ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Enterprise frameworks: issues and research directions
Authors: Hafedh Mili, Mohamed Fayad, Davide Brugali, David Hamu, Dov Dori
Venue: Software&mdash;Practice Experience (2002)

Enterprise frameworks are a special class of application frameworks. They are distinguished from other application frameworks in terms of scale and focus. In terms of focus, application frameworks typically cover one particular aspect of an application, either a domain-dependent aspect (e.g., billing in a web-based customer-to-business ordering system), or a computational infrastructure aspect such as distribution, man-machine interface, or persistence, etc. Generally, an application framework alone delivers no useful end-user function. With infrastructure frameworks, we still have to plug in domain functionalities, while with domain frameworks, we need to set-up the infrastructure. In contrast, enterprise frameworks embody a reference architecture for an entire application, covering both the infrastructure aspects of the application, and much of the domain-specific functionality. Instantiating an enterprise framework is nothing short of application engineering, where the architecture and many of the components are reusable. While creativity and continual improvement may be the major ingredients for building a good application framework, anything related to enterprise frameworks, be it building, documenting, or instantiating them, is complex and requires careful design and planning. In this paper, we identify the issues involved in building, using, and maintaining enterprise frameworks, both from research and practical perspective.
Modeling of the microwave drying process of aqueous dielectrics
Authors: K. R. Rajagopal, L. Tao
Venue: Zeitschrift f&uuml;r Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP) (2002)

We propose a thermodynamic framework for describing the microwave drying process of aqueous dielectrics based on Maxwell-Lorentz field equations and mixture theory. Several issues are discussed such as the form of entropy equation; the constitutive relations for the macroscopic electric polarization vectors, Cauchy stresses, heat fluxes, internal momentum supplies, etc., for each component of the mixture: porous solid, water and gas in different regions; and the interfacial jump conditions between different regions in the mixture. A brief examination of the status of material frame indifference within the context of our framework is presented.
On bidirectional English-Arabic search
Authors: M. Aljlayl, O. Frieder, D. Grossman
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2002)

In Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), queries in one language retrieve relevant documents in other languages. Machine-Readable Dictionaries (MRD) and Machine Translation (MT) systems are important resources for query translation in CLIR. We investigate the use of MT systems and MRD to Arabic-English and English-Arabic CLIR. The translation ambiguity associated with these resources is the key problem. We present three methods of query translation using a bilingual dictionary for Arabic-English CLIR. First, we present the Every-Match (EM) method. This method yields ambiguous translations because many extraneous terms are added to the original query. To disambiguate query translation, we present the First-Match (FM) method that considers the first match in the dictionary as the candidate term. Finally, we present the Two-Phase (TP) method. We show that good retrieval effectiveness can be achieved without complex resources using the Two-Phase method for Arabic-English CLIR. We also empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the Arabic-English MT approach using short, medium, and long queries of TREC7 and TREC9 topics and collections. The effects of the query length to the quality of the MT-based CLIR are investigated. English-Arabic CLIR is evaluated via MRD and English-Arabic MT. The query expansion via post-translation approach is used to deemphasize the extraneous terms introduced by the MRD and MT for English-Arabic CLIR.
Panel: information systems accreditation
Authors: Doris K. Lidtke, Gabriele Meiselwitz, Cheryl Schroeder-Thomas
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

While this proposal gives a background for the development of the Criteria for Accreditation of Information Systems Programs, the panel will concentrate on the Criteria, preparing for an accreditation visit, and new developments in IS accreditation.Program accreditation has been a very effective mechanism for assisting in quality assurance in programs in many disciplines, particularly at the baccalaureate level. Computer Science programs have been accredited by the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) beginning in 1986. Now over 160 computer science programs are accredited and more programs seek accreditation each year [1]. Since its inception, CSAB has been interested in expanding program accreditation beyond Computer Science. With funding from a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), Criteria have been developed for accreditation of programs in Information Systems. These Criteria were approved CSAB in July 2000 and pilot accreditation visits were approved for the Fall of 2001, thereby allowing the possibility of accreditation of IS programs to begin in July 2002.With the integration of CSAB and the Accreditation Board For Engineering and Technology (ABET), IS accreditation will be done by ABET. The ABET Board has approved pilot visits for FAll 2001. The first pilot will be conducted by the Computing Accreditation Commission of ABET.
Time-domain computation of acoustics with realistic geometry and impedance boundary condition
Authors: K.-Y. Fung
Venue: Scientific computing and applications (2001)

Long-time stable time-domain numerical solution of wave propagation in a bounded domain even with one spatial dimension has been a formidable challenge. The key issue is how the treatment of end conditions, which inevitably introduces inconsistencies, mismatches, and cumulative error to the inner scheme, would allow waves to rebound indefinitely from the ends and remain intact. The paper reviews the advantages of a dimensionally split formulation in characteristic variables, and demonstrates its effectiveness for long-time stable phase-and-magnitude accurate computation of waves in bounded domains with a distribution of wave sources and various types of forced and unforced boundary conditions, including time-domain impedance-equivalent condition. Examples of duct and room acoustics, and outdoors sound propagation will be given.
Geographic information systems: how cognitive style impacts decision-making effectiveness
Authors: Martin D. Crossland, Richard T. Herschel, William C. Perkins, Joseph N. Scudder
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2002)

A laboratory experiment is conducted to investigate how two individual cognitive style factors, field dependence and need-for-cognition, relate to decision-making performance for a spatial task. The intent of the investigation is to establish a methodology for measuring cognitive fit for spatial tasks. The experiment assesses the performance of 142 subjects on a site location task where the problem complexity and availability of a geographic information system are manipulated on two levels. Significant relationships are found for both field dependence and need-for-cognition with the two dependent performance variables, solution time and percent error.
Query expansion and query translation as logical inference
Authors: Jian-Yun Nie
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2003)

A number of studies have examined the problems of query expansion in monolingual Information Retrieval (IR), and query translation for crosslanguage IR. However, no link has been made between them. This article first shows that query translation is a special case of query expansion. There is also another set of studies on inferential IR. Again, there is no relationship established with query translation or query expansion. The second claim of this article is that logical inference is a general form that covers query expansion and query translation. This analysis provides a unified view of different subareas of IR. We further develop the inferential IR approach in two particular contexts: using fuzzy logic and probability theory. The evaluation formulas obtained are shown to strongly correspond to those used in other IR models. This indicates that inference is indeed the core of advanced IR.
Simultaneous Estimation of the Origin-Destination Matrices and Travel-Cost Coefficient for Congested Networks in a Stochastic User Equilibrium
Authors: Hai Yang, Qiang Meng, Michael G. H. Bell
Venue: Transportation Science (2001)

This article proposes an optimization model for simultaneous estimation of an origin-destination (O-D) matrix and a travel-cost coefficient for congested networks in a logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). The model is formulated in the form of a standard differentiable, nonlinear optimization problem with analytical stochastic user equilibrium constraints. Explicit expressions of the derivatives of the stochastic user equilibrium constraints with respect to origin-destination demand, link flow, and travel-cost coefficient are derived and computed efficiently through a stochastic network-loading approach. A successive quadratic-programming algorithm using the derivative information is applied to solve the simultaneous estimation model. This algorithm converges to a Karusch-Kuhn-Tucker point of the problem under certain conditions. The proposed model and algorithm are illustrated with a numerical example.
Performance of MMSE Receiver Based CDMA System with Higher OrderModulation Formats in a Fading Channel
Authors: Ali F. Almutairi, Haniph A. Latchman, Tan F. Wong, Minkyu Lee, Scott L. Miller
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2003)

This paper studies the effect of using higher order modulation formats on the performance of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver based direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems at different loading levels in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and slow fading channels. The performance of BPSK, QPSK, and 16QAM modulation formats are compared and analytical and simulation results are presented in terms of the bit error rates (BER) for these different modulation formats. A comparison of the rejection of the near-far effects for each modulation scheme is also presented. The main contribution of this paper is in showing that user capacity may be increased by using higher order modulation schemes to cause the MMSE receiver to operate away from the interference limiting region. In particular it is shown that under high loading levels, 16QAM outperforms QPSK and BPSK for identical bandwidth and information rate, while at moderate loading levels, QPSK represents the best option. A combination of pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) and linear prediction are used to estimate the fading process. A general structure of the MMSE receiver capable of demodulating a wide range of digital modulation formats in this type of environment is presented.
Computing probabilities of events in Bayesian networks
Authors: Rolf Haenni, Jürg Kohlas, Norbert Lehmann
Venue: Technologies for constructing intelligent systems: tools (2002)

This paper proposes a new approach for computing probabilities of events in Bayesian networks. The idea is to replace the outward phase of the propagation algorithm by a second (partial) inward propagation phase. The benefit of this idea is that the attention can be focussed on optimizing the inward phase.
Quantum Random Walks in One Dimension
Authors: Norio Konno
Venue: Quantum Information Processing (2002)

This letter treats the quantum random walk on the line determined by a 2 &times; 2 unitary matrix U. A combinatorial expression for the mth moment of the quantum random walk is presented by using 4 matrices, P, Q, R and S given by U. The dependence of the mth moment on U and initial qubit state &phiv; is clarified. A new type of limit theorems for the quantum walk is given. Furthermore necessary and sufficient conditions for symmetry of distribution for the quantum walk is presented. Our results show that the behavior of quantum random walk is striking different from that of the classical ramdom walk.PACS: 03.67.Lx; 05.40.Fb; 02.50.Cw
Optimization problems in the estimation of parameters of thin films and the elimination of the influence of the substrate
Authors: Ernesto G. Birgin, Ivan E. Chambouleyron, José Mario Martínez
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

In a recent paper, the authors introduced a method to estimate optical parameters of thin films using transmission data. The associated model assumes that the film is deposited on a completely transparent substrate. It has been observed, however, that small absorption of substrates affect in a nonnegligible way the transmitted energy. The question arises of the reliability of the estimation method to retrieve optical parameters in the presence of substrates of different thicknesses and absorption degrees. In this paper, transmission spectra of thin films deposited on non-transparent substrates are generated and, as a first approximation, the method based on transparent substrates is used to estimate the optical parameters. As expected, the method is good when the absorption of the substrate is very small, but fails when one deals with less transparent substrates. To overcome this drawback, an iterative procedure is introduced, that allows one to approximate the transmittance with transparent substrate, given the transmittance with absorbent substrate. The updated method turns out to be almost as efficient in the case of absorbent substrates as it was in the case of transparent ones.
Probabilistic Service Level Guarantees in Make-to-Stock Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Dimitris Bertsimas, Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis
Venue: Operations Research (2001)

We consider a model of a multiclass make-to-stock manufacturing system. External demand for each product class is met from the available finished goods inventory; unsatisfied demand is backlogged. The objective is to devise a production policy that minimizes inventory costs subject to guaranteeing stockout probabilities to stay bounded above by given constants e j , for each product classj( service level guarantees). Such a policy determines whether the facility should be producing ( idling decisions), and if it should, which product class ( sequencing decisions). Approximating the original system, we analyze a correspondingfluid model to make sequencing decisions and employlarge deviations techniques to make idling ones. We consider both linear and quadratic inventory cost structures to obtain apriority-based and ageneralized longest queue first-based production policy, respectively. An important feature of our model is that it accommodates autocorrelated demand and service processes, both critical features of modern failure-prone manufacturing systems.
An illustration of Cox's non-nested testing procedure for logit and probit models
Authors: Chiara Monfardini
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2003)

Empirical and methodological issues arising when the Cox test statistic for non-nested models is used to test the probit vs. logit specifications are discussed. As an example, the models in Bardasi and Monfardini (European University Institute Working Paper ECO No. 97/9, 1997) for the occupational choice by Italian workers among the private, public and self-employed options is considered. Different versions of the test are compared. The bootstrap technique is then used to control for the actual properties of the test. The results indicate the probit to be the more adequate model, providing evidence against the independence of the irrelevant alternatives assumption imposed by the logit formulation.
A mixed multiscale finite element method for elliptic problems with oscillating coefficients
Authors: Zhiming Chen, Thomas Y. Hou
Venue: Mathematics of Computation (2003)

The recently introduced multiscale finite element method for solving elliptic equations with oscillating coefficients is designed to capture the large-scale structure of the solutions without resolving all the fine-scale structures. Motivated by the numerical simulation of flow transport in highly heterogeneous porous media, we propose a mixed multiscale finite element method with an over-sampling technique for solving second order elliptic equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients. The multiscale finite element bases are constructed by locally solving Neumann boundary value problems. We provide a detailed convergence analysis of the method under the assumption that the oscillating coefficients are locally periodic. While such a simplifying assumption is not required by our method, it allows us to use homogenization theory to obtain the asymptotic structure of the solutions. Numerical experiments are carried out for flow transport in a porous medium with a random log-normal relative permeability to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
3D-Object Space Reconstruction from Planar Recorded Data of 3D-Integral Images
Authors: Silvia Manolache Cirstea, S. Y. Kung, Malcolm McCormick, Amar Aggoun
Venue: Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems (2003)

The paper presents a novel algorithm for object space reconstruction from the planar (2D) recorded data set of a 3D-integral image. The integral imaging system is described and the associated point spread function is given. The space data extraction is formulated as an inverse problem, which proves ill-conditioned, and tackled by imposing additional conditions to the sought solution. An adaptive constrained 3D-reconstruction regularization algorithm based on the use of a sigmoid function is presented. A hierarchical multiresolution strategy which employes the adaptive constrained algorithm to obtain highly accurate intensity maps of the object space is described. The depth map of the object space is extracted from the intensity map using a weighted Durbin&ndash;Willshaw algorithm. Finally, illustrative simulation results are given.
A component-based approach to build a portable and flexible middleware for metacomputing
Authors: M. Di Santo, F. Frattolillo, W. Russo, E. Zimeo
Venue: Parallel Computing (2002)

The huge amount of computing resources in the Internet makes it possible to build meta-computers for solving large-scale problems. Despite the great availability of software infrastructures for managing such systems, metacomputer programming is often based on models that do not appear to be suitable to run applications on wide-area, unreliable, highly-variable networks of computers. In this paper, we present a customisable, Java-based middleware which provides programmers with a portable and flexible framework to run applications over a hierarchical, virtual network architecture. The middleware is designed according to a component-based approach that enables the execution behaviour of each computing node to be customised in order to satisfy application needs. The paper shows some examples of programming model customisation and demonstrates that flexibility can be achieved without significantly compromising performance.
Quantum Computing Using Quadrupolar Spins in Solid State NMR
Authors: H. Kampermann, W. S. Veeman
Venue: Quantum Information Processing (2002)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a successful method for experimental implementation of quantum information processing. Most of the successful NMR quantum processors are small molecules in liquid state. In this case each spin half particle represents a qubit. Another approach is the usage of higher spin particles as multi qubit systems. We present the first solid state virtual 2-Qubit system, represented by the spin-3/2 nucleus 23Na in a NaNO3 single crystal. For this system we show how to create the pseudo pure states and we derive a set of propagators and logic gates corresponding to the selective excitation of single quantum transitions. With this set, the preparation of an &ldquo;entangled&rdquo; state is experimentally verified by state tomography, adjusted to the spin-3/2 system.PACS: 0.367Lx; 76.60-k
Evaluation of distance metrics for recognition based on non-negative matrix factorization
Authors: D. Guillamet, J. Vitrià
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2003)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised algorithm that presents the ability of learning "parts" from visual data. The goal of this technique is to find basis functions such that training examples can be faithfully reconstructed using appropriate combinations of the discovered basis functions. Bases are restricted to non-negative values, and original data is represented by additive combinations of the basis vectors. The space defined by NMF basis lacks of a suitable metric. The aim of this paper is to explore different distance metrics for NMF in the context of statistical classification of objects, and to compare these results to those obtained with a related algorithm: principal component analysis (PCA). We evaluate Earth mover's distance as a relevant metric that takes into account the positive definition of the NMF bases, and it presents the best recognition rates when the dimensionality of data is correctly estimated. We also show that NMF outperforms PCA-based representation when visual data can be partially occluded.
Automatic derivation of path and loop annotations in object-oriented real-time programs
Authors: Jan Gustafsson, Andreas Ermedahl
Venue: Engineering of distributed control systems (2001)

This paper presents a new method for deriving path and loop annotations automatically for object-oriented real-time programs. Such annotations are necessary when the worst case execution time (WCET) of programs is to be calculated. Normally these annotations must be given manually by the programmer.By automating the the generation of annotations the user is relieved from a task that can be quite difficult and highly critical. If, for example, a programmer gives a too optimistic annotation for a loop, a tool may calculate a too short WCET. This may invalidate subsequent analysis, leading to that a real-time system may violate its real-time properties.The method is based on the notion of abstract interpretation, and is illustrated by showing the analysis of an example in Smalltalk.The paper also discusses alternatives to the semantic analysis used in the method. It is shown that syntactic analysis suffices in some cases, and that it can be used to reduce the calculation cost for loops.
Active perception: a sensorimotor account of object categorization
Authors: Stefano Nolfi, Davide Marocco
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats (2002)

We describe the results of a set of experiments in which we evolved the control system of artificial agents that are asked to categorize objects with different shapes on the basis of tactile information. Agents are provided with a 3-segments arm with 6 degrees of freedom and extremely coarse touch sensors. As we will see, despite such a limited sensory systems, evolved individuals are perfectly able to solve the problem. The analysis of the obtained results shows that evolved individuals always develop a well defined behavioral strategy that allows them to easily and robustly discriminate different objects despite the limitation of their sensory apparatus. Moreover, we discuss the general advantage of the evolutionary method for the synthesis of effective artificial agents.