ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An SSL Back-End Forwarding Scheme in Cluster-Based Web Servers
Authors: Jin-Ha Kim, Gyu Sang Choi, Chita R. Das
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2007)

State-of-the-art cluster-based data centers consisting of three tiers (Web server, application server, and database server) are being used to host complex Web services such as e-commerce applications. The application server handles dynamic and sensitive Web contents that need protection from eavesdropping, tampering, and forgery. Although the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most popular protocol to provide a secure channel between a client and a cluster-based network server, its high overhead degrades the server performance considerably and, thus, affects the server scalability. Therefore, improving the performance of SSL-enabled network servers is critical for designing scalable and high-performance data centers. In this paper, we examine the impact of SSL offering and SSL-session-aware distribution in cluster-based network servers. We propose a back-end forwarding scheme, called ssl_with_bf, that employs a low-overhead user-level communication mechanism like Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) to achieve a good load balance among server nodes. We compare three distribution models for network servers, Round Robin (RR), ssl_with_session, and ssl_with_bf, through simulation. The experimental results with 16-node and 32-node cluster configurations show that, although the session reuse of ssl_with_session is critical to improve the performance of application servers, the proposed back-end forwarding scheme can further enhance the performance due to better load balancing. The ssl_with_bf scheme can minimize the average latency by about 40 percent and improve throughput across a variety of workloads.
Optimal generalized sampling expansion
Authors: D. Seidner
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1999)

This work presents an analysis of Papoulis' (1977) generalized sampling expansion (GSE) for a wide-sense stationary signal with a known power spectrum in the presence of quantization noise. We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for a GSE system to produce the minimum mean squared error while using the optimal linear estimation filter. This is actually an extension of the optimal linear equalizer (linear source/channel optimization) to the case of M parallel channels.
Outsourcing Relationships: The Contract as IT Governance Tool
Authors: Cornelia Gellings
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

IS outsourcing literature emphasizes the importance of governance for a successful outsourcing relationship. However, in theory and practice there is a lack of management concepts on the concrete design and implementation of IT governance within the outsourcing context. Based on the IT governance framework by Webb, Pollard, and Ridley (2006) we aim at answering the following research questions within an outsourcing context: (1) How can IT governance mechanisms be contractually implemented? and (2) What activities contribute to a successful implementation of such mechanisms? Based on multiple case studies of IT outsourcing arrangements in the banking industry, we show that contract clauses such as Service Level Agreements and Penalty-Reward-Mechanisms are key success factors for establishing an IT governance mechanism that contributes to outsourcing success. Furthermore, our findings provide details on how the implementation of certain activities -- such as regular meetings between key account management -- positively influences the success of an outsourcing deal.
Classification with a combined information test
Authors: R. Lynch
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

We introduce a discrete model for classifying a target that combines the information in training and test data to infer about the true symbol probabilities. Two tests are derived given that the symbols are distributed as a multinomial. The robustness of these tests lies in their ability to effectively use all of the information in the training and test data before making a classification decision. This is demonstrated by comparing their performance to a standard hypothesis test for a classification problem involving transmission of quantized data to a fusion center.
Fuse: A Technique to Anticipate Failures due to Degradation in ALUs
Authors: Jaume Abella, Xavier Vera, Osman Unsal, Oguz Ergin, Antonio Gonzalez
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (2007)

This paper proposes the fuse, a technique to anticipate failures due to degradation in any ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), and particularly in an adder. The fuse consists of a replica of the weakest transistor in the adder and the circuitry required to measure its degradation. By mimicking the behavior of the replicated transistor the fuse anticipates the failure short before the first failure in the adder appears, and hence, data corruption and program crashes can be avoided. Our results show that the fuse anticipates the failure in more than 99.9% of the cases after 96.6% of the lifetime, even for pessimistic random within-die variations.
Some fast speech processing algorithms using AltiVec technology
Authors: S. M. Joshi
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

The AltiVec technology is a SIMD (single instruction multiple data) extension to PowerPC architecture. It is intended to provide architectural support for performance improvement of various image and signal processing applications, including speech processing, on a general-purpose processor implementation, such as, the PowerPC line of processors. We have implemented some of the common speech processing algorithms on AltiVec architecture. The algorithms discussed in this paper are autocorrelation computation, linear prediction coefficients computation via Levinson-Durbin method and Schur (1917) recursion and part of the GSM speech compression system. AltiVec obtained significant speedups on all these algorithms, compared to the scalar PowerPC implementation. We also found that additional speedup was achievable by porting to new, more SIMD-friendly algorithm.
Efficient implementation of a set of lifting based wavelet filters
Authors: K. Andra
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 200. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2001)

Lifting based wavelet transform implementation not only helps in reducing the number of computations but also achieves lossy to lossless performance with finite precision. We first do a precision analysis for the set of seven filters proposed by the JPEG2000 verification model. We determine the precision required to implement the filters using fixed point 2's complement arithmetic for lossless as well as lossy coding. Next we propose a unified architecture for implementing this set of filters for both the forward and the inverse transform.
Double-blind evaluation and benchmarking of survival models in a multi-centre study
Authors: A. Taktak, L. Antolini, M. Aung, P. Boracchi, I. Campbell, B. Damato, E. Ifeachor, N. Lama, P. Lisboa, C. Setzkorn, V. Stalbovskaya, E. Biganzoli
Venue: Computers in Biology and Medicine (2007)

Accurate modelling of time-to-event data is of particular importance for both exploratory and predictive analysis in cancer, and can have a direct impact on clinical care. This study presents a detailed double-blind evaluation of the accuracy in out-of-sample prediction of mortality from two generic non-linear models, using artificial neural networks benchmarked against a partial logistic spline, log-normal and COX regression models. A data set containing 2880 samples was shared over the Internet using a purpose-built secure environment called GEOCONDA (www.geoconda.com). The evaluation was carried out in three parts. The first was a comparison between the predicted survival estimates for each of the four survival groups defined by the TNM staging system, against the empirical estimates derived by the Kaplan-Meier method. The second approach focused on the accurate prediction of survival over time, quantified with the time dependent C index (C^t^d). Finally, calibration plots were obtained over the range of follow-up and tested using a generalization of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. All models showed satisfactory performance, with values of C^t^d of about 0.7. None of the models showed a systematic tendency towards over/under estimation of the observed survival at @t=3 and 5 years. At @t=10 years, all models underestimated the observed survival, except for COX regression which returned an overestimate. The study presents a robust and unbiased benchmarking methodology using a bespoke web facility. It was concluded that powerful, recent flexible modelling algorithms show a comparative predictive performance to that of more established methods from the medical and biological literature, for the reference data set.
Fault Diagnosis System for Turbo-Generator Set Based on Fuzzy Neural Network
Authors: Ping Yang, Qing-miao Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (2006)

When a fault such as unbalance occurs in a turbo-generator set, sensors should be put on its bearing to detect vibration signals for extracting fault symptoms and then diagnose faults. But the relationships between faults and fault symptoms are too complex to get enough accuracy for industry application. In this paper, a new diagnosis method based on fuzzy neural network is proposed and a fuzzy neural network system is structured by associating fuzzy set theory with neural network technology. Especially, an effective fuzzy organization method for training samples is presented, fault symptoms are discretized by a focusing quantization method and are then fuzzified to obtain fuzzy sets. In addition, the standard fault data which is confirmed by application is added to standard fault case database in order to improve accuracy of diagnosis system. Finally, a vibration fault diagnosis system for 600MW turbo-generator set is designed and realized by the proposed system structure based on fuzzy neural network, its running results showed that the new system could satisfy fault diagnosis requirement of large turbo-generator set, its accuracy varied from 92 percent to 98 percent.
Hierarchical locally adaptive multigrid motion estimation for surveillance applications
Authors: J. E. Santos Conde
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1999)

In this paper we address the problem of detection and tracking of moving objects for surveillance or occupant detection systems. The primary goal in this framework is the motion estimation of the extracted foreground. To overcome the drawbacks characteristic of classical block matching techniques, this contribution presents a new feature based hierarchical locally adaptive multigrid (HLAM) block matching motion estimation technique based on a foreground detection procedure using an adaptive recursive temporal lowpass filter. It leads to a robust and precise motion field estimation, close to the true motion in the scene. The simulation results highlight the superior performance of the proposed method. It yields better performance than the classical exhaustive search and the modified three-step search (MTSS) technique in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).
An Improved Genetic k-means Algorithm for Optimal Clustering
Authors: Hai-xiang Guo, Ke-jun Zhu, Si-wei Gao, Ting Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining - Workshops (2006)

In the classical k-means algorithm, the value of k must be confirmed in advance. It is difficult to confirm accurately the value of k in reality. This paper proposes an improved genetic k-means algorithm (IGKM) and constructs a fitness function defined as a product of three factors, maximization of which ensures the formation of a small number of compact clusters with large separation between at least two clusters. At last, two artificial and three real-life data sets are considered for experiments that compare IGKM with kmeans algorithm, GA-based method and genetic kmeans algorithm (GKM) by inter-cluster distance (ITD), inner-cluster distance(IND) and rate of separation exactness. The experiments show that IGKM can automatically reach the optimal value of k with high accuracy.
A Tcl-based multithreaded test harness
Authors: Paul Amaranth
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop, 1998 - Volume 6 (1998)

This paper describes an implementation of a test harness written in Tcl and C for Merit Network, Inc. capable of running multiple structured tests simultaneously. Many available test tools are based on a single threaded stimulus/response approach. This is not always sufficient to adequately test certain classes of applications that manage multiple simultaneous requests. The design presented in this paper is for a Tcl-based system capable of running multiple simultaneous tests in the context of testing a RADIUS authentication server. The design and implementation illustrate novel applications of Tcl as well as the rapid development and code reusability inherent in using Tcl as an application glue language.
Do e-business strategies matter? The antecedents and relationship with firm performance
Authors: Chulmo Koo, Jaeki Song, Yong Jin Kim, Kichan Nam
Venue: Information Systems Frontiers (2007)

Previous studies in e-business strategy focus on the issues of strategic positioning and its impact on firm performance. However, these studies do not address the antecedents to business strategies formulation and their impact on business performance or the role of business models in explaining e-business firm performance. This study applies Porter's generic strategies to the e-business context. It also identifies business models that are applied to the e-business environment and environmental factors and then examines these factors influence on firm performance with survey data. This study finds that uncertainty has a negative impact on the choice of strategic position of e-business firms, whereas market turbulence positively affects the level of adoption of all the strategies. Among the strategic positions, marketing differentiation positively influences firm performance. The research methodology, test results, and implications are further discussed.
Systems, Nano-technology and SiP
Authors: Rene Penning de Vries
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

The on-going trend towards nanoscale technologies creates enormous opportunities for integration of complex functions and features. Many challenges have to be overcome in order to exploit nanoscale technologies for mass production: particularly relevant are CMOS SoC challenges such as low power, design for manufacturability and analog design.
Aquacore: a programmable architecture for microfluidics
Authors: Ahmed M. Amin, Mithuna Thottethodi, T. N. Vijaykumar, Steven Wereley, Stephen C. Jacobson
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (2007)

Advances in microfluidic research has enabled lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology to achieve miniaturization and integration of biological and chemical analyses to a single chip comprising channels, valves, mixers, heaters, separators, and sensors. These miniature instruments appear to offer the rare combination of faster, cheaper, and higher-precision analyses in comparison to conventional bench-scale methods. LoCs have been applied to diverse domains such as proteomics, genomics, biochemistry, virology, cell biology, and chemical synthesis. However, to date LoCs have been designed as application-specific chips which incurs significant design effort, turn-around time, and cost, and degrades designer and user productivity. To address these limitations, we envision a programmable LoC (PLoC) and propose a comprehensive fluidic instruction set, called AquaCore Instruction Set (AIS), and a fluidic microarchitecture, called AquaCore, to implement AIS. We present four key design aspects in which the AIS and AquaCore differ from their computer counterparts, and our design decisions made on the basis of the implications of these differences. We demonstrate the use of the PLoC in a range of domains by hand-compiling real-world microfluidic assays in AIS, and show a detailed breakdown of the execution times for the assays and an estimate of the chip area.
Teaching and Learning of Databases: The Impact on Industry
Authors: Nicholas Fortune
Venue: Proceedings of the 24th British National Conference on Databases (2007)

As part of the Workshop on Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Databases, there will be a discussion centred on the challenges of introducing cutting edge technology into industry, and the impact of database teaching on a real world project. The discussion will be led by a short presentation. This extended abstract outlines the focus of the presentation.
Improving spam detection based on structural similarity
Authors: Luiz H. Gomes, Fernando D. O. Castro, Virgílio A. F. Almeida, Jussara M. Almeida, Rodrigo B. Almeida, Luis M. A. Bettencourt
Venue: Proceedings of the Steps to Reducing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet on Steps to Reducing Unwanted Traffic on the Internet Workshop (2005)

We propose a new spam detection algorithm that uses structural relationships between senders and recipients of email as the basis for spam detection. A unifying representation of users and receivers in the vectorial space of their contacts is constructed, that leads to a natural definition of similarity between them. This similarity is then used to group email senders and recipients into clusters. Historical information about the messages sent and received by the clusters is obtained by forwarding messages to an auxiliary spam detection algorithm and this information is used to reclassify messages. In the framework proposed, our algorithm aims at correcting misclassifications from an auxiliary algorithm. A simulation is performed based on actual data collected from an SMTP server from a large University. We show that our approach is able reduce false positives, produced by the auxiliary classification algorithm, up to about 60%.
The Fragmentation of Standards in Mobile Digital Broadcast Carriers
Authors: Hakon Ursin Steen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

A collection of standards (DVB-H, MediaFLO, DMB and others) compete globally for dominance as the standard radio carrier for mobile digital broadcasting. Based on outcomes of similar "standards wars", insights from multi-sided market theory and a set of structural (including political, regulatory, geographical and technical) constraints, it is argued that there is a significant drift towards a stable fragmentation (coexistence) of these standards. This is seen as an obstacle for the successful proliferation of the technology because of reduced possibility for economies of scale, lowered incentives for market entry and restrictions on handset roaming.
Why do internet services fail, and what can be done about it?
Authors: David Oppenheimer, Archana Ganapathi, David A. Patterson
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4 (2003)

In 1986 Jim Gray published his landmark study of the causes of failures of Tandem systems and the techniques Tandem used to prevent such failures [6]. Seventeen years later, Internet services have replaced fault-tolerant servers as the new kid on the 24×7-availability block. Using data from three large-scale Internet services, we analyzed the causes of their failures and the (potential) effectiveness of various techniques for preventing and mitigating service failure. We find that (1) operator error is the largest cause of failures in two of the three services, (2) operator errors is the largest contributor to time to repair in two of the three services, (3) configuration errors are the largest category of operator errors, (4) failures in custom-written front-end software are significant, and (5) more extensive online testing and more thoroughly exposing and detecting component failures would reduce failure rates in at least one service. Qualitatively we find that improvement in the maintenance tools and systems used by service operations staff would decrease time to diagnose and repair problems.
Circuit Failure Prediction Enables Robust System Design Resilient to Aging and Wearout
Authors: Subhasish Mitra
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (2007)

Circuit failure prediction predicts the occurrence of a circuit failure before errors actually appear in system data and states. This is in contrast to classical error detection where a failure is detected after errors appear in system data and states. Circuit failure prediction is performed during system operation by analyzing the data collected by sensors inserted at various locations inside a chip. In a recent paper [Agarwal 07], we demonstrated this concept of circuit failure prediction for a dominant PMOS aging mechanism induced by Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI). NBTI-induced PMOS aging slows down PMOS transistors over time. As a result, the speed of a chip can significantly degrade over time and can result in delay faults. The traditional practice is to incorporate worst-case speed margins to prevent delay faults during system operation due to NBTI aging. A new sensor design integrated inside a flip-flop enables efficient circuit failure prediction at a very low cost. Actual test chip prototype demonstrates correct operations of such flip-flops with built-in aging sensors. Simulation results using 90nm and 65nm technologies demonstrate that this technique can significantly improve system performance by enabling close to best-case design instead of traditional worst-case design.
Energy Efficiency in the Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Approach to Monitoring Farm Animals
Authors: Bartosz Wietrzyk, Milena Radenkovic
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

Using Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) for monitoring bovine animals potentially offers high increase in the profitability of cattle production. In this paper we propose a formal model for the cattle monitoring system. Then we formulate the requirements for the MANET routing protocol for such systems. We identify a suitable MANET routing protocol that satisfies these requirements and adapt it to our scenario. We propose optimizations to this protocol that utilize heterogeneity of the power constrains of the wireless nodes. More precisely we make a trade-off between the power utilized by animal mounted devices and fixed sinks where they upload the collected and processed data. We also save energy on flooding based route discovery for the cost of graceful degradation of data delivery time by utilizing passive detection of temporary availability of sink routes. Finally we show in the simulation that the proposed approach is feasible and the proposed optimizations considerably decrease the energy consumption and increase scalability in terms of density and number of wireless nodes. This is important considering size and range of stocking densities of modern farming enterprises.
The Localization Hypothesis and Machines
Authors: Dominique Chu, Weng Kin Ho
Venue: Artificial Life (2007)

In a recent article in Artificial Life, Chu and Ho suggested that Rosen's central result about the simulability of living systems might be flawed. This argument was later declared “null and void” by Louie. In this article the validity of Louie's objections are examined.