ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Time-Compressing Speech: ASR Transcripts Are an Effective Way to Support Gist Extraction
Authors: Simon Tucker, Nicos Kyprianou, Steve Whittaker
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction (2008)

A major problem for users exploiting speech archives is the laborious nature of speech access. Prior work has developed methods that allow users to efficiently identify and access the gist of an archive using textual transcripts of the conversational recording. Text processing techniques are applied to these transcripts to identify unimportant parts of the recording and to excise these, reducing the time taken to identify the main points of the recording. However our prior work has relied on human-generated as opposed to automatically generated transcripts. Our study compares excision methods applied to human-generated and automatically generated transcripts with state of the art word error rates (38%). We show that both excision techniques provide equivalent support for gist extraction. Furthermore, both techniques perform better than the standard speedup techniques used in current applications. This suggests that excision is a viable technique for gist extraction in many practical situations.
Fuzzy logic based direct torque control scheme for split phase induction motor
Authors: A. R. Heidari, A. Khajeh
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on Automatic Control, Modelling & Simulation (2008)

In this paper, a Fuzzy logic based direct torque control (DTC) scheme for split phase induction motor (SPIM) is established. The induction motor has two sets of stator three-phase windings spatially shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The major disadvantage of conventional DTC is existence of high torque ripples. In this paper, we used a fuzzy logic controller to overcome this drawback. Simulation results show that in addition to a good dynamic response, torque ripple in this scheme is significantly reduced.
Multi-criterion Evaluation of Development Strategy Components in the Presence of Intangibles and Uncertainty
Authors: Miroslaw Dytczak, Grzegorz Ginda
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering (2008)

Regional development comprises a complex process. Therefore, its modelling requires application of appropriate tools. The tools have to be able to cope with diversity of issues including intangibility of utilised resources and obtained results, uncertainty with regard to available information, conflicts between different stakeholders etc. An approach for decision support with regard to sustainable development strategy components evaluation is introduced in the paper. It comprises combination of 3 components, namely: multi-criterion decision analysis, simulation and a concept of a game against nature. Each of the components makes it possible to address devoted sources of complexity. Due to computational requirements practical validation and utilisation of the approach is only possible using its software implementation. The implementation is still in development now. But preliminary results obtained for a sample problem of key development areas identification are encouraging.
Optical-Fiber Vortex Flowmeter Signal Processing Using Wavelet
Authors: Xiaolin Lin, Yutian Wang, Yang Ni, Jianxia Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 2 - Volume 02 (2008)

Optical-fiber vortex flowmeters are particularly applied in the measurement of fluid flows where instruments with no moving parts and wide range ability are required, especially under the flammable explosive environment. But because there is the impurity unavoidably, including the air bubble, the solid particle and so on, which makes the signal includes the massive noises and other indefinite ingredient, thus affects the authenticity of the data. It is widely acknowledged that process conditions influence the operation of a vortex flowmeter and that fluctuations in the flow affect the complex phenomenon of vortex street formation. In this paper, a digital signal processing algorithm based on wavelet method is presented. In the algorithm, a powerful mathematical tool—wavelet transform method is used to check out the frequency of the signal of the vortex flowmeter which has been submerged under the noises, and simulation results prove its feasibility.
Using Bayesian neural networks with ARD input selection to detect malignant ovarian masses prior to surgery
Authors: Ben Van Calster, Dirk Timmerman, Ian T. Nabney, Lil Valentin, Antonia C. Testa, Caroline Van Holsbeke, Ignace Vergote, Sabine Van Huffel
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2008)

In this paper, we applied Bayesian multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) using the evidence procedure to predict malignancy of ovarian masses in a large (n&#x00a0;=&#x00a0;1,066) multi-centre data set. Automatic relevance determination (ARD) was used to select the most relevant inputs. Fivefold cross-validation (5CV) and repeated 5CV was used to select the optimal combination of input set and number of hidden neurons. Results indicate good performance of the models with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.93&#x2013;0.94 on independent data. Comparison with a linear benchmark model and a previously developed logistic regression model shows that the present problem is very well linearly separable. A resampling analysis further shows that the number of hidden neurons specified in the ARD analyses for input selection may influence model performance. This paper shows that Bayesian MLPs, although not frequently used, are a useful tool for detecting malignant ovarian tumours.
Enhancing Program Verification with Lemmas
Authors: Huu Hai Nguyen, Wei-Ngan Chin
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computer Aided Verification (2008)

One promising approach to verifying heap-manipulating programs is based on user-defined inductive predicates in separation logic. This approach can describe data structures with complex invariants and sound reasoning based on unfold/fold. However, an important component towards more expressive program verification is the use of lemmas that can soundly relate predicates beyond their original definitions. This paper outlines a new automatic mechanism for proving and applying user-specified lemmas under separation logic.
Performance Evaluation of Embedded ECA Rule Engines: A Case Study
Authors: Pablo E. Guerrero, Kai Sachs, Stephan Butterweck, Alejandro Buchmann
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th European Performance Engineering Workshop on Computer Performance Engineering (2008)

Embedded systems operating on high data workloads are becoming pervasive. ECA rule engines provide a flexible environment to support the management, reconfiguration and execution of business rules. However, modeling the performance of a rule engine is challenging because of its reactive nature. In this work we present the performance analysis of an ECA rule engine in the context of a supply chain scenario. We compare the performance predictions against the measured results obtained from our performance tool set, and show that despite its simplicity the performance prediction model is reasonably accurate.
Modeling Healthcare Logistics in a Virtual World
Authors: Craig W. Thompson, Fran Hagstrom
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2008)

The 3D virtual world Second Life provides a free computing platform for to terraform virtual landscapes, build imaginative buildings or spaces, meet, socialize, and collaborate. Some universities and businesses have experimented with virtual classrooms and virtual stores. This article describes the beginnings of an experiment to use Second Life as a modeling platform for understanding pervasive computing in the domain of healthcare, specifically by building a "hospital of the future," complete with virtual RFID for tracking and providing location-aware services, smart networked equipment, restocking robots and the beginnings of workflow automation for modeling many hospital business processes. The same technology could be used to optimize hospital supply chains, test technologies like RFID in a model before full scale deployment, educate and train personnel, and simulate applications in other domains like retail or battlefields. This virtual world platform gives us insight into a future world where humans can communicate with the things as easily as they do with other humans.
Shape from shading under various imaging conditions
Authors: Abdelrehim H. Ahmed
Venue:  (2008)

Many different shape from shading (SFS) algorithms have emerged during the last three decades. Most of these algorithms have been developed under the simplifying assumptions of a Lambertian surface, an orthographic projection, and a distant light source. Due to the difficulty of the SFS problem, only a small number of algorithms have been proposed for surfaces with non-Lambertian reflectance, and among those, only very few algorithms are applicable for surfaces with specular and diffuse reflectance. In this work, a unified framework is proposed that is capable of solving the SFS problem under various settings of imaging conditions i.e., Lambertian or non-Lambertian, orthographic or perspective projection, and distant or nearby light source. The proposed approach represents the image irradiance equation of each setting as an explicit Partial Differential Equation (PDE). These equations have been solved using a fast numerical algorithm based on Lax-Friedrichs sweeping (LFS) method. Several comparisons with the state of the art of the SFS literature are given to evaluate the performance and the efficiency of the proposed approach.
A Symbolic Algorithm for the Synthesis of Bounded Petri Nets
Authors: J. Carmona, J. Cortadella, M. Kishinevsky, A. Kondratyev, L. Lavagno, A. Yakovlev
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (2008)

This paper presents an algorithm for the synthesis of bounded Petri nets from transition systems. A bounded Petri net is always provided in case it exists. Otherwise, the events are split into several transitions to guarantee the synthesis of a Petri net with bisimilar behavior. The algorithm uses symbolic representations of multisets of states to efficiently generate all the minimal regions. The algorithm has been implemented in a tool. Experimental results show a significant net reduction when compared with approaches for the synthesis of safe Petri nets.
Complexity of Monte Carlo Algorithms for a Class of Integral Equations
Authors: Ivan Dimov, Rayna Georgieva
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part I: ICCS 2007 (2007)

In this work we study the computational complexity of a class of grid Monte Carlo algorithms for integral equations. The idea of the algorithms consists in an approximation of the integral equation by a system of algebraic equations. Then the Markov chain iterative Monte Carlo is used to solve the system. The assumption here is that the corresponding Neumann series for the iterative matrix does not necessarily converge or converges slowly. We use a special technique to accelerate the convergence. An estimate of the computational complexity of Monte Carlo algorithm using the considered approach is obtained. The estimate of the complexity is compared with the corresponding quantity for the complexity of the grid-free Monte Carlo algorithm. The conditions under which the class of grid Monte Carlo algorithms is more efficient are given.
An Analysis of Human-to-Human Dialogs and Its Application to Assist Visually-Impaired People
Authors: Takuya Nishimoto, Takayuki Watanabe
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (2008)

A prototype lunch delivery web system for visually impaired was developed based on the analysis of human (a visually impaired who wants to order a lunch) to human (a sighted person who helps the visually impaired to decide lunch by reading aloud lunch menu) dialog. Based on the analysis, a prototype system was developed, which consists of three steps: 1) rough selection, 2) selection of favorites, and 3) final selection. The evaluation of the prototype system is performed by the visually impaired only with synthesized speech and key-board. The results showed that our system is effective and easy to use.
Iterative Learning Control Analysis Based on Hopfield Neural Networks
Authors: Jingli Kang, Wansheng Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks, Part III (2007)

Iterative learning control problem based on improved discrete-time Hopfield neural networks is considered in this paper. For the every process of iterative learning control, the neural networks execute a cycle that includes variable terms of learning time and training iterative number. The iterative learning control with improved Hopfield neural networks is formulated that can be described as a two-dimensional (2-D) Roesser model with variable coefficients. In terms of 2-D systems theory, sufficient conditions that iterative learning error approaches to zero are given. It has been shown that convergence of iterative learning control problem based on Hopfield neural networks is derived by 2-D systems theory instead of conventional algorithms that minimize a cost function.
Business intelligence solutions for gaining competitive advantage
Authors: Mihaela Muntean, Gabriela Mircea
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and data bases (2008)

Business Intelligence is the process for increasing the competitive advantage of a company by intelligent use of available data in decision-making. Only a revolutionary Business Intelligence solution, like the proposed portal-based collaborative business infrastructure or data warehouse environment, can solve the complex issues faced when evaluating decision support applications and ensures the availability of any business-critical information. Modern business technologies aim at supporting the key processes that are crucial for enterprises and organizations to successfully complete within an increasingly networked and globalizing economy.
Optimal Movement of Mobile Sensors for Barrier Coverage of a Planar Region
Authors: B. Bhattacharya, B. Burmester, Y. Hu, E. Kranakis, Q. Shi, A. Wiese
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications (2008)

Intrusion detection, area coverage and border surveillance are important applications of wireless sensor networks today. They can be (and are being) used to monitor large unprotected areas so as to detect intruders as they cross a border or as they penetrate a protected area. We consider the problem of how to optimally move mobile sensors to the fence (perimeter) of a region delimited by a simple polygon in order to detect intruders from either entering its interior or exiting from it. We discuss several related issues and problems, propose two models, provide algorithms and analyze their optimal mobility behavior.
AMBROSia: An Autonomous Model-Based Reactive Observing System
Authors: David Caron, Abhimanyu Das, Amit Dhariwal, Leana Golubchik, Ramesh Govindan, David Kempe, Carl Oberg, Abhishek Sharma, Beth Stauffer, Gaurav Sukhatme, Bin Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part I: ICCS 2007 (2007)

Observing systems facilitate scientific studies by instrumenting the real world and collecting corresponding measurements, with the aim of detecting and tracking phenomena of interest. Our AMBROSia project focuses on a class of observing systems which are embedded into the environment, consist of stationary and mobile sensors, and react to collected observations by reconfiguring the system and adapting which observations are collected next. In this paper, we report on recent research directions and corresponding results in the context of AMBROSia.
Problem frame patterns: an exploration of patterns in the problem space
Authors: Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, Paul R. Taylor, James Noble
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Pattern languages of programs (2006)

A problem frame is a generic, abstract description of the structure of a problem. Using a problem frame requires selecting a candidate frame from a catalog and mapping the specific parts of the problem into the principal parts of the frame. In this paper we present five patterns, one for each of Jackson's original problem frames. We hope that by writing about problem frames as patterns, we can make the frames themselves and their structure more explicit, and so expose problem frames to a wider audience.
Mutually Clock-Controlled Feedback Shift Registers Provide Resistance to Algebraic Attacks
Authors: Sultan Al Hinai, Lynn Margaret Batten, Bernard Colbert
Venue: Information Security and Cryptology: Third SKLOIS Conference, Inscrypt 2007, Xining, China, August 31 - September 5, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2007)

Algebraic attacks have been applied to several types of clock-controlled stream ciphers. However, to date there are no such attacks in the literature on mutually clock-controlled ciphers. In this paper, we present a preliminary step in this direction by giving the first algebraic analysis of mutually clock-controlled feedback shift register stream ciphers: the bilateral stop-and-go generator, A5/1, Alpha 1 and the MICKEY cipher. We show that, if there are no regularly clocked shift registers included in the system, mutually clock-controlled feedback shift register ciphers appear to be highly resistant to algebraic attacks. As a demonstration of the weakness inherent in the presence of a regularly clocked shift register, we present a simple algebraic attack on Alpha 1 based on only 29 keystream bits.
An Eye Gaze Tracking System Using Customized User Profiles to Help Persons with Motor Challenges Access Computers
Authors: Anaelis Sesin, Malek Adjouadi, Mercedes Cabrerizo, Melvin Ayala, Armando Barreto
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (2008)

The central aim of this study is to develop an adaptive real-time eye-gaze tracking (EGT) system that serves as an assistive tool for persons with motor challenges access computers with optimal practicality. The novelty of the proposed method is that it adapts to the different and changing jitter characteristics of each specific user, through the configuration and training of an artificial neural network (ANN). A profile, generated for each user by the ANN through a one-time short training session, comes to reinforce the stability of mouse-cursor movements. The user profile, which can be fine-tuned with additional training, and the methods for training are embedded in the proposed system. The results using 9 subjects show an average jitter reduction of 36% in test 1 which is to follow a moving target, and 53% for following the contour of a square, which resulted in eye-gaze displacements that are significantly smoother.
A Novel Method of Gait Synthesis for Bipedal Fast Locomotion
Authors: A. Meghdari, S. Sohrabpour, D. Naderi, S. H. Tamaddoni, F. Jafari, H. Salarieh
Venue: Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (2008)

Common methods of gait generation of bipedal locomotion based on experimental results, can successfully synthesize biped joints' profiles for a simple walking. However, most of these methods lack sufficient physical backgrounds which can cause major problems for bipeds when performing fast locomotion such as running and jumping. In order to develop a more accurate gait generation method, a thorough study of human running and jumping seems to be necessary. Most biomechanics researchers observed that human dynamics, during fast locomotion, can be modeled by a simple spring loaded inverted pendulum system. Considering this observation, a simple approach for bipedal gait generation in fast locomotion is introduced in this paper. This approach applies a nonlinear control method to synchronize the biped link-segmental dynamics with the spring-mass dynamics. This is done such that while the biped center of mass follows the trajectory of the mass-spring model, the whole biped performs the desired running/jumping process. A computer simulation is done on a three-link under-actuated biped model in order to obtain the robot joints' profiles which ensure repeatable hopping. The initial results are found to be satisfactory, and improvements are currently underway to explore and enhance the capabilities of the proposed method.
Call Classification with Hundreds of Classes and Hundred Thousands of Training Utterances ... ... and No Target Domain Data
Authors: David Suendermann, Phillip Hunter, Roberto Pieraccini
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems (2008)

This paper reports about an effort to build a large-scale call router able to reliably distinguish among 250 call reasons. Because training data from the specific application (Target) domain was not available, the statistical classifier was built using more than 300,000 transcribed and annotated utterances from related, but different, domains. Several tuning cycles including three re-annotation rounds, in-lab data recording, bag-of-words-based consistency cleaning, and recognition parameter optimization improved the classifier accuracy from 32% to a performance clearly above 70%.
Protecting Privacy in Continuous Location-Tracking Applications
Authors: Marco Gruteser, Xuan Liu
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2004)

Although some users might willingly subscribe to location-tracking services, few would be comfortable having their location known in all situations. The authors investigate disclosure control algorithms that hide users' positions in sensitive areas and withhold path information that indicates which areas they have visited.
Personalization Using Ontologies and Rules
Authors: Thanh Tran, Haofen Wang, Steffen Lamparter, Philipp Cimiano
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems (2008)

Adaptive hypermedia systems can alleviate information overload on the Web by personalising the delivery of resources to the user. These systems are however afflicted with difficulties in the acquisition of user data as well as the general lack of user control on and transparency of the systems' adaptive behavior. In this paper, we argue that the use of rules on top of ontologies can enable adaptive functionality that is both transparent and controllable for users. To this end, we sketch ODAS, a domain ontology for adaptive hypermedia systems, and a model for the specification of adaptation rules.
Simulation of Ground-Truth Validation Data Via Physically- and Statistically-Based Warps
Authors: Ghassan Hamarneh, Preet Jassi, Lisa Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention - Part I (2008)

The problem of scarcity of ground-truth expert delineations of medical image data is a serious one that impedes the training and validation of medical image analysis techniques. We develop an algorithm for the automatic generation of large databases of annotated images from a single reference dataset. We provide a web-based interface through which the users can upload a reference data set (an image and its corresponding segmentation and landmark points), provide custom setting of parameters, and, following server-side computations, generate and download an arbitrary number of novel ground-truth data, including segmentations, displacement vector fields, intensity non-uniformity maps, and point correspondences. To produce realistic simulated data, we use variational (statistically-based) and vibrational (physically-based) spatial deformations, nonlinear radiometric warps mimicking imaging non-homogeneity, and additive random noise with different underlying distributions. We outline the algorithmic details, present sample results, and provide the web address to readers for immediate evaluation and usage.