ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On generating cognitive patterns of software comprehension
Authors: Adam Murray, Timothy C. Lethbridge
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

This paper presents a research approach applied to the development of "cognitive patterns" in software comprehension. The approach involves observation of professionals in the field and the analysis of the resulting data. It is a "mixed methods" approach since it combines elements of specific research methods used in software engineering empirical research, and sociological qualitative research-specifically an approach called "grounded theory". We apply our combined approach to develop the basis for a theory of the ways people think when explaining and comprehending software. We have called the result "cognitive patterns". The approach involves videotaping of whiteboard activities as professional software engineers explain software, iterative coding of the video data, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, and generation of cognitive patterns from the categories.
Partitioning Hardware and Software for Reconfigurable Supercomputing Applications: A Case Study
Authors: Justin L. Tripp, Anders A. Hanson, Maya Gokhale, Henning Mortveit
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2005)

Often reconfigurable systems are reported to have 10× to 100× speedup over that of a software system. However, the reconfigurable hardware must usually be combined with software to form an entire system. This system integration presents a hardware/software co-design problem with many system engineering issues. Here, we present traffic acceleration on the Cray XD1 supercomputer and describe the costs involved in different hardware/software trade-offs.
Kode Vicious: The Doctor is In
Authors: George Neville-Neil
Venue: Queue (2005)

Dear Kode Vicious, I've been reading your rants for a few months now and was hoping you could read one of mine. It's a pretty simple rant, actually: it's just that I'm tired of hearing about buffer overflows and dont understand why anyone in his or her right mind still uses strcpy(). Why does such an unsafe routine continue to exist at all? Why not just remove the thing from the library and force people to migrate their code? Another thing I wonder is, how did such an API come to exist in the first place?
Automatic Generation of Analyzable Failure Propagation Models from Component-Level Failure Annotations
Authors: Lars Grunske, Bernhard Kaiser
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Quality Software (2005)

Model-driven and component-based software engineering methodologies are currently key factors for the successful construction of complex software systems. To effectively apply these methodologies to mission- and safety-critical systems, component-based models should also support hazard analysis techniques and enable the automatic construction of safety cases. This paper outlines a technique, which annotates components with modular failure mode assumptions, described in the Failure Propagation Transformation Notation (FPTN) and generates an analyzable failure propagation model for the complete system. Based on this technique, a model-based safety evaluation is possible, which enables the automatic generation of safety cases based on system models. Consequently, a consistency between the safety case and the system model can be ensured, even if the system's architecture is changed.
Action respecting embedding
Authors: Michael Bowling, Ali Ghodsi, Dana Wilkinson
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning (2005)

Dimensionality reduction is the problem of finding a low-dimensional representation of high-dimensional input data. This paper examines the case where additional information is known about the data. In particular, we assume the data are given in a sequence with action labels associated with adjacent data points, such as might come from a mobile robot. The goal is a variation on dimensionality reduction, where the output should be a representation of the input data that is both low-dimensional and respects the actions (i.e., actions correspond to simple transformations in the output representation). We show how this variation can be solved with a semidefinite program. We evaluate the technique in a synthetic, robot-inspired domain, demonstrating qualitatively superior representations and quantitative improvements on a data prediction task.
The WK-Recursive Pyramid: An Efficient Network Topology
Authors: M. Hoseiny Farahabady, H. Sarbazi-Azad
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures,Algorithms and Networks (2005)

In this paper, we present and evaluate a new topology for interconnection networks which we refer to as WK-pyramid. This network has a recursive definition quite similar to that of conventional pyramid networks, but is based on the WK-recursive mesh. The traditional pyramid, a desirable network topology, was employed as both software data structure and hardware architecture. However, the new network topology which we propose has, in addition to almost all the properties of the pyramid, a number of superior properties, such as expandability to any base size. We show that this hierarchical topology is of interesting topological characteristics, making it suitable for utilization as the base topology of large-scale multicomputer systems
Learning Domain Ontologies from Document Warehouses and Dedicated Web Sites
Authors: Roberto Navigli, Paola Velardi
Venue: Computational Linguistics (2004)

We present a method and a tool, OntoLearn, aimed at the extraction of domain ontologies from Web sites, and more generally from documents shared among the members of virtual organizations. OntoLearn first extracts a domain terminology from available documents. Then, complex domain terms are semantically interpreted and arranged in a hierarchical fashion. Finally, a general-purpose ontology, WordNet, is trimmed and enriched with the detected domain concepts. The major novel aspect of this approach is semantic interpretation, that is, the association of a complex concept with a complex term . This involves finding the appropriate WordNet concept for each word of a terminological string and the appropriate conceptual relations that hold among the concept components. Semantic interpretation is based on a new word sense disambiguation algorithm, called structural semantic interconnections.
Model Evolution with Aspect-Oriented Mechanisms
Authors: Naoyasu Ubayashi, Shinji Sano, Yusaku Maeno, Satoshi Murakami, Tetsuo Tamai
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2005)

Model-based development is a software development method in which models are created before source code is written. Although the method is effective, we have to modify models when we face evolution such as change of platforms. These modifications crosscut over many places in the models, and tend to cause unexpected errors. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a method for model evolution using model transformations based on aspect orientation, a mechanism that modularizes crosscutting concerns. A modeler can extend model transformation rules by defining new aspects in the process of modeling. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of aspect orientation in terms of model evolution.
A Neural Network Prediction Model for a Psychiatric Application
Authors: Kristopher R. Linstrom, A. John Boye
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (2005)

This paper presents a unique application of artificial neural networks used to predict the successful or unsuccessful completion of special education programming for students diagnosed with serious emotional disturbance (SED). In this study, as is common in medical applications, there is an insufficient amount of input data for training and testing the neural network. Bootstrapping and noisy replication of the input data are two techniques used to attempt to compensate for this small amount of available data. While the results would have benefited if more data were available, the results show some promise in being able to correctly predict the successful or unsuccessful completion of SED programming with artificial neural networks, particularly as a diagnostic test.
Dynamically Adapted Streaming of Video for a Real-Time Multimedia Application
Authors: A. Thakur, B. Lines, P. Reynolds
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services (2005)

In most of the synchronous e-learning tools the video of instructor's image is sent using only head-andshoulder's view. Students find this video presentation rather monotonous and instructors find it restrictive. In this paper we discuss the cinematic principles for automatically capturing a more engaging lecture presentational view. Then we describe our proposed virtual class room set-up for recording the video. Finally we discuss our scheme to stream video sequence having optimum perceptual quality by dynamically controlling frame rate and resolution, taking into considerations the type of video sequence and the required bit rate.
Geometric distribution generator
Authors: Henk Koppelaar
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1977)

In this paper we show via an application in simulating Mastery Learning the use of geometrically distributed random numbers n, [EQUATION]. A Fortran program for this task is presented and a proof of correctness is given.
A new discrete quantitative randomized response model
Authors: P. T. Liu, L. P. Chow
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1976)

The Randomized Response Technique, which was originally developed for qualitative purposes, is being developed for quantitative purposes, and the current article presents a new discrete quantitative RRT model. This model uses a predetermined combination of balls in the randomizing device, instead of asking an innocuous question. It has been shown that the procedures of administering the model is simple and that its efficiency of estimate is higher than the other currently available models.
Simulated virtual market place by using voiscape communication medium
Authors: Yasusi Kanada
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

We are developing a new voice communication medium called voiscape. Voiscape enables natural and seamless bi-directional voice communication by using sound to create a virtual sound room. In a sound room, people can feel others' direction and distance expressed by spatial sounds with reverberations, and they can move freely by using a map of the room. Voiscape enables multi-voice-conversations. In a virtual market place that will be realized by voiscape, people can not only buy goods or information but also enjoy talking with merchants and people there. In this demo, a voiscape prototype called VPII is used for realizing such an environment. Unfortunately, because prerecorded voices are used in this demo, the participants cannot talk with merchants. However, the participants can talk each other with small end-to-end latency (less than 200 ms) and will feel the atmosphere of the virtual market place. Prerecorded people and merchants talk each other in English, Japanese and Chinese in parallel and with crossovers, and participants can virtually walk among them and can selectively listen one voice or hear multiple voices at once.
Data collection and analysis techniques for evaluating the perceptual qualities of auditory stimuli
Authors: Terri L. Bonebright, Nadine E. Miner, Timothy E. Goldsmith, Thomas P. Caudell
Venue: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) (2005)

This paper describes a general methodological framework for evaluating the perceptual properties of auditory stimuli. The framework provides analysis techniques that can ensure the effective use of sound for a variety of applications, including virtual reality and data sonification systems. Specifically, we discuss data collection techniques for the perceptual qualities of single auditory stimuli including identification tasks, context-based ratings, and attribute ratings. In addition, we present methods for comparing auditory stimuli, such as discrimination tasks, similarity ratings, and sorting tasks. Finally, we discuss statistical techniques that focus on the perceptual relations among stimuli, such as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Pathfinder Analysis. These methods are presented as a starting point for an organized and systematic approach for nonexperts in perceptual experimental methods, rather than as a complete manual for performing the statistical techniques and data collection methods. It is our hope that this paper will help foster further interdisciplinary collaboration among perceptual researchers, designers, engineers, and others in the development of effective auditory displays.
Conceptual procedure for ranking fuzzy numbers based on adaptive two-dimensions dominance
Authors: Jing-Rong Chang, Ching-Hsue Cheng, Chen-Yi Kuo
Venue: Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications (2006)

Many methods for ranking of fuzzy numbers have been proposed. However, these methods just can apply to rank some types of fuzzy numbers (i.e. normal, non-normal, positive, and negative fuzzy numbers), and many ranking cases can just rank by their graphs intuitively. So, it is important to use proper methods in the right condition. In this paper, a conceptual procedure is proposed to describe how to use intuitive ranking and some technical ranking methods properly. We also introduce a new ranking fuzzy numbers approach that can adjust experts&#x2019; confidence and optimistic index of decision maker using two parameters (&#x03b1; and &#x03b2;) to handle the problems and find the best solutions. After illustrate many numerical examples following our conceptual procedure the ranking results are validity.
Improved concept-to-speech generation in a dialogue system on road guidance
Authors: Yuji Yagi, Keikichi Hirose, Seiya Takada, Nobuaki Minematsu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

Although in most spoken dialogue systems, text-tospeech conversion devices are used for reply speech generation. However, use of such devices makes it difficult to well reflect higher-level linguistic (and para-/non- linguistic) information obtainable during sentence generation process on reply speech. This situation degrades the reply speech quality mainly from the aspect of prosodic features. A method is necessary to directly converting content of reply into speech. This method, known as concept-to-speech conversion, was realized for the reply speech generation in our spoken dialogue system on road guidance. It is an improved version of our formerly developed one for an agent dialogue system. Reply sentence generation was conducted by pasting words and/or phrases at tag positions of a sentence frame, which was prepared in a tag-LISP form. In order to realize the concept-to-speech conversion, syntactic structure of phrases in user's inputs is kept and is utilized for the sentence generation. Several improvements, such as prosodic phrase boundary positioning using probability of word sequences, are also added to prosodic control in speech synthesis. In the spoken dialogue system, a user was guided to reach a place marked on a map through conversation. Several schemes on dialogue management were implemented to solve the problems caused due to the imperfect information on the roads given to the user and the system. A trial use of the system showed that a smooth conversation between the user and the system was possible. The result cleary indicated a better prosodic control for the newlydeveloped method as compared to the original method.
WikiGateway: a library for interoperability and accelerated wiki development
Authors: Bayle Shanks
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Wikis (2005)

WikiGateway is an open-source suite of tools for automated interaction with wikis:&bull; Python and Perl modules with functions like getPage, putPage, getRecentChanges, and more.&bull; A mechanism to add DAV, Atom, or XMLRPC capabilities to any supported wiki server.&bull; A command-line tool with functionality similar to the Perl and Python modules.&bull; Demo applications built on top of these tools include a wiki copy command, a spam-cleaning bot, and a tool to recursively upload text files inside a directory structure as wiki pages.All WikiGateway tools are compatible with a number of different wiki engines. Developers can use WikiGateway to hide the differences between wiki engines and build applications which interoperate with many different wiki engines.
Maplets for correspondence-based object recognition
Authors: Junmei Zhu, Christoph von der Malsburg
Venue: Neural Networks (2004)

We present a correspondence-based system for visual object recognition with invariance to position, orientation, scale and deformation. The system is intermediate between high- and low-dimensional representations of correspondences. The essence of the approach is based on higher-order links, called here maplets, which are specific to narrow ranges of mapping parameters (position, scale and orientation), which interact cooperatively with each other, and which are assumed to be formed by learning. While being based on dynamic links, the system overcomes previous problems with that formulation in terms of speed of convergence and range of allowed variation. We perform face recognition experiments, comparing ours to other published systems. We see our work as a step towards a reformulation of neural dynamics that includes rapid network self-organization as essential aspect of brain state organization.
Using the web service modeling ontology to enable semantic e-business
Authors: Jos de Bruijn, Dieter Fensel, Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2005)

The Web infrastructure offers businesses a way to partner and work together, integrating differing applications and communications in a seamless manner.
Financial Document Image Coding with Regions of Interest Using JPEG2000
Authors: Xu-Cheng Yin, Chang-Ping Liu, Zhi Han
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

Document image coding is a very important issue in document analysis and recognition systems provided with vast samples. An image compression algorithm with Regions Of Interest (ROIs) using JPEG2000 is proposed for financial document images which have various categories, complex layouts, and irregular noises. Three types of ROIs: filled information ROIs, seal ROIs, and handwriting ROIs, are detected and extracted through document knowledge analysis and handwriting identification. The first ROIs are detected by document classification, the second are extracted by connected component analysis based on color and shape information, and the third are located by handwriting identification using an incremental Fisher linear discriminant classifier. A ROI mask with a random shape is constructed by thresholding and merging these ROIs. Finally, a financial document image is encoded using JPEG2000 Part 1 with this ROI mask. Compared to JPEG and DjVu, the method improves visual quality while decreasing storing space.
XML signature element wrapping attacks and countermeasures
Authors: Michael McIntosh, Paula Austel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Secure web services (2005)

Naive use of XML Signature may result in signed documents remaining vulnerable to undetected modification by an adversary. In the typical usage of XML Signature to protect SOAP messages, an adversary may be capable of modifying valid messages in order to gain unauthorized access to protected resources.This paper describes the general vulnerability and several related exploits, and proposes appropriate countermeasures. While the attacks described herein may se obvious to security experts once they are explained, effective countermeasures require careful security policy specification and correct implentation by signed message providers and consumers. Since these implenters are not always security experts, this paper provides the guidance necessary to prevent these attacks.
Dynamically reconfiguring resources to reduce power dissipation in high-performance microprocessors
Authors: R. Iris Bahar
Venue:  (2005)

Although power is of great concern, the main driving force in high-end microprocessor design is still performance. To achieve high performance for the broadest set of applications, many complex architectural features are included in these general-purpose, high-performance microprocessors. While the goal of overall high performance is generally met, it comes at a cost of high power dissipation. Moreover, different applications may vary widely in their degree of instruction-level parallelism (ILP), their branch behavior, and/or their memory access behavior. As a result, the datapath resources required to implement these complex features may not be optimally utilized by all applications; however, some power will be dissipated by these resources regardless of their utilization. To better address power concerns, a good design strategy should be flexible enough to dynamically reconfigure available resources according to the application's needs such that extra power is dissipated only when it is really needed. In this thesis, we focus on power-aware solutions for the datapath resources in a high-performance, out-of-order superscalar microprocessor and show three dynamic solutions. First, we proposed a hardware mechanism to adjust integer and/or float point pipelines during runtime to save power using feedback from hardware performance monitors. Second, we designed three dynamic schemes that partition the issue queue into FIFOs such that only instructions at the head of each FIFO may request to issue. Then, we can vary the number and/or size of FIFOs based on feedback from performance monitors according to the application's runtime needs. Last, we introduced a dynamic closed-loop feedback control system to schedule resources in a general-purpose microprocessor for multimedia workloads. The control system defines a target metric and a way to measure the error distance between the target and actual values. This way hardware resources can be dynamically scheduled based on the online error distance. In general, the main goal of this thesis work is to reduce energy and/or power without introducing undue performance loss in high-performance, out-of-order superscalar microprocessors. To obtain this goal, we proposed to utilize datapath resources in a more effective way, i.e., disabling structures whenever they are indicated to be non-critical for high performance.