ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A case study in class testing
Authors: Daniel Hoffman, Paul Strooper
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 (1993)

In contrast to the explosion of activity in object-oriented design and programming, little attention has been given to object testing. In our approach, a driver class and an oracle class are developed for each class-under-test (CUT). The driver class is based on a testgraph which partially models the CUT as a state machine, but with vastly fewer states and transitions. The oracle class provides essentially the same operations as the CUT, but supports only the testgraph states and transitions. Surprisingly thorough testing is achievable with simple test graphs and oracles. The key is designing the two together, to avoid tests for which input generation and output checking are unaffordable. We illustrate our approach with a test suite developed for a class from a commercial library.
Fault diagnosis for nonlinear systems using a bank of neural estimators
Authors: A. Alessandri
Venue: Computers in Industry (2003)

A model-based method to detect faults in nonlinear systems is proposed. Fault diagnosis is accomplished by means of a bank of estimators, which provide estimates of parameters that describe actuator, plant, and sensor faults. These estimators perform according to a receding-horizon strategy and are designed using models of the failures. The problem of designing such estimators for general nonlinear systems is solved by searching for optimal estimation functions. These functions are approximated by feedforward neural networks and the problem is reduced to find the optimal neural weights. The learning can be split into two phases. In the first one, any possible "a priori" knowledge on the statistics of the random variables is used to initialize the neural estimation functions off line. In the second one, the optimization (or training) continues on line. Both off and on line learning rely on stochastic approximation. The performances obtained in the estimation of the fault parameters by the proposed neural estimators and by the extended Kalman filters are compared by means of simulations with an application to underwater robotics.
Password-Based Authentication: A System Perspective
Authors: Art Conklin, Glenn Dietrich, Diane Walz
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 7 - Volume 7 (2004)

User authentication in computer systems has been a cornerstone of computer security for decades. The concept of a user id and password is a cost effective and efficient method of maintaining a shared secret between a user and a computer system. One of the key elements in the password solution for security is a reliance on human cognitive ability to remember theshared secret. In early computing days with only a few computer systems and a small select group of users, this model proved effective.With the advent of the Internet, e-commerce, and the proliferation of PCs in offices and schools, the user base has grown both in number and in demographic base. Individual users no longer have single passwords for single systems, but are presented with the challenge of remembering numerous passwords for numerous systems, from email, to web accounts, to banking and financial services. This paper presents a conceptual model depicting how users and systems work together in this function and examines the consequences of the expanding user base and the use of password memory aids.A system model of the risks associated with password-based authentication is presented from a user centric point of view including the construct of user password memory aids. When confronted with too much data to remember, users will develop memory aids to assist them in the task of remembering important pieces of information. These user password memory aids form a bridge between otherwise unconnected systems and have an effect on system levelsecurity across multiple systems interconnected by the user. A preliminary analysis of the implications of this user centric interconnection of security models is presented.
The Software Concordance: Using a Uniform Document Model to Integrate Program Analysis and Hypermedia
Authors: Satish Chandra Gupta, Tien Nhut Nguyen, Ethan V. Munson
Venue: Proceedings of the Tenth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference Software Engineering Conference (2003)

Since the source code is only one of many types of documentsthat must be maintained as a software system evolves,modern software development could be improved by betterinteroperability between source code and other softwaredocuments. The Software Concordance is a prototype programmingenvironment that uses hypermedia services anda uniform document model to achieve this interoperability.The Software Concordance editor allows developers to enhancetheir inline documentation with multimedia objectsand hyperlinks, while still supporting advanced programanalysis including lexing, parsing and type checking.This paper motivates the need for environments likethe Software Concordance, describes the design and implementationof its program editor, and discusses lessonslearned while creating it. The system is based on a uniform,Web compatible document model for both program sourcecode and non-program software documents and a correspondingAPI. Important technical problems addressed bythis research include creating a persistent representationof program lexemes that the analysis suite considers tobe ephemeral (such as keywords), providing a simple incrementalparsing system, and embedding multimedia insource code without disrupting program analysis. Basedon insight gained in the process of implementing the documentAPI, a new approach to the design of a more suitableprogram analysis infrastructure is suggested.
Sources for Software Development: A Mugwumpish View
Authors: Robert L. Glass
Venue: IEEE Software (2004)

Outsourcing, overseas development, and foreign workers displacing American ones: These are all interesting issues, but in a sense they're all so "last century." Or are they?
An Efficient Approach to Crosstalk Noise Analysis at Multiple Operating Modes
Authors: Sreeram Chandrasekar, Sachin Shrivastava, Ajoy Mandal, Sornavalli Ramanathan
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

Crosstalk Noise analysis uses timing windowsinformation for aggressor selection. Since switchingactivity changes across different operating modes of thechip, timing windows are also mode-specific. Large SOCdesigns often have multiple modes of operation, and toperform noise analysis at each mode will involve veryhigh run times. In this paper, we propose an efficientmethod to perform noise analysis at multiple modes. Thedesign is analyzed without using timing windows toidentify a superset of noise nets. At each mode, couplingand propagated glitches are re-evaluated using modespecific timing windows and constraints. The methodyields realistic results with low analysis time.
A framework for cognitive skill acquisition and spreadsheet training in end-users
Authors: S. E. Kruck, John J. Maher, Reza Barkhi
Venue: Advanced topics in end user computing (2003)

It is well documented that electronic spreadsheet models utilized in many professions to enhance decision-making frequently contain errors that have negative effects on the ultimate quality of decisions. Limited research has been published that systematically identifies potential reasons for the causes of these errors, and what procedures can be taken to minimize or eliminate them. Our research provides initial evidence concerning this problem area by investigating how several important cognitive skills are affected by formalized spreadsheet training. Results indicate that one cognitive skill, logical reasoning, significantly increases after a six-week training period. Importantly, the greater the increase in logical reasoning skill, the more effectively the subject performed developing competent spreadsheet models. These findings provide a meaningful step in more perceptibly understanding and defining important cognitive changes that occur in individuals as they undergo formalized spreadsheet development training. Further extensions of this research should more clearly refine our understanding of the cognitive changes that occur in spreadsheet developers and eventually cultivate the development of more efficient and effective training methods for spreadsheet model designers.
Petri net modeling of gate and interconnect delays for power estimation
Authors: Ashok K. Murugavel, Nagarajan Ranganathan
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2003)

Switching activity estimation is an important step in average power estimation of VLSI circuits at the gate level. In this paper, we present a novel approach based on Petri net modeling for real delay switching activity and power estimation of CMOS circuits, considering both gate and interconnect delays. We propose a new type of Petri net called hierarchical colored hardware Petri net (HCHPN), which accurately captures the spatial and temporal correlations in modeling switching activity. The logic circuit is first modeled as a gate signal graph (GSG) which is then converted into the corresponding HCHPN and simulated as a Petri net to obtain the switching activity estimates and the power values. The proposed method is accurate and fast compared to other simulative methods. Experimental results are provided for ISCAS '85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits and compared with the commercial tools, PowerMill, and Prime Power.
The role of two-year colleges in educating the cyber-security workforce
Authors: Robert D. Campbell, Elizabeth K. Hawthorne, Karl J. Klee
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

This poster presentation showcases a current project of the Two-Year College Education Committee, a standing committee of the ACM Education Board.
Stabilization and attitude of a triaxial rigid body by lie group methods
Authors: A. San Miguel
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2003)

This paper deals with the construction of algorithms which preserve the first integrals of a class of forced rigid motions, which retains a Hamiltonian structure, using Lie group methods such as those due to Lewis and Simo and Munthe-Kaas. For these mechanical systems, we also study the reconstruction of dynamical processes to describe the evolution of the orientation of the forced rigid body in space; for this we consider different algorithms to solve the kinematic equations. A comparison between these algorithms is made. Finally, we illustrate the numerical methods discussed here, studying the stabilization of the relative equilibrium corresponding to the stationary rotation about the intermediate axis in the presence of external torques about the minor axis.
eCAD: A Knowledge-Based Course Engineering System
Authors: Timothy J. Ellis, William Hafner, Frank Mitropoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 1 - Volume 1 (2004)

Colleges and universities have increasingly migrated towards utilizing the World Wide Web to convey at least a part and, in many cases, their entire curricular offering. Despite this trend, there is inadequate support for the professors responsible for restructuring the courses they have refined over a career in the classroom for delivery via the Web. Teachers who are expert in their subject area and masters of their craft when in a classroom find themselves in the uncomfortable position of having to relearn how to teach in a new environment with little orno support.The process of planning and developing a course for delivery in an online environment is, in many significant aspects, analogous to the processes required to develop a software system. Both situations require the developer to manage resources through a series of steps with the goal of designing a product that effectively utilizes the computer to solve a problem. The procedures and tools used in software engineering to manage software system development, therefore, offer promise for developing online courses. Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools are of special interest by virtue of the support afforded the development process through computerization.This paper offers an architectural overview of a knowledge-based, course engineering system: eCAD (electronic Course Analysis & Design). The requirements for the system, the manner in which those criteria were developed and validated, and system design will be detailed. A working prototype will also be presented.
Comparing semantic frameworks for coordination: on the conformance issue for coordination media
Authors: Mirko Viroli
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

A fundamental issue in the engineering of coordination models is to design coordination abstractions that are correct with respect to the specification of the coordination model they implement. The traditional semantic framework for coordination is focused on describing the admissible evolutions over time of a coordinated system, and is particularly suitable for specifying the laws of a coordination model. On the other hand, formally describing run-time aspects of an implementation requires a different framework, capturing as fundamental idea the interactive behavior of a coordination medium.In this paper, these two frameworks are compared by tackling a crucial issue of coordination models, that is, the conformance of an implementation with respect to a specification. In particular, a definition of conformance is introduced that is shown to be compatible with the standard notion of implementation by horizontal refinement promoted in the context of process algebras.
Quantifying Operational Synergies in a Merger/Acquisition
Authors: Diwakar Gupta, Yigal Gerchak
Venue: Management Science (2002)

Merger and acquisition activity has increased sharply in the last decade. It seems useful to have models that can help senior managers of bidder firms make informed decisions about the amount of premium, over the target's share prices prevailing prior to merger announcement, that can be justified on the basis ofoperational synergies. The goal of this article is to capture important parameters from the production side that have a bearing on the valuation of the target's shares. We show that the production characteristics of both the bidder and the target matter in a significant way. For example, if the bidder and target operate in independent markets, the bidder has flexible production facilities but the target's production facilities are inflexible, then an increase in the bidder's demand can make the target less attractive and lower the value of operational synergy.
Action Research and System Dynamics: Can They Benefit from Each Other?
Authors: Hans J. (Jochen) Scholl
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 3 - Volume 3 (2004)

Messy and ill-defined problems are at the center of studies both in Action Research and System Dynamics. However, while Action Research is seen as a research method far out on the qualitative side of the spectrum, System Dynamics seems to be equally far out on the quantitative side. Yet, both research methodologies employ iterative and spiral designs, which resemble each other in various phases. As in Action Research, practitioners have collaborated with researchers in System Dynamics model building in pursuit of improving anorganizational situation. The paper discusses the discrepancies, intersections, and complementarities of the two methods, and proposes the integration of System Dynamics Group Model Building into Participatory Action Research.
A Framework for Web-based Research Support Systems
Authors: Y. Y. Yao
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications (2003)

The objective of research support systems (RSS) is tosupport and improve research, which may be viewed as acounterpart of decision support systems (DSS) for scientists.Web-based RSS (WRSS) assist scientists in the researchprocess on the Web platform. WRSS are based onthe assembling, integration, and adaption of existing computertechnology and information systems for the purpose ofresearch support. A framework of WRSS is presented by focusingon research activities and phases, as well as the technologysupport needed. The emphasis is on the conceptualformulation of WRSS. Different systems are linked to variousresearch activities, and a pool of support sub-systemsis established. As an illustrative example, Web-based informationretrieval support systems (WIRSS) are discussed.The results of WRSS may lead to new and viable researchtools.
Simulation in the health services and biomedicine
Authors: James G. Anderson
Venue: Applied system simulation: methodologies and applications (2003)

Computer simulation can be used to evaluate complex health services and biomedical systems in situations where traditional methodologies are difficult or too costly to employ. The construction of a computer simulation model involves the development of a model that represents important aspects of the system under evaluation. Once validated, the model can be used to study the effects of variations in system inputs, differences in initial conditions and changes in the structure of the system. The modeling process is described followed by a review of examples where computer simulation has been utilized in health care policy making, health services planning, biomedical applications from the systems to the cellular and genetic level, and education.
Technology mapping using boolean matching and don't care sets
Authors: Frédéric Mailhot, Giovanni De Micheli
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1990)

We describe a new approach to technology mapping where matchings are recognized by means of Boolean operations. The matching algorithm uses tautology checking based on Shannon decompositions. We show how to use the symmetry and unateness properties to speed-up the Boolean matching algorithm. We examine how don't care information can be used during Boolean matching. The algorithms have been implemented in program Ceres and tested on the 1989 MCNC benchmark circuits.
The Inventory Benefit of Shipment Coordination and Stock Rebalancing in a Supply Chain
Authors: Ki Ling Cheung, Hau L. Lee
Venue: Management Science (2002)

In this paper, we examine two information-based supply-chain efforts that are often linked to Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) programs. Specifically, we consider a supplier serving multiple retailers located in a close proximity. The first effort uses information on the retailers' inventory positions to coordinate shipments from the supplier to enjoy economies of scale in shipments, such as full truckloads.The second effort uses the same information for eventual unloading of the shipments to the retailers to rebalance their stocking positions. How much benefit do we gain from such initiatives? What are the relative benefits of the two initiatives? What are the drivers of such benefits? This paper seeks answers to these questions.
iCare " A User Centric Approach to the Development of Assistive Devices for the Blind and Visually Impaired
Authors: Sethuraman Panchanathan, John Black, Mike Rush, Vivek Iyer
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2003)

There are approximately 10 million blind and visually-impaired persons in the United States. As the information economy accounts for a larger percent of jobs, people who are blind face barriers when competing for jobs that require vision to access, absorb, and use information. While much research effort has been expended toward developing assistive devices for theblind, many of the technological solutions proposed are unworkable. Many of these assistive devices fall short of meeting the needs of users, and sometimes even create more problems than they solve. In order to avoid repeating these mistakes, a user-centric approach is vital to the design of assistive devices. This paper describes our own efforts to develop and employ such a design methodology in the iCare project. In this project, the research efforts are being focused on those problems that will have the greatest impact on the day-to-day life of the user, and that are technologically feasible.
Computing forbidden words of regular languages
Authors: Marie-Pierre Béal, Maxime Crochemore, Filippo Mignosi, Antonio Restivo, Marinella Sciortino
Venue: Fundamenta Informaticae (2002)

We give a quadratic-time algorithm to compute the set of minimal forbidden words of a factorial regular language. We give a linear-time algorithm to compute the minimal forbidden words of a finite set of words. This extends a previous result given for the case of a single word only.We also give quadratic-time algorithms to check whether a regular language is factorial or anti-factorial.
Internet-based Decision Support: Towards E-Hospital
Authors: Shusaku Tsumoto, Shoji Hirano, Eisuke Hanada
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications (2003)

Rapid progress in information techology enables us toretrieve relevant information from databases on the internet.Medical and health care are not exceptions: the recentadvances provide a new environment to telemedicine,in which online information retrieval has been challengingproblems. In this paper, a new approach to internet-baseddecision support from university hospital is presented. Thesystem consists of the following four components: one is aweb-based system for home doctors, which supports writingan introduction letter to the university hospital. Second onegives a diagnostic and therapeutic report on the patient whowas introduced by home doctors and admitted to the universityhospital. Third system gives reports on medical imagesand pathological examinations. Finally, the fourth onemakes a decision support for neurological diseases. The integratedsystem has been already in use at Shimane UniversityHospital since 2001 and is now being evaluated by doctorsinside/outside the hospital.
Estimation of the Dead Time of an Asynchronous Double Stochastic Flow of Events under Incomplete Observability
Authors: L. A. Vasil'eva, A. M. Gortsev
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2003)

The dead time and parameters of an asynchronous double stochastic event flow, which is the model for information flows of customers (events) in queueing systems and networks, are estimated. Conditions for the observability of flow are such that every event generates a dead time period, in which other events are not observable (continued dead time). The Laplace transform of the probability density of the event-event interval in the observed flow is determined. Equations of moments for estimating the dead time and parameters of the initial event flow are derived.
Law of large numbers for sample mean of random weighting estimate
Authors: Shesheng Gao, Jingmei Zhang, Tao Zhou
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2003)

For the random weighting mean, a strong law of large numbers is obtained under the assumption of finiteness of the rth moment, for some r > 1, and weak law of large numbers is obtained under the finiteness of the first moment.