ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reflexive, Symbolic, and Affective Contributions to Eye Movements during Task Switching: Response Selection
Authors: Timothy Lewis Hodgson, Charlotte Golding, Dimitra Molyva, Clive R. Rosenthal, Christopher Kennard
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Active vision is a dynamic process involving the flexible coordination of different gaze strategies to achieve behavioral goals. Although many complex behaviors rely on an ability to efficiently switch between gaze-control strategies, few studies to date have examined mechanisms of task level oculomotor control in detail. Here, we report five experiments in which subjects alternated between conflicting stimulus-saccade mappings within a block of trials. The first experiment showed that there is no performance cost associated with switching between pro and anti saccades. However, follow-up experiments demonstrate that whenever subjects alternate between arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings, latency costs are apparent on the first trial after a task change. More detailed analysis of switch costs showed that latencies were particularly elevated for saccades directed toward the same location that had been the target for a saccade on the preceeding trial. This saccade "inhibition of return" effect was most marked when unexpected error feedbacks cued task switches, suggesting that saccade selection processes are modulated by reward. We conclude that there are two systems for saccade control that differ in their characteristics following a task switch. The "reflexive" control system can be enabled/disabled in advance of saccade execution without incurring any performance cost. Switch costs are only observed when two or more arbitrary stimulus-saccade mappings have to be coordinated by a "symbolic" control system.
Accounting Solutions in the AXMEDIS Project
Authors: S. Chellini, T. Martini, P. Nesi
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (2006)

A large part of models for digital rights management include methods for logging the information related to the actions performed by final users on the content and on the players. These actions can be associated with the exploitation of the rights granted in the license, and may include other activities such as eventual changes of preference, installations, certifications, etc. In this area, relevant models have been defined by MPEG-21, whose usage and some extensions are reported in this paper. This paper discusses the new functionalities enabled by the AXMEDIS architecture and solution in terms of interoperable content and DRM among different distribution channels in relationship with the tracking and accounting of actions performed on the content by the final users on the players and on authoring tools. AXMEDIS aims at creating an innovative technology framework for the automatic production, protection and distribution of digital cross-media contents over a range of different media channels, including PC (on the internet), PDA, kiosks, mobile phones and i-TV (interactive-TV). For further details on the AXMEDIS project, see the project website at www.axmedis.org.
Spectral gradient projection method for solving nonlinear monotone equations
Authors: Li Zhang, Weijun Zhou
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2006)

An algorithm for solving nonlinear monotone equations is proposed, which combines a modified spectral gradient method and projection method. This method is shown to be globally convergent to a solution of the system if the nonlinear equations to be solved is monotone and Lipschitz continuous. An attractive property of the proposed method is that it can be applied to solving nonsmooth equations. We also give some preliminary numerical results to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Cases to courses: mentored case-based training courses
Authors: Kimberli Macpherson, Tammy Berman, Diana Joseph
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

This paper describes a methodology for the design of case-based, learning-by-doing training courses. The methodology was based on a course in business reengineering in which teams of trainees of varying levels of experience engaged in authentic practice in the context of a simulated business engagement.
The We!Design Methodology: Designing Educational Applications with Students
Authors: George Triantafyllakos, George Palaigeorgiou, Stavros Demetriadis, Ioannis A. Tsoukalas
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Recently, many Participatory Design (PD) methodologies have been successfully applied to the design of educational applications with students as participants. However, most of the proposed methodologies have exacting requirements that make their deployment quite difficult. In this paper, we propose a student-centered methodology, named We!Design, which aims at designing applications that support content-independent learning processes and that can be easily applied in real educational contexts. The methodology consists of two phases. During the first phase, a number of design sessions take place with the participation of small groups of students. Students cooperatively formulate needs and design suggestions for the educational application. In the second phase, the designers analyze the products of the first phase and synthesize them in a single application. The We!Design methodology was applied for the design of a course website. Twelve design sessions were conducted with the participation of 46 undergraduate students. No significant impediments were identified during the methodology's application, and it was characterized as pleasant and interesting by the students. Furthermore, the students evaluated positively the usefulness and ease of use of the designed website.
The mobile phone as a medium for heightened sonic perception
Authors: Zeenath Hasan, Richard Widerberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

In this paper, we describe the design and research phase of a project that aims to create conditions for heightened sonic perception through a mobile phone based software application. The initial design concept is that of an aural architecture for sonic socio-cultural exchange where sonic realities of the everyday are improvised live in a non-linear mode. The design approach adopted is collaborative. The project is a work in progress.
Impacting oscillators - the problem of visualization of basins of attraction
Authors: T. Kapitaniak, K. Czolczynski
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

The objects of the investigations presented in this paper are two dynamical systems. The first one is a linear oscillator that can hit the immovable base; the second one consists of two linear oscillators that can impact on each other. For selected sets of parameters, various kinds of motion of these systems are possible: a motion without impacts (periodic or quasi-periodic) and a motion with impacts (periodic or chaotic). The kind of motion depends on initial conditions. The question arises then; what is the sensitivity of motion to external disturbances? The answer can be found by means of making the maps of basins of attraction of all existing attractors. Two examples of such maps and the differences between them caused by a various number of degrees of freedom of the systems under consideration are presented in this paper.
Parisian camera placement for vision metrology
Authors: Enrique Dunn, Gustavo Olague, Evelyne Lutton
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2006)

This paper presents a novel camera network design methodology based on the Parisian evolutionary computation approach. This methodology proposes to partition the original problem into a set of homogeneous elements, whose individual contribution to the problem solution can be evaluated separately. A population comprised of these homogeneous elements is evolved with the goal of creating a single solution by a process of aggregation. The goal of the Parisian evolutionary process is to locally build better individuals that jointly form better global solutions. The implementation of the proposed approach requires addressing aspects such as problem decomposition and representation, local and global fitness integration, as well as diversity preservation mechanisms. The benefit of applying the Parisian approach to our camera placement problem is a substantial reduction in computational effort expended in the evolutionary optimization process. Moreover, experimental results coincide with previous state of the art photogrammetric network design methodologies, while incurring in only a fraction of the computational cost.
Thin-Type Three-dimensional Display Based on the Reconstruction of Parallax Rays
Authors: Hideya Takahashi, Manabu Chikayama, Hiromitsu Fujinami
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

We have developed a 3D display system based on the reconstruction of parallax rays. The notable point is to be able to display a natural image such as holography. Also, this system is visible to multiple viewers at the same time without special glasses. This 3D display system consists of a holographic screen and a projector which projects the ray information for reconstructing 3D images. However, since the display uses a projector which requires long optical path length, the depth size of the 3D display system is large. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the improved thin-type 3D display system. The proposed 3D display consists of an LCD panel and the improved holographic screen. The viewing angle of this display is 15 deg, and each 3D pixel reconstructs 24 parallax rays. As the experimental results, the 3D image is reconstructed by the thin-type 3D display system.
eLearning, Interactive Hypermedia, Neuroscience and Digital Learning Module Creation
Authors: Javed Alam
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper explores the possibilities of using the recent findings within the area of Neuroscience for developing effective instructional material in the digital form using the interactive hypermedia components that can be used for effective delivery of eLearning. The different components of eLearning, eLearning infrastructure, Interactive Hypermedia are described. A review of findings from Neuroscience for the brain functions that are deemed relevant for learning process is also provided.
Loud and Clear: Human-Verifiable Authentication Based on Audio
Authors: Michael T. Goodrich, Michael Sirivianos, John Solis, Gene Tsudik, Ersin Uzun
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

Secure pairing of electronic devices that lack any previous association is a challenging problem which has been considered in many contexts and in various flavors. In this paper, we investigate the use of audio for human-assisted authentication of previously un-associated devices. We develop and evaluate a system we call Loud-and-Clear (L&C) which places very little demand on the human user. L&C involves the use of a text-to-speech (TTS) engine for vocalizing a robust-sounding and syntactically-correct (English-like) sentence derived from the hash of a device's public key. By coupling vocalization on one device with the display of the same information on another device, we demonstrate that L&C is suitable for secure device pairing (e.g., key exchange) and similar tasks. We also describe several common use cases, provide some performance data for our prototype implementation and discuss the security properties of L&C.
3D visualisation of tumours and blood vessels in human liver
Authors: Michelle Doherty, Nicole Bordes, Thomas Hugh, Bernard Pailthorpe
Venue: Selected papers from the 2002 Pan-Sydney workshop on Visualisation - Volume 22 (2003)

One of the treatments of liver cancer is resection or ablation of one or several tumour and of an area of healthy tissue around it. Computed Tomography (CT) scans are generally used to make the diagnostic and to plan the surgery. The objective is to find the number of tumours, their size and the physical and spatial relationship between the tumours and the main blood vessels. The extraction of the essential information from the images is a time-consuming procedure, as the radiologist must trace the contour of the liver manually as well as the tumour and the main vessels. In addition one problem is that blood vessels and liver tissue show similar contrast on the CT scans. In this paper we describe alternative image processing procedures to visualise more effectively the tumour in three dimensions (3D) with respect to the main blood vessels with less human intervention, using OpenDX and MATLAB.
Non-Interference in Constructive Authorization Logic
Authors: Deepak Garg, Frank Pfenn
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations (2006)

We present a constructive authorization logic where the meanings of connectives are defined by their associated inference rules. This ensures that the logical reading of access control policies expressed in the logic and their implementation coincide. We study the proof-theoretic consequences of our design including cut-elimination and two non-interference properties that allow administrators to explore the correctness of their policies by establishing that for a given policy, assertions made by certain principals will not affect the truth of assertions made by others.
Distributed Default Logic for Multi-agent System
Authors: Dominik Ryzko, Henryk Rybinski
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

This paper presents the Distributed Default Logic (DDL), the formalism for multi-agent knowledge representation and reasoning. The approach allows effective location of knowledge in the MAS to perform the Distributed Default Reasoning (DDR). In the distributed environment learning processes provide measures to order default rules, which gives the agent better use of the local and external knowledge.
Authoring Personalised Interactive Content
Authors: Maria Grigoriadou, Kyparisia Papanikolaou
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Semantic Media Adaptation and Personalization (2006)

Authoring e-content for personalised learning is a challenging task for both educators and learners, stimulating them to develop a variety of skills for developing and using digital resources. In this paper we investigate the authoring process of educationally meaningful content for personalised learning. To this end, the skills that authors of an Adaptive Educational Hypermedia system need to develop are also investigated. Moreover, a paradigm of interactive content developed for INSPIRE, is described. Lastly, the authoring system developed to support different types of users, such as educators and learners, in authoring personalised content for INSPIRE, is presented.
Human Cerebellum: Surface-Assisted Cortical Parcellation and Volumetry with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nikos Makris, Steven M. Hodge, Christian Haselgrove, David N. Kennedy, Anders Dale, Bruce Fischl, Bruce R. Rosen, Gordon Harris, Verne S. Caviness JR., Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

We describe a system of surface-assisted parcellation (SAP) of the human cerebellar cortex derived from neural systems functional and behavioral anatomy. This system is based on MRI and preserves the unique morphologic and topographic features of the individual cerebellum. All major fissures of the cerebellum were identified and traced in the flattened representation of the cerebellar cortex using the program "FreeSurfer." Parcellation of the cerebellar cortex followed using the fissure information in conjunction with landmarks using the program "Cardviews" to create 64 gyral-based cerebellar parcellation units. Computer-assisted algorithms enable the execution of the cerebellar parcellation procedure as well as volumetric measurements and topographic localization. The SAP technique makes it possible to represent multimodal structural and functional imaging data on the flattened surface of the cerebellar cortex as illustrated in one functional MRI experiment.
Evidence for Neural Effects of Repetition that Directly Correlate with Behavioral Priming
Authors: Luigi Maccotta, Randy L. Buckner
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Stimulus repetition associates with neural activity reductions during tasks that elicit behavioral priming. Here we present direct evidence for a quantitative relation between neural activity reductions and behavioral priming. Fifty-four subjects performed a word classification task while being scanned with functional MRI. Activity reductions were found in multiple high-level cortical regions including those within the prefrontal cortex. Importantly, activity within several of these regions, including the prefrontal cortex, correlated with behavior such that greater activity reductions associated with faster performance. Whole-brain correlational analyses confirmed the observation of anatomic overlap between regions showing activity reductions and those showing direct brain&ndash;behavioral correlations. The finding of a quantitative relation between neural and behavioral effects in frontal regions suggests that repetition reduces frontally mediated processing in a manner that ultimately facilitates behavior.
Interaction design for a mobile context-aware system using discrete event modelling
Authors: Annika Hinze, Petra Malik, Robi Malik
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48 (2006)

This paper describes our experience when applying formal methods in the design of the tourist information system TIP, which presents context-sensitive information to mobile users with small screen devices. The dynamics of this system are very complex and pose several challenges, firstly because of the sophisticated interaction of several applications on a small screen device and the user, and secondly because of the need for communication with highly asynchronous event-based information systems.In a first step, UML sequence diagrams have been used to capture the requirements and possible interactions of the system. In a second step, a formal model has been created using discrete event systems, in order to thoroughly understand and analyse the dynamics of the system. By verifying general properties of the formal model, several conceptual difficulties have been revealed in very early stages of the design process, considerably speeding up the development. This work shows the limitations of typical methods for interaction design when applied to mobile systems using small screen devices, and proposes an alternative approach using discrete event systems.
In-Network Cache Coherence
Authors: Noel Eisley, Li-Shiuan Peh, Li Shang
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (2006)

With the trend towards increasing number of processor cores in future chip architectures, scalable directory-based protocols for maintaining cache coherence will be needed. However, directory-based protocols face well-known problems in delay and scalability. Most current protocol optimizations targeting these problems maintain a firm abstraction of the interconnection network fabric as a communication medium: protocol optimizations consist of endto- end messages between requestor, directory and sharer nodes, while network optimizations separately target lowering communication latency for coherence messages. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the cache coherence protocol within the network, embedding directories within each router node that manage and steer requests towards nearby data copies, enabling in-transit optimization of memory access delay. Simulation results across a range of SPLASH-2 benchmarks demonstrate significant performance improvement and good system scalability, with up to 44.5% and 56% savings in average memory access latency for 16 and 64-node systems, respectively, when compared against the baseline directory cache coherence protocol. Detailed microarchitecture and implementation characterization affirms the low area and delay impact of in-network coherence.
A probabilistic scheduling heuristic for computational grids
Authors: Youcef Derbal
Venue: Multiagent and Grid Systems (2006)

Computational grids are large scale distributed networks of peer clusters of computing resources bounded by a decentralized management framework for the purpose of providing computing services, called grid services. The scheduling problem consists in finding the clusters that host the required set of grid services with a sufficient available capacity to handle user service requests in compliance with some specified quality of service. The interplay of intermittent resource participation, resource load dynamics, network latency and processing delay, and random subsystem failures creates a ubiquitous uncertainty on the state of the grid capacity to handle user requests. In addition to the need to account for this uncertainty, the scheduling strategy has to be decentralized since computational grids span distinct management domains. In this paper, we propose a decentralized scheduling strategy that views the dynamics of the grid service capacity as a stochastic process modeled by a Markov chain. The proposed scheduling scheme uses this model to predict the future local availability of resources. This is consolidated by a confidence model that approximates the future ability of peer clusters to successfully handle delegated service requests. The scalability of the proposed scheduling strategy is illustrated through simulation.
PVCAIS: a personal videoconference archive indexing system
Authors: Jiqiang Song, M. Lyu, Jeng-Neng Hwang, Min Cai
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

Wilh the rapid deployment of videoconference, the fast-accumulated personal videoconference archives need to be effectively indexed. This paper proposes a well-designed indexing system - PVCAIS that integrates many multimedia-indexing techniques to manage personal videoconference archives. Firstly, the contents of video, audio, text and whiteboard communications are stored after removing the redundancies. Next, more information, e.g., participants, title, keywords and slides, is extracted by face detection and recognition, speech recognition, OCR, automatic title generation, keyword selection, etc. Then, an XML index file containing the summary of the videoconference is also generated. The whole indexing process is automatic except that the face of a new contact needs to be interactively identified for only once. Finally, we demonstrate a graphical user interface which allows the user to search and browse the indexed videoconference archives conveniently.