ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Tutorial T7B: RF Analysis and Simulation with Focus on RF SiP Methodology
Authors: Sanjay Gupta, Taranjit Kukal, Alok Tripathi, Raja Mitra, Ashish Patni, Siddarth Shetty
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

Radio Frequency (RF) involves complexities in the circuit design. Non-linearity issues in active as well as passive circuit designs and issues such as parasitic couplings and radiation effects introduce challenges in the RF circuit designs. Besides these, engineers face challenges, such as reduction in design cycle, overall development cost, and the time to market. To address these challenges, RF designs require extensive analysis and simulations techniques, as well as special measurement techniques. Traditionally, at the system level, separate groups design ICs and packages. However, cost, time-to-market issues, and ever-growing package complexity in the nanometer design space demand close collaboration between design groups. System level integration with SiP requires design flows and methodologies that bridge the gap between IC design and package design. An RF SiP is a complete functional system or sub system that includes multiple ICs from different or same process technology, and embedded passives connected using a complex RF structure. This system or sub system can either be packaged as an IC and mounted or integrated into a PCB. This tutorial will first introduce the basic understanding and challenges in RF system designs. This will be followed by the discussion on the analysis, simulation and measurement techniques used for RF designs. Finally, the tutorial would talk about the RF SiP flow and the design methodology. An RF SiP design example will be used to discuss various aspects of SiP, interfaces between IC layout and SiP layout, embedded components, interconnects, constraints, SiP level routing, design rule checks and RF SiP level simulation. In the next generation nanometer designs, the RF SiP design flow and methodology will be critical to meet the overall design requirements.
Detection and encoding of occluded areas in very low bit rate video coding
Authors: T. Ozcelik
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

One of the challenging problems that most existing video codecs face today is the encoding of the information pertaining to the occluded areas, i.e., the areas which are covered or uncovered by moving objects. The existing techniques necessitate the transmission of the position information of the occluded areas following the detection process, which can constitute a large overhead in bandwidth consumption. In addition, these detection techniques fail under noisy conditions. On the other hand, no effort was made to incorporate the spatio-temporal correlation that exists between motion fields of consecutive frames. A new method to detect the occluded areas is described. In this method, the decoder is given additional intelligence to extract the position information of the occluded areas, thus reducing the bandwidth needed to transmit the occlusion information significantly. According to the proposed method, the temporal correlation of the motion fields is exploited. The proposed method is robust under noisy conditions and provides a computationally simple solution.
A novel self-sensitive SFM for nondestructive measurement of tiny vertical surfaces with restricted access
Authors: T. Kobayashi, X. C. Shan, Y. Murakoshi, R. Maeda
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

This paper presents a novel scanning force microscope (SFM) for the nondestructive measurement of tiny micromachined vertical surfaces, which conventional SFMs or other instruments cannot access without destruction. In addition to its access flexibility, our SFM uses the self-sensitive cantilever for sensing its own deflections. As a result, it can access tiny areas and restricted locations for measuring the features of microstructures; for example, the surfaces of a tiny vertical reflecting mirror, the inside walls of a small hole and the inner surfaces of a micro mold insert. The SFM has been successfully used in evaluating the vertical reflecting surfaces of silicon mirrors, the side walls of cavities in a micro mold and the vertical reflecting surfaces of embossed polymer mirrors with a dimension of 500 /spl mu/m long/spl times/100 /spl mu/m wide/spl times/200 /spl mu/m deep (high). In this paper, details of the design and instrumentation of our SFM, and how it is used for monitoring the process for fabricating a polymer-based optical switch will be presented.
Component-Based System Integration via (Meta)Model Composition
Authors: Krishnakumar Balasubramanian, Douglas C. Schmidt, Zoltan Molnar, Akos Ledeczi
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (2007)

This paper provides three contributions to the study of functional integration of distributed enterprise systems. First, we describe the challenges associated with functionally integrating the software of these systems. Second, we describe how the composition of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) can simplify the functional integration of enterprise distributed systems by enabling the combination of diverse middleware technologies. Third, we demonstrate how composing DSMLs can solve functional integration problems by reverse engineering an existing CORBA Component Model (CCM) system and exposing it as Web Service(s) to web clients who use these services. This paper shows that functional integration done using (meta)model composition provides significant benefits with respect to automation, reusability, and scalability compared to conventional integration processes and methods.
Analyzing the benefits of protocol offload by full-system simulation
Authors: Andres Ortiz, Julio Ortega, Antonio F. Diaz, Alberto Prieto
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (2007)

Due to the network technology advances, an orderof- magnitude jump has been produced in the network bandwidth. This fact has reawake the interest in protocol offloading (particularly in protocols such as TCP, that require a lot of CPU resources to process the stack), since network communication is one key factor for the system performance. Nevertheless, there are controversial studies on protocol offloading benefits, and much research work on offloading, particulary on TCP offloading as it has been the main transport protocol for many years, and in fact, it is the most used protocol in the networks. This paper describes a model to simulate by Simics the protocol offloading technique to keep low the communication overheads on the host CPU. The simulation platform provided by Simics can be used for a functional system simulation, including the application program, the operating system, the protocol stack and the device drivers, since networkoriented applications require a full-system simulation. As Simics does not provide a detailed network I/O model, in this paper we describe the way we have generated a model that allows the simulation of the offloading effects.
Hierarchical subband linear predictive cepstral (HSLPC) features for HMM-based speech recognition
Authors: R. Chengalvarayan
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

A new approach for linear prediction (LP) analysis is explored, where predictor can be computed from a mel-warped subband-based autocorrelation functions obtained from the power spectrum. For spectral representation a set of multi-resolution cepstral features are proposed. The general idea is to divide up the full frequency-band into several subbands, perform the IDFT on the mel power spectrum for each subband, followed by Durbin's algorithm and the standard conversion from LP to cepstral coefficients. This approach can be extended to several levels of different resolutions. Multi-resolution feature vectors, formed by concatenation of the subband cepstral features into an extended feature vector, are shown to yield better performance than the conventional mel-warped LPCCs over the full voice-bandwidth for a connected digit recognition task. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Nonlinear color image restoration using extended radial basis function networks
Authors: Inhyok Cha
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

We investigate a nonlinear technique for restoration of images distorted in color and space, using a class of extended radial basis function networks called the Gaussian mixture basis function networks (GMBFN). We report computer simulation results that indicate usefulness of this new approach.
Feature extraction and sufficient statistics in detection and classification
Authors: E. C. Real
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

The effectiveness of sufficient statistics as features in the detection/classification process is studied. The concept of a sufficient statistic is reviewed and an empirical method of developing an 'apparent' sufficient statistic from training data is offered. Examples of the performance enhancement achieved when using such statistics on real world data in both linear and neural network classifiers are given.
Type-level Computation Using Narrowing in Ωmega
Authors: Tim Sheard
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

@Wmega is an experimental system that combines features of both a programming language and a logical reasoning system. @Wmega is a language with an infinite hierarchy of computational levels. Terms at one level are classified (or typed) by terms at the next higher level. In this paper we report on using two different computational mechanisms. At the value level, computation is performed by reduction, and is largely unconstrained. At all higher levels, computation is performed by narrowing.
Using Annotated Policy Documents as a User Interface for Process Management
Authors: Alan S. Abrahams, David M. Eyers
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Natural language policy documents are frequently used as starting point for requirements capture, leading to computer systems that manage process management within organisations. Rather than modelling explicit workflow graphs of business processes, this paper proposes presentation of annotated versions of the natural language policy documents as a user interface indicating both the status of task progress and appropriate potential progress routes. A deontic adaptation of the Event Calculus is presented to monitor the normative state of policy compliance. A non-tree-based document annotation scheme is used to allow a natural language text to be linked with a logic program developed to represent its intentions. The approach is demonstrated by the encoding and presentation through a web application of a section of the United States Food and Drugs Administration regulations.
The role of information retrieval in answering complex questions
Authors: Jimmy Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

This paper explores the role of information retrieval in answering "relationship" questions, a new class complex information needs formally introduced in TREC 2005. Since information retrieval is often an integral component of many question answering strategies, it is important to understand the impact of different term-based techniques. Within a framework of sentence retrieval, we examine three factors that contribute to question answering performance: the use of different retrieval engines, relevance (both at the document and sentence level), and redundancy. Results point out the limitations of purely term-based methods to this challenging task. Nevertheless, IR-based techniques provide a strong baseline on top of which more sophisticated language processing techniques can be deployed.
Toward island-of-reliability-driven very-large-vocabulary on-line handwriting recognition using character confidence scoring
Authors: J. F. Pitrelli
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

We explore a novel approach for handwriting recognition tasks whose intrinsic vocabularies are too large to be applied directly as constraints during recognition. Our approach makes use of vocabulary constraints, and addresses the issue that some parts of words may be written more recognizably than others. An initial pass is made with an HMM recognizer, without vocabulary constraints, generating a lattice of character-hypothesis arcs representing likely segmentations of the handwriting signal. Arc confidence scores are computed using a posteriori probabilities. The most confidently recognized characters are used to filter the overall vocabulary, generating a word subset manageable for constraining a second recognition pass. With a vocabulary of 273000 words, we can limit to 50000 words in the second pass and eliminate 39.3% of the word errors made by a one-pass recognizer without vocabulary constraints, and 18.3% of errors made using a fixed 30000-word set.
Selected outreach programs at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Authors: M. B. Walker
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

Through interviews with employees across all divisions of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), this paper provides practical guidelines for developing and offering K-12 and lifelong learning outreach activities related to advanced technologies. To find out more about NCSA outreach from the point of view of the providers, to capture their valuable experiences and to pass them on to others, the authors selected a sample of 16 employees across all NCSA divisions. They were interviewed individually in person, using a qualitative survey research instrument developed by Walker. The 16 employees were asked to focus on a specific outreach activity of their choice where they had active involvement (e.g., teaching, facilitation). They were then asked: (1) to describe the activity, its purpose and audience; (2) if it met intended results; (3) to describe any problems encountered; (4) what they learned from the experience; (5) advice they would give to others doing a similar activity; and (6) general observations on outreach and technology. This paper gives highlights of the outreach activities mentioned by the 16 persons, what they learned by doing them, their practical and candid advice to others wanting to do related outreach activities, and observations about future directions of technology for teaching and scientific endeavors.
Performance analysis of multimedia applications using correlated streams
Authors: Kai Huang, Lothar Thiele
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

In modern embedded systems, data streams are often partitioned into separate sub-streams which are processed on parallel hardware components. To analyze the performance of these systems with high accuracy, correlations between event streams must be taken into account. No methods are known so far that are able to model such a scenario with the desired accuracy. In this paper, we present a new approach to analyze correlations and we embed this analysis method into a well-established modular performance analysis framework. The presented approach enables system-level performance analysis of complete systems by taking into account stream correlations and blocking-read semantics. Experimental results on a hardware-software prototyping system are provided that show the accuracy of the analysis in a practical application.
Authenticating secure tokens using slow memory access
Authors: John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Smartcard Technology on USENIX Workshop on Smartcard Technology (1999)

We present an authentication protocol that allows a token, such as a smart card, to authenticate itself to a back-end trusted computer system through an untrusted reader. This protocol relies on the fact that the token will only respond to queries slowly, and that the token owner will not sit patiently while the reader seems not to be working. This protocol can be used alone, with "dumb" memory tokens or with processor-based tokens.
An Autonomy Oriented Computing (AOC) Approach to Distributed Network Community Mining
Authors: Bo Yang, Jiming Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (2007)

A network community is a special sub-network that contains a group of nodes sharing similar linked patterns. A distributed network community mining problem (D-NCMP) is concerned with finding all such communities from a distributed network. A variety of applications in WWW and ad-hoc networks such as P2P and sensor networks can be formulated into DNCMPs, in which both resources and controls are distributed and/or decentralized. The problem is difficult for some existing methods to deal with because of the fact that their required global topological representations of distributed networks are hard to obtain. In this paper, we present an autonomy oriented computing (AOC) approach [15], in which the nodes and links of a distributed network are distributed among a group of autonomous agents that collectively find global communities hidden in the network. In doing so, the agents maintain only their respective local views and update them through a proposed self-organization process. The effectiveness of the AOC based approach has been validated using network examples.
Writer dependent recognition of on-line unconstrained handwriting
Authors: J. Subrahmonia
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

In this paper, we present a framework for adapting a writer independent system to a user from samples of the user's writing. The writer independent system is modeled using hidden Markov models. Training for a writer involves recomputing the topology and parameters of the hidden Markov models using the writer's data. The framework uses the writer independent system to get an initial alignment of the writer's data. The system described reduces the error rate by an average of 65%. For the results presented, no language model was used.
Balanced-realization based adaptive IIR filtering
Authors: S. G. Sankaran
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

Balanced-realizations are attractive for adaptive filtering, due to their minimum parameter sensitivity and due to their usefulness in model-reduction problems. A balanced-realization based adaptive IIR filtering algorithm is presented. The proposed algorithm uses a stochastic-gradient based search technique to minimize the output error. The algorithm inherently guarantees that the adaptive filter will always remain stable, which obviates the need for the usual stability check after adaptation. Since the algorithm minimizes the output error, the resulting estimates are unbiased. We try to avoid possible convergence to local minima of the output-error surface by using "good" initial estimates, as obtained from equation-error based adaptive filters. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges to the global minimum of the output-error surface.
Adapting Price Negotiations to an E-commerce System Scenario
Authors: Marcin Paprzycki, Maria Ganzha
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (2007)

In our work we have proposed an agent based e-commerce system in which autonomous agents participate in price negotiations. Recently, our work reached the stage when the main ideas behind price negotiations had to be reevaluated. The aim of this paper is to report how we adapt price negotiations mechanisms to match proposed systems characteristics.
Time-varying population based location management schemes
Authors: Huey-Ing Liu, Chung-Chi Yeh
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

Location management including: paging and location update is an important issue for mobile communication systems. The moving behavior of mobile users is frequently used to guide the location management, however, there is a large class of mobile users without regular moving behaviors. This paper focuses on the case that individual mobility pattern is difficult to obtain. We propose location management schemes based on a time varying population of each cell. The time-varying population of each cell demonstrates the macro moving behavior of overall users in its cell. Such a property is also applied to pre-registration so as to reduce the pre-registration cost and realize seamless handoff. To further reduce the paging delay, group paging concept is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed time-varying population location management schemes significantly reduce the cost of location management.
Tacit knowledge and risks
Authors: Bo G&#x00f6;ranzon
Venue: AI Society (2007)

How are risks and disasters prevented in high-technology environments? This is a question that has many facets. In this essay I shall discuss the aspects related to the history of knowledge, and to tacit knowledge in particular.
The role of simulation in the teaching of communications
Authors: W. H. Tranter
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1996)

Faculty from Virginia Tech and the University of Missouri-Rolla, with support from the NSF/CRCD program, are developing a three-course sequence in wireless communications. The third course in the sequence is devoted to the simulation of communication systems. The simulation course not only provides students with the knowledge required to effectively use simulation in the design and analysis process but also, through the use of projects, gives students needed experience in proposal preparation and in research management. A number of MATLAB-based examples, demonstrations and analysis programs are being developed as a part of this effort.
Modulation enhancement of speech as a preprocessing for reverberant chambers with the hearing-impaired
Authors: A. Kusumoto
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

In this paper we report on a method for reducing the degradation of speech intelligibility in public halls caused severe reverberation. Hall reverberation makes speech more difficult to understand, particularly for the hearing-impaired. Our method involves processing the speech audio signal between a microphone and a loudspeaker that radiates the speech into the room. As there is a strong correlation between the modulation spectrum and the intelligibility of speech, we filtered the speech in the modulation frequency domain. Using several modulation filters, we conducted perceptual experiments with hearing-impaired subjects and asked their preference in a church. The experiments indicate that enhancing the modulation frequencies between 2 and 8 Hz improves intelligibility in reverberant environments. The four hearing-impaired subjects rated the processed speech easier to hear than the unprocessed speech.