ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adaptive multimedia presentations enabling universal access in technology enhanced situational learning
Authors: Thomas Kleinberger, Andreas Holzinger, Paul M&#x00fc;ller
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society (2008)

Successful situational learning, with continuous media support, requires both sophisticated technological and appropriate psychological concepts to enable learners, independently of age, to easily access continuous media learning objects (CMLO), which must be properly adapted to their actual needs, demands, requirements and previous knowledge. Current technological approaches fail to cover all relevant aspects concurrently. For example, systems providing adequate media management either are insufficiently adaptable and learning management systems lack sufficient support for continuous media. This paper addresses three main issues: (1) an analysis of adaptive situational learning with continuous media, identifying the shortcomings of some current solutions; (2) outline of an integrated approach for adaptive multimedia presentations enabling universal access for situational learning; and (3) a description of the multimedia module repository (MEMORY) system implementing this approach, the basic idea being to define multimedia presentations as dynamic processes, comparable to a computer program.
From Bit Level Systolic Arrays to HDTV Processor Chips
Authors: Roger F. Woods, John V. Mccanny, John G. Mcwhirter
Venue: Journal of Signal Processing Systems (2008)

The initial part of this paper reviews the early challenges (c 1980) in achieving real-time silicon implementations of DSP computations. In particular, it discusses research on application specific architectures, including bit level systolic circuits that led to important advances in achieving the DSP performance levels then required. These were many orders of magnitude greater than those achievable using programmable (including early DSP) processors, and were demonstrated through the design of commercial digital correlator and digital filter chips. As is discussed, an important challenge was the application of these concepts to recursive computations as occur, for example, in Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters. An important breakthrough was to show how fine grained pipelining can be used if arithmetic is performed most significant bit (msb) first. This can be achieved using redundant number systems, including carry-save arithmetic. This research and its practical benefits were again demonstrated through a number of novel IIR filter chip designs which at the time, exhibited performance much greater than previous solutions. The architectural insights gained coupled with the regular nature of many DSP and video processing computations also provided the foundation for new methods for the rapid design and synthesis of complex DSP System-on-Chip (SoC), Intellectual Property (IP) cores. This included the creation of a wide portfolio of commercial SoC video compression cores (MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264) for very high performance applications ranging from cell phones to High Definition TV (HDTV). The work provided the foundation for systematic methodologies, tools and design flows including high-level design optimizations based on "algorithmic engineering" and also led to the creation of the Abhainn tool environment for the design of complex heterogeneous DSP platforms comprising processors and multiple FPGAs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problems faced by designers in developing complex DSP systems using current SoC technology.
3D reconstruction of a femoral shape using a parametric model and two 2D fluoroscopic images
Authors: Ryo Kurazume, Kaori Nakamura, Toshiyuki Okada, Yoshinobu Sato, Nobuhiko Sugano, Tsuyoshi Koyama, Yumi Iwashita, Tsutomu Hasegawa
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2009)

In medical diagnostic imaging, the X-ray CT scanner and the MRI system have been widely used to examine 3D shapes and internal structures of living organisms and bones. However, these apparatuses are generally large and very expensive. Since an appointment is also required before examination, these systems are not suitable for urgent fracture diagnosis in emergency treatment. However, X-ray/fluoroscopy has been widely used as traditional medical diagnosis. Therefore, the realization of the reconstruction of precise 3D shapes of living organisms or bones from a few conventional 2D fluoroscopic images might be very useful in practice, in terms of cost, labor, and radiation exposure. The present paper proposes a method by which to estimate a patient-specific 3D shape of a femur from only two fluoroscopic images using a parametric femoral model. First, we develop a parametric femoral model by the statistical analysis of 3D femoral shapes created from CT images of 56 patients. Then, the position and shape parameters of the parametric model are estimated from two 2D fluoroscopic images using a distance map constructed by the Level Set Method. Experiments using synthesized images, fluoroscopic images of a phantom femur, and in vivo images for hip prosthesis patients are successfully carried out, and it is verified that the proposed system has practical applications.
KPC-Toolbox: best recipes toward automatization of workload fitting
Authors: Eddy Zheng Zhang, Giuliano Casale, Evgenia Smirni
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (2008)

We present the KPC-Toolbox, a set of MATLAB scripts for fitting workload traces into Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs) in an automatic way. Given that the MAP parameterization space can be very large, we focus on first determining the order of the smallest MAP that can fit the trace well using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Having determined the order of the target MAP, the KPC-Toolbox automatically derives a MAP that captures accurately the moments and temporal dependence of the trace. We present experiments showing the effectiveness of the KPC-Toolbox in fitting traces that are well-documented in the literature as very challenging ones to fit.
Automatic diagnosis of mobile communication networks under imprecise parameters
Authors: Raquel Barco, Luis Díez, Volker Wille, Pedro Lázaro
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

In the last years, self-organization of cellular networks is becoming a crucial aspect of network management due to the increasing complexity of the networks. Automatic fault identification, i.e. diagnosis, is the most difficult task in self-healing. In this paper, a model based on discrete bayesian networks (BNs) is proposed for diagnosis of radio access networks of cellular systems. Normally, inaccuracies are unavoidable in the parameters of the model (interval limits for discretized symptoms and probabilities in the BN). In order to enhance the performance of BNs, a methodology to model the ''continuity'' in the human reasoning is presented, named smooth bayesian networks (SBNs). SBNs are intended to decrease the sensitivity of diagnosis accuracy to imprecision in the definition of the model parameters. An empirical research campaign has been carried out in a live GSM/GPRS network in order to assess the performance of the proposed techniques. Results have shown that SBNs outperform traditional BNs when there is inaccuracy in the model parameters.
Analysing the vegetation cover variation of China from AVHRR-NDVI data
Authors: Xiaoguang Jiang, Dan Wang, Lingli Tang, Jian Hu, Xiaohuan Xi
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

In this paper, the characteristics of vegetation cover and variation in China have been studied by using the AVHRR NDVI time-series data from 1981 to 2001. The Harmonic Analysis of Time Series (HANTS) method was successfully applied to eliminate the clouds on remote sensing data and reconstruct cloud-free time series images. Then, the Fourier components of NDVI time series data were calculated. Finally, the physical meaning of Fourier components was analysed, and the relationship between Fourier components and land vegetation cover variation was investigated. The mean NDVI, or zeroth-order harmonic, indicates overall vegetation cover level. The first harmonics of the HANTS summarizes the amplitude and phase of annual values of NDVI data, and the second harmonics of the HANTS summarizes those of biannual values of NDVI data. The amplitude of the first harmonic indicates the variability of vegetation productivity over the year. The phase of the first harmonic summarizes the timing of vegetation green-up, while the second harmonic indicates the strength and timing of biannual vegetation cover variation. The Fourier components calculated by HANTS algorithm reveal the vegetation distribution and growing cycle characteristics. The physical meaning of Fourier components are significant to the land-surface vegetation variation study of China. The methodology proposed in this paper is an effective method for the processing, analysis and application of long-time-series remote sensing data.
3D reconstruction of complex geological bodies: Examples from the Alps
Authors: Andrea Zanchi, Salvi Francesca, Zanchetta Stefano, Sterlacchini Simone, Guerra Graziano
Venue: Computers Geosciences (2009)

Cartographic geological and structural data collected in the field and managed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology can be used for 3D reconstruction of complex geological bodies. Using a link between GIS tools and gOcad, stratigraphic and tectonic surfaces can be reconstructed taking into account any geometrical constraint derived from field observations. Complex surfaces can be reconstructed using large data sets analysed by suitable geometrical techniques. Three main typologies of geometric features and related attributes are exported from a GIS-geodatabase: (1) topographic data as points from a digital elevation model; (2) stratigraphic and tectonic boundaries, and linear features as 2D polylines; (3) structural data as points. After having imported the available information into gOcad, the following steps should be performed: (1) construction of the topographic surface by interpolation of points; (2) 3D mapping of the linear geological boundaries and linear features by vertical projection on the reconstructed topographic surface; (3) definition of geometrical constraints from planar and linear outcrop data; (4) construction of a network of cross-sections based on field observations and geometrical constraints; (5) creation of 3D surfaces, closed volumes and grids from the constructed objects. Three examples of the reconstruction of complex geological bodies from the Italian Alps are presented here. The methodology demonstrates that although only outcrop data were available, 3D modelling has allows the checking of the geometrical consistency of the interpretative 2D sections and of the field geology, through a 3D visualisation of geometrical models. Application of a 3D geometrical model to the case studies can be very useful in geomechanical modelling for slope-stability or resource evaluation.
Using low-spectral-resolution images to acquire simulated hyperspectral images
Authors: Fang Chen, Zheng Niu, GenYun Sun, ChangYao Wang, Jack Teng
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

We propose a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images using low-spectral-resolution images. Hyperspectral images provide more spectral information than low-spectral-resolution images, because of the additional spectral bands used for data acquisition in hyperspectral imaging. Unfortunately, original hyperspectral images are more expensive and more difficult to acquire. However, some research questions require an abundance of spectral information for ground monitoring, which original hyperspectral images can easily provide. Hence, we need to propose a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images, when original hyperspectral images are especially necessary. Since low-spectral-resolution images are readily available and cheaper, we develop a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images using low-spectral-resolution images. With simulated hyperspectral images, we can acquire more 'hidden' information from low-spectral-resolution images. Our method uses the principles of pixel-mixing to understand the compositional relationship of spectrum data to an image pixel, and to simulate radiation transmission processes. To this end, we use previously obtained data (i.e. spectrum library) and the sorting data of objects that are derived from a low-spectral-resolution image. Using the simulation of radiation transmission processes and these different data, we acquire simulated hyperspectral images. In addition, previous analyses of simulated remotely sensed images do not use quantitative statistical measures, but use qualitative methods, describing simulated images by sight. Here, we quantitatively assess our simulation by comparing the correlation coefficients of simulated images and real images. Finally, we use simulated hyperspectral images, real Hyperion images, and their corresponding ALI images to generate several classification images. The classification results demonstrate that simulated hyperspectral data contain additional information not available in the multispectral data. We find that our method can acquire simulated hyperspectral images quickly.
Dasty2, an Ajax protein DAS client
Authors: Rafael C. Jimenez, Antony F. Quinn, Alexander Garcia, Alberto Labarga, Kieran O'Neill, Fernando Martinez, Gustavo A. Salazar, Henning Hermjakob
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Summary: Dasty2 is a highly interactive web client integrating protein sequence annotations from currently more than 40 sources, using the distributed annotation system (DAS). Availability: Dasty2 is an open source tool freely available under the terms of the Apache License 2.0, publicly available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/dasty/ Contact: hhe@ebi.ac.uk
A strategy to integrate a priori knowledge for an improved inversion of the LAI from BRDF modelling
Authors: Guangjian Yan, Xihan Mu, Yinchi Ma, Zhao-Liang Li
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

We propose a strategy to construct a priori knowledge in Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model-based Leaf Area Index (LAI) inversion. In this strategy, the physical limitations, a best guess and its uncertainty for each parameter needed to be inverted were obtained from a spectral database. Vegetation index (VI) and growth date were used to provide more information about LAI. The relationship between LAI and VI was obtained by forward simulation using the BRDF model. The empirical model of the changing LAI and the growth date was obtained by statistical analysis of more than 600 field samples from a wheat paddock. A SAIL-reflectance model including the hotspot-effect (SAILH model) was used to generate bidirectional reflectance distribution. Gaussian distributed random noises were added on the reflectance as 'observation'. SAILH model was inverted to validate the effectiveness of this strategy. It was further validated using both of the ground measurements and airborne remote-sensing data. It is found that a priori knowledge is important for successful inversion, and our strategy is expected to yield more reasonable spatial and temporal LAI distribution.
Impact of voltage source and initial conditions on the initiation of ferroresonance
Authors: Kruno Miličevic, Ivan Rutnik, Igor Lukačevic
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems (2008)

The impact of voltage source and initial conditions on the initiation of ferroresonance is investigated. The investigation is carried out by simulating the behaviour of the mathematical model of ferroresonant circuit realized in the laboratory. The initiation of ferroresonance is investigated by varying the values of phase shift and amplitude of voltage source in order to incite the ferroresonance. Thereby, the initial conditions are varied within a practically possible range of initial values of transformer voltage and transformer flux linkage.
Multi-resolution dune morphology using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and dune mobility from fuzzy inference systems using SRTM and altimetric data
Authors: L. V. Potts, O. Akyilmaz, A. Braun, C. K. Shum
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

The complex morphology of large sand dunes of the world's great deserts have significant importance on conservation and climate change and hence are of interest to a wide variety of scientific and environmental applications including studies on aeolian processes, paleoclimate, civilian infrastructure management, and design of blown-sand control systems. Scientific studies on dune formation and dynamics have been limited to desert margins due to inaccessibility of the desert interior by conventional surveying and mapping techniques. Thus, dune morphology in the deep desert interiors is not well studied and much about the driving forces controlling dune activity and dynamics are still poorly understood. We demonstrate the utility of space-based observations to characterize dune morphology. Specifically, we used the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) C-band data to investigate and compare morphologic attributes of dune fields of the Taklimakan and the Namib Deserts. Cross-sectional amplitude roughness estimates have similar magnitude but stoss slopes are shallower in the Taklimakan Desert than in the Namib Desert. The high Height-Width (H:W) ratio of 0.09 for the linear dunes in the Taklimakan Desert is indicative of its equilibrium with aeolian shear stress whereas the Namib Desert dunes are unstable. Multi-resolution planimetric properties from SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using B-spline wavelet decomposition reveal linear dunes in the Taklimakan Desert are superimposed on a dome-like substrate whereas the linear dune in the Namib Desert are constructed on a knoll-like submorphology. These long-wavelength features, taken as paleotopography, may be a major controlling factor on wind patterns and dune sinuosity. We demonstrate the utility of ANFIS to assess seasonal dune changes in the Namib Desert using ICESat observations and SRTM. ANFIS is a data-driven prediction scheme. Predicted topography along ICESat tracks have low rms of 3.5m, a 30% increase over SRTM accuracy. Seasonal track comparison from August 2003 to January 2005 shows that most changes to dune topography occur at crestal deformation of isolated dunes. The results show seasonal waning and waxing of dune crests.
Spidermonkey
Authors: Art F. Y. Poon, Fraser I. Lewis, Simon D. W. Frost, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Spidermonkey is a new component of the Datamonkey suite of phylogenetic tools that provides methods for detecting coevolving sites from a multiple alignment of homologous nucleotide or amino acid sequences. It reconstructs the substitution history of the alignment by maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic methods, and then analyzes the joint distribution of substitution events using Bayesian graphical models to identify significant associations among sites. Availability: Spidermonkey is publicly available both as a web application at http://www.data-monkey.org and as a stand-alone component of the phylogenetic software package HyPhy, which is freely distributed on the web (http://www.hyphy.org) as precompiled binaries and open source. Contact: afpoon@ucsd.edu
Improving fairness in relay-based access networks
Authors: Lin Xiao, Laurie Cuthbert
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (2008)

In this paper the fairness of the subchannel allocation problem for relay based OFDMA systems is studied. The proportional fairness algorithm is extended to a two-hop scenario to ensure that both direct-link users and relay-link users are fairly allocated capacity; this approach is called the "two-hop proportional fairness scheduling algorithm". The fairness allocation problem is considered both in the first time subslot between direct-link users and relay stations, and the second time subslot among relay-link users. Simulation results show that this algorithm achieves an overwhelming performance on the long-term fairness of the user data rate, although suffering some throughput reduction.
ExactFDR
Authors: Jérôme Wojcik, Karl Forner
Venue: Bioinformatics (2008)

Summary: Genome-wide association studies require accurate and fast statistical methods to identify relevant signals from the background noise generated by a huge number of simultaneously tested hypotheses. It is now commonly accepted that exact computations of association probability value (P-value) are preferred to χ2 and permutation-based approximations. Following the same principle, the ExactFDR software package improves speed and accuracy of the permutation-based false discovery rate (FDR) estimation method by replacing the permutation-based estimation of the null distribution by the generalization of the algorithm used for computing individual exact P-values. It provides a quick and accurate non-conservative estimator of the proportion of false positives in a given selection of markers, and is therefore an efficient and pragmatic tool for the analysis of genome-wide association studies. Availability: A Java 1.6 (1.5-compatible) version is available on SourceForge: http://sourceforge.net/projects/exactfdr. Contact: Jerome.wojcik@merckserono.net Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comments on an ancient Greek racecourse: finding minimum width annuluses
Authors: Saul I. Gass
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2008)

For a set of measured points, we describe a linear-programming model that enables us to find concentric circumscribed and inscribed circles whose annulus encompasses all the points and whose width tends to be minimum in a Chebychev minmax sense. We illustrate the process using the data of Rorres and Romano (SIAM Rev. 39: 745---754, 1997) that is taken from an ancient Greek stadium in Corinth. The stadium's racecourse had an unusual circular arc starting line, and measurements along this arc form the basic data sets of Rorres and Romano (SIAM Rev. 39: 745---754, 1997). Here we are interested in finding the center and radius of the circle that defined the starting line arc. We contrast our results with those found in Rorres and Romano (SIAM Rev. 39: 745---754, 1997).
An optimally convergent adaptive mixed finite element method
Authors: Roland Becker, Shipeng Mao
Venue: Numerische Mathematik (2008)

We prove convergence and optimal complexity of an adaptive mixed finite element algorithm, based on the lowest-order Raviart&#x2013;Thomas finite element space. In each step of the algorithm, the local refinement is either performed using simple edge residuals or a data oscillation term, depending on an adaptive marking strategy. The inexact solution of the discrete system is controlled by an adaptive stopping criterion related to the estimator.
Computational methods used in the study of grafting 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid on titania
Authors: Simona Funar-Timofei, Gheorghe Ilia
Venue: WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS (2008)

The surface of TiO2 particles can be modified by phosphonic acids, this modification having several applications, like: photoelectrochemical cells based on nanocrystalline films of TiO2, optical write-read-erase devices, enzymatic catalyses and plant growth regulator. Anchoring of organophosphorus derivatives on a titania surface is expected to involve both coordination of the phosphoryl oxygen to Lewis acid sites and condensation reactions between the surface hydroxyl groups Ti-OH and the P-OX and to lead to a strongly bind to the surface of transition metal oxides. This paper presents a theoretical study on grafting reactions of 2- chloroethyl phosphonic acid of titanium oxide surface. Starting from experimental X-ray data of the rutile crystal, several possible complexes with 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid were built. The semiempirical PM6 quantum chemical approach was used in order to find out the way of anchoring the phosphonic moieties. The results thus obtained gave indications on the stability of the complex formation.