ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Measuring the effectiveness of computing services
Authors: John Good, Chris Power, Mary Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

This paper reports aspects of a study of the characteristics of a university computer service, the &ldquo;amateur programmer&rdquo; users of that service, and of the nature of the interaction that exists between them. The aim was to develop both an understanding of these and a tool that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the service provided by any computing service organisation. The criteria used for evaluation were based on two premises: one, that the effectiveness of a computing service is reflected in the degree of satisfaction of its users, and two, that this in turn can be gauged by asking users through questionnaires and interviews how they feel about things. Mathematical techniques were devised to examine the patterns of user responses to a variety of questions about themselves, the facilities they use and their feelings about them. From these patterns factors underlying the overall effectiveness of the service were exposed. These could have important managerial implications, as, for example, in the choice between investment in hardware and software and investment in human support services.
&ldquo;Monte Carlo simulation of crosstalk in communication cables&rdquo;
Authors: A. K. Jain
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

One way of developing a communication cable of new design is to make many experimental cables and to study their path-to-path crosstalk properties. This method is both time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, use is made of evaluating &ldquo;synthetic&rdquo; cables. First, we fit statistical models, which are functions of design parameters, to measurements of crosstalk in one or more experimental cable(s). Then we use these models and estimates of associated components of statistical variability in Monte Carlo simulation of crosstalk thereby enabling the exploration of cable designs different from those of the experimental cables.
Present and future in design automation systems
Authors: Takuo Kitamura, Tadashi Watanabe
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop (1973)

In this paper, the present status of DA system, which is used in designing computers in NEC is introduced, and the development procedure and use of this system are described. Then, on the basis of the actual results of this system, the future problems of DA systems to be solved are also described. In designing the present high speed and large scale-computer, the role of DA systems becomes more and more important because the processing of complex and a great deal of data is requested, and still more accurate, reliable and rapid processing capability is required.
Design of a Development Environment for Web-based Asynchronous and Synchronous Integrated Groupware Systems
Authors: Michiru Tanaka, Yoshimi Teshigawara
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2003)

Asynchronous and asynchronous integrated multimedia conferencing system ASSIST aims for corresponding to both of realtime conferences and non-realtime conferences. Especially, it is designed for effective information sharing by storing realtime conferencing information including multimedia information such as video and audio, and by making relation to conferencing items and information for asynchronous groupware tools such as schedule/task management, e-mail, and BBS. It is significant to construct efficient development environmentfor ASSIST, because it requires much effort to build this kind of systems each time in compliance with various purposes or display devices. We have designed a developmentenvironment for it and developed the prototype. The prototype system is currently focused on the implementation of facilities for asynchronous type groupware, and it makes developers possible to display tables of databases with sortable links for each field into Web browser by writing only a few line statements. In addition, we have considered integration methods for asynchronous and synchronous type Web-based groupware, applying architecture of web-based slide sharing tool which we have already implemented. In this paper, we describethe design of a development environment for Web-based asynchronous and synchronous integrated groupware systems.
Performance potential of communications interface processors
Authors: C. M. Woodside
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on Data communications (1983)

Interface processors are being developed in hardware and firmware for communications protocols at higher and higher levels (HDLC, X.25, Ethernet ...), for smaller and smaller host systems. How far this process will go depends on the driving factors of increased performance and simpler implementation of the systems which use the protocols. A simplified performance model with parameters, which encompasses a large part of all systems using communications, is used to find those parameter combinations offering various degrees of performance improvement. The results can be used to approximately distinguish those cases which will provide the market for performance improvement via higher-level interface processors.
A suggested approach to computer arithmetic for designers of multi-valued logic processors
Authors: D. E. Atkins
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on Multiple-valued logic (1978)

An approach to the topic of computer arithmetic is suggested which may have a particular conceptual, pedagodical, and practical appeal to the designer of multiple-valued logic processors. Computer arithmetic deals with the physical representation of finite sets of numbers and the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms for mechanizing arithmetic operations on these sets. Finite number representation systems (FNRS) are specified by defining a set of symbols and a mapping from the elements of this symbol set to a subset of the real numbers. A formal definition of a FNRS provides a basis for a set of definitions which in turn provide the framework for the classification of a large set of number systems. Emphasis in this paper is on the following positive, fixed radix systems: unsigned, sign and magnitude, radix complement, and diminished radix complement. We offer an annotated listing of primitive digit vector algorithms for the four common number representation systems with an arbitrary, positive integer, fixed radix. These digit vector algorithms are ones which the designer of multi-valued logic arithmetic processors will need to implement to provide general arithmetic computation.
A survey in the selection and capability of personal computers for student use
Authors: Cliff Fiedler
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 1980 annual conference (1980)

Computer prices and performance have undergone radical changes in the last decade. Prior to 1970, a student's only exercise of his programming expertise was, by default, on the University Behemoth. The early appearance of programmable calculators gave the student a powerful and portable personal tool at an affordable price, at the expense of shortening memory to the point where only short routines could be run or only a few data points could be manipulated. Microcomputers stepped in to fill the need for a moderately powerful computer with a medium sized data base. In some cases, microcomputers can provide a data base comparable to the pre-1970 mainframes with current prices in the &dollar;500 to &dollar;5000 range. With the number of small computer suppliers in the hundreds, a bewildering array of products is available to the student with personal data processing needs. Most of the widely distributed microcomputer systems are reviewed, as are some of the more common standalone terminals. Microcomputer hardware systems and their software, teleprocessing equipment, electronic mail, and other services currently marketed to the personal computerist are examined from a student user's point of view.
Data base or data maze? An exploration of entry points
Authors: Susan Brewer
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

What is a data base? An answer to this question could go something like this: &ldquo;a collection of data, organized in some fashion, which is both the source and the repository of its creators' knowledge of a given topic&rdquo;. A library can be a data base; so can a filing cabinet, or a general ledger. However, the current discussion deals primarily with computerized data bases, consisting of individually accessible elements stored on random access storage devices. Within a data base both the organization and the content assume importance. It is not enough to know that a specific data element may be there; one must also know how to find it. Without the knowledge of its organization the data base can assume the discouraging aspect of a data maze.
Student consultants: A key to efficient utilization of computing resources
Authors: Roi F. Prueher
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

I need three consultants for every one I have! We've all uttered something like this at some time. Why not use students? They represent a largely untapped resource on most campuses. But not just any students &mdash; use students who are trained, confident, well-managed, and backed by a professional staff. Students, consulting effectively with faculty, staff, and other students, can extend your scarce resources while increasing the computing competence of your users. This paper reports how one computer center is increasing its effectiveness in consulting while freeing up permanent staff to deal with other matters, which include converting to a new system, developing an education curriculum, continuing system upgrade, establishing microcomputer labs, and implementing a campus-wide network. This paper covers not only the training methods, the three levels of support, and the management tools used in this program but also the type of response this program has received on campus.
AGSICP: An Automated Grading System for the Instruction of Cobol Programming
Authors: Norman M. Aaronson
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

The evaluation and grading of student programs can be difficult and time-consuming for instructors of introductory programming courses. Some work has been done towards automating the correction of programs written in algorithmic languages, but little has been done to solve the problem for instructors of Cobol. The AGSICP system utilizes the batch capabilities of Watbol to set up a procedure for assigning student problems, batching debugging runs, and finally automatically grading each student's completed program by checking diagnostics and comparing the output from the student version against the correct version. The instructor has the capability and responsibility of assigning partial credit for different output fields. Each student's grade report consists of the Watbol diagnostics, any incorrect output lines, and a final grade.
Microprogramming revisited
Authors: Michael J. Flynn, M. Donald McLaren
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

It is the objective of this paper to briefly trace the history of the idea and the difficulties involved with defining or implementing it. In doing this, we first consider the general control problem and instruction formats. Next, storage implementations of the control function are considered and a restricted definition of microprogramming is proposed. This is then evaluated from a technological, architectural and programming point of view. We hope to show that our (demanding) definition of microprogramming is now technologically feasible and attractive from systems considerations.
The simulation of a pipelined event set processor
Authors: John Craig Comfort, Anita Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

The availability of inexpensive, sophisticated processing elements affords the computer system designer the opportunity to create tailored computer systems for specialized applications. In this paper, the authors present a design for a discrete event simulation computer, in which event set manipulation is performed by a pipelined set of microprocessors. A simulation model for the system is presented and the selection of optimal parameters for the system are discussed. The results of the simulation and suggestions for further research are presented.
The project library - a tool for software development
Authors: Ernst Denert
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

The project library presented in this article insures the harmonious development of the documentation for a software system in tandem with the development of the system itself. It offers the programmer a well-defined framework for his work, and gives management an articulate means for planning and control. The structure of the project library is defined by three dimensions: (1) systems structure (modularization), (2) standard organization and (3) development status. The project library has been realized as a system of files on the Programm-Entwicklungs-Terminalsystem PET/X1150 (known in the USA as MAESTRO) and supported by an appropriate variety of PET-procedures. Our experience with the project library, specifically in the START project, has been very positive and instructive.
The use of computer simulation in health care facility design
Authors: O. George Kennedy
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

In this paper a decision-making tool for managers of hospitals and health care facilities, the management sciences technique of computer simulation modeling, is introduced. Its benefits as a planning and evaluative tool for hospital managers is illustrated by explaining a successful modeling application, a computer simulation model of physical therapy, developed at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. With the physical therapy simulation as an example, the advantages of computer simulation modeling for containing costs and improving resource utilization and quality care are illustrated. This paper is based on research supported, in part, by Demonstration Grant No. 12-P-55189/5-01, from the Social and Rehabilitation Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, awarded to the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and HEW-SRS Medical Rehabilitation Research and Training Center Number Twenty.
A Report On The Development Of Gypsy
Authors: Donald I. Good, Richard M. Cohen, Lawrence W. Hunter
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

The first version of Gypsy was introduced in 1976 to support the specification and construction of verified programs. A second version has evolved based on the experiences of the last two years. The changes introduced in the second version are described. Some experiences with the specification and proof methodology are discussed, and the status of the implementation of the Gypsy compiler and verification system is summarized.
Some insights and experiences in teaching team project courses
Authors: Scott N. Woodfield, James S. Collofello
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1983)

A large amount of software development is performed by teams of individuals. To prepare students for these team efforts, many universities are beginning to offer computer science courses in which a software development team project is undertaken. The performance of these teams may be affected by many complex factors. This paper will describe some of our experiences from teaching several different types of project team courses. Factors which affect project team effectiveness will also be discussed.
A general description of the national aeronautics and space administration real time computing complex
Authors: J. E. Hamlin
Venue: Proceedings of the 1964 19th ACM national conference (1964)

Presented is a general description of the Real Time Computer Complex (RTCC), its objectives, and the design concepts being employed in its development. The RTCC is the computing and data processing system being developed for support of all manned spacecraft missions starting with the Gemini Rendezvous. In meeting Gemini requirements, the RTCC is required to handle 10 times the data flow, have 100 times the computing power, and 275 times the capacity of the Mercury System to present display information. The RTCC design challenge has been to provide an open-ended System to meet the long-term computing obligations of Gemini and Apollo missions and this has been met by developing a system design philosophy of modularity, in both equipment and programming. This design approach confines system functions to logical segments and enables substitutions of or modifications to either equipments or programming sub-parts without major redesign considerations or serious effect in other areas of the total system. The four IBM 7094 Mod II computer configuration with associated program packages for Gemini Rendezvous missions will be completed early in 1965.
Computer science and engineering education: Current trends, new dimensions and related professional programs
Authors: Lawrence A. Jehn, David C. Rine, Norman Sondak
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1978)

The role of the computer in engineering practice is ever increasing. The computer performs such tasks as: simple calculations; on line data recording and synthesis; acting as a control unit providing feedback; statistical analysis of large data sets; information retrieval and storage; and the simulation of large complex systems. It is imperative that all engineering students be taught to use the computer as a tool to aid in their present and future endeavors. Their education must be such that they can build on this foundation and continue to function effectively in future environments of computer technology taking full advantage of its capabilities. Universities must provide guidance and a curriculum making the achievement of this goal possible for students. An up-to-date laboratory facility to support such a program is also a necessity. A continuing education program is the responsibility of institutions of higher learning.
A parser generator project for a compiler construction course
Authors: John H. Remmers, Richard C. Vile,  Jr.
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1982)

A parser generator project for an introductory compiler construction course is described. It is argued that this type of term project is especially suitable for a one-semester course of this kind, provided its complexity is carefully controlled.
Development of a Batch APL System
Authors: James F. Clementi, Peter Sandery
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on APL (1974)

This paper discusses the reasons for the development of a Batch APL System for use in Secondary Schools and the stages of development through which the system has passed. In particular, the solution to the problem of preparation of student input by use of an Optical Mark Read Card and the solution to the problem of high speed output via an APL Print Chain are discussed.
Beyond concurrent Pascal
Authors: Klaus-Peter Löhr
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1977)

We take the view that operating systems should not be written in assembly language. Alternatives are machine oriented high-level languages and &ldquo;safe&rdquo; languages in the style of Concurrent Pascal and MODULA. A serious drawback of the Concurrent Pascal approach is the fact that those very language features that pertain to operating systems must be implemented separately, using some other language. A technique is presented which solves this problem. This technique is based on user-defined trap handling. It is exhibited by demonstrating how virtual memory systems can be constructed using Concurrent Pascal and how process management can be moved from the kernel to the Concurrent Pascal program. We demonstrate that a fundamental solution of the difficulties with Concurrent Pascal, MODULA, and similar languages cannot be found in going back to classical implementation languages, but in designing languages that are not rich with special features, but powerful with respect to extension and shrinkage.
A method for the best geometric placement of units on a plane
Authors: Morton N. Weindling
Venue: Proceedings of the SHARE design automation workshop (1964)

A detailed discussion of a method for the placement of items on a plane is contained in this paper based on a criterion of connectedness. This encompasses such things as location of components on a chassis or pointed circuit card, the layout of units in construction of a chemical plant or any other problems where the interrelationships of items is of great concern. The basic effect that this method depends on is the tendency of related components to cluster together. An example of 52 components to be placed on a chassis where connectedness is indicated by wiring interconnections is worked out in detail by the explained procedure. The result obtained by the given procedure yields a better than eleven percent reduction in total wire length over that obtained by an experienced mechanical designer by hand. The example taken was a drawer in a piece of ground support equipment used by Douglas.
CHAMP code calculations of surface and subsurface explosions
Authors: L. L. Edwards, R. B. Hickman, J. K. Hobson, T. C. Michels
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGNUM meeting on Software for partial differential equations (1975)

The CHAMP (Coupled HEMP and Multifluid Eulerian Program) computer code package solves complex radiation diffusion and hydrodynamics problems. We discuss the structure of the code package and its applications to high-energy explosions on the ground surface and at shallow depths of burial.
REDUCE/1700: A micro-coded Algebra system
Authors: Martin L. Griss, Robert R. Kessler
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1978)

The status of an ongoing micro-coded Algebra machine project is reviewed. We have implemented a LISP &ldquo;machine&rdquo; on the Burroughs B1726 computer, capable of supporting the REDUCE Algebra system. A portable version of this LISP machine (written in a portable implementation language, BIL), can be used to produce a compact and efficient LISP or REDUCE for smaller machines (it also serves as a bootstrapping kernel for larger machines). In this paper, we summarize the current status of the MBALM/1700 project, aimed at producing a micro-coded LISP and Algebra System on the Burroughs B1726 computer.
Towards a theory of semantics and compilers for programming languages
Authors: E. K. Blum
Venue: Proceedings of the first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1969)

The concept of imbedding a programming language L into a formal system is introduced and used as the basis of defining the semantics &Fgr; of the language. &Fgr; is an operator which maps a program p in L onto a function. The pair (L, &Fgr;) is called a programming system. If (L, &Fgr;) and (L,' &Fgr;') are two programming systems, a mapping &Ggr; from L into L' is called a compiler. A compiler is said to be correct if &Fgr;'(&Ggr;(p)) &equil; &Fgr;(p) for p in L. These ideas are illustrated in terms of two programming systems, one for recursive functions and the other for Turing machines.