ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Modelling situations in intelligent agents
Authors: John Thangarajah, Lin Padgham, Sebastian Sardina
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

BDI agent systems and languages such as PRS, JAM, JACK, 3APL, and AgentSpeak have been widely used in developing robust and exible applications in dynamic domains. However, one criticism of these systems is that the modelling of how agent reasoning progresses is too reliant on the rather low level notion of individual events. In our own work in a number of application areas, we have consistently noticed a need for a more abstract concept, which we call a situation. Recognition by the agent that it is in a particular situation may affect the goals that it has, may place overarching constraints on how it operates, or may influence the way that it chooses to achieve its goals.
Performance Evaluation of the IEEE 802.16 MAC for QoS Support
Authors: Claudio Cicconetti, Alessandro Erta, Luciano Lenzini, Enzo Mingozzi
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2007)

The IEEE 802.16 is a standard for broadband wireless communication in Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). To meet the QoS requirements of multimedia applications, the IEEE 802.16 standard provides four different scheduling services: Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS), real-time Polling Service (rtPS), non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS), and Best Effort (BE). The paper is aimed at verifying, via simulation, the effectiveness of rtPS, nrtPS, and BE (but UGS) in managing traffic generated by data and multimedia sources. Performance is assessed for an IEEE 802.16 wireless system working in Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) mode, with Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), and with full-duplex Subscriber Stations (SSs). Our results show that the performance of the system, in terms of throughput and delay, depends on several factors. These include the frame duration, the mechanisms for requesting uplink bandwidth, and the offered load partitioning, i.e., the way traffic is distributed among SSs, connections within each SS, and traffic sources within each connection. The results also highlight that the rtPS scheduling service is a very robust scheduling service for meeting the delay requirements of multimedia applications.
Towards scalable and robust distributed intrusion alert fusion with good load balancing
Authors: Zhichun Li, Yan Chen, Aaron Beach
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Large-scale attack defense (2006)

Traffic anomalies and distributed attacks are commonplace in today's networks. Single point detection is often insufficient to determine the causes, patterns and prevalence of such events. Most existing distributed intrusion detection systems (DIDS) rely on centralized fusion, or distributed fusion with unscalable communication mechanisms. In this paper, we propose to build a DIDS based on the emerging decentralized location and routing infrastructure: distributed hash table (DHT). We embed the intrusion symptoms into the DHT dimensions so that alarms related to the same intrusion (thus with similar symptoms) will be routed to the same sensor fusion center (SFC) while evenly distributing unrelated alarms to different SFCs. This is achieved through careful routing key design based on: 1) analysis of essential characteristics of four common types of intrusions: DoS attacks, port scanning, virus/worm infection and botnets; and 2) distribution and stability analysis of the popular port numbers and those of the popular source IP subnets in scans. We further propose several schemes to distribute the alarms more evenly across the SFCs, and improve the resiliency against the failures or attacks. Evaluation based on one month of DShield firewall logs (600 million scan records) collected from over 2200 worldwide providers show that the resulting system, termed Cyber Disease DHT (CDDHT), can effectively fuse related alarms while distributing unrelated ones evenly among the SFCs. It significantly outperforms the traditional hierarchical approach when facing large amounts of diverse intrusion alerts.
A Semantic Future for AI
Authors: Rudi Studer, Anupriya Ankolekar, Pascal Hitzler, York Sure
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Computing must become much more human centered--for example, by presenting personalized information to users and by respecting personal preferences when controlling multiple devices or invoking various services. Appropriate representation of the information's semantics and of the functionality of devices and services will be critical to such personalized computing. Symbolic artificial intelligence techniques provide the method of choice for the required semantic-representation and reasoning capabilities.
ExpressEther - Ethernet-Based Virtualization Technology for Reconfigurable Hardware Platform
Authors: Jun Suzuki, Yoichi Hidaka, Junichi Higuchi, Takashi Yoshikawa, Atsushi Iwata
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects (2006)

We propose ExpressEther as Ethernet-based virtualization technology for a reconfigurable hardware platform. It groups modularized hardware resources interconnected by an Ethernet, and transports a PCI Express (PCIe) packet between the grouped modules by encapsulating it into an Ethernet frame. The configuration of the group is dynamically reconfigured by an Ethernet connection, followed by standardized PCIe hot-plug event. Such reconfigurability enables sharing of a physical resource among computer entities. We demonstrate that an I/O device is shared by servers, using our developed prototype consisted of an interface card and I/O concentrator. A commercially available server and serial ATA card are used for the demonstration, without any change for an operating system, device driver, PCIe interface, and Ethernet switch. The benchmark of I/O performance shows at most 16% degradation, which is caused by the implementation matters of our prototype. No degradation is measured when data flow from an I/O to a server.
Distrust
Authors: Piotr Cofta
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

Trust has been attracting a significant attention, both in its sociological and technical aspect. Distrust, the necessary counter-partner of trust, has not been a primary research target. This situation has led to significant shortage of research discussion about distrust. The paper discusses distrust from the perspective of the complexity-based model of confidence to demonstrate how trust and distrust can be interpreted and how they can coexist within the model.
Dynamic Diaschisis: Anatomically Remote and Context-Sensitive Human Brain Lesions
Authors: C. J. Price, E. A. Warburton, C. J. Moore, R. S. J. Frackowiak, K. J. Friston
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

Functional neuroimaging was used to investigate how lesions to the Broca's area impair neuronal responses in remote undamaged cortical regions. Four patients with speech output problems, but relatively preserved comprehension, were scanned while viewing words relative to consonant letter strings. In normal subjects, this results in left lateralized activation in the posterior inferior frontal, middle temporal, and posterior inferior temporal cortices. Each patient activated normally in the middle temporal region but abnormally in the damaged posterior inferior frontal cortex and the undamaged posterior inferior temporal cortex. In the damaged frontal region, activity was insensitive to the presence of words but in the undamaged posterior inferior temporal region, activity decreased in the presence of words rather than increasing as it did in the normal individuals. The reversal of responses in the left posterior inferior temporal region illustrate the context-sensitive nature of the abnormality and that failure to activate the left posterior temporal region could not simply be accounted for by insufficient demands on the underlying function. We propose that, in normal individuals, visual word presentation changes the effective connectivity among reading areas and, in patients, posterior temporal responses are abnormal when they depend upon inputs from the damaged inferior frontal cortex. Our results serve to introduce the concept of dynamic diaschisis; the anatomically remote and context-sensitive effects of focal brain lesions. Dynamic diaschisis reveals abnormalities of functional integration that may have profound implications for neuropsychological inference, functional anatomy and, vicariously, cognitive rehabilitation.
An Adaptive Implementation of the Kernel-Based Object Tracking Method
Authors: Weng Muyun, He Mingyi, Zhang Yifan
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

Object tracking is one of the critical tasks in computer vision. The kernel-based object tracking (KBOT), employed an isotropic kernel to spatially mask the feature histogram-based target representations, is attractive for its ability toward to a real-time object tracking. In this paper, an adaptive dynamic updating principle of target model is proposed to improve the algorithm. Experiment results in implementation of the improved algorithm shown that the new method can improve the performance of the KBOT. Not only can it successfully cope with camera motion, background clutter, and target partial occlusions, rotation, scale variations, but also can be applied to rigid objects as well as nonrigid objects in visual tracking.
Continuous refinement of agent resource estimates
Authors: David N. Morley, Karen L. Myers, Neil Yorke-Smith
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

The challenge we address is to reason about projected resource usage within a hierarchical task execution framework in order to improve agent effectiveness. Specifically, we seek to define and maintain maximally informative guaranteed bounds on projected resource requirements, in order to enable an agent to take full advantage of available resources while avoiding problems of resource conflict. Our approach is grounded in well-understood techniques for resource projection over possible paths through the plan space of an agent, but introduces three technical innovations. The first is the use of multi-fidelity models of projected resource requirements that provide increasingly more accurate projections as additional information becomes available. The second is execution-time refinement of initial bounds through pruning possible execution paths and variable domains based on the current world and execution state. The third is exploitation of additional semantic information about tasks that enables improved bounds on resource consumption. In contrast to earlier work in this area, we consider an expressive procedure language that includes complex control constructs and parameterized tasks. The approach has been implemented in the SPARK agent system and is being used to improve the performance of an operational intelligent assistant application.
The task selection mechanism for interactive robots: Application to the intelligent life supporting system: Research Articles
Authors: Seung-Min Baek, Daisuke Tachibana, Fumihito Arai, Toshio Fukuda, Takayuki Matsuno
Venue: International Journal of Intelligent Systems (2006)

The essential challenge in the future ubiquitous networks is to make information available to people not only at any time, at any place, and in any form, but with the right thing at the right time in the right way by inferring the users' situations. Several psychological experiments show that there are some associations between each user's situations including the user's emotions and each user's task selection. Utilizing those results, this article presents a situation-based task selection mechanism that enables a life-supporting robot system to perform tasks based on the user's situation. Stimulated by interactions between the robot and the user, this mechanism constructs and updates the association between the user's situation and tasks so that the robot can adapt to the user's behaviors related to the robot's tasks effectively. For the user adaptation, Radial Basis Function Networks (RBFNs) and associative learning algorithms are used. The proposed mechanism is applied to the CRF3 (Character robot face 3) system to prove its feasibility and effectiveness. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 973&ndash;1004, 2006.
Matlab-C++ Interface for a Flexible Arm Manipulator Simulation Using Multi-Language Techniques
Authors: Maricela Gamino, J. Carlos Pedraza, Juan M. Ramos, Efren Gorrostieta
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In this paper a multi-language technique to simulate the behavior of a pneu-matic-driven flexible manipulator is proposed. The selected flexible manipulator has one degree of freedom. First, a way to interact between two programming languages is presented, by taking advantage of each language benefits in order to facilitate the development of a complex system simulation tool. Later, the ma-nipulator structure was developed using a CAD software, and then the VRML file was obtained and used as a description of the system. Next, Matlab perform the manipulator mechanism direct kinematics and C++ is used to show the re-sults with the help of the OpenGL graphic libraries.
ECG data compression by multiscale peak analysis
Authors: M. Nakashizuka, H. Kikuchi, H. Makino, I. Ishii
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

The paper presents an ECG data compression technique using multiscale peak analysis. The authors define multiscale peak analysis as the wavelet maxima representation of which the basic wavelet is the second derivative of a symmetric smoothing function. The wavelet transform of an ECG shows maxima at the start, peak and stop points of five transient waves P through T. The number of wavelet maxima is expected to be less than the number of original data samples. The wavelet maxima can be enough to reconstruct original signals precisely. The wavelet maxima representation can lead to ECG data compression and analysis. The compressed data still keep the peaks of QRS waves, and abnormal behavior search will be feasible in practice. The result of the compression shows that a normal ECG data is compressed by a factor 10.
The estimation and HMM tracking of weak narrowband signals
Authors: B. G. Quinn, R. F. Barrett, S. J. Searle
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

In low signal to noise regimes long time sequences are generally needed to estimate and track the frequency of a sinusoid accurately. In this paper, we propose and analyse techniques which use only the complex Fourier coefficients from fixed length time samples. The tracking technique is constructed under Markovian assumptions on the true frequency. The techniques are illustrated with Markovian and Doppler examples.
Driving into the Future with ITS
Authors: Fei-Yue Wang
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

Over the past two decades, intelligent transportation systems have integrated a broad range of AI-based technologies into both the transportation infrastructure and vehicles themselves. The future will include smart cars on smart roads and agent-based ITS control. Many existing transportation problems still call for AI techniques to achieve cost-effective solutions, and emerging issues will depend even more on AI solutions. AI will play a critical role in our drive to future intelligent transportation systems. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.
Accomplishing deterministic XML query optimization
Authors: Dun-Ren Che
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2005)

As the popularity of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) keeps growing rapidly, the management of XML compliant structured-document databases has become a very interesting and compelling research area. Query optimization for XML structured-documents stands out as one of the most challenging research issues in this area because of the much enlarged optimization (search) space, which is a consequence of the intrinsic complexity of the underlying data model of XML data. We therefore propose to apply deterministic transformations on query expressions to most aggressively prune the search space and fast achieve a sufficiently improved alternative (if not the optimal) for each incoming query expression. This idea is not just exciting but practically attainable. This paper first provides an overview of our optimization strategy, and then focuses on the key implementation issues of our rule-based transformation system for XML query optimization in a database environment. The performance results we obtained from experimentation show that our approach is a valid and effective one.
Efficient Formation of Edge Cache Groups for Dynamic Content Delivery
Authors: Lakshmish Ramaswamy, Ling Liu, Jianjun Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Cost-effective cooperation among a network of edge caches is widely accepted as an effective mechanism for enhancing the scalability, performance, and reliability of edge cache networks. However, the problem of how to form cache groups for achieving effective and efficient cooperation in edge cache networks has largely been unexplored. In this paper, we identify two important factors that need to be considered while forming cooperative groups, namely, network proximities of edge caches and network distances of the caches to the origin server. We propose two novel cache clustering schemes for accurately partitioning the caches of a given edge cache network into specified number of cache groups. The first scheme, called the Selective Landmarks scheme (SL scheme), accurately partitions the edge cache network into cooperative groups based on the network proximities of the caches. The second cache group formation scheme, called Server Distance sensitive Selective Landmarks scheme (SDSL scheme), provides a careful combination network proximities and server distances. Our experiments indicate that the proposed techniques can yield significant performance benefits.
An approach to human behavior modeling in an Air Force simulation
Authors: Brooke H. McNally
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

This paper presents a multi-level approach to incorporating more realistic human behavior models into military simulation environments. The Air Force is incorporating different levels of intelligent agents within the Enhanced Air-to-air Air-to-Ground Linked Environment Simulation (EAAGLES) to represent the human decision making processes required in military simulations. This will provide user's the ability to determine at what level of fidelity they need to represent human behavior to achieve their study objectives. EAAGLES is currently incorporating two mental models - Situational Assessment Model for Pilot in the Loop Evaluation (SAMPLE) and Soar. This paper will present an introduction to these mental models and discuss how they can be used in the EAAGLES environment. This paper will also introduce and discuss the difficulties associated with validating human behavior models that are used in military simulations.
Interdomain Routing as Social Choice
Authors: Ronny R. Dakdouk, Semih Salihoglu, Hao Wang, Haiyong Xie, Yang Richard Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International ConferenceWorkshops on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Interdomain routing is essential to both the stability and efficiency of the global Internet. However, most previous studies focus only on stability, and only on a special class of routing protocols, namely BGP-type, path-vector protocols. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis of interdomain routing considering optimality and implementation in strategic settings. We adopt the novel perspective that an interdomain routing system is one which defines a social choice rule that aggregates individual preferences of all of the autonomous systems (ASes) in a network to select interdomain routes with a set of desirable properties. An interdomain routing protocol, then, is a mechanism to implement the identified interdomain routing social choice rule, when the ASes can adopt strategic actions. By pointing out the incompatibility among the desirable properties of an interdomain routing system and the requirements for strategic implementation in distributed settings, we reveal fundamental tradeoffs that must be made when extending BGP or designing the next-generation interdomain routing system. We also provide new insights into BGP, by "reverseengineering" its behaviors from the perspective of social choice and implementation theory.
Place, sense of place, and presence
Authors: Phil Turner, Susan Turner
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2006)

Recreating real places--as distinct from virtual spaces or environments--using virtual reality technology raises a series of significant challenges. Fortunately there is a large body of existing research into the experience of place which might reasonably contribute to our understanding of the task. This paper reviews key aspects of the place literature, relates them to the concept of presence, and then illustrates their application in the context of virtual reality. We conclude that some modification of existing theories of sense of place is necessary for this context and outline proposals for further work.
Affective effects of program visualization
Authors: Gil Ebel, Mordechai Ben-Ari
Venue: Proceedings of the second international workshop on Computing education research (2006)

Developers of program visualization (PV) systems generally claim positive affective effects of PV usage such as increased motivation. This work attempts to characterize and measure these effects. The methodology is based on video analysis of classroom activity for behavior patterns that are associated with uncooperative attitude and attention loss. These patterns are correlated with the different learning and teaching activities that occur. The results show a near-total reduction in "bad" behavior while using PV, supporting the positive affective effects claimed for PV.
Optimal deadline assignment for periodic real-time tasks in dynamic priority systems
Authors: Patricia Balbastre, Ismael Ripoll, Alfons Crespo
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (2006)

Real-time systems are often designed using a set of periodic task. Task periods are usually set by the system requirements, but deadlines and computation times can be modified in order to improve system performance. Sensitivity analysis in real-time systems has focused on changes in task computation times, using fixed priority analysis. Only a few studies deal with the modification of deadlines in dynamic-priority scheduling. The aim of this work is to provide a sensitivity analysis for task deadlines in the context of dynamic-priority, pre-emptive, uniprocessor scheduling. In this paper, we present a deadline minimisation method that achieves the maximum reduction. As undertaken in other studies concerning computation times, we also define and calculate the critical scaling factor for task deadlines. Our proposal is evaluated and compared with other works in terms of jitter: The deadline minimisation can be used to strongly reduce jitter of control tasks, in a real-time control application.