ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
User-system coordination in unified probabilistic retrieval: exploiting search logs to construct common ground
Authors: Jonathan Furner, Gregory H. Leazer
Venue:  (2008)

With the increasing use of Web search engines, there evolve acute needs for more adaptive and more personalizable Information Retrieval (IR) systems. Search logs have been investigated to gather useful data about contexts and users to support adaptive retrieval, but few studies have been undertaken that either construct a model of IR that provides a formal justification for the use of search logs, or carry out an empirical test of the retrieval effectiveness and real users' appeal of systems that exploit search-log data. This study proposes an IR Coordination Model, which applies Clark's coordination theory and ideas developed in IR cognitive models to a unified version of two probabilistic models of IR. This new model provides a motivation for the dynamic collection and exploitation of three kinds of data - linguistic, perceptual, and community membership to construct the "common ground" between IR mechanisms and searchers - data that can be collected via search logs. This study tests the operation of a system, the UPIR (Unified Probabilistic Information Retrieval) system, which was designed on the basis of the IR Coordination Model and exploited data about common ground. Real users' search logs from two operational Web search engines, Infocious and Excite, were processed to obtain implicit feedback for adaptive indexing and query expansion. A TREC-setting experiment and a real user study were conducted to examine how users' relevance feedback and incremental community membership information influence search results, and how users' perceptual evidence on search results and searching process correlates with system performance. The results demonstrate that the log-based UPIR system yields statistically superior performance over the baseline system. Search logs are useful data sources of linguistic, perceptual, and community membership information. The results show very clearly that some perceptual differentials on search results and searching process correlate positively with retrieval performance. Accumulated community information based on queries and click-through data in search logs improves search performance but at a diminishing rate. This study thus far suggests that linguistic, perceptual, and community membership information are vital in constructing common ground, improving user-system coordination in IR interaction, and supporting adaptive retrieval.
Improving client throughput with multi-hop relaying in wireless mesh networks
Authors: David J. Wetherall, John Zahorjan
Venue:  (2008)

The growing number of wireless device users and the proliferation of new wireless applications are imposing increasingly greater performance demands on today's wireless networks. As a result, much effort has been directed towards more efficient or heavily resourced physical layers, aimed at improving performance by reducing communication overheads and increasing spatial reuse. Fundamentally, however, distance and decreasing signal strength limit the performance gains hardware approaches can achieve; clients distant from an Internet gateway (e.g., an access point) will experience poor performance. This dissertation explores a complementary MAC layer approach to increase the throughput of clients distant from their access points. This approach employs multi-hop relaying to leverage short, high-rate links when network participants can forward traffic for one another, and multiple rates are supported. I develop analytic models to evaluate the potential performance benefits of this approach across a range of design choices including relay placement, spatial reuse, power control, and multiple channels and radios. I find that with relatively few relays, multi-hop relaying can yield order of magnitude throughput speedups for many clients. Surprisingly, I find that the simplest design choices (namely single radio nodes without spatial reuse or power control) offer benefits nearly as large as much more sophisticated ones. I use simulations in an 802.11 network to study the effects of practical constraints (e.g., discrete rates, ACKs, CSMA/CA) on multi-hop relaying, and argue that these performance benefits can be achieved in practice.
Developing a decision-making framework for effective collaborative working
Authors: Mark A. Shelbourn, Dino Bouchlaghem, Chimay Anumba, Patricia Carrillo
Venue: Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Leading the Web in Concurrent Engineering: Next Generation Concurrent Engineering (2006)

The new millennium has seen widespread recognition that the construction industry must embrace new ways of working if it is to remain competitive and meet the needs of its ever demanding clients. Project collaborations and collaborative working have increasingly become more important in construction projects. However, it has been argued that perhaps they are not being used to their full potential and in the correct context. The industry has shown a need for simple and efficient (shared) processes to help in the planning and implementation of effective collaboration. Much of the recent work on collaborative working has focused on the delivery of technological solutions, through Web-based systems (e.g. extranets), Computer Aided Design/Drafting (modeling and visualization), and knowledge management technologies and systems. However, recent outputs have displayed a better understanding by many researchers and leading industrialists that effective collaboration does not result from implementing technological solutions alone, with equal (or more) consideration needed for the organisational and people issues. Work currently being undertaken at Loughborough University aims to demonstrate this importance through the development of a decision-making framework and supportive tools to effectively plan and implement collaborative working in construction projects/organisations. This paper reports on the development of the prototype framework.
Mass spectrometry based proteomic biomarker selection and sample prediction
Authors: Jean Gao
Venue:  (2008)

High-resolution MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry has recently shown promise as a screening tool for detecting discriminatory peptide/protein patterns. The major computational obstacle in finding such patterns is the large number of mass/charge peaks (features, biomarkers, data points) in a spectrum. To tackle this problem, we have developed methods for data preprocessing and biomarker selection. The preprocessing consists of binning, baseline correction, and normalization. An algorithm, Extended Markov Blanket (EMB), is developed for biomarker detection, which combines redundant feature removal and discriminant feature selection. The biomarker selection couples with support vector machine (SVM) to achieve sample prediction from high-resolution proteomic profiles. Disease progresses in several stages. Therefore, there exist biomarkers corresponding to each stage. To deal with such a multi-class problem, we propose a classification and a feature selection method. The proposed classification method consists of two schemes: error-correcting output coding (ECOC) and pairwise coupling (PWC). In prediction for a test sample, aggregated results of both schemes are considered. In PWC scheme, important features for each pair of classes are found by using extended Markov blanket (EMB) feature selection. To identify the molecular formulae of the biomarkers, we develop a de novo peptide sequencing method. De novo peptide sequencing that determines the amino acid sequence of a peptide via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been increasingly used nowadays in proteomics for protein identification. Current de novo methods generally employ a graph theory, which usually produces a large number of candidate sequences and causes heavy computational cost while trying to determine a sequence with less ambiguity. We present a novel de novo sequencing algorithm that greatly reduces the number of candidate sequences. By utilizing certain properties of b- and y-ion series in MS/MS spectrum, we propose a reliable two-way parallel searching algorithm to filter out the peptide candidates that are further pruned by an intensity evidence based screening criterion. LDA is a traditional statistical scheme for feature reduction which has been widely used in a diversity of application areas. In a case where the dimensionality exceeds the sample size, however, the classical LDA faces a problem known as singularity. Since the dimensionality of the mass spectrometry data is considerably huge, the singularity problem necessarily happens. Another drawback of the classical LDA is its linear property with which LDA fails for nonlinear problems. To solve the problem, nonlinear based LDA methods have been proposed. However, they suffer from high cost in running. We propose a new fast kernel discriminant analysis (FKDA).
Research and Application of Urban Logistics Demand Forecast Based on High Speed and Precise Genetic Algorithm Neural Network
Authors: Jingwen Tian, Meijuan Gao, Fan Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part II (2009)

Considering the issues that the urban logistics system is an uncertain, nonlinear, dynamic and complicated system, and it is difficult to describe it by traditional methods, an urban logistics demand forecast method based on high speed and precise genetic algorithm neural network is presented in this paper. The high speed and precise genetic algorithm neural network is combined the adaptive and floating-point code genetic algorithm with BP network which has higher accuracy and faster convergence speed. We construct the network structure, and give the algorithm flow. The main parameters of affecting urban logistics demand are studied. With the ability of strong self-learning and faster convergence of high speed and precise genetic algorithm neural network, the forecast method can truly forecast the urban logistics demand by learning the index information of affect urban logistics demand. The actual forecasting results show that this method is feasible and effective.
Language-based enforcement of user-defined security policies: as applied to multi-tier web programs
Authors: Michael W. Hicks
Venue:  (2008)

Over the last 35 years, researchers have proposed many different forms of security policies to control how information is managed by software, e.g., multi-level information flow policies, role-based or history-based access control, data provenance management etc. A large body of work in programming language design and analysis has aimed to ensure that particular kinds of security policies are properly enforced by an application. However, these approaches typically fix the style of security policy and overall security goal, e.g., information flow policies with a goal of noninterference. This limits the programmer's ability to combine policy styles and to apply customized enforcement techniques while still being assured the system is secure.This dissertation presents a series of programming-language calculi each intended to verify the enforcement of a range of user-defined security policies. Rather than &ldquo;bake in&rdquo; the semantics of a particular model of security policy, our languages are parameterized by a programmer-provided specification of the policy and enforcement mechanism (in the form of code). Our approach relies on a novel combination of dependent types to correctly associate security policies with the objects they govern, and affine types to account for policy or program operations that include side effects. We have shown that our type systems are expressive enough to verify the enforcement of various forms of access control, provenance, information flow, and automata-based policies. Additionally, our approach facilitates straightforward proofs that programs implementing a particular policy achieve their high-level security goals. We have proved our languages sound and we have proved relevant security properties for each of the policies we have explored. To our knowledge, no prior framework enables the enforcement of such a wide variety of security policies with an equally high level of assurance.To evaluate the practicality of our solution, we have implemented one of our type systems as part of the LINKS web-programming language; we call the resulting language SELINKS. We report on our experience using SELINKS to build two substantial applications, a wiki and an on-line store, equipped with a combination of access control and provenance policies. In general, we have found the mechanisms SELINKS provides to be both sufficient and relatively easy to use for many common policies, and that the modular separation of user-defined policy code permitted some reuse between the two applications.
Frameworks for Intellectual Property Protection on Multimedia Database Systems
Authors: Hideyasu Sasaki, Yasushi Kiyoki
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIX (2008)

In this paper, we discuss the issues and future trends on patentable parameter setting components implemented in multimedia database systems. Multimedia databases in the applications of parameter setting components consist of copyrightable metadata. The data-processing processes are patentable in the forms of parameter setting components. The current techniques in parameter setting components enclose a variety of numerical parametric information which inventors would like to cover as trade secret. We present the conditions of copyrightability on the multimedia databases and the patentability on the parameter setting components with the directions for protecting numerical parametric information as trade secret.
Semantic relatedness in semantic networks
Authors: Laurent Mazuel, Nicolas Sabouret
Venue: Proceeding of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2008)

This paper presents a new semantic relatedness measure on semantic networks (SN) that uses both hierarchical and non-hierarchical relations. Our approach relies on two assumptions. Firstly, in a given SN, only a few numbers of paths can be considered as “semantically correct” and these paths obey to a given set of rules. Secondly, following a given edge in a path has a cost (which depends on its type, is-a, part-of, etc.) and its position in the path. We propose an evaluation of our measure on WordNet with two different benchmarks, using the part-of relation. We show that, in this context, our measure does better than the classical semantic measures.
The conkeror web browser conquers small screens
Authors: David A. Harding
Venue: Linux Journal (2009)

All the power of Firefox with an Emacs look and feel. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Non-Binary Error Control Coding for Wireless Communication and Data Storage
Authors: Rolando Antonio Carrasco, Martin Johnston
Venue:  (2009)

Comprehensive introduction to non-binary error-correction coding techniques Non-Binary Error Control Coding for Wireless Communication and Data Storage explores non-binary coding schemes that have been developed to provide an alternative to the Reed Solomon codes, which are expected to become unsuitable for use in future data storage and communication devices as the demand for higher data rates increases. This book will look at the other significant non-binary coding schemes, including non-binary block and ring trellis-coded modulation (TCM) codes that perform well in fading conditions without any expansion in bandwidth use, and algebraic-geometric codes which are an extension of Reed-Solomon codes but with better parameters. Key Features: Comprehensive and self-contained reference to non-binary error control coding starting from binary codes and progressing up to the latest non-binary codes Explains the design and construction of good non-binary codes with descriptions of efficient non-binary decoding algorithms with applications for wireless communication and high-density data storage Discusses the application to specific cellular and wireless channels, and also magnetic storage channels that model the reading of data from the magnetic disc of a hard drive. Includes detailed worked examples for each coding scheme to supplement the concepts described in this book Focuses on the encoding, decoding and performance of both block and convolutional non-binary codes, and covers the Ktter-Vardy algorithm and Non-binary LDPC codes This book will be an excellent reference for researchers in the wireless communication and data storage communities, as well as development/research engineers in telecoms and storage companies. Postgraduate students in these fields will also find this book of interest.
Numerical study of particle focusing through improved Lab-on-a-Chip device by positive dielectrophoresis
Authors: K. H. Choi, M. A. A. Rehmani, I. Doh, Young-Ho Cho
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2009)

In this paper an improved Lab-on-a-Chip device has been proposed for focusing the particle at the center of the channel to separate the desired particles from the main stream at the exit. The design methodology is kept simple and a two fluidic port device with geometric description is proposed. The induced dielectric force responsible for focusing particle is accomplished by means of two electrodes separated by dielectric material. Compared to the previous particle focusing devices; this device provides simple and effective mean of particle focusing with numerical study highlighting the importance of geometric improvements and efficiency.
Research on the Evaluation Index System for Regional Integration: Analysis and Empirical Study
Authors: Xiangzhao Huang, Qi Fei, Yangmin Ou, Jian Lu
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks on Advances in Neural Networks (2009)

In order to implement scientific development view and measure the effect of regional integration, the paper has constructed the evaluation index system for regional integration by means of the combined quantitative and qualitative analysis. Firstly, the paper illustrated the connotation, contents and significance of regional integration. Secondly, the paper put forward that the effect for regional integration is made of the presentation of the static, dynamic and external effects on system theory. Thirdly, the paper proposed the index system including the correlation degree, the degree of development gap and the development goal. Finally, it made an empirical analysis and made a conclusion for the recent problems and future development.
Fuzzy Two-Stage Supply Chain Problem and Its Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Guoli Wang, Yankui Liu, Mingfa Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part II (2009)

This paper presents a new class of fuzzy two-stage supply chain problems, in which transportation costs and demands are characterized by fuzzy variables with known possibility distributions. Since fuzzy parameters are often with infinite supports, the conventional optimization algorithms cannot be used to solve the proposed supply chain problem directly. To avoid this difficulty, an approximation method is developed to turn the original supply chain problem into a finite dimensional one. Generally, the approximating supply chain problem is neither convex nor linear. So, to solve the approximating supply chain problem, we design a hybrid algorithm by integrating approximation method, neural network (NN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Finally, one numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed algorithm.
Informational uses of spiritual information: an analysis of messages reportedly transmitted by extraphysical means
Authors: Jarkko Kari
Venue: Journal of Information Science (2009)

This article explores informational uses of spiritual information presented in spiritual publications. Informational use entails cognitive or communicational activity that â on the basis of information â focuses on representations of the perceived existence, whereas practical use of information centres on tangible â material or energetic â activities of the real world. Some earlier research has been done on the informational uses of information, but spiritual information has been ignored almost altogether in this context. The empirical work was grounded on a representative sample of spiritual texts. The method of analysing the data was inductive content analysis. The main result of this study was the discovery and dissection of three fundamental varieties of informational information use: internalizing information, processing knowledge, and externalizing knowledge. The classification constructed in this study can be seen as a useful tool for further investigation into information use, but it should be refined in subsequent research.
A Classification Framework for Large-Scale Face Recognition Systems
Authors: Ziheng Zhou, Samuel Chindaro, Farzin Deravi
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics (2009)

This paper presents a generic classification framework for large-scale face recognition systems. Within the framework, a data sampling strategy is proposed to tackle the data imbalance when image pairs are sampled from thousands of face images for preparing a training dataset. A modified kernel Fisher discriminant classifier is proposed to make it computationally feasible to train the kernel-based classification method using tens of thousands of training samples. The framework is tested in an open-set face recognition scenario and the performance of the proposed classifier is compared with alternative techniques. The experimental results show that the classification framework can effectively manage large amounts of training data, without regard to feature types, to efficiently train classifiers with high recognition accuracy compared to alternative techniques.
Design and implementation of embedded fuzzy controllers based on Fourier computation of membership functions
Authors: V. O. S. Olunloyo, A. M. Ajofoyinbo, O. Ibidapo-Obe
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS international conference on Electronics, hardware, wireless and optical communication (2009)

In an earlier paper, we derived explicit Fourier series expressions for systematic computation of grade of membership in the overlap and non-overlap regions of triangular fuzzy sets; and by implication, computation of union and intersection of the fuzzy sets. In this paper, we hereby extend the methodology to cover cases of the cosine, exponential and Gaussian fuzzy sets by presenting explicit Fourier series representation for encoding fuzziness in the overlap and non-overlap domains of membership functions of cosine and Gaussian fuzzy sets. The paper further present the development of a corresponding embedded "Fuzzy controller", which incorporates the formal mathematical representation, to measure temperature and pressure and produce output that can serve as input to other sub-systems or systems. In particular, it is established that the technique can indeed be incorporated in engineering systems for dynamic determination of grade of membership of adjoining Fuzzy sets and thus provides a basis for the design and implementation of embedded Fuzzy controller for mission-critical applications.