ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
HTTP redirection for replica catalogue lookups in data grids
Authors: Heinz Stockinger, Andrew Hanushevsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2002)

Data distribution and replication in distributed systems require special purpose middleware tools for accessing replicated data. Data Grids, special forms of systems distributed over wide-area networks, need to handle data management issues like distribution and replication of large amounts of data in the Tera- and Petabyte scale. Replica catalogues are used for cataloguing and locating replicated files in distributed sites all around the globe. We present a novel and administratively scalable approach for distributing a replica catalogue and resolving file location information by using HTTP redirection. HTTP redirection servers managing local file catalogues allow for greater flexibility and local file management autonomy whereas a global replica catalogue provides the necessary mapping of logical files to individual sites. By distributing the catalogues a site can autonomously move files for load balancing within a site without notifying a global replica catalogue. Our approach scales well in terms of catalogue administration to a large number of sites and file entries and thus establishes a powerful middleware service. We present the design and implementation of our catalogue redirection servers and report on promising experimental results.
Database Performance Tuning Handbook, with CD-ROM
Authors: Jeff Dunham
Venue:  (1997)

:Database administrators, programmers, system programmers, and technical specialist are responsible for optimizing database usage to improve system performance, but recent changes in database marketplace and the advent of Open Data Base Connectivity have forced them to learn and manage more than one database product.Fortunately, Jeffrey Allan Dunham's Database Performance Tuning Handbook covers all major database products and performance issues in one comprehensive volume. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Sub-space approach to distributed system development on large heterogeneous distributed environments
Authors: Zhili Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: Autonomy or interdependence in distributed systems? (1988)

It becomes very difficult to implement network transparency on large heterogeneous distributed environments. Each computer system can fail independently because of system autonomy, and a large amount of system status should be maintained and information exchanged to keep the distributed system consistent. The system management can be complicated and performance can suffer.In practice, groups of computers are naturally formed by clustering of according to the sub-groups of an organisation, kinds of computer systems or network structures. Therefore the large heterogeneous distributed system environment is naturally divided into sub-environments, called subspaces. Cooperation between the subspaces and network transparency within the subspaces will be the primary issues. This paper introduce a new approach to cope with those issues. A distributed operating system (DOS) model is designed based on such an approach and the prototype model is implemented by using remote procedure calls (RPCs), such as the SUN RPC[1] and Courier RPC[2] distributed programming facilities and functions on the department's experimental distributed environment. It is argued that the sub-space approach is a promising way to develop a distributed system in a large heterogeneous distributed system environment.
User interface guidelines for enhancing usability of airline travel agency e-commerce web sites
Authors: Craig Chariton, Min-Hyung Choi
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

Specific user interface guidelines are described to increase the usability of airline travel e-commerce Web sites. Although previous guidelines address the usability issue from the perspective of the sale of tangible products that can be described and depicted, less attention has been given to the usability issues for the sale of services. Service industries have different requirements for communicating with customers, specifically regarding their product offerings. This is prominent in the air travel industy, where Web site usability is known to be poor. We examine how the current guidelines are inadequate for Web sites providing air travel information. We propose specific guidelines for those sites that will enhance their usability.
MCSE: Designing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Directory Services Infrastructure Training Kit
Authors: Microsoft Corporation
Venue:  (2001)

:This official MCSE TRAINING KIT teaches IT professionals how to design a directory service architectureas they prepare for MCP Exam 70-219, a core elective on the new Windows 2000 MCSE track. The kit balances conceptual information with practical application: students learn through an integrated system of skill-building tutorials, case study examples, and self assessment tools. Topics map directly to the objectives measured by the MCSE exam, including analyzing business requirements, evaluating technical requirements, designing a directory service architecture, and planning service locations. Business scenario examples help students apply the concepts they learn to real-world work situations. An economical alternative to classroom instruction, this kit enables students to set their own pace and learn by doing!
Generating "dependent" quasi-random numbers
Authors: Shane G. Henderson, Belinda A. Chiera, Roger M. Cooke
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd conference on Winter simulation (2000)

Under certain conditions on the integrand, quasi-Monte Carlo methods for estimating integrals (expectations) converge faster asymptotically than Monte Carlo methods. Motivated by this result we consider the generation of quasi-random vectors with given marginals and given correlation matrix. We extend the "Normal To Anything" (NORTA) method, introduced by Cario and Nelson, to this context, and term the extension the "Quasi-Random to Anything" (QUARTA) method.
SearchKids: a digital library interface for young children
Authors: Juan Pablo Pablo Hourcade, Allison Druin, Lisa Sherman, Benjamin B. Bederson, Glenda Revelle, Dana Campbell, Stacey Ochs, Beth Weinstein
Venue: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2002)

As more information resources become accessible using computers, our digital interfaces to those resources need to be appropriate for all people. However, digital library interfaces have typically been designed for older children or adults. In this demonstration, we present SearchKids, a digital library interface developmentally appropriate for young children (age 5-10 years old). SearchKids offers a graphical interface for querying, browsing and reviewing search results.
Learn Mechanical Desktop: Productivity Training Runs with: Mechanical Desktop 2 and 3
Authors: CORPORATE AutoDesk Press Staff
Venue:  (1998)

:Now you can increase your productivity, and hone your design skills - right at your computer screen! All Mechanical Desktop 2 workshops incorporate ample, individualized, hands-on practice sessions into task-based learning. Each exercise is specifically designed to guide the user through real-work processes, yield real-world solutions, and lead to long term comprehension. This program features a robust self-assessment module to help you track your progress adn discover areas that may need improvement. Mechanical Desktop 2 is an excetpional tool for just-in-time learning and online reference. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Faithful Representations and Topographic Maps: From Distortion- to Information-Based Self-Organization
Authors: Marc M. Van Hulle
Venue:  (2000)

:Topographic map formation is an important component of both artificial and biological networks, and is emerging as a key topic in the theory of Neural Networks, a popular area of artificial intelligence research. This book discusses in detail, the science behind a computer's ability to self-organize, an area which has important practical applications in data mining and pattern recognition. Written by a well-known researcher in the field and providing an introductory chapter to bring newcomers to the topic up-to-speed, this title provides complete coverage of self-organizing maps.
Distributed assignment of encoded MAC addresses in sensor networks
Authors: Curt Schurgers, Gautam Kulkarni, Mani B. Srivastava
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking computing (2001)

In wireless sensor networks, the vast majority of wide-scale traffic consists of only a few bytes, including all network and application layer IDs. Therefore, MAC addresses, which are vital in a shared medium, present major overhead, particularly because they are traditionally chosen network-wide unique. To tackle this overhead, we propose a dynamic MAC addressing scheme based on a distributed algorithm. The assigned addresses are reused spatially and represented by variable length codewords. Our scheme scales very well with the network size, rendering it well suited for sensor networks with thousands or millions of nodes
Experiments in Java: An Introductory Lab Manual, 1st edition
Authors: Samuel A. Rebelsky
Venue:  (1999)

:programming language. Its hands-on exercises are intended to help students improve their understanding of the fundamental structures in Java. The order of the topics in this manual reflects an objects-first approach with the goal of helping students understand the object-oriented paradigm. This manual is divided into three parts. The first part presents the core of the Java language. These six sessions provide experience with core features and principles of the Java programming language. They provide enough breadth and depth for readers to learn more of Java on their own or in later courses. The second part of the manual helps students explore issues pertaining to algorithms. Recursion is considered here, as well important searching algorithms. Finally, methods of algorithm analysis are examined. The final part of the manual covers a number of additional topics that are not decribed in the core sessions such as graphics, inheritance, and object design. Features Includes eighteen laboratories, each with: Introductory Material New Skills that students will develop in the exercise Prerequisite Skills to ensure students are prepared for the session Required Files to use, modify, and extend in the exercises Discussion of topics covered in the laboratory session Experiments to reinforce the discussion Post-Laboratory Problems to enhance understanding Notes on selected problems Focuses on applications, but includes optional material on applets Provides an objects-first approach to working with Java Written on the Java 2 platform Designed to work with anyJava textbook
Interactive Computing Series: PowerPoint 2002- Brief, 1st edition
Authors: Kenneth Laudon
Venue:  (2001)

:The Interactive Computing Series is the Visual,Interactive way to develop and apply software skills. This Skills based approach coupled with its highly illustrated,2 page-spread design is ideal for the intro CIS course,the self-paced course or students in non-traditional education settings.
Keeping things in context: a comparative evaluation of focus plus context screens, overviews, and zooming
Authors: Patrick Baudisch, Nathaniel Good, Victoria Bellotti, Pamela Schraedley
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: Changing our world, changing ourselves (2002)

Users working with documents that are too large and detailed to fit on the user's screen (e.g. chip designs) have the choice between zooming or applying appropriate visualization techniques. In this paper, we present a comparison of three such techniques. The first, focus plus context screens, are wall-size low-resolution displays with an embedded high-resolution display region. This technique is compared with overview plus detail and zooming/panning. We interviewed fourteen visual surveillance and design professionals from different areas (graphic design, chip design, air traffic control, etc.) in order to create a repre sentative sample of tasks to be used in two experimental comparison studies. In the first experiment, subjects using focus plus context screens to extract information from large static documents completed the two experimental tasks on average 21% and 36% faster than when they used the other interfaces. In the second experiment, focus plus context screens allowed subjects to reduce their error rate in a driving simulation to less than one third of the error rate of the competing overview plus detail setup
Team accessible methods for production of safety critical hypermedia documentation
Authors: R. M. Newman
Venue: Proceedings of IEEE professional communication society international professional communication conference and Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM international conference on Computer documentation: technology & teamwork (2000)

This paper describes ongoing work to apply software engineering methods to the production of hypermedia technical documentation for safety critical application areas. Technical documentation is an increasingly important application area for hypermedia. In industries such as aerospace the economic drivers for widespread adoption of online hypermedia are very strong. One of the major issues in hypermedia design in these applications areas is the lack of rigorous design methods which would allow guarantees of correctness to be made. Current work on 'industrial strength' hypermedia has tended to concentrate on issues of system robustness or database query techniques. This work is directed at document systems which are designed as a coherent whole, to provide means of specifying and validating such documents by application of formal methods, allowing mathematical proofs to be made. These methods, in themselves, are not adequate, since they are accessible only to software engineers. A usable method must be accessible to document designers and software engineers. A 'formal storyboard' notation has been devised which has proven to be usable by those trained in hypermedia design and translates directly into the process algebra CCS (Calculus of Communicating Systems). The method has the potential to address at least one of the major problems impeding the use of hypermedia in technical documentation supporting safety critical industries.
A scheme for terminal I/O not requiring interrupts
Authors: Bruce Chittenden, James Hyde, Jeffrey P. Radick
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th annual Southeast regional conference (1982)

In the more user-oriented interactive operating systems such as UNIX, a considerable amount of processing power is devoted to the handling of character-oriented devices such as terminals. It is desirable, therefore, to reduce this overhead as much as possible; yet, if this manipulation of characters were not done, the real virtues of this type of system would be lost. By distributing some of this processing to an intelligent terminal controller and to intelligent terminals, the main processor can be freed from much of this burden without changing the character of the operating system.This paper discusses an implementation of such a distribution of processing overhead in the hardware and software of a 16 bit UNIX based micro-computer system developed by the Paradyne Corporation. The system uses the Multibus (IEEE 796 bus) design, a Z8000 based main processor, a Z80 based terminal controller, and Z80 based terminals. The main processor remains responsible for moving data between the user process and system memory, but now the terminal controller is responsible for moving data between system memory and the terminal, and the terminal is responsible for formatting the output and editing the input.The terminal controller is able to read and write system memory without interfering with the main processor. There are two circular queues: one for communication from the main processor to the terminal controller and the other for communication from the terminal controller to the main processor. Conventional I/O commands are replaced by communication through the queues, and interrupts are eliminated by the ability of the terminal controller to schedule a process to perform queue service.The terminal performs all the character and line erase processing, expanding of tabs, carriage return and line feed processing, and message delineator processing. When the terminal has a complete message, that message is transmitted to the terminal controller. Depending upon the mode in which the terminal is operating, a message may be a single character, a line, or a full screen. Thus when the main processor receives a message from the terminal controller, all the processing associated with the proper formatting and editing of that message has already been performed by terminal.
Measuring hardware efficiency by distribution of resources within a single program
Authors: Joseph L. Linn
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual Southeast regional conference (1979)

A view of efficiency is proposed which tries to account for how much resource is used in the actual problem solution and how much in the control of the instruction stream. Analyses are performed to determine the effects of two architectural modifications -- cache memory and memory mapped registers -- on the efficiency of a simple list merging process.
Tuning of Industrial Control Systems, 2nd edition
Authors: Armando B. Corripio
Venue:  (2000)

:Suitable for beginners, this book takes a practical but systematic approach to tuning. The aim is to provide insight into tuning procedures rather than a series of formulas to be memorized. The author gives helpful rules of thumb to speed the learning process during field training. The text begins with a discussion of common techniques for measuring the dynamic response of a process and choosing appropriate performance criteria. Later chapters cover selection and tuning of feedback control modes, including computer- and microprocessor-based controllers, and advanced modes. The second edition includes numerous examples of tuning, including the effect of hysteresis in flow control loops, averaging and tight level control, cascade control of a jacketed chemical reactor, feedforward control of a heater, and loop interaction and ratio control in a blender. Also included is an introduction to a model reference control and a chemical reactor control example to illustrate it. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The control devolution: ERP and the side effects of globalization
Authors: Ole Hanseth, Claudio U. Ciborra, Kristin Braa
Venue: ACM SIGMIS Database (2001)

When looking at the implementation of ERP systems in large organizations, the typical business concerns are attaining the goals of the application, usually globalization and efficiency, securing the organization's acceptance, avoiding rigidity, and so on. By now, the literature is full of both normative models on how to implement ERPs successfully and cautioning tales of how the road to success is paved by traps, slowdowns, and even disillusion. This paper does not take sides in this emerging literature, simply because it submits that there is a need to look at the broader context of ERP implementations.There is a need to discover new meanings before turning to consulting or critique. Such meanings stem from reconsidering the managerial concepts that accompany ERP implementation, especially the issues of "what is an ERP," how to achieve strategic alignment, and what globalization really entails. The authors frame the study of ERP in organizations within the broader context of an analysis of the consequences of modernity. The new vocabulary sheds a different light on what organizations are doing with ERP: these systems are open, pasted-up, uncontrollable expanding infrastructures; strategic alignment flounders in never-ending tactics and compromises; globalization generates side effects. Harnessed to enhance control over complex, global organizations, ERPs enshrine the consequences of modernity in a nutshell: they accelerate organizational drift and runaway. The case of the introduction of SAP in a large Norwegian company illustrates a range of drifting processes and side effects.
A Cost-Effective Approach to Deadlock Handling in Wormhole Networks
Authors: Juan M. Martínez-Rubio, Pedro López, Jose Duato
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2001)

Wormhole networks have traditionally used deadlock avoidance strategies. More recently, deadlock recovery strategies have begun to gain acceptance. In particular, progressive deadlock recovery techniques allocate a few dedicated resources to quickly deliver deadlocked packets. Deadlock recovery is based on the assumption that deadlocks are rare; otherwise, recovery techniques are not efficient. Measurements of deadlock occurrence frequency show that deadlocks are highly unlikely when enough routing freedom is provided [36], [32]. However, networks are more prone to deadlocks when the network is close to or beyond saturation, causing some network performance degradation. Similar performance degradation behavior at saturation was also observed in networks using deadlock avoidance strategies [13]. In this paper, we take a different approach to handling deadlocks and performance degradation. We propose the use of an injection limitation mechanism that prevents performance degradation near the saturation point and, at the same time, reduces the probability of deadlock to negligible values. We also propose an improved deadlock detection mechanism that uses only local information, detects all deadlocks, and considerably reduces the probability of false deadlock detection over previous proposals. In the rare case when impending deadlock is detected, our proposal consists of using a simple recovery technique that absorbs the deadlocked message at the current node and later reinjects it for continued routing toward its destination. Performance evaluation results show that our new approach to handling deadlock is more efficient than previously proposed techniques.
Self-checking sequential circuits with self-healing ability
Authors: Ilya Levin, Vladimir Ostrovsky, Sergey Ostanin, Mark Karpovsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2002)

In this paper we deal with totally self-checking (TSC) synchronous sequential circuits (SSCs), that are able to recover after an occurrence of a fault. We call SSC owing this property as a self-healing SSC. A concept of a partially monotonic SSC is used in the paper. It is shown that the partially monotonic SSCs satisfy the self-healing property. A novel reduced m-out-of-n code is developed. It is proposed applying this code to the synthesis of a TSC checker for the state monotonic SSCs. The proposed method of synthesis is based on a LUT implementation of monotonic functions.For most circuits in a standard benchmark set, the proposed approach leads to a reduction of about 10-20% of the overhead as compared with the traditional methods.