ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Virtual machines jailed: virtualization in systems with small trusted computing bases
Authors: Michael Peter, Henning Schild, Adam Lackorzynski, Alexander Warg
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st EuroSys Workshop on Virtualization Technology for Dependable Systems (2009)

The trusted computing base of legacy applications can be reduced significantly by separating their security-critical parts into dedicated protection domains. As yet, paravirtualization has been used to host the non-secure portion. The applicability of this approach is limited by the need of source code access. We show how to implement efficient virtual machines in a microkernel-based system enabling the reuse of arbitrary operating systems. We found that the performance is on par with other virtual machine implementations, while security-sensitive applications retain their small trusted computing base. In fact, the kernel growth is marginal (500 SLOC), other security-critical components are not affected.
Statistical modeling of metal-gate work-function variability in emerging device technologies and implications for circuit design
Authors: Hamed Dadgour, Vivek De, Kaustav Banerjee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (2008)

For the first time, a new source of random threshold voltage (Vth) fluctuation in emerging metal-gate transistors is identified, analytically modeled and investigated for its device and circuit-level implications. The new source of variability, christened Work-Function Variation (WFV), is caused by the dependency of metal work-function on the orientation of its grains. A statistical framework is developed, which enables estimation of the key parameters of work-function distribution by identifying the physical dimensions of the devices and properties of materials used in the fabrication. This paper offers three major contributions for process, device and circuit designers. First, the proposed model can be employed to identify suitable materials and fabrication processes that can reduce the impact of Vth fluctuation due to WFV. For instance, four types of metal nitride gate materials (TiN and TaN for NMOS and WN and MoN for PMOS devices) are studied and it is shown that TiN and WN result in lower Vth fluctuation. Second, device engineers can benefit from the result of this work by evaluating the WFV level of various types of classical or non-classical metal-gate CMOS transistors. As an example, it is shown that FinFET transistors are less affected by WFV compared to FD-SOI and Bulk-Si devices due to their larger gate area. Third, circuit designers can utilize this model to investigate the impact of such a variation on the key performance and reliability parameters of the circuits. For instance, an SRAM cell is analyzed in the presence of Vth fluctuations due to WFV and it is shown that such variations can result in considerable performance and reliability degradation.
Luminance Adjustment in Image and Video
Authors: Wen-Ju Tsai, Timothy K. Shih, Yuan-Yu Chao, Hsing-Ying Zhong
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing (2008)

It is a important issue that luminance coherent in the sequence video. After adjusting in the video, and then we can see the clearly image with accordant luminance. In addition, inpainting the intensity in image or video, the image will display the new intensity. We can see the image different and get better than original intensity. Moreover, we maybe also adjust intensity contrast, make sure the detail color and luminance appear same coordinate color. In these issue, we try to use average intensity to solve luminance in video. We can calculate the middle intensity with the frames average intensity, and then we get the threshold help us for fixing the image intensity. And we can use histogram and tensor voting to solve luminance difference in image. We will show the experiment in this research. Then, we will compare these two methods, the result in histogram and tensor voting.
NaviView: Bird's-Eye View for Highway Drivers Using Roadside Cameras
Authors: Eitaro Ichihara, Hiroyuki Takao, Yuichi Ohta
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

AHS(Automated Highway System) will increase the traffic potential of highways because it enables drivers to shorten the distance between cars. On the other hand, AHS may make the drivers uncomfortable because it presents them with a reduced field of vision of the car ahead and may induce anxiety over the reliability of the control system. In order to improve the comfort of drivers under the control of AHS, it is necessary to recover the driver's field of vision.In this paper, we propose NaviView system for this purpose of recovery. In AHS, the entire traffic load on the highway is visually monitored by many roadside video cameras. NaviView utilizes these video images for the recovery of the driver's visual field. It enables the driver to observe the behavior of other cars by means of a virtual view from a point just above his car. The virtual view presented to the driver is generated by combining the video images of the fixed roadside cameras. The proposed algorithm was tested by using a miniature highway model and a real road scene.
Understanding the Financial Score
Authors: Henry E. Riggs
Venue: Synthesis Lectures On Technology, Management And Entrepreneurship (2007)

Financial statements and information drawn from them confront us daily: in the media, in corporate annual reports, in the treasurers reports for clubs or religious groups, in documents provided to employees and managers, as one considers alternative investments, in documents provided by homeowners association and government agencies. Various readers of a companys financial score make decisions based on financial information: the companys managers devise actions to improve operations; investors buy or sell the corporations securities; creditors decide how much to lend; customers judge the reliability of this supplier; potential employees decide whether to invest their careers in the company. If you are training to be an accountant, find another book. This books objective is to increase your ability to draw useful information from financial statements, and thus to make better decisionsin both your personal life and your professional life. Studying this book should help you be a better manager. That is both its objective and its perspective. The book starts at square one; it assumes no prior knowledge on your part. To increase your financial literacy, you will learn the common nomenclature (but not esoteric jargon) used by accountants and financial experts. You will be equipped to ask insightful questions of experts, to engage them and your colleagues in thoughtful debates about financial and accounting issues, and to make better decisions.
A multi-stage collaborative filtering approach for mobile recommendation
Authors: Li-Hua Li, Fu-Ming Lee, Yu-Chun Chen, Chieh-Yu Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (2009)

Location-based and personalized services are the key factors for promoting user satisfaction. However, most service providers did not consider the needs of mobile user in terms of their location and event-participation. Consequently, the service provider may lose the chance for better service and profit. In this paper, we present a Multi-stage Collaborative Filtering (MSCF) process to provide event recommendation based on mobile user's location. To achieve this purpose, the Collaborative Filtering (CF) technique is employed and the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) network is applied to cluster mobile users according to their personal profile. Sequential pattern mining is, then, used to discover the correlations between events for recommendation. The MSCF is designed not only to recommend for the old registered mobile user (ORMU), but also to handle the cold-start problem for new registered mobile user (NRMU). This research is designed to achieve the followings. (1) To present a personalized event recommendation system for mobile users. (2) To discover mobile users' moving patterns. (3) To provide recommendations based on mobile users' preferences. (4) To overcome the cold-start problem for new registered mobile user. The experimental results of this research show that the MSCF is able to accomplish the above purposes and shows better outcome for cold-start problem when comparing with user-based CF and item-based CF.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy computing technique for suspended sediment estimation
Authors: Ozgur Kisi, Tefaruk Haktanir, Mehmet Ardiclioglu, Ozgur Ozturk, Ekrem Yalcin, Salih Uludag
Venue: Advances in Engineering Software (2009)

This paper investigates the accuracy of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy computing technique in suspended sediment estimation. The monthly streamflow and suspended sediment data from two stations, Kuylus and Salur Koprusu, in Kizilirmak Basin in Turkey are used as case studies. The estimation results obtained by using the neuro-fuzzy technique are tested and compared with those of the artificial neural networks and sediment rating curves. Root mean squared errors, mean absolute errors and correlation coefficient statistics are used as comparing criteria for the evaluation of the models' performances. The comparison results reveal that the neuro-fuzzy models can be employed successfully in monthly suspended sediment estimation.
Critical issues in interaction design
Authors: Mark Blythe, Jeffrey Bardzell, Shaowen Bardzell, Alan Blackwell
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd British CHI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2008: People and Computers XXII: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 2 (2008)

Computing technology is now so entwined with everyday life that enquiries into human computer interaction (HCI) are also studies of society and culture Cultural and Critical theory is then increasingly relevant to studies of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). It is both timely and important to develop understandings of the strengths and limitations of the various perspectives available within the fractious traditions of cultural and critical theory. This workshop will consider the challenges of making such theory relevant and accessible to HCI and interaction design.
Influencing users towards better passwords: persuasive cued click-points
Authors: Sonia Chiasson, Alain Forget, Robert Biddle, P. C. van Oorschot
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on HCI 2008: People and Computers XXII: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1 (2008)

Usable security has unique usability challenges because the need for security often means that standard human-computer-interaction approaches cannot be directly applied. An important usability goal for authentication systems is to support users in selecting better passwords, thus increasing security by expanding the effective password space. In click-based graphical passwords, poorly chosen passwords lead to the emergence of hotspots -- portions of the image where users are more likely to select click-points, allowing attackers to mount more successful dictionary attacks. We use persuasion to influence user choice in click-based graphical passwords, encouraging users to select more random, and hence more secure, click-points. Our approach is to introduce persuasion to the Cued Click-Points graphical password scheme (Chiasson, van Oorschot, Biddle, 2007). Our resulting scheme significantly reduces hotspots while still maintaining its usability.
Towards a more efficient static software change impact analysis method
Authors: Mohammad-Amin Jashki, Reza Zafarani, Ebrahim Bagheri
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering (2008)

Impact analysis methods are commonly employed to reduce the likelihood of encountering faulty or unexpected behavior from a software program as a result of developers' oblivious modifications. In this paper, we propose a static impact analysis technique that creates clusters of closely associated software program files based on their co-modification history in the software repository. The proposed method benefits from dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the complexity of the collected information and perform the impact analysis process faster. The method has been tested on four different open source project repositories, namely Firefox, Firebird, Thunderbird, and FileZilla. The results of the impact analysis method performance in terms of precision (impact set identification accuracy) and execution time cost have been reported in this paper. The proposed method shows promising behavior when used with several specific clustering techniques such as DBscan and X-Means.
Green computing: reducing energy cost and carbon footprint of information processing systems
Authors: Massoud Pedram
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2009)

Digital information management is the key enabler for unprecedented rise in productivity and efficiency gains experienced by the world economies during the 21st century. Information processing systems have thus become essential to the functioning of business, service, academic, and governmental institutions. As institutions increase their offerings of digital information services, the demand for computation and storage capability also increases. Examples include online banking, e-filing of taxes, music and video downloads, online shipment tracking, real-time inventory/supply-chain management, electronic medical recording, insurance database management, surveillance and disaster recovery. It is estimated that, in some industries, the number of records that must be retained is growing at a CAGR of 50 percent or greater. This exponential increase in the digital intensity of human existence is driven by many factors, including ease of use and availability of a rich set of information technology (IT) devices and services. Indeed, it would be difficult to imagine how significant societal transformations that better our world could occur without the productivity and innovation enabled by the IT. Unfortunately, the energy cost and carbon footprint of the IT devices and services has become exorbitant. Moreover, current technological and digital service utilization trends result in a doubling of the energy cost of the IT infrastructure and its carbon footprint in less than five years. In an energy-constrained world, this consumption trend is unsustainable and comes at increasingly unacceptable societal and environmental costs. This presentation will first explain what is meant by green computing and how greenness of information processing may be quantified. Next, energy-efficient computing paradigms which utilize chip multi-processing, multiple-voltage domains, dynamic voltage/frequency scaling, and power/clock gating techniques will be reviewed. Finally, techniques for improving performance per Watt of large-scale information processing and storage systems (e.g., a data center), including hierarchical dynamic power management, task placement and scheduling, energy balancing, resource virtualization, and application optimizations that dynamically configure hardware for higher efficiency will be discussed.
Collaborative learning as a collective competence when students use the potential of meaning in asynchronous dialogues
Authors: Lisbeth Amhag, Anders Jakobsson
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

The aim of this study is to examine and to describe how student teachers engaged in courses in web-based learning environments over a period of 40-weeks develop a collective competence to collaborate. The collective competence of collaboration is defined as the level of learning ability a group of students express when using dialogues as a tool for their own and other's learning in a web-based learning environment. The students' contributions to the course assignments, the group responses and the collaborative discussions and dialogues were analysed and interpreted based on Bakhtin's and Rommetveit's theories on dialogic interactions and meaning potentials. The results describe three different levels at which students use dialogues as a tool for learning when they collaborate within the group.
Generic simulation for rail-road container terminals
Authors: Thouraya Benna, Manfred Gronalt
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

Hinterland terminals enable the transshipment of containers between various modes of transport and play a significant role in intermodal freight transportation. In this paper we present a simulation-based tool, that can be used to plan and design a rail-road container terminal, by simulating different terminal configuration in advance and accessing performance and utilization limits of the planned terminal.
A low-cost multiprocessor for student experimentation: nifty course assignment presentation
Authors: Chuck Pheatt
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2009)

Recent years have seen a marked change in computer architecture. Multi-core processors are routinely appearing in personal computers as well as GPS, cell phones and other devices. Developing applications that utilize parallel computer architectures are an important element in the undergraduate computer science curriculum as defined in CC2001 [1]. CC2001 specifically addresses multiprocessing and parallel computing in sections; AL11. Parallel algorithms, AR7. Multiprocessing and alternative architectures and CN4. High-performance computing. Complying with these requirements is typically addressed by using cluster or grid computing activities or using multithreaded programming assignments to illustrate concurrency issues. The emphasis is typically on understanding data dependencies in implementing concurrent and parallel algorithms.
Optimal Key Tree Structure for Deleting Two or More Leaves
Authors: Weiwei Wu, Minming Li, Enhong Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (2008)

We study the optimal tree structure for the key management problem. In the key tree, when two or more leaves are deleted or replaced, the updating cost is defined to be the number of encryptions needed to securely update the remaining keys. Our objective is to find the optimal tree structure where the worst case updating cost is minimum. We first prove the degree upper bound (k + 1)2 - 1 when k leaves are deleted from the tree. Then we focus on the 2-deletion problem and prove that the optimal tree is a balanced tree with certain root degree 5 &le; d &le; 7 where the number of leaves in the subtrees differs by at most one and each subtree is a 2-3 tree.
Online games-based child safety environment
Authors: Christian Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment (2008)

The Child Safety Awareness Project develops an online games-based educational resource to provide anti-abduction and sexual abuse prevention strategies for children aged 6 to 8. The key messages and strategies are based on global best practice and advice from the Queensland Police Service, the Crime and Misconduct Commission and Education Queensland, and designed to increase the child's awareness of situations which might impact upon their personal safety and to empower them with the ability to act appropriately. The online resources will be used as part of teacher supported activities within the classroom, as well as more widely accessible from a secure Internet site. The project evaluates the learning of children and usage of messages and strategies, and the affect of the resource on the child's self-esteem and confidence.
Comparison between the MHFEM formulation and a 2nd spatial order FV formulation of the linear groundwater flow problem
Authors: Costanza Arico, Tullio Tucciarelli
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Simulation, modelling and optimization (2008)

Mixed and Mixed Hybrid Finite Elements (MHFE) methods have been widely used in the last decade for simulation of groundwater flow problem, petroleum reservoir problems, potential flow problems, etc. The main advantage of these methods is that, unlike the classical Galerkin approach, they guarantee local and global mass balance, as well the flux continuity between inter-element sides. The simple shape of the control volume, where the mass conservation is satisfied, makes also easier to couple this technique with a Finite Volume technique in the time splitting approach for the solution of advection-dispersion problems. In the present paper a new second spatial approximation order Finite Volume formulation (FV2) for triangular irregular meshes, is proposed for the solution of the linear groundwater flow problem and the numerical results are compared with the corresponding one given by a MHFE method. It can be shown that the FV2 approach is equivalent to the MHFE approach in the case of isotropic medium and regular or mildly irregular mesh, but has a smaller number of unknowns and better matrix properties. In the case of irregular mesh, an approximation is proposed to maintain the superior matrix properties of the FV2 approach, with the consequent introduction of a small error in the computed solution.
Web Design Patterns: Investigating User Goals and Browsing Strategies
Authors: Paloma Díaz, Mary Beth Rosson, Ignacio Aedo, John. M. Carroll
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on End-User Development (2009)

Design patterns document in a systematic way design solutions to recurrent problems and they are expressed using non-technical terms, so that a wider audience can understand them. Thus they could be useful tools to improve communication in interdisciplinary teams and to integrate end-users in participatory design processes. However, the difficulties of using patterns go beyond the lexicon used in the patterns description. The individuals who might use the patterns may be following different strategies when browsing a collection of patterns, strategies that are determined by their goal at a specific point during the development process. Moreover, the strategy they follow can have some influence in the quality of the proposed solution. In this paper we describe an empirical study that has been performed to answer some of these questions. In the study we gathered information on browsing strategies and user goals when using a patterns catalogue to design a web system. We also analyzed the relation among the goal and the strategy as well as their impact in the quality of the use of the patterns. This investigation is part of a larger project intended to design patterns catalogues that take into account the goals and expectations of their end-users, who are not necessarily experts either on web design or on design patterns.
2-(31,15,7), 2-(35,17,8) and 2-(36,15,6) designs with automorphisms of odd prime order, and their related Hadamard matrices and codes
Authors: Iliya Bouyukliev, Veerle Fack, Joost Winne
Venue: Designs, Codes and Cryptography (2009)

We present the full classification of Hadamard 2-(31,15,7), Hadamard 2-(35, 17,8) and Menon 2-(36,15,6) designs with automorphisms of odd prime order. We also give partial classifications of such designs with automorphisms of order 2. These classifications lead to related Hadamard matrices and self-dual codes. We found 76166 Hadamard matrices of order 32 and 38332 Hadamard matrices of order 36, arising from the classified designs. Remarkably, all constructed Hadamard matrices of order 36 are Hadamard equivalent to a regular Hadamard matrix. From our constructed designs, we obtained 37352 doubly-even [72,36,12] codes, which are the best known self-dual codes of this length until now.