ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Estimating annotation cost for active learning in a multi-annotator environment
Authors: Shilpa Arora, Eric Nyberg, Carolyn P. Rosé
Venue: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2009 Workshop on Active Learning for Natural Language Processing (2009)

We present an empirical investigation of the annotation cost estimation task for active learning in a multi-annotator environment. We present our analysis from two perspectives: selecting examples to be presented to the user for annotation; and evaluating selective sampling strategies when actual annotation cost is not available. We present our results on a movie review classification task with rationale annotations. We demonstrate that a combination of instance, annotator and annotation task characteristics are important for developing an accurate estimator, and argue that both correlation coefficient and root mean square error should be used for evaluating annotation cost estimators.
Probabilistic analysis and interdependence discovery in the user interactions of a video news on demand service
Authors: Roberto García, Xabiel G. Pañeda, David Melendi, Victor Garcia
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2009)

Accurate workload prediction in multimedia systems requires a description of both its probabilistic properties and the interdependence between the variables of the system. This paper analyzes the interactions of the users of a news and entertainment video-on-demand service (LNE TV, http://tv.lne.es) during six months of activity. The analysis was performed using information extracted from the server logs, analyzing more than 300,000 requests for almost 1500 videos. The type of content on the site and the structure of LNE TV, which is similar to most Internet news services supported by a traditional newspaper, make this work an interesting case study, and the results can be easily extrapolated to similar audio/video streaming services. This paper shows that client interactivity in multimedia systems has the dependence structure of a stochastic process. In previous work, this type of study has been carried out in a single variable, whereas the user interactions in actual multimedia systems are multivariate. In this context, we have used copulas to create distributions to model correlated data. In our study, we model user interactions depending on their marginal univariate distributions and their correlation coefficient with the length of the videos.
On Computational Models for Flash Memory Devices
Authors: Deepak Ajwani, Andreas Beckmann, Riko Jacob, Ulrich Meyer, Gabriel Moruz
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (2009)

Flash memory-based solid-state disks are fast becoming the dominant form of end-user storage devices, partly even replacing the traditional hard-disks. Existing two-level memory hierarchy models fail to realize the full potential of flash-based storage devices. We propose two new computation models, the general flash model and the unit-cost model, for memory hierarchies involving these devices. Our models are simple enough for meaningful algorithm design and analysis. In particular, we show that a broad range of existing external-memory algorithms and data structures based on the merging paradigm can be adapted efficiently into the unit-cost model. Our experiments show that the theoretical analysis of algorithms on our models corresponds to the empirical behavior of algorithms when using solid-state disks as external memory.
Comparing the performance of us college football teams in the web and on the field
Authors: Martin Klein, Olena Hunsicker, Michael L. Nelson
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia (2009)

In previous research it has been shown that link-based web page metrics can be used to predict experts' assessment of quality. We are interested in a related question: do expert rankings of real-world entities correlate with search engine (SE) rankings of corresponding web resources? To answer this question we compared rankings of college football teams in the US with rankings of their associated web resources. We looked at the weekly polls released by the Associated Press (AP) and USA Today Coaches Poll. Both rank the top 25 teams according to the aggregated expertise of sports writers and college football coaches. For the entire 2008 season (8/2008 { 1/2009), we compared the ranking of teams (top 10 and top 25) according to the polls with the rankings of one to eight URLs associated with each team in Google, Live Search and Yahoo. We found moderate to high correlations between the final rankings of 2007 and the SE ranking in mid 2008 but the correlation between the polls and the SEs steadily decreased as the season went on. We believe this is because the rankings in the web graph (as reported via SEs) have "inertia" and do not rapidly fluctuate as do the teams' on the field fortunes.
PICKY
Authors: Babak Alipanahi, Xin Gao, Emre Karakoc, Logan Donaldson, Ming Li
Venue: Bioinformatics (2009)

Motivation: Picking peaks from experimental NMR spectra is a key unsolved problem for automated NMR protein structure determination. Such a process is a prerequisite for resonance assignment, nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) distance restraint assignment, and structure calculation tasks. Manual or semi-automatic peak picking, which is currently the prominent way used in NMR labs, is tedious, time consuming and costly. Results: We introduce new ideas, including noise-level estimation, component forming and sub-division, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based peak picking and peak pruning and refinement. PICKY is developed as an automated peak picking method. Different from the previous research on peak picking, we provide a systematic study of the proposed method. PICKY is tested on 32 real 2D and 3D spectra of eight target proteins, and achieves an average of 88% recall and 74% precision. PICKY is efficient. It takes PICKY on average 15.7 s to process an NMR spectrum. More important than these numbers, PICKY actually works in practice. We feed peak lists generated by PICKY to IPASS for resonance assignment, feed IPASS assignment to SPARTA for fragments generation, and feed SPARTA fragments to FALCON for structure calculation. This results in high-resolution structures of several proteins, for example, TM1112, at 1.25 Å. Availability: PICKY is available upon request. The peak lists of PICKY can be easily loaded by SPARKY to enable a better interactive strategy for rapid peak picking. Contact: mli@uwaterloo.ca
Design patterns to support teaching of automata theory
Authors: Agathe Merceron
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2009)

Deterministic finite automata (DFA) are taught in courses like "formal foundations of computer science". It is quite a challenge to get students interested and proficient in that field. This contribution presents a set of design patterns to help teachers teach and students learn the design of DFA.
Robotic Recall: Designing Cognitive Robotic Systems Using Working Memory
Authors: Will Dodd
Venue:  (2007)

The field of cognitive robotics attempts to design embodied artificial intelligence systems through inspiration from human psychology. Often in robotics it is assumed that, because hard drives are capable of holding massive amounts of data, a robot should store all information it comes across for use in generating future behaviors. This work shows how this brute-force approach to robotic memory management is flawed and proposes a memory management system based on the principles of John Anderson's ACT-R cognitive architecture. The creation and implementation of this memory system is detailed for a cognitive robot. Three types of memory systems are outlined and implemented for ISAC, a humanoid robot. An adaptive working memory system is also detailed to tie the memory systems to the cognitive control of the robot. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the new memory system and to demonstrate correct tuning. This book is addressed to robotic scientists as well as computational psychologists. It is intended to demonstrate some principles of memory design for any researcher studying embodied artificial intelligence. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Is Linux Better than Windows Software?
Authors: Adenekan (Nick) Dedeke
Venue: IEEE Software (2009)

The evidence is not that clear-cut on whether Linux's performance and quality are higher than those of Windows.
Dependency in Cooperative Boolean Games
Authors: Luigi Sauro, Leendert Torre, Serena Villata
Venue: Proceedings of the Third KES International Symposium on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications (2009)

Cooperative boolean games are coalitional games with both goals and costs associated to actions, and dependence networks for boolean games are a kind of social networks representing how the actions of other agents have an influence on the achievement of an agent's goal. In this paper, we introduce two new types of dependence networks, called the abstract dependence network and the refined dependence network. Moreover, we show that the notion of stability is complete with respect to the solution concept of the core in the case of cooperative boolean games with costly actions. We present a reduction, called Δ-reduction, to pass from a cooperative boolean game G to game G¿ without loosing solutions.
Goal Revision for a Rational Agent
Authors: Célia da Costa Pereira, Andrea G. B. Tettamanzi, Leila Amgoud
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy (2006)

We propose a general framework to represent changes in the mental state of a rational agent due to the acquisition of new information and/or to the arising of new desires; fundamental postulates and properties of the function which generates the goal set are also provided.
Stigmergic reasoning over hierarchical task networks
Authors: H. V. Parunak, T. Belding, R. Bisson, S. Brueckner, E. Downs, R. Hilscher
Venue: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2 (2009)

Stigmergy, usually used on simple problems, can be applied to more complex ones by encoding them in the agents' environment. We show how stigmergic agents can plan over a hierarchical task network, a resource-oriented dialect of the T&AElig;MS language. Our results reveal an important distinction among HTN's.
Value of project management: a case study
Authors: Pasi Ojala
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications (2009)

The amount of software has increased in several products. Software projects have become more complex and their management requires significant amount of skills from every project manager. The amount of available resources, strict budgets, cost control and need for accurate reporting and documentation as well as good quality are part of every project managers' life. As business challenges project managers more and more it would be useful to know what areas of project management create biggest value to the projects. Value Engineering has been a usable method for developing high value products for several years. It has been applied successfully to software processes as well as to software product development. This research analyses the value of project management using Value Engineering based value assessment. This is done in part by defining the concepts of value, worth, cost and in part by outlining the Value Engineering process with project management practices. The practical industrial case shows that there is big variety in value between typical project management tasks. It also shows that value of project management tasks can be improved using value Engineering based value assessment.
Pythagorean-Hodograph Curves: Algebra and Geometry Inseparable, 1st edition
Authors: Rida Farouki
Venue:  (2007)

By virtue of their special algebraic structures, Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) curves offer unique advantages for computer-aided design and manufacturing, robotics, motion control, path planning, computer graphics, animation, and related fields. This book offers a comprehensive and self-contained treatment of the mathematical theory of PH curves, including algorithms for their construction and examples of their practical applications. Special features include an emphasis on the interplay of ideas from algebra and geometry and their historical origins, detailed algorithm descriptions, and many figures and worked examples. The book may appeal, in whole or in part, to mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers.
Real-time expressive gaze animation for virtual humans
Authors: Marcus Thiebaux, Brent Lance, Stacy Marsella
Venue: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1 (2009)

Gaze is an extremely important aspect of human face to face interaction. Over the course of an interaction, a single individual's gaze can perform many different functions, such as regulating communication, expressing emotion, and attending to task performance. When gaze shifts occur, where they are directed, and how they are performed all provide critical information to an observer of the gaze shift. The goal of this work is to allow virtual humans to mimic the gaze capabilities of humans in face to face interaction. This paper introduces the SmartBody Gaze Controller (SBGC), a highly versatile framework for realizing various manners of gaze through a rich set of input parameters. Using these parameters, the SBCG controls aspects of movement such as velocity, postural bias, and the selection of joints committed to a particular gaze task. We provide a preliminary implementation that demonstrates how related work on the Expressive Gaze Model (EGM) can be used to inform management of these input parameters. The EGM is a model for manipulating the style of gaze shifts for the purpose of expressing emotion [11]. The SBGC is fully compatible with all aspects of the SmartBody system [23].
Adobe Photoshop Elements 6: A Visual Introduction to Digital Photography
Authors: Philip Andrews
Venue:  (2007)

If you are an amateur or professional photographer who works with digital images and wants great results fast, this essential, easy-to-follow guide from world-renowned Adobe Photoshop Elements expert Philip Andrews is for you! There are countless ways to use Adobe's powerful Elements 6 software, and Andrews helps you with the skills to conquer them all; from turning ordinary photos into extraordinary scrapbooks, calendars, and albums to making business cards, flyers, and other promotional materials for your organization quickly and economically. Real-life examples and precise, easy-to-follow step-by-step instructions will help you get up to speed with Elements 6 fast for the results you want in no time, whether your photographs are from your digital camera or scanned images from film and slides. If it's in Elements, it's in this book. Andrews covers tried and true tools which have been revamped to better suit photographers' needs, such as the Adjust Color Curves and Convert to Black and White features, the Brightness/Contrast feature, and a smoother workflow for the creation of photo projects such as Photo Books, Photo Collage, Online Galleries, CD/DVD Jackets, and CD/DVD Labels. He also dives into the exciting, all-new features of Elements 6 such as:*The Quick Selection Tool *Fantastic Photomerge technology for group shots and faces, which lets you combine the best pieces from multiple images *Direct copy to CD/DVD to speed up your workflow when you need to copy several images to disc quickly *The Guided Edit Workshop with interactive technique tutorials *Smart Albums, to automatically add photos that match certain criteria to your Album *The Refine Edge feature, which allows you to control how smooth or feathered the edges of your images appear *A Task Pane with five different Task Modes (Organize, Fix, Create, Share and Edit) to help you manage the processing of your images.and much, much more. Whatever your organizing, editing, creating, and sharing needs are, you'll find clear-cut, no-nonsense answers in this introductory book/CD/website learning package. If you find yourself getting stuck, Philip is just a click away with over two hours of superb video tutorials on the included CD. Or, visit the book's website, www.guide2elements.com, for updates and more images that you can use to practice your new skills. Written by a photographer for photographers, this book is for those who want to know the techniques that get results and can be put into practice immediately. *Best-selling author and world-renowned Elements expert Philip Andrews guides you through the latest and greatest features in this incredible software with easy-to-follow, precise step-by-step instructions*Think again before you hit that delete button - beautiful, full color images show you how to rework ordinary shots into extraordinary pieces of art*Begin practicing your new skills immediately with over TWO HOURS of superb video tutorials included on the CD
HIHEREI: human interaction within hybrid environments regulated through electronic institutions
Authors: Ismel Brito, Isaac Pinyol, Daniel Villatoro, Jordi Sabater-Mir
Venue: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2 (2009)

In this paper we present an application build on top of electronic institutions in order to create a remote experimental platform for human and virtual agents. Our software objectives are twofold: (1) provide experiment designers with a tool to design an experiment where human and virtual agents will interact, and, (2) provide experimental subjects with a friendly interface to interact with virtual agents through an electronic institution.
Conservativity in Structured Ontologies
Authors: Oliver Kutz, Till Mossakowski
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2008)

Using category theoretic notions, in particular diagrams and their colimits, we provide a common semantic backbone for various notions of modularity in structured ontologies, and outline a general approach for representing (heterogeneous) combinations of ontologies through interfaces of various kinds, based on the theory of institutions. This covers theory interpretations, (definitional) language extensions, symbol identifications, and conservative extensions. In particular, we study the problem of inheriting conservativity between sub-theories in a diagram to its colimit ontology, and apply this to the problem of localisation of reasoning in 'modular ontology languages' such as DDLs or E-connections.
Towards Automatic Construction of News Directory Systems
Authors: Bin Liu, Pham Van Hai, Tomoya Noro, Takehiro Tokuda
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIX (2008)

Currently news sites and news index sites basically provide streams of news with simple classifications or keyword based searching with publication data. When we try to search for news involving a number of potential keywords or unknown keywords, then the task becomes manually tedious or almost impossible. We present automatic methods for constructing news directory systems which contain collections of news index information with flat or hierarchical classification structures. This directory structure enables us to reach the news articles without knowing the keywords exactly. We implemented and evaluated one sample news directory system.
Proceedings of the International Joint Workshop on Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine and its Applications
Authors: Nigel Collier, Patrick Ruch, Adeline Nazarenko
Venue: International Conference On Computational Linguistics (2004)

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the application of NLP techniques to texts in the domains of biology and medicine. The problem of information overload that has resulted from the massive growth in the scientific literature has clearly shown the necessity to automatically locate, organize and manage facts relating to experimental results. At the same time clinicians have experienced greatly improved access to the medical literature and clinical repositories which needs to be matched by the development of enhanced information access tools. This year NLPBA (http://www.genisis.ch/~natlang/NLPBA02/) and BioNLP (http://www-tsujii.is.s.utokyo.ac.jp/ACL03/bionlp.htm) have merged to form a joint workshop with the aim of bringing together researchers from natural language processing, bio-informatics, medicine and ontologies who are concerned with developing methods and resources for solving these problems. Over the last five years we have seen significant steps forward in the development of language technology and large-scale resources for the Bio-Medical domain such as linguistically annotated corpora (e.g. GENIA POS and NE corpora), ontologies (e.g. Gene Ontology), thesauri (e.g. UMLS Metathesaurus), lexicons and term lists (e.g. UMLS SPECIALIST) as well as information retrieval collections (e.g. TREC Genomics track). At the application level we see development of question answering systems, event recognition, zone (rhetorical region) identification, as well as term and bio-entity recognition. The demand for information access tools from domain users is increasing to support literature survey, often integrated into online "portals" where scientists can navigate through related information resources such as genetics and disease databases. Ongoing challenges relate to the growing and ambiguous nomenclature, the need to integrate deep knowledge sources into machine learning, a need to scale up methods for processing full text articles etc. The objective of the workshop is to bring together researchers in this area, to establish common themes and goals between different groups. We have seen from previous experience in the natural language learning and information retrieval communities the benefits of sharing resources and developing common evaluation criteria. In this workshop we are introducing a special shared task to promote discussion of these issues as well as the objective of integrating machine learning with knowledge resources.
Rendering lunar eclipses
Authors: Theodore C. Yapo, Barbara Cutler
Venue: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009 (2009)

Johannes Kepler first attributed the visibility of lunar eclipses to refraction in the Earth's atmosphere in his Astronomiae Pars Optica in 1604. We describe a method for rendering images of lunar eclipses including color contributions due to refraction, dispersion, and scattering in the Earth's atmosphere. We present an efficient model of refraction and scattering in the atmosphere, including contributions of suspended volcanic dusts which contribute to the observed variation in eclipse brightness and color. We propose a method for simulating camera exposure to allow direct comparison between rendered images and digital photographs. Images rendered with our technique are compared to photographs of the total lunar eclipse of February 21, 2008.