ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Key issues for AR-based digital reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan garden
Authors: Yue Liu, Yongtian Wang, Yu Li, Jinchao Lei, Liang Lin
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2006)

Yuanmingyuan was called "Garden of All Gardens" before it was looted and burnt down by the Anglo-French allied forces in 1860. Nowadays there are only stone ruins that used to be parts of ancient buildings. The Digital Yuanmingyuan project is designed to provide visitors with the visualization of virtual reconstructions superimposed upon the natural field of the ruins using a personal AR (Augmented Reality) system. It can not only preserve the current appearance of the ruins, but also exhibit the original exquisite architecture of Yuanmingyuan. The technical difficulties of the system are analyzed, and the design of the system hardware and the tracking algorithm are discussed. A prototype of the proposed system is developed and the initial result of restoring one typical scene in Yuanmingyuan is presented.
Telemetry-mining: A Machine Learning Approach to Anomaly Detection and Fault Diagnosis for Space Systems
Authors: Takehisa Yairi, Yoshinobu Kawahara, Ryohei Fujimaki, Yuichi Sato, Kazuo Machida
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (2006)

For any space mission, safety and reliability are the most important issues. To tackle this problem, we have studied anomaly detection and fault diagnosis methods for spacecraft systems based on machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) technology. In these methods, the knowledge or model which is necessary for monitoring a spacecraft system is (semi-)automatically acquired from the spacecraft telemetry data. In this paper, we first overview the anomaly detection / diagnosis problem in the spacecraft systems and conventional techniques such as limit-check, expert systems and model-based diagnosis. Then we explain the concept of ML/DM-based approach to this problem, and introduce several anomaly detection / diagnosis methods which have been developed by us.
Combining analytical and empirical approaches in tuning matrix transposition
Authors: Qingda Lu, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, P. Sadayappan
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques (2006)

Matrix transposition is an important kernel used in many applications. Even though its optimization has been the subject of many studies, an optimization procedure that targets the characteristics of current processor architectures has not been developed. In this paper, we develop an integrated optimization framework that addresses a number of issues, including tiling for the memory hierarchy, effective handling of memory misalignment, utilizing memory subsystem characteristics, and the exploitation of the parallelism provided by the vector instruction sets in current processors. A judicious combination of analytical and empirical approaches is used to determine the most appropriate optimizations. The absence of problem information until execution time is handled by generating multiple versions of the code - the best version is chosen at runtime, with assistance from minimal-overhead inspectors. The approach highlights aspects of empirical optimization that are important for similar computations with little temporal reuse. Experimental results on PowerPC G5 and Intel Pentium 4 demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed framework.
Three-Way Cultural Change Introducing Agile within Two Non-Agile Companies and a Non-Agile Methodology
Authors: Richard Lawrence, Blas Yslas
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

The introduction of an agile methodology into a non-agile company raises both pragmatic and cultural considerations. This is an account of our experience introducing agile to our consulting firm and one of our customers (themselves a consulting firm). We cover both what practically did and did not work on our project, as well as some of the cultural issues involved in using a new methodology.
The Two Facets of the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma
Authors: Kaifu Zhang, Wei Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

This paper proposes an algorithm to better solve the exploration-exploitation dilemma faced by model-less reinforcement learning agents. The main contribution is twofold: (1) The two facets of the exploration-exploitation dilemma are distinguished: in some cases, the agent faces a non-stationary environment, therefore it needs to choose the best moment to explore in order to adapt to the changes; in some other cases, the agent faces a relatively large state-action space, and it therefore needs to choose the most promising subset of states/actions to explore. In this two-facet framework, we compared the relative advantage and limitations of two previously proposed algorithms in difference situations. (2) We unified these two algorithms to produce the new algorithm which works fairly well in all testing situations.
Elicitation by critiquing as a cognitive task analysis methodology
Authors: J. E. Miller, E. S. Patterson, D. D. Woods
Venue: Cognition, Technology and Work (2006)

This paper describes elicitation by critiquing (EBC) as a cognitive task analysis (CTA) methodology. EBC takes advantage of the ability to analyze another&#x2019;s task performance, a necessary skill for all domains. This technique can be used to help address some barriers to CTA methods such as domain access restrictions, frequency and predictability of observable and self-reported events, and difficulties in recruiting domain experts to participate. The technique enables controlled presentation of problem stimuli in order to obtain repeated measuring of the same task from multiple participants. To investigate this method, our team performed a CTA of inferential analysis using the EBC technique. Specifically, we observed six expert intelligence analysts critiquing a trainee analyzing the Ariane 501 launch failure. A second trainee was critiqued for reference. The method can be combined with other CTA methods to build knowledge about a domain, can be considered as an addition to participatory design methods, and can be varied depending on the domain being investigated.
A software system for growth analysis of mealy automata
Authors: I. I. Reznikov, V. I. Sushchanskii
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2006)

A software system for the growth analysis of Mealy automata during iterations is discussed. The mathematical basis of the system is described. The main difficulties arising during the analysis are studied. The structure and software implementation of the system are described.
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Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2004)

The following topics are dealt with: performance analysis of systems and software; benchmarking and workload characterization; simulation; architecture and performance evaluation; memory and caches; Java; and power estimation and reduction. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Modeling and simulation of complex systems with Cell-DEVS
Authors: Gabriel A. Wainer
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

Cell-DEVS enables efficient execution of complex cellular models. The goal of Cell-DEVS is to build discrete-event cell spaces, improving their definition by making the timing specification more expressive. Different models built using Cell-DEVS were implemented in a modeling and simulation tool (CD++, crated following the formal specifications of the DEVS formalism). The applications range from biological systems to complex artificial systems. In this tutorial, we will introduce the main characteristics of Cell-DEVS, showing how to model complex cell spaces in an asynchronous environment. We will focus on the application of these techniques to improve model definition, which enables reducing development times of these models. We use a wide variety of previously defined examples in different domains of applications to illustrate the use of the techniques.
The LuMPB Key: A Multiple View Interface to Explore High Dimensional Mountain Pine Beetle Simulation Data
Authors: Lothar Schlesier, Josie Hughes, Andrew Fall, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Coordinated & Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization (2006)

In this paper we present the Landscape Unit Mountain Pine Beetle Key (LuMPB Key) - a tool for assessing different mountain pine beetle (MPB) management scenarios on a landscape scale under various conditions. Based on a conceptual model of the simulation data we develop a multiple view interface which provides access to and exploration of the data. Different management scenarios can be compared and a given management scenario can be considered under varying simulation conditions, such as forest type, climate, and degree of initial beetle infestation. On the one hand we use a multiple view interface to provide understandable chunks of information. On the other hand we use it to communicate that different views of the data exist. Views are optionally linked together to support this awareness of possible different ways of looking at this data.
Detection and localization of sybil nodes in VANETs
Authors: Bin Xiao, Bo Yu, Chuanshan Gao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 workshop on Dependability issues in wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks (2006)

Sybil attacks have been regarded as a serious security threat to ad hoc networks and sensor networks. They may also impair the potential applications of VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) by creating an illusion of traffic congestion. In this paper, we present a lightweight security scheme for detecting and localizing Sybil nodes in VANETs, based on statistic analysis of signal strength distribution. Our scheme is a distributed and localized approach, in which each vehicle on a road can perform the detection of potential Sybil vehicles nearby by verifying their claimed positions. We first introduce a basic signal-strength-based position verification scheme. However, the basic scheme proves to be inaccurate and vulnerable to spoof attacks. In order to compensate for the weaknesses of the basic scheme, we propose a technique to prevent Sybil nodes from covering up for each other. In this technique, traffic patterns and support from roadside base stations are used to our advantage. We, then, propose two statistic algorithms to enhance the accuracy of position verification. The algorithms can detect potential Sybil attacks by observing the signal strength distribution of a suspect node over a period of time. The statistic nature of our algorithms significantly reduces the verification error rate. Finally, we conduct simulations to explore the feasibility of our scheme.
Measurement integration under inconsistency for robust tracking
Authors: Gang Hua, Ying Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1 (2006)

The solutions to many vision problems involve integrating measurements from multiple sources. Most existing methods rely on a hidden assumption, i.e., these measurements are consistent. In reality, unfortunately, this may not hold. The fact that naively fusing inconsistent measurements amounts to failing these methods indicates that this is not a trivial problem. This paper presents a novel approach to handling it. A new theorem is proven that gives two algebraic criteria to examine the consistency and inconsistency. In addition, a more general criterion is presented. Based on the theoretical analysis, a new information integration method is proposed and leads to encouraging results when applied to the task of visual tracking.
Robust real-time face detection based on cost-sensitive AdaBoost method
Authors: Yong Ma, Xiaoqing Ding
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This paper presents a method of detecting faces based on cost-sensitive AdaBoost (CS-AdaBoost) algorithm. The two main differences between CS-AdaBoost algorithm and the naive AdaBoost are that (1) unequal initial weights are given to each training sample according to its misclassification cost, and (2) the weights are updated separately for positives and negatives at each boosting step. Due to these two variations, every stage of the face detector trained by CS-AdaBoost algorithm can more effectively focus on face samples than by the naive AdaBoost to achieve robust and high detection rate with modest false alarm rate, so that the final face detector can yield high detection rates, very low false positive rates, and robust performance. Experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Multi-agent approach to dynamic pick-up and delivery problem with uncertain knowledge about future transport demands
Authors: Jaroslaw Koźlak, Jean-Charles Créput, Vincent Hilaire, Abder Koukam
Venue: Fundamenta Informaticae (2006)

This work focuses on the dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (PDPTW). The transport requests should be performed using the available fleet of vehicles. The vehicles move between the nodes of a road network. The aim of this work is to propose a model which allows, during a transport plan creation, to take into account predictable events. Particularly, we consider the frequency of requests at any node in the road network and the construction of vehicle routes that will allow new requests to be inserted without any significant route modification. Therefore, we construct routes that pass near the nodes where transport requests are most frequently generated.
Identifying a Central Nervous System Perturbation that Explains Peripheral Hypocortisolism by Modeling the HPA Axis
Authors: Shakti Gupta, Eric Aslakson, Suzanne D. Vernon
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

The hypothalamus- pituitary- adrenal is the body's main stress management system, which responds to any threat to homeostasis or internal environmental balance of the body by controlling the body's cortisol level. Dysregulation of the HPA axis is involved in numerous stress-related diseases including posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome. We present a new structured model that includes the glucocorticoid receptor that produces bistability in the HPA axis steady state. Small stresses do not perturb the system, but large stresses force the system to an alternate steady state. This bistable state can describe hypocortisolism, which is observed in these stress-related illnesses.
A van Hiele Web-based Learning System with Knowledge Management for Teaching Programming
Authors: J. Wey Chen, Chih-Cheng Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Computer programming is one of the most wrongly-taught classes in high school and university settings. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the current development of a van Hiele Web-based Learning System with knowledge management for programming. The system uses the World Wide Web for its implementation, and includes email, discussion board, internet assignment unit, tutorial unit, quick-run unit, expert template, and knowledge management unit to promote collaborative programming learning. The KM unit uses an innovative XML knowledge-based schema for document conversion and storage. This has demonstrated to have better searching/accessing performance than the documents stored in non-XML formats. This unit is indeed a powerful and useful tool for all personnel to access, create, and store information in order to enhance knowledge sharing, collaboration, and expedite decision-making strategically.
Representing Context for Multiagent Trust Modeling
Authors: Martin Rehak, Milos Gregor, Michal Pechoucek, Jeffrey M. Bradshaw
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

We present a universal mechanism that can be combined with existing trust models to extend their capabilities towards efficient modelling of the situational (context-dependent) trust. The mechanism describes the similarity between the situations using their distance in a metric space and defines a set of reference contexts in this space to which it associates the trustfulness data. The data associated with each reference context is updated and queried with the weight that decreases with distance between the current situation and the reference context. In the presented mechanism, we use Leader-Follower clustering to place the reference contexts to be representative of the data. In an empirical test, we show that context-aware models easily outperform the general trust when the situation has an impact on partner trustfulness and that their performance and efficiency is comparable with general trust models when the trustfulness is independent of the situation. Multi-context nature of the model also expands its use towards more advanced uses, allowing policy/norm learning from at the trust model at runtime, as well as reasoning based on uncertain identities.
A new efficient EDA tool design methodology
Authors: James Lapalme, El Mostapha Aboulhamid, Gabriela Nicolescu
Venue: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) (2006)

New sophisticated EDA tools and methodologies will be needed to make products viable in the future marketplace by simplifying the various design stages. These tools will permit system design at a high abstraction level and enable automatic refinement through several abstraction levels to obtain a final prototype. They will have to be based on representations that are clean, complete, and easy to manipulate. In order to develop these new EDA tools, key features such as standardization, metadata programming, reflectivity, and introspection are needed. This work proposes a .Net Framework-based methodology, which possesses all these required key features. This methodology simplifies specification, synthesis, and validation of systems and enables the efficient creation/customization of EDA tools at low cost and development time. We show the effectiveness of this methodology by presenting its application for the design of a new EDA tool called ESys .Net (Embedded System design with .Net). We emphasize the specification and simulation aspects of this tool.
Adaptive Environment Map for Relighting: Using Cameras and Projected Light
Authors: Hyunjung Shim, Tsuhan Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

Scene relighting has found applications in many areas, from movie special effects to building immersive environments. In this paper, we present a framework to render a scene under any prescribed lighting environments. First, we propose a 3D scanner that captures the scene geometry and reflectance simultaneously, by effectively using an uncalibrated camera, and light and shadows projected from a controlled lighting plane onto the scene. Then, a large camera array, composed of 48 cameras forming a planar array, is built to capture a lighting environment as a 4D incident light field. With the scene properties captured by the 3D scanner, and the lighting environment captured by the camera array, we can then relight the scene using a technique we develop, called the adaptive environment map (AEM). AEM, which fully describes the lighting environment including both spatial and directional variations, can render more realistic relighting results than existing techniques in literature, as shown in extensive experiments.
Empirical Mode Decomposition Liveness Check in Fingerprint Time Series Captures
Authors: Aditya Abhyankar, Stephanie Schuckers
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

This work demonstrates a faster approach for liveness detection in fingerprint devices. The physiological phenomenon of perspiration, observed in time-series fingerprint images of live people, is used as a measure to classify 'live' fingers from 'not live' fingers. Pre-processing involves finding the singularity points using wavelets in the fingerprint images and transforming the information back in the spatial domain to form a spatial domain signal. Wavelet packet sieving is used to tune the modes so as to gain physical significance with reference to the evolving perspiration pattern in 'live' fingers. The percentage of energy contribution in the difference modes is used as a measure to differentiate live fingers from others. The proposed algorithm was applied to a data set of approximately 58 live, 50 spoof and 28 cadaver fingerprint images captured at 0 and after 2 sec, from three different types of scanners. An overall classification rate of 93.7% was achieved across all the three scanners.
New sets of constraints for maximally flat optimum broadband antenna arrays
Authors: I. Thng, A. Cantoni, Y. H. Leung
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

A method frequently employed to optimise the performance of a broadband antenna array processor is to find the set of processor weights which minimises its mean output power subject to linear constraints on the processor weights. These linear constraints determine the frequency response of the array processor in the look direction. To obtain robustness against mismatch between the array look direction and the actual signal direction, derivative constraints can be further imposed. However, derivative constraints corresponding to necessary and sufficient (NS) conditions for a maximally flat spatial power response in the look direction are in general quadratic. This limits their value for real-time processing. This paper presents several simpler derivative constraints. These constraints correspond only to sufficient conditions for maximal flatness but perform almost as well as the NS constraints and are better suited to real-time implementation.
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: David Alan Grier
Venue: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (2006)

In this issue, our authors touch on the subject of technology transfer in several different forums, including transfer across the Iron Curtain and transfer within the Silicon Valley.
Book Reviews: Component-Oriented Programming: A .NET Perspective
Authors: Tim Bond
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2006)

A review of Programming .NET Components by Juval Lowy.
ETSI AMR-2 VAD: evaluation and ultra low-resource implementation
Authors: E. Cornu, H. Sheikhzadeh, R. L. Brennan, H. R. Abutalebi, E. C. Y. Tam, P. Iles, K. W. Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

The ETSI AMR-2 VAD is rigorously evaluated in clean and noisy conditions. The VAD is then simplified and optimized for porting to an ultra low-resource DSP system using a fast oversampled DFT filterbank. The parameters of the low-resource VAD are optimized using two speakers and 6 types of noise at SNRs from -10 to 20 dB. The VAD is then tested by employing sentences from two other speakers and 12 different types of noise. Results show that the low-resource VAD offers a performance comparable to that of the ETSI VAD in both clean and noisy conditions. When deployed on a custom DSP running at a clock speed of 1.28 MHz and consuming less than 1 milliWatt of power, the low-resource VAD uses less than 30% of the available system resources.