ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Dynamic simulation of a national resource sharing computer network
Authors: Ronald Segal, Beverly O'Neal
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1978)

A national computer network for research and educational institutions has frequently been proposed as a means for meeting selected computing needs in an effective manner. Although many technical problems remain, it is generally believed that the most difficult issues facing such a network revolve around economic, political, and organizational considerations. In order to investigate these issues, a model of a computer network was developed to test a variety of networking alternatives, and to evaluate the ways in which a network would impact its member institutions. This paper describes the use of the simulation model in a three day gaming exercise by sixteen institutional teams who made decisions about their likely participation in a network that &ldquo;progressed&rdquo; through several years of simulated time. Participants were able to interact dynamically with the decisions and actions of other participants, to deal with a variety of network issues, and to explore the relative advantages and disadvantages of various modes and levels of network participation. This project represented an unusual and different application of a simulation game in that it concentrated on the policy and behavioral aspects (i.e., people concerns) of what is usually considered to be a technical design problem. The players were real decision makers, playing themselves as they relate to their own institutions, rather than students. Consequently, it was possible to focus on learning about the implications of national networking, rather than merely demonstrate or teach known principles.
Software engineering training for middle managers at Texas Instruments
Authors: Kenneth L. Modesitt
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 1980 annual conference (1980)

Software engineering is coming of age in one of the world's best known engineering companies. Texas Instruments has gained considerable success in their increasingly software-oriented products by applying several principles of software engineering. This paper will discuss in some detail the reasons for the interest of TI, how we use software engineering, and finally our plans for distributing this information to middle level managers. It is by such sharing of our experiences that we would hope the reader would gain an understanding of how important we consider this problem.
Designing a system on a chip
Authors: Arnold Spitalny
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Design Automation Workshop (1970)

The rapidly improving capabilities of large scale integrated circuit (LSI) manufacturing technology provide the opportunity for dramatic advances in digital system economy, capacity and flexibility for those who are prepared to modify their design philosophy and procedures to take full advantage of it. This involves much more than the simple first step of replacing core memory with standard LSI memory arrays. With an effective computer-aided design system it is possible to combine logic, memory, shift registers, and other digital system circuitry on the same chip in a custom LSI design at a total design, test and initial production lot cost competitive with the design, development, packaging and initial production and test cost for equipment of comparable complexity using discrete components and standard integrated circuits. The resulting LSI custom unit would cost much less than its conventional counterpart in subsequent production as well as being smaller, more reliable, and consuming less power.
Micro-SIMPAS: A microprocessor based simulation language
Authors: Raymond M. Bryant
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th annual symposium on Simulation (1981)

SIMPAS [1] is a discrete system simulation language based on PASCAL. UCSD PASCAL [6] is a PASCAL-based operating system designed for microcomputer use. Micro-SIMPAS is a version of SIMPAS which runs under UCSD PASCAL. This paper discusses the conversion of an existing SIMPAS implementation into Micro-SIMPAS, and discusses our experience in using Micro-SIMPAS for the construction of some simple simulations. We also discuss new features of Micro-SIMPAS for the interactive display of simulation output. Our experience with such routines has been favorable; we provide samples of their use in the paper.
Motion compensation of motion vectors
Authors: J. Yeh, M. Vetterli, M. Khansari
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

Motion compensation of image data has long been used for video compression. "Meta-motion" compensation, or motion compensation of motion vectors is presented as a new approach to data compression useful in very low bit rate (VLB) applications. Whereas present motion coding simply takes advantage of temporal redundancies among images, this new, computationally simple approach takes advantage of temporal redundancies between subsequent vector fields to efficiently code motion. Taking advantage of both the temporal redundancy of motion vectors and the "mapping" property of motion vectors, this method is shown to decrease the bit rate for vector coding in sequences with complex motion.
On the convolution algorithm for separable queuing networks
Authors: M. Reiser, H. Kobayashi
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Computer performance modeling measurement and evaluation (1976)

Research into queuing networks and their applications to computer systems is in a state of prosperity. The object of this paper is to discuss the computational aspect of separable queuing networks. Separable networks constitute that class of models for which a solution can be computed efficiently for fairly large problems. Open networks do not pose any computational problem. It is the case of closed networks where the subject of numerical algorithms becomes an issue. In this paper, we shall take a fresh look at closed queuing networks, which we introduce as conditioned solution of suitably chosen open networks. This view will provide a probabilistic interpretation of what is normally called the normalization constant. Computational algorithms, then, result in a systematic way.
Implementing office automation: Principles and an electronic mail example
Authors: Jeffrey H. Tucker
Venue: ACM SIGOA Newsletter (1982)

This paper discusses reasons for resistance to office automation and proposes a method of implementing change drawn from the literature on organizational development and on the implementation of management information systems. The general method is applied to a pilot project of an electronic mail system. Data gathered from the 36 project participants are summarized. Although the project data indicate a need for an EMS, the project failed to produce an adequate user communication volume, and it was cancelled. The paper describes the problems which prevented the effective utilization of the system.
An approach to benchmarking terminal oriented systems
Authors: James S. Cameron
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

From 1970 to 1975 the Air Force, together with the MITRE Corporation, designed and developed a Remote Terminal Emulator for the purpose of benchmarking large terminal oriented computer systems. This paper briefly describes the reasons for the development, certain criteria used for the design, and some of the results of the tests used to verify the design.
Basil architecture - an hll minicomputer
Authors: Theodore H. Kehl
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual symposium on Computer architecture (1976)

During the past several years a computer-aided design system (the Logic Machine) has been under development in our laboratory. Briefly, the Logic Machine consists of a microprogrammable control processor, one or more functional units, one or more bidirectional buses, and a microprogram all arranged to perform a specific digital algorithm. Our major goal has been to be able to construct any digital device with this system. We have been able to build a graphics display terminal (1), a floating point processor (2), string/array auxiliary processor (3), and a minicomputer (4). It has amazed us to see how simple and fruitful it has been to construct these devices. In this paper we describe the use of the Logic Machine design system to build still another digital device, a high-level language minicomputer. The motivation for this effort is probably obvious to all hardware designers; software is the most expensive part of a computer system and a high-level language computer will significantly reduce software costs. Not so obvious is the task simplification at the systems programming level, enabling a programmer to quickly review his work, decide on additions or corrections, and expand a program or system. These benefits reduce the layers of logic and, we are convinced, will enable much more sophisticated software systems to be built.
Simulation of a corporate cash budget: Application and validation
Authors: Thomas M. Cook, Lawrence J. Gitman, Charles Defelice
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1974)

The importance of cash budgeting has been thoroughly discussed in the financial literature, but the application of this technique to actual problems has not been fully developed. The failure to consider the random nature of certain critical financial variables such as sales and purchases is the concern of this paper. Frequently, it is suggested that the financial manager make point estimates of relevant variables such as gross sales and based upon these estimates calculate the resulting net cash flows. The authors of this paper question the validity of point estimates for use in short-term financial decision making. This paper describes the results of an actual simulation of a firm's cash budget. The mathematical model utilized was developed previously by the authors. The modification and application of the model to a specific firm is described along with a step by step description of the actual cash budget simulation. The results of this application are presented along with a discussion of the model validation and a comparison of simulated versus actual end-of-month cash flows. The importance of this research lies in the resulting ability to provide the financial decision maker with a probability distribution of cash flows. Utilizing the probability distribution, the financial manager can select a short-term financial strategy consistent with his attitude toward risk.
The design of the PSI program synthesis system
Authors: Cordell Green
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering (1976)

This paper presents an overview of the current state of the PSI automatic program synthesis system and discusses the design considerations. The PSI system allows a user to specify a desired program in a dialogue using natural language and traces. PSI then synthesizes a program meeting these specifications. The target programs are simple symbolic computation programs in LISP. PSI may be described as a knowledge-based program understanding system. It is organized as a collection of closely interacting modules, or experts in the areas of natural language, discourse, traces, application domain, high-level program modelling, coding, and efficiency. An implementation effort is underway and several modules are now working.
Program optimization for a pipelined machine a case study
Authors: John Sanguinetti
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems (1984)

The Amdahl 580 processor is a pipelined processor whose performance can be affected by characteristics of the instructions it executes. This paper describes certain optimizations made to a set of system software routines during their development. The optimization effort was driven by the execution frequencies of common paths through the programs in question, and by the execution characteristics of those paths, as shown by a processor simulator. Path optimization itself was done with both general program optimization techniques and with techniques specific to the particular characteristics of the 580's pipeline. Overall, the average execution time for these routines was reduced by over 50%.
Scheduling a vehicle between an origin and a destination to maximize traveler satisfaction
Authors: Dennis Young
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

This paper centers on the issue of efficient use of a transportation vehicle. It focuses on the following question: Given a vehicle of specified speed and capacity, how should it be scheduled in order to attain a high level of passenger satisfaction?
Remote teaching (Panel Discussion): Technology and experience
Authors: William Hankley, Ted Lewis, Stuart Meyer, Ron Clark
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1980)

The demand for computer science education on the college campus is rapidly increasing. This is due to the ever expanding market for computer expertise in industry, government, and academia. The growth in the need for off-campus computer science instruction is also phenomenal. Professionals in areas other than computer science&mdash;engineering, business, etc.&mdash;need to acquire computing skills. Computer scientists need to continually keep pace with the rapidly evolving computer technology. This training must be available at sites remote from the college campus. In the era of overall decreasing college enrollments, computer science educators are being requested to service this off-campus market. Traditional forms of providing education to this market include faculty or student travel, remote campuses, live video, and audio teleconferencing systems. Each has either high cost, an ineffectiveness, and/or inconvenience factors. It is the purpose of this panel to explore the electronic remote education. The particular systems to be discussed are the &ldquo;electronic blackboard,&rdquo; controlled scan TV, computer teleconferencing and computer-based color-graphics technologies. The first two systems are in use and the latter two are proposed. Ted Lewis will describe experience with the electronic blackboard and Stuart Meyer will describe the use of the controlled scan TV. Ron Clarke and William Hankley will describe the proposed usage of the computer teleconferencing and color graphics, respectively, in the remote classroom. Each of these panelists will briefly describe the particular system and address the areas of teaching technique and effectiveness within the specific technology. Following the formal presentations, there will be an open discussion of the issues presented. For those people who cannot attend the panel discussion, a very short bibliography on electronic education and teleconferencing is included.
A method of automatic proof for the specification and verification of protocols
Authors: Ana R. Cavalli
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (1984)

In this paper we apply a method of automatic proof to verify some properties of a computer network protocol. The method used is defined as an extension of classical resolution to temporal operators (@@@@), (@@@@), (@@@@) and Until. We define a Precedes operator that is very useful for the specification of protocols. The method has the form of a set of recursive rules. The examples that we give are FIFO and LIFO queues and the alternating bit protocol, and the properties that we verify are livennes properties of the Sender and Receiver processes in order to prove a liveness property of the global system.
Multifaceted distributed systems specification using processes and event synchronization
Authors: Gruia-Catalin Roman, Mark S. Day
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

A new approach to modelling distributed systems is presented. It uses sequential processes and event synchronization as the major building blocks and is able to capture the functionality, architecture, scheduling policies, and performance attributes of a distributed system. The approach is meant to provide the foundation for a uniform incremental strategy for verifying both logical and performance properties of distributed systems. In addition, this approach draws together work on performance evaluation, resource allocation, and verification of concurrent processes by reducing some problems from the first two areas to equivalent problems in the third. A language called CSPS (an extension of Hoare's CSP) is used in the illustration of the approach. Employing CSP as a base allows modelled systems to be verified using techniques already developed for verifying CSP programs
A graphical tool for conceptual design of data base applications
Authors: C. Batini, C. Costa
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The general features of a graphical tool for conceptual design of data base applications are described. A set of primitives that aid the designer to incrementally specify data and transactions of interest by means of a high level diagrammatic specification is shown. Finally, the user interface, implementation features and open research problems are outlined.
A probabilistic dynamic logic
Authors: Yishai A. Feldman, David Harel
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1982)

A logic, Pr(DL), is presented, which enables reasoning about probabilistic programs or, alternatively, reasoning probabilistically about conventional programs. The syntax of Pr(DL) derives from Pratt's first-order dynamic logic and the semantics extends Kozen's semantics of probabilistic programs. An axiom system for Pr(DL) is presented and shown to be complete relative to an extension of first-order analysis. For discrete probabilities it is shown that first-order analysis actually suffices. Examples are presented, both of the expressive power of Pr(DL), and of a proof in the axiom system.
BASICl&mdash;a simple computer to introduce computer organization and assembler language programming
Authors: Donald S. Miller, Bruce R. Millard
Venue: Proceedings of the thirteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1982)

BASICl is a simple interactive assembler-loader/interpreter which has been used as an instructional tool for the introductory course in computer organization and assembler language programming offered by the Computer Science Department at Washington State University. Both &ldquo;hardware&rdquo; and software are organized so as to emphasize basic concepts and to eliminate the confusion which occurs when these concepts are first introduced surrounded by the myriad of machine and assembler language-dependent details of an actual computer system. BASIC1 a decimal machine, has a small single address instruction repertoire with a trace, dump, reasonable diagnostics and run time interactive debugging capability. An associated simulator, called TESTER serves to evaluate whether and how well the students' programs have worked.
On representation and manipulation of mathematical formulas using general array data structure: IFORP (interactive formula processor)
Authors: Kiyotaka Yasui
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1984)

APL2, one of the major extensions of APL, has capablities of symbol manipulation and nested data handling as well as numerical computations. This paper discusses an experimental implementation of a formula manipulation system using APL2. A simple, but easy-to-use algebraic system has been realized, primarily due to APL2's ability to define complicated data structures and algorithms. The overall design concept, representation and normalization of mathematical formulas, and various advantages of using APL2 general matrices are described.
Timing analysis for nMOS VLSI
Authors: Norman P. Jouppi
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

TV and IA are timing analysis programs for nMOS VLSI designs. Based on the circuit obtained from existing circuit extractors, TV determines the minimum clock duty and cycle times. It calculates the direction of signal flow through all transistors before the timing analysis is performed. The timing analysis is breadth-first (block-oriented) and pattern independent, using the values stable, rise, fall, as well as information about clock qualification. TV has fast running time, small user input requirements, and the ability to offer the user valuable advice. IA (TV's Interactive Advisor) allows the user to quickly experiment with ways to increase circuit performance. Several delay models can be used; when compared to circuit simulation and fabricated chips, accuracies within 20% for most critical paths have been achieved.
Are we doing enough for the user?
Authors: James W. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1977)

After fifteen years of struggling with difficult to use, expensive and unreliable equipment, we now have the wherewithal to help large numbers of users augment their intellectual capability. The major problem with reacting to cries of falling enrollments and limited resources for education in general and computing in particular is that it is likely to be a self-fulfilling prophecy. The zero-sum game nature of the next decade means that gains in education and computing must be the result of reallocation of resources. This shifting of resources will only take place if we demonstrate the value of computing to the community by actually helping instructors, researchers, students and administrators increase their productivity. If users services doesn't do this, who will?
A course in effective programming
Authors: G. David Ripley
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1975)

This paper describes a graduate Computer Science course in which all aspects of the programming process are examined. The course has been taught for the past three years, and represents an attempt to pull together various results of researchers working on this rather undeveloped but important area. Unfortunately space does not permit the inclusion here of many details or examples. Rather, the emphasis is on the form of the course and how the reference material is used in pursuing the course objectives. (The topic of program measurement is expanded on somewhat, being a topic of interest to the author and one about which little has been said elsewhere.)
Creative art and custom interior design in the 80's
Authors: E. P. Miles,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 1980 annual conference (1980)

Traditional computer art uses controlled pens or vector graphics displays. However, the author generates artistic designs in rectangular grids with color at given positions determined by mathematical functions or processes. Comments at presentations of such graphics to varied audiences support their applicability to design of floor or wall coverings, draperies, upholstery, graphic arts, needlepoint, etc. With suitable marketing and manufacturer interface arrangements, interior design using these methods becomes feasible for items manufactured under digital control. For such design done traditionally, digitization is needed before production. A designer with cooperating manufacturers could do as automobile dealers do on custom orders. A micro-computer could create, store and display in alternate colors various patterns until individual customer tastes are satisfied. Digitized specifications for production of the rug, fabric, or other selected material could then go with the order. Present software also allows keyboard creation and storage of patterns by the designer. Computer controlled manufacturing methods now operable could easily be adapted to use of such computer generated designs. Color art forms of artistic merit for bookcovers, illustrations, advertising copy, limited edition prints or posters could be marketed at lower cost using mathematically produced color separation techniques developed for computer implementation by the author.