ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The impact on learning of generating vs. selecting descriptions in analyzing algebra example solutions
Authors: Albert Corbett, Angela Wagner, Sharon Lesgold, Harry Ulrich, Scott Stevens
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Self-explanation of worked examples is an effective strategy for student learning. This paper examines the impact on learning of self-generating explanations of worked examples vs. selecting them from a menu in an intelligent tutoring system. In this study, students describe the structure of algebraic models of real-world problem situations. In one tutor version students select their descriptions from menus and in a second version students type their explanations in their own words. In a third version menu-selection and self-generation are interleaved. In this condition the canonical menu entries may serve to scaffold self-generated descriptions. Students completed the problems fastest with the menu version and the students learned to both explain and generate the target algebraic models equally well in all versions. However, the type-in version led to more successful transfer to describing novel algebraic models of problem situations. The scaffolded version was the least successful of the three.
Automatic Classification System for Lumbar Spine X-ray Images
Authors: Soontharee Koompairojn, Kien A. Hua, Chutima Bhadrakom
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

Existing computer-based spinal stenosis diagnosis systems are not fully automatic. Their performance depends on the knowledge and experience of the user. Such a system is typically intended for specialists such as radiologists. We present in this paper a fully automatic system, more suitable for general practitioners for use in screening and initial diagnosis. To evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques, we build a system prototype with two environments -one for managing training images and building the classifiers, and the other environment for diagnosis use in practice. Our experimental results, based on an X-ray image database NHANES II available from the National Library of Medicine, indicates that the proposed system is effective for screening purpos
Scalable Recognition with a Vocabulary Tree
Authors: David Nister, Henrik Stewenius
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

A recognition scheme that scales efficiently to a large number of objects is presented. The efficiency and quality is exhibited in a live demonstration that recognizes CD-covers from a database of 40000 images of popular music CD's. The scheme builds upon popular techniques of indexing descriptors extracted from local regions, and is robust to background clutter and occlusion. The local region descriptors are hierarchically quantized in a vocabulary tree. The vocabulary tree allows a larger and more discriminatory vocabulary to be used efficiently, which we show experimentally leads to a dramatic improvement in retrieval quality. The most significant property of the scheme is that the tree directly defines the quantization. The quantization and the indexing are therefore fully integrated, essentially being one and the same. The recognition quality is evaluated through retrieval on a database with ground truth, showing the power of the vocabulary tree approach, going as high as 1 million images.
Multi-level Link Structure Analysis Technqiue for Detecting Link Farm Spam Pages
Authors: Tan Su Tung, Nor Adnan Yahaya, S. M. F. D. Syed Mustapha
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

Link based ranking algorithms have been adopted by most search engines in ranking the importance of web pages. As a majority of web accesses are through the use of search engines, web spammers have taken advantage of the vulnerability of link based ranking algorithms by creating many artificial references or links in order to acquire higher-than-deserved ranking in search engines' results which will generate higher traffic to their websites. Link farm spam refers to the technique used to create a network of heavy linked web pages for this purpose. In this paper, an algorithm using Multi-level Link Structure Analysis technique is proposed for detecting link farm spam pages. This algorithm is an enhancement to Seed and Parental Penalty algorithms proposed by Wu and Davison, 2005.
Optimization and beam control in large-emittance accelerators: neutrino factories
Authors: C. J. Johnstone, M. Berz, D. Errede, K. Makino
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 3 (2003)

Schemes for intense sources of high-energy muons require collection, rf capture, and transport of particle beams with unprecedented emittances, both longitudinally and transversely. These large emittances must be reduced or "cooled" both in size and in energy spread before the muons can be efficiently accelerated. Therefore, formation of muon beams sufficiently intense to drive a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider requires multi-stage preparation. Further, because of the large beam phase space which must be successfully controlled, accelerated, and transported, the major stages that comprise such a facility: proton driver, production, capture, phase rotation, cooling, acceleration, and storage are complex and strongly interlinked. Each of the stages must be consecutively matched and simultaneously optimized with upstream and downstream systems, meeting challenges not only technically in the optics and component design, but also in the modeling of both new and extended components. One design for transverse cooling, for example, employs meter-diameter solenoids to maintain strong focusing - 300-500 mr beam divergences - across ultra-large momentum ranges, /spl ges/ /spl plusmn/20% /spl delta/p/p, defying conventional approximations to the dynamics and field representation. To now, the interplay of the different systems and staging strategies has not been formally addressed. This work discusses two basic, but different approaches to a Neutrino Factory and how the staging strategy depends on beam parameters and method of acceleration.
Video Streaming over 3G Networks with GOP-Based Priority Scheduling
Authors: Yongjin Cho, Do-Kyoung Kwon, C.-C. Jay Kuo, Renxiang Huang, Claudio Lima, Jim D. Black, James J. Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

A bandwidth-efficient video streaming algorithm over the cdma2000 1x EV-DO network using GOP-based priority scheduling is proposed in this work. The proposed algorithm performs an application adaptation by considering the postchannel status to cope with the fluctuating wireless mobile radio channel. The peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) value and the number of buffer underflows at the mobile terminal (MT) are used as performance metrics to indicate the spatial and temporal quality of received video, respectively. It is demonstrated by computer simulation that the proposed priority scheduling algorithm adapts source bit rates of pre-encoded video streams to the bandwidth fluctuation of wireless channels well and yields satisfactory spatial and temporal video quality.
Agile customer engagement: a longitudinal qualitative case study
Authors: Geir Kjetil Hanssen, Tor Erlend Fægri
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering (2006)

In this longitudinal case study we have followed a small software product company that has turned from a waterfall-like process to evolutionary project management (Evo). The most prominent feature of the new process is the close engagement of customers. We have interviewed both internals and customers to investigate the practicalities, costs, gains and prerequisites of such a transition. We have gathered data from a period of two years covering four consecutive release projects using the new process and analyzed the material in detail. Our findings implicate that close customer engagement does give certain benefits but that it comes with a cost and needs careful attention to management.
A fast algorithm for modeling multiple bubbles dynamics
Authors: T. T. Bui, E. T. Ong, B. C. Khoo, E. Klaseboer, K. C. Hung
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2006)

This work presents the development of a numerical strategy that combines the fast Fourier transform on multipoles (FFTM) method and the boundary element method (BEM) to study the physics of multiple bubbles dynamics in moving boundary problems. The recent FFTM method can be employed to speedup the resolution of the boundary integral equation. However, one major drawback of the method is that its efficiency deteriorates quite significantly when the problem is spatially sparsely populated, as in the case where multiple bubbles are well separated. To overcome this deficiency, a new version of FFTM with clustering is proposed (henceforth called FFTM Clustering). The new algorithm first identifies and groups closely positioned bubbles. The original FFTM is then used to compute the potential contributions from the bubbles within its own group, while contributions from the other separated groups are evaluated via the multipole to local expansions translations operations directly. We tested the FFTM Clustering on several multiple bubble examples to demonstrate its effectiveness over the original FFTM method and vast improvement over the standard BEM. The high efficiency of the FFTM Clustering method allows us to simulate much larger multiple bubbles dynamics problems within reasonable time. Some physical behaviors of the multiple bubbles are also presented in this work.
Periodic motions and criteria of absolute stability, instability, and controllability of two-dimensional bilinear systems
Authors: V. N. Zhermolenko
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2006)

Two-dimensional time-varying linear systems under parametric interval uncertainty are studied. A variational method based on phase portrait is developed for investigating controllable systems. Analytical criteria for absolute stability, instability, and complete controllability are formulated. The complete controllability criterion is shown to be implied by the criteria of absolute stability and instability.
Using cache mapping to improve memory performance handheld devices
Authors: Rong Xu, Zhiyuan Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2004)

Processors such as the Intel StrongARM SA-1110 and the Intel XScale provide flexible control over the cache management to achieve better cache utilization. Programs can specify the cache mapping policy for each virtual page, i.e. mapping it to the main cache, the mini-cache, or neither. For the latter case, the page is marked as non-cacheable. In this paper, we use memory profiling to guide such page-based cache mapping. We model the cache mapping problem and prove that finding the optimal cache mapping is NP-hard. We then present a heuristic to select the mapping. Execution time measurement shows that our heuristics can improve the performance from 1% to 21% for a set of test programs. As a byproduct of performance enhancement, we also save the energy by 4% to 28%.
Learning simulation through team projects
Authors: Omer Tsimhoni, Changxu Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

For several years, team projects have been an integral part of the simulation course at the department of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan. We believe that team projects are an effective tool for learning how to perform simulation. In this paper, we present a brief summary of research on cooperative learning from the field of Education Research. Based on findings from that research, we present the procedure we follow in assigning, running, and evaluating team projects during an academic semester. We analyze students' responses to a survey on their preference and perceived value of the team project as conducted in this course.Two student papers, published in this conference, provide for examples of completed team projects.
IDE-LVO: An Intelligent Delivery Engine of Learning Virtual Objects for Complex Cooperative Environments
Authors: Ana M. Gonzalez de Miguel
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper presents the design of an Intelligent Delivery Engine (IDE) to facilitate the construction and consumption of Learning Virtual Objects (LVOs) in complex, large-scale Cooperative eLearning Environments (CeLEnv). The research work brings four main contributions to knowledge: a) our current explorations into AI and eLearning, b) the definition of a top-down CeLEnv analysis methodology, c) the design of LVO structures and, d) the design of the IDE-LVO architecture. The IDE serves to dynamically deliver LVOs using a special registry of structures. Basic, composite and cooperative LVOs can be created and registered using the CeLEnv methodology. The IDE delivers all these objects to either software platforms or final users, according to some CeLEnv specifications. The paper describes the core elements of the CeLEnv methodology and, the high level design of the IDE.
Towards a framework for network control composition
Authors: T. S. Eugene Ng, Hong Yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Internet network management (2006)

IP networks nowadays perform many functions in addition to best-effort datagram forwarding. These functions are typically achieved via an ad hoc combination of distributed protocols, database- and tool-driven router configurations, and manual configurations. In such an ad hoc system, it is difficult to anticipate any potential harmful interactions among the control functions or to provide any behavioral assurances.What kind of a framework will enable the composition of network control functions for sophisticated yet robust network control? Is it possible to have a framework in which each network control function is implemented as an independent application that runs on top of an operating platform, where the operating platform serves as an interface between the applications and the underlying network routers, provides services to facilitate the composition of applications, and ensures that network-wide operational invariants are not violated by the actions of the applications?Using an application example to illustrate, we discuss some challenges that underlie the design of such a potential operating platform. We hope this article will stimulate discussions on more principled approaches for network control composition.
Reduced load approximations for large-scale optical WDM networks offering multiclass services
Authors: Kalyan Kuppuswamy, Daniel C. Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

We propose an approximation method for performance analysis of large-scale optical WDM networks (comprising multiple interconnected optical WDM networks) that offer multiclass services. In such networks, lightpaths are dynamically set up and terminated between source and destination nodes in order to serve calls in various service classes, and these lightpaths traverse through a number of interconnected optical WDM networks that may be in different administrative domains. Each service class is characterized by its resource requirements (number of wavelengths needed for a call) and expected call holding time (or subscription period). We model the large-scale optical network as a two-level hierarchical multiclass loss network; the lower level of hierarchy consists of individual optical WDM networks (network segments). Each network segment is abstracted to a logical node at the higher level of hierarchy, and these logical nodes are connected through logical links. Then, we present a methodology of approximately computing per class end-to-end approximate blocking probabilities.
The influence of Fe concentration on Y3Al5-xFexO12 garnets
Authors: Y. F. Chen, K. T. Wu, Y. D. Yao, C. H. Peng, K. L. You, W. S. Tse
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

The polycrystalline Y"3Al"5"-"xFe"xO"1"2 compounds with 0=
Eye Society
Authors: J. Mallett
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

We describe a system of small wireless autonomous mobile cameras that operate as a group to solve machine vision tasks. Given sufficient on-board computing to do real-time scene analysis without external processing resources, these cameras enable us to investigate how scene understanding can be improved when each camera is independently capable of analyzing its own sensor data, and sharing information on what it sees with its fellow robots.
Ranking indirect connections in literature-based discovery: The role of medical subject headings: Research Articles
Authors: Don R. Swanson, Neil R. Smalheiser, Vetle I. Torvik
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2006)

Arrowsmith, a computer-assisted process for literature-based discovery, takes as input two disjoint sets of records (A, C) from the Medline database. It produces a list of title words and phrases, B, that are common to A and C, and displays the title context in which each B-term occurs within A and within C. Subject experts then can try to find A&ndash;B and B&ndash;C title-pairs that together may suggest novel and plausible indirect A&ndash;C relationships (via B-terms) that are of particular interest in the absence of any known direct A&ndash;C relationship. The list of B-terms typically is so large that it is difficult to find the relatively few that contribute to scientifically interesting connections. The purpose of the present article is to propose and test several techniques for improving the quality of the B-list. These techniques exploit the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) that are assigned to each input record. A MesH-based concept of literature cohesiveness is defined and plays a key role. The proposed techniques are tested on a published example of indirect connections between migraine and magnesium deficiency. The tests demonstrate how the earlier results can be replicated with a more efficient and more systematic computer-aided process. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Latent Dirichlet Co-Clustering
Authors: M. Mahdi Shafiei, Evangelos E. Milios
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining (2006)

We present a generative model for simultaneously clustering documents and terms. Our model is a four-level hierarchical Bayesian model, in which each document is modeled as a random mixture of document topics , where each topic is a distribution over some segments of the text. Each of these segments in the document can be modeled as a mixture of word topics where each topic is a distribution over words. We present efficient approximate inference techniques based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and a Moment-Matching algorithm for empirical Bayes parameter estimation. We report results in document modeling, document and term clustering, comparing to other topic models, Clustering and Co-Clustering algorithms including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Model-based Overlapping Clustering (MOC), Model-based Overlapping Co-Clustering (MOCC) and Information-Theoretic Co-Clustering (ITCC).
The Speed of Sight
Authors: C. Keysers, D.-K. Xiao, P. Földiák, D. I. Perrett
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

Macaque monkeys were presented with continuous rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) sequences of unrelated naturalistic images at rates of 14&ndash;222 msec/image, while neurons that responded selectively to complex patterns (e.g., faces) were recorded in temporal cortex. Stimulus selectivity was preserved for 65&percnt; of these neurons even at surprisingly fast presentation rates (14 msec/image or 72 images/sec). Five human subjects were asked to detect or remember images under equivalent conditions. Their performance in both tasks was above chance at all rates (14&ndash;111 msec/image). The performance of single neurons was comparable to that of humans and responded in a similar way to changes in presentation rate. The implications for the role of temporal cortex cells in perception are discussed.
Conventional and periodic N-grams in the transcription of drum sequences
Authors: J. K. Paulus, A. P. Klapuri
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

In this paper, we describe a system for transcribing polyphonic drum sequences from an acoustic signal to a symbolic representation. Low-level signal analysis is done with an acoustic model consisting of a Gaussian mixture model and a support vector machine. For higher-level modelling, periodic N-grams are proposed to construct a "language model" for music, based on the repetitive nature of musical structure. Also, a technique for estimating relatively long N-grams is introduced. The performance of N-grams in the transcription was evaluated using a database of realistic drum sequences from different genres and yielded a performance increase of 7.6 % compared to a the use of only prior (unigram) probabilities with the acoustic model.
Mobile Organic Certification (MobiCert) - A theoretical foundation for a practical project
Authors: Nhiem Lu, Paula Swatman
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Business (2006)

The Mobile Organic Certification (MobiCert) project investigates the use of Mobile Technology for primary producers in organic certification in remote and rural Australia. The goals of the MobiCert project are to create a theoretical model for mobile devicebased information access and provision and to develop and test a prototype mobile commerce interface for organic certification information access / provision in remote and rural areas. It is the pilot project in the SAmCom (Sustainable Agriculture m-Commerce) project framework, which aims to enhance the information access and provision for primary producers through m-Commerce. In this paper we present an overview of the organic certification world wide (especially in Australia) and the existing software solutions to aid primary producers; followed by the theoretical model for the MobiCert project, which will be validated during the next stage of the project.