ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Time-shared computer aided design with the digital plotters
Authors: Robert J. Cowan
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual Design Automation Conference (1969)

Low-cost pen and ink digital plotters, interfaced with central processors and used in conversational environments, are providing solutions to design problems previously considered too expensive or otherwise unsuitable for on-site batch processing systems. Artwork generation, numerical control tape verification, and schematic layout problems are effectively handled with low-speed printing terminals working in conjunction with digital plotters. Graphics oriented time-sharing systems and graphics oriented computer terminals will provide significant advantages for many phases of the design process.
Parallel algorithms for the transitive closure and the connected component problems
Authors: D. S. Hirschberg
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1976)

Parallel programs are presented that determine the transitive closure of a matrix using n3 processors and connected components of an undirected graph using n2 processors. In both cases, the desired results are obtained in time 0(log2n). It is assumed that the processors have access to common memory. Simultaneous access to the same location is permitted for fetch, but not store, instructions. The problem of determining the connected components of a graph using a parallel computer has recently appeared in the literature [1,2]. The result in [1] is based on finding the transitive closure of a matrix in time 0(log2n) which can be done using 0(n3) processors. We show that n2 processors are sufficient to solve the connected component problem in time 0(log2n). We present algorithm CLOSURE that will find the transitive closure of Boolean matrix M [n by n] using n3 processors [numbered P(0,0,0) through P(n&minus;1 ,n&minus;1, n&minus;1)] each of which has local memory and each of which can access common array A [n by n].
Organizing user information: A way to hold fewer hands
Authors: William C. Flick, Philip H. Isensee
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

In the past few years, we have seen a rapid increase in the number of new users in the academic computing environment, and this increase is likely to continue. Several factors are involved in bringing this about: microcomputers are more accessible and inexpensive; software is easier to use; high-quality printing devices and text-processing packages make the computer a more attractive tool for preparing documents; and high-level, specialized languages make it a more practical teaching aid. In general, people are learning that the computer can be a useful tool, in many cases enabling them to perform tasks which they were not able to perform, at least not easily, before. Consequently, many of the people we deal with in the user services context are &ldquo;new users&rdquo; in the sense that they have had very little computing experience before coming to us. In many ways we have not been adequately prepared to deal with this changing user community. Most of our traditional documentation, workshops and shortcourses assume a higher level of technical training than our new users possess. We in user services have the information needed by this new clientele; but it has not been in a form which is easily accessible to them. As a result, people either turn away or, in order to satisfy their own information needs, turn to the only source available to them - the user services consultant. Often, the easiest and most convenient way for new users to obtain information is simply to call or visit a consultant. Consequently, an increasing proportion of consultants' time is spent &ldquo;holding hands&rdquo; -that is, teaching in-office shortcourses on a one-on-one basis, giving individual &ldquo;how to&rdquo; demonstrations on a variety of topics, and answering long lists of questions on beginning level topics. Of course, as user services consultants, it is our job to assist people in the use of our computer system and to teach new users how to use that system. The problem we face is that an increasing proportion of consulting time is spent in individual tutoring sessions at an elementary level and, therefore, less time is allocated to other important functions such as shortcourse and workshop development and the development of new documentation -activities which, in the long term, would benefit the new user in a more effective and efficient manner. We believe that one solution to this problem lies in organizing user information in a way which makes it more accessible and more suitable for users at a given level of experience. In this paper, we describe a model for organizing and developing documentation and instruction which is based upon the varying skill levels of our users. This model provides a framework for defining user needs at each skill level, for identifying those areas in which documentation or instruction is lacking, and for developing new material to meet those needs.
Computer typesetting at a university
Authors: Hannah Kaufman
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

As text processing becomes more widespread at a university, users become intrigued with the possibilities of making publishing easier, quicker, and less costly. Authors, administrative offices, editors of newsletters, and even students creating attractive resumes want to use computerized typesetting. Not all universities can justify buying their own typesetting equipment, but files can be created on a university computer and sent to a commercial typesetter for processing. Such a system will be discussed.
Integer Wavelet Packets and their Application to a Lossy Compression System for SAR Images
Authors: Enrico Magli, Gabriella Olmo, Fabrizio Sellone
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (1999)

In this paper the Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) is described and compared with the classical real valued Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT); it is shown that, with a simple and computationally inexpensive modification of the algorithm, the performance of the IWT can be raised to that of the DWT, so overcoming a limitation which is reported in the literature. Then, a new application of the Lifting Scheme to the generation of Integer Wavelet Packets (IWP) is presented. IWP yields a representation which can be loss-less, as it maps an integer valued sequence onto integer valued coefficients in the transformed domain; moreover, it allows for the selection of an adaptive representation, which can match the variable characteristics of SAR images better than the DWT. The proposed image compression scheme is based on the classical Coifman and Wickerhauser algorithm for best basis selection, applied to the IWP tree. Extensive simulations have proven that the proposed algorithm yields good performance for both generic and SAR images.
The Apiary network architecture for knowledgeable systems
Authors: Carl Hewitt
Venue: Proceedings of the 1980 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming (1980)

Creating more knowledgeable computer systems will require vastly increased computational resources. We are working on the development of a computer architecture (called the Apiary) to meet this need. In this paper we present an overview of the Apiary introducing important concepts and techniques such as Interest groups. Jeff Schiller has constructed a preliminary implementation of the network software for the Apiary on the CADR Distributed System at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Phyllis Koton has constructed a preliminary version of Portal which is a communications chip designed to facilitate the construction of Multiprocessor Network Architectures like the Apiary. However a great deal of work remains to be done in order to make the Apiary into a practical usable system.
The effectiveness of a short term simulation for teaching foreign policy and national security affairs
Authors: David J. Louscher
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1977)

The teaching effectiveness of a short-term minimal structure simulation was assessed using Lickert type questionnaires before and after the experience. Attitudinal change of 416 students on twenty-one foreign policy and international security propositions was measured. Four hypotheses were studied: (1) Students participating in a simulation will reveal more interest in such activities than in more conventional classroom activities; (2) Students participating in a simulation will reveal increased empathy for the problems decision makers confront; (3) Gaming augments a students' understanding of decision-making and international politics; (4) Gaming is more effective when used in conjunction with pre-game reading and discussion. The first three hypothesis were confirmed. A Paired Samples T-Test revealed significant change in attitude. A substantive conclusion is that simulations may shorten the learning time of students of international politics. The purpose of this project was to assess the impact of a minimal-structure short-term simulation as a teaching aid for courses dealing with international security, military strategy and foreign policy. The simulation assessed was constructed by the author and Major Robert Van Steenburg, U.S.A.
Using new technology for systems documentation: Specifications for an on-line documentation system for the paperless office
Authors: Diana Patterson, George Olah
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

Recent conferences on future technology have lead to dreaming of the &ldquo;perfect&rdquo; on-line documentation system for the paperless office. This panel discussion on Using the New Technology will present specifications for one such &ldquo;perfect&rdquo; system. The audience will be invited to consider what changes and improvements they would make. The object of this exercise will be to encourage someone to build and market such a system. Similar systems already exist but they are less than &ldquo;perfect&rdquo;.
Macros in higher-level languages
Authors: Henry J. Bowlden
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Extensible languages (1971)

The concept of macros, as a tool to extend the expressive capability of a symbolic language by techniques of string substitution, has existed in the lexicon of programming languages for many years. It has been used most effectively in connection with assemblers; in some cases capabilities not too far short of the range commonly attributed to &ldquo;higher-level languages&rdquo; have been provided by this means. Attempts to extend higher-level languages by similar tools have, however, not been quite as well received. In this presentation we consider the lessons which have been learned in the course of a six-year experiment with a macro preprocessor for a dialect of ALGOL 60. The factors which we find of interest are those of user convenience, flexibility, efficiency, and syntactic integrity. We attempt to relate these, in the framework of our own experience, to the independent variables of base language power, user orientation, and design goals. It is not our purpose to arrive at any sweeping generalizations; rather, we will content ourselves with drawing tentative conclusions with respect to fruitful avenues of development from a rather limited base with the help of some specific examples.
Design automation at a large architect-engineer
Authors: E. F. Chelotti, D. P. Bossie
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

Gibbs Hill (G H) has been a proponent, developer, and user of Design Automation (DA) techniques for over fifteen years. Progression has been steady and significant, beginning with the use of relatively simple batch computer programs for the solution of specific engineering problems to the current broad application of state-of-the-art hardware and software including interactive graphics and data base management systems. This progress has been matched by acceptance, and at G H DA is considered a normal and viable mode of operation rather than an alternate method subject to doubts by management, clients, and personnel. The Design Automation objective is an on-line, integrated data base approach to all aspects and phases of our work, ranging from conceptual design to construction management. The cornerstone of the Design Automation system is CADAEsm (Computer Aided Design and Engineering) which is an Interactive graphics system that is used to produce design drawings, including both dimensional and nondimensional. The G H Design Automation system is developed, refined, and maintained by a dedicated staff of DA professionals.
A facility for rapid computer-aided generation of precision graphics
Authors: Harry M. Taxin
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual Design Automation Workshop (1968)

The growing availability of on-line hardware and software with computer graphics capabilities provides the catalyst for developing more powerful design automation systems needed by the fourth generation and beyond. This paper will describe the design philosophy, implementation, advantages and limitations of a &ldquo;design facility&rdquo; which is currently in its initial period of operation at the Hughes Aircraft Company. The term &ldquo;design facility&rdquo; is used here to denote an integrated hardware/software system which forms an operational base for the preparation, modification, and production of the design of a particular set of products. In this case, the products will be the various physical elements of a digital system, each of which has precision artwork requirements.
Specification techniques for data abstractions
Authors: Barbara Liskov, Stephen Zilles
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software (1975)

The main purposes in writing this paper are to discuss the importance of formal specifications and to survey a number of promising specification techniques. The role of formal specifications both in proofs of program correctness, and in programming methodologies leading to programs which are correct by construction, is explained. Some criteria are established for evaluating the practical potential of specification techniques. The importance of providing specifications at the right level of abstraction is discussed, and a particularly interesting class of specification techniques, those used to construct specifications of data abstractions, is identified. A number of specification techniques for describing data abstractions are surveyed and evaluated with respect to the criteria. Finally, directions for future research are indicated.
&ldquo;What would you do?&rdquo; an exercise in analysis and planning
Authors: Frances M. Blake, Alvin E. Stutz
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

Attendees will be divided into three large groups based upon the size of their installation (size in terms of number of employees). Each group will be asked to analyze two situations. The situation may be presented on paper, videotape, or through role playing. The large group will be divided into small discussion groups (7-10 people) to analyze the situation, define the problem(s), and come up with solution(s). Questions for directed discussion will be provided, and a facilitator will &ldquo;drop in&rdquo; on the groups or provide assistance if requested. Spokespeople from the small groups will present their conclusions to the large group.
Computing visual correspondence: incorporating the probability of a false match
Authors: D. P. Huttenlocher, E. W. Jaquith
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

We describe a method for computing visual correspondence which employs a formal model of the probability of a false match. This model estimates the chance that the best match for each point could have occurred at random. The model is effective at identifying points in one image for which there is no corresponding point in the other image, as occurs at depth boundaries in stereo and at motion boundaries in optical flow. More generally, the model can be used to identify points where the best match is of poor quality, as occurs in regions of uniform texture. We describe the similarity measure used in the method and present the formal model of a false match. We also show examples of using the method to compute stereo disparity.
Tracking and recognizing rigid and non-rigid facial motions using local parametric models of image motion
Authors: M. J. Black, Y. Yacoob
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

This paper explores the use of local parametrized models of image motion for recovering and recognizing the non-rigid and articulated motion of human faces. Parametric flow models (for example affine) are popular for estimating motion in rigid scenes. We observe that within local regions in space and time, such models not only accurately model non-rigid facial motions but also provide a concise description of the motion in terms of a small number of parameters. These parameters are intuitively related to the motion of facial features during facial expressions and we show how expressions such as anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust and sadness can be recognized from the local parametric motions in the presence of significant head motion. The motion tracking and expression recognition approach performs with high accuracy in extensive laboratory experiments involving 40 subjects as well as in television and movie sequences.
A layout synthesis system for NMOS gate-cells
Authors: J. Luhukay, W. J. Kubitz
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

A synthesis system for the automatic layout of NMOS gate cells is described. The cells are based on multigrid cell models and are intended for use as part of a chip synthesis system. An outline of the basic concepts of a CAD procedure for the layout synthesis of such cells is given. The main objective is to generate correct and compact cells with controlled growth in area when subjected to modified speed requirements. Both the layout synthesis procedure itself and algorithms are discussed.
Experience with trace driven modeling
Authors: A. S. Noetzel, L. A. Herring
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Simulation of computer systems (1976)

Trace-driven modeling is a technique for optimizing a computer system by simulation studies, in which the job load data required by the simulator is taken directly from the existing system. Its advantages are 1) a full statistical representation of the job load, 2) potentially more accurate, system-independent and relevant data, and 3) the possibility of wider-ranging simulation studies without the necessity of collecting more particular data. The variations of the trace-driven modeling technique that have occurred in practice are summarized. The above advantages of the technique and their limitations are then analyzed in the context of experience with it for the evaluation of a class of scheduling algorithms for an interactive system on the CDC 6400. Results of simulations showing the effects of interdependence of resource demand parameters are presented.
The use of simulation and gaming in information systems research
Authors: Theodore J. Mock, Miklos A. Vasarhelyi, John C. Fellingham
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

Research in management information systems and in information, communication or intelligence systems in general has grown significantly within the past decade. Yet although significant work is evident at both the theoretical level with the development of information economics and statistical decision theory and at the technical level as is evidenced by the development of complex on-line networks and advanced information storage and retrieval systems, little research which has focused upon information systems has utilized gaming and simulation techniques. Such techniques have been used by the authors in a series of related studies into information systems and decision processes. The paper contains two major experimental studies. The first is a series of information economics experiments where discreet event simulation is utilized to estimate the ex ante value of more timely information in a fifteen period decision process which contains four random environmental variables. The ex ante value and the information value which is realizable given the actual decision environment are then used as a standard with which to compare actual, realized information values obtained in controlled experiments. The empirical results obtained include evidence with respect to the value of more timely information, the value of detailed budgetary feedback and the impact of these information differences on learning rates. The second main study described in this paper considers gaming used to analyze an on-line directive planning system. In this context it is not possible to estimate information value, but experimental data with respect to user attitudes, type and degree of information utilization and the impact of decision approach is obtained.
Design Automation concerns (Position Paper)
Authors: J. B. Kane
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

I selected the following topics for discussion by the Design Automation Panel because of their general applicability to conference attendees and their interest to me as a manager of Design Automation development and support activities. @@@@ Hiring Qualified People @@@@ Management Expectations @@@@ How to Reduce Design Schedules and Costs @@@@ The Future of Design Automation The Position Papers which follow are intended to stimulate discussion among the panel members and do not necessarily present new or unique solutions to Design Automation problems.
Symbolic/numeric algorithms for partial differential equations
Authors: Dana L. Ulery, Hatem M. Khalil
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1976)

Symbolic computation has been used to generate classes of numeric algorithms for solving linear partial differential equations A two-phase procedure is described for automatically producing multiparameter families of difference approximations to the heat operator. In the first phase, a truncated series expansion is used to form the appropriate difference operator. The coefficients of the operator, functions of free parameters, are determined in the second phase. When the region is rectilinear, Vandermonde matrices are constructed which permit this phase to be computed numerically. When the region is irregular, a symbolic approach appears to be more efficient
A language for selective distortion of spatial structures
Authors: Fatih Akben, S. G. Haider
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

THE FOLLOWING PAPER IS AN ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP A NOTATION SYSTEM WHICH IS COMPUTABLE AND CAN BE ADAPTED TO EXISTING FORM LANGUAGES IN ORDER TO DISTORT THE TOPOLOGICAL AND/OR GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ANY OBJECT WHICH CAN BE REPRESENTED BY A TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE.