ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Attentional Role of the Left Parietal Cortex: The Distinct Lateralization and Localization of Motor Attention in the Human Brain
Authors: Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Michael Krams, Richard E. Passingham
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

It is widely agreed that visuospatial orienting attention depends on a network of frontal and parietal areas in the right hemisphere. It is thought that the visuospatial orienting role of the right parietal lobe is related to its role in the production of overt eye movements. The experiments reported here test the possibility that other parietal regions may be important for directing attention in relation to response modalities other than eye movement. Specifically, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to test the hypothesis that a 'left' parietal area, the supramarginal gyrus, is important for attention in relation to limb movements (Rushworth et al., 1997; Rushworth, Ellison, & Walsh, in press). We have referred to this process as 'motor attention' to distinguish it from orienting attention. In one condition subjects spent most of the scanning period covertly attending to 'left' hand movements that they were about to make. Activity in this first condition was compared with a second condition with identical stimuli and movement responses but lacking motor attention periods. Comparison of the conditions revealed that motor attention-related activity was almost exclusively restricted to the 'left' hemisphere despite the fact that subjects only ever made ipsilateral, left-hand responses. Left parietal activity was prominent in this comparison, within the parietal lobe the critical region for motor attention was the supramarginal gyrus and the adjacent anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIP), a region anterior to the posterior parietal cortex identified with orienting attention. In a second part of the experiment we compared a condition in which subjects covertly rehearsed verbal responses with a condition in which they made verbal responses immediately without rehearsal. A comparison of the two conditions revealed verbal rehearsal-related activity in several anterior left hemisphere areas including Broca's area. The lack of verbal rehearsal-related activity in the left supra-marginal gyrus confirms that this area plays a direct role in motor attention that cannot be attributed to any strategy of verbal mediation. The results also provide evidence concerning the importance of ventral premotor (PMv) and Broca's area in motor attention and language processes.
Coevolutionary dynamics and agent-based models in organization science
Authors: Brian F. Tivnan
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

This paper provides empirical and theoretical support for the application of coevolutionary dynamics and agent-based models in organization science. The support stems from the following logical progression: (a) organization science theorists have explored, and in many instances, acknowledged the applicability of complexity theory to organization science research; (b) much of the acceptance for complexity science applications follows from the conceptualization of an organization as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS); (c) complexity science offers a robust explanation of order in natural and social systems; (d) coevolutionary dynamics provide the mechanisms with the highest explanatory power for describing order-creation in social systems. This paper provides an overview of the literature for each element of the preceding logical progression and concludes with a discussion of the applications of agent-based models to instantiate coevolutionary dynamics.
Predicting graph reading performance: a cognitive approach
Authors: Weidong Huang, Seok-Hee Hong, Peter Eades
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information Visualisation - Volume 60 (2006)

Performance and preference measures are commonly used in the assessment of visualization techniques. This is important and useful in understanding differences in effectiveness between different treatments. However, these measures do not answer how and why the differences are caused. And sometimes, performance measures alone may not be sensitive enough to detect differences. In this paper, we introduce a cognitive approach for visualization effectiveness and efficiency assessment. A model of user performance, mental effort and cognitive load (memory demand) is proposed and further mental effort and visualization efficiency measures are incorporated into our analysis. It is argued that 1) combining cognitive measures with traditional methods provides us new insights and practical guidance in visualization assessment. 2) analyzing human cognitive process not only helps to understand how viewers interact with visualizations, but also helps to predict user performance in initial stage. 3) keeping cognitive load induced by a visualization low allows more memory resources to be available for high level complex cognitive activities. A case study conducted supports our arguments.
HiFi: Network-centric query processing in the physical world
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (2005)

Advances in wireless sensors, RFID technology, and mobile devices have enabled the development of information systems that monitor and react to events in the real world. When deployed on a large (e.g., national) scale, these systems assume a high fan-in architecture, in which vast numbers of events measured at the edges of the network are continually refined, summarized, augmented, and aggregated as they flow towards the interior. High fan-in systems present a wealth of new research problems reflecting the different concerns and priorities at each level of the system as well as the interactions among the levels. The solutions will require insights from recent efforts in data stream processing, sensor databases, event systems, data warehousing, and spatio-temporal data management. In this talk I will identify the key characteristics and challenges presented by high fan-in systems, and argue for a uniform, querybased approach towards addressing them. I will then present our initial thoughts on the design of HiFi, the system we are building to embody these ideas, and describe an initial proof-of-concept prototype that is capable of combining data from RFID readers and clusters of sensor motes. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Virtualization with prefetching abilities based on iSCSI
Authors: Peter Bleckmann, Gumnar Schomaker, Adrian Slowik
Venue: Proceedings of the international workshop on Storage network architecture and parallel I/Os (2004)

The Internet-SCSI protocol [iSCSI] allows a client to interact with a remote SCSI-capable target by means of block-oriented commands encapsulated within TCP/IP packets. Thereby, iSCSI greatly simplifies storage virtualization, since clients can access storage in a unified manner, no matter whether the I/O-path is short or long distance. Intermediate devices located on the path between a client and a target can easily intercept iSCSI sessions and rewrite packets for the sake of load balancing, prefetching, or redundancy, to mention just a few beneficial applications. Within this paper we describe the design and implementation of such an iSCSI capable intermediate device that deploys prefetching strategies in combination with redundant disks to reduce average I/O-latency. Depending on its location within the network, this virtualization and prefetching device can hide wide area access latency and reduce network contention targeting remote SCSI-devices to a large extent.
Multimodal interaction in children's programming with tangible artefacts
Authors: Jakob Tholander, Ylva Fernaeus
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

In this paper we will investigate and document some of the practices that a group of children use to form an activity of creating a screen-based interactive play world using a tangible programming system. A specific focus is on the resources that the children use to create and maintain a sense of shared understanding of what they are building. We emphasise the embodied aspects of interaction in the activity and how physical resources and bodily action must be viewed as intrinsically intertwined with the children's process of argumentation and articulation.
Model-Based Software Tools for Integrated Vehicle Health Management
Authors: Gabor Karsai, Gautam Biswas, Sherif Abdelwahed, Nag Mahadevan, Eric Manders
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (2006)

Present day IVHM systems are often constructed using hand-written code that is hard to produce and difficult to verify and maintain. In this paper we introduce a suite of model-based tools that allow for the construction of embeddable IVHM applications using a model-based approach. Reusable (and potentially validated) reasoners are used in conjunction with executable code that is generated from models, thus allowing the integration of the reasoner as a component into a larger on-board system. This paper describes the toolsuite, the modeling approach used, the runtime environment, and some of the applications where the tools were used.
Ugly in a world where you can choose to be beautiful: teaching and learning about diversity via virtual worlds
Authors: Joey J. Lee, Christopher M. Hoadley
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

In this paper, we discuss an approach to providing students with first-hand learning experiences that help them understand cultural differences and aspects of diversity. As part of a five-week course, fourteen high school students participated in activities within massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) as learning environments to explore issues of identity construction, discrimination, and cultural sensitivity. Student attitudes towards diversity and towards the technology used in the course are discussed. The students reported using the tool to explore and to equalize cultural and demographic differences. They showed significant improvement on a measure of sensitivity towards an understanding of diversity, and evidence suggests they were able to develop a more sophisticated, less essentialist model of diversity.
Selectively Impaired Associative Learning in Older People with Cognitive Decline
Authors: Alexander Collie, Catherine Myers, Geoffrey Schnirman, Stephen Wood, Paul Maruff
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

Older people with declining cognitive function typically display deficits in declarative memory processes, often most evident on tests of associative learning (AL). The hippocampal formation (HF) is thought to be critically involved in the encoding and retrieval of such associations, consistent with neuroimaging findings that the HF is damaged in early stages of neurodegenerative disease and in older people with AL impairments. In the clinic, older people with cognitive decline commonly report difficulties associating names with faces. However, we have observed that such people are particularly impaired on tests requiring the association of novel stimuli. In Experiment 1, a series of AL tasks were administered to older people with cognitive decline to determine whether they were impaired at simply making associations, or at making associations between novel stimuli. In Experiment 2, we measured HF function in these subjects by administering an AL task designed to differentiate between HF-damaged and HF-intact individuals. Our experimental protocols were guided by a computational model of HF function in AL described by Gluck and Myers (1997). Older people with cognitive decline displayed impaired performance on tasks designed to be highly dependent upon intact HF function, including a task in which novel patterns and spatial locations were to be associated. These results suggest that the AL impairments observed in older people with cognitive decline may be due to HF dysfunction.
Reliable Video Transmission Techniques for Wireless MPEG-4 Streaming Systems
Authors: Sheng-Tzong Cheng, Jian-Liang Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (2006)

Multimedia streaming over wireless network faces the problem of low-bandwidth data transmission in an error prone environment. Furthermore, due to the frame dependency exploited by the video coding schemes, packet loss could degrade the perceptual quality of the media streams. In this paper, we design and implement a group-of-pictures (GOP) based video packet interleaving technique to reduce the impact of bursty packet losses. At the server side of our system, the packets of B or P frames are interleaved into the packets of a single I frame. At the client side, the deinterleaving method is developed based on the RTP [1] timestamp of RTP header. We also apply the technique to the MPEG-4 [2] video codec in the streaming system and integrate its error resilient tools -- video packet, data partition, and RVLC, to increase the performance of GOP based video packet interleaving technique. From the experiment results, we show that our technique improves the perceptual quality better than the classic scheme does.
M/M/C queues with Markov modulated service processes
Authors: Melike Baykal-Gursoy, Zhe Duan
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

Motivated by the need to study traffic flow affected by incidents we consider M/M/C queueing system where servers operate in a Markovian environment. When a traffic incident happens, either all lanes or part of a lane is closed to the traffic. As such, we model these interruptions either as complete service disruptions where none of the servers work or partial failures where all servers work at some reduced service rate. We analyze the system with multiple failure states in steady state and present a scheme to obtain the stationary number of vehicles on a link. The special case of single breakdown case is further analyzed and performance measures in closed form are obtained.
McBAGEL: a shared and structured electronic workspace for problem-based learning
Authors: Roland Hübscher, Cindy Hmelo, N. Hari Narayanan, Mark Guzdial, Janet L. Kolodner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

Our approach to learning is based on the premises that learning is facilitated by generative problem solving, collaborative work on problems, and use of multiple cases; that knowledge construction and skill acquisition can be scaffolded through software; and that a computer environment which integrates a shared and structured electronic workspace can effectively support all of the above. McBAGEL (Multiple Case-Based Approach to Generative Environments for Learning) is a computer environment integrating many of these functions. McBAGEL has profited from the close interaction between its designers and its users: the middle school students and teachers. The first extended field tests of McBAGEL will be conducted in spring 1996 in several middle schools around Atlanta.
Exploiting reference idempotency to reduce speculative storage overflow
Authors: Seon Wook Kim, Chong-Liang Ooi, Rudolf Eigenmann, Babak Falsafi, T. N. Vijaykumar
Venue: ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) (2006)

Recent proposals for multithreaded architectures employ speculative execution to allow threads with unknown dependences to execute speculatively in parallel. The architectures use hardware speculative storage to buffer speculative data, track data dependences and correct incorrect executions through roll-backs. Because all memory references access the speculative storage, current proposals implement speculative storage using small memory structures to achieve fast access. The limited capacity of the speculative storage causes considerable performance loss due to speculative storage overflow whenever a thread's speculative state exceeds the speculative storage capacity. Larger threads exacerbate the overflow problem but are preferable to smaller threads, as larger threads uncover more parallelism.In this article, we discover a new program property called memory reference idempotency. Idempotent references are guaranteed to be eventually corrected, though the references may be temporarily incorrect in the process of speculation. Therefore, idempotent references, even from nonparallelizable program sections, need not be tracked in the speculative storage, and instead can directly access nonspeculative storage (i.e., conventional memory hierarchy). Thus, we reduce the demand for speculative storage space in large threads. We define a formal framework for reference idempotency and present a novel compiler-assisted speculative execution model. We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions for reference idempotency using our model. We present a compiler algorithm to label idempotent memory references for the hardware. Experimental results show that for our benchmarks, over 60&percnt; of the references in nonparallelizable program sections are idempotent.
Support Vector Machine with Weighted Summation Kernel Obtained by Adaboost
Authors: Kazuhiro Hotta
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

This paper presents Support Vector Machine (SVM) with weighted summation kernel obtained by Adaboost. In recent years, SVM with local summation kernel is proposed to use local features in SVM effectively. However, the computational cost of original method is high because all local kernels are used. In general, the effective position and size are different for recognition task. However, original method applied local kernel with same size to all scalar features and all local kernels are integrated with equal weight. To improve the performance and reduce the computational cost, local kernels with various size are prepared at all positions of a recognition target and effective local kernels are selected by Adaboost. Since 1-Nearest Neighbor (1-NN) of the output of local Gaussian kernel at certain size and position is used as weak learner, a strong classifier obtained by Adaboost becomes a new weighted summation kernel specialized for given recognition task. The proposed method is applied to face detection task. We confirmed that the proposed weighted summation kernel gives better performance than original local summation kernel though the proposed method uses the smaller number of local kernels than local summation kernel.
Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for CMV operators associated with orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
Authors: Fritz Gesztesy, Maxim Zinchenko
Venue: Journal of Approximation Theory (2006)

We provide a detailed treatment of Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for half-lattice and full-lattice CMV operators and discuss their systems of orthonormal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, spectral functions, variants of Weyl-Titchmarsh functions, and Green's functions. In particular, we discuss the corresponding spectral representations of half-lattice and full-lattice CMV operators.
Run-Time Services for Hybrid CPU/FPGA Systems on Chip
Authors: Jason Agron, Wesley Peck, Erik Anderson, David Andrews, Ed Komp, Ron Sass, Fabrice Baijot, Jim Stevens
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (2006)

Modern FPGA devices, which include (multiple) processor core(s) as diffused IP on the silicon die, provide an excellent platform for developing custom multiprocessor systems-on-programmable chip (MPSoPC) architectures. As researchers are investigating new methods for migrating portions of applications into custom hardware circuits, it is also critical to develop new run-time service frameworks to support these capabilities. Hthreads (HybridThreads) is a multithreaded RTOS kernel for hybrid FPGA/CPU systems designed to meet this new growing need. A key capability of hthreads is the migration of thread management, synchronization primitives, and run-time scheduling services for both hardware and software threads into hardware. This paper describes the hthreads scheduler, a key component for controlling both software-resident threads (SW threads) and threads implemented in programmable logic (HW threads). Run-time analysis shows that the hthreads scheduler module helps in reducing unwanted system overhead and jitter when compared to historical software schedulers, while fielding scheduling requests from both hardware and software threads in parallel with application execution. Run time analysis shows the scheduler achieves constant time scheduling for up to 256 active threads with a total of 128 different priority levels, while using uniform APIs for threads requesting OS services from either side of the hardware/ software boundary.
Categorical and Metric Spatial Processes Distinguished by Task Demands and Practice
Authors: Marie T. Banich, Kara D. Federmeier
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1999)

In this study we examined Kosslyn's (1987) claim that the right hemisphere exhibits a relative superiority for processing metric spatial relations, whereas the left hemisphere exhibits a relative superiority for processing categorical spatial relations. In particular, we examined whether some failures to observe strong visual field (VF) advantages in previous studies might be due to practice effects that allowed individuals to process tasks in alternative manners (e.g., to process a metric task using a categorical strategy). We used two versions of a task previously employed by Hellige and Michimata (1989) in which individuals judge the metric (distance) or categorical (above/below) spatial relations between a bar and a dot. In one version, the position of the bar was held static. In another, the bar's position varied. This manipulation prevented participants from using the computer screen as a reference frame, forcing them to compute the spatial relationships on the basis of the relevant items only (i.e., the bar and the dot). In the latter, but not the former version of the task we obtained evidence supporting Kosslyn's hypothesis, namely, a significant right visual field (RVF) advantage for categorical spatial processing and a trend toward a left visual field (LVF) advantage for metric spatial processing. Furthermore, the pattern of results for trials on which information was presented centrally (CVF trials) was similar to that observed on RVF trials, whereas the pattern for trials in which identical information was presented in each visual field (BVF trials) was similar to that observed on LVF trials. Such a pattern is consistent with Kosslyn's suggestion that categorical processing is better suited for cells with small receptive fields and metric processing for cells with larger receptive fields.