ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The use of simulation modeling in determining Defense manpower
Authors: Charles E. Ebeling
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1979)

Accurate determinations of manpower requirements of a combat unit such as a tactical fighter wing or a carrier task force is a stated goal of the Department of Defense. Such determinations must be defensible to both the Executive Branch (Office of Management and Budget and the President) and Congress. In order to assess manpower requirements under various combat conditions, the three services have adopted computer simulation models. While Monte Carlo simulation has provided a means of estimating wartime manpower, it has also introduced several problems which must be overcome if simulation is to continue to play an important role in assessing Department of Defense requirements. These problems have centered on the need for extensive computer and personnel resources, the lack of responsiveness to changing scenarios, the collection of reliable and accurate data, and the increasing complexity and sophistication of the models.
Design of Low-power Baseband-processor for RFID Tag
Authors: He Yan, Hu jianyun, Li Qiang, Min Hao
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet Workshops (2006)

This paper analyzes the power consumption of an RFID tag and presents a new architecture of a low-power baseband-processor for this special passive tag. The tag consists of a power reception system, an emitter/receiver analog module, an EEPROM and a low-power basebandprocessor, compatible with the newest EPCTM C1G2 UHF RFID Protocol. Meanwhile some novel and advanced lowpower technologies are adopted for the special low-power baseband-processor, which not only implements the anticollision schemes and authorization scheme, but also executes read/write operation to EEPROM. The chip was designed and fabricated using 0.35 ìm 3 metal layers CMOS technology successfully.
Immersive Spatial Sound for Mobile Multimedia
Authors: V. Ralph Algazi, Richard O. Duda
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

While mobile technology precludes large electronic displays for visual immersion, sound heard over headphonesa widely accepted technology - is ideally suited for mobile applications. In this paper, we report on a newly developed immersive headphonebased approach that opens new opportunities for mobile multimedia. This new motion-tracked binaural sound technology (abbreviated as MTB) provides and exploits the strong perceptual cues that are created by the voluntary motions of the listener's head. A headtracker is used to modify dynamically the sound heard by the listener, recreating the natural experience. After presenting an overview of the key concepts and of the challenges of the implementation of MTB, we describe examples of MTB spatial sound applications. Finally, we outline new mobile multimedia applications that would combine immersive spatial sound, headtracking, and small visual displays.
Handheld Devices with Large Shared Display Groupware: Tools to Facilitate Group Communication in One-to-One Collaborative Learning Activities
Authors: Chen-Chung Liu, Lin-Chuan Kao
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education (2005)

One-to-one computing environments change and improve classroom dynamics since individual students can bring handheld devices fitted with wireless communication capabilities into the classrooms. However, the screens of handheld devices, being designed for individual-user mobile application, limit promotive interaction among groups of learners. The lack of a shared visual focus among group learners impedes group interactions and leads to fragmented and tête-à-tête communication patterns. This study proposes a shared display groupware and explores whether the use of shared displays in classrooms can augment the handheld devices and enhance the effectiveness of handheld devices in promoting communication among participants. Experiments confirmed that the proposed shared display groupware promoted shared understanding of the workspace and increased awareness of partner actions. Collaboration was boosted by creating the opportunity for students with handheld devices to perform ideal communication patterns and avoiding tête-à-tête and fragmented communication patterns.
Automatic Structure Detection for Popular Music
Authors: Namunu C. Maddage
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

Our proposed approach detects music structures by looking at beat space segmentation, chords, singing-voice boundaries, and melody- and content-based similarity regions. Experiments illustrate that the proposed approach is capable of extracting useful information for music applications.
Reducing Multicast Traffic Load for Cellular Networks using Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Li Lao, Jun-Hong Cui
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (2005)

Recently, there has been extensive research on integrating cellular networks and ad hoc networks to overcome the limitations of cellular networks. Although several schemes have been proposed to use such hybrid networks to improve the performance of individual multicast groups, they do not address the Quality of Service (QoS) issues when multiple groups are present in the networks. Our work, on the other hand, considers an interesting scenario of hybrid networks when an ad hoc network cannot commodate all the groups and a base station has to select a subset of groups to optimize its bandwidth savings and maximize the utilization of the ad hoc network, while providing QoS support for multicast users. In this work, we develop a network model for multicast admission control which takes wireless interference into account, formulate the group selection problem as a multidimensional knapsack problem, and propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and a polynomial-time dynamic algorithm. We also examine a distributed implementation of the dynamic algorithm in real systems. Simulation studies demonstrate that the dynamic algorithm is able to achieve very competitive performance under various conditions, in comparison with the optimal solution computed by the ILP approach.
Analysis of Project Management Reports of 49 System Integration Projects
Authors: Taichi NAKAMURA
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (2005)

This paper describes the tasks which the Project Managers performed when specification changes were requested by the customers have been extracted from the reports of 49 system integration projects by means of text mining technology. The results of the analysis agree with an empirical rule of Project Managers who have experience in many system development projects. The considerable efforts which the Project Managers(PM) expend in defining the specifications, accounting for additional costs in developing the system, getting a temporary purchase order from the customer, proposing a feasible delivery date to a customer and arriving at an agreement with a customer are quantified. The relationship between these efforts and the price of the system, and the number of specification changes is discussed.
An analysis of team web site content and college choice factors of ncaa division iii cross-country runners
Authors: David K. Stotlar
Venue:  (2005)

The recruitment of student-athletes is important for the success of collegiate teams at all NCAA levels. However, for non-revenue sports, recruiting budgets are often limited. The Web presents a means to distribute program information that might be of interest to recruits. This dissertation sought to determine precisely what content is present on NCAA Division III cross country Web sites and what content is important to prospects as they make their college choice. Also examined were the uses of Web-based means of communication to begin a dialogue between coaches and prospects. A content analysis of 181 randomly sampled Web sites was conducted. Further, a survey of freshmen athletes from the same 181 programs was used to explore their college selection process. A series of One-Way ANOVAs were used to determine areas of significant difference between groups based on gender and ability. Results suggested that the Web, and specifically team Web sites, were important sources of information for college selection but that many team Web sites were lacking salient information. Web-based means of communication were preferred by prospects as they contacted coaches. In several cases, Web content was found to be most likely to influence the college choice of higher ability male athletes. This research is significant for the college coaches who are interested in recruiting in a cost-effective manner and in updating their Web site to assist in this process. Several recommendations are made based on the results that can help college coaches in constructing a recruit-friendly team Web site.
DynamoSim: a trace-based dynamically compiled instruction set simulator
Authors: Wai Sum Mong, Jianwen Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design (2004)

Instruction set simulators are indispensable tools for the architectural exploration and verification of embedded systems. Different techniques have recently been proposed to speed up the simulation over the classical interpretation-based simulators, while maintaining their flexibility. We introduce a suite of techniques inspired by recent advances in dynamic compilers to construct a hybrid simulation framework. Compared with compiled simulators reported earlier, our framework is more flexible, since any instruction can be interpreted; and faster, since only frequently executed instructions are translated on-the-fly into native code for direct execution, and the scope of our translation is extended from basic blocks to traces, and sophisticated register allocation is performed. Comprehensive results on SPEC2000 benchmarks are reported for the standard SimpleScalar processor to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed techniques.
Optimal and heuristic policies for dynamic server allocation
Authors: J. Palmer, I. Mitrani
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2005)

We examine a system where the servers in a cluster may be switched dynamically and preemptively from one kind of work to another. The demand consists of M job types joining separate queues, with different arrival and service characteristics, and also different relative importance represented by appropriate holding costs. The switching of a server from queue i to queue j incurs a cost which may be monetary or may involve a period of unavailability. The optimal switching policy is obtained numerically by solving a dynamic programming equation. Two simple heuristic policies-one static and one dynamic-are evaluated by simulation and are compared to the optimal policy. The dynamic heuristic is shown to perform well over a range of parameters, including changes in demand.
Minimum intrusion Grid - The Simple Model
Authors: Henrik Hoey Karlsen, Brian Vinter
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprise (2005)

This paper describes the key ideas in the new Grid model: MiG (Minimum intrusion Grid). "The Simple Model" is a major milestone in developing the full MiG concept and when completely implemented "The Simple Model" includes a full featured Grid solution. Besides describing the general MiG idea, the design of "The Simple Model" is specified as well as the main considerations behind the implementation.
Optimal Placement of Multicast and Wavelength Converting Nodes in Multicast Optical Virtual Private Network
Authors: Keen-Mun Yong, Gee-Swee Poo, Tee-Hiang Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

This paper addresses Multicast-Nodes (MC-nodes) and Wavelength Converting-Nodes (WC-nodes) placement problem in Multicast Optical Virtual Private Network (M-OVPN). This problem is motivated by the high cost incurred in the usage of optical splitters and converters in the VPN due to complexity and power considerations. An analytical model for computing the approximate blocking probability in MOVPN with wavelength conversion has been developed. The placement is determined using our proposed innovative Removal algorithm together with the blocking performance computed. We perform simulation studies of our algorithms using NSFNET. The results show that the Removal heuristic is able to locate the optimal placement location within a much shorter time and with higher efficiency compared to existing heuristic. In addition, we also show the flexibility of the heuristics by introducing the hybrid (Combined Removal) and dual (Concurrent Removal) removal mode.
Towards Autonomic Networks
Authors: Erol Gelenbe
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet (2006)

The Internet is becoming an immense organism of composite, highly distributed, pervasive, communication intensive services. For such a system to operate effectively, a ensible dialogue between users, services and the network components must proceed constantly based on mutual observation, self-observation, and adaptive and distributed feedback control. We review issues such as network "situational awareness", self-organisation, and structure, and relate these concepts to research on autonomic communication systems. We discuss how this vision can benefit from techniques that have been experimented in the Cognitive Packet Network (CPN) test-bed at Imperial College, which dynamically routes traffic using on on-line monitoring, based on users' QoS needs and the network's objectives.
A Study of Block-Based Medical Image Watermarking Using a Perceptual Similarity Metric
Authors: Birgit M. Planitz, Anthony J. Maeder
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing on Techniques and Applications (2005)

Medical image watermarking has been proposed as an appropriate method for enhancing data security, content verification and numerical image fidelity. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, medical image watermarking requires that any additional information that is stored within an image must not affect the perceptual integrity of the image. In typical approaches, additional information is generally hidden in the entire image, or in the background regions of an image (so as not to affect the medical data). This paper presents a novel model whereby medical image regions are watermarked differently so that perceptual degradation due to watermarking is limited. The model partitions images into regions and characterises each region according to some feature(s). Each region is then watermarked with a particular watermark method and payload capacity such that perceptual degradation is limited. This paper presents the model in conceptual form and then uses one instance of it to demonstrate how it would be used in practise. Results on MR and CT images demonstrate that less visually sensitive areas on images can be watermarked using more robust techniques and more sensitive areas can be watermarked using lighter or no embedding.
Analysis of defects at the interface between high-k thin films and (100) silicon
Authors: B. J. Jones, R. C. Barklie
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

Paramagnetic defects in atomic layer deposition grown aluminium oxide thin films have been studied using electron paramagnetic resonance. Initial spectra indicate the presence of Si-db, Pb0 and Pb1 defects, previously observed in Si/SiO2 structures. We show that the Si-db defect is located in the substrate only. We quantify the unpassivated Pb-type defect density and show that this can be reduced by a pre-deposition nitridation step. However, forming gas annealing at temperatures up to 550°C causes no further reduction in defect density; this may be related to the low deposition temperature, which causes a spread in passivation activation energies.
Recognition of hands-free speech and hand pointing action for conversational TV
Authors: Yasuo Ariki, Tetsuya Takiguchi, Atsushi Sako
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

In this paper, we propose a structure and components of a conversational television set(TV) to which we can ask anything on the broadcasted contents and receive the interesting information from the TV. The conversational TV is composed of two types of processing; back end processing and front end processing. In the back end processing, broadcasted contents are analyzed using speech and video recognition techniques and both of the meta data and the structure are extracted. In the front end processing, human speech and hand action are recognized to understand the user intention. We show some applications, being developed in this conversational TV with multi-modal interactions, such as word explanation, human information retrieval, event retrieval in soccer and baseball video games with contextual awareness.
Interactions: an interactive multimedia installation
Authors: David Birchfield
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Interactions is an interactive multimedia installation designed and realized by the author. The installation utilizes two neural network artist agents that act as virtual artists to manipulate a body of images, texts, and sounds collected from the internet as directed by audience participants. The piece addresses issues including competition in the arts, machine learning in media, the role of popular acceptance in art, and the relationship between raw materials and style in creating media.
Effects of information layout, screen size, and field of view on user performance in information-rich virtual environments
Authors: Nicholas F. Polys, Seonho Kim, Doug A. Bowman
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2005)

This paper describes our recent experimental evaluation of Information-Rich Virtual Environment (IRVE) interfaces. To explore the depth cue/visibility tradeoff between annotation schemes, we design and evaluate two information layout techniques to support search and comparison tasks. The techniques provide different depth and association cues between objects and their labels: labels were displayed either in the virtual world relative to their referent (Object Space) or on an image plane workspace (Viewport Space). The Software Field of View (SFOV) was controlled to 60 or 100 degrees of vertical angle and two groups were tested: those running on a single monitor and those on a tiled nine-panel display. Users were timed, tracked for correctness, and gave ratings for both difficulty and satisfaction on each task. Significant advantages were found for the Viewport interface, and for high SFOV. The interactions between these variables suggest special design considerations to effectively support search and comparison performance across monitor configurations and projection distortions.
The Essence of P2P: A Reference Architecture for Overlay Networks
Authors: Karl Aberer, Luc Onana Alima, Ali Ghodsi, Sarunas Girdzijauskas, Seif Haridi, Manfred Hauswirth
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (2005)

The success of the P2P idea has created a huge diversity of approaches, among which overlay networks, for example, Gnutella, Kazaa, Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, P-Grid, or DKS, have received specific attention from both developers and researchers. A wide variety of algorithms, data structures, and architectures have been proposed. The terminologies and abstractions used, however, have become quite inconsistent since the P2P paradigm has attracted people from many different communities, e.g., networking, databases, distributed systems, graph theory, complexity theory, biology, etc. In this paper we propose a reference model for overlay networks which is capable of modeling different approaches in this domain in a generic manner. It is intended to allow researchers and users to assess the properties of concrete systems, to establish a common vocabulary for scientific discussion, to facilitate the qualitative comparison of the systems, and to serve as the basis for defining a standardized API to make overlay networks interoperable.
Professional development as a means to increasing teachers' self-efficacy for technology integration
Authors: Carol Carson Gaither
Venue:  (2005)

The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of the integration of technology into educational classrooms and why teachers are reluctant to embrace this integration. Further, this study systemically evaluated the effects of professional development on teacher change in beliefs in and use of the given workshop focus (technology) and on learning outcomes in participant's classroom. The Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SOCQ) was administered to a treatment group of teachers who agreed to participate in a 40-hour workshop of intense technology training and to a control group of teachers who attended other technology workshops on a volunteer basis. Data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS for Windows version 11.0. Two one-way repeated measures of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the simple effect level were performed to examine the mean differences between the treatment group and the control group. The analysis results indicated a significant increase for the treatment group mean scores on the personal subscale and no significant increase or decrease for the control group. No significant differences (p = .05) occurred between the control group and the treatment group indicating that 40-hours of intense technology training may not be the answer to technology training for teachers. The data indicated an increase in all of the subscales, from pre-test to post-test, for the treatment group. The intense technology training workshop helped improve the integration of technology in the classrooms of the teachers who attended the workshop, but not to the extent that this workshop is the best way to provide professional development.
Clearwater: extensible, flexible, modular code generation
Authors: Galen S. Swint, Calton Pu, Gueyoung Jung, Wenchang Yan, Younggyun Koh, Qinyi Wu, Charles Consel, Akhil Sahai, Koichi Moriyama
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

Distributed applications typically interact with a number of heterogeneous and autonomous components that evolve independently. Methodical development of such applications can benefit from approaches based on domain-specific languages (DSLs). However, the evolution and customization of heterogeneous components introduces significant challenges to accommodating the syntax and semantics of a DSL in addition to the heterogeneous platforms on which they must run. In this paper, we address the challenge of implementing code generators for two such DSLs that are flexible (resilient to changes in generators or input formats), extensible (able to support multiple output targets and multiple input variants), and modular (generated code can be re-written). Our approach, Clearwater, leverages XML and XSLT standards: XML supports extensibility and mutability for in-progress specification formats, and XSLT provides flexibility and extensibility for multiple target languages. Modularity arises from using XML meta-tags in the code generator itself, which supports controlled addition, subtraction, or replacement to the generated code via XML-weaving. We discuss the use of our approach and show its advantages in two non-trivial code generators: the Infopipe Stub Generator (ISG) to support distributed flow applications, and the Automated Composable Code Translator to support automated distributed application deployment. As an example, the ISG accepts as input an XML description and generates output for C, C++, or Java using a number of communications platforms such as sockets and publish-subscribe.