ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Oyako de Science (Learning about science with parents): Developing an Educational Program for Scientific Experiments Using Cell Phones
Authors: Jun Nakahara, Etsuji Yamaguchi, Toshihisa Nishimori, Toshio Mochizuki, Mai Nakano, Yutaka Furuta, Seiji Sekine, Junichi Ofusa, Yuhei Yamauchi
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2006)

This papers reports on the development of an educational program, consisting mainly of scientific experiments for elementary school children of the third to fifth grade together with their parents. The program is titled "Oyako de Science: Learning about Science with Parents (OYAKO)" Under the OYAKO program a child learns about the subject "light" for three weeks. The program consists of: 1) experiments by children and their parents together, 2) experiments by the children alone, 3) documentation using workbooks or drills. In the OYAKO program cell phones are used as tools to elicit from the parents, what we consider to be "the engagement of parents in their children's learning." We expect that with the participation of parents and thus their engagement in their child's education.
Neural Correlates of Attentional Capture in Visual Search
Authors: Jan De Fockert, Geraint Rees, Chris Frith, Nilli Lavie
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Much behavioral research has shown that the presence of a unique singleton distractor during a task of visual search will typically capture attention and thus disrupt target search. Here we examined the neural correlates of such attentional capture using functional magnetic resonance imaging in human subjects during performance of a visual search task. The presence (vs. absence) of a salient yet irrelevant color singleton distractor was associated with activity in the superior parietal cortex and frontal cortex. These findings imply that the singleton distractor induced spatial shifts of attention despite its irrelevance, as predicted from an AC account. Moreover, behavioral interference by singleton distractors was strongly and negatively correlated with frontal activity. These findings provide direct evidence that the frontal cortex is involved in control of interference from irrelevant but attention-capturing distractors.
Translation between XML-Based Rights Expressions Using UML and Relational Models
Authors: Silvia Llorente, Jaime Delgado, Ruben Barrio, Xavier Maronas
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (2006)

Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems interoperability is needed in order to be able to support different business models on different distribution channels. There are several steps to be taken for providing interoperability. We have decided to take as a first step the translation of rights expressions from language to language. This translation will allow cross content consumption between different DRM systems and devices, permitting to users to buy a content governed with rights expressions written in one language and supported by a DRM system and consume it in a different DRM system supporting a different language.
Triple Space Computing Middleware for Semantic Web Services
Authors: Omair Shafiq, Reto Krummenacher, Francisco Martin-Recuerda, Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE on International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (2006)

Triple Space Computing is a communication and coordination paradigm based on the convergence of space-based computing and the Semantic Web. It acts as a global space like middleware to enable communication and coordination based on the principle of publish and read of semantic data. This paper presents overall architecture and its components description to realize the Triple Space Computing. It then presents that how the architecture can act as a middleware to be used by Semantic Web Services as communication paradigm to improve the communication.
Auditory Priming within and across Modalities: Evidence from Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Rajendra D. Badgaiyan, Daniel L. Schacter, Nathaniel M. Alpert
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1999)

Previous neuroimaging studies of perceptual priming have reported priming-related decreases in the extrastriate cortex. However, because these experiments have used visual stimuli, it is unclear whether the observed decreases are associated specifically with some aspect of visual perceptual processing or with more general aspects of priming. We studied within-and cross-modality priming using an auditory word stem completion paradigm. Positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained during stem completion and a fixation task. Within-modality auditory priming was associated with blood flow decreases in the extrastriate cortex (bilateral), medial/right anterior prefrontal cortex, right angular gyrus, and precuneus. In cross-modality priming, the study list was presented visually, and subjects completed auditory word stems. Cross-modality priming was associated with trends for blood flow decreases in the left angular gyrus and increases in the medial/right anterior prefrontal cortex. Results thus indicate that reduced activity in the extrastriate cortex accompanies within-modality priming in both visual and auditory modalities.
Wavelet interpolation: from orthonormal to the oversampled wavelet transform
Authors: N. Erdol, Feng Bao, Zajing Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

The orthonormal wavelet transform is an efficient method of signal representation since there is no redundancy in its expression, but due to aliasing in the decimation stage it lacks the often desired property of shift invariance. On the other hand, the oversampled or nonorthogonal wavelet offers a finer resolution in translation; thus reducing the effect of shift of origin, it is more robust to changes in the initial phase of the signal. In some areas of signal processing, such as wideband correlation processing, sensitivity to time alignment necessitates the use of the nonorthogonal wavelet transform. The price paid for the advantage of robustness to shifting is the introduction of redundancy in the expression. In many applications, both of these properties are needed in different stages of signal processing. Thus there is a need to know the conditions under which the redundant and nonorthonormal wavelet transform coefficients can be derived from the orthonormal wavelet transform coefficients. The answer provides us with a convenient way to switch between these two forms: the orthonormal wavelet for efficient expression, and the nonorthogonal one whenever it is necessary for feature extraction. Alternatives to implementation of the translation axis oversampling by using filter banks are also suggested.
Communication and Interaction in Machine Mediated Multimodal Learning Systems: Some Design Issues
Authors: Roger Hartley
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Communication in learning systems not only involves structured content but affect and empathy to assist the delivery of meaning and to sustain engagement. In multimodal presentations gestures can be used to reinforce these attributes and provide semantic integration of the visual and verbal modalities. We report on comparative studies between different presentation formats employing gestures, and their influence on learning comprehension. In contrast, for online multimodal simulations, computing systems have to take more active and knowledgeable roles to support interactions in ways that provide an adaptive framework for engagement and reflective discussion. A simulation project directed at decision making skills is used to focus on these design issues.
Segmentation of fMRI Data by Maximization of Region Contrast
Authors: Pinaki S. Mitra, Vanathi Gopalakrishnan, Rebecca L. McNamee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

Functional segmentation of an fMRI image is the partitioning of the image voxels into clumps that are comodulated by task-related neural activation or other processes. This grouping of voxels can be useful for exploratory analysis and for detection of signal artifacts that can confound regression-based analysis. We present a new method for functional segmentation that is based upon maximization of the contrast of an image-region with respect to its spatial neighborhood. Contrast maximization is an appealing approach since it does not require imagespecific tuning of parameters, as with many clustering approaches. With synthetic benchmark datasets, the accuracy of this Auto-threshold Contrast Enhancing Iterative Clustering (ACEIC) method compares favorably with that of Probabilistic ICA, which is a popular method used for detection of functional groupings of voxels. We also show that functional segmentation of in vivo datasets with ACEIC can provide insights into the results from conventional analysis.
Technical Reviews in Agile Development: Case Mobile-D^TM
Authors: Henrik Hedberg, Juha Iisakka
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Agile software development methods are product-oriented, whereas technical reviews belong to the process-oriented world. The aim of this study was to find out if technical reviews are usable and valuable in the context of agile software development. Based on the literature, it seems that there are agile methods that explicitly contain technical reviews in some form, while others are more against them. The case study was based on experiences gathered during an agile project using the Mobile-D^TM development method. It was found that there are many potential targets for technical reviews in agile development. The main contribution was acceptance test reviews, which improved the product quality and knowledge transfer between team members. However, the actual need and usefulness depends on the requirements of the product and the process used.
SIGEST
Authors: The Editors
Venue: SIAM Review (2005)

How do fish in a mountain stream, or bacteria in our intestines, continue to survive upstream, against a current? Why aren’t they washed out, eventually leading to their extinction? This "drift paradox"the persistence of organisms which cannot "swim" against the current, yet live upstreamis part of "spatial ecology," the study of how populations of living organisms interact with the geometry and topography of their physical environment. The SIGEST selection in this issue, from the SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, makes groundbreaking contributions in the area of spatial ecology, including an enhanced explanation of the drift paradox. The selected paper is "The Effect of Dispersal Patterns on Stream Populations," by Frithjof Lutscher, Elizaveta Pachepsky, and Mark Lewis. As the title suggests, the paper analyzes the movement and persistence of populations in streams that can include single directional flows. This category covers a wide variety of applications, ranging from flora and fauna in rivers, to bacteria in the human digestive system, to fish in streams, just to name a few. In some cases, ecologists may be aiming to understand how to enhance survival of the population; in other cases, such as invading species, they may be aiming to understand how to prevent the population from surviving. The contribution of this paper is the modeling and analysis of the dispersal of populations in streams under a considerably more complex and realistic set of conditions than had previously been analyzed. The conditions covered by the analysis include both population growth (e.g., through reproduction) and movement of the existing population by two different methods, gradual flow and long-distance changes. The incorporation of the long-distance changes is particularly important and leads to different conclusions than had previously been reached without including this condition. In particular, the authors address and explain the drift paradox, showing that populations always can persist under high flow rates, provided the frequency of rare long-distance dispersal events is sufficient. The coverage of this range of conditions requires the authors to formulate and analyze an integrodifferential equations model, as opposed to the purely partial differential equation model that had been used in previous analysis under simpler conditions. The theory required to analyze this type of model is more difficult and is developed for the first time in this paper. The issues that are successfully investigated, under a variety of different conditions, include the minimal stream size necessary for the population to sustain itself, and the maximum stream flow under which the population can survive. The paper is very nicely written, with explanations embedded throughout it that help make it understandable to the nonexpert. It truly is an example of applied mathematics at its best: important new mathematics, leading to understanding of important applications, conducted by a team of applied mathematicians and application scientists.
On Optimizing Backoff Counter Reservation and Classifying Stations for the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Wireless LANs
Authors: Yang Xiao, Frank Haizhon Li, Kui Wu, Kin K. Leung, Qiang Ni
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel contention-based protocol called backoff counter reservation and classifying stations (BCR-CS) for the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF). In the proposed scheme, each station has three states: idle, reserved, and contentious. A station is in the idle state if it has no frame ready to transmit. A station is in the reserved state if it has a frame ready to transmit and this frame's backoff counter has been successfully announced through the previous successfully transmitted frame so that other stations know this information. A station is in the contentious state if it has a frame ready to transmit, but this frame's backoff counter has not been successfully announced to other stations. All the stations in the idle state, the reserved state, and the contentious state form an idle group, a reserved group, and a contentious group, respectively. Two backoff schemes are proposed in the BCR-CS protocol based on the number of stations in the contentious group including the optimal pseudo-p-persistent scheme. The proposed schemes are compared with the DCF and the Enhanced Collision Avoidance (ECA) scheme in the literature. Extensive simulations and some analytical analysis are carried out. Our results show that all proposed schemes outperform both the DCF and the ECA, and the BCR-CS with optimal pseudo-p-persistent scheme is the best scheme among the four schemes.
Empirical Assessment of Test-First Approach
Authors: Liang Huang, Mike Holcombe
Venue: Proceedings of the Testing: Academic & Industrial Conference on Practice And Research Techniques (2006)

The Test-First approach, which is based on an iterative process of "setting up test cases, implementing the functionality, and having all test cases passed", has been put forward for decades however knowledge on Test-First approach is limited. This research abstract states the limitations that previous studies in this area have, describes a controlled experiment with undergraduate students in the context of Sheffield Software Engineering Observatory (SSEO) environment to investigate the distinction between Test-First and Test-Last approach (traditional approach), presents research questions and hypotheses set up before the experiment from the quality and productivity perspective, and expounds methods of data collection and validation.
Using Blueprints for Engineering Electronic Market Services
Authors: Dirk Neumann, Carsten Holtmann, Christof Weinhardt
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE on International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (2006)

The institution of 'electronic markets as services' needs careful design. In this context, Market Engineering provides a structured design process that guides the market designer in this demanding task. In analogy to the engineering design process, the design stage of the Market Engineering process is decomposed into four major phases being the conceptual design, embodiment design, detail design and implementation. While the conceptual design phase is concerned with the formulization of the problem and the search for abstract solutions, the embodiment design refines the abstract concepts to blueprints that serve as a representation format for further design steps. So far, there was no applicable service blueprinting approach for market engineering. The paper illustrates that protocol diagrams from Agent UML (an UML extension) can serve as the basis for powerful modeling technique for blueprints of electronic market services.
Data and metadata requirements for composable mission space environments
Authors: Katherine L. Morse
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

Composability is the capability to select and assemble reusable simulation components in various combinations into simulation systems to meet user requirements. The Defense Modeling and Simulation Office's Composable Mission Space Environments program, seeks to develop concepts, technologies, and processes to enable the rapid, efficient, and flexible assembly of simulation systems from components. A workshop was held to examine the current state of composability, refine its definitions and intentions, identify capabilities and technologies needed to support practical composability, and propose research objectives and programmatic initiatives to move towards the goals of the Composable Mission Space Environments (CMSE) program. Approximately 35 experts from government, industry, and academia participated in four working groups (WGs). This paper reports the findings and recommendations of the Data and Metadata WG. The WG identified the crucial functions served by metadata descriptions of components in composable development, specified attributes of the components to be represented in the metadata, and sketched a high level concept of operations describing the roles and relationships of metadata stakeholders. This paper also reports the recommendations of all of the WGs for future actions in support of composability.
Analysing Processes of Learning Reading and Writing in a Computer-Integrated Classroom
Authors: Andreas Lingnau, Ulrich Hoppe
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

Software for supporting pupils in learning reading and writing skills is very often less productive than expected. A main reason for this is that pupils who are not able to read and write do not succeed in using complex software environments which are furthermore very often designed like old-fashioned tutoring systems. Taking the results from the EU founded project NIMIS as a starting point for a Ph.D. thesis [1], in this paper an approach to analyse writing products of German first graders who use a phonetic based method to learn reading and writing skills will be presented. From these analysis results a learner model is build which maps the knowledge level a child has reached in the process of phonetic writing.
A Multi-Expert System to Classify Fluorescent Intensity in Antinuclear Autoantibodies Testing
Authors: Paolo Soda, Giulio Iannello
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

Indirect Immunofluorescence is the recommended method for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) detection. IIF diagnosis requires estimating fluorescent intensity and pattern description, but resources and adequately trained personnel are not always available for these tasks. In this respect, an evident medical demand is the development of computer aided diagnosis tools that can offer a support to physician decision. In this paper we propose a system to classify the fluorescent intensity: initially we discuss two classifiers based on Artificial Neural Networks that can recognize intrinsically dubious samples and whose error tolerance can be flexibly set according to a given rule. Since such classifiers complement one other, we adopt a Multiple Expert System that aggregates the two experts. The final decision of the system results from the combination of the outputs of the single experts. Measured performance shows error rates less than 1%, which candidates the method to be used in daily medical practice.
Parameter optimization for biometric fingerprint recognition using genetic algorithms
Authors: Tobias Scheidat, Andreas Engel, Claus Vielhauer
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th workshop on Multimedia and security (2006)

In this paper, we suggest an optimization approach for fingerprint authentication using genetic algorithms. Our application was planned so that it can be used without great effort for different biometric systems. Instead of estimating the required parameters as in the case of some methods, here they are determined with the help of genetic algorithms. Our own test database consists of 1200 fingerprints of 12 persons. For the confirmation of the results, which were found out with this test set, the databases of the Fingerprint Verification Contests of the years 2000, 2002 and 2004 were examined in addition. In the best case an improvement in the recognition performance of 38% could be observed.
An unsupervised anomaly detection framework for multiple-connection based network intrusions
Authors: Wei Lu
Venue:  (2006)

In this dissertation, we propose an effective and efficient online unsupervised anomaly detection framework. The framework consists of new anomalousness metrics, named IP Weight, and a new hybrid clustering algorithm, named I-means. IP Weight metrics provide measures of anomalousness of IP packet flows on networks. A simple classification of network intrusions consists of distinguishing between single-connection based attacks and multiple-connection based attacks. The IP weight metrics proposed in this work characterize specifically multiple-connection based attacks. The definition of specific metrics for single-connection based attacks is left for future work. The I-means algorithm combines mixture resolving, a genetic algorithm automatically estimating the optimal number of clusters for a set of data, and the k-means algorithm for clustering. Three sets of experiments are conducted to evaluate our new unsupervised anomaly detection framework. The first experiment empirically validates that IP Weight metrics reduce dimensions of feature space characterizing IP packets at a level comparable with the principal component analysis technique. The second experiment is an offline evaluation based on 1998 DARPA intrusion detection dataset. In the offline evaluation, we compare our framework with three other unsupervised anomaly detection approaches, namely, plain k-means clustering, univariate outlier detection and multivariate outlier detection. Evaluation results show that the detection framework based on I-means yields the highest detection rate with a low false alarm rate. Specifically, it detects 18 types of attacks out of a total of 19 multiple-connection based attack types. The third experiment is an online evaluation in a live networking environment. The evaluation result not only confirms the detection effectiveness observed with the DARPA dataset, but also shows a good runtime efficiency, with response times falling within few seconds ranges.