ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Social Learning Environments: New Challenges for AI in Education
Authors: Julita Vassileva
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

The advance of new social computing technologies (called often Web 2.0) brings new opportunities and challenges for eLearning. They allow us to leverage an endless amount of learning resources, repositories and people --- learners, tutors, and teachers. By wise selection and combination of these resources, the "holy grail" of AI and Education can potentially be achieved --- a personalized, adaptive learning environment. Yet there are many challenges along the way. To combine functionality offered by various applications, protocols are required (e.g. SOAP) and smooth interface integration (e.g. mash-ups). The resources are distributed and decentralized, created by different authors and organizations and following different semantic and annotation agreements. Imposing hard standards is not going to work, if we want to tap into a wide pool of user-contributed resources, which is the key feature of Web 2.0. Combining these resources requires shared meaning, even if just on a limited scale and time, for the purpose at hand. Community-based semantic agreements (ontologies) that are constantly evolving are one way to deal with this problem. User data is collected by many applications that create their own user models. Sharing this data brings many advantages for personalization, but also creates risks related to privacy. Mechanisms for combining user data and taking action need to be developed. Trust and reputation mechanisms and decentralized user modeling address this problem. Finding appropriate data and applications/services for a given learner at a given time is a big issue. Collaborative filtering is a well-established, relatively light-weight technique in areas that do not require interpreting complex user input. However, learning applications require complex user input. Complex models of learner knowledge need to be correlated, and the cold-start / sparse data problem is a serious hurdle. Finally, the most critical problem from my point of view is motivating stakeholders (authors, teachers, tutors, learners) to participate. Without their participation, the pool of resources and learners (peers and collaborators) to interact with will never reach the level of diversity necessary to ensure personalized, adaptive learning environments for a large number of learners. Designing incentive mechanisms for participation can be viewed as a kind of instructional planning, which can be successful in achieving certain levels and quality of participation. The talk provides an overview of these issues and research that addresses them.
Task-Specific Functional Brain Geometry from Model Maps
Authors: Georg Langs, Dimitris Samaras, Nikos Paragios, Jean Honorio, Nelly Alia-Klein, Dardo Tomasi, Nora D. Volkow, Rita Z. Goldstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Part I (2008)

In this paper we propose model maps to derive and represent the intrinsic functional geometry of a brain from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for a specific task. Model maps represent the coherence of behavior of individual fMRI-measurements for a set of observations, or a time sequence. The maps establish a relation between individual positions in the brain by encoding the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal over a time period in a Markov chain. They represent this relation by mapping spatial positions to a new metric space, the model map. In this map the Euclidean distance between two points relates to the joint modeling behavior of their signals and thus the co-dependencies of the corresponding signals. The map reflects the functional as opposed to the anatomical geometry of the brain. It provides a quantitative tool to explore and study global and local patterns of resource allocation in the brain. To demonstrate the merit of this representation, we report quantitative experimental results on 29 fMRI time sequences, each with sub-sequences corresponding to 4 different conditions for two groups of individuals. We demonstrate that drug abusers exhibit lower differentiation in brain interactivity between baseline and reward related tasks, which could not be quantified until now.
Process of Building a Vocabulary for the Infection Domain
Authors: Gayo Diallo, Patty Kostkova, Gawesh Jawaheer, Simon Jupp, Robert Stevens
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2008)

The Semantic Web vision relies on metadata and semantic annotation to be implemented on real world data. Ontologies and ontology-like artefacts are the key component providing necessary knowledge for web document description. Domain ontology building is, however, a difficult and time consuming task. In this paper, we present our process of building an infection domain vocabulary for the National electronic Library of Infection. This paper describes the requirements for the vocabulary development process and the initial results.
A software tool for parametric design of turbomachinery blades
Authors: Georgia N. Koini, Sotirios S. Sarakinos, Ioannis K. Nikolos
Venue: Advances in Engineering Software (2009)

This paper presents a software tool for the conceptual design of turbomachinery bladings named ''T4T'' (Tools for Turbomachinery). It provides the ability to interactively construct parametric 3D blade rows of various types, including for multistage machines. The design procedure is parametric and a variety of different rotating machinery components may be produced. The design parameters used for the blades as well as the hub and shroud surfaces construction correspond to 2D sections. However, the resulting geometries are modeled as NURBS 3D surfaces and can be imported to other CAD or analysis software via standard exchange protocols. The geometry definition is empowered by the object oriented structure of the software and an easy-to-use graphical interface, which makes the design phase a straightforward procedure. The software's structure and geometric algorithms, the blading design procedure, along with sample designs which demonstrate the capabilities of the software, are presented in this paper.
Effective Minimization of Acyclic Phase-Type Representations
Authors: Reza Pulungan, Holger Hermanns
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications (2008)

Acyclic phase-type distributions are phase-type distributions with triangular matrix representations. They constitute a versatile modelling tool, since they (1) can serve as approximations to any continuous distributions, and (2) exhibit special properties and characteristics, which usually result in some ease in analysis. The size of the matrix representation has a strong influence on computational efforts needed when analyzing these distributions. This representation, however, is not unique, and two representations of the same distribution can differ drastically in size. This paper proposes an effective procedure to aggregate the size of the matrix representation without altering the distribution.
The 80387 And Its Applications
Authors: David Perlmutter, Alan Yuen
Venue: IEEE Micro (1987)

While compatible with the 80287, the 80387 works four to six times faster, making it a good bet for use in engineering workstations and real- time, embedded systems.
Power-Aware Data Buffer Cache Management in Real-Time Embedded Databases
Authors: Woochul Kang, Sang H. Son, John A. Stankovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (2008)

The demand for real-time data services in embedded systems is increasing. In these new computing platforms, using traditional buffer management schemes, whose goal is to minimize the number of I/O operations, is problematic since they do not consider the constraints of those platforms such as limited energy and distinctive underlying storage. In particular, due to asymmetric read/write characteristic of flash memory, minimum buffer misses neither coincide with minimum power consumption nor minimum I/O deadline miss ratio. In this paper we propose a power-aware buffer cache management scheme for real-time databases whose secondary storage is a flash memory. We focus on the problem of guaranteeing the performance goal in terms of both I/O power consumption and I/O deadline miss ratio. To address this problem, we propose logical partitioning of the global buffer pool into read and write buffer pools, and dynamic feedback control of read/write buffer pool sizes to satisfy both performance goals. We have shown through an extensive evaluation that our approach satisfies both performance goals in a variety of workloads and access patterns with considerably smaller size of buffer pools compared to baseline approaches.
Proactive Versus Multimodal Online Help: An Empirical Study
Authors: Jérôme Simonin, Noëlle Carbonell
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems (2008)

Two groups of 8 participants experimented two enhancements of standard online help for the general public during one hour: adaptive proactive (AP) assistance and multimodal user support. Proactive help, that is, anticipation of the user's information needs raised very positive judgments, while dynamic adaptation to the user's current knowledge and skills went almost unnoticed. Speech and graphics (SG) messages were also well accepted, based on the observation that one can go on interacting with the software application while listening to instructions. However, several participants observed that the transience and linearity of speech limited the usability of this modality. Analysis of interaction logs and post-tests shows that procedural and semantic knowledge acquisition was higher with SG help than with AP assistance. Contrastingly, AP help was consulted more often than SG user support. Results also suggest that proactive online help may reduce the effectiveness of autonomous "learning by doing" acquisition of unfamiliar software concepts and procedures.
Where to go and what to show: more patterns for a pattern language of interactive information graphics
Authors: Christian Kohls, Tobias Windbrake
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Pattern languages of programs (2006)

Interactive graphics is a useful communication tool, and new software tools make it easier than ever. However, few people know how to use interactive graphics properly, and the new tools just allow them to build bad programs more quickly. This paper describes the start of a pattern language for using interactive graphics to communicate complex topics. It is based on our experience in education, but should also be helpful for modelling news sites, or museum kiosks. The paper describes the structure of the pattern language, lists the 99 patterns that have been found so far, gives brief descriptions of 16 patterns and detailed descriptions of 3.
Preliminary Planning for the 701
Authors: James W. Birkenstock
Venue: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (1983)

Editor's Note: We are publishing a condensation of the first nine pages of a 68-page interview (taped August 12, 1980) of James W. Birkenstock conducted by Erwin Tomash and Roger Steuwer of the Charles Babbage Institute for the History of Information Processing. The full interview and copyright are held by CBI. Birkenstock occupied many important positions in IBM and at the time of the dedication of the 701 was director of product planning and market analysis. I hope that the entire interview of this key figure in the computing industry can be published someday. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Modeling the Effects of Dopamine on the Antisaccade Reaction Times (aSRT) of Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Ioannis Kahramanoglou, Stavros Perantonis, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Ioannis Evdokimidis, Vassilis Cutsuridis
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Part II (2008)

In the antisaccade task, subjects are instructed to look in the opposite direction of a visually presented stimulus. Controls can perform this task successfully with very few errors, whereas schizophrenia patients make more errors and their responses are slower and more variable. It has been proposed the fundamental cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia involves prefrontal dopaminergic hypoactivity. We examine via computer simulations the effects of dopamine on the variability of aSRTs in a neural cortico-collicular accumulator model with stochastic climbing activity. We report the simulated aSRTs for the hypo-DA level have higher standard deviation and mean values than in the normal and hyper DA level. The simulated higher mean and standard deviation for the hypo-DA group resemble the performance differences in the antisaccade task observed in patients with schizophrenia and are in accordance with the theory of a hypo-DA state in the frontal cortical areas of patients with schizophrenia.
Investigation of Influence of Grinding Regimes on Surface Tension State
Authors: Witold Halas, Victor Taranenko, Antoni Swic, Georgij Taranenko
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: New Frontiers in Applied Artificial Intelligence (2008)

The paper presents the methodology of investigation of influence of grinding regimes on surface layer tension state. The mathematical model of creating the final tension in part, based on full factorial experiment is described. The main values of factors are chosen close to practical regimes of grinding for a given materials and intervals for factors changes are calculated from the real process conditions. The estimated parameters and their accuracy are verified by means of Student and Fisher statistical criterion. As the result of investigation is determined that the final stresses of surface after grinding depends mainly on feed.
Whence and Whither: The Automatic Recognition of Emotions in Speech (Invited Keynote)
Authors: Anton Batliner
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems (2008)

In this talk, we first want to sketch the (short) history of the automatic recognition of emotions in speech: studies on the characteristics of emotions in speech were published as early as in the twenties and thirties of the last century; attempts to recognize them automatically began in the mid nineties, dealing with acted data which still are used often - too often if we consider the fact that drawing inferences from acted data onto realistic data is at least sub-optimal.In a second part, we present the necessary `basics': the design of the scenario, the recordings, the manual processing (transliteration, annotation), etc. These basics are to some extent `generic' -- for instance, each speech database has to be transliterated orthographically somehow. Other ones are specific such as the principles and the guidelines for emotion annotation, and the basic choices between, for example, dimensional and categorical approaches. The pros and cons of different annotation approaches have been discussed widely; however, the unit of analysis (utterance, turn, sentence, etc.?) has not yet been dealt with often; thus we will discuss this topic in more detail.In a third part, we will present acoustic and linguistic features that have been used (or should be used) in this field, and touch on the topic of their different degree of relevance.Classification and necessary ingredients such as feature reduction and selection, choice of classifier, and assessment of classification performance, will be addressed in the fourth part.So far, we have been dealing with the `whence' in our title, depicting the state-of-the-art; we will end up the talk with the `whither' in the title -- with promising applications and some speculations on dead end approaches.
Emotion Recognition in Chinese Natural Speech by Combining Prosody and Voice Quality Features
Authors: Shiqing Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks, Part II (2008)

Nowadays, recognition of human emotion is a challenging yet important speech technology. In this paper, based on deriving prosody features from emotional speech, some voice quality features are proposed to be extracted as new emotional features to improve emotion recognition. Utilizing support vector machines classifier, four emotions from Chinese natural emotional speech corpus including anger, joy, sadness and neutral are discriminated by combining prosody and voice quality features. The experiment results show that combining prosody and voice quality features yields an overall accuracy of 76% for emotion recognition, which makes approximately 10% improvement compared with using the single prosody features. It also shows that voice quality features in speech are effective emotional features and can promote prosody features for improving emotion recognition results.
Detection of Speaker Characteristics Using Voice Imitation
Authors: Elisabeth Zetterholm
Venue: Speaker Classification II: Selected Projects (2007)

When recognizing a voice we attend to particular features of the person's speech and voice. Through voice imitation it is possible to investigate which aspects of the human voice need to be altered to successfully mislead the listener. This suggests that voice and speech imitation can be exploited as a methodological tool to find out which features a voice impersonator picks out in the target voice and which features in the human voice are not changed, thereby making it possible to identify the impersonator instead of the target voice. This article examines whether three impersonators, two professional and one amateur, selected the same features and speaker characteristics when imitating the same target speakers and whether they achieved similar degrees of success. The acoustic-auditory results give an insight into how difficult it is to focus on only one or two features when trying to identify one speaker from his voice.
Safety Hazard Identification by Misuse Cases: Experimental Comparison of Text and Diagrams
Authors: Tor Stålhane, Guttorm Sindre
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (2008)

In general, diagrams and text are both considered to have their advantages and disadvantages for the representation of use case models, but this is rarely investigated experimentally. This paper describes a controlled experiment where we compare safety hazard identification by means of misuse cases based on use case diagrams and textual use cases. The experiment participants found use case diagrams and textual use cases equally easy to use. In most cases those who used textual use cases were able to identify more failure modes or threats. The main reason for this seems to be that use cases encourage analysts to specifically focus on threats related to the functions mentioned in the use case, and textual use cases include more functional details than diagrams. The focus is decided by information in each use case which will thus decide the number of threats identified.
Conformal self-organizing map on curved seamless surface
Authors: Cheng-Yuan Liou, Yen-Ting Kuo, Jau-Chi Huang
Venue: Neurocomputing (2008)

This paper presents a new mapping to construct the self-organizing map on the curved seamless surface. This mapping is developed for the planar triangle surface derived from the conformal self-organizing map [C.-Y. Liou, Y.-T. Kuo, Conformal self-organizing map for a genus-zero manifold, Visual Comput. 21(5) (2005) 340-353]. It shows how to construct a seamless surface for the genus-zero manifold. The constructed surface is both seamless and continuous. The mapping between the model surface and the sphere surface is one-to-one and onto. This kind of surface can facilitate many applications of the self-organizing map. We show experiments in surface reconstructions and texture mappings.
The Evolution of Vertical Database Architectures --- A Historical Review (Keynote Talk)
Authors: Per Svensson
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2008)

My intention in this lecture is to discuss the evolution of key concepts behind today's emerging vertical database architectures. The Cantor project [5, 7] pioneered the analysis and coordinated application of many of these concepts in relational systems, which is one reason why references to this work are a recurring theme in what follows. The other reason is that although the work was duly reported in reasonably well-known conference publications, it has left no trace in citations. Thus, from a strictly evolutionary perspective, Cantor was a dead branch which left no progeny, but from a historical perspective it might still provide useful lessons.
Secure Sharing of an ICT Infrastructure through Vinci
Authors: Fabrizio Baiardi, Daniele Sgandurra
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security: Resilient Networks and Services (2008)

Virtual Interacting Network CommunIty (Vinci) is a software architecture that exploits virtualization to share in a secure way an information and communication technology infrastructure among a set of users with distinct security levels and reliability requirements. To this purpose, Vinci decomposes users into communities, each consisting of a set of users, their applications, a set of services and of shared resources. Users with distinct privileges and applications with distinct trust levels belong to distinct communities. Each community is supported by a virtual network, i.e. a structured and highly parallel overlay that interconnects virtual machines (VMs), each built by instantiating one of a predefined set of VM templates. Some VMs of a virtual network run user applications, some protect shared resources, and some others control traffic among communities to discover malware or worms. Further VMs manage the infrastructure resources and configure the VMs at start-up. The adoption of several VM templates enables Vinci to minimize the complexity of each VM and increases the robustness of both the VMs and of the overall infrastructure. Moreover, the security policy that a VM applies depends upon the community a user belongs to. As an example, discretionary access control policies may protect files shared within a community, whereas mandatory policies may rule access to files shared among communities. After describing the overall architecture of Vinci, we present the VM templates and the performance results of a first prototype.
Mining Concept-Drifting Data Streams with Multiple Semi-Random Decision Trees
Authors: Peipei Li, Xuegang Hu, Xindong Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2008)

Classification with concept-drifting data streams has found wide applications. However, many classification algorithms on streaming data have been designed for fixed features of concept drift and cannot deal with the noise impact on concept drift detection. An incremental algorithm with Multiple Semi- Random decision Trees (MSRT) for concept-drifting data streams is presented in this paper, which takes two sliding windows for training and testing, uses the inequality of Hoeffding Bounds to determine the thresholds for distinguishing the true drift from noise, and chooses the classification function to estimate the error rate for periodic concept-drift detection. Our extensive empirical study shows that MSRT has an improved performance in time, accuracy and robustness in comparison with CVFDT, a state-of-the-art decision-tree algorithm for classifying concept-drifting data streams.