ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Exploring gaming mechanisms to enhance knowledge acquisition in virtual worlds
Authors: Francesco Bellotti, Riccardo Berta, Alessandro De Gloria, Victor Zappi
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts (2008)

3D environments are very popular among gamers and ever more used for simulations and serious games. The educational value of setting an adventure/simulation in a Virtual World (VW) is significant, in particular when training a workforce in performing dangerous/special tasks. However, when it comes to the exploration of a world to learn from it - as it happens in several real-life experiences - there is the risk that a lot of "knowledge in the world" is wasted because of a lack of appropriate guidance and the difficulty of providing more in-depth information about some items without interrupting the flow of the game. This paper discusses a Virtual Reality (VR) environment - aimed at promoting a meaningful interaction with artistic heritage - that has been enhanced with embedded microGames (mGs). mGs challenge the player to discover/investigate historical/artistic details related to a reconstructed area and virtually interact with pieces of the heritage in their context. mGs can be thought of as sort of 1-level links in the "hypertext" represented by the 3D environment where the player lives her/his cultural adventure. Preliminary informal tests have suggested that the approach is valid and also provided some guidelines about how to properly and smoothly integrate mGs in a 3D environment, which is an important requirement in order not to startle/distract the player.
A Course in the History of Computation
Authors: M. R. Williams
Venue: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (1985)

In 1983 the author first gave a third-year college course in the history of computation at the University of Calgary. His article describes the development and evolution of the course, which is intended to show how the process of calculating has been performed throughout history, as well as the people, events, and forces involved in the development of the electronic computer. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
An Efficient K-Hyperplane Clustering Algorithm and Its Application to Sparse Component Analysis
Authors: Zhaoshui He, Andrzej Cichocki
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Neural Networks: Part II--Advances in Neural Networks (2007)

Based on eigenvalue decomposition, a novel efficient K-HPC algorithm is developed in this paper, which is easy to implement. And it enables us to detect the number of hyperplanes and helps to avoid local minima by overestimating the number of hyperplanes. A confidence index is proposed to evaluate which estimated hyperplanes are most significant and which are spurious. So we can choose those significant hyperplanes with high rank priority and remove the spurious hyperplanes according to their corresponding confidence indices. Furthermore, a multilayer clustering framework called "multilayer K-HPC" is proposed to further improve the clustering results. The K-HPC approach can be directly applied to sparse component analysis (SCA) to develop efficient SCA algorithm. Two examples including a sparse component analysis example demonstrate the proposed algorithm.
A Mulimodeling Framework for Complex Learning Activity Designs
Authors: Sofiane Aouag
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in Web Based Learning (2008)

This paper proposes a modeling framework for learning activities centered on the design of their components (pedagogical instruments). The learning activity is represented as learning object where the structural components are the reusable objects representing the pedagogical instruments. This purpose presents a new current of learning activity design based on activity theory where its design means the specification of its specific teaching materials called pedagogical instruments, this material has the mediation role between the learner and the objects presented in the activity. The outcome of the presented project should be the convergence of cognitive, didactic, interface and content designs.
Investigating Similarity of Ontology Instances and Its Causes
Authors: Anton Andrejko, Mária Bieliková
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Part II (2008)

In this paper we present a novel method of comparing instances of ontological concepts in regard to personalized presentation and/or navigation in large information spaces. It is based on the assumption that comparing attributes of documents which were found interesting for a user can be a source for discovering information about user's interests. We consider applications for the Semantic Web where documents or their parts are represented by ontological concepts. We employ ontology structure and different similarity metrics for data type and object type attributes. From personalization point of view we impute reasons that might have caused user's interest in the content. Moreover, we propose a way to enumerate similarity for the particular user while taking into account individual user's interests and preferences.
Adding Attentional Capabilities Features to an Intelligent Virtual Agent
Authors: P. Brunny Troncoso, P. Ricardo Imbert, Angélica Antonio
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: New Frontiers in Applied Artificial Intelligence (2008)

Attention is defined as a mechanism that organizes and structures the operation of the person's basic cognitive processes; it has been studied from different paradigms; among them, attentional capability is related to: the quantity of stimulus a person can attend at the same time; the intensity (concentration) of his attention to them; and, the time period that this attention can be kept. We propose an attentional capability representation for Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) designed with personality and emotional features through COGNITIVA. Our agent is embodied, has goals and plans to meet by performing specific actions. The proposal simulates concentration levels and intensity on performing an action, to modify agent's sensorial channels thresholds and to limit these activities according to the activation level of the organism. The aim is to provide our agent with both more believability and natural behavior, improving the user-IVA interaction and the user's presence on the system.
The IBM card-programmed electronic calculator
Authors: John W. Sheldon, Liston Tatum
Venue: Papers and discussions presented at the Dec. 10-12, 1951, joint AIEE-IRE computer conference: Review of electronic digital computers (1951)

Tracking a guided missile on a test range now is the only way to make sure of its performance. At one Department of Defense facility this is done by planting batteries of cameras or photo-theodolites along a 100-mile course. During its flight, the missile position is recorded by each camera at 100 frames per second, together with the camera training angles. Formerly these thousands of pictures from each of many cameras were turned over to a crew of computers, to determine just what happened. It took 2 weeks to make the calculations for a single flight. Now this is done on the International Business Machines (IBM) Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator in about 8 hours, and the tests can proceed.
Analysis of the everyday human environment via large scale commonsense reasoning
Authors: Jeffrey Bilmes
Venue:  (2008)

One problem of fundamental interest to the artificial intelligence and machine learning research communities is the modeling of the state of the everyday human environment. Reasoning in a "commonsense" manner about everyday life based on sensory input presents some significant challenges. First, there is the problem of effectively collecting and representing commonsense information about the state of the world, including the objects, concepts, actions, and state variables that may be necessary to fully model the environment and the relationships between these entities. An effective model of the environment may require a very large amount of such data, which may be difficult to collect, to organize, and to evaluate. Second, there is the problem of effectively reasoning over this information once collected. Performing inference about the state of the environment given evidence may require a large amount of computation over a great many variables. In this work, we present a system, SRCS, which is designed to model and reason about the state of the everyday human environment using large scale commonsense reasoning. SRCS makes use of lightweight wearable sensors to observe human activity, and incorporates statistical learning techniques and preexisting sources of commonsense data to produce a graphical model of the state of the human environment over time. To improve the effectiveness of our system, we use semi-supervised machine learning techniques to learn a model based on sparsely labeled training data. Finally, to improve the efficiency of this model, we introduce a means of inferring a context - i.e. a subset of particularly relevant information - to the observations the system may encounter, and use this context discovery to produce more efficient reasoning. We present experimental results that confirm the efficacy of our techniques, and conclude with current directions of our research and future work.
Emotionally aware automated portrait painting
Authors: Simon Colton, Michel F. Valstar, Maja Pantic
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts (2008)

We combine a machine vision system that recognises emotions and a non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) system to automatically produce portraits which heighten the emotion of the sitter. To do this, the vision system analyses a short video clip of a person expressing an emotion, then tracks the movement of facial features and uses this tracking data to analyse which emotion was expressed and what the temporal dynamics of the expression were. The image where the emotion is expressed strongest, the location of the facial features in that image and a keyword describing the emotion detected are passed to the NPR software. This keyword is used to choose appropriate (simulated) art materials, colour palettes, abstraction methods and painting styles, so that the rendered image may heighten the emotion being expressed. We describe the vision and rendering systems and their combination, and provide examples of portraits produced in this emotionally aware fashion.
Toward a sentient environment: real-time wide area multiple human tracking with identities
Authors: Tao Zhao, Manoj Aggarwal, Thomas Germano, Ian Roth, Alexandar Knowles, Rakesh Kumar, Harpreet Sawhney, Supun Samarasekera
Venue: Machine Vision and Applications (2008)

In this paper, we presented a fully integratedreal-time computer vision system that can detect and track multiple humans in a wide-area using a network of stereo cameras. Continuous human identities are achieved by fusing video tracking with different kinds of biometric devices. The system also provides immersive visualization which enables the users to conveniently navigate through space and time and query useful events. The key innovations include stereo-based multi-object detection and tracking, a unified approach for fusing multiple sensors of different modalities, visualization and user interface design.
High aspect ratio copper through-silicon-vias for 3D integration
Authors: Chongshen Song, Zheyao Wang, Qianwen Chen, Jian Cai, Litian Liu
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration, which uses through-silicon-vias (TSVs) to interconnect multiple layers of active circuits, offers significant improvements over planar integrated circuits (ICs) on performance, functionality, and integration density. To address a key issue in 3D integration, the fabrication of high aspect ratio TSVs, this paper presents the bottom-up copper electroplating technique to fill high aspect ratio vias with copper. Deep through-silicon holes with aspect ratio as high as 10:1 are etched using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) method, and are completely filled with copper using bottom-up copper electroplating technique without forming any voids or seams. Based on this technique, a multi-layer 3D integration method is proposed. This method uses temporary transfer wafer to provide mechanical support to the device wafer during wafer thinning process and to provide the seed layer for copper electroplating. Then bottom-up electroplating is performed to fill the high aspect ratio vias with copper. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Universally Composable Undeniable Signature
Authors: Kaoru Kurosawa, Jun Furukawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th international colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, Part II (2008)

How to define the security of undeniable signature schemes is a challenging task. This paper presents two security definitions of undeniable signature schemes which are more useful or natural than the existing definition. It then proves their equivalence.We first define the UC-security, where UC means universal composability. We next show that there exists a UC-secure undeniable signature scheme which does not satisfy the standard definition of security that has been believed to be adequate so far. More precisely, it does not satisfy the invisibility defined by [10]. We then show a more adequate definition of invisibility which captures a wider class of (naturally secure) undeniable signature schemes.We finally prove that the UC-security against non-adaptive adversaries is equivalent to this definition of invisibility and the strong unforgeability in -hybrid model, where is the ideal ZK functionality. Our result of equivalence implies that all the known proven secure undeniable signature schemes (including Chaum's scheme) are UC-secure if the confirmation/disavowal protocols are both UC zero-knowledge.
Lower Bounds for Evolution Strategies Using VC-Dimension
Authors: Olivier Teytaud, Hervé Fournier
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: PPSN X (2008)

We derive lower bounds for comparison-based or selection-based algorithms, improving existing results in the continuous setting, and extending them to non-trivial results in the discrete case. This is achieved by considering the VC-dimension of the level sets of the fitness functions; results are then obtained through the use of Sauer's lemma. In the special case of optimization of the sphere function, improved lower bounds are obtained by bounding the possible number of sign conditions realized by some systems of equations.
Information Assurance the West Point Way
Authors: Dan Ragsdale, Don Welch, Ron Dodge
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2003)

Our duty as educators is to develop students who have the mental tools to make the right choices. We must teach ethics like we teach any other topic using the best educational techniques and assessing and evaluating student learning. We can match wits with an adversary only with an understanding of the way that adversary thinks. Disseminating attack knowledge widely does present some risk, but not nearly as much as leaving attack knowledge to the bad guys.
A Hybrid MCDM Method for Route Selection of Multimodal Transportation Network
Authors: Lili Qu, Yan Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks (2008)

Multimodal movements are those in which two or more different transportation modes are linked end-to-end in order to move freight and/or people from point of origin to point of destination. Computational efficiency required to select the path will be drastically deteriorated by increasing the number of traffic modes and terminals. With different goals, the minimization of cost, time, risk and unreliability, it is usually assumed that the route selection of multimodal transportation is a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem. On the basis of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and artificial neural network (ANN) theory, we set up a hybrid MCDM model. The proposed method makes the route selection system in multimodal transportation more comprehensive, scientific, fair and accurate.
Analytic Results on the Hodgkin-Huxley Neural Network: Spikes Annihilation
Authors: Dragos Calitoiu, John B. Oommen, Doron Nussbaum
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence on Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2007)

Various families of Neural Networks (NN) have been used in the study and development of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). More recently, the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) has attracted a fair bit of attention. Apart from the HH neuron possessing desirable "computing" properties, it also can be used to reasonably model biological phenomena, and in particular, in modeling neurons which are "synchronized/desynchronized". This paper, which we believe is a of pioneering sort, derives some of the analytic/learning properties of the HH neuron, and neural network.The HH Neuron is a nonlinear system with two equilibrium states: A fixed point and a limit cycle. Both of them co-exist and are stable. The behavior of this neuron can be switched between these two equilibria, namely spiking and resting respectively, by using a perturbation method. The change from spiking to resting is referred to as Spike Annihilation. In this paper, we analytically prove the existence of a brief excitation (input) which, when delivered to the HH neuron during its repetitively firing state, annihilates its spikes. We also formally derive the characteristics of this brief excitation. We thus believe that our analysis of the HH neuron has practical implications in clinical applications, especially in the case of the desynchronization of neuronal populations.
Scalable load-balance measurement for SPMD codes
Authors: Todd Gamblin, Bronis R. de Supinski, Martin Schulz, Rob Fowler, Daniel A. Reed
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2008)

Good load balance is crucial on very large parallel systems, but the most sophisticated algorithms introduce dynamic imbalances through adaptation in domain decomposition or use of adaptive solvers. To observe and diagnose imbalance, developers need system-wide, temporally-ordered measurements from full-scale runs. This potentially requires data collection from multiple code regions on all processors over the entire execution. Doing this instrumentation naively can, in combination with the application itself, exceed available I/O bandwidth and storage capacity, and can induce severe behavioral perturbations. We present and evaluate a novel technique for scalable, low-error load balance measurement. This uses a parallel wavelet transform and other parallel encoding methods. We show that our technique collects and reconstructs system-wide measurements with low error. Compression time scales sublinearly with system size and data volume is several orders of magnitude smaller than the raw data. The overhead is low enough for online use in a production environment.
A Class of Optimal Frequency Hopping Sequences Based upon the Theory of Power Residues
Authors: Daiyuan Peng, Tu Peng, Xiaohu Tang, Xianhua Niu
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Sequences and Their Applications (2008)

The average Hamming correlation is an important performance indicator of the frequency hopping sequences. In this paper, the theoretical bound on the average Hamming correlation for frequency hopping sequences is established. Besides, a new family of frequency hopping sequences is proposed and investigated. The construction of new frequency hopping sequences is based upon the theory of power residues, and the new frequency hopping sequences are called the power residue frequency hopping sequences. It is shown that new frequency hopping sequences are optimal with respect to both average Hamming correlation family and the optimal maximum Hamming correlation.
Motion composition for character animation
Authors: Petros Faloutsos
Venue:  (2007)

Motion composition is a motion synthesis approach which allows for the creation of new animations by joining together existing motion fragments. Because it preserves the naturalness and the richness of detail of the original motion capture animations, motion composition is becoming increasingly popular with the growing availability of motion capture data. In this dissertation, we present three novel motion synthesis techniques based on different composition strategies. First, we propose a method for incorporating unexpected impacts into motion-capture driven animations. This technique automatically generates a reaction to an impact by using physics-based simulation, and then switches to the most appropriate response clip selected from a motion capture library. By using motion capture jointly with dynamic simulation we obtain motions that are both physically valid and human-like. The second technique presented generates complex acrobatic motions that adhere to the laws of physics. Multi-flip jumps are created from single flip animations by rotating and composing together fragments of input motion while maintaining the property of momentum conservation. Our approach also allows an animator to interact with the system by introducing modifications to a ballistic phase of a motion. Our algorithm then automatically adjusts motion rotation, timing and trajectory, to assure physical validity of the motion after the modifications. In our approach, masses and inertia moments of the character's body parts, necessary for momentum computations, are computed directly from the data using a novel estimation method based on the conservation of linear momentum. To validate our approach we present the results of a study of user sensitivity to errors in angular momentum and take-off angle. The study shows that small changes of these parameters introduced by our method are not perceptible to a viewer. The final proposed method adopts a different approach&mdash;layering motions in time to obtain a multi-resolution effect. By synchronizing hand and full-body motions recorded in separate sessions, our technique creates character animations with detailed hand movement. In addition, we provide a method for supplying user input, which provides an animator with variable degree of control over the synchronization process.
DFKI-LT at QA@CLEF 2007
Authors: Bogdan Sacaleanu, Günter Neumann, Christian Spurk
Venue: Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval: 8th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 19-21, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2008)

In this paper we present our QA@CLEF 2007 version of Quantico, a cross-language open domain question answering (QA) system for German and English document collections. The main features of the system are: use of a preemptive off-line document annotation with linguistic information; online extraction of abbreviation-expansion pairs and appositional constructions for the answer extraction; use of online translation services for the crosslingual scenarios; use of redundancy as an indicator of good answer candidates; selection of the best answers based on distance metrics defined over graph representations of the answer's context. The results of evaluating the system's performance by QA@CLEF 2007 were as follows: for the German-German run we achieved an overall accuracy (ACC) of 30 %; for English-German 18.5 % (ACC); for German-English 7 % (ACC), for Spanish-English 10 % (ACC) and for the Portuguese-German run 7 % (ACC).