ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Use of statistical techniques in Personal Retrieval Systems
Authors: Matthew B. Koll
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

Personal Information Retrieval Systems (PIRs) for microcomputers have not yet had the same kind of impact as have Database Management Systems (DBMSs) for microcomputers. This may be attributed to the differences in the kinds of problems the two systems address. What a retrieval system can do, that a DBMS cannot, is to surmise what a record (document) is about. It can help find things that the user cannot clearly describe - sometimes even by subject matter. It is this capability that developers of PIRs should accentuate, because increasingly, personal databases are becoming sufficiently large so that finding relevant records is a recognized problem. If PIRs offer little more than DBMSs they will fail to meet that need. Fortunately, twenty-five years of research have produced some techniques (mostly statistical) that can improve the ability of retrieval systems to find relevant items. Even though these techniques have not been implemented by the large-scale retrieval services or mainframe-based retrieval systems, they could be; in fact, it is quite possible to implement them efficiently in a microcomputer-based PIR.
Layered representation of motion video using robust maximum-likelihood estimation of mixture models and MDL encoding
Authors: S. Ayer, H. S. Sawhney
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

Representing and modeling the motion and spatial support of multiple objects and surfaces from motion video sequences is an important intermediate step towards dynamic image understanding. One such representation, called layered representation, has recently been proposed. Although a number of algorithms have been developed for computing these representations, there has not been a consolidated effort into developing a precise mathematical formulation of the problem. This paper presents one such formulation based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of mixture models and the minimum description length (MDL) encoding principle. The three major issues in layered motion representation are: (i) how many motion models adequately describe image motion, (ii) what are the motion model parameters, and (iii) what is the spatial support layer for each motion model.
Three ECL designs for microprogrammable Writable Control Stores
Authors: J. F. McDonald, R. Harris, J. Sustman
Venue: Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1973)

Three designs are presented for extremely fast microprogrammed timing and control sequencers driven by Writable Control Stores. These designs have been put forth with a view towards utilizing existing or impending developments in the field of Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL). One of the designs is directly applicable to an existing ECL minicomputer architecture (that of the Digital Scientific META-4). The other two are more conjectural. One of these modules has a parts cost of roughly only &dollar;600.00. The other fully exploits the RAM access of the WCS. Microcycles utilizing these designs would be in the sub-90 to sub-50 nanosecond range.
Exact solution of linear equations
Authors: Stanley Cabay
Venue: Proceedings of the second ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic manipulation (1971)

The congruential method of obtaining the exact solution of a system of linear equations with integral coefficients is critically reviewed. A new and efficient test for checking that a sequence of residue solutions determines the correct integer solution of the system of equations is presented. Also discussed is an improved method for finding the adjoint of a singular matrix.
Vancouver regional health planning model
Authors: J. Milsum, D. Uyeno, I. Vertinsky, H. Will
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th conference on Winter simulation (1971)

An aggregate simulation model of the health care system existing in Vancouver, Canada has been created as part of a multi-purpose regional simulation project. The model requires data on population trends, morbidity, health resource trends. Under a variety of possible policies (ZPG, for example) the effects in terms of surpluses and shortages of resources, untreated cases, and a scale of social impact attributable to Holmes are delineated over a n-year horizon. The results are intended to provide policy-makers with contingency forecasts for priority assignment, resource formation, and demand-resource matching.
Computable queries for relational data bases (Preliminary Report)
Authors: Ashok K. Chandra, David Harel
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1979)

The concept of a &ldquo;reasonable&rdquo; query in a relational data base is investigated. We provide an abstract characterization of the class of queries which are computable, and define the completeness of a query language as the property of being precisely powerful enough to express the queries in this class. Our main result is the completeness of a simple programming language which can be thought of as consisting of the relational algebra augmented with the power of iteration.
Twentenet: A LAN with message priorities, design and performance considerations.
Authors: I. G. Niemegeers, C. A. Vissers
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM symposium on Communications architectures and protocols: tutorials symposium (1984)

This paper discusses design and performance aspects of Twentenet, one of the few implemented LANs which offers a service based on message priorities. The medium access mechanism uses the CSMA/CD principle, however with a deterministic collision resolution method. These characteristics make Twentenet suitable for real-time applications, as well as a mixture of real-time and non real-time applications. The general system structure is introduced followed by a detailed description of the priority access method. The performance of the system is shown for various traffic conditions and distributions of message priorities. The effect of system parameters, such as transmission rate, message length, cable length, and retry limits, is indicated.
The node cost measure for embedding graphs on the planar grid (Extended Abstract)
Authors: James A. Storer
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1980)

The two major cost measures used in the past for grid embeddings are area (or the area of the smallest square or rectangle that contains the embedding) and total edge length. This paper is primarily concerned with a third measure, total number of nodes. To embed a graph on the planar grid, it may be necessary to &ldquo;bend&rdquo; edges. This can be modeled by allowing the insertion of nodes along edges of the graph and then insisting that the embedding may not bend edges.
Parametric pattern router
Authors: Tetsuo Asano
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

This paper presents a new pattern router based on an enumeration scheme which sequentially produces alternative paths for a pin pair. First, we represent a pattern or shape of a route by a sequence of symbols representing directions of constituent line segments. Then, we investigate a condition that a sequence of symbols represents a valid pattern. We also count all valid patterns. Given two points, we can specify any route between them by a pattern of the route and lengths of segments. If we vary their lengths as parameters, then we can generate various routes. Therefore, the parametric pattern router with all possible patterns can always find a path between two points if one exists. The user of the router may define a set of admissible routing patterns according to circumstances.
About Modeling Cultural Heritage Objects with Limited Computer Resources
Authors: Guido Maria Cortelazzo, Fabio Marton
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

Modeling real life objects although at reach of current technology used to be confined to a niche of sophisticated industrial applications because of the high equipment costs involved. The costs of 3D imaging devices are substantially coming down, furthermore 3D modeling, within certain object complexities, is becoming feasible with limited (and inexpensive) computer resources. This work reports on modeling complex real life objects with small computer resources. Practical provisions and clear examples of the object complexity at reach of the resources of this league are presented. Our considerations hold general validity but are demonstrated by examples pertaining to the field of cultural heritage, which is the field of our interest. This area is representative both of the typical difficulties encountered in practical 3D modeling and of the great opportunities offered by these techniques once production costs will be substantially lowered.
Towards a compiler front-end for Ada
Authors: Gerhard Goos, Georg Winterstein
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM-SIGPLAN symposium on The ADA programming language (1980)

This paper discusses the current development of a compiler front-end for Ada at the University of Karlsruhe. The front-end is independent of the target-machine and will compile Ada into an intermediate language AIDA, essentially an attributed structure tree. The front-end is written in its own language using Ada-0 and LIS as preliminary compilers for the bootstrap. The compiler in its present form relies heavily on the formal definition of Ada which is under development at CII and IRIA.
Changing management's view to simulation
Authors: Bruce H. Bogusiav, Gary Farrar
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

Two consultants from Digital Equipment Corporation's Technical Resources Group, introduced simulation to Digital's Clonmel, Ireland plant. Initially, the plant management expressed serious concerns about the use of simulation and the impact this would have on the plant. Plant management did not fully understand simulation and was concerned about cost, time, involvement of plant staff, possible results and future use. The Technical Resources' consultants, working with the Clonmel plant engineers provided plant management with information about simulation and directly addressed all stated concerns. As a result, simulation of the plant manufacturing process was undertaken. The simulation results provided information which allowed the plant to modify manufacturing and storage areas thus avoiding approximately $50K in new equipment. Today the Clonmel plant is expanding its use and knowledge base of simulation.
Dynamic systems and their distributed termination
Authors: Shimon Cohen, Daniel Lehmann
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on Principles of distributed computing (1982)

This paper describes a new model for dynamic distributed systems, where new processes are added and terminated at execution time. It is an extension of the static model underlying CSP. The model uses CSP I/O commands as the basic means of communications among processes, unlike the model underlying ADA, we insist that each process knows with whom it can communicate. We actually view communication as a fully symmetric operation in which values are exchanged between two processes. A problem of distributed termination arises sometimes in a distributed system. We present a new algorithm to detect distributed termination in a dynamic system. It is better than previously published solutions.
Trace driven modeling: Review and overview
Authors: S. W. Sherman, J. C. Browne
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st symposium on Simulation of computer systems (1973)

Trace-driven modeling is a technique whereby a recorded trace of system activities is directly used to define the environment and workload for a model of a computer system. A review of the simulations of computer systems which have used trace-driven modeling as the simulation tool is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of trace-driven modeling are examined and comparison to conventional distribution driven simulation techniques is made.
Document Validation by Signature: A Serial Multi-Expert Approach
Authors: L. P. Cordella, P. Foggia, C. Sansone, M. Vento
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

A three-stage serial multi-expert system for facing the problem of signature verification is proposed. The first two stages, respectively devoted to the recognition of random and simple forgeries and of skilled forgeries, employ suitable criteria for estimating the reliability of the performed classification. In case of uncertainty the signature is forwarded to the successive stage which takes the final decision, taking into account the decisions of the previous stages together with their reliability estimations. Criteria for selecting the features to be used at each stage and for computing classification reliability and reliability thresholds are discussed The obtained results are compared with those achieved, on the same database of 49 writers, by other existing systems.
Macro-level policy analysis models: A methodological overview
Authors: Rodrigo J. Lievano, Robert O. Anderson
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1978)

Mathematical models for analyzing policies designed to alleviate the problems of dwindling domestic supplies of conventional energy resources, the high costs of alternative energy sources, environmental pollution, and threats to national security have proliferated at a prodigious rate in the years since the OPEC oil embargo. Most of these models are posed in a micro-economic framework or treat the energy sector in isolation from the rest of the economy. This relatively reduced scope allows for significant detail in the estimation of first-order effects of policies, but obviously prevents the assessment of their economy-wide effects. This paper discusses various methods for evaluating the interactions between the energy sector and the economy, and focuses on models which attempt to maintain a high level of micro-economic detail while extending the analysis through macro-economic effects. A model developed at the University of Houston (15, 17) is discussed in detail, and the results from the model for an analysis of the economic effects of energy and environmental policy on the electric power industry are given.
Education and training: Non-programmed curriculum materials for computer programmer training programs
Authors: G. M. Silvern
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

THE COMPLETE DEVELOPMENT of the system known as a training program should start with the establishment of job performance standards. Only after the job analysis, course outline and lesson plans have been developed, should the curriculum materials be prepared and the training devices and learning aids be designed and produced. The curriculum materials include manuals, handbooks, textbooks, workbooks, text-workbooks, self-instructional (programmed) texts and teaching machine programs. Definitions and descriptions of each of these will serve to differentiate their purposes and use.
The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as a predictor of programming performance
Authors: Ashford W. Stalnaker
Venue: Proceedings of the third annual computer personnel research conference (1965)

This paper describes the results of using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as a predictor of programming performance among undergraduates at Georgia Tech.
Steps toward a general-purpose time-sharing system using large capacity core storage and TSS/360
Authors: Richard E. Fikes, Hugh C. Lauer, Albin L. Vareha,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

It is our desire at the Carnegie-Mellon University Computation Center to provide to the university community a general-purpose computer utility capable of supporting the wide range of academic and research programs which are currently being advanced. In particular, we wish to develop an integrated system of processors, storage devices, communication channels, and software which will: &bull; Accept conversational, real-time, and batch tasks at any given time and process them concurrently. &bull; Provide languages and facilities for writing, debugging, and executing programs conversationally. &bull; Contain a file system suitable for safely storing source code, object code, data, and output. &bull; Accommodate the addition of new languages, new software subsystems, and new types of conversational terminals. &bull; Accept tasks ranging in size from very small student programs and desk calculator work to very large tasks which tax all of the facilities of the system. The first attempts to provide systems having these capabilities resulted in Project MAC's CTSS at Massachusetts Institute of Technology1 and the Q-32 Time-Sharing System at System Development Corporation.2 Other early efforts produced JOSS at the RAND Corporation3 and BASIC at Dartmouth College.4 The latter two systems emphasized conversational computing, ease of operation, and file facilities, but were dedicated systems in that they provided only a single algebraic language.
Current position and future of EDP standards
Authors: Vico E. Henriques
Venue: Proceedings of the 1964 19th ACM national conference (1964)

The efforts of the current standards effort in computers and information processing on both the national and international level is concerned with communications in its generic sense and in specification of techniques and media. The areas of communication may be defined man-to-man, man-to-machine, and machine-to-machine. The development of techniques of language, symbology, coding, and conventions comprise the set of logical standards necessary to a structured art of information processing and interchange. To implement these logical standards physical specifications are needed for media in communication, for formats, and for the interface between devices, between man and device, and between man and man. Most of the effort to date has concentrated on the development of standards modules at a basic level which can be called upon for guidance and direction in the development of information processing systems. A good deal of the effort and the time spent to date has gone into the resolution of semantic problems in the description in concise and unambiguous terms of the scope, objective, and results of standards efforts. The general philosophy has been to attack those problems which are tractable and identify those which are not yet susceptible to negotiated or developed standards, and to build the tools and techniques necessary for their solution. A second matter of philosophy in the approach to standards efforts concomitant with the aforementioned tactic is the development of sets of related standards rather than omnibus standards. The reasons for this are two-fold:
Using simulation to evaluate system performance
Authors: Edward K. Bowdon,  Sr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th Design Automation Workshop (1974)

This paper presents some recent results obtained from using simulation to evaluate computer system performance when alternative job priority assignment algorithms are considered. Performance data are given for both individual computing centers and network computers.* A &ldquo;pay-for priority&rdquo; scheduling algorithm for the individual centers is explored and load leveling techniques for transmitting jobs between centers are evaluated. The effects of these algorithms on system performance are demonstrated through the use of a simulation model.
Evaluating synchronization mechanisms
Authors: Toby Bloom
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1979)

In recent years, many high-level synchronization constructs have been proposed. Each claims to satisfy criteria such as expressive power, ease of use, and modifiability. Because these terms are so imprecise, we have no good methods for evaluating how well these mechanisms actually meet such requirements. This paper presents a methodology for performing such an evaluation. Synchronization problems are categorized according to some basic properties, and this categorization is used in formulating more precise definitions of the criteria mentioned, and in devising techniques for assessing how well those criteria are met.
A cased goods Conveyor simulator
Authors: Donald A. Heimburger
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

The SIMSCRIPT Conveyor Program (SIMCON) models the flow of cased goods through an accumulating powered belt conveyor system. The program is almost totally general with all configuration descriptions and parameters being read into the model as input data. The model has been used to test proposed changes to existing systems, to design totally new systems, to study the effects of several variables, and to model new concepts in cased goods merging. The quantitative results have been used in the decision process for many multi-million dollar conveyor networks.
A gradient&mdash;regression search procedure for simulation experimentation
Authors: William Ernest Biles
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

This paper examines a gradient search procedure for simulation experimentation with constrained systems. This procedure combines gradient search with curvilinear regression in moving toward a constrained optimal solution for a system involving n controllable variables. In a direction-determining block, at least n+1 simulation trials are performed around a current base point to establish an improving direction. Then in a step determining block, t simulation trials are performed along the improving direction to establish the most favorable step in moving to the next base point. This sequential block process, in which each block is executed in one input to the computer, is repeated until an approximate solution is found which satisfies all system constraints.
Degree-languages, polynomial time recognition, and the LBA problem
Authors: Detlef Wotschke
Venue: Proceedings of seventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1975)

The so-called Chomsky hierarchy [5], consisting of regular, context-free, context-sensitive, and recursively enumerable languages, does not account for many &ldquo;real world&rdquo; classes of languages, e.g., programming languages and natural languages [4]. This is one of the reasons why many attempts have been made to &ldquo;refine&rdquo; the original Chomsky classification. The main goal has been to describe languages which, for instance, are not context-free but are still context-sensitive, without using the powerful and complex concept of context-sensitive grammars.
PODEM-X: An automatic test generation system for VLSI logic structures
Authors: Prabhakar Goel, Barry C. Rosales
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

Multiple test generation algorithms and techniques described in this paper have been integrated into a unified system which has successfully produced tests for unpartitioned LSSD logic structures of up to 50,000 logic gates. The design concepts behind the creation of a unified system are presented, as are actual results obtained on large logic structures. System usability was significantly enhanced by the same concepts that facilitated the integration of multiple algorithms and techniques.
Experience with a Module Package in developing production quality PASCAL programs
Authors: Sally Warren, Bruce E. Martin, Charles Hoch
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Software engineering (1982)

A Module Package (AMP) is a preprocessor to a PASCAL compiler to support data encapsulation and modular system development. Experience with AMP in developing a software product at Amdahl Corporation has demonstrated its utility and robustness.