ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the security defects of an image encryption scheme
Authors: Chengqing Li, Shujun Li, Muhammad Asim, Juana Nunez, Gonzalo Alvarez, Guanrong Chen
Venue: Image and Vision Computing (2009)

This paper studies the security of a recently-proposed chaos-based image encryption scheme and points out the following problems: (1) there exist a number of invalid keys and weak keys, and some keys are partially equivalent for encryption/decryption; (2) given one chosen plain-image, a subkey K"1"0 can be guessed with a smaller computational complexity than that of the simple brute-force attack; (3) given at most 128 chosen plain-images, a chosen-plaintext attack can possibly break the following part of the secret key: K"imod128"i"="4^1^0, which works very well when K"1"0 is not too large; (4) when K"1"0 is relatively small, a known-plaintext attack can be carried out with only one known plain-image to recover some visual information of any other plain-images encrypted by the same key.
Graph Transformations for Modeling hp-Adaptive Finite Element Method with Mixed Triangular and Rectangular Elements
Authors: Anna Paszyńska, Maciej Paszyński, Ewa Grabska
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Science (2009)

The paper presents composition graph (CP-graph) grammar, which consists of a set of CP-graph transformations, suitable for modeling transformations of two dimensional meshes with rectangular elements mixed with triangular elements. The mixed meshes are utilized by the self-adaptive hp Finite Element Method (FEM) extended to support triangular and rectangular elements. The hp-FEM generates a sequence of mixed triangular and rectangular element meshes providing exponential convergence of the numerical error with respect to the mesh size. This is done be executing several h or p refinements over an initial mesh. The mixed finite element mesh is represented by attributed CP-graph. The proposed graph transformations model the initial mesh generation as well as mesh refinements. The proposed extended graph grammar has been defined and verified by using implemented software.
Design of a Web-based Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Yongjun Jing, Shaochun Zhong, Xin Li, Jian Li
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Advances in Intelligent IT: Active Media Technology 2006 (2006)

In this paper, we present the architecture, function, and running-mechanisms of a Web-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). ITS contains following components: information collecting system, learner profile analysis system, strategy matching system and strategy updating system; using domain knowledge base, learner model base, instruction strategy base and web log base. The system analyzes learning models of different users and applies different instruction strategies to meet personalized requirements.
MarCaSPiS: a Markovian Extension of a Calculus for Services
Authors: Rocco De Nicola, Diego Latella, Michele Loreti, Mieke Massink
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a design paradigm that has evolved from earlier paradigms including object-orientation and component-based software engineering. Important features of services are compositionality, context-independence, encapsulation and re-usability. To support the formal design and analysis of SOC applications recently a number of Service Oriented Calculi have been proposed. Most of them are based on process algebras enriched with primitives specific of service orientation such as operators for manipulating semi-structured data, mechanisms for describing safe client-service interactions, constructors for composing possibly unreliable services and techniques for services query and discovery. In this paper we show a versatile technique for the definition of Structural Operational Semantics of MarCaSPiS, a Markovian extension of one of such calculi, namely the Calculus of Sessions and Pipelines, CaSPiS. The semantics deals in an elegant way with a stochastic version of two-party synchronisation, typical of a service-oriented approach, and with the problem of transition multiplicity while preserving highly desirable mathematical properties such as associativity and commutativity of parallel composition. We also show how the proposed semantics can be naturally used for defining a bisimulation-based behavioural equivalence for MarCaSPiS terms that induces the same equalities as those obtained via Strong Markovian Equivalence.
An Instructional Model for Learning Theorem Proving with Dynamic Geometry Environment
Authors: Wing-Kwong Wong, Bo-Yu Chen, Sheng-Kai Yin
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Towards Sustainable and Scalable Educational Innovations Informed by the Learning Sciences: Sharing Good Practices of Research, Experimentation and Innovation (2005)

Many students of geometry theorem proving do not perform satisfactorily when asked to prove simple theorems. Their problems might arise from their poor understanding of the involved geometric concepts, or from their ignorance of intermediate geometric propositions that are needed to derive the final conclusion. To address these issues, we propose an instructional model using a dynamic geometry environment that integrates the elements of exploration and theorem proving.
On centroidal voronoi tessellation&mdash;energy smoothness and fast computation
Authors: Yang Liu, Wenping Wang, Bruno Lévy, Feng Sun, Dong-Ming Yan, Lin Lu, Chenglei Yang
Venue: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) (2009)

Centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) is a particular type of Voronoi tessellation that has many applications in computational sciences and engineering, including computer graphics. The prevailing method for computing CVT is Lloyd's method, which has linear convergence and is inefficient in practice. We develop new efficient methods for CVT computation and demonstrate the fast convergence of these methods. Specifically, we show that the CVT energy function has 2nd order smoothness for convex domains with smooth density, as well as in most situations encountered in optimization. Due to the 2nd order smoothness, it is possible to minimize the CVT energy functions using Newton-like optimization methods and expect fast convergence. We propose a quasi-Newton method to compute CVT and demonstrate its faster convergence than Lloyd's method with various numerical examples. It is also significantly faster and more robust than the Lloyd-Newton method, a previous attempt to accelerate CVT. We also demonstrate surface remeshing as a possible application.
Intelligent Applications Ltd: A History 1986 to 2005
Authors: Charlie Nicol, Linsay Turbert
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Rob Milne: A Tribute to a Pioneering AI Scientist, Entrepreneur and Mountaineer (2006)

This paper is in memory of Rob Milne, the founder and managing director of Intelligent Applications. Rob passed away on 5th June 2005 whilst attempting to climb Mount Everest. http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/everest/.
Full-Body Avatar Control with Environment Awareness
Authors: Manuel Peinado, Damien Maupu, Daniel Raunhardt, Daniel Meziat, Daniel Thalmann, Ronan Boulic
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2009)

Interactive control of a virtual character through full-body movement has a wide range of applications. However, there is a need for systems that accurately reproduce a performer's motion while accounting for surrounding obstacles. The authors propose an approach based on a Prioritized Inverse Kinematics (IK) constraint solver. Several markers placed on the participant's body are tracked by the virtual character thanks to kinematic constraints. At the same time, the approach monitors the instantaneous displacements of a set of geometric primitives, called observers, attached to different parts of the virtual character. When an observer enters the influence area of an obstacle, any motion component heading toward the obstacle is damped by automatically created preventive constraints. The IK solver satisfies marker and preventive constraints simultaneously. Combined with an anatomically consistent, coupled spine model, the approach yields virtual character postures that remain close to the participant's, while avoiding collisions with the environment. Performance measurements show the maturity of the IK technology for real-time full-body interactions.
The development of METAKU to support learning in hypermedia environment
Authors: Saemah Rahman, Siti Fatimah Mohd Yassin, Normahdiah Sheikh Said
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications (2009)

The development of learning skills is not given attention in many classrooms in all levels of education in our education system today. We assume that students will be able to develop their own learning skills. The challenges students face in hypermedia learning environment need to be considered to help them learn effectively in this type of learning environment. METAKU is developed to assist students to apply metacognitive learning strategies, that is, planning, monitoring and evaluation during the learning process in hypermedia learning environment. This paper discusses the development of METAKU which employed the first three stages of a generic instructional design model - ADDIE which consists of the following stages: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation and 5) Evaluation. In the analysis stage, the data was collected using a triangulation method done concurrently: a survey of student's preference of studying online versus offline; a focus group interview to identify challenges they face and strategies they use whilst accessing and studying the hypertext materials; and a record of student's interaction with the computer using captivation software. A total of 240 second year university students in two public universities in Malaysia were involved in this study. The analysis stage provides information for stage 2 and 3 where the data collected was used in formulating the content and design of METAKU. It is hoped that METAKU will be able to help students develop learning skills in hypermedia learning environment.
Synchronization of chaotic systems based on observer design under noisy environment
Authors: Ramy Farid, Abdul-Azim Ibrahim, Belal Abo-Zalam
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Automation & information (2009)

In this paper, we show that the synchronization of chaotic systems can be achieved by using the observer design techniques. Because of its application in secure communication we consider a noisy environment during transmission. We prove that proportional Luenberger observer is sufficient under this environment, provide that a accurate selection of feedback gain, the condition of chaos synchronization is derived then transformed into linear matrix inequality which is easily solved using matlab toolbox. The proposed technique has been applied to synchronize Chua system to verify the effectiveness of this technique. And then comparing the obtained results with the results obtained from previous PI observer.
A low-cost through via interconnection for ISM WLP
Authors: Jingli Yuan, Won-Kyu Jeung, Chang-Hyun Lim, Seung-Wook Park, Young-Do Kweon, Sung Yi
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2009)

Wafer level packaging (WLP) for image sensor device has the advantage of small size, high performance and low cost. In WLP technology, in order to form electrical interconnection from image sensor contact pad to the backside of the wafer, several structures have been developed, such as T-contact and through silicon via (TSV). In this paper, a wafer level package of image sensor with new type TSV electrical interconnection for image sensor pad is presented. The target of this development is to reduce process cost and difficulty, and increase yield of image sensor packaging. Key fabrication processes includes glass protecting wafer bonding, device wafer thinning, backside through via etching, via passivation layer deposition, pad oxide opening, via filling and backside re-routing layer formation, etc. Compared to large opening area of tapered via on the backside of CMOS image sensor wafer, only small opening area is need for making via interconnection with vertical sidewall presented in this paper. A fillet structure at bottom corner of via holes can help to reduce sequent process difficulty, so that low-cost and simplified unit processes are successfully adopted in the fabrication process for through via formation. The through via interconnection shows good electrical connection performance, and high-quality photo images are obtained by packaged image sensor device.
A second-order Nystrom-type discretization for the early-exercise curve of American put options
Authors: Pascal Heider
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2009)

It is well known that the value of an American option can be expressed as the sum of the corresponding European option and a premium, which reflects the additional right of early exercise. Based on this expression, it is possible to derive an integral equation for the early-exercise curve. Because the early-exercise curve is not sufficiently smooth at expiry, an ad hoc Nystrom discretization of high order for solving the integral equation is not guaranteed. In this paper, we present a Nystrom-type discretization, which uses an adequate integral transformation to circumvent the non-sufficient smoothness at expiry and results in a method of second order.
Generic Scene Recovery Using Multiple Images
Authors: Kuk-Jin Yoon, Emmanuel Prados, Peter Sturm
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer Vision (2009)

We present a generative model based method for recovering both the shape and the reflectance of the surface(s) of a scene from multiple images, assuming that illumination conditions are known in advance. Based on a variational framework and via gradient descents, the algorithm minimizes simultaneously and consistently a global cost functional with respect to both shape and reflectance. Contrary to previous works which consider specific individual scenarios, our method applies to a number of scenarios --- mutiview stereovision, multiview photometric stereo, and multiview shape from shading. In addition, our approach naturally combines stereo, silhouette and shading cues in a single framework and, unlike most previous methods dealing with only Lambertian surfaces, the proposed method considers general dichromatic surfaces.
Controlling the size of multivariate outlier tests with the MCD estimator of scatter
Authors: Andrea Cerioli, Marco Riani, Anthony C. Atkinson
Venue: Statistics and Computing (2009)

Multivariate outlier detection requires computation of robust distances to be compared with appropriate cut-off points. In this paper we propose a new calibration method for obtaining reliable cut-off points of distances derived from the MCD estimator of scatter. These cut-off points are based on a more accurate estimate of the extreme tail of the distribution of robust distances. We show that our procedure gives reliable tests of outlyingness in almost all situations of practical interest, provided that the sample size is not much smaller than 50. Therefore, it is a considerable improvement over all the available MCD procedures, which are unable to provide good control over the size of multiple outlier tests for the data structures considered in this paper.
Multicloud: Multigrid convergence with a meshless operator
Authors: Aaron Katz, Antony Jameson
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2009)

The primary objective of this work is to develop and test a new convergence acceleration technique we call multicloud. Multicloud is well-founded in the mathematical basis of multigrid, but relies on a meshless operator on coarse levels. The meshless operator enables extremely simple and automatic coarsening procedures for arbitrary meshes using arbitrary fine level discretization schemes. The performance of multicloud is compared with established multigrid techniques for structured and unstructured meshes for the Euler equations on two-dimensional test cases. Results indicate comparable convergence rates per unit work for multicloud and multigrid. However, because of its mesh and scheme transparency, multicloud may be applied to a wide array of problems with no modification of fine level schemes as is often required with agglomeration techniques. The implication is that multicloud can be implemented in a completely modular fashion, allowing researchers to develop fine level algorithms independent of the convergence accelerator for complex three-dimensional problems.
Kick it with elasticity: Safety and performance in human-robot soccer
Authors: Sami Haddadin, Tim Laue, Udo Frese, Sebastian Wolf, Alin Albu-Schäffer, Gerd Hirzinger
Venue: Robotics and Autonomous Systems (2009)

The RoboCup community has one definite goal [H. Kitano, M. Asada, RoboCup humanoid challenge: That's one small step for a robot, one giant leap for mankind, in: IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS1998, Victoria, pp. 419-424, 1998]: winning against the human world soccer champion team by the year 2050. This implies real tackles and fouls between humans and robots, rising safety concerns for the robots and even more important for the human players. Nowadays, similar questions are discussed in the field of physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), but mainly in the context of industrial and service robotics applications. The first part of our paper is an attempt for a pHRI view on human-robot soccer. We take scenes from real soccer matches and discuss what could have happened if one of the teams consisted of robots instead of humans. The most important result is that elastic joints are needed to reduce the impact during collisions. The second and third part consider conversely, how the robot can handle the impact of kicking the ball and how it can reach the velocity of human-level soccer. Again joint elasticity is the key point. Overall, the paper analyzes a vision far ahead. However, all our conclusions are based on concrete simulations, experiments, derivations, or findings from sports science, forensics, and pHRI.
Arguments from Experience: The PADUA Protocol
Authors: Maya Wardeh, Trevor Bench-Capon, Frans Coenen
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Computational Models of Argument: Proceedings of COMMA 2008 (2008)

In this paper we describe PADUA, a protocol designed to enable agents to debate an issue drawing arguments not from a knowledge base of facts, rules and priorities but directly from a dataset of records of instances in the domain. This is particularly suited to applications which have large, possibly noisy, datasets, for which knowledge engineering would be difficult. Direct use of data requires a different style of argument, which has many affinities to case based reasoning. Following motivation and a discussion of the requirement of this form of reasoning, we present the protocol and illustrate its use with a case study. We conclude with a discussion of some significant issues highlighted by our approach.
Into the Newsroom: Exploring the Digital Production of Regional Television News, 1st edition
Authors: Emma Hemmingway
Venue:  (2007)

Into the Newsroom explores how journalists and the digital technologies with which they are entangled construct television news at the micro level of practice. It challenges orthodox readings of television news production to explore fundamental questions concerning the way we understand how journalists and technologies combine with one another in unpredictable ways in order to create news. Hemmingway investigates the processes of regional BBC news production, by adapting Actor Network Theory to an ethnographic study of a specific newsroom to reveal how news work is constructed by this contingent and complex interplay of digital media technologies and human actors.The book provides a rigorous investigation of the everyday rituals that are performed in the television newsroom, and offers a unique suggestion that news is both a highly haphazard and yet technologically complicated process of deliberate construction involving the interweaving of reflexive professional journalists as well as developing, unpredictable technologies. Arguing specifically for a recognition and an exploration of technological agency, this book takes the reader on an exciting journey into the digital newsroom, using exclusive observation and interviews from those journalists working on the BBC's recent pilot project of local television news as part of its empirical evidence.This book is an essential introduction for both those seeking to understand news processes at the level of every day routines and practices, and for those students and scholars who are eager to adopt new and challenging ways to theorise news as practice. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Lowering the Bar for Creating Model-Tracing Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Stephen Blessing, Stephen Gilbert, Steven Ourada, Steven Ritter
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work (2007)

The main goal of the work presented here is to allow for the broader dissemination of intelligent tutoring technology. To accomplish this goal, we have two clear objectives. First, we want to allow different types of people to author model-tracing intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) than can now do so. Second, we want to enable an author to create a tutor for software that was not initially designed with an ITS in mind. Accomplishing these two objectives should increase the number of such ITSs that are produced. We have created the first iteration of an authoring system that addresses both objectives. Non-cognitive scientists and non-programmers have used the system to create a tutor, and the system can interface with third-party software that was not originally designed with the ITS.
Dialogue Games and e-Learning: The Interloc Approach
Authors: A. Ravenscroft, S. McAlister
Venue: Proceeding of the 2005 conference on Towards Sustainable and Scalable Educational Innovations Informed by the Learning Sciences: Sharing Good Practices of Research, Experimentation and Innovation (2005)

Currently there is considerable enthusiasm for exploring how we can apply digital gaming paradigms to learning. But there are problems with the degree to which these approaches both fit with our learning landscape and define how they actually support the development of social or conceptual processes that are involved in learning. In contrast, this paper will describe a 'dialogue game' approach to e-learning that integrates with existing, or near-future, pedagogical and technological practices, and which seeks to explicitly link game-playing activity to the development of dialogical and reasoning skills that lead to improved conceptual understanding and collaborative knowledge refinement. This paper will present: the background and theoretical foundations for this approach; summarise computational and empirical studies that support it; and, describe a prototype socio-cognitive tool called InterLoc that mediates, structures and scaffolds educational dialogue games. This approach is demonstrated and the implications it holds for designing gaming and related types of educational interaction are then discussed.