ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Computing Decision Feedback Equalizer Coefficients from the Channel State Information
Authors: Thomas Sailer, Gerhard Tröster
Venue: Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems (2003)

A novel algorithm and architecture for computing the optimal decision feedback equalizer (DFE) coefficients from a channel state information (CSI) estimate is present. The proposed algorithm maps well onto a linear chain of n highly pipelineable CORDIC based processing elements. It is thus well suited for VLSI implementation. Due to the very regular data flow, the number of processing elements may be reduced without sacrificing computational latency by recycling the data through a chain of less than n processing elements.The proposed architecture computes the optimal DFE coefficients of a twelve tap symbol spaced DFE suitable for HIPERLAN I in 2.7 &mu;s and requires only 0.7 mm2 area on a 0.35 &mu;m CMOS process, assuming a clock frequency of 100 MHz.
From diagnosis to diagnosability: axiomatization, measurement and application
Authors: Yves Le Traon, Farid Ouabdesselam, Chantal Robach, Benoit Baudry
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2003)

Classical views on testing and their associated testing models are not dealing with the question of fault repairing but only focus on fault detection. Diagnosis consists of determining the nature of a detected fault, of locating it and hopefully repairing it. Correlatively, the only standardized quality factors implied in the detection/repair aspects of software engineering are testability and maintainability: those quality factors are misleading since they do not pinpoint this question of the location/repairing effort, that can be identified under the concept of diagnosability. This paper is thus concerned with diagnosability, its definition and the axiomatization of its expected behavior. The paper aims at: • introducing and analysing diagnosability as a significant and complementary dimension of software testability, • producing a high-level definition and axiomatization of a diagnosability measurement generic enough to be adapted to various software paradigms: this property-based approach serves as a measurement "specification", independent on the application context and thus reusable, • detailing a diagnosability measure dedicated to data-flow software and especially test strategies impact on diagnosis and testing effort (from measure implementation to case study), • illustrating the reuse of the high-level axiomatization to the specific question of measuring the impact of assertions (or contracts for a designed by contract OO system) on diagnosis effort and preciseness.Throughout the paper, the concepts are illustrated on a case study provided by an industrial partner. At last, the reusability of the axiomatization is illustrated by proposing a measure of the impact of assertions (or contracts in a design by contract approach) on global software diagnosability. Main lessons concern both the diagnosability significance as a quality factor and the interest of an axiomatization-based methodology for building trustable software measurement.
Difference ladder operators for a harmonic Schr&#x00F6;dinger oscillator using unitary linear lattices
Authors: Andreas Ruffing, Julian Lorenz, Konstantin Ziegler
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

The formalism of raising and lowering operators is developed for the difference operator analogue of a quantum harmonic oscillator which acts on functions on a discrete support. The grid under consideration is a mixed version of an equidistant lattice and a q-linear grid. Several properties of the grid are described. The grids under consideration are referred to by the name unitary linear lattices. The ladder difference operators are derived and compared with the continuum situation. The arising spectral problems for these operators are dealt by using the theory of bilateral Jacobi operators in weighted l2(Z) spaces. Eventual applications to mathematical physics and numerical Schrödinger theory are briefly discussed.
Keeping Wen Pahes Up-to-Date with SQL: 1999
Authors: Henrik Loeser
Venue: Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Database Engineering & Applications (2000)

From the beginnings of the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) and the definition of the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Web site administrators have used dynamically generated HTML pages to provide up-to-date information. Due to the high resource consumption of dynamic page generation approaches, many sites have switched over to periodical updates of frequently visited pages, e.g., a headline index of an electronic newspaper. However, this approach has led to reduced topicality of information provoking less user acceptance. We present iWebDB/DG, the document generator of our integrated Web Content Management System. It guarantees up-to-date Web documents without on-the-fly generation. The approach is based on the extensibility infrastructure of object-relational database systems. By utilizing DB triggers and so-called user-defined functions, documents can automatically be generated by the DBMS whenever data is updated.
Have U.S. Manufacturing Inventories Really Decreased? An Empirical Study
Authors: S. Rajagopalan, Arvind Malhotra
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2000)

Numerous normative models have been developed to determine optimal inventory levels, and several articles and case studies have been written about the concerted efforts and practices adopted by manufacturing firms in the United States to reduce inventories. But little is known about whether inventories have indeed decreased in U.S. manufacturing and whether such a decrease has been restricted to a few well-publicized firms or is true at an industry level. Using data published by the U.S. Census Bureau, the authors study trends in materials, work-in-process, and finished-goods inventory ratios during the period 1961 to 1994 in 20 manufacturing industry sectors and the total U.S. manufacturing sector to determine whether a significant decrease was seen in these ratios. Further, since a great deal of momentum for inventory reduction began in the early 1980s, the authors investigate whether greater improvement was seen in the post-1980 period as compared with the pre-1980 period. We find that material and work-in-process inventories did decrease in a majority of the two-digit industry sectors from 1961 to 1994 and showed greater improvement in about half the sectors in the post-1980 period relative to the pre-1980 period. Finished-goods inventories did decrease in some industry sectors and increase in a few others but did not show a significant trend in more than half the sectors. Total manufacturing inventory ratios decreased from 1961 to 1994 at all three stages--material, work-in-process, and finished goods. However, total manufacturing inventory ratios did not improve at a higher rate during the post-1980 period as compared with the pre-1980 period in any of the three stages. Overall, the analysis provides an encouraging but somewhat mixed picture about the results of U.S. manufacturing inventory-reduction efforts.
Teaching computing courses - computer literacy, business microcomputer applications, and introduction to programming online utilizing webCT
Authors: Tim Reeves, Paula Baxter, Cheryl Jordan
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

Three faculty present their experiences with online instruction utilizing the WebCT distance learning facilitator program. The courses discussed are Computer Literacy (for non-majors), Business Microcomputer Applications (Windows Operating System, Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint for non-majors), and Introduction to Programming (for majors and non-majors). Each faculty member discusses the design, implementation, problems and possible solutions, and comparisons with traditional on-campus courses. The Computer Literacy course is intended for non-computing majors and is a breadth first approach to computer terminology, theory, concepts, hands-on use of popular applications, and exposure to networks, the Internet, and programming. The Business Microcomputer Applications course is a hands-on course providing real world training and experience in the Windows Operating System, database, spreadsheet, and word processing applications. The Introduction to Programming course is the first semester of C++ programming for both major and non-majors covering both structured and object-oriented programming concepts. Each course is discussed in terms of the following topics: student required materials; textbooks; preparation of the WebCT component; teaching the courses; testing; pros, cons and solutions; comparison with traditional course sections; and conclusions.
Travel time model for the warehousing system with a tower crane S/R machine
Authors: S. G. Koh, B. S. Kim, B. N. Kim
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2002)

This paper studies the characteristics of a warehousing system in which the storage and retrieval orders are performed by a tower crane. The crane is located at the center of the round storage area and it can rotate in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. We develop some mathematical travel time models for this warehousing system using the characteristic of the S/R crane that the S/R device can move in radial and circumferential directions simultaneously. First, we derive travel time models for single command and dual command cycles under the randomized storage assignment rule. Then, assuming that the turnover rates for items are different from each other, we calculate expected travel time under the turnover-based assignment rule through a numerical approach. For each model some illustrative examples are presented.
WWW-enabled knowledge management for distributed engineering projects
Authors: Ari-Pekka Hameri, Rainer Puittinen
Venue: Computers in Industry (2003)

This paper address problems related to distributed engineering projects (DEP) and how World Wide Web (WWW)-based technologies can improve projects' efficiency and success rate. The focus is on how WWW can improve project organisations to manage their knowledge, be it in the form of documents, formal communication or the tacit aspect of human interaction. In order to study the research hypotheses related to improved efficiency and leaner organisations resulting from networked operations, a layered framework is presented on organisational processes taking place in the distributed project business. This framework is applied to two industrial cases harnessing advanced networking technologies in their distributed operations. The cases have been picked to show diversity, the other one describes a global delivery process of complex investment goods and the other a smaller scale knowledge intensive company with rapid product release cycles. Basing on these cases the paper concludes that deploying advanced WWW-technologies to distributed engineering processes their punctuality, cost control and workflow can be improved. The cases indicate also, that the new tools enable the initiation of learning processes based on the quantitative information that accumulates in the network servers during the execution of the project. This information can be used to refine the organisation and focus the processes on the truly value-adding activities, which all support the research hypotheses set for the study.
Shape from Shading and Intensity Gradient
Authors: José R. A. Torreão
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (2000)

We present a novel algorithm for shape estimation, using both brightness and brightness gradient as input data. Our algorithm is an improvement of the recently introduced Green's function approach to shape-from-shading (GSFS). In GSFS, we assume that the single brightness image will be matched to a second image through a uniform disparity field, and solve for the matching image via Green's function. When a linear expansion of the reflectance map is considered, the matching image can be related to surface gradient, leading to a closed-form depth map whose free parameters are easily estimated. The author shows that the same procedure can be repeated with the gradient image as input; a second depth estimate thus results which takes into account higher-frequency components of the imaged surface. Extensive experimentation with synthetic and real images corroborates the advantage of the new method.
Self-organizing fuzzy control for motor-toggle servomechanism via sliding-mode technique
Authors: Rong-Jong Wai, Chih-Min Lin, Chun-Fei Hsu
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2002)

The dynamic response of a self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode-controlled toggle mechanism, which is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor, is studied in this paper. First, based on the principle of fuzzy control, a self-organizing fuzzy control (SOFC) system is developed to control the position of a slider of the motor-toggle servomechanism. Moreover, to reduce the control rules in the design of the SOFC system and to strengthen the robust characteristics, a self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode control (SOFSMC) is proposed to control the motor-toggle servomechanism. The proposed SOFC and SOFSMC systems contain two sets of fuzzy inference logic: one is the fuzzy controller and the other is the rule modifier. A new fuzzy learning method of the rule modifier is developed, where the modification value of each rule is based on the fuzzy firing weight. The proposed SOFC and SOFSMC systems can automatically tune the rules bases to achieve satisfactory performance, so that they can be applied for on-line learning, real-time control. In addition, simulated and experimental results due to periodic step and sinusoidal commands show the dynamic behaviors of the proposed SOFC and SOFSMC systems are robust with regard to parameter variations and external disturbances. Comparison between SOFC and SOFSMC also shows that the SOFSMC can reduce implementation complex while defining the sliding surface.
Web-based learning evaluation fuzzy expert system
Authors: Ramdane Issolah, Yan-Qing Zhang
Venue: Second international workshop on Intelligent systems design and application (2002)

Fuzzy Expert Systems (FESs) are used in different applications based on soft reasoning (not classical hard decision) methods similar to human approximate reasoning. In this paper, we present a Web-based FES that can assist in determination of whether a child has a learning problem. Javaservlets, JDBC, and Oracle are used to implement the Web-based FES successfully.
Coding schemes variation and its impact on string hashing
Authors: Suleiman H. Mustafa
Venue: Computer Standards Interfaces (2002)

This paper presents the results of investigating the impact of variations found in character coding schemes on the performance of string hashing. The investigation involved three types of Arabic strings (single words, personal names, and document titles) and four different Arabic coding schemes. The results were examined in three different respects: collision rates, arithmetic code redundancy, and the contribution of arithmetic redundancy to the collision rate. Two items are considered arithmetically redundant, if they have the same numerical coding value. Even though the mathematical properties of coding schemes showed some impact on the hashing results, coding scheme variation was basically reflected in the results of hashing on single dictionary words. Where a difference was noted in the rates of arithmetic redundancy, it was accompanied by different growth patterns of collision. The results seem to indicate that the arithmetic properties of the collating sequence of a given coding scheme are likely to have some impact on the performance of string hashing.
The impact of the internet in banking: observations and evidence from developed and emerging markets
Authors: John Simpson
Venue: Telematics and Informatics (2002)

This paper investigates the risk, efficiency and rate of progress in the implementation of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in a sample of banks from a developed country (the US), and a sample of banks from developing and emerging markets. The results confirm that the US is very advanced in its electronic-banking (e-banking) actuation. There is evidence suggesting that e-banking is driven largely by the prospects of operating costs minimisation and operating revenue maximisation. Costs are lower and revenues higher when banking services are delivered through a branch network. The results also suggest that perceptions of banking risk may be partially driven by similar factors. Using a basic risk-scoring model, bank risk scores (reflecting a bank's ability to repay depositors) are regressed against operating efficiency measures.
The Role of Trustworthiness in Reducing Transaction Costs and Improving Performance: Empirical Evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea
Authors: Jeffrey H. Dyer, Wujin Chu
Venue: Organization Science (2003)

In this paper we investigate the relationship between supplier trust in the buyer and transaction costs and information sharing in a sample of 344 supplier-automaker exchange relationships in the United States, Japan, and Korea. Our findings indicate that perceived trustworthiness reduces transaction costs and is correlated with greater information sharing in supplier-buyer relationships. Moreover, the findings suggest that the value created for transactors, in terms of lower transaction costs, may be substantial. In particular, we found that the least-trusted automaker spent significantly more of its face-to-face interaction time with suppliers on contracting and haggling when compared to the most trusted automaker. This translated into procurement (transaction) costs that were five times higher for the least trusted automaker. Finally, we argue that trust is unique as a governance mechanism because it not only minimizes transaction costs, but also has a mutually causal relationship with information sharing, which also creates value in the exchange relationship. Other governance mechanisms (e.g., contracts, financial hostages) are necessary costs incurred to prevent opportunistic behavior, but do not create value beyond transaction cost minimization. Our findings provide empirical evidence that trustworthiness lowers transaction costs and may be an important source of competitive advantage.
Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection with Random Parameters in a Complete Market
Authors: Andrew E. B. Lim, Xun Yu Zhou
Venue: Mathematics of Operations Research (2002)

This paper concerns the continuous-time, mean-variance portfolio selection problem in a complete market with random interest rate, appreciation rates, and volatility coef.cients. The problem is tackled using the results of stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) optimal control and backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), two theories that have been extensively studied and developed in recent years. Specifically, the mean-variance problem is formulated as a linearly constrained stochastic LQ control problem. Solvability of this LQ problem is reduced, in turn, to proving global solvability of a stochastic Riccati equation. The proof of existence and uniqueness of this Riccati equation, which is a fully nonlinear and singular BSDE with random coefficients, is interesting in its own right and relies heavily on the structural properties of the equation. Efficient investment strategies as well as the mean-variance efficient frontier are then analytically derived in terms of the solution of this equation. In particular, it is demonstrated that the efficient frontier in the mean-standard deviation diagram is still a straight line or, equivalently, risk-free investment is still possible, even when the interest rate is random. Finally, a version of the Mutual Fund Theorem is presented.
Concurrent/Distributed programming illustrated using the dining philosophers problem
Authors: S. Krishnaprasad
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2003)

Many paradigms and techniques of distributed computing and concurrent processing have matured and are popular. A quick and effective way to assimilate the basics of these principles is to illustrate them using a single but simple example, avoiding language-specific and tool-specific details and syntax. In this paper we consider the famous dining philosophers problem and indicate several solutions to it based on the various concurrent/distributed computing concepts.
Implicit treatment of substrate and power-ground losses in return-limited inductance extraction
Authors: Dipak Sitaram, Yu Zheng, K. L. Shepard
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

Full-wave analysis, based on rigorous solution of the differential or integral form of Maxwell's equations, is too slow for all but the smallest designs. Traditional on-chip extraction engines are, therefore, being pushed to extract inductance and provide accurate high-frequency interconnect modelling while maintaining computational efficiency and capacity. This paper describes further accuracy-improving enhancements to the commecial full-chip RLCK extraction engine, Assura RLCX[1], based on the return-limited inductance formulation. Specifically, we incorporate substrate losses due to eddy currents and power-ground losses while, based on design-driven assumptions, avoiding explicit extraction of the power-ground and substrate. Results are validated on small testcases where comparison with full-wave solution is practical.
Special functions and generating functions associated with reflection groups
Authors: Charles F. Dunkl
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

This is a survey paper concerning multi-variable special functions associated with finite reflection groups. The key tool is the algebra of differential-difference ("Dunkl") operators. The methods are illustrated for several important types of these groups. There is a brief treatment of a generating function with icosahedral symmetry.
Combinatorial Issues in Air Traffic Optimization
Authors: Remy Fondacci, Olivier Goldschmidt, Vincent Letrouit
Venue: Transportation Science (1998)

The current airway network used by aircraft is composed of a set of segments that intersect on special points defined by radio beacons emitting signals from the ground. This network leads to excess flight length, which for the European network is estimated to be 8%. In the near future, the Global Positioning System, which can determine precisely the location of aircraft, might allow the design of a network without using any ground fixed radio beacons. Therefore, we can project a new skyway network with straight airways between airports, allowing an airway to change level one or more times between its origin and destination to avoid potential conflict points. We present some segment set combinatorial issues to achieve such a network. In particular, we propose heuristics or algorithms for the problems of the maximum clique, the coloring, the N-coloring, and other more general problems of coloring of a set of segments. Finally, we discuss some results based on actual data analysis.
Deliveries in an Inventory/Routing Problem Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Authors: Oded Berman, Richard C. Larson
Venue: Transportation Science (2001)

An industrial gases tanker vehicle visitsn customers on a tour, with a possible ( n + 1)st customer added at the end. The amount of needed product at each customer is a known random process, typically a Wiener process. The objective is to adjust dynamically the amount of product provided on scene to each customer so as to minimize total expected costs, comprising costs of earliness, lateness, product shortfall, and returning to the depot nonempty. Earliness costs are computed by invocation of an annualized incremental cost argument. Amounts of product delivered to each customer are not known until the driver is on scene at the customer location, at which point the customer is either restocked to capacity or left with some residual empty capacity, the policy determined by stochastic dynamic programming. The methodology has applications beyond industrial gases.