ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Parallel and distributed local search in COMET
Authors: Laurent Michel, Andrew See, Pascal Van Hentenryck
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2009)

The availability of commodity multiprocessors and high-speed networks of workstations offer significant opportunities for addressing the increasing computational requirements of optimization applications. To leverage these potential benefits, it is important, however, to make parallel and distributed processing easily accessible to a wide audience of optimization programmers. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing parallel and distributed programming abstractions that keep the distance from sequential local search algorithms as small as possible. The abstractions, including parallel loops, interruptions, thread pools, and shared objects, are compositional and cleanly separate the optimization program and the parallel instructions. They have been evaluated experimentally on a variety of applications, including warehouse location and coloring, for which they provide significant speedups.
Toward a common framework for computing e-government index
Authors: Abebe Rorissa, Dawit Demissie, Theresa A. Pardo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (2008)

Benchmarking and rankings are common practices to gauge the status or standing and assess the progress of entities such as institutions and countries with respect to a characteristic or variable. Countries are often ranked with respect to, among other things, their economic, human, and technological development. Benchmarking tools such as the e-Government index serve as useful tools for policy makers. Given the importance any benchmarking and ranking is given when devising policies regarding information and communication technologies and allocating resources to implement those technologies by institutions and countries, an objective framework to produce the rankings is paramount. A ranking is as good as the frameworks used to produce it. Despite their wider use, some of the current procedures used for e-Government index computation have limitations. For instance, they do not differentiate between websites that provide static information and fully fledged portals. This paper compares four frameworks, points out their limitations and strengths, and proposes ways to address their limitations.
SIGGRAPH Asia archive in Second Life
Authors: Hidenori Watanave
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 artgallery: emerging technologies (2008)

Hidenori Watanave is researching the arts in the 3D internet (for example, Second Life) and the 3DGIS (for example, Google Earth). He is interested in collaborative work in the realms of architecture and environmental design in tele-existence in the 3D internet.
Orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals for multimedia LCD's
Authors: W. Piecek, Z. Raszewski, X. W. Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology (2008)

Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals (FLC) were considered for high speed, high contrast displays and other high speed devices without the need of transistors and other active elements i.e., in passive matrix structures. However due to such obstacles like poor mechanical durability of the structure and tremendous scientific difficulties of a very basic nature their wide application is still hindered. Close related and similar polar smectic antiferroelectric liquid crystals (AFLC) offer less complicated solutions for high demanding applications and like FLC's, they are capable of fast, in-plane switching. Among all known AFLC's those exhibiting extremely high molecular tilt, reaching 45&deg;, called orthoconic AFLC's (OAFLC's) seems to be most promising for display application. OAFLC's are unique materials which in the surface stabilized structure (SSOAFLCs) show a peculiar electrooptical behavior. SSOAFLCs become an optically uniaxial and optically negative medium, with the optical axis perpendicular to the substrates plane. Due to this property SSOAFLCs provide excellent dark state at the normal incidence, hence an extremely high contrast, regardless of the surface stabilized structure defects. Such SSOAFLC's exhibiting threestable switching provide inherent gray scale capability, video-rate performance speed simultaneously with hemispheric viewing angle and remarkable mechanic durability. Due to this SSOAFLC are candidate for future passive multiplexed driving working displays with symmetric driving schemes and easy of gray scale generation. A key physical properties of OAFLC's are presented as well as their significance for the display manufacturing is discussed.
Path selection: a novel interaction technique for mapping applications
Authors: Michael Ludwig, Reid Priedhorsky, Loren Terveen
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

Many online mapping applications let users define routes, perhaps for sharing a favorite bicycle commuting route or rating several contiguous city blocks. At the UI level, defining a route amounts to selecting a fairly large number of objects - the individual segments of roads and trails that make up the route. We present a novel interaction technique for this task called path selection. We implemented the technique and evaluated it experimentally, finding that adding path selection to a state-of-the-art technique for selecting individual objects reduced route definition time by about a factor of 2, reduced errors, and improved user satisfaction. Detailed analysis of the results showed path selection is most advantageous (a) for routes with long straight segments and (b) when objects that are optimal click targets also are visually attractive.
On dispersion of nonlinear optical susceptibility for HHG in crystals
Authors: M. Mestechkin
Venue: Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (2008)

The Bloembergen-Armstrong formula [1] for the first nonlinear susceptibility (&chi;) of a molecular crystal in terms of hyperpolarizabilities of individual molecules is generalized to any order of nonlinearity. It accounts for dispersion and is presented in a similar way as the original one: &chi;$^{(k)}$(k) = c'(k)&xi;$^{(k)}$C(1,1,&mldr;,1), the superscript is the order of nonlinearity, lower by 1 than the tensor rank, c is the local field mixed tensor, C is the symmetrized k$^{th}$ power of the latter. The arguments are the frequency multiplicities (C depends on k arguments). A graphic technique is developed for construction of the tensor &xi;$^{(k)}$ from molecular hyperpolarizabilities of ranks, not exceeding k. The diagram technique is based on the root tree graphs approach and allows finding all parameters of the constituting elements, including the numerical coefficients and frequency multiplicities of all tensors. A recurrent formula for &xi;$^{(k)}$ is also given.
Electronic transport in n- and p-type modulation-doped GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells
Authors: Y. Sun, N. Balkan, A. Erol, M. C. Arikan
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

We present electronic transport in n- and p-type modulation-doped GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures. The Hall mobility of electrons in the n-type material decreases dramatically with increasing nitrogen composition. The mobility of 2D holes in p-modulation-doped quantum wells is significantly higher than that of 2D electrons in n-modulation-doped material with similar nitrogen concentration. The mobility of 2D electrons is discussed using a S-matrix model for N-related alloy scattering. The results indicate that the electron mobility is intrinsically limited by scattering from nitrogen complexes. The high mobility of 2D holes is explained in terms of negligible effect of nitrogen on valance band and the absence of scattering with localized nitrogen complexes.
Accounting for diversity in subjective judgments
Authors: Evangelos Karapanos, Jean-Bernard Martens, Marc Hassenzahl
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

In this paper we argue against averaging as a common practice in the analysis of subjective attribute judgments, both across and within subjects. Previous work has raised awareness of the diversity between individuals' perceptions. In this paper it will furthermore become apparent that such diversity can also exist within a single individual, in the sense that different attribute judgments from a subject may reveal different, complementary, views. A Multi-Dimensional Scaling approach that accounts for the diverse views on a set of stimuli is proposed and its added value is illustrated using published data. We will illustrate that the averaging analysis provides insight to only 1/6th of the total number of attributes in the example dataset. The proposed approach accounts for more than double the information obtained from the average model, and provides richer and semantically diverse views on the set of stimuli.
An adaptive approach for image encryption and secure transmission over multirate wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wei Wang, Dongming Peng, Honggang Wang, Hamid Sharif
Venue: Wireless Communications Mobile Computing (2009)

In this paper, we propose an innovative adaptive secure image delivery approach, to achieve effective and efficient image encryption based on an optimal transmission rate in terms of energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Our contribution is three folds&mdash;First, the proposed component based selective encryption scheme achieves high image security, while incurring little encryption overhead; furthermore, the proposed adaptive encryption scheme achieve the best security effort within delay bound; finally, the proposed transmission rate optimization improves energy efficiency, and feeds back effective path capacity parameters for adaptive encryption. Simulation results show a significant gain in both energy efficiency and security based on the proposed approach for image secure transmissions in WSN. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strada
Authors: Hojin Chang, Sukkyu Lee, Sooyeon Han
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 artgallery: emerging technologies (2008)

The concept of this work is "disappearing landscape." It presents background-subtracted moving images of people and objects from two different locations, so viewers encounter traces of peoples' movements and experience cultural differences and similarities simultaneously, in real time.
Communication Based Proactive Link Power Management
Authors: Sai Prashanth Muralidhara, Mahmut Kandemir
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers (2008)

As the number of cores in CMPs increases, NoC is projected to be the dominant communication fabric. Increase in the number of cores brings an important issue to the forefront, the issue of chip power consumption, which is projected to increase rapidly with the increase in number of cores. Since NoC infrastructure contributes significantly to the total chip power consumption, reducing NoC power is crucial. While circuit level techniques are important in reducing NoC power, architectural and software level approaches can be very effective in optimizing power consumption. Any such technique power saving technique should be scalable and have minimal adverse impact on performance. We propose a dynamic, communication link usage based, proactive link power management scheme. This scheme,using a Markov model, proactively manages communication link turn-ons and turn-offs, which results in negligible performance degradation and significant power savings. We show that our prediction scheme is about 98% accurate for the SPEC OMP benchmarks and about 93% over all applications experimented. This accuracy helps us achieve link power savings of up to 44% and an average link power savings of 23.5%. More importantly, it incurs performance penalties as low as 0.3% on average.
Improved understorey bamboo cover mapping using a novel hybrid neural network and expert system
Authors: T. J. Wang, A. K. Skidmore, A. G. Toxopeus
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2009)

The giant panda is an obligate bamboo grazer. Therefore, the availability and abundance of understorey bamboo determines the quantity and quality of panda habitat. However, there is little or no information about the spatial distribution or abundance of bamboo underneath the forest canopy, due to the limitations of traditional remote sensing classification techniques. In this paper, a new method combines an artificial neural network and a GIS expert system in order to map understorey bamboo in the Qinling Mountains of south-western China. Results from leaf-off ASTER imagery, using a neural network and an expert system, were evaluated for their suitability to quantify understorey bamboo. Three density classes of understorey bamboo were mapped, first using a neural network (overall accuracy 64.7%, Kappa 0.45) and then using an expert system (overall accuracy 62.1%, Kappa 0.43). However, when using the results of the neural network classification as input into the expert system, a significantly improved mapping accuracy was achieved with an overall accuracy of 73.8% and Kappa of 0.60 (average z-value = 3.35, p = 0.001). Our study suggests that combining a neural network with an expert system makes it possible to successfully map the cover of understorey species such as bamboo in complex forested landscapes (e.g. coniferous-dominated and dense canopy forests), and with higher accuracy than when using either a neural network or an expert system.
Simulation of executing robots in imperfectly known environments
Authors: L. Siklossy, J. Dreussi
Venue: Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition (1974)

A simulated robot solves tasks in environments which she knows only approximately. The robot is given a description of the environments and of her capabilities. From the latter, she generates procedures that are evaluated to solve tasks. As tasks are solved, the robot improves her knowledge of the environment and the efficiency with which she can solve problems. Unknown, correctly known, and incorrectly known facts are treated in a uniform manner. The design used, that of an executing robot, is contrasted to the design of planning robots. Executing robots may also be used to plan in perfectly known environments and are usually more efficient than planning robots. In imperfectly known environments, planning robots are inadequate.
Advanced methodology for evaluation of driver's actual state with use of technical driving data
Authors: Stanislav Novotny, Petr Bouchner
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Systems theory and scientific computation (2008)

This paper presents experiences from several hundred measurements and analysis of experiments performed on our driving simulators. Besides the experiment setup, it describes several different methods used for the classification of driver behavior based mainly on analysis of technical outputs from simulated driving. Our goal is to find out the objective methodology for evaluation of driver's actual state and for assessment of IVIS (or further any HMI devices used in the cars) with respect to drivers' skills and personalities. Such methodology, if successfully found, could serve in future as a comprehensive compound of automobile development process.
Pluggable Framework for Enabling the Execution of Extended BPEL Behavior
Authors: Rania Khalaf, Dimka Karastoyanova, Frank Leymann
Venue: Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2007 Workshops: ICSOC 2007, International Workshops, Vienna, Austria, September 17, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Adding runtime support for BPEL extensions typically requires (1) reacting to navigation events from a BPEL engine executing an extended process model and (2) affecting the engine's navigation behavior based on external triggers. This is usually achieved in a proprietary way for each engine and for each extension.In this paper, we provide a systematic approach to controlling and reacting to process behavior as well as growing the set of supported control points, thus enabling support for multiple application domains in a composable manner in a BPEL engine. The framework presented in this paper (1) enables a BPEL engine to support extensions, even on existing BPEL processes, and (2) allows developers to create pluggable extension implementations that can be reused across multiple BPEL engines. An implementation of the approach is presented and used in three different projects that need widely differing extended BPEL capabilities.
A Clausal Approach to Proof Analysis in Second-Order Logic
Authors: Stefan Hetzl, Alexander Leitsch, Daniel Weller, Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Logical Foundations of Computer Science (2009)

This work defines an extension CERES2 of the first-order cut-elimination method CERES to the subclass of sequent calculus proofs in second-order logic using quantifier-free comprehension. This extension is motivated by the fact that cut-elimination can be used as a tool to extract information from real mathematical proofs, and often a crucial part of such proofs is the definition of sets by formulas. This is expressed by the comprehension axiom scheme, which is representable in second-order logic. At the core of CERES2 lies the production of a set of clauses CL(ϕ) from a proof ϕ that is always unsatisfiable. From a resolution refutation &gamma; of CL(ϕ), a proof without essential cuts can be constructed. The main theoretical obstacle in the extension of CERES to second-order logic is the construction of this proof from &gamma;. This issue is solved for the subclass considered in this paper. Moreover, we discuss the problems that have to be solved to extend CERES2 to the complete class of second-order proofs. Finally, the method is applied to a simple mathematical proof that involves induction and comprehension and the resulting proof is analyzed.
Training adult novices to use computers: Effects of different types of illustrations
Authors: E. James Kehoe, Timothy C. Bednall, Leon Yin, Kirk N. Olsen, Claudia Pitts, Julie D. Henry, Phoebe E. Bailey
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2009)

Two experiments examined the acquisition of word-processing skills (Experiment 1) and internet usage skills (Experiment 2) by novice adults using three types of illustration, specifically, full-screen illustrations with the text superimposed, icons embedded in the text, and a control, text-only condition. Training with the full-screen or embedded icons yielded significant improvements in performance relative to the text-only condition only in tests that simply required the participants to repeat the step-by-step directions. When tests required that the participants themselves retrieve and reproduce the sequence of steps, the training with illustrations - especially the full-screen illustrations - repeatedly had a negative effect on performance. The results suggest that the illustrations, by making it easy to execute each step of a procedure during training, encouraged superficial processing, which in turn yielded a set of stimulus-response associations rather than a well-linked sequence of actions in long-term memory.
Architecture for a Secure Distributed Repository
Authors: Tomasz Haupt, Anand Kalyanasundaram, Igor Zhuk
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (2006)

This paper presents and discusses the design and implementation of authorization mechanisms for a data repository service for Grid environments that supports secure sharing of possibly confidential data by members of ad-hoc created groups. Such a system requires the separation of the repository into independent components thus adding to the complexity of the authorization mechanisms that protect both the storage service against unauthorized and possible malicious use, and intellectual property and confidentiality of the user's data. The solution proposed here extends the VOMS architecture, in favor of the other architectures for efficiency. The authorization is group-based with Group Membership Authorization Service responsible for maintaining the user roles in a virtual organization (i.e., the membership in a group). The user can now securely access data in a distributed repository by collecting SAML assertions from the component services and creating a complete assertion document that allows it to retrieve data from a data service.
Automatic Transformation from Semantic Description to Syntactic Specification for Geo-Processing Service Chains
Authors: Peng Yue, Jianya Gong, Liping Di
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems (2008)

In a service-oriented environment, where large volumes of geospatial data and diverse geo-processing functions are accessible as services, it is necessary to create service chains as geo-processing workflows to solve complex geospatial problems. Approaches developed in the literature for chaining services can be classified into two categories: static and dynamic. Industry-wide standards such as BPEL provide languages for syntactic specification of service chains. They can not support dynamic service chaining directly, thus can be classified as static approaches. Semantic Web technologies have been widely used to enable dynamic service chaining and are being introduced into geospatial domain. Currently syntactic specification has its advantage in having concrete and industry-wide tools. To take the best from both approaches, this paper provides an approach to automatically transform semantic description from Semantic Web approaches to syntactic specification for geo-processing service chains. Both syntactic specification and semantic description for OGC standards-compliant geospatial Web services and geo-processing chains are provided and illustrated using OWL-S and BPEL. Transformation strategy is presented and a prototype tool transforming OWL-S to BPEL is implemented to demonstrate the applicability of our approach.
An intrinsical description of group codes
Authors: José Joaquín Bernal, Ángel Río, Juan Jacobo Simón
Venue: Designs, Codes and Cryptography (2009)

A (left) group code of length n is a linear code which is the image of a (left) ideal of a group algebra via an isomorphism $${\mathbb{F}G \rightarrow \mathbb{F}^n}$$ which maps G to the standard basis of $${\mathbb{F}^n}$$ . Many classical linear codes have been shown to be group codes. In this paper we obtain a criterion to decide when a linear code is a group code in terms of its intrinsical properties in the ambient space $${\mathbb{F}^n}$$ , which does not assume an "a priori" group algebra structure on $${\mathbb{F}^n}$$ . As an application we provide a family of groups (including metacyclic groups) for which every two-sided group code is an abelian group code. It is well known that Reed---Solomon codes are cyclic and its parity check extensions are elementary abelian group codes. These two classes of codes are included in the class of Cauchy codes. Using our criterion we classify the Cauchy codes of some lengths which are left group codes and the possible group code structures on these codes.
Heavy Duty
Authors: Jung-Peng Chiou, Teddy Yang
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 computer animation festival (2008)

As the sun sets on a quiet street, an elderly man is taking a leisurely walk in the twilight. Suddenly he hears a scream coming from a nearby alley. Looking up, he discovers a portly lady hanging precariously below her porch, grasping the railing with both hands, calling for help as she dangles in mid-air. Startled, the old man darts into a phone booth. A retired superhero confronted once again by danger, the man must overcome his advanced age in order to step up and save the day.