ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Volumetric Model-Based CNC Simulation and Monitoring System in Augmented Environments
Authors: J. Zhang, S. K. Ong, A. Y. C. Nee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2006)

Machining process simulation and monitoring have been actively researched in the last thirty years. However, technologies developed in these two areas have not really been employed in the industries. Human operators are still the vital factor in any manufacturing processes. Augmented Reality (AR), a recently developed technology that seamlessly combines virtual information and the real environment, has been applied in various applications. AR technology, as a media between the reality, the operator and the digital world, has not yet been applied in the machining field. This paper discusses the possibilities and feasibilities of this fusion. Machining simulation based on a volumetric model is implemented. The system architecture and some implementation results are presented.
Stochastic optimization using model reference adaptive search
Authors: Jiaqiao Hu, Michael C. Fu, Steven I. Marcus
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

We apply the recently introduced approach of model reference adaptive search to the setting of stochastic optimization and report on simulation results.
Evolving Neural Networks for Pharmaceutical Research
Authors: Crina Grosan, Ajith Abraham, Stefan Tigan, Tae Gyu Chang, Dong Hwan Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

This article presents the application of Meta-Learning Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network (MLEANN) for a pharmaceutical research problem. Designing drugs is a current problem in the pharmaceutical research domain. By designing a drug we mean to choose some variables of drug formulation (inputs), for obtaining optimal characteristics of drug (outputs). To solve such a problem we propose an evolutionary artificial neural network and the performance is compared with a neuro-fuzzy system and an artificial neural network trained using scaled conjugate gradient algorithm. This research used the experimental data obtained from the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Techniques of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Bootstrap techniques were used to generate more samples of data and the number of experimental data is reduced due to the costs and time durations of experimentations. We obtain in this way a better estimation of some drug parameters. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method is efficient.
Towards dynamic data grid framework for eResearch
Authors: A. B. M. Russel, Asad I. Khan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Australasian workshops on Grid computing and e-research - Volume 54 (2006)

The scale at which scientific data is produced will undergo a massive change in the near future. Many sophisticated scientific discovery laboratories or the installation of sensor networks would produce a large amount of data. Research in protein crystallography for instance can produce hundreds of Terabytes of data from a single crystallography beamline. These data have to be saved for future use and made available for collaborative use by researchers. There is a need to develop a framework which can deal with storing such data volumes. This framework should also handle disparate data sources tightly integrated with the users' applications and large data streams arising from instruments and sensors. This paper presents an initial study into the framework for servicing large dynamic data sets over a national grid for eResearch.
Kleptographic Weaknesses in Benaloh-Tuinstra Protocol
Authors: Piotr Borzecki, Jedrzej Kabarowski, Przemyslaw Kubiak, Miroslaw Kutylowski, Filip Zagorski
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems and Networks Communication (2006)

During designing of cryptographic protocols, their participants are usually identified with software or hardware they use. However, these supporting tools are not verified at the protocol level. Such carelessness opens the door to kleptographic (SETUP) attacks. In this paper we design such an attack on the classical Benaloh-Tuinstra election protocol. One of the technical tools developed in the paper is a new variant of a Diffie-Hellman SETUP attack, in which Kronecker Decomposition of the group is not known to the attacker. This is especially the case of Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem.
Ensembles of Multilayer Perceptron and Modular Neural Networks for Fast and Accurate Learning
Authors: R. M. Valdovinos, J. S. Sanchez
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a classifier ensemble consisting of small-sized neural networks for accurate and fast learning. To this end, three topologies of neural networks are evaluated: the multilayer perceptron with two different configurations in the hidden layer, and the modular neural network. The experiments here carried out illustrate the effectiveness of the ensembles of neural networks in terms of average predictive accuracy and processing time, as compared to the single classifiers.
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Authors: Douglas S. J. De Couto, Daniel Aguayo, John Bicket, Robert Morris
Venue: Wireless Networks (2005)

This paper presents the expected transmission count metric (ETX), which finds high-throughput paths on multi-hop wireless networks. ETX minimizes the expected total number of packet transmissions (including retransmissions) required to successfully deliver a packet to the ultimate destination. The ETX metric incorporates the effects of link loss ratios, asymmetry in the loss ratios between the two directions of each link, and interference among the successive links of a path. In contrast, the minimum hop-count metric chooses arbitrarily among the different paths of the same minimum length, regardless of the often large differences in throughput among those paths, and ignoring the possibility that a longer path might offer higher throughput.This paper describes the design and implementation of ETX as a metric for the DSDV and DSR routing protocols, as well as modifications to DSDV and DSR which allow them to use ETX. Measurements taken from a 29-node 802.11b test-bed demonstrate the poor performance of minimum hop-count, illustrate the causes of that poor performance, and confirm that ETX improves performance. For long paths the throughput improvement is often a factor of two or more, suggesting that ETX will become more useful as networks grow larger and paths become longer.
A Self Funding Agile Transformation
Authors: Daniel Poon
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Funding is often seen an impediment to going agile. If cash is tight, you are not going to be able to pay for a "Big-Up-Front-Agile-Transformation'. However, transitioning to agile can be self-funding. If people take the first bold step themselves, they will find that the funding will sort itself out along the way.
A component-based framework for knowledge discovery in bioinformatics
Authors: Julien Etienne, Bernd Wachmann, Lei Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

Motivation: In the field of bioinformatics there is an emerging need to integrate all knowledge discovery steps into a standardized modular framework. Indeed, component-based development can significantly enhance reusability and productivity for short timeline projects with a small team. We present Interactive Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (iKDD), an application framework written in Java that was specifically designed for these purposes.Results: iKDD consists of a component-based architecture and a web-based tool for pre-clinical research and prototype development. The platform provides an intuitive and consistent interface to create and maintain components, e.g., data structures, algorithms and utilities to load, save and visualize data and pipelines. The rich-featured tool supplies database connectivity, workflow processing and rapid prototype building. The architecture was carefully designed using an object-oriented approach that respects crucial goals: usability, openness, robustness and functionality, especially in the abstraction and description of the components, which distinguishes it from other packages. iKDD is well-suited to serve as a public repository of components, to run scientific experiments with a high-level of reproducibility, and also to rapidly build prototypes. This paper describes the general architecture, and demonstrates through examples the ease by which a complex scenario implementation can be facilitated with iKDD.
Research on Context Modeling Based on Ontology
Authors: Xu Ying, Xu Fu-yuan
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Computing becomes increasing mobile and pervasive today. Building context-aware computing has been drawing much attention from researches. However, it is still a complex and time-consuming task due to lack of appropriate infrastructure or middleware-level support. In this paper, we first propose a formal context-model based on ontology using OWL to realize semantic context representation, context reasoning and knowledge sharing, context classification and so on. Our context model captures various contexts by introducing a classification scheme; captures relationships between different context information by introducing dependency tag to the property associated with a specified context class; captures quality of context by annotating sensed context with extensible quality constraints. It also supports the use of different context reasoning engines to reason about various contexts so that applications can be given a notion of the confidence of different contexts before acting on it. And then, based on the context model, an architecture for building of context-aware services is presented.
Distrust and trust in B2C e-commerce: do they differ?
Authors: D. Harrison McKnight, Vivek Choudhury
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

Researchers have not studied e-commerce <u>distrust</u> as much as e-commerce <u>trust</u>. This study examines whether trust and distrust are distinct concepts. If trust and distrust are the same, lack of distrust research matters little. But if they are different, the lack of distrust research could be problematic because distrust may have a unique B2C impact. While some researchers believe distrust simply means a low level of trust, others believe distrust is a concept entirely separate from trust. For the latter to be true, trust and distrust variables must first demonstrate discriminant validity from each other, and second, differ in what they themselves predict. This paper tests whether or not trust and distrust variables are distinct. It finds that three sets of trust and distrust concepts are discriminant from each other and that they tend to predict different variables. The findings also show that distrust is an important predictor of risky B2C actions like willingness to share information and willingness to purchase.
Refined Gaussian Weighted Histogram Intersection and Its Application in Number Plate Categorization
Authors: Wenjing Jia, Huaifeng Zhang, Xiangjian He, Qiang Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

This paper proposes a refined Gaussian weighted histogram intersection for content-based image matching and applies the method for number plate categorization. Number plate images are classified into two groups based on their colour similarities with the model image of each group. The similarities of images are measured by the matching rates between their colour histograms. Histogram intersection (HI) is used to calculate the matching rates of histograms. Since the conventional histogram intersection algorithm is strictly based on the matching between bins of identical colours, the final matching rate could easily be affected by colour variation caused by various environment changes. In our recent paper [9], a Gaussian weighted histogram intersection (GWHI) algorithm has been proposed to facilitate the histogram matching via taking into account matching of both identical colours and similar colours. The weight is determined by the distance between two colours. When applied to number plate categorization, the GWHI algorithm demonstrates to be more robust to colour variations and produces a classification with much lower intra-class distance and much higher interclass distance than previous HI algorithms. However, the processing speed of this GWHI method is still not satisfying. In this paper, the GWHI method is further refined, where a colour quantization method is utilized to reduce the number of colours without introducing apparent perceptual colour distortion. New experimental results demonstrate that using the refined GWHI method, image categorization can be done more efficiently.
Predicting the confusions that occur in letter learning
Authors: Jody S. Underwood
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

Learning to read a new alphabet is one of the first problems encountered by literate adults learning a foreign language. Little if any attention has been paid to the confusions that are commonly made when learning similar letters. Some say the acquisition of distinctive visual features---for example, the features that distinguish the letters F and E---is essential to the process of learning to read [Gibson & Levin, 1975; Eskey, 1987]. But these researchers make no suggestions for how to achieve this goal.
An Improved Formal Framework of Actions, Individual Intention and Group Intention for Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Xianwei Lai, Shanli Hu, Zhengyuan Ning
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

In order to improve existing work on investigating actions and intentions in cooperation logics, a new model is given to extend concurrent game structures. The assumption that different intelligent agents can not execute the same actions which obviously does not fit human commonsense understanding of the world has been done away with. Five functions that involved actions are given at length so that we can investigate the relations among agents, actions and states in depth within the context of social law. Two kinds of intentions (individual intention and group intention) have been investigated in the extended cooperation logic.
Space-Based Networking Technology Developments in the Interplanetary Network Directorate Information Technology Program
Authors: L. Clare, B. Clement, J. Gao, J. Hutcherson, E. Jennings
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (2006)

We present advanced technology developments in space networking achieved under the Interplanetary Network Directorate Information Technology Program. Progress has been made in three primary areas: (1) distributed on-board scheduling as it applies to communications, (2) middleware services, and (3) communications protocols. Demonstrations of these capabilities have been provided using a simulation environment capable of providing a realistic representation of the underlying space communications network environment.
A Training System for Photodynamic Therapy using Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Eduardo S. Barriga, Stephen Russell, Michael Abramoff, Robert Brittain, Russell Waymire, Anne Edwards, Richard Engstrom, Bert Davis, Peter Soliz
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

To become highly proficient at a given surgical procedure and to reduce risk to patients, physicians must gain experience through a number means. Some surgical procedures can be learned through practice on cadavers, animals, or physical models. Today computer models can provide the required realism to provide highly effective training. This paper presents a computer-based system that will be used for training ophthalmologists in the performance of two processes involving the application of laser to the retina: photodynamic therapy and panretinal photocaoagulation.
Polymorphic worm detection and defense: system design, experimental methodology, and data resources
Authors: Jisheng Wang, lhab Hamadeh, George Kesidis, David J. Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Large-scale attack defense (2006)

The polymorphic variety of Internet worms presents a formidable challenge to network intrusion detection and methods designed to extract payload signatures for worm containment. Recently, several systems, including Earlybird and Polygraph, have been proposed, based on efficient processing of payloads to extract signatures that are either explicitly indicative of an attack (exploit code strings) or which have unusual statistical character (content prevalence, address dispersion) consistent with worm activity. While these works are seminal, these systems have limitations that affect accuracy of the extracted signatures and/or practicability of the system's deployment. Earlybird's signature extraction is fragile to polymorphism, while Polygraph makes assumptions about data availability and the accuracy of front-end flow classification. This method also possesses high complexity.We propose a new method which, fundamentally, integrates header-based multidimensional flow clustering as front-end processing, with content sifting (signature extraction) performed, separately, solely on each cluster in the (small) subset of identified suspicious clusters. Front-end clustering improves purity of the (separate) signature pools and also reduces complexity. We apply a "suffix tree" approach to signature extraction, gleaning both length and frequency information. We demonstrate efficacy of our approach on a (background) trace taken from a /24 in Taiwan, which we salt with worm traffic based on two realistic polymorphic mechanisms that we propose. Since there is a dearth of public data for such testing, we have also made an anonymized version of this trace available, based on randomized headers and fingerprinted payloads.
Using Ontologies to Model and Execute IMS Learning Design Documents
Authors: Ricardo Amorim, Manuel Lama, Eduardo Sanchez
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

This paper briefly describes how ontologies can be used to model, validate and execute IMS Learning Design. The main contribution relies on incorporate the implicit knowledge found on the IMS LD specification in terms of formal axioms.
A Subsampling and Quantization Based Watermarking Scheme Resisted the Permutation Attacking
Authors: Chia An Huang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Te-hui Kuo, Jaw-Shyang Wu, Chuang Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

The paper proposed a subsampling and quantization based watermarking scheme to resist the permutation attack. The subsampling based watermarking schemes have drawn great attention for its convenience and effectiveness recently, but this kind of watermarking schemes is very vulnerable to the permutation attack. In this paper, the watermark information is embedded into the average values of the 3-level DWT coefficients to resist the permutation attack. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can resist not only the permutation attack but also some common image processing attacks.
Presenting Scientific Legacy Programs as Grid Services via Program Synthesis
Authors: Jurgen Hofer, Thomas Fahringer
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Extraordinary long lifecycles of many scientific applications commonly surpass multiple generations of Grid technologies. Therefore the smooth adaptation and migration to newer environments remains as interesting research question. This paper presents the Otho Toolkit for synthesis of application-specific Grid service wrappers based on specifications of scientific legacy programs. The services are customised and tailor-made for a specific application, service hosting environment and computational infrastructure and include source code for optional manual refinement. We demonstrate its unique combination of advanced features like support for multiple service platforms, parameter sweeping, iterative and parallel programs, progress-reporting, filestaging and security credential management. Moreover our services reliably identify program termination-causes based on programmatically evaluated post-mortem program states. We applied the Otho Toolkit recursively to itself to synthesise a sophisticated Factory service that creates application-specific Grid services on-demand^1.
Joint Halftoning and Visible Watermarking
Authors: Hao Luo, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Zhe-Ming Lu, Bin-Yih Liao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

Visible watermarking is a technique to embed a perceivable image in a host image for copyright protection. Existing visible watermarking methods mainly concern about continuous-tone images, however, few attention is paid to two-tone images. This paper proposes a visible watermarking scheme for halftone images called joint halftoning and visible watermarking (JHVW). JHVW embeds data during halftoning, namely the host image is a continuous-tone image and the watermarked image is a halftone image. The watermarked halftone image contains recognizable but unobtrusive watermark information, and the details of the host image still be maintained. Our schemes can be used in applications such as in advertisement or as a restriction.
Hierarchical Organization of the Human Auditory Cortex Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: C. M. Wessinger, J. Vanmeter, B. Tian, J. Van Lare, J. Pekar, J. P. Rauschecker
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

The concept of hierarchical processing - that the sensory world is broken down into basic features later integrated into more complex stimulus preferences - originated from investigations of the visual cortex. Recent studies of the auditory cortex in nonhuman primates revealed a comparable architecture, in which core areas, receiving direct input from the thalamus, in turn, provide input to a surrounding belt. Here functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that the human auditory cortex displays a similar hierarchical organization: pure tones (PTs) activate primarily the core, whereas belt areas prefer complex sounds, such as narrow-band noise bursts.
Semantic Integration of Web-Based Learning Resources: A Topic MapsBased Approach
Authors: Mourad Ouziri
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

To make an efficient and complete learning activity, many learning repositories have to be accessed by integrating and reusing learning resources. Unfortunately, learning resources are described by using several standards of metadata. In this paper, we propose a semantic representation and integration of Web-based learning resources to enable more efficient accessibility and reusing. We use Topic Maps to represent learning resources and associated semantics such as metadata. Topic Maps is an ISO standard. Using Topic Maps, it is suitable to assign semantics to Web-based learning resources, given in a common ontology. So, learning resources are able to be effectively processed and reused in many e-learning applications. In this paper, we make a semantic integration of heterogeneous e-learning repositories.