ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
JavaServer Pages, 3rd Edition
Authors: Hans Bergsten
Venue:  (2003)

JavaServer Pages, Third Edition is completely revised and updated to cover the substantial changes in the 2.0 version of the JSP specification. It also includes detailed coverage of the major revisions to the JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) specification. Combining plenty of practical advice with detailed coverage of JSP syntax and features and clear, useful examples, JavaServer Pages, Third Edition demonstrates how to embed server-side Java into Web pages, while also covering important topics such as JavaBeans, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), and JDBC database access.
On a Conjecture of Bollob&aacute;s and Brightwell Concerning Random Walks on Product Graphs
Authors: Olle Häggström
Venue: Combinatorics, Probability and Computing (1998)

We consider continuous time random walks on a product graph G&times;H, where G is arbitrary and H consists of two vertices x and y linked by an edge. For any t>0 and any a, b&isin;V(G), we show that the random walk starting at (a, x) is more likely to have hit (b, x) than (b, y) by time t. This contrasts with the discrete time case and proves a conjecture of Bollob&aacute;s and Brightwell. We also generalize the result to cases where H is either a complete graph on n vertices or a cycle on n vertices.
Automatic Modification of Sequential Circuits for Self-Checking Implementation
Authors: Cecilia Metra, Stefano Di Francescantonio, Martin Omaña
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

In this paper we present a tool for the automatic insertion of the modifications required to make a general sequential circuit self-checking with respect to possible transient faults. In particular, our tool modifies the internal structure of the sequential circuit and adds proper encoders/decoders and checkers. A VHDL description of the obtained self-checking system is generated, that can be given to the input of a conventional synthesis tool. As an example we consider the case of the synthesis tool available within the Xilinx FPGA design framework. However, our developed software may be easily adapted to operate on the preamble of any other commercial synthesis tool.
Introduction to the special issue on the web as corpus
Authors: Adam Kilgarriff, Gregory Grefenstette
Venue: Computational Linguistics (2003)

The Web, teeming as it is with language data, of all manner of varieties and languages, in vast quantity and freely available, is a fabulous linguists' playground. This special issue of Computational Linguistics explores ways in which this dream is being explored.
Some properties of an extended Wigner function
Authors: R. Ramanathan
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

A covariant generalisation of Wigner function proposed by us some years ago is reviewed, and its remarkable and useful properties are elucidated; its being a natural solution to a relativistically covariant Liouville equation is also demonstrated.
On Conditions for Stability of the Nonlinear Dynamic Systems in the Limit-Critical Case
Authors: V. P. Zhukov
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2003)

For the nonlinear dynamic systems of arbitrary order, consideration was given to stability of the equilibrium states in the limit-critical case where the linear system obtained by linearization of a nonlinear system is such that all roots of its characteristic equation have zero real parts. In this&mdash;as in any other&mdash;critical case, the nature of stability of the nonlinear system is defined by the nonlinear terms of its right-hand side. Therefore, for the nonlinear system at hand it is desirable to have conditions for (asymptotic, nonasymptotic) stability and instability formulated only in terms of the nonlinear terms. The present paper obtained these desirable sufficient conditions for stability and instability on the basis of some properties that are characteristic of the solutions of the linearized system in the limit case under study.
Gender tales in computer-mediated communication
Authors: Laila Taylor-Nelms
Venue:  (2002)

My study explores the origin of and extent to which gendered communication styles exist in two online classrooms. I define gendered communication to mean language differences often noted by researchers who examine language choices males and females make. Divergent language choices can cause each sex to misinterpret and possibly, demean the other's statements. Researchers suggest that men, for example, write longer messages, initiate new topics, women. Women, on the other hand, tend to express agreement, ask opinions, interject more qualifiers, share personal experiences, and issue disclaimers more often than men. This qualitative study investigated the existence of gendered communication styles and status-dominance language and the ways they both affect and are affected by societal and biological constraints within society. The study's methodology utilized non-participant observation strategies in a study of two online courses offered by New York's PBS station. I drew data from three sources: pre-course and post-course surveys, telephone interviews, and content analysis. Although I found evidence of gendered communication styles and status dominance language, I also uncovered a richness of gendered behaviors online lending support to a more textured view of individuals within gendered groups in society.
Silicon-based optical integrated circuits for terabit-rate optical networks
Authors: Konstantin K. Svidzinskiy
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

Dense Wave Guide Division Multiplexing (DWDM), the recent revolutionary technology in optical communication, promises 100-fold transmission rate increase for fiber-optical channels. In this paper we discuss optical Integrated Circuits on SiO2 based on Ge (SiON)/Si structures (SiOIC) - the basic element of DVDM and spectral optical channel switch devices, details of SiOIC's manufacturing, e.g. thick-layer PECVD and deep-trench RIE technological processes, and micromechanical technique of the fiber-planar optical waveguide connection. Other important topics under consideration are passive DWDM SiOIC's, functional principles of the planar optical DWDM and the volume analog, the Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) as a synthesis of the Michelson's Echelon and the Phased Antenna Array (PHASAR), and spectral selective Add-Drop SiOIC; DWDM optical switches; Waveguide thermooptical modulator and Mach-Zehnder 2×2 switch element, Controlled Add-drop and wavelength selective switch circuits examples, challenge and prospect of optical switch on SiOIC's, fast optical switches on Silicon-on-Isolator (SOI) structures, and charge-controlled electrooptical modulators of plasma dispersion effect in Si-core waveguides.
Optimal slicing of plane point placements
Authors: Lukas P. P. P. van Ginneken, Ralph H. J. M. Otten
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1990)

An algorithm for finding an optimal floor plan among all slicing structures consistent with a given plane point placement is presented. Here, consistent means that each slice corresponds with a rectangular subset of the point placement and that its child slices are ordered according to the coordinates on the associated axis. An optimal floor plan among these slicing structures is one that minimizes an object function, while satisfying the shape constraints of all blocks represented by the points. The object function must be a non-decreasing function of the height and the width of the floor plan. Area is just one such function. The algorithm is proven to be of polynomial time complexity in case all shape constraints are integer stair case functions.
The Effects of Power and Partnership on Application Service Provider Commitment, Cooperation, and Compliance
Authors: Matthew Swinarski, Rajiv Kishore, H. Raghav Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 8 - Volume 8 (2004)

The growth of information technology (IT) outsourcing as has dramatically increased during the 1990s by tens of billions of dollars annually. Part of this current growth may come from new kinds of outsourcing services such as Application Service Providers (ASPs). But despite market growth, several of these outsourcing ventures are failing. Thus, if the IT outsourcing model, especially its new forms, is to succeed in the future it becomes necessary to identify how to successfully manage these complex relationships in order to ensure the delivery of highquality and consistently reliable IT products and services. Using an experimental methodology, this research investigates the impact of partnership quality and the client's power on the service provider's compliance, cooperation, and commitment. The results show that the client's power and the quality of their partnership with the provider motivates the IT service provider to comply with the contractual obligations, cooperate with the client, and investadditional resources into the IT outsourcing relationship.
The multics interprocess communication facility
Authors: Michael J. Spier, Elliott I. Organick
Venue: Proceedings of the second symposium on Operating systems principles (1969)

Essential to any multi-process computer system is some mechanism to enable coexisting processes to communicate with one another. The basic inter-process communication (IPC) mechanism is the exchange of messages among independent processes in a commonly accessible data base and in accordance with some pre-arranged convention.By introducing several system wide conventions for initiating communication, and by utilizing the Traffic Controller it is possible to expand the basic IPC mechanism into a general purpose IPC facility. The Multics IPC facility is an extension of the central supervisor which assumes the burden of managing the shared data base and of respecting the IPC conventions, thus providing a simple and easy way for the programmer to use the interface.
The university of DVD
Authors: Avi Rushinek, Sara Rushinek
Venue: Ubiquity (2003)

Universities and training organizations increasingly use technology to record and distribute original material, bringing on a new class of technological and legal issues.
Strategic knowledge sharing for improved public service delivery: managing an innovative culture for effective partnerships
Authors: Gillian Wright, Andrew Taylor
Venue: Knowledge management: current issues and challenges (2003)

This chapter considers inter-organizational knowledge sharing in the delivery of public services. While public services represent a significant economic sector in most countries, there is little published research of its implementation of knowledge sharing to improve service performance. The chapter highlights potential barriers to effective knowledge sharing in public service partnerships and introduces a second-order regression model to guide managers in their development of an effective knowledge sharing environment. Based on research incorporating participant observation, document analysis, 30 interviews and a survey (n=132), the chapter identifies six antecedent factors to effective knowledge sharing, the most significant of which is an innovative culture.
Technology mapping for a two-output RAM-based field programmable gate array
Authors: David Filo, Jerry Chih-Yuan Yang, Frédéric Mailhot, Giovanni De Micheli
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1991)

We present a new approach for performing technology mapping onto Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We consider one class of FPGAs, based on two-output five-input RAM-based cells, that are used to implement combinational logic functions. We describe a heuristic algorithm for technology mapping that performs a decomposition of the circuit in the FPGA primitives, driven by the information on logic functional sharing. We have implemented the algorithm in the program Hydra. Experimental results shows an average of 20 % to 25 % improvement over other existing programs in mapping area and 67-fold speedup in computing time.
Change of the electrical properties of granular CoFeB-SiOnnanocomposites after heat treatment
Authors: O. V. Stognei, V. A. Slyusarev, Yu. E. Kalinin, A. V. Sitnikov, M. N. Kopitin
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

The influence of thermal annealing on the giant magnetoresistance and electrical resistivity of (Co41Fe39B20)x(SiOn)100-x granular composites has been investigated over a wide concentration range (36 ≤x≤60 in at.%). It has been observed that the heat treatment of the composites, which are below the percolation threshold, leads to an increase of the giant magnetoresistance (almost up to three times) and shifts the magnetoresistance maximum to a range with more dielectric concentration.
Toward natural language computation
Authors: Alan W. Biermann, Bruce W. Ballard
Venue: Computational Linguistics (1980)

A computer programming system called the "Natural Language Computer" (NLC) is described which allows a user to type English commands while watching them executed on sample data appearing on a display screen. Direct visual feedback enables the user to detect most misinterpretation errors as they are made so that incorrect or ambiguous commands can be retyped or clarified immediately. A sequence of correctly executed commands may be given a name and used as a subroutine, thus extending the set of available operations and allowing larger English-language programs to be constructed hierarchically. In addition to discussing the transition network syntax and procedural semantics of the system, special attention is devoted to the following topics: the nature of imperative sentences in the matrix domain; the processing of non-trivial noun phrases; conjunction; pronominals; and programming constructs such as "if", "repeat", and procedure definition.
Characteristics of a structured program
Authors: Ned Chapin, Susan P. Denniston
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1978)

Structured programing is the set of design and implementation processes that yield well-structured programs. A well-structured program can be identified by the presence of five positive characteristics, and the absence of two negative characteristics.
Evaluating database selection algorithms for distributed search
Authors: Mikhail Sogrine, Ahmed Patel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

We investigate algorithms of database selection and evaluate their performance by modelling a distributed search system. The evaluation is done using a 10 gigabyte document collection divided into 857 document databases. We have also investigated various evaluation criteria and put forward a new metrics for evaluating database selection algorithms.
Impersonal trust in B2B electronic commerce: a process view
Authors: Paul A. Pavlou
Venue: The economic and social impacts of e-commerce (2003)

Although the notion of impersonal trust is not new, its significance has dramatically increased with the emergence of interorganizational eCommerce. Two types of trust are usually distinguished in interfirm exchange relations-an impersonal type created by structural arrangements, and a familiarity type arising from repeated interaction. This chapter contributes to the emerging body of knowledge regarding the role of trust in B2B eCommerce, which is primarily impersonal. The nature of trust is examined, and credibility and benevolence are defined as its distinct dimensions. Impersonal trust-primarily arising from credibility-focuses on institutional structures that B2B exchanges enable through signals and incentives to facilitate interfirm relations. Following the economic, sociological and marketing literature on the sources and processes under which trust engenders, a set of three cognitive processes that generate impersonal trust is determined. Applied to B2B exchanges, four antecedents of impersonal trust are proposed to trigger these processes: accreditation, feedback, monitoring and legal bonds. In addition, impersonal trust is proposed to increase satisfaction, reduce risk, encourage anticipated continuity and promote favorable pricing. A theoretical framework is then proposed that specifies the interrelationships between the antecedents, underlying processes and consequence of impersonal trust in B2B eCommerce. The theoretical and managerial implications of this study on B2B eCommerce are discussed, and directions for future research are proposed.
Conceiving architectural aspects for quality software education through the constructivist perspective
Authors: Karr Hou Vat
Venue: Current issues in IT education (2003)

This chapter describes the initiative to incorporate the practice of quality software education (QSE) into our undergraduate curriculum concerning the engineering of software. We discuss how the constructivist's method of problem-based learning (PBL) helps develop this QSE practice in our students' daily learning. We also expound the idea of an architectural context to building information systems (IS) solutions, supported by the industry's emerging consensus that architecture provides the kind of thinking and methods we need to develop today's complex systems. Our QSE approach focuses on designing problems, which require the building of a sensible IS architecture characterized by objects of different services. Our QSE approach is outlined in terms of a state-of-the-practice management philosophy called action learning, modified for educational scenarios, so that our students could learn to acquire their collaborative software engineering and management experience in the practice of architected applications development. To conclude, the criteria used to evaluate the working of our learning scenario and the challenge in combining action learning with PBL in innovating different QSE experiences for our students is discussed.
Summarization evaluation using relative utility
Authors: Dragomir R. Radev, Daniel Tam
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information and knowledge management (2003)

We present a series of experiments to demonstrate the validity of Relative Utility (RU) as a measure for evaluating extractive summarizers. RU is applicable in both single-document and multi-document summarization, is extendable to arbitrary compression rates with no extra annotation effort, and takes into account both random system performance and interjudge agreement. Our results using the JHU summary corpus indicate that RU is a reasonable and often superior alternative to several common evaluation metrics.
Peer-to-Peer and Distributed Search in Fixed and Mobile Environments
Authors: Jan Mischke, Burkhard Stiller
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 9 - Volume 9 (2004)

Distributed search has become a very important research area in light of the proliferation of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The convergence of fixed and mobile networks increases node dynamics further and adds to the complexity of the problem. This paper presents an exhaustive two-dimensional design space and a comprehensive survey of search designs. In the functional dimension, it identifies a series of mappings and integrated approaches like keyword lookup or semantic routing. In the structural dimension, design options for each mapping include computational approaches, central or completely replicated tables, classic or symmetric hierarchies, ordered spaces, and random structures and topologies. An evaluation of these design options serves as a guideline for system designers. Finally, it enables us to derive general implications and recommendations for P2P search design.
Modeling and Implementing an Adaptive Human-Computer Interface Using Passive Biosensors
Authors: Curtis S. Ikehara, David N. Chin, Martha E. Crosby
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 5 - Volume 5 (2004)

Modeling of the human-computer interaction as a partnership between two systems provides a flexible method of modeling both the quantitative and qualitative requirements of a human-computer interface. A discussion of the components of a system, system structures and system issues are reviewed along with a description of the research model used at theAdaptive Multimodal Interactive Laboratory.
Load Balancing on Stateful Clustered Web Servers
Authors: G. Teodoro, T. Tavares, B. Coutinho, W. Meira,  Jr., D. Guedes
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (2003)

One of the main challenges to the wide use of the Internet is the scalability of the servers, that is, their ability to handle the increasing demand. Scalability in stateful servers, which comprise e-Commerce and other transaction-oriented servers, is even more difficult, since it is necessary to keep transaction data across requests from the same user. One common strategy for achieving scalability is to employ clustered servers, where the load is distributed among the various servers. However, as a consequence of the workload characteristics and the need ofmaintaining data coherent among the servers that compose the cluster, load imbalance arise among servers, reducing the efficiency of the server as a whole. In this paper we propose and evaluate a strategy for load balancing in stateful clustered servers. Our strategy is based oncontrol theory and allowed significant gains over configurations that do not employ the load balancing strategy, reducing the response time in up to 50% and increasing the throughput in up to 16%.
Tau laws for pi calculus
Authors: Yuxi Fu, Zhenrong Yang
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2003)

The paper investigates the nonsymbolic algebraic semantics of the weak bisimulation congruences on finite pi processes. The weak bisimulation congruences are studied both in the absence and in the presence of the mismatch operator. Some interesting phenomena about the open congruences are revealed. Several new tau laws are discovered and their relationship is discussed. The contributions of the paper are mainly as follows: 1. It is proved that Milner's three tau laws fail to lift a complete system for the strong open congruence to a complete system for the weak open congruence in the absence of both the mismatch operator and the restriction operator. A fourth tau law is proposed to deal with the match operator under the prefix operation. It is shown that for this calculus a complete system for the strong open congruence extended with all the four tau laws is complete for the weak open congruence. 2. It is verified that the four tau laws are also enough for the weak open congruence of the pi calculus without the mismatch operator. A complete system using distinctions is given. 3. It is pointed out that the standard definition of the weak open congruence gives rise to a bad equivalence relation in the presence of the mismatch operator. Two alternatives are proposed. These are the late open congruence and the early open congruence. Their difference is similar to that between the weak late congruence and the weak early congruence. Complete axiomatic systems for the two weak open congruences are given.