ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Possibility Based Modal Semantics for Graded Modifiers
Authors: Jorma K. Mattila
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international Fuzzy Systems Association world congress on Foundations of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing (2007)

A brief introduction to basic modifiers is given. Any modifier with its dual and the corresponding negation form a DeMorgan triple similar to that of t-norms, t-conorms, and negation. The lattice structure of the unit interval with the usual partial order is similar to that of the set of all membership functions. This structure has a certain connection to implication, by means of the subsethood of fuzzy sets, and it is possible to create a similar expression for modifiers as the axiom of reflexivity is in modal logic. Also, other connections to modal logics can be found. This motivates to develop a formal semantics to modifier logic by means of that of modal logic. Actually, this kind of logic is so-called metalogic concerning either true or false statements about properties of modifiers. This version is based on graded possibility operations. Hence, semantic tools for weakening modifiers are derived. The corresponding things for substantiating modifiers are constructed by means of duality. Finally, some outlines for modifier systems are considered.
Fundamental Diagram and Validation of Crowd Models
Authors: Armin Seyfried, Andreas Schadschneider
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Cellular Automata for Reseach and Industry (2008)

In recent years, several approaches for crowd modeling have been proposed. However, so far not much attention has been paid to their quantitative validation. The fundamental diagram , i.e. the density-dependence of the flow or velocity, is probably the most important relation as it connects the basic parameter to describe the dynamic of crowds. But specifications in different handbooks as well as experimental measurements for the fundamental diagram differ considerably. We give a review of the experimental data base and the causes for the discrepancies discussed in the literature. Up to now it was neglected that the way of measurement can cause variations between the results of different studies. To shed some light on this problem we studied by means of experimental trajectories of the single file movement how different measurement methods influence the resulting fundamental diagram.
A Model-Driven Perspective on the Rule-Based Specification of Services
Authors: Maria-Eugenia Iacob, Henk Jonkers
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (2008)

The focus in this position paper is on business rules as a means to raise the level of abstraction (and automation) at which business logic is incorporated in model driven application design in the context of service oriented architectures. More specifically, next to providing a classification framework for business rules and investigating the existing standards and languages for the formal specification of business rules, we propose a model-driven framework for the rule-based design of services. We provide an example to illustrate this framework and to demonstrate the role business rules can play in the context of MDD of SOAs. Furthermore, we also explore, in terms of existing tool support, the extent to which, the model-driven design process can be complemented and combined with business rules written in nearly natural language, which can become, at the platform specific level, an executable way to specify business knowledge and decisions.
Automatic Web Tagging and Person Tagging Using Language Models
Authors: Qiaozhu Mei, Yi Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications (2008)

Social tagging systems, such as Delicious, My Web 2.0, Flickr, YouTube, have been very successful and attracted hundreds of million users. User provided tags of an object/page can be used to help the user re-find the object through search or share the customized object with other people.Instead of waiting for a user to find and input the appropriate words to tag an object, we propose to automatically recommend tags for user to choose from, a process that requires much less cognitive effort than traditional tagging. In particular, we formalize the tag suggestion problem as a ranking problem and propose a new probabilistic language model to rank meaningful tags, including words or phrases, for bookmarks. Besides, we adapt the probabilistic language model to tag users. The user tags can be viewed as recommended queries for the user to search documents. They can also be used as meta data about the users, which could be beneficial for people search or person recommendation. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques are demonstrated on data collected from del.icio.us.
Development of Fault Detection System in Air Handling Unit
Authors: Sang-Jo Youk, Seung-Sun Yoo, Bong-Keun Lee, Jeong-Ho Kho, Geuk Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (2008)

Monitoring systems used at present to operate AirHandling Unit(AHU) optimally do not have a functionthat enables to detect faults properly when there arefaults of such as operating plants or performancefalling, so they are unable to manage faults rapidlyand operate optimally. In this paper, we havedeveloped a classified rule-based fault detectionsystem which can be inclusively used in AHU system ofa building by installation of sensor which is composedof AHU system and required low costs compare to themodel based fault detection system which can be usedonly in a special building or system. In order toexperiment this algorithm, it was applied to AHUsystem which is installed inside EnvironmentChamber(EC), verified its own practical effect, andconfirmed its own applicability to the related field inthe future.
Modeling of an adaptive parallel system with malleable applications in a distributed computing environment
Authors: Ioana Banicescu
Venue:  (2007)

Adaptive parallel applications that can change resources during execution, promise increased application performance and better system utilization. Furthermore, they open the opportunity for developing a new class of parallel applications driven by unpredictable data and events. The research issues in an adaptive parallel system are complex and interrelated. The nature and complexities of the relationships among these issues are not well researched and understood. Before developing adaptive applications or an infrastructure support for adaptive applications, these issues need to be investigated and studied in detail. One way of understanding and investigating these issues is by modeling and simulation. A model for adaptive parallel systems has been developed to enable the investigation of the impact of malleable workloads on its performance. The model can be used to determine how different model parameters impact the performance of the system and to determine the relationships among them. Subsequently, a discrete event simulator has been developed to numerically simulate the model. Using the simulator, the impact of the variation in the number of malleable jobs in the workload, the flexibility, the negotiation cost, and the adaptation cost on system performance have been studied. The results and conclusions of these simulation experiments are presented and discussed, suggesting interesting insight for further investigation. In general, the simulation results reveal that the performance improves with an increase in the number of malleable jobs in a workload, and that the performance saturates at a certain percentage of rigid to malleable jobs mix. A high percentage of malleable jobs is not necessary to achieve significant improvement in performance. The performance in general improves as the flexibility increases up to a certain point; then, it saturates. The negotiation cost impacts the performance, but not significantly. The number of negotiations for a given workload increases as number of malleable jobs increases up to a certain point, and then it decreases as number of malleable jobs increases further. The performance degrades as the application adaptation cost increases. The impact of the application adaptation cost on performance is much more significant compared to that of the negotiation cost.
Online Persuasion in Facebook and Mixi: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: B. J. Fogg, Daisuke Iizawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Persuasive Technology (2008)

Social networking sites persuade millions of users each day to adopt specific behaviors. To understand this phenomenon in the context of persuasive technology, we analyzed how persuasion takes place in leading social networking sites from two different countries: Facebook in the U.S. and Mixi in Japan. We compared the two services on four persuasion goals: creating profile pages, inviting friends, responding to content by friends, and returning to the site often. Our analysis reveals the differences and similarities in how Facebook and Mixi are designed to influence users toward the achievement of these four goals. In general, Facebook's persuasive design is more assertive and mechanistic, while Mixi's approach, by comparison, is subtle and indirect. These persuasion styles seem to map generally to cultural differences between the U.S. and Japan.
Capital One Financial and a decade of experience with newly vulnerable markets: Some propositions concerning the competitive advantage of new entrants
Authors: Eric K. Clemons, Matt E. Thatcher
Venue: The Journal of Strategic Information Systems (2008)

Market share and brand recognition have historically provided advantage to established players in mature industries. The success of Capital One, an attacker in the mature credit card industry is therefore interesting, both to researchers and to executives developing strategies. A partial explanation is offered by the theory of newly vulnerable markets. The success of Capital One can be partially attributed to its application of information-based strategies to several newly vulnerable markets, allowing it to target and retain the most profitable customers. These strategies sustained double-digit return on equity and double-digit increase in sales volume and profits every year of our study.
The impact of computer-based simulation within an instructional sequence on learner performance in a web-based environment
Authors: Rene Castaneda
Venue:  (2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on learner performance as measured through knowledge gain when using two forms of the same simulation, pure and impure, implemented either before or after instruction within a Web-based environment. The effect of the two types of simulation on learner attitudes about computers and online learning also was examined. Web-based instructional modules on basic computer networking concepts were used by two hundred and twenty six college students from the College of Education at Arizona State University as part of the study. A pretest-posttest control group experimental design with five conditions formed the research design. All subjects completed two online questionnaires. One questionnaire consisted of questions centered on demographic information, such as participant gender and age. The second questionnaire consisted of questions about subject attitudes, comfort with, and access to technology. Responses to the attitude questions were charted on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree. As the third pre-assessment, an online multiple-choice pretest about the networking instructional module was administered to all the subjects. The results of this study showed that regardless of what type of computer-based simulation if used after online instruction is more effective on learner's performance (knowledge gain) when compared with online instruction with no simulation. Also this study found a greater increase in knowledge gain when the simulation was used after online instruction than did the pure simulation used before the online instructional module. The difference in learner attitude about computers and online instruction between and among the simulation conditions and the no simulation condition was non-significant. However, the results of this study showed a small positive gain on student attitudes regarding computers and online instruction regardless of condition to which each had been assigned. These results confirmed findings reported from previous studies. The educational benefits of computer-based simulations are not automatically gained. Educators and instructional designers should consider the simulation's place on the instructional sequence, the subject content and the learning outcome when designing online instruction in a Web-based environment. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Toward Alignment with a Virtual Human - Achieving Joint Attention
Authors: Nadine Pfeiffer-Leßmann, Ipke Wachsmuth
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2008)

Alignment forms the basis of successful communication. It can be seen as the most efficient means for action coordination of cooperating agents, covering adaptation processes operating without an explicit exchange of information states. One critical condition of alignment consists of joint attention. We present work on equipping a virtual human with the capability of reaching joint attention with its human interlocutor. On the one hand, mechanisms to detect the human's focus of attention are employed. On the other hand, basic cognitive as well as intentional processes underlying the phenomenon of joint attention are incorporated in our agent's cognitive architecture. In this context, a dynamic working memory and a partner model accounting for theory of mind and intentionality are crucial constituents.
From Time-Shift to Shape-Shift: Towards Nonlinear Production and Consumption of News
Authors: Henrik Larsson, Inger Lindstedt, Jonas Löwgren, Bo Reimer, Richard Topgaard
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Changing Television Environments (2008)

People depend on news to make sense of happenings in the world, but current digital news products do not live up to their potential in this regard. Interactivity in relation to news is often seen as a way to give the consumer control over when to consume something and on which platform. Less attention has been placed on what should be consumed and how. Within the project MyNews- MyWay, a news service has been constructed that makes possible a more in-depth and varied media consumption than what traditional news services offer today. In addition to time-shifting, the service makes it possible to shift also the shape of the material consumed.
Online Gradient Descent Learning Algorithms
Authors: Yiming Ying, Massimiliano Pontil
Venue: Foundations of Computational Mathematics (2008)

This paper considers the least-square online gradient descent algorithm in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) without an explicit regularization term. We present a novel capacity independent approach to derive error bounds and convergence results for this algorithm. The essential element in our analysis is the interplay between the generalization error and a weighted cumulative error which we define in the paper. We show that, although the algorithm does not involve an explicit RKHS regularization term, choosing the step sizes appropriately can yield competitive error rates with those in the literature.
Energy Efficient Sleep Scheduling in Sensor Networks for Multiple Target Tracking
Authors: Bo Jiang, Binoy Ravindran, Hyeonjoong Cho
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (2008)

This paper presents an energy-aware, sleep scheduling algorithm called SSMTT to support multiple target tracking sensor networks. SSMTT leverages the awakening result of interfering targets to save the energy consumption on proactive wake-up communication. For the alarm message-miss problem introduced by multiple target tracking, we present a solution that involves scheduling the sensor nodes' sleep pattern. We compare SSMTT against three sleep scheduling algorithms for single target tracking: the legacy circle scheme, MCTA, and TDSS. Our experimental evaluations show that SSMTT achieves better energy efficiency than handling multiple targets separately through single target tracking algorithms.
Low-level interpretability and high-level interpretability: a unified view of data-driven interpretable fuzzy system modelling
Authors: Shang-Ming Zhou, John Q. Gan
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2008)

This paper aims at providing an in-depth overview of designing interpretable fuzzy inference models from data within a unified framework. The objective of complex system modelling is to develop reliable and understandable models for human being to get insights into complex real-world systems whose first-principle models are unknown. Because system behaviour can be described naturally as a series of linguistic rules, data-driven fuzzy modelling becomes an attractive and widely used paradigm for this purpose. However, fuzzy models constructed from data by adaptive learning algorithms usually suffer from the loss of model interpretability. Model accuracy and interpretability are two conflicting objectives, so interpretation preservation during adaptation in data-driven fuzzy system modelling is a challenging task, which has received much attention in fuzzy system modelling community. In order to clearly discriminate the different roles of fuzzy sets, input variables, and other components in achieving an interpretable fuzzy model, a taxonomy of fuzzy model interpretability is first proposed in terms of low-level interpretability and high-level interpretability in this paper. The low-level interpretability of fuzzy models refers to fuzzy model interpretability achieved by optimizing the membership functions in terms of semantic criteria on fuzzy set level, while the high-level interpretability refers to fuzzy model interpretability obtained by dealing with the coverage, completeness, and consistency of the rules in terms of the criteria on fuzzy rule level. Some criteria for low-level interpretability and high-level interpretability are identified, respectively. Different data-driven fuzzy modelling techniques in the literature focusing on the interpretability issues are reviewed and discussed from the perspective of low-level interpretability and high-level interpretability. Furthermore, some open problems about interpretable fuzzy models are identified and some potential new research directions on fuzzy model interpretability are also suggested.
Computational Complexity of Perfect-Phylogeny-Related Haplotyping Problems
Authors: Michael Elberfeld, Till Tantau
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd international symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (2008)

Haplotyping, also known as haplotype phase prediction, is the problem of predicting likely haplotypes based on genotype data. This problem, which has strong practical applications, can be approached using both statistical as well as combinatorial methods. While the most direct combinatorial approach, maximum parsimony, leads to NP-complete problems, the perfect phylogeny model proposed by Gusfield yields a problem, called pph, that can be solved in polynomial (even linear) time. Even this may not be fast enough when the whole genome is studied, leading to the question of whether parallel algorithms can be used to solve the pph problem. In the present paper we answer this question affirmatively, but we also give lower complexity bounds on its complexity. In detail, we show that the problem lies in Mod2L, a subclass of the circuit complexity class NC2, and is hard for logarithmic space and thus presumably not in NC1. We also investigate variants of the pph problem that have been studied in the literature, like the perfect path phylogeny haplotyping problem and the combined problem where a perfect phylogeny of maximal parsimony is sought, and show that some of these variants are TC0-complete or lie in AC0.
Tackling Large Verification Problems with the Swarm Tool
Authors: Gerard J. Holzmann, Rajeev Joshi, Alex Groce
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international workshop on Model Checking Software (2008)

The range of verification problems that can be solved with logic model checking tools has increased significantly in the last few decades. This increase in capability is based on algorithmic advances, but in no small measure it is also made possible by increases in processing speed and main memory sizes on standard desktop systems. For the time being, though, the increase in CPU speeds has mostly ended as chip-makers are redirecting their efforts to the development of multi-core systems. In the coming years we can expect systems with very large memory sizes, and increasing numbers of CPU cores, but with each core running at a relatively low speed. We will discuss the implications of this important trend, and describe how we can leverage these developments with new tools.
XSS-GUARD: Precise Dynamic Prevention of Cross-Site Scripting Attacks
Authors: Prithvi Bisht, V. N. Venkatakrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment (2008)

This paper focuses on defense mechanisms for cross-site scripting attacks, the top threat on web applications today. It is believed that input validation (or filtering) can effectively prevent XSS attacks on the server side. In this paper, we discuss several recent real-world XSS attacks and analyze the reasons for the failure of filtering mechanisms in defending these attacks. We conclude that while filtering is useful as a first level of defense against XSS attacks, it is ineffective in preventing several instances of attack, especially when user input includes content-rich HTML. We then propose XSS-Guard, a new framework that is designed to be a prevention mechanism against XSS attacks on the server side. XSS-Guard works by dynamically learning the set of scripts that a web application intends to create for any HTML request. Our approach also includes a robust mechanism for identifying scripts at the server side and removes any script in the output that is not intended by the web application. We discuss extensive experimental results that demonstrate the resilience of XSS-Guard in preventing a number of real-world XSS exploits.
Effect of wet chemical substrate pretreatment on the growth behavior of Ta(N) films deposited by thermal ALD
Authors: S. Strehle, H. Schumacher, D. Schmidt, M. Knaut, M. Albert, J. W. Bartha
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

The deposition of ultra thin Ta(N) films by ALD is a possibility to achieve conformal film thickness and suitable step coverage for microelectronic applications. Due to the sorption of a precursor molecule to the substrate surface, the chemical interface conditions are important. In the present study selected substrate pretreatments were investigated by in situ XPS and spectroscopic ellipsometry in reference to the amount of carbon containing contamination and oxygen and in reference to the ALD growth rate of Ta(N) films. Furthermore, surface roughness was measured by AFM and will be discussed in dependence on the individual pretreatment and the ALD Ta(N) cycle number.