ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Human Factors in Software Engineering
Authors: J. D. Gannon
Venue: Computer (1979)

Software engineering is an effort to reduce the cost of producing software by raising programming productivity and lowering maintenance effort and to increase the benefits of software by extending application areas and improving service. Human factors considerations can have a major impact on the software development process and the quality of the software produced. High-level languages have increased programmer productivity by removing from the programmer the burden of remembering what values are in what register and placing it on a software system which is much more suited to managing detail. Other programming methodologies and tools have been developed to reduce the cost of producing software: design methodologies, structured programming, chief programmer teams, disciplined coding conventions, etc. The efficacy of these software aids has been demonstrated mostly by case studies. The articles in this issue of Computer analyze some of these methodologies and tools from a human factors viewpoint, using the tools of human factors engineering to determine if the use of a particular aid increases programming performance or the quality of the resulting software.
Clustering support for automated tracing
Authors: Chuan Duan, Jane Cleland-Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering (2007)

Automated trace tools dynamically generate links between various software artifacts such as requirements, design elements, code, test cases, and other less structured supplemental documents. Trace algorithms typically utilize information retrieval methods to compute similarity scores between pairs of artifacts. Results are returned to the user as a ranked set of candidate links, and the user is then required to evaluate the results through performing a top-down search through the list. Although clustering methods have previously been shown to improve the performance of information retrieval algorithms by increasing understandability of the results and minimizing human analysis effort, their usefulness in automated traceability tools has not yet been explored. This paper evaluates and compares the effectiveness of several existing clustering methods to support traceability; describes a technique for incorporating them into the automated traceability process; and proposes new techniques based on the concepts of theme cohesion and coupling to dynamically identify optimal clustering granularity and to detect cross-cutting concerns that would otherwise remain undetected by standard clustering algorithms. The benefits of utilizing clustering in automated trace retrieval are then evaluated through a case study
Performance Analysis of Multiuser Detectors for Uplink Quasi-synchronous MC-CDMA Systems
Authors: Felip Riera-Palou, Guillem Femenias, Jaume Ramis
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2007)

This paper analyses and compares the average bit error rate (BER) of different multiuser detectors (MUD) in the uplink of a multicarrier code- division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system. In particular, maximum likelihood, zero-forcing, minimum mean-square error and interference cancellation-based multiuser detectors have been analysed for the special case of uncorrelated subcarriers. The derived BER expressions are based upon previous results on diversity combining and also on recent findings on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) architectures. The subcarrier correlation is considered in the context of physical parameters currently under discussion for future wireless systems to give an indication up to what extent the assumption of uncorrelated subcarrier fading is plausible.
A Robust 3D Model Watermarking Scheme Based on Feature Recognition
Authors: Shu-Guo Yang, Chun-Xia Li, Sheng-He Sun, Yao-Qun Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 03 (2007)

Copyright protection becomes a more and more important problem with the development of the creation and distribution of 3D model. The paper proposes a novel and robust watermarking scheme for 3D model based on the feature recognition method. Firstly, we construct the Cartesian coordinates in 3D model and extract six 2D images from six different directions according to the habit of human recognition. Secondly, We divide the images into 8×8 blocks and transform them in DCT domain, then embed the watermark into the middle-frequency coefficients according to the JND model of the human visual system. Finally, we retrieve the 3D model which is embedded the watermark into. The watermarking detection process is averse to the watermarking embedding process. Many experimental results show that this watermarking scheme is imperceptible, robust and able to withstand common attacks on 3D models such as mesh simplification, adding noise, model cropping.
Taming XPath queries by minimizing wildcard steps
Authors: Chee-Yong Chan, Wenfei Fan, Yiming Zeng
Venue: Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30 (2004)

This paper presents a novel and complementary technique to optimize an XPath query by minimizing its wildcard steps. Our approach is based on using a general composite axis called the layer axis, to rewrite a sequence of XPath steps (all of which are wildcard steps except for possibly the last) into a single layer-axis step. We describe an efficient implementation of the layer axis and present a novel and efficient rewriting algorithm to minimize both non-branching as well as branching wildcard steps in XPath queries. We also demonstrate the usefulness of wildcard-step elimination by proposing an optimized evaluation strategy for wildcard-free XPath queries that enables selective loading of only the relevant input XML data for query evaluation. Our experimental results not only validate the scalability and efficiency of our optimized evaluation strategy, but also demonstrate the effectiveness of our rewriting algorithm for minimizing wildcard steps in XPath queries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort that addresses this new optimization problem.
Automatic ECG wave extraction in long-term recordings using Gaussian mesa function models and nonlinear probability estimators
Authors: Rémi Dubois, Pierre Maison-Blanche, Brigitte Quenet, Gérard Dreyfus
Venue: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine (2007)

This paper describes the automatic extraction of the P, Q, R, S and T waves of electrocardiographic recordings (ECGs), through the combined use of a new machine-learning algorithm termed generalized orthogonal forward regression (GOFR) and of a specific parameterized function termed Gaussian mesa function (GMF). GOFR breaks up the heartbeat signal into Gaussian mesa functions, in such a way that each wave is modeled by a single GMF; the model thus generated is easily interpretable by the physician. GOFR is an essential ingredient in a global procedure that locates the R wave after some simple pre-processing, extracts the characteristic shape of each heart beat, assigns P, Q, R, S and T labels through automatic classification, discriminates normal beats (NB) from abnormal beats (AB), and extracts features for diagnosis. The efficiency of the detection of the QRS complex, and of the discrimination of NB from AB, is assessed on the MIT and AHA databases; the labeling of the P and T wave is validated on the QTDB database.
An approach for determining the requirements of computerised maintenance management systems
Authors: Mirka Kans
Venue: Computers in Industry (2008)

Information technology (IT) could be an important tool for reaching efficiency and effectiveness within maintenance, provided that correct and relevant IT is applied. In this paper, a conceptual model for identifying maintenance management IT requirements is developed, with its practical application in a process for the IT requirements identification for maintenance management. The process is exemplified in two real-world cases. This paper suggests that the factors of goals, purpose and use should be considered on organisational and individual level in order to identify the IT demands. Correct level of IT applied, i.e. IT consisting of correct functionality required for planning, conducting and following up maintenance activities according to the state of maintenance and the strategy adapted, will contribute to successful maintenance management. Moreover, this paper promotes the use of a structured procedure for the identification of IT requirements for maintenance management.
Biomechanical evaluation of the motor function of the thumb
Authors: Zong-Ming Li, Robert J. Goitz
Venue: Technology and Health Care (2003)

An experimental apparatus was developed to measure force production of a digit at various points of force application along the digit and in any direction within the transverse plane of the longitudinal axis of the digit. Eight normal subjects with asymptomatic hands were tested. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction forces were measured at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb in 16 directions that were evenly distributed within 360 degrees. Peak forces measured in all directions were used to create polar plots and to construct force envelopes using cubic spline interpolation. The areas of the force envelope and force quadrants were then calculated. The force produced by the thumb was dependent on the direction of force application. The highest force, 104.8 &plusmn; 14.2 N, was generated in flexion, while the lowest force was generated in extension. The forces in extension, abduction and adduction were 24.8%, 57.2%, and 46.2% of the flexion force, respectively. Relatively high forces were generated in the directions of flexion combined with abduction, and flexion combined with adduction. The area of the entire force envelope was found to be 12,142 &plusmn; 3,149 N-N. The percentage quadrant areas, relative to the total force envelope area, for extension-adduction, extension-abduction, flexion-abduction, and flexion-adduction were 7.8%, 11.4%, 39.3%, and 41.4%, respectively. The percentage quadrant areas for extension, abduction, flexion, and adduction were 4.9%, 23.6%, 52.7%, and 18.8%, respectively. The current study provides a more advanced and comprehensive method for quantification and investigation of the motor function of the thumb, which has potential in clinical applications for diagnosis of hand disorders, evaluation of deterioration or improvement of hand motor function, and guidance of therapeutic and surgical intervention.
A pattern generation-integer programming based formulation for the carpet loading problem
Authors: Mert C. Demir
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2008)

In this work, an optimization problem related to the carpet weaving industry is introduced, modeled and solved using an enumeration algorithm and integer programming. The problem is to schedule orders of carpets with known widths, lengths and ordered amounts to looms with fixed widths. Although, it is a two-dimensional stock cutting problem with the objective being to fulfill the orders with minimum total scrap (empty area woven) and using the least number of setups, the problem exhibits some unique characteristics. Our approach consists of preprocessing the problem to find all reasonable two-dimensional patterns and then formulating and solving a pure integer problem. The whole procedure can be completed in a reasonable amount of time by the current computer technology and integer programming solvers.
New Approach of Test for DAC Using Fuzzy Neural Networks
Authors: Mohammad Ma'Soumi, Karim Mohammadi
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2007)

Due to the existence of analogue signals, testing the mixed signal circuits is a complex and complicated one. D/A converters are one of the most important types of these circuits. In this paper, a method is presented to determine the points where faults are occurred in a 4-bit resistive ladder D/A converter, using fuzzy rules. For the purpose of implementing fuzzy rules, neural networks have been utilized. Also for improvement the fault coverage of this test method the LVQ neural network has been used. Firstly, the circuit has been simulated using ORCAD9 and then training patterns have been elicited. Continually, network simulation and training have been implemented via MATLAB6.1TM .
A novel scheme for mobility management in heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: R. Rajavelsamy, S. Anand, Osok Song, Sungho Choi
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2007)

In this paper, we present a mobility management scheme for real-time multimedia sessions over heterogeneous wireless networks. Most approaches in the current literature use Mobile IP (MIP) or Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to maintain real-time sessions during mobility. In this paper, we analyze MIP and SIP in terms of the mobility rate, packet loss and packet overheads in the user plane and propose a mechanism by which the network can choose the optimum protocol for mobility management. We perform the analysis for constant bit rate (CBR) as well as for variable bit rate (VBR) traffic. We show that for CBR traffic, the proposed mechanism leads to 12---35% improvement in the system capacity, while for VBR traffic, capacity improvements ranging from about 35---50% can be obtained. Our proposed approach and the analysis are applicable to handovers between different IP domains both in homogeneous as well as in heterogeneous wireless networks.
Language Models for Handwritten Short Message Services
Authors: E. Prochasson, C. Viard-Gaudin, E. Morin
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 01 (2007)

Handwriting is an alternative method for entering texts composing Short Message Services. However, a whole new language features the texts which are produced. They include for instance abbreviations and other consonantal writing which sprung up for time saving and fashion. We have collected and processed a significant number of such handwriting SMS, and used various strategies to tackle this challenging area of handwriting recognition. We proposed to study more specifically three different phenomena: consonant skeleton, rebus, and phonetic writing. For each of them, we compare the rough results produced by a standard recognition system with those obtained when using a specific language model.
The Computer Bracket Pressure Monitor System of Fully Mechanized Coalface in Coal Mine Based on CAN Bus
Authors: Zhang Yong, Xiang-hong Yan, Song Yang, Zhu Hong-mei
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 02 (2007)

In order to master the relation between the pressure of fully mechanized coalface bracket and the mine coalface moving principle, especially the first coming pressure of the surface of the coalmine influence to bracket, the computer pressure monitor system of fully mechanized coalface bracket in coal mine enterprise based on CAN Bus is developed. The system has dynamic data monitoring function. It could display the setting load of front leg, final resistant pressure and average working resistant pressure of the brackets. It could process data and plot chart in time. When the online pressure comes beyond the maximum value, the software has alarming ability and could create and print a report when it is necessary. It is also important for the managers to make correct decisions. The central host machines support a database. The database stores history curve of working period and all kinds of useful information. It will be advantageous for the safety of workers near the fully mechanized coalface.
A Component-based Framework for Embedded Digital Instrumentation Software with Design Patterns
Authors: Xia Yixing, Chen Yaowu
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 02 (2007)

The embedded digital instrumentations (EDI) software systems become diversified and more complex with variable requirements. Component-based frameworks (CBF) which are built on object-oriented (OO) technologies provide a better reuse. A CBF for EDI software systems is presented in this paper, and it will be demonstrated that it is convenient to reuse the components and to construct an EDI application. The system architecture and framework design of multimedia instrumentations will be presented as an example. For a maintainable, flexible and extensible design, design patterns are employed in the components and framework development; Strategy, Observer, Command and Composite patterns are discussed and implemented in examples.
OCR Accuracy Improvement through a PDE-Based Approach
Authors: F. Drira, F. LeBourgeois, H. Emptoz
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02 (2007)

This paper focuses on improving the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systemís accuracy by restoring damaged character through a PDE (Partial Differential Equation)-based approach. This approach, proposed by D. TschumperlÈ, is an anisotropic diffusion approach driven by local tensors fields. Actually, such approach has many useful properties that are relevant for use in character restoration. For instance, this approach is very appropriate for the processing of oriented patterns which are major characteristics of textual documents. It incorporates both edge enhancing diffusion that tends to preserve local structures during smoothing and coherence-enhancing diffusion that processes oriented structures by smoothing along the flow direction. Furthermore, this tensor diffusion-based approach compared to the existing sate of the art requires neither segmentation nor training steps. Some experiments, done on degraded document images, illustrate the performance of this PDE-based approach in improving both of the visual quality and the OCR accuracy rates for degraded document images.
GPU Ray Marching for Real-Time Rendering of Participating Media
Authors: Jeonghun Han, Hyunwoo Ki, Kyoungsu Oh
Venue: Proceedings of the The 2007 International Conference Computational Science and its Applications (2007)

This paper presents a GPU based ray marching algorithm for real-time rendering of participating media. We fire a ray at each pixel being shaded on the cube surface, and then we find an intersection between the ray and inner-volume recorded by a 3D texture, using both linear and binary searches. At this intersection, the ray marches through the volume to compute radiance by single scattering of light. This technique can render isotropic as well as anisotropic participating media at tens frames per second on graphics hardware without any preprocessing loads.
Simulations and virtual reality tools in technology learning: results from two case studies
Authors: Miika Lehtonen, Tom Page, Gisli Thorsteinsson, Lence Miloseva
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

We present the results of two design-based action research case studies. These case studies sought to develop pedagogical models and computer applications for teaching, studying and learning in technology education. The first pedagogical model entitled "Network oriented study with simulations" (NOSS) supports teaching and learning in technology education in laboratory settings using a computer-based tool, termed the "web-orientation agent (WOA)" and graphical simulations. The second pedagogical model entitled "Innovation education in virtual reality" (IEVR) happens in a virtual reality environment. The virtual realities and simulations represent shared virtual spaces and sociomental tools, tools for thinking, problem-solving, sharing ideas and thoughts on a symbolic level. Furthermore, they provide for tools of communication and shared attention toward the same objects. Article presents results and an understanding for the implications, possibilities and limitations of the both models.
GPX: interactive mining of gene expression data
Authors: Daxin Jiang, Jian Pei, Aidong Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30 (2004)

Discovering co-expressed genes and coherent expression patterns in gene expression data is an important data analysis task in bioinformatics research and biomedical applications. Although various clustering methods have been proposed, two tough challenges still remain on how to integrate the users' domain knowledge and how to handle the high connectivity in the data. Recently, we have systematically studied the problem and proposed an effective approach [3]. In this paper, we describe a demonstration of GPX (for Gene Pattern eXplorer), an integrated environment for interactive exploration of coherent expression patterns and co-expressed genes in gene expression data. GPX integrates several novel techniques, including the coherent pattern index graph, a gene annotation panel, and a graphical interface, to adopt users' domain knowledge and support explorative operations in the clustering procedure. The GPX system as well as its techniques will be showcased, and the progress of GPX will be exemplified using several real-world gene expression data sets.
Distributed Construction of a Multi-level Topology with Unpredictable Metric Values for Wireless Networks
Authors: Johannes Lessmann, Arvind Krishnamurthy
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (2007)

Large ad hoc networks greatly benefit from hierarchical topologies in terms of scalability and robustness. Previous research has explored the construction of such hierarchies by ranking the nodes according to general performance metrics. However, these approaches have been mostly con- fined to two levels with just predictable metric values, con- sidering the multi-level case only by recursive application of the two-level approach. In this paper, we show that this methodology yields only suboptimal results in many cases. Hence, we present a distributed algorithm to construct a multi-metric multi-level independent dominating set topol- ogy for unpredictable metric values, which overcomes the constraints of suboptimality faced previously. Further, our algorithm is also easily parameterizable in order to balance the tradeoff between performance optimality and message complexity which is particularly desirable in dynamic net- works. We substantiate the performance of our algorithm by extensive simulations.
The Open Channel
Venue: Computer (1977)

The Open Channel is exactly what the name implies: a forum for the free exchange of technical ideas. Try to hold your contributions to one page maximum in the final magazine format (about 1000 words). The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Fast design of relatively wide band fractional delay all-pass filters
Authors: Mohammad Mahdi Jahani Yekta
Venue: Signal Processing (2008)

A fast and simple procedure for designing relatively wide band fractional delay (FD) all-pass filters is proposed and filters designed based on it are compared to those designed using Thiran's method, which is one of the simplest, fastest and widely used approaches in designing FD all-pass filters. It is shown that filters designed using the introduced method have wider fractional group delay (fgpd) bandwidths compared to those obtained via Thiran's technique, as well as some other desired properties. The designed filters are also demonstrated to be stable for several pairs of filter orders and fgpd values.