLS protocol and X.509 certificates. Our main attention is placed on subscription-based remote services (e.g., subscription to newspapers and databases) where the service manager charges a flat fee for a period of time independent of the actual number of times the service is requested.We start by pointing out that restricting the access to such services by using X.509 certificates and the SSL/TLS protocol, while preserving the interests of the service managers, neglects the right to privacy of the users.We then propose the concept of a crypto certificate and the Secure and Private Socket Layer protocol (SPSL protocol, in short) and show how they can be used to preserve user privacy and, at the same time, protecting the interests of the service managers. The SPSL protocol only requires the user to have a standard X.509 certificate (with an RSA key) and does not require the user to get any special ad hoc certificate.Finally, we show the viability of the proposed solution by describing a system based on SPSL for secure and private access to subscription-based web services. Our implementation includes an SPSL proxy for a TLS-enabled web client and a module for the Apache web server along with administrative tools for the server side. The system has been developed starting from the implementation of an API for the SPSL protocol that we describe in the paper.
Magpie: supporting browsing and navigation on the semantic web
Authors: John Domingue, Martin Dzbor
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2004)

We describe several advanced functionalities of Magpie -- a tool that assists users with interpreting the web resources. Magpie is an extension to the Internet Explorer that automatically creates a semantic layer for web pages using a user-selected ontology. Semantic layers are annotations of a web page, with a set of applicable semantic services attached to the annotated items. We argue that the ability to generate different semantic layers for a web resource is vital to support the interpretation of web pages. Moreover, the assignment of semantic web services to the entities allows users to browse their neighbourhood semantically. At the same time, the Magpie suite offers trigger functionality based on the patterns of an automatically updated semantic log. The benefits of such an approach are illustrated by a semantically enriched browsing history management.
Component-based interchangeable cryptographic architecture for securing wireless connectivity in Java<sup>TM</sup> applications
Authors: Johnny Li-Chang Lo, Judith Bishop
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology (2003)

The development of Java based wireless applications presents challenges such as securing communication and authentication between mobile devices and a server. It is acknowledged that cryptography is commonly used to secure network communications and provide authentication functionality. However, due to the nature of mobile devices such as cellular phones and personal digital assistants, the application of cryptography on a software level in Java wireless applications can slow down the execution time if not implemented properly since these devices are limited in terms of memory size, processing power, storage capacity and input/output facilities. Aside from performance aspects, inappropriate application of cryptography could weaken the security of a system, even worse the developer is not aware of it until the system is attacked. This paper presents a prototype framework that can be used to effectively and efficiently utilize cryptographic algorithms and protocols on Java enabled mobile devices.