ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Combining filtering and statistical methods for anomaly detection
Authors: Augustin Soule, Kavé Salamatian, Nina Taft
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement (2005)

In this work we develop an approach for anomaly detection for large scale networks such as that of an enterprize or an ISP. The traffic patterns we focus on for analysis are that of a network-wide view of the traffic state, called the traffic matrix. In the first step a Kalman filter is used to filter out the "normal" traffic. This is done by comparing our future predictions of the traffic matrix state to an inference of the actual traffic matrix that is made using more recent measurement data than those used for prediction. In the second step the residual filtered process is then examined for anomalies. We explain here how any anomaly detection method can be viewed as a problem in statistical hypothesis testing. We study and compare four different methods for analyzing residuals, two of which are new. These methods focus on different aspects of the traffic pattern change. One focuses on instantaneous behavior, another focuses on changes in the mean of the residual process, a third on changes in the variance behavior, and a fourth examines variance changes over multiple timescales. We evaluate and compare all of these methods using ROC curves that illustrate the full tradeoff between false positives and false negatives for the complete spectrum of decision thresholds.
Adaptive forgetting factor recursive least squares for blind interference suppression in DS/CDMA systems
Authors: V. Krishnamurthy
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

We develop an adaptive forgetting factor blind RLS algorithm for code-aided suppression of multiple access interference (MAI) and narrow-band interference (NBI) in DS/CDMA systems. The algorithm optimally adapts both the forgetting factor and the weight vector of the linear multiuser detector using the received measurements. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the blind RLS algorithm in dynamic environments.
Multi-category classification by kernel based nonlinear subspace method
Authors: E. Maeda
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

The kernel based nonlinear subspace (KNS) method is proposed for multi-class pattern classification. This method consists of the nonlinear transformation of feature spaces defined by kernel functions and subspace method in transformed high-dimensional spaces. The support vector machine, a nonlinear classifier based on a kernel function technique, shows excellent classification performance, however, its computational cost increases exponentially with the number of patterns and classes. The linear subspace method is a technique for multi-category classification, but it fails when the pattern distribution has nonlinear characteristics or the feature space dimension is low compared to the number of classes. The proposed method combines the advantages of both techniques and realizes multi-class nonlinear classifiers with better performance in less computational time. We show that a nonlinear subspace method can be formulated by nonlinear transformations defined through kernel functions and that its performance is better than that obtained by conventional methods.
A subband adaptive filter with a variable analysis filter bank
Authors: Y. Higa
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

Conventional subband adaptive digital filters (ADFs) using filter banks have shown degradation in its performance because of the non-ideal nature of analysis filters. For this problem, we propose a new class of subband ADF which has two kinds of analysis filter banks. We first claim that subband ADFs with the optimum analysis filter bank, which can minimize the least squares error at each bin, can be designed in accordance with the statistics of the signals. We also propose a practical type of subband ADF which requires no a priori knowledge of the statistics regarding the signals. Several computer simulations are also given in order to show the efficiency of the proposed subband adaptive digital filter.
Secure Mobile Ad hoc Routing
Authors: Xu Li, Amiya Nayak, Isabelle Ryl, David Simplot, Ivan Stojmenovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), multi-hop message relay is the common way for nodes to communicate and participate in network operations, making routing a primary issue. The early research efforts on MANET routing focused mainly on effectiveness and efficiency under the assumption of perfectly cooperative networks. However, MANETs may not be such a friendly environment for various reasons. Routing protocols without any security feature may put entire network at risk. As security becomes an increasingly popular topic, secure mobile ad hoc routing is attracting more and more research attention. In this paper, we conduct a survey on the state-of-art work in this field.
A Krylov subspace method for large estimation problems
Authors: M. K. Schneider
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

Computing the linear least-squares estimate of a high-dimensional random quantity given noisy data requires solving a large system of linear equations. In many situations, one can solve this system efficiently using the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm. Computing the estimation error variances is a more intricate task. It is difficult because the error variances are the diagonal elements of a complicated matrix. This paper presents a method for using the conjugate search directions generated by the CG algorithm to obtain a converging approximation to the estimation error variances. The algorithm for computing the error variances falls out naturally from a novel estimation-theoretic interpretation of the CG algorithm. The paper discusses this interpretation and convergence issues and presents numerical examples.
An Analytical Model for Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA Protocol in Low-Rate Wireless Application
Authors: Zhijia Chen, Chuang Lin, Hao Wen, Hao Yin
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops - Volume 02 (2007)

The IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is developed to meet the needs in wireless personal area networks by adopting CSMA/CA algorithm as the retransfer mechanism after the collision occurred. But existed evaluation for 802.15.4 mainly bases on simulation and the only few existed mathematical models are either developed immaturely or based on inaccurate assumption, thus failing to meet the rapid evolution and increasing complexity for low-rate wireless applications such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Therefore, to evaluate the performance of 802.15.4 protocol and better utilize its strength for low-data-rate wireless application, this paper presents an accurate two-dimensional discrete Markov chain model for evaluating the 802.15.4 CSMA/CA mechanism, focusing on the analysis of relationship between throughput and related parameters. By building a Markov chain for the backoff counter, computing the stable distribution probability and success transmission probability in channel collision, this paper finally gives the throughput and energy consumption formula. In the experimental part, we use ns2 simulator to evaluate the performance of 802.15.4 at the 2.4GHz scale under different circumstances and the final performance well validates our theoretical conclusion. Considering the former work mainly bases on simulation and existing models lack accuracy, our theory and simulation combined analytical model is both novel and valuable.
Graphical representations of engineering design behavior
Authors: J. R. Chimka
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1998)

Engineering design is a necessary skill for all graduating engineers. As educators, we must develop ways to represent engineering design behavior that allow us to assess alternative methods of teaching design. Using verbal protocol analysis, we are able to document and analyze student design processes. When analyzed, design process data reveal differences in student approaches and allow researchers to make comparisons across students. Here, we present alternative methods of displaying design process data from verbal protocols and discuss the types of analyses that are possible from each representation.
Some practical insights in multichannel active noise control equalization
Authors: M. De Diego
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

In this paper, a novel adaptive algorithm for equalization of periodic signals using active control is developed. This algorithm actively cancels out a single frequency without changing the amplitude levels at close frequencies. The algorithm performance is compared with that of an adaptive equalizer previously reported (Kuo and Ji 1995 and Kuo and Morgan 1996). Both algorithms are used for a real multichannel system in order to equalize some given frequencies of a primary signal. The local active noise control system has been used to create an equalization zone. A two channel system is used and the total pressure is controlled at two microphones. A 4100 type Bruel manikin with two calibrated microphones at the ear canals has been used to obtain sound levels in a hypothetic listener's ears. The equalization points are not only the error sensors positions but an area around them which is measured using the manikin.
A four-stage system for blind colour image segmentation
Authors: Ezequiel López-Rubio, José Muñoz-Pérez, José Antonio Gómez-Ruiz
Venue: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering (2003)

This paper proposes a new method to split colour images into regions. The only input information is the image to be segmented. Hence, this is a blind colour image segmentation method. It consists of four subsystems: preprocessing, cluster detection, cluster fusion and postprocessing. Proofs are given for the significant properties that we have found. It is not necessary to specify the number of regions in advance, which is a significant improvement over the standard competitive-style strategies. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the performance of this method for some images.
A pitch dependent time-frequency response for periodic signals
Authors: M. L. Kramer
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

Although several kernel design methods have been proposed for improved time-frequency responses (TFRs) for various signal classes, the family of simple periodic signals has not been specifically considered. Many signals, such as speech and music, which are analyzed using time-frequency techniques exhibit a strong periodic structure. Here we develop an improved TFR designed for periodic functions, under the assumption that the fundamental period of the signal is known or can at least be accurately estimated.
Adaptive parameter estimation using interior point optimization techniques: convergence analysis
Authors: K. H. Afkhamie
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

Interior point optimization techniques have emerged as a new tool for developing parameter estimation algorithms. These algorithms aim to take advantage of the fast convergence properties of interior point methods, to yield, in particular, fast transient performance. We develop a simple analytic center based algorithm, which updates estimates with a constant number of computation (independent of number of samples). The convergence analysis shows that the asymptotic performance of this algorithm matches that of the well-known least squares filter (provided some mild conditions are satisfied). Some numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the fast transient performance of the interior point algorithm.
3D Finite Element Modeling of Nonrigid Breast Deformation for Feature Registration in -ray and MR Images
Authors: Yong Zhang, Yan Qiu, Dmitry B. Goldgof, Sudeep Sarkar, Lihua Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2007)

Registering features in multiple mammographic views is an important technique to improve breast cancer detection rate. However, nonrigid breast deformation during X-ray imaging poses a severe challenge to the conventional 2D registration methods. We present a method that utilizes a 3D model to facilitate two-view registration by predicting breast deformation. At first, a finite element model of a breast is constructed using its MRIs. The model is capable of simulating both compression and decompression. Feature registration is then accomplished through a series of projections and compression-decompression operations. Experiments using real patient data demonstrate that a mammographic feature can be successfully registered from one view to another.
The Achievement of Hibiki Project--For the Spread Use of RFID--
Authors: Atsushi Honzawa, Yuichi Kobayashi, Shinichirou Fukushima, Takanori Yamazoe
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (2007)

Hitachi, Ltd. completed Hibiki project, which had been conducted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI) for 2 years from August 2004, to realize 5-yen RFID inlay. This paper describes the achievement of Hibiki project; the descriptions of Hibiki RFID specifications, the evaluation results of reading and writing distance and multiple tags reading results.
PLUG-IN: using Tcl/Tk for plan-based user guidance
Authors: Frank Lonczewski
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual USENIX Workshop on Tcl/Tk - Volume 3 (1995)

PLUG-IN (PLan-Based User Guidance for Intelligent Navigation) is a user guidance component supporting the user of interactive applications. It generates dynamical on-line help pages and animation sequences on the fly. On the dynamical help pages textual help for the user is displayed whereas the animation sequences are used to show how the user can interact with the application. In our presentation we demonstrate the given user support by looking at the user interface of an ISDN telephone application and discuss the underlying Tcl/Tk concepts of PLUG-IN.
The Economic Motivation of Open Source Software: Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Dirk Riehle
Venue: Computer (2007)

Open source software has changed the rules of the game, significantly impacting the economic behavior of stakeholders in thesoftware ecosystem. In this new environment, developers strive to be committers, vendors feel pressure to produce open source products,and system integrators anticipate boosting profits.
Minitrack: E-Government Services & Information
Authors: Kim Viborg Andersen, Anthony M. Cresswell, Kristin R. Eschenfelder
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

The scope and diversity of electronic service developments by government agencies continues to grow. This growth has been a result of internal efficiency and reform movements within governments along with growing demand from the public for the benefits of new service modes and information access. As a result, the scope and diversity of research issues expands as well. This minitrack sought papers that reflected this diversity in topics and evidence of attention to the expanding scope of E-service capabilities The three papers included in this minitrack do, in fact, reflect this growing scope in both geographic spread and research questions examined. Two of the papers examined the uptake of use of E-services in two different contexts, the US and Taiwan. The third paper proposed an expanded approach to the assessment of website effectiveness and service quality.
Implementation of frequency offset correction using CORDIC algorithm for 5 GHz WLAN applications
Authors: H. Zhana, Z. Wang, S. S. Chandra
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

This paper presents an efficient implementation of frequency offset correction for the IEEE 802.1 1a wireless LAN systems. A hybrid architecture is proposed for implementing angle rotation using the radix-4 CORDIC algorithm. Targeted for 5 GHz WLAN applications and tailored to be implemented using a specific process technology, which is 0.18 /spl mu/m in our case, the proposed architecture can achieve a good compromise between hardware area and processing latency.
A novel multiply multiple accumulator component for low power PDSP design
Authors: V. Sundararajan
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

This paper presents a novel programmable digital signal processor (PDSP) component called the multiply multiple accumulator (MMAC). The MMAC differs from a standard multiply accumulator (MAC) in that it has k addressable accumulators rather than 1 in the case of the MAC. It is demonstrated that this feature of the MMAC can provide for low power scheduling of FIR filter operations. Typically, the number of read accesses to associated memories can come down, asymptotically, by a factor of k. The switching activity of associated multipliers also comes down by a factor of k.
A test statistics for low complexity change detection in dynamic systems based on averaged filter models
Authors: S. Halvarsson
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

This paper presents a new method to detect and discriminate between abrupt changes in dynamics and sudden changes in disturbance levels in dynamic systems. It is assumed that a normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive filter estimates the system. The detection method is based on the observation that the estimated taps behave differently in the two studied events. The convergence behavior of the taps is modeled using averaging theory, giving an exponential convergence behavior for each tap. Kalman filtering techniques, based on this model, are then used in order to design a new detection scheme.
Using a real-life setting to combine social and technical skills
Authors: M. Daniels
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Our students are highly competent in the technical area, but have little training in the non-technical area. This paper describes a course that is designed to increase the students' ability to apply their technical skills in a professional way. Projects with real, low in IT skills, users are used to make the issue of being professional concrete. The aspect of communication, both between colleagues and between users of a product, is chosen as a theme. Relevant theory is introduced as close to the point in time when needed in the real project. This paper give the general setting of the course and observations from students and teachers about how well the goals are achieved.
Understanding student information behavior in relation to electronic information services: Lessons from longitudinal monitoring and evaluation, Part 1
Authors: Jennifer Rowley, Christine Urquhart
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2007)

This two-part article establishes a model of the mediating factors that influence student information behavior concerning electronic or digital information sources that support their learning. The first part reviews the literature that underpinned the development of the research methodology for the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) User Behavior Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, as well as the literature that has subsequently helped to develop the model over the 5 years the Framework operated in the United Kingdom, in five cycles of research that were adjusted to meet the emerging needs of the JISC at the time. The literature review attempts to synthesize the two main perspectives in the research studies: (a) small-scale studies of student information behavior; and (b) the studies that focus on the quantitative usage of particular electronic information services in universities, often including implications for training and support. As the review indicates, there are gaps in the evidence concerning the browsing and selection strategies of undergraduate students and the interaction of some of the mediating influences on information behavior. The Framework developed a multimethod, qualitative and quantitative methodology for the continued monitoring of user behavior. This article discusses the methods used and the project-management challenges involved, and concludes that at the outset, intended impacts need to be specified carefully, and that funding needs to be committed at that point for a longitudinal study. A research project on information behavior, intended to inform current policymaking on infrastructure provision, is inherently difficult as behavior changes lag behind provision. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A computer-aided bibliometric system to generate core article ranked lists in interdisciplinary subjects
Authors: Gen Ming Guo
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2007)

Due to the tremendous increase and variations in serial publications, the impact of every peer-reviewed paper on different subjects is varying continually. Domain experts or researchers want to keep track of those latest and highly cited peer-reviewed papers; however they are finding it difficult to update or collect their subject core paper lists regularly and accurately. The evaluation of serial papers for generating and ranking core paper lists on different subjects becomes a very challenging task for scholars or librarians. Therefore, a computer-aided bibliometric system (CABS) was developed to generate a core article ranked list automatically. Four indicators - subject reference cited counts, subject total cited counts, subject reference period impact and subject reference cited history - were proposed to generate a subject core article ranking list. Seven different subjects including E-commerce, Data Mining, Supply Chain, Image Processing, Enterprise Resource Planning, Microarray and Expert Systems were used as samples. The turning point (TP) was proposed to determine the core article area in the paper citation analysis. The TP patterns observed were that all TPs had the same rate for four different subjects. The usage of TP patterns can also be used to verify the experimental results. This study provides experimental evidence to disprove three myths. Myth 1: the top papers on a subject (for instance, the top 10 papers) were all submitted to (S)SCI journals. Myth 2: the highly cited papers (cited counts >4) on interdisciplinary subjects were almost submitted to (S)SCI journals. Myth 3: the articles published in the top journals on a subject would be highly cited.
Mining RNA Tertiary Motifs with Structure Graphs
Authors: Xueyi Wang, Jun Huan, Jack S. Snoeyink, Wei Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2007)

We present a novel application of graph database mining to identify tertiary motifs in RNA structures. In our method, we abstract an RNA molecule as a labeled graph and use a frequent subgraph mining technique to derive tertiary motifs. By applying our technique to ribosome RNA and transfer RNA, we have identified known RNA tertiary motifs such as the ribose zipper and U-turn, plus candidates for novel tertiary motifs. Finally, we suggest an iterative multiple structure alignment algorithm to classify tertiary motifs and generate consensus motifs.