ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Concept mapping vs. web page hyperlinks as an information retrieval interface: preferences of postgraduate culturally diverse learners
Authors: Melius Weideman, Wouter Kritzinger
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology (2003)

The principal objective of this research project was to determine if and to what extent cultural factors prescribe interface choices by learners. Concept mapping and standard hyperlinks were offered as choices for information retrieval interfaces. The methods employed were to identify a set of culturally divisive factors, and then to test two different interfaces with a group of culturally diverse, advanced learners. Some of the results had to be ignored due to small sample sizes. The remaining results indicated that most choices, almost irrespective of culture divisive factors, were made in favour of the concept mapping interface. This finding confirmed that of another author in the field. The primary conclusion reached is that concept mapping should be considered as the interface of choice to a knowledge repository to be used by Master's students in Information management.
Demand for Number Portability in the Korean Mobile Telecommunications Market: Contingent Valuation Approach
Authors: Sang-Woo Lee, Dan J. Kim, Myeong-Cheol Park
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 8 - Volume 8 (2004)

The portability of telephone numbers is one of the main regulatory issues in the Korean mobiletelecommunications market. The availability of mobile number portability is likely to bring substantial benefits to subscribers such as lower price, greater choice, higher quality and a greater range of services. In this paper, we used willingness to pay (WTP) to elicit demand on number portability in the Korean mobile telecommunication market. In doing so, the study has three goals: i) to introduce the contingent valuation method to the telecommunication field and to obtain WTP estimates for mobile number portability so that we can examine how estimated WTP varies with socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, income and education etc.; ii) to examine whether a so called "brand effect problem" exists or not in the Korean mobile telecommunication market, and if so, how it would affect competition in the Korean mobile telecommunication market; iii) to find out a way of facilitating the implementation of number portability in the Korean mobile telecommunication market.
UpLib: a universal personal digital library system
Authors: William C. Janssen, Kris Popat
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering (2003)

We describe the design and use of a personal digital library system, UpLib. The system consists of a full-text indexed repository accessed through an active agent via a Web interface. It is suitable for personal collections comprising tens of thousands of documents (including papers, books, photos, receipts, email, etc.), and provides for ease of document entry and access as well as high levels of security and privacy. Unlike many other systems of the sort, user access to the document collection is assured even if the UpLib system is unavailable. It is "universal" in the sense that documents are canonically represented as projections into the text and image domains, and uses a predominantly visual user interface based on page images. UpLib can thus handle any document format which can be rendered as pages. Provision is made for alternative representations existing alongside the text-domain and image-domain representation, either stored or generated on demand. The system is highly extensible through user scripting, and is intended to be used as a platform for further work in document engineering. UpLib is assembled largely from open-source components (the current exception being the OCR engine, which is proprietary).
Architecture for transaction management in the CORDS multidatabase service
Authors: Gopi Attaluri, Dexter P. Bradshaw
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: distributed computing - Volume 2 (1993)

The CORDS multidatabase service (MDBS) provides transparent access to multiple autonomous and possibly heterogeneous database systems distributed across a communication network. The multidatabase service manages multiple concurrent requests to read data from and write data to component databases through interleaving atomic transactions. The global transaction manager is the MDBS component that guarantees the correct execution, recovery, and global atomicity of multiple distributed global transactions.This paper describes a model for-transaction management in the CORDS distributed environment. We apply the CORDS transaction management model to the design and implementation of an architecture for the global transaction manager in the CORDS MDBS. In particular, we discuss a design for a transaction interface, a multidatabase concurrency control scheduler, and a recovery manager. We also describe some tentative extensions to increase the richness and flexibility of the model to include a broader class of applications.
Visually prototyping perceptual user interfaces through multimodal storyboarding
Authors: Anoop K. Sinha, James A. Landay
Venue: Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces (2001)

We are applying our knowledge in designing informal prototyping tools for user interface design to create an interactive visual prototyping tool for perceptual user interfaces. Our tool allows a designer to quickly map out certain types of multimodal, cross-device user interface scenarios. These sketched designs form a multimodal storyboard that can then be executed, quickly testing the interaction and collecting feedback about refinements necessary for the design. By relying on visual prototyping, our multimodal storyboarding tool simplifies and speeds perceptual user interface prototyping and opens up the challenging space of perceptual user interface design to non-programmers.
The value of managerial flexibility in strategic IT investment: identify the real options of resource allocation
Authors: Xiaotong Li, John D. Johnson
Venue: Advanced topics in information resources management (2003)

In this chapter, we discuss the real options theory and its applications in IT investment evaluation. We provide a framework within which the appropriateness of using real options theory in strategic IT investment evaluation is systematically justified. In our framework, IT investment opportunities are classified into four categories based on two criteria: the technology switching costs and the nature of competition. We point out that different real options models should be adopted for each category. The electronic brokerage's investment decision in wireless technology is discussed as a real-world case within the framework. Our study also provides some insights about the relationship between technology standardization and IT investment decisions.
Predicting Equity Liquidity
Authors: William J. Breen, Laurie Simon Hodrick, Robert A. Korajczyk
Venue: Management Science (2002)

In this paper we develop a measure of liquidity, price impact, which quantifies the change in a firm's stock price associated with its observed net trading volume. For a large set of institutional trades we compare out-of-sample, characteristic-based estimates of price impact to actual price impacts. Predictive predetermined firm characteristics, chosen to proxy for the severity of adverse selection in the equity market, the non-information-based costs of making a market in the stock, and the extent of shareholder heterogeneity, include relative size, historical relative trading volume, institutional holdings, and the inverse of the stock price. We find numerous aspects of trade execution which are significantly related to the price impact forecast error in economically plausible ways: For example, the predicted price impact overestimates the actual price impact for very large trades, for trades executed in a more patient manner, and for trades where the institution pays higher commissions.
Completeness of a Fact Extractor
Authors: Yuan Lin, Richard C. Holt, Andrew J. Malton
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (2003)

The process of software reverse engineering commonlyuses an extractor, which parses source code and extractsfacts about the code. The level of detail in these factsvaries from extractor to extractor. This paper describesfour levels of increasingly detailed completeness of thesefacts: (semantic completeness, compiler completeness,syntax completeness and source completeness) andintroduces the concept of relative completeness ofextractors. Validating that an extractor correctlyproduces facts at a given level of completeness is ingeneral very challenging. This paper gives a method forvalidating the semantic completeness of an extractor, anddescribes the application of this method to CPPX, anextractor for C or C++ based on GCC.
A Stakeholder Model of Business Intelligence
Authors: Claire A. Simmers
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 8 - Volume 8 (2004)

In the 21st century, organizations are evolving into a new-form based on knowledge and networks in response to an environment characterized by indistinct organizational boundaries, information abundance, and fast-paced change. This paper explores the role of Business Intelligence (BI) in this new-form organization. I develop a model that positions Business Intelligence as the primary source of explicit knowledge linking it with human capital (tacit knowledge source) within a stakeholder framework. This model is potentially useful for the design, diagnosis, and enhancement of BI because it looks to integrate stakeholder systems with technical and human knowledge systems for the purpose of improving organizational performance.
The case for Ada at the USAF academy
Authors: Ricky E. Sward, Martin C. Carlisle, Barry S. Fagin, David S. Gibson
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 annual ACM SIGAda international conference on Ada: the engineering of correct and reliable software for real-time & distributed systems using ada and related technologies (2003)

This paper describes our experience with selecting Ada as the primary programming language for Computer Science and Computer Engineering majors at the USAF Academy. We have decided to teach Ada in the first three courses of these majors for the next few years. Our criteria for selecting Ada are based on features of the language (such as strong typing, lack of single-character errors, and case insensitivity), features of the compiler, (such as error messages and warnings), and features of the overall development experience (such as development environments, availability of textbooks, GUI development support, and industry acceptance). We compared Ada with Java, C++, and C#.
Theory and applications of explicit substitutions: Introduction
Authors: Delia Kesner
Venue: Mathematical Structures in Computer Science (2001)

This special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science is dedicated to the theory and applications of explicit substitutions, which have attracted a growing community of researchers in the last decade, especially in the study of explicit substitutions as a means of bridging the gap between theory and practice in the implementation of programming languages, as well as theorem provers and proof checkers.Such implementations typically rely on formal calculi defined using implicit substitution operations that are left at the meta-level, so that they need to turn these meta-level operations into efficient executable code, and this is often fairly intricate and distant from the formal calculi. This causes a significant gap between theory and practice.Explicit substitutions considerably reduce this gap by bringing the meta-level operations down to the object-level calculus &ndash; where they are represented explicitly &ndash; allowing us in this way to give formal and robust models for the techniques actually used in implementations, and providing at the same time a more flexible tool for controlling the intermediate steps of evaluation.All the papers in this issue were invited on the basis of their quality and relevance to the domain, and subjected to the refereeing process of MSCS. Most of them are substantially expanded and revised versions of work originally presented at Westapp'98 and Westapp'99, the first and second &lsquo;Workshop on Explicit Substitutions: Theory and Applications to Programs and Proofs&rsquo;, which were held in conjunction with RTA'98 in Tsukuba, Japan, and with Floc'99 in Trento, Italy, respectively.As guest editor, I would like to express my warm thanks both to the authors, for their high-quality contributions to this special issue, and to the referees, whose scientific role was essential in improving the presentation of these contributions.
Assessment of a resource limited process for multidisciplinary projects
Authors: Lisa J. Burnell, John W. Priest, John R. Durrett
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2003)

Collaborative multidisciplinary team based education is increasingly recognized as a necessary component in the preparation of technical students for the workplace. This article presents a quantified assessment of a limited-resource process for teaching software product development combining students in computer science, engineering, and business at multiple universities within existing curriculum. Results indicate that the approach is useful in a resource restricted setting, as well as a providing an evolutionary step to the development of full-scale curricular changes that aim to provide students the skills needed to function in an increasingly distributed, multidisciplinary product development environment.
Tracing success: graphical methods for analysing successful collaborative problem solving
Authors: Richard Joiner, Kim Issroff
Venue: Computers Education (2003)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of trace diagrams for analysing collaborative problem solving. The paper describes a study where trace diagrams were used to analyse joint navigation in a virtual environment. Ten pairs of undergraduates worked together on a distributed virtual task to collect five flowers using two bees with each participant controlling one of the bees. This task is used extensively in research on multi-robot systems. The joint navigation of the pairs was analysed using trace diagrams. They showed that more successful pairs divided the task up, showed very little overlap and very little backtracking. Whereas, the less successful pairs, showed no task division, there was significant overlap and extensive backtracking. From this analysis we developed numerical measures of task division, overlap and backtracking. Task division was significantly and negatively related with task performance. Backtracking and overlap were significantly and positively correlated.
Asynchronous and distributed multi-criteria decision making using a web-based group support system
Authors: Sajjad Zahir, Brian Dobing
Venue: Information management: support systems & multimedia technology (2003)

A detailed model for designing a Web-based Multi-Criteria Group Support System (MCGSS) is presented. The model is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and uses the intensity of preferences of group members rather than simple voting procedures. This approach offers several advantages over simple voting mechanisms, including a much richer picture of both individual and group positions and more equitable decision-making. A prototype system, with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI), has been developed and used to analyze an experimental group decision process over the Internet. This permits a wider range of users, including those with limited typing skills, asynchronous communication across many time zones, and a larger number of participants than conventional systems. An agenda for further research is outlined.
Enhanced Testing of Domain Specific Applications by Automatic Extraction of Axioms from Functional Specifications
Authors: A. Sinha, C. S. Smidts, A. Moran
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2003)

Adequate testing is necessary and important toensure reliability of software. Most test modelsare specification-based and fail to captureimplicit domain specific properties. This paperpresents a technique, which uses a HaskellDBspecification of the software to extract domainspecific properties and embed them into the testgeneration model. HaskellDB is an embeddeddomain specific functional and strongly typedlanguage for database related applications.Specifying using HaskellDB ensures that a set ofaxioms based on type safeness of the databasequeries will hold for the specification. Theimplementation of the application should alsosatisfy these properties and should be testedaccordingly. We therefore, propose a techniquethat extracts the axioms automatically from theHaskellDB specification and embeds additionaltest paths in the test model leading to anenriched test suite. We present an exampleapplication of the technique and compare theresults against a manual testing technique.
Normative design of congruent, robust and adaptive organizations: modeling concepts and optimization algorithms
Authors: Krishna R. Pattipati
Venue:  (2003)

The primary purpose of this research has been to develop a systems engineering methodology for modeling missions and for synthesizing the concomitant optimal (also termed congruent), robust and adaptive organizations. An organization is said to be congruent with its mission if its structure and processes are matched to the mission. Our working hypothesis (which was proven empirically) was that an organization designed to optimize a set of objectives, that are consistent with the mission goals, would have the best performance. Therefore, such a structure is the most congruent with the mission among all possible organizations operating under the same environmental conditions and business logic. A robust organization is able to sustain high levels of performance in dynamic environments without having to change its structure. An adaptive organization is able to generate new strategies and/or reconfigure its structure to potentially achieve even higher performance. This work provides mathematical formulations for optimization problems arising in various phases of our organizational design process, and algorithms to solve the corresponding problems. Our organizational design methodology applies specific optimization techniques at different phases of the design, efficiently matching the structure of a mission environment to that of an organization. It allows an analyst to obtain an acceptable trade-off among multiple mission and design objectives, as well as between computational complexity and solution efficiency (desired degree of sub-optimality). This thesis has made four major contributions to the design of congruent, robust and adaptive organizations. The first contribution is the development of a three-phase iterative design process to create an optimal organizational structure for a specified mission and organizational constraints. The second contribution is the extension of design process to synthesize robust and adaptive organizations that are suitable for dynamic and uncertain environments. The third major contribution of the thesis is the scheduling of information flows in organizations. The final contribution is the experimental validation of congruence theories in a laboratory setting, viz., that the better an organization is matched to its mission, the better will that organization perform.
Optimistic replication in HOPE
Authors: Crispin Cowan
Venue: Proceedings of the 1992 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research - Volume 2 (1992)

The growing imbalance between network latency and throughput is causing nodes in distributed systems to appear to be moving farther apart. Many distributed systems are turning to replication as a mechanism to make resources appear closer. However, maintaining one-copy consistency in a system containing replicated elements has proven difficult. In particular, the checks required to make consistent updates can take as long or longer than the time that would be taken to update a single remote copy.Various optimistic concurrency control algorithms have been created to hide this latency. These systems hide latency by optimistically assuming that no conflict exists and performing the conflict check in parallel with the update. If the assumption proves correct, time has been saved. If the assumption proves incorrect, the update must be rolled back, along with any other computations that have become dependent on the results of this speculative update.Concurrency control algorithms are complex, and optimistic concurrency control is even more so. Optimistic algorithms in general tend to be complicated due to the need to perform dependency tracking and preserve sufficient state to be able to un-do speculative computations performed under an optimistic assumption. This paper describes a set of programming language constructs for the expression of optimistic algorithms known as HOPE. We present a description of the HOPE constructs, along with the programming language properties necessary to embed HOPE in a language. We then express several replication schemes from the literature in HOPE. The relative conceptual simplicity of the HOPE versions argues for the utility of HOPE in the construction of optimistic algorithms, particularly optimistic replication.
Counting Partial Orders with a Fixed Number of Comparable Pairs
Authors: Hans Jürgen Prömel, Angelika Steger, Anusch Taraz
Venue: Combinatorics, Probability and Computing (2001)

In 1978, Dhar suggested a model of a lattice gas whose states are partial orders. In this context he raised the question of determining the number of partial orders with a fixed number of comparable pairs. Dhar conjectured that in order to find a good approximation to this number, it should suffice to enumerate families of layer posets. In this paper we prove this conjecture and thereby prepare the ground for a complete answer to the question.
Comparing the effects of text size and format on the readibility of computer-displayed Times New Roman and Arial text
Authors: Michael L. Bernard, Barbara S. Chaparro, Melissa M. Mills, Charles G. Halcomb
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2003)

Times New Roman and Arial typefaces in 10- and 12-point, dot-matrix and anti-aliased format conditions were compared for readability (accuracy, reading speed, and accuracy/ reading speed), as well as perceptions of typeface legibility, sharpness, ease of reading, and general preference. In assessing readability, the 10-point anti-aliased Arial typeface was read slower than the other type conditions. Examining perceptions of typeface legibility, sharpness, and ease of reading detected significant effects for typeface, size, and format. Overall, the 12- point dot-matrix Arial typeface was preferred to the other typefaces. Recommendations for appropriate typeface combinations for computer-displayed text are discussed.