ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Prototype selection for dissimilarity-based classifiers
Authors: Elbieta Pkalska, Robert P. W. Duin, Pavel Paclík
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2006)

A conventional way to discriminate between objects represented by dissimilarities is the nearest neighbor method. A more efficient and sometimes a more accurate solution is offered by other dissimilarity-based classifiers. They construct a decision rule based on the entire training set, but they need just a small set of prototypes, the so-called representation set, as a reference for classifying new objects. Such alternative approaches may be especially advantageous for non-Euclidean or even non-metric dissimilarities. The choice of a proper representation set for dissimilarity-based classifiers is not yet fully investigated. It appears that a random selection may work well. In this paper, a number of experiments has been conducted on various metric and non-metric dissimilarity representations and prototype selection methods. Several procedures, like traditional feature selection methods (here effectively searching for prototypes), mode seeking and linear programming are compared to the random selection. In general, we find out that systematic approaches lead to better results than the random selection, especially for a small number of prototypes. Although there is no single winner as it depends on data characteristics, the k-centres works well, in general. For two-class problems, an important observation is that our dissimilarity-based discrimination functions relying on significantly reduced prototype sets (3-10% of the training objects) offer a similar or much better classification accuracy than the best k-NN rule on the entire training set. This may be reached for multi-class data as well, however such problems are more difficult.
Learning curve application to space shuttle processing simulations
Authors: Michael G. Madden
Venue: Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation (2006)

Traditional learning curves were pioneered by T.P. Wright in 1936, with the idea that improvements in labor-hours to manufacture an airplane could be described in a mathematical pattern. This paper will show that this concept of learning curve improvements to production metrics can be applied based on cumulative time, rather than volume of production, for one-of-a-kind applications, such as space shuttle flights, where production quantities are very limited. Policy and process changes can also be observed in production data, and the learning curve is useful in the prediction of future trends. Past data from space shuttle processing is demonstrated to fit this new definition, and prediction of future process metrics is explored. Once the learning curve is time-based, simulation can be applied to model the system and enhance the prediction effort for future process metrics.
Microprogramming: a pedagogical tool
Authors: Alberto F. Tassinari
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1973)

Pedagogical values of microprogramming arise from the fact that it permits a thorough understanding of both computer organization and processor languages at one time, since in this discipline two fundamental topics of Computer Science, the design of logic structures and the study of symbolic languages, merge.
Quasi-Monte Carlo strategies for stochastic optimization
Authors: Shane S. Drew, Tito Homem-de-Mello
Venue: Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation (2006)

In this paper we discuss the issue of solving stochastic optimization problems using sampling methods. Numerical results have shown that using variance reduction techniques from statistics can result in significant improvements over Monte Carlo sampling in terms of the number of samples needed for convergence of the optimal objective value and optimal solution to a stochastic optimization problem. Among these techniques are stratified sampling and Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling. However, for problems in high dimension, it may be computationally inefficient to calculate Quasi-Monte Carlo point sets in the full dimension. Rather, we wish to identify which dimensions are most important to the convergence and implement a Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling scheme with padding, where the important dimensions are sampled via Quasi-Monte Carlo sampling and the remaining dimensions with Monte Carlo sampling. We then incorporate this sampling scheme into an external sampling algorithm (ES-QMCP) to solve stochastic optimization problems.
A web-based tutoring system with styles-matching strategy for spatial geometric transformation
Authors: Hao-Chuan Wang, Tsai-Yen Li, Chun-Yen Chang
Venue: Interacting with Computers (2006)

It has been a major objective for researchers to develop computer systems that can effectively deliver instruction to learners. Therefore, how to incorporate instructional strategies in computer-assisted learning systems in a systematic manner deserves further investigation. In this paper, a style-matching strategy that attempts to match learning materials' styles to learners' latent traits is proposed and realized in a web-based tutoring system, called CooTutor. The mechanism of adaptive material selection takes learners' different spatial ability and learning styles as an integral learning profile into account, and performs traits-based personalization of learning experience. This system is specifically designed to conquer the difficulty of tutoring the topic on fundamental spatial geometry in conventional curriculums. By conducting empirical evaluation with a small group of students, it is found that CooTutor is generally beneficial to learning the domain, but the effect of the styles-matching mechanism remains inconclusive. The work aims to contribute to the community of adaptive hypermedia in providing an explorative example adopting the concern of individual difference for personalization. The system design, a usage scenario, and an exploratory evaluation are presented in this paper as implications for further studies.
Inferring phylogeny from whole genomes
Authors: Paweł Górecki, Jerzy Tiuryn
Venue: Bioinformatics (2007)

Motivation: Inferring species phylogenies with a history of gene losses and duplications is a challenging and an important task in computational biology. This problem can be solved by duplication-loss models in which the primary step is to reconcile a rooted gene tree with a rooted species tree. Most modern methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (from sequences) produce unrooted gene trees. This limitation leads to the problem of transforming unrooted gene tree into a rooted tree, and then reconciling rooted trees. The main questions are 'What about biological interpretation of choosing rooting?', 'Can we find efficiently the optimal rootings?', 'Is the optimal rooting unique?'. Results: In this paper we present a model of reconciling unrooted gene tree with a rooted species tree, which is based on a concept of choosing rooting which has minimal reconciliation cost. Our analysis leads to the surprising property that all the minimal rootings have identical distributions of gene duplications and gene losses in the species tree. It implies, in our opinion, that the concept of an optimal rooting is very robust, and thus biologically meaningful. Also, it has nice computational properties. We present a linear time and space algorithm for computing optimal rooting(s). This algorithm was used in two different ways to reconstruct the optimal species phylogeny of five known yeast genomes from approximately 4700 gene trees. Moreover, we determined locations (history) of all gene duplications and gene losses in the final species tree. It is interesting to notice that the top five species trees are the same for both methods. Availability: Software and documentation are freely available from http://bioputer.mimuw.edu.pl/~gorecki/urec Contact: gorecki@mimuw.edu.pl
An Intel 3000 cross assembler
Authors: David Willen
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1976)

This note describes MCR3000, a cross-assembler and simulator for the Intel series 3000 microcomputer chip set. The MCR3000 System is written for, and runs under, the IBM System 360 OS/MVT. It consists of an assembler facility for writing and generating microcode and an execution simulator for testing and running micro programs. When one uses both the assembler and simulator, it is necessary to specify the bit slice desired. This value can range from 2 (which represents a single 3001 CPE chip) to 32, the length of an IBM full word. There is no limit to the size of the microprogram memory and powerful extensions to the addressing schemes of the 3002 MCU chip are provided.
Microsoft Windows Vista Unveiled
Authors: Paul McFedries
Venue:  (2006)

Look beyond the hypeï¾new and noteworthy and what Vista really means for tomorrow's desktop.Covers the Beta 2 release of Windows® VistaAn unbiased, unvarnished sneak peek at everything that's new, noteworthy, and ready for prime time in Windows Vista.Microsoft Windows Vista Unveiled is an in-depth exploration of the public release Beta 2 version of Windows Vista, Microsoft's next major operating system and the successor to Windows XP. Whether you're just planning ahead for a future upgrade or running Beta 2 already, Microsoft Windows Vista Unveiled takes you on a detailed tour of all the new and improved technologies, features, tools, and programs that Microsoft programmers have stitched into the Vista fabric. You will learn not only what features are new in Vista, but also why they're important (or not), who they were designed for, and how they will affect your computing life. The goal of this book is to give you an exhaustive sneak preview of Vista's innovations and changes so that by the end of the book you should know whether Vista is for you and what you can expect when you sit down in front of this new operating system.Here's what you'll find inside...ï¾ In-depth coverage of all the new and improved Windows Vista tools and technologiesï¾ A tour of the new Windows Vista interface, including Aero Glassï¾ What hardware you need to get the most out of Windows Vistaï¾ Vista's file system improvements, including tags, Quick Search, and virtual foldersï¾ A review of Vista's new performance and stability featuresï¾ A critical look at the beefed-up security features, including Windows Defender, the new Firewall, and User Account Controlï¾ A complete look at Vista's totally redesigned networking toolsï¾ In-depth coverage of Vista's new and improved tools for notebooks and Tablet PCs, digital media, and gamingPaul McFedries is the president of Logophilia Limited, a technical writing company. He has been working with computers for more than 30 years, has been using Microsoft Windows since version 1, and is widely viewed as an expert in explaining Windows and Windows technology. Paul has written more than 40 books that have sold nearly three million copies worldwide, including Microsoft Windows Vista Unleashed, available January 2007.
Rapid and brief communication: Laplacian linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Hong Tang, Tao Fang, Peng-Fei Shi
Venue: Pattern Recognition (2006)

A novel linear discriminant criterion function is proved to be equal to Fisher's criterion function. The analysis of the function is linked to spectral decomposition of the Laplacian of a graph. Moreover, the function is maximized using two algorithms. Experimental results show the effectiveness and some specific characteristics of our algorithms.
A note on rational arithmetic
Authors: Peter Kornerup
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1979)

A recent paper in SIGMICRO [1] contained a comparison of the accuracy of floating point vs. rational representations, which is very unfair to the latter. The format chosen for rational numbers utilizes 16 bits for numerators and 16 bits for denominators. This implies that the spacing between consecutive numbers in the system is in most cases of the order 2-32. Only around simple rational numbers (e.g. 1/1, 2/3) is the spacing of the order 2-16. However the rounding algorithm presented in [1] will almost certainly introduce a rounding error of the order 2-16, i.e. introduce an error which in most cases is of the order 216 larger than necessary.
Design automation and engineering organization structures
Authors: Richard Segal
Venue: ACM SIGDA Newsletter (1983)

Design automation over the years has taken many forms. Engineering projects of every description have been targeted by computer specialists as systems which might benefit from automation. Today, several major firms are marketing CAD/CAM systems in a big way. Electrical design workstations and mechanical part workstations and data bases have been most successful and these companies are continually refining and improving their systems looking towards the future. Though there are many consulting firms available to assist in the automation of an interested engineering organization, many project managers still resist the automation tide. This paper is an exploration of several areas which will need to be addressed in the years to come if automation is to be successfully applied to even the most complex of engineering undertakings. The exploration is facilitated through the elucidation of important structures which appear in engineering organizations. The hope is that through the understanding of these implicit structures, computational systems can be built which reflect these structures and thereby provide additional project coherence. The primary areas affected are management, verification, inter-module communication and integration. This work is continuing under the leadership of Dr. F.B. Thompson at the California Institute of Technology.
Control of hourglass modes in prisms with pentagons or hexagons as bases
Authors: G. Duchateau, V. Bergeaud, S. Gaiffe, B. Scheurer
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2006)

A Flanagan-Belytschko-type method [D.P. Flanagan, T. Belytschko, A uniform strain hexahedron and quadrilateral with orthogonal hourglass control, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 17 (1981) 679-706] of hourglass control in prisms with pentagons or hexagons as bases is addressed. This hourglass control is based on the description of strain-displacement modes through an orthogonal basis set as it is described in the paper of Margolin and Pyun for 2D quadrilateral cells [L.G. Margolin, J.J. Pyun, A method for treating hourglass patterns, in: C.T. Taylor, N.M. Hafey (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Laminar and Turbulent Flow, Montreal, Canada, 1987]. In this generalized approach, using shape functions is not necessary anymore. It follows that elements for which regular isoparametric shape functions do not exist can be treated. The method may also be used to handle usual element classes such as pyramids, prisms with triangles as bases and hexahedra. Results for the spherical problem are given.
Tailoring an architectural middleware platform to a heterogeneous embedded environment
Authors: Sam Malek, Chiyoung Seo, Nenad Medvidovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Software engineering and middleware (2006)

Embedded systems are rapidly growing in size, complexity, distribution, and heterogeneity. As a result, the traditional practice of developing one-off embedded applications that are often rigid and unmanageable is no longer acceptable. Recent studies have suggested that an effective approach to developing software systems in this domain is to employ the principles of software architecture. However, for software architectural concepts to be truly useful in a development setting, they must be accompanied by support for their implementation and evolution. This has motivated our work over the past several years on an architectural middleware, called Prism-MW, that provides implementation-level support for the development of software systems in terms of the software architectural constructs (e.g., components, connectors). Prism-MW was initially developed in Java and used in several domains. Recently, as part of an on-going project, we were required to implement Prism-MW in ANSI C++. This experience proved to be more challenging than we initially anticipated, mainly due to the inherent heterogeneity of the computing substrate. As a result of this experience, we had to reconsider some of our earlier assumptions of what constitutes an architectural middleware and its role in the software development process. In this paper, we provide an overview of our experience and the lessons we have learned along the way.
The TerraMax autonomous vehicle: Field Reports
Authors: Deborah Braid, Alberto Broggi, Gary Schmiedel
Venue: Journal of Robotic Systems (2006)

The TerraMax vehicle is based on Oshkosh Truck's Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement truck platform and was one of the five vehicles able to successfully reach the finish line of the 132 miles DARPA Grand Challenge desert race. Due to its size (30 000 pounds, 27&prime; 0&Prime; long, 8&prime; 4&Prime; wide, and 8&prime; 2&Prime; high) and the narrow passages, TerraMax had to travel slowly, but its capabilities demonstrated the maturity of the overall system. Rockwell Collins developed, integrated, and installed the intelligent Vehicle Management System, which includes vehicle sensor management, navigation, and vehicle control systems. The University of Parma provided the vehicle's vision system, while Oshkosh Truck Corp. provided project management, system integration, low level controls hardware, modeling and simulation support, and the vehicle. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Student performance in an objectives-based course using computer-assisted instruction
Authors: Stephen K. Lower
Venue: ACM SIGCUE Outlook (1975)

Numerous attempts have been made to assess the "effectiveness" of innovative teaching techniques such as audio-tutorial methods and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The results of such studies turn out to be quite variable, sometimes showing improved student performance, and sometimes not. One reason for this rather disturbing variance may arise from the common practice of comparing the performance of two groups of students differing only in that one group is exposed to the new technique and the other is not. Many instructional media, particularly those that emphasize individual study, cannot be exploited to their maximum effectiveness when they are used in conjunction with an otherwise "conventional" lecture-oriented course format. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
C Programming (Visual QuickStart Guide)
Authors: Larry Ullman, Marc Liyanage
Venue:  (2004)

It's no secret: When it comes to learning a programming language, Larry Ullman is the man you want at your side! As the best-selling author of guides to PHP, MySQL, and more, he's proved that programming doesn't have to be painful, especially when it comes to a language that is at its core both simple and small. We're talking, of course, about C, and if you want to learn it fast (not to mention well), this book provides the key. Joined by co-author and fellow programmer Marc Liyanage, this author team tackles both programming fundamentals and the ABCs of C itself through a series of task-based lessons that use step-by-step instructions and a plethora of visual aids to make C if not instantly accessible, then almost. This book uses friendly, straightforward language to explain every aspect of this fundamental technology: from basic syntax and data types to working with numbers, characters, loops, and arrays; creating functions; using the C preprocessor; file input and output; and more.
Linux Kernel in a Nutshell (In a Nutshell (O'Reilly))
Authors: Greg Kroah-Hartman
Venue:  (2006)

Written by a leading developer and maintainer of the Linux kernel, Linux Kernel in a Nutshell is a comprehensive overview of kernel configuration and building, a critical task for Linux users and administrators.No distribution can provide a Linux kernel that meets all users' needs. Computers big and small have special requirements that require reconfiguring and rebuilding the kernel. Whether you are trying to get sound, wireless support, and power management working on a laptop or incorporating enterprise features such as logical volume management on a large server, you can benefit from the insights in this book.Linux Kernel in a Nutshell covers the entire range of kernel tasks, starting with downloading the source and making sure that the kernel is in sync with the versions of the tools you need. In addition to configuration and installation steps, the book offers reference material and discussions of related topics such as control of kernel options at runtime.A key benefit of the book is a chapter on determining exactly what drivers are needed for your hardware. Also included are recipes that list what you need to do to accomplish a wide range of popular tasks.
Model-based diagnosis for open systems fault management
Authors: F. Steimann, P. Fröhlich, W. Nejdl
Venue: AI Communications (1999)

The information model chosen by the ISO for the management of open systems is object&dash;oriented. We provide an effective mapping from the structural and behavioural specification of the managed objects of open systems to a compact logical form suitable for model&dash;based diagnosis. Based thereon, we present an efficient algorithm that localizes faults by repairing logical models invalidated through system observations and show that it computes all minimal diagnoses.
Robotic telecommunication system based on facial information measurement
Authors: Junichi Ido, Etsuko Ueda, Yoshio Matsumoto, Tsukasa Ogasawara
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2007)

This paper proposes a multi-modal telecommunication system using a facial expression robot. We developed a telecommunication system which projects the facial expression of an operator to a remote place using the facial expression robot "Infanoid2." The facial information of the operator is measured using a stereo camera system and projected through a robot in order to communicate with another person in a remote location. Impression evaluation experiment is performed using this system. This paper discusses the effectiveness of robots as a telecommunication medium based on the experimental results.
Developability-preserved free-form deformation of assembled patches
Authors: Charlie C. L. Wang, Kai Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications (2004)

A novel and practical approach is presented in this paper that solves a constrained free-form deformation (FFD) problem where the developability of the tessellated embedded surface patches is preserved during the lattice deformation. The formulated constrained FFD problem has direct application in areas of product design where the surface developability is required, such as clothing, ship hulls, automobile parts, etc. In the proposed approach, the developability-preserved FFD problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. Different from other contained FFD approaches, the positions of lattice control points are not modified in our algorithm -- as their control is insufficient in regards to the developability of all the nodes in the mesh. Moreover, the optimization is performed on the parameters of the mesh nodes rather than directly modifying their 3D coordinates, which avoids the time-consuming inverse calculation of the parameters of every node in a non-parallelepiped control lattice when further deformations are required.