ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Uniform asymptotics of some Abel sums arising in coding theory
Authors: Hsien-Kuei Hwang
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2001)

We derive uniform asymptotic expressions of some Abel sums appearing in some problems in coding theory and indicate the usefulness of these sums in other fields, like empirical processes, machine maintenance, analysis of algorithms, probabilistic number theory, queuing models, etc.
Information security is information risk management
Authors: Bob Blakley, Ellen McDermott, Dan Geer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on New security paradigms (2001)

Information security is important in proportion to an organization's dependence on information technology. When an organization's information is exposed to risk, the use of information security technology is obviously appropriate. Current information security technology, however, deals with only a small fraction of the problem of information risk. In fact, the evidence increasingly suggests that information security technology does not reduce information risk very effectively.This paper argues that we must reconsider our approach to information security from the ground up if we are to deal effectively with the problem of information risk, and proposes a new model inspired by the history of medicine.
Collaborative relevance judgment: a group consensus method for evaluating user search performance
Authors: Xiangmin Zhang
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2002)

Relevance judgment has traditionally been considered a personal and subjective matter. A user's search and the search result are treated as an isolated event. To consider the collaborative nature of information retrieval (IR) in a group/organization or even societal context, this article proposes a method that measures relevance based on group/peer consensus. The method can be used in IR experiments. In this method, the relevance of a document is decided by group consensus, or more specifically, by the number of users (or experiment participants) who retrieve it for the same search question. The more users who retrieve it, the more relevant the document will be considered. A user's search performance can be measured by a relevance score based on this notion. The article reports the results of an experiment using this method to compare the search performance of different types of users. Related issues with the method and future directions are also discussed.
SmartSkin: an infrastructure for freehand manipulation on interactive surfaces
Authors: Jun Rekimoto
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves (2002)

This paper introduces a new sensor architecture for making interactive surfaces that are sensitive to human hand and finger gestures. This sensor recognizes multiple hand positions and shapes and calculates the distance between the hand and the surface by using capacitive sensing and a mesh-shaped antenna. In contrast to camera-based gesture recognition systems, all sensing elements can be integrated within the surface, and this method does not suffer from lighting and occlusion problems. This paper describes the sensor architecture, as well as two working prototype systems: a table-size system and a tablet-size system. It also describes several interaction techniques that would be difficult to perform without using this architecture
Computer Models for Operations Management, 2nd edition
Authors: James A. Freeman
Venue:  (1993)

:Computer Models for Operations Management, Second Edition offers a collection of production and operations management analytical software models for decision support. The cases presented in each chapter are designed to illustrate the input procedures as well as to highlight the output.
ED4I: Error Detection by Diverse Data and Duplicated Instructions
Authors: Nahmsuk Oh, Subhasish Mitra, Edward J. McCluskey
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2002)

Errors in computing systems can cause abnormal behavior and degrade data integrity and system availability. Errors should be avoided especially in embedded systems for critical applications. However, as the trend in VLSI technologies has been toward smaller feature sizes, lower supply voltages, and higher frequencies, there is a growing concern about temporary errors as well as permanent errors in embedded systems; thus, it is very essential to detect those errors. Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance (SIHFT) is a low-cost alternative to hardware fault tolerance techniques for embedded processors: It does not require any hardware modification of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) processors. ED4I is a SIHFT technique that detects both permanent and temporary errors by executing two "different" programs (with the same functionality) and comparing their outputs. ED4I maps each number, x, in the original program into a new number x', and then transforms the program so that it operates on the new numbers so that the results can be mapped backwards for comparison with the results of the original program. The mapping in the transformation of ED4I is x'=k·x for integer numbers, where k determines the fault detection probability and data integrity of the system. For floating point numbers, we find a value of kf for the fraction and ke for the exponent separately and use k=kf×2ke for the value of k. We have demonstrated how to choose an optimal value of k for the transformation. This paper shows that, for integer programs, the transformation with k=-2 was the most desirable choice in six out of seven benchmark programs we simulated. It maximizes fault detection probability under the condition that data integrity is highest.
Cellular channel assignment: a new localized and distributed strategy
Authors: Roberto Battiti, Alan A. Bertossi, Mauro Brunato
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2001)

As the use of mobile communications systems grows, the need arises for new and more efficient channel allocation techniques. The total number of available channels on a real-world network is in fact a scarce resource, and many assignment heuristics suffer from a clear lack of flexibility (this is the case of Fixed Channel Allocation), or from high computational and communication complexity (as with channel borrowing techniques). Performance can be improved by representing the system with an objective function whose minimum is associated with a good configuration; the various constraints appear as penalty terms in the function. The problem is thus reduced to the search for a minimum, that is often performed via heuristic algorithms like Hopfield neural networks, simulated annealing or reinforcement learning. These strategies usually require a central process to have global information and decide for all cells. We consider an objective-function formulation of the channel assignment problem that has been previously solved by search heuristics; we prove that the search time for the global minimum of the objective function is O(n log n), and therefore there is no need for search techniques. Finally we show that the algorithm that arises from this formulation can be modified so that global knowledge and synchronization are no longer required, and we give its distributed version. By simulating a cellular network with mobile hosts on a hexagonal cell pattern with uniform call distribution, we show that our technique actually performs better than the best known algorithms.
Microsoft FrontPage 97 at a Glance
Authors: Stephen L. Nelson
Venue:  (1997)

:Here's the visual way to quickly get to work using the powerful features of Microsoft FrontPage 97. Microsoft FrontPage 97 At a Glance lets you focus on a particular task and shows you, with clear, numbered steps, the easiest way to get it done. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Real-Time Systems and Software, 1st edition
Authors: Alan C. Shaw
Venue:  (2000)

:Emphasizing concepts and principles, this book provides readers with an accessible approach to software design. It presents several examples of commercial and research systems throughout the chapters to explain and justify the concepts. And the material presented is technically diverse, including discussions of state machines, logic, concurrent programming, and scheduling algorithms.
Data Modeling and Design for Today's Architectures, 1st edition
Authors: Angelo R. Bobak
Venue:  (1997)

:Written for database novices and pros alike, this book shows how to apply the practical techniques associated with data modeling and design to today's newest database architectures. In clear, easy-to-understand language, the book first outlines fundamental database concepts such as logical and physical modeling, normalization, and denormalization, then relates these ideas to advanced platforms including distributed homogeneous database, multi-database, and federated database architectures. Designers and managers who work with client/server architectures and database systems quickly gain a solid grasp of multi-dimensional analysis techniques for on-line analytical processing (OLAP) and object-oriented database architectures.
Macromedia Director 8: Creating Powerful Multimedia, 1st edition
Authors: CORPORATE Against the Clock,  Inc. Staff
Venue:  (2000)

:This two-color, spiral bound book offers users easy reference and access while they work at their computersno matter what hardware environment they work in. It works for software across hardware platformsboth Mac and Windows, employing project-based instruction to teach users the basics of the software programs while they complete real-world projects. A user-friendly icon system indicates key information, activities, or instruction, and directs readers to these important areaseliminating the need to pore over entire sections of the book. Chapter openers provide a preview of the chapter goals and objectives, while sidebar comments and a variety of exercises throughout, give learners insights into specific tasks, and strengthens their basic awareness of software functions. Illustrations of completed assignments presents users with a guide for finalizing projects. For graphic arts and computer design professionals, and for use in corporate training environments.
Programming language support for replication in fault-tolerant distributed systems
Authors: Eric C. Cooper
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop (1990)

Replication is the primary means of achieving high availability in fault-tolerant distributed systems. Multicast or group communication is a useful tool for expressing replicated algorithms and constructing highly available systems. But programming language support for replication and group communication is uncommon.This position paper discusses three language constructs---functional mapping, iterators, and streams---that can be used for replicated communication at the programming language level. These mechanisms are evaluated using a set of essential and desirable properties.
An automated system for documentation of COBOL systems or programs
Authors: Francis E. Beal
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual Southeast regional conference (1979)

This paper presents a view of what constitutes good system/program documentation, the need for such documentation, and a broad overview of an automated system to provide this documentation. The system was developed at Clemson University's Division of Information Systems Development and can be used on any system written entirely in COBOL. Documentation information is extracted from a system descriptive data set and all programs listed as members in the system.Features provided by the system include expansion of COBOL and IDMS copy statements, printing of the linkage section (if applicable), extraction of all input/output verb statements used in the procedure division, table of contents generation, and automated block/database diagram generation. The system provides enough flexibility to allow any portion or an entire system to be input. Checklists of missing diagrams, reports, and programs not found in the specified library are also provided. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Reduced saliency of peripheral targets in gaze-contingent multi-resolutional displays: blended versus sharp boundary windows
Authors: Eyal M. Reingold, Lester C. Loschky
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications (2002)

Gaze-contingent multi-resolutional displays (GCMRDs) have been proposed to solve the processing and bandwidth bottleneck in many single-user displays, by dynamically placing high-resolution in a window at the center of gaze, with lower resolution everywhere else. GCMRDs are also useful for investigating the perceptual processes involved in natural scene viewing. Several such studies suggest that potential saccade targets in degraded regions are less salient than those in the high-resolution window. Consistent with this, Reingold, Loschky, Stampe and Shen [2001b] found longer initial saccadic latencies to a salient peripheral target in conditions with a high-resolution window and degraded surround than in an all low-pass filtered no-window condition. Nevertheless, these results may have been due to parafoveal load caused by saliency of the boundary between the high- and low-resolution areas. The current study extends Reingold, et al. [2001b] by comparing both sharp- and blended-resolution boundary conditions with an all low-resolution no-window condition. The results replicate the previous findings [Reingold et al. 2001b] but indicate that the effect is unaltered by the type of window boundary (sharp or blended). This rules out the parafoveal load hypothesis, while further supporting the hypothesis that potential saccade targets in the degraded region are less salient than those in the high-resolution region.
"When i'm sixty-four...": are there real strategies for providing universal accessibility for the elderly
Authors: Laura Leventhal, Mary Zajicek, Joaquim Jorge, Krista Coleman, Robert J. K. Jacob, Pedro Branco, David Novick, Julio Abascal, Elizabeth Mynatt
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

In this panel we will present four strategies for providing computing for the elderly. We hope to generate discussion and ideas of the plusses and minuses of these strategies.
DIRT @SBT@discovery of inference rules from text
Authors: Dekang Lin, Patrick Pantel
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2001)

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method for discovering inference rules from text, such as "X is author of Y &ap; X wrote Y", "X solved Y &ap; X found a solution to Y", and "X caused Y &ap; Y is triggered by X". Inference rules are extremely important in many fields such as natural language processing, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence in general. Our algorithm is based on an extended version of Harris' Distributional Hypothesis, which states that words that occurred in the same contexts tend to be similar. Instead of using this hypothesis on words, we apply it to paths in the dependency trees of a parsed corpus.
Global Network Navigator for Dummies
Authors: John Kaufeld
Venue:  (1996)

:Other commercial online services may garner all the attention nowadays, but Global Network Navigator (GNN) offers many of the same services that the others do along with the full roster of Internet features, including the World Wide Web, e-mail, newsgroups, and Gopher. Global Network Navigator For Dummies shows you how to get the most out of this comprehensive service, including how to . . . Use Netscape Navigator, Eudora, and other popular Internet tools with your GNN connection Send and receive e-mail, swap stories and opinions in newsgroups, and meet new people with Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Locate the needle in the haystack you've been looking for, whether it's on the Web, on a Gopher server, or in some other Internet cubbyhole Download valuable shareware and resources from FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and Archie servers Best of all, Global Network Navigator For Dummies includes a bonus disk containing all the Windows software you need to get up and running with GNN.
Focus groups in HCI: wealth of information or waste of resources?
Authors: Stephanie Rosenbaum, Gilbert Cockton, Kara Coyne, Michael Muller, Thyra Rauch
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

Many HCI professionals frown on focus groups, while some believe focus group methodology can be successfully applied to collect usability data. This panel features interaction among HCI professionals with very different experiences and opinions.
Navigational blocks: navigating information space with tangible media
Authors: Ken Camarata, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Brian R. Johnson, Mark D. Gross
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2002)

The Navigational Blocks project demonstrates a tangible user interface that facilitates retrieval of historical stories in a tourist spot. Orientation, movement, and relative positions of physical Blocks support visitor navigation and exploration in a virtual gallery. The Navigational Blocks system provides a physical embodiment of digital information through tactile manipulation and haptic feedback. The simple cubic form of the Blocks is easy to understand and therefore easy to use to manipulate complex digital information. Electromagnets embedded in the Blocks and wireless communication encourage users to quickly rearrange the Blocks to form different database queries.
Software Reengineering, 1st edition
Authors: Robert S. Arnold
Venue:  (1994)

:Software reeingineering is important for putting high software maintenance costs under control, recovering existing software assets, and establishing a base for future software evolution. The idea is to improve, or transform, existing software so one can understand, control, and use it anew. Software reeingineering is integral for achieving many goals in software maintenance and for planning for change in existing systems.
A new method for compiling schizophrenic synchronous programs
Authors: K. Schneider, M. Wenz
Venue: Proceedings of the 2001 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems (2001)

Synchronous programming languages have proved to be advantageous for designing software and hardware for embedded systems. Despite their clear semantics, their compilation is remarkably difficult: In particular, one has to take care of potential schizophrenia problems. Although these problems are correctly translated with existing compilers, there is still a need for clean algorithms. In this paper, we present the first solution to eliminate schizophrenia problems by program transformations. These transformations are used for compilation, but also for increasing the readability of programs.
Segmentation-based modeling for advanced targeted marketing
Authors: C. Apte, E. Bibelnieks, R. Natarajan, E. Pednault, F. Tipu, D. Campbell, B. Nelson
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2001)

Fingerhut Business Intelligence (BI) has a long and successful history of building statistical models to predict consumer behavior. The models constructed are typically segmentation-based models in which the target audience is split into subpopulations (i.e., customer segments) and individually tailored statistical models are then developed for each segment. Such models are commonly employed in the direct-mail industry; however, segmentation is often performed on an ad-hoc basis without directly considering how segmentation affects the accuracy of the resulting segment models. Fingerhut BI approached IBM Research with the problem of how to build segmentation-based models more effectively so as to maximize predictive accuracy. The IBM Advanced Targeted Marketing-Single EventsTM (IBM ATM-SETM) solution is the result of IBM Research and Fingerhut BI directing their efforts jointly towards solving this problem. This paper presents an evaluation of ATM-SE's modeling capabilities using data from Fingerhut's catalog mailings.
Autonomy and interdependence in the DUNIX system
Authors: Ami Litman
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: Autonomy or interdependence in distributed systems? (1988)

This paper discusses the balance between autonomy and interdependence in the design of the DUNIX distributed operation system. DUNIX is a UNIX like timesharing system for a moderate community of users who are willing to share resources. The hardware controlled by DUNIX is composed of several computers connected by a packet-switching-network. Each computer has its own peripheral devices. The majority of the disks are dual ported to two computers, but at any instant, only one of these two ports is enabled. DUNIX uses this hardware to create an illusion. It makes the users and their software believe that the system is single large computer running UNIX. The illusion is so complete that the DUNIX kernels are able to migrate any running process from one computer to another without disturbing the behavior of the process.The goals of DUNIX were: ease of use, high availability, smooth, incremental growth, ease of maintenance, and ease of providing new (and yet unseen) services. To clarify, the following were not the goals of DUNIX. It is not a new way to build a supercomputer. It is not a real-time, or data-base, or fault-tolerant system. It is not for personal-computers (or workstations), and it is not scalable. More information on DUNIX may be found in: A. Litman, The D UNIX Distributed Operating System, Operating Systems Review, January 1988.The term 'autonomous' has two aspects: self-contained and self-controlled. The first means: capable to function all by itself. The second means: does not blindly follow external instruction. We will discuss the balance between these two aspects and interdependence separately.
Oracle Programming: A Primer, Version 8.0, 1st edition
Authors: Rajshekhar Sunderraman
Venue:  (1999)

:This programming companion provides a streamlined approach to Oracle SQL, the most prevalent database language used in industry and on campus today. This book focuses on the most up-to-date aspects of Oracle8 and is designed as a detailed guide for new users of this application. Readers of this primer will be able to complete projects in a number of different programming environments (PRO C/C++, PL/SQL, JDBC, and SQLJ). This book is suitable for use as a supplement in a database course that uses Oracle, as well as a reference for those in a nonacademic environment interested in learning about Oracle.
Teach Yourself Corel WordPerfect 8 for Windows, 1st edition
Authors: Jan Weingarten
Venue:  (1997)

:With easy-to-follow instructions and plenty of illustrations, teach yourself... Corel WordPerfect 8 leads you through the program's myriad functions and features. Once you have built a solid foundation of skills, the book progresses smoothly into more advanced topics, and concludes with tips on customizing WordPerfect to fit your needs and style. And, for those who are already up to speed on WordPerfect basics, there's plenty of information on Version 8's new and exciting features, including integration with Netscape Communicator, direct exportability of WordPerfect 8 files to HTML, the new PIM (personal information manager), enhanced drawing and table-creation tools, and more!
Rebirth of the computer industry
Authors: Harold W. Lawson
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2002)

What types of products are required and who will provide them?