ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The role of the computer auditor in information systems development(Panel Discussion)
Authors: James F Hubbert, Earl C Joseph, Walter G Wohlgemuth
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

The computer auditor is a business data processing professional with special concerns and responsibilities. He reviews the work of analysts and programmers with an emphasis on system controls. He also reviews the effectiveness of data processing centers. In the future, he will probably play a significant role in new system design. The panel will discuss the profession of computer auditing.
Extracting meaningful handwriting features with fuzzy aggregation method
Authors: A. Malaviya, L. Peters
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

Recognition methods use different features to assign a pattern to a prototype class. The recognition accuracy strongly depends on the selected features. We present a novel fuzzy methodology to extract appropriate fuzzy features from the handwriting data. From these meaningful features a set of linguistic rules are derived which in turn constitute a fuzzy rule base for character recognition. The fuzzy features are confined to their meaningfulness with the help of a multistage feature aggregation scheme.
Managing the consequences of DP turnover: A human resources planning perspective
Authors: Kathryn M. Bartol, David C. Martin
Venue: The Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Computer Personnel on Research Conference (1983)

This paper argues that there are both positive and negative consequences associated with turnover in the data processing field. In order to maximize the positive consequences, data processing managers must analyze employees in terms of a quality-replaceability matrix. This matrix helps to determine what further managerial actions are necessary in order to have appropriate human resources to meet the data processing needs of the organization. High turnover has become endemic to the data processing field. Willoughby (1977) has estimated that annual turnover in the data processing field ranged between 15 and 20 percent during the 1960's, declined to about 5 percent in the early 1970's, and began to rise again by the end of the decade. A 1979 Datamation study (McLaughlin, 1979) showed the rate of DP personnel turnover to be about 28 percent annually. Even in the midst of the recent economic recession, Gray (1982) estimated DP turnover at 15 pecent annually. While the persistent high levels of turnover among data processing personnel have been widely discussed (e.g., Cherlin, 1981; Gray, 1982; and McLaughlin, 1979), the turnover statistics have mainly been viewed in terms of their negative implications. Indeed, there are a number of potentially negative results associated with high personnel turnover. However, recent research suggests that turnover may also have positive results (Mobley, 1982; Steers and Mowday, 1981; Staw, 1980). The purpose of this paper is to assess what DP managers can do to manage turnover in such a way that the positive effects are maximized and the negative effects are minimized. In any discussion of managing turnover, it must be recognized that some turnover is unavoidable. Obvious examples of unavoidable turnover are retirements, promotions, and seasonal help. Employees also leave organizations for a number of personal reasons, such as job transfer of spouse or relocation necessitated by family illness, which are largely beyond the control of the manager. Successfully managing turnover requires the manager to concentrate his or her efforts on turnover that the manager has a high probability of influencing. Hence this paper discusses turnover that is potentially avoidable through appropriate managerial action.
A machine for information retrieval
Authors: A. El Masri, J. Rohmer, D. Tusera
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth workshop on Computer architecture for non-numeric processing (1978)

The described machine was conceived especially for nonnumeric computation. The possible applications are: - content and structures recognition in texts - language translation - modification of files format - etc... The first application of the machine will be &ldquo;A library file query system&rdquo;. The library file is available on a 300 Mbyte disk. The proposed query language allows to ask questions which may be rather imprecise (with spelling mistakes or with missing words in sentences) and complicated with predicates containing logical expressions about the existence of words or words sequences.
Application of shape-preserving spline interpolation to interactive editing of photogrammetric data
Authors: L. E. Deimel,  Jr., C. L. Doss,  II, R. J. Fornaro, D. F. McAllister, J. A. Roulier
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1978)

The Integrated Photogrammetric Instrument Network (IPIN) is being designed and developed by the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center in St. Louis, Mo. to meet database demands for terrain elevation information. IPIN is a network of computers and instrumentation dedicated to digitizing and editing photo-source terrain data [1]. Editing procedures are required because of digitizing errors inherent in the data-collection process. Some of these errors are random; others are systematic and predictable. The techniques of one of the editing procedures being developed may find application elsewhere. The procedure of interest here involves smoothing raw data that have been collected by the operator of an analytical stereoplotter. When digitizing geomorphic features from aerial stereophotographs, the double-line drain (DLD) presents special problems. The digitizing of a DLD (a relatively broad river or stream) requires specifying trlples (x,y,z) (latitude, longitude, elevation) at points spaced along the length of each shoreline. The drain boundaries thus collected usually have acceptable latitude and longitude values. The elevation values, however, require smoothing.
Z - the 95% program editor
Authors: Steven R. Wood
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1981)

Recently much attention has been focused on structure-oriented program editors that have specific knowledge about the syntax and semantics of a particular programming language [1, 4, 5, 18]. These editors provide many desirable features for editing programs. However, the user interface is constrained by the syntax and semantics of the target language, and editing operations that are simple in a text editor can be quite complicated in a structure-oriented editor. In addition, the user has an editor that is limited to a single language and must use a different editor for text editing. Existing implementations of structure-oriented editors use a parse-tree representation for a program along with a supporting lexical analyzer, parser, and pretty-printer; this representation significantly complicates the implementation of an editor. We believe that the most natural representation of programs is text and that the editor should be able to take advantage of the same visual cues that programmers use to understand their programs. With a text-oriented model of program structure, the editor is both a program editor and a document editor. As a program editor it provides features to support many different programming languages, such as LISP, APL, PASCAL, and BLISS. As a document editor it provides basic word-processing functions such as text justification and spelling correction. A text orientation considerably simplifies the design of the editor and presents the user with a simple but powerful model of program structure. This paper describes a text-oriented display editor called Z. Z is the production editor in the Yale Computer Science Department.
Evaluation of parallel execution of program tree structures
Authors: Ph. Mussi, Ph. Nain
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1984)

We define and evaluate two policies (NA-policy, A-policy) for parallel execution of program tree structures. Via a probabilistic model we analytically determine, for each policy, the Laplace-Stieltjes transform for the tree processing time distribution. The acceleration of the program execution time achieved when adding processors to a single processor environment, is computed and plotted for each policy.
A software test documentation standard
Authors: David Gelperin
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Systems documentation (1982)

Software testing (i.e. the process of analyzing the effectiveness and structure of a software item) has two major objectives: 1) to identify the differences between existing and required conditions (i.e. to detect bugs) and 2) to enable the risk of software failure to be accurately estimated. An assessment of risk entails the following steps: 1) Determine the testing results. Which tests succeeded and which failed? 2) Determine the scope and comprehensiveness of the testing process. What testing was done and what testing was not done? 3) Estimate the risk of failure as a function of the test results, the comprehensiveness determination, and past experience with similar products and processes. While the risk function used by a developer and the one used by an acquirer may be different, both functions will require comprehensive data to estimate accurately. Risk assessment requires comprehensive test documentation. Such documentation records the plans, designs and results of the software testing process. This record makes testing tangible and permits the process to be managed, and evaluated. Comprehensive documentation enables effective communication, coordination and control. By providing visibility, test documentation enables evaluation of the software and the testing process itself. Evaluation might be made by a developer, an acquirer, a user, an auditor, or a participant in the legal system. Test documentation has many potential users.
Geo-coding&mdash;an application in a local governmental information system
Authors: Alan C. Richter
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

Across the nation, local governments of suburban communities surrounding major central cities are facing several basic problems: (1) a tremendous explosion in the development of land that is creating chaos in the record keeping and handling systems of these local governmental entities. This is primarily due to the sheer increase in volume; (2) the increasing population of these suburban areas is becoming more affluent, its tax rates are increasing rapidly, and is expecting more and better governmental service to enhance its standard of living.
The use of microcomputers in an applied computer science program
Authors: Curt M. White
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1983)

The use of microcomputers in an undergraduate computer science program may be handled in several ways. One approach is to first teach the use of a microcomputer followed by the design of a microcomputer system, and then to send the students out to recommend and install a complete microcomputer system for some organization in the community. In this way, not only do the students learn how to program a microcomputer, but they also learn the internals of the microcomputer, the design of a microcomputer system, the assembly language on a microcomputer, and a final, total application of all their knowledge to a real life situation. We feel this greatly improves upon the common combination of lectures and programming assignments with realistic microcomputer system design and implementation.
Data transmission over FDM/FM troposcatter systems
Authors: Leang P. Yeh
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Problems in the optimization of data communications systems (1969)

There are more than one hundred troposcatter systems of various sizes in existence all over the world.1 As the transmission of computer data becomes more and more in common and popular demand, such systems are certain to be involved in these services. Two methods are generally used for transmitting data over troposcatter channels: direct transmission and FDM/FM technique. In the latter, the individual data channels are combined into an FDM baseband to frequency or phase modulate a common radio carrier&mdash;the same technique used conventionally for the carrier transmission of multiplex telephone channels. In this study, only FDM/FM techniques are investigated as it is of immediate and primary interest. It was found that both theoretically and experimentally, troposcatter systems can support data transmission of various rates from 2.4 to 40.8 kbps for path lengths of nominally from 100 to 400 statute miles in smooth earth geometry with diversity reception, if proper path and equipment parameters were chosen.
Avoiding deadlock in distributed data bases
Authors: W. W. Chu, G. Ohlmacher
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference - Volume 1 (1974)

Deadlock prevention mechanisms and a deadlock protection mechanism for distributed data base systems are presented. The notion of process sets used in preventing deadlock is introduced. Examples are given to illustrate these methods for avoiding file deadlock in computer networks.
Software engineering for user interfaces
Authors: Stephen W. Draper, Donald A. Norman
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Software engineering (1984)

The discipline of Software Engineering can be extended in a natural way to deal with the issues raised by a systematic approach to the design of human-machine interfaces. Two main points are made: that the user should be treated as part of the system being designed, and that projects should be organized to take account of the current (small) state of a priori knowledge about how to design interfaces. Because the principles of good user-interface design are not yet well specified (and not yet known), interfaces should be developed through an iterative process. This means that it is essential to develop tools for evaluation and debugging of the interface, much the same way as tools have been developed for the evaluation and debugging of program code. We need to develop methods of detecting bugs in the interface and of diagnosing their cause. The tools for testing interfaces should include measures of interface performance, acceptance tests, and benchmarks. Developing useful measures is a non-trivial task, but a start can and should be made.
Introduction to SIMULA: A tutorial
Authors: W. R. Franta
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1981)

This tutorial first presents the essentials of the SIMULA language, next gives the particulars of the simulation support system which has been realized using the language (and has become synonymous with the language) and concludes with an example (sample model) program drawn from the realm of local networks.
Mechanical design automation in IBM Poughkeepsie
Authors: Gilbert W. Curl,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

The IBM Poughkeepsie mechanical design system reduces the cost and time to design and release mechanical parts during the product development cycle. The system uses an interactive graphics design program, CADAM*, and integrates complementary applications driven from the common mechanical design data base. The applications include: 1. Synchronization of the graphics data base with the bill of material data base. 2. Automated power cabling design and checking. 3. Release of mechanical designs using a computer network.
Optimization by simulated annealing: A preliminary computational study for the TSP
Authors: Christopher C. Skiścim, Bruce L. Golden
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter Simulation - Volume 2 (1983)

In recent papers by Kirkpatrick et al.(1982,1983), an analogy between the statistical mechanics of large multivariate physical systems and combinatorial optimization is presented and used to develop a general strategy for solving discrete optimization problems. The method relies on probabilistically accepting intermediate increases in the objective function through a set of user-controlled parameters. It is argued that by taking such controlled uphill steps, from time to time, a high quality solution can be found in a moderate amount of computer time. This paper applies an implementation of the proposed algorithm to the TSP for various size networks. The results show the algorithm to be inferior to several well-known heuristics in terms of both solution quality and computer time expended. In addition, set-up time for parameter selection constitutes a major burden for the user. Sensitivity of the algorithm to changes in stopping rules and parameter selection is demonstrated through extensive computational experiments.
Continuations and coroutines
Authors: Christopher T. Haynes, Daniel P. Friedman, Mitchell Wand
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on LISP and functional programming (1984)

The power of first class continuations is demonstrated by implementing a variety of coroutine mechanisms using only continuations and functional abstraction. The importance of general abstraction mechanisms such as continuations is discussed.
Monotonic generation of positive random variables
Authors: Louis R. Moore
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1983)

This paper presents methods to invert efficiently the distribution function of an arbitrary positive random variable. Such methods preserve the monotonic relationship between the random variable and the uniform deviate which generates it. This relationship is necessary to reduce the variance of an estimator in simulation experiments. For discrete distributions, an indexed search method is employed utilizing variable spaced cutpoints. For continuous distributions, a piecewise continuous increasing quadratic spline is fit to prespecified values of the inverse distribution function. The index number of the piece is then generated by the indexed search method. The spacing of the cutpoints for the search is chosen to minimize the expected number of comparisons required per variate generated.
How come COM?
Authors: Edrice Reynolds
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1977)

Recent journal articles have speculated on the slow but steady growth of the C0M industry. My own unscientific guess is that it's too straightforward, too simple, too easy to understand. In the world of computers and computer people, it's the overly complex that seems to &ldquo;sell.&rdquo; In the past few years two major forces have caused C0M cbarbelow;omputer obarbelow;utput mbarbelow;icrofilm) to come into the spotlight: paper shortages with rising prices, and the sometimes cumbersome, costly results of putting too much &ldquo;on-line.&rdquo;
The University of South Carolina Computer Science Institute
Authors: D. J. Codespoti, J. C. Bays
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1980)

The continuing deficit of computer related specialties is a cause for concern in the state of South Carolina. This deficit could be reduced if the two and four year colleges in the state offered more computer related courses to their students. Most of these colleges lack the appropriately trained faculty. In an effort to retrain existing faculty, a University of South Carolina Computer Science Institute was established in the Summer, 1979. The primary goals of the Institute are to upgrade the computer science competency of existing faculty, to utilize these newly trained faculty members to meet local demand for undergraduate instruction in computer related courses, and to conduct the Institute in a manner that allows statewide cooperation. Thus, participating colleges, knowing their own needs, will be able to integrate computer related courses into their programs of study. The larger colleges will be able to offer Baccalaureate programs with a major in computer science, and the smaller ones can offer two year certificate or training programs.
Social aspects and responsibilities (A Panel Session): Computers in advanced defense systems
Authors: D. R. Brown, C. C. Abt, A. W. Jacobson, E. C. Berkeley
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

THE DEVELOPMENT of large-scale, electronic, digital computers in the United States has been sponsored primarily by the federal government, and within the government, primarily for defense. Although a large non-defense market for large-scale computers has grown up since the ENIAC was developed to compute firing tables, defense needs continue to stimulate developments for greater speed, capacity, and reliability. Today, a military need is for advanced computers for command-and-control systems&mdash;for large computers in ground-based networks, for airborne computers, and for computers in space.
A knowledge based approach to VLSI CAD the redesign system
Authors: Louis I. Steinberg, Tom M. Mitchell
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques offer one possible avenue toward new CAD tools to handle the complexities of VLSI. This paper summarizes the experience of the Rutgers AI/VLSI group in exploring applications of AI to VLSI design over the past three years. In particular, it summarizes our experience in developing REDESIGN, a knowledge-based system for providing interactive aid in the functional redesign of digital circuits. Given a desired change to the function of a circuit, REDESIGN combines rule-based knowledge of design tactics with its ability to analyze signal propagation through circuits, in order to (1) help the user focus on an appropriate portion of the circuit to redesign, (2) suggest local redesign alternatives, and (3) determine side effects of possible redesigns. We also summarize our more recent research toward constructing a knowledge-based system for VLSI design and a system for chip debugging, both based on extending the techniques developed for the REDESIGN system.
TABRA - a projective test for computer personnel research. (Preliminary Report.)
Authors: Lucy Zabarenko, George F. Badger,  Jr., Ellen B. Williams
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth annual SIGCPR conference (1970)

In their summary of research on the selection and evaluation of computer personnel, Mayer and Stalnaker (1968) cited five areas in which substantive research was needed. One of these was development of &ldquo;new observational techniques especially into the personality characteristics&rdquo; of computer personnel. They also stated: &ldquo;Two relatively large studies have been made into the personality of programmers, but neither has been published. Both, however, tend to indicate that the programmer has a differentiable personality just as he was found to have a universal interest pattern.&rdquo; These findings enhanced our interest in assessing the role of personality factors in computer work. We have been concerned with emotional responses to computers, and especially those feelings which affect the individual's ability to learn and deal with the machines. The goal of this inquiry was to gather information which might be of use not only in the selection of personnel for training, but also to assist computer users and those designing training programs.