ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Microdevice for Isolating Viable Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Swee Jin Tan, Levent Yobas, Gabriel Yew Hoe Lee, Choon Nam Ong, Chwee Teck Lim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Biocomputation, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Technologies (2008)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood has clinical significance in highlighting disease status for cancer patients. Thus analyzing blood samples, a commonly extracted body fluids in any health test, can be very helpful in prognosis. Here, we present a microdevice that permits separation of CTCs and blood constituents via their distinctively different biorheology. No functional modifications of the device were required and viable CTCs were obtained. Further studies on viable CTCs might give insights into the nature of the metastatic process. In our microfluidic device, the efficiency for isolating MCF-7 cells (breast adenocarcinoma) was 83%. Comparing with normal cultures, reseeded MCF-7 cells from isolation show no difference in proliferation rate highlighting these cells remain viable. Preliminary results show great promise to efficiently isolate and enumerate viable CTCs from peripheral blood with unique biomechanical characteristics. The microfluidic device presents an effective means for CTC studies and monitoring of cancer.
Recent improvements in the integration of field emitters into scanning probe microscopy sensors
Authors: S. Beuer, M. Rommel, S. Petersen, B. Amon, Th. Sulzbach, W. Engl, A. J. Bauer, H. Ryssel
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

Recent improvements in the fabrication of integrated field emitters with a control electrode into scanning probe microscopy sensors are presented and discussed. Compared to earlier work the precursor material for the electron beam induced deposition of the emitter was changed from a Pt precursor ((CH"3C"5H"4)Pt(CH"3)"3) to a C precursor (C"1"4H"1"0) which leads to a higher process yield and an improved process stability. The change of the material for the control electrode from Pt to Cr results in better compatibility to standard semiconductor processing. The field emitter devices were fabricated by focused charged particle beam processing revealing emission currents of 0.8@mA/tip for gate voltages of about 65V. Possible reasons for the high turn-on voltages V"t"o were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with EDX analyses and approaches for reducing V"t"o are presented.
Authenticated Group Key Distribution for Unreliable Sensor Networks
Authors: Hwaseong Lee, Yon Ho Kim, Dong Hoon Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Information Security and Assurance (isa 2008) (2008)

Chadha et al. proposed a group key scheme for wireless sensor networks via local collaboration. A group key was derived from base station's broadcast message and a node's secret. However, there is no authentication in the group key scheme. It is essential to share a reliable group key among the entire nodes even though it results in a little overhead.
Checking the hardware-software interface in spec#
Authors: Kevin Bierhoff, Chris Hawblitzel
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Programming languages and operating systems (2007)

Research operating systems are often written in type-safe, high-level languages. These languages perform automatic static and dynamic checks to give basic assurances about run-time behavior. Yet such operating systems still rely on unsafe, low-level code to communicate with hardware, with little or no automated checking of the correctness of the hardware-software interaction. This paper describes experience using the Spec# language and Boogie verifier to statically specify and statically verify the safety of a driver's interaction with a network interface, including the safety of DMA.
Overview of Topic Map Construction Approaches
Authors: Nebrasse Ellouze, Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Elisabeth Metais
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

Topic Maps standard (ISO-13250) has been gradually recognized as an emerging standard for information exploration and knowledge organization. One advantage of topic maps is that they enable a user to navigate and access the documents he wants in an organized manner, rather than browsing through hyperlinks that are generally unstructured and often misleading. Nowadays, the topic maps are generally manually constructed by domain experts or users since the functionality and feasibility of automatically generated topic maps still in progress. In this paper, we give an overview of Topic Map building approaches. These approaches take as input different data types: structured documents, structured knowledge, unstructured documents and semi-structured data, and propose different techniques to build a Topic Map such as merging, mapping from RDF to TM and learning techniques. Some other research works are dedicated to cooperative Topic Map building and another research area deals with automatic generation of TM from XML documents.
Embedded fault diagnosis in digital systems with BIST
Authors: Raimund Ubar, Sergei Kostin, Jaan Raik
Venue: Microprocessors Microsystems (2008)

This paper presents an optimized fault diagnosing procedure applicable in Built-in Self-Test environments. Instead of the known approach based on a simple bisection of patterns in pseudorandom test sequences, we propose a novel bisection procedure where the diagnostic weight of test patterns is taken into account. Another novelty is the sequential nature of the procedure which allows pruning the search space. Opposite to the classical approach which targets all failing patterns, in the proposed method not all of such patterns are needed to be used for diagnosis. This allows to trade-off the speed of diagnosis with diagnostic resolution. To improve the diagnostic resolution multiple signature analyzers are used. A method is proposed to partition a single signature analyzer into a set of multiple independent analyzers, and the algorithms are given to synthesize an optimal interface between the outputs of the circuit under test and the analyzers. The proposed method is compared with three known fault diagnosis methods: classical Binary Search based on patterns bisection, Doubling and Jumping. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method compared to the previous ones.
Multi projector displays using a 3D compositing window manager
Authors: Manuela Waldner, Christian Pirchheim, Dieter Schmalstieg
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 workshop on Immersive projection technologies/Emerging display technologiges (2008)

The usage of projected displays in everyday office environments is still uncommon due to deficiencies in nowadays projection systems. An automatic calibration routine for multi-projector setups should adopt to the existing room geometry while not restricting the users' workflow to specific applications or by modifying their desktop environment. We present a geometry-adaptive calibration and rendering application for multi-planar surfaces which applies warping and alpha blending to an unmodified X desktop, implemented as plugin for an existing 3D hardware-accelerated compositing window manager. The transformations are performed transparently to X applications and require negligible computational resources.
Detecting buffer overflow via automatic test input data generation
Authors: C. Del Grosso, G. Antoniol, E. Merlo, P. Galinier
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2008)

Buffer overflows cause serious problems in various categories of software systems. In critical systems, such as health-care, nuclear or aerospace software applications, a buffer overflow may cause severe threats to humans or severe economic losses. If they occur in network or security applications, they can be exploited to gain administrator privileges, perform system attacks, access unauthorized data, or misuse the system. This paper proposes a combination of genetic algorithms, linear programming, evolutionary testing, and static and dynamic information to detect buffer overflows. The newly proposed test input generation process avoids the need for human intervention to define and tune genetic algorithm weights and therefore it becomes completely automated. The process that guides the genetic search towards the detection of buffer overflow relies on a fitness function that takes into account static and dynamic information. Reported results of our case studies, consisting of two sets of open-source programs show that the new process and fitness function outperform previously published approaches.
High performance publish/subscribe middleware for mobile wireless networks
Authors: Umar Farooq, Shikharesh Majumdar, Eric W. Parsons
Venue: Mobile Information Systems (2007)

Decoupling, flexible, scalable and asynchronous nature of publish/subscribe paradigms makes them a good choice for mobile wireless networks. However, our research shows that current implementations of publish/subscribe systems as well as the traditional solutions for extending publish/subscribe systems to the mobile domain do not perform well in highly mobile and unreliable wireless settings. We present semi-durable subscriptions, a technique that we have developed to overcome the challenges and the performance concerns publish/subscribe systems face in mobile wireless settings. We discuss the architecture of semi-durable subscriptions and study in detail the effect of various mobility parameters on the performance of semi-durable subscriptions to demonstrate their efficacy in mobile wireless settings. We also discuss system parameters for semi-durable subscriptions and with the help of experimental results demonstrate how these parameters can be controlled to configure a system according to a set of desired characteristics.
A type system for the automatic distribution of higher-order synchronous dataflow programs
Authors: Gwenaël Delaval, Alain Girault, Marc Pouzet
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems (2008)

We address the design of distributed systems with synchronous dataflow programming languages. As modular design entails handling both architectural and functional modularity, our first contribution is to extend an existing synchronous dataflow programming language with primitives allowing the description of a distributed architecture and the localization of some expressions onto some processors. We also present a distributed semantics to formalize the distributed execution of synchronous programs. Our second contribution is to provide a type system, in order to infer the localization of non-annotated values by means of type inference and to ensure, at compilation time, the consistency of the distribution. Our third contribution is to provide a type-directed projection operation to obtain automatically, from a centralized typed program, the local program to be executed by each computing resource. The type system as well as the automatic distribution mechanism has been fully implemented in the compiler of an existing synchronous data-flow programming language.
Tunneling vs. thermionic currents in multi-quantum well photovoltaic structures
Authors: Argyrios C. Varonides, Robert A. Spalletta
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circuits (2005)

Photogeneration in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n device excites carriers in the conduction bands with non-zero currents. A special class of multi-quantum well photovoltaic structures (mqw-PV) is p-i-n PV structures where photo-generation may cause tunneling and or thermionic escape, from the intrinsic region. In this communication, we propose a formalism of tunneling versus thermal escape in p-i-n mqw-PV structures. The concept is a superlattice embedded in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n solar cell, which under illumination generates free carriers for current collection. We show that quantum size effects do matter in these devices and we compute the corresponding short circuit currents. We conclude that thermal and tunneling currents behave almost in a complimentary way: tunneling dominates at low temperatures and that thermal escape dominates at high temperatures. We report results at temperature levels (two extremes at -10and 100°C) and predict total current density values near an average of 60mA/cm2. We finally conclude that the main drawback of these devices is their compromised open circuit voltage.
A Hilbert Curve-Based Distributed Index for Window Queries in Wireless Data Broadcast Systems
Authors: Jun-Hong Shen, Ye-In Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

Location-dependent spatial query in the wireless environment is that mobile users query the spatial objects dependent on their current location. The window query is one of the essential spatial queries, which finds spatial objects located within a given window. In this paper, we propose a Hilbert curve-based distributed index for window queries in the wireless data broadcast systems. Our proposed algorithm allocates spatial objects in the Hilbert-curve order to preserve the spatial locality. Moreover, to quickly answer window queries, our proposed algorithm utilizes the neighbor-link index, which has knowledge about neighbor objects, to return the answered objects. From our experimental study, we have shown that our proposed algorithm outperforms the distributed spatial index.
Opportunistic spatial gossip over mobile social networks
Authors: Augustin Chaintreau, Pierre Fraigniaud, Emmanuelle Lebhar
Venue: Proceedings of the first workshop on Online social networks (2008)

This paper investigates how the principles underlying online social network services could be used to take advantage of node mobility in an opportunistic manner. As an example, we show how to take advantage of opportunistic contacts between mobile phones that run an online social network service. Our model includes static nodes, and mobile nodes which follow random walks. As in an online network service, we assume that each node can only communicate with a small subset of others nodes (called its mates) in addition to its geographical neighbors. Here we prove that, in such context, a simple connection scheme enables to execute sophisticated tasks (e.g., routing) and mechanisms (e.g., spatial gossip), while using only opportunistic communication and communication between mates. In other words, our results show that future online social networks can exploit mobility as long as they forget connections appropriately.
The system parameter fusion principle and its application
Authors: Qiangguo Pu, Nikos E. Mastorakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Electronics, Control and Signal Processing (2003)

Modern technology provides a great amount of information. But for computer monitoring systems, we need to reduce the number of variables to one or two parameters, which express the quality and/or security of the whole system. This paper presents a principle for synthesizing measurements of multiple system parameters into a single parameter and the different forms of its quality functions, and shows its application to an ultra-energy efficient house.
Protection of Patient's Privacy and Data Security in E-Health Services
Authors: Yi Hong, Timothy B. Patrick, Rick Gillis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 01 (2008)

E-Health involves new forms of patient-physician interaction and poses new ethical challenges and threats to patient privacy. This paper reviews Health On the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) accredited e-Health websites that provide online appointment services in the U.S.A for compliance with basic principles of security and privacy. We found that 20 of 30 HON sites we reviewed are secure sites but only 8 of 20 secure sites state that it is secure. Most HON sites require patients to submit confidential data. 12 of 30 websites do not display privacy notice on the web appointment request page. The reading level might be a problem for the patients who have lower educational background to understand the privacy notice. Regulations and guidelines do not ensure that privacy protection and data security is done appropriately or well. More attention to security methods and procedures is needed to safeguard patients’ privacy rights.
Thinking Inside the Box: System-Level Failures of Tamper Proofing
Authors: Saar Drimer, Steven J. Murdoch, Ross Anderson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2008)

PIN entry devices (PEDs) are critical security components in EMV smartcard payment systems as they receive a customer's card and PIN. Their approval is subject to an extensive suite of evaluation and certification procedures. In this paper, we demonstrate that the tamper proofing of PEDs is unsatisfactory, as is the certification process. We have implemented practical low-cost attackson two certified, widely-deployed PEDs -- the Ingenico i3300 and the DioneXtreme. By tapping inadequately protected smartcard communications, an attacker with basic technical skills can expose card details and PINs, leaving cardholders open to fraud. We analyze the anti-tampering mechanisms of the two PEDs and show that, while the specific protection measures mostly work as intended, critical vulnerabilities arise because of the poor integration of cryptographic, physical and procedural protection. As these vulnerabilities illustrate a systematic failure in the design process, we propose a methodology for doing it better in the future. These failures also demonstrate a serious problem with the Common Criteria. So we discuss the incentive structures of the certification process, and show how they can lead to problems of the kind we identified. Finally, we recommend changes to the Common Criteria framework in light of the lessons learned.
Corrigendum: Corrigendum to "Exponential state estimation for recurrent neural networks with distributed delays" [Neurocomputing 71(1-3) (2007) 428-438]
Authors: Tao Li, Shu-min Fei
Venue: Neurocomputing (2008)

In the letter [Neurocomputing 71(1-3) (2007) 428-438], there exists one minor error in computing the derivative of V"2(@?(t)) and thus, the proof of Theorem 1 needs some improvement.
Water reservoir control under economic, social and environmental constraints
Authors: Andrea Castelletti, Francesca Pianosi, Rodolfo Soncini-Sessa
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2008)

Although great progress has been made in the last 40 years, efficient operation of water reservoir systems still remains a very active research area. The combination of multiple water uses, non-linearities in the model and in the objectives, strong uncertainties in inputs and high dimensional state make the problem challenging and intriguing. The purpose of this paper is to review, in a strict Control Theory perspective, recent and significant advances in designing management policies for water reservoir networks, under economic, social and environmental constraints. A general and thorough problem formulation is provided, along with a description of traditional solution techniques, their limitations and possible alternative approaches.
Bracketing numbers for axis-parallel boxes and applications to geometric discrepancy
Authors: Michael Gnewuch
Venue: Journal of Complexity (2008)

In the first part of this paper we derive lower bounds and constructive upper bounds for the bracketing numbers of anchored and unanchored axis-parallel boxes in the d-dimensional unit cube. In the second part we apply these results to geometric discrepancy. We derive upper bounds for the inverse of the star and the extreme discrepancy with explicitly given small constants and an optimal dependence on the dimension d, and provide corresponding bounds for the star and the extreme discrepancy itself. These bounds improve known results from [B. Doerr, M. Gnewuch, A. Srivastav, Bounds and constructions for the star-discrepancy via @d-covers, J. Complexity 21 (2005) 691-709], [M. Gnewuch, Bounds for the average L^p-extreme and the L^~-extreme discrepancy, Electron. J. Combin. 12 (2005) Research Paper 54] and [H. N. Mhaskar, On the tractability of multivariate integration and approximation by neural networks, J. Complexity 20 (2004) 561-590]. We also discuss an algorithm from [E. Thiemard, An algorithm to compute bounds for the star discrepancy, J. Complexity 17 (2001) 850-880] to approximate the star-discrepancy of a given n-point set. Our lower bound on the bracketing number of anchored boxes, e.g., leads directly to a lower bound of the running time of Thiemard's algorithm. Furthermore, we show how one can use our results to modify the algorithm to approximate the extreme discrepancy of a given set.
Analytical risk-based model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport in landfills with radium sources
Authors: Clifford K. Ho
Venue: Environmental Modelling Software (2008)

An analytical model of gaseous and liquid-phase radon transport through soils is derived for environmental modeling of landfills containing uranium mill tailings or Ra-226 sources. Processes include radon diffusion in both the gas and liquid phases, advection of soluble radon in percolating water, radioactive decay, equilibrium partitioning between gas and liquid phases, and emanation from different source terms. A probabilistic framework for the radon-transport model is introduced that provides uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for risk-based assessments. Uncertainty analyses are used to compare simulated performance metrics (e.g., radon surface flux) against regulatory standards. Sensitivity analyses are used to identify key parameters and processes that impact the variability of the simulated results. The models and analyses are illustrated with a probabilistic performance assessment of the Mixed Waste Landfill at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM.
Evolution of clusters in dynamic point patterns: with a case study of Ants' simulation
Authors: Maxim Shoshany, Asaf Even-Paz, Shlomo Bekhor
Venue: International Journal of Geographical Information Science (2007)

Recent developments in sensing and tracking technologies have enabled large geographical databases to be established that represent spatial dynamics of 'behavioral entities'. Within this type of dynamics there are several levels and modes of organization that need to be revealed. Clusters are high-level groupings of entities, where change in their location and form, including split and merge events, represents self-organization and functioning patterns. Such information may contribute for better understanding spatially complex dynamic patterns. The main objective of this article is to develop an adaptable methodology that facilitates exploration of spatial order and processes in point pattern dynamics. The approach presented here utilizes data-clustering at each snapshot of the moving pattern, and then involves pairwise linking between the clusters identified at each snapshot and those identified in the following snapshot. Such linking is based on a new methodology that defines well globally optimized solutions for numerous possible linking combinations based on Linear Programming. A preliminary assessment of the approach was conducted with an existing Ants' simulation tool, capable of creating data sets covering in detail a substantial portion of the nest's life cycle.