ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
pRoute: Peer selection using shared term similarity matrices
Authors: Ronny Siebes, Spyros Kotoulas
Venue: Web Intelligence and Agent Systems (2007)

Peer-to-Peer systems have proven to be an effective way of sharing data. The focus of this paper is on distributed search based on Peer-to-Peer technology. In this paper we present the pRoute system where peers advertise a short description of the content that they share, namely a set of terms. Peers remember the advertisements of related peers and thereby form a semantic overlay by which we mean that peers with similar content are grouped together. Peers calculate the similarity between their content descriptions by a term similarity function which, in the ideal case, is identical for all peers. In simulation experiments we compare the performance of different advertisement- and forwarding policies with respect to precision, recall and the number of messages. The results indicate precision and recall increase when the policies take semantics into account, without an increase of the number of advertisement- and query messages.
A numerical scheme for the impulse control formulation for pricing variable annuities with a guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB)
Authors: Zhuliang Chen, Peter A. Forsyth
Venue: Numerische Mathematik (2008)

In this paper, we outline an impulse stochastic control formulation for pricing variable annuities with a guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB) assuming the policyholder is allowed to withdraw funds continuously. We develop a numerical scheme for solving the Hamilton&#x2013;Jacobi&#x2013;Bellman (HJB) variational inequality corresponding to the impulse control problem. We prove the convergence of our scheme to the viscosity solution of the continuous withdrawal problem, provided a strong comparison result holds. The scheme can be easily generalized to price discrete withdrawal contracts. Numerical experiments are conducted, which show a region where the optimal control appears to be non-unique.
A norm descent BFGS method for solving KKT systems of symmetric variational inequality problems
Authors: Ji-Wei Zhang, Dong-Hui Li
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2007)

In this article, the KKT system of the variational inequality problem is reformulated as a nonsmooth equation. On the basis of this reformulation, a norm descent BFGS method is proposed. The method is globally and superlinearly convergent.
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Venue: International Conference on Digital Libraries (2008)

Welcome to JCDL 2008! Authors from 27 countries submitted technical papers to the conference this year. A large number of reviewing and organizing volunteers then worked hard to bring this meeting together. Thanks to their efforts we have assembled a program that should keep you busy at the conference. For the first time we also decided to expose ourselves to the realities of digital information by distributing the proceedings as USB memory sticks. The materials you find on your stick will also be available on the ACM Digital Library. Over the past decades, joint efforts of computing and library communities worldwide have resulted in information technologies way beyond online catalogs and scanned materials. The result has been a raised level of attention to the incorporation of digital video, geographically anchored information, economic models of digital publishing, novel user interfaces to online resources, and a number of further aspects that broadened the notion of librarianship. The World-Wide Web added additional dimensions. Large interlinked document networks, citizen authorship, extreme rates of content production, and the internationalization of the Web 'collection' are some of the additional challenges the Web contributed to our field. The 117 full papers and 61 short papers we received this year covered all of these aspects. The submissions demonstrated that the interdisciplinary spirit of Digital Libraries as an academic and industry discipline is vibrantly alive. We could, of course, accept but a small fraction of the submissions. The program committee selected 33 of the full papers and 21 of the shorts. The acceptance rate was thus 28% for full papers, and 34% for short format submissions. Our program this year also includes a room full of posters and demonstrations, as well as panels and three invited keynote speakers. Tutorials, workshops, and the Doctoral Consortium frame the core program, making for a very full experience all around.
Graph products and chromatic numbers
Authors: N. Linial
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1989)

The problem of computing the chromatic number of a graph is considered. No known approximation algorithm can guarantee a better than O(n/sup 0.4/) coloring on a three-chromatic graph with n vertices. Evidence is provided that it is inherently impossible to achieve a better than n/sup epsilon / ratio in polynomial time by showing that 'breaking the n/sup epsilon / barrier' will automatically lead to vastly better polynomial-time approximation algorithms that achieve ratios closer to log n.
Frequency granger causality test in cointegration system by wavelet analysis
Authors: Yuan Jia-Hai, Zhao Chang-Hong, Xiong Min-Peng
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on APPLIED MATHEMATICS (2006)

Frequency domain Granger causality test is an important field in economics however by now no simple tools exist for the calculation. In the paper, we propose a novel method based on wavelet analysis to test the impact of specific frequency fluctuation of series in establishing the cointegration and Granger causility among series. The method is rather time domain oriented and can rely on the standard procedure of error correction model (Johansen & Juselius 1990; Johansen 1995). A simple case study for electricity consumption and economic growth in China is reported in the paper to validate our method.
Identifying components for interoperable process models using concept lattice and semantic reference system
Authors: Ling Bian, Shixiong Hu
Venue: International Journal of Geographical Information Science (2007)

The development of interoperable environmental process models is widely supported by both the research community and government agencies. This paper discusses a conceptual framework to guide the delineation of process components, the basic unit of interoperable models. The concepts of semantic reference system and dual hierarchy are explored to establish the conceptual framework. Based on this discussion, the Formal Concept Analysis is used as an analytical approach to decompose and fuse existing environmental process models in order to identify environmental process components. For purposes of discussion, a hydrological process, surface runoff, is used throughout the paper as an example of an environmental process to support the conceptual discussion and to illustrate the application of the conceptual framework and analytical approach.
GMDH-type neural network algorithm with a feedback loop for structural identification of RBF neural network
Authors: Tadashi Kondo, Abhijit S. Pandya, Hirofumi Nagashino
Venue: International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems (2007)

In this paper, a Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type neural network algorithm with a feedback loop for structural identification of Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is proposed. In case of the GMDH-type neural network, the network architecture is automatically organized by heuristic self-organization. Optimum architecture is evolved using one of the criterions, defined as Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) or Prediction Sum of Squares (PSS), for minimizing the prediction error. In the conventional multilayered neural network, prediction error criteria defined as AIC and PSS cannot be used to determine the neural network architecture. In case of the GMDH-type neural network proposed in this paper, structural parameters such as the number of neurons, relevant input variables and the number of feedback loop calculations are automatically determined so as to minimize AIC or PSS. Furthermore, the GMDH-type neural network can identify RBF neural network accurately, since the complexity of the neural network is increased gradually by feedback loop calculations.
Quantitative Analysis of Colonoscopy Skills Using the KAIST-Ewha Colonoscopy Simulator II
Authors: Sun Young Yi, Kum Hei Ryu, Hyun Soo Woo, Woojin Ahn, Woo Seok Kim, Doo Yong Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

This paper presents a clinical evaluation of the KAIST-Ewha Colonoscopy Simulator II, which includes quantitative analysis of colonoscopy experts' and trainees' profiles during simulation. This version of the colonoscopy simulator employs an actual colonoscope with added electronics for simulation, and succeeds the previous version of the colonoscopy simulator with the specialized haptic device and proprietary colon modeler. Five colonoscopy experts participated in the profiling of the experts' colonoscopy motions. Nine subjects consisting of three fellows and six residents participated in the training efficacy evaluation of the developed simulator. Two colon models constructed from patients' CT data are used for the training and the trainees' performance parameters are logged in real-time during simulation. Comparison of the trainees' profiles during the first 10 trials and the last 10 trials shows that the targeted colonoscopy skills are acquired well through the simulation-based training.
Test-driven development: can it work for spreadsheets?
Authors: Kevin McDaid, Alan Rust, Brian Bishop
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering (2008)

It is widely documented that the absence of a structured approach to spreadsheet engineering is a key factor in the high level of spreadsheet errors. In this paper we propose and investigate the application of Test-Driven Development to the creation of spreadsheets. Test-Driven Development is an emerging development technique in software engineering that has been shown to result in better quality software code. It has also been shown that this code requires less testing and is easier to maintain. Through a set of case studies we demonstrate that Test-Driven Development can be applied to the development of spreadsheets. We present the detail of these studies preceded by a clear explanation of the technique and its application to spreadsheet engineering. A supporting tool under development by the authors is also documented along with proposed research to determine the effectiveness of the methodology and the associated tool.
Design and evaluation of a compiler for embedded stream programs
Authors: Ryan R. Newton, Lewis D. Girod, Michael B. Craig, Samuel R. Madden, John Gregory Morrisett
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems (2008)

Applications that combine live data streams with embedded, parallel, and distributed processing are becoming more commonplace. WaveScript is a domain-specific language that brings high-level, type-safe, garbage-collected programming to these domains. This is made possible by three primary implementation techniques, each of which leverages characteristics of the streaming domain. First, we employ a novel evaluation strategy that uses a combination of interpretation and reification to partially evaluate programs into stream dataflow graphs. Second, we use profile-driven compilation to enable many optimizations that are normally only available in the synchronous (rather than asynchronous) dataflow domain. Finally, we incorporate an extensible system for rewrite rules to capture algebraic properties in specific domains (such as signal processing). We have used our language to build and deploy a sensornetwork for the acoustic localization of wild animals, in particular, the Yellow-Bellied marmot. We evaluate WaveScript's performance on this application, showing that it yields good performance on both embedded and desktop-class machines, including distributed execution and substantial parallel speedups. Our language allowed us to implement the application rapidly, while outperforming a previous C implementation by over 35%, using fewer than half the lines of code. We evaluate the contribution of our optimizations to this success.
A study on X party material flow: the theory and applications
Authors: H. Hou, S. Xu, H. Wang
Venue: Enterprise Information Systems (2007)

A thorough study of X party material flow (XPMF), its theory and its applications is conducted in this research. The X material flow concept is an extension of the material flow (MF) theory. To further elucidate that XPMF is one type of MF service model with PMF (party, material, flow) fractal structure and the characteristics of XPMF, we develop the three-pyramid synergetic operational model of XPMF. Through the analysis of several cases, we believe that OIR (Objective relational grade, Information sharing grade, and Resource complementary grade) is the set of order parameters that control and determine the formation of XPMF new structure and its degree of being ordered. Therefore it reveals the mechanism of XPMF formation and evolution. We also provide the principles and the methods for XPMF control.
What can be approximated locally?: case study: dominating sets in planar graphs
Authors: Christoph Lenzen, Yvonne Anne Oswald, Roger Wattenhofer
Venue: Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures (2008)

Whether local algorithms can compute constant approximations of NP-hard problems is of both practical and theoretical interest. So far, no algorithms achieving this goal are known, as either the approximation ratio or the running time exceed O(1), or the nodes are provided with non-trivial additional information. In this paper, we present the first distributed algorithm approximating a minimum dominating set on a planar graph within a constant factor in constant time. Moreover, the nodes do not need any additional information.
A Developing Country'S Information And Communication Technology Infrastructure In Perspective: A Vision For The 21st Century
Authors: Fortune S. Mhlanga
Venue: Journal of Integrated Design Process Science (2006)

A global infrastructure is emerging in the 21ST century in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) are becoming more and more pervasive. Dynamic innovation processes continue to give rise to the social and technological capabilities that could release the potential of ICT for development. Products produced in this diverse field have a wide application in society. It is a field that developing countries need to harness and develop considerable technical competence. Governments, businesses and other stakeholders in developing countries need to coordinate their actions in order to amplify the social and economic benefits of ICTs and to reduce the risk of exclusion. This paper presents a perspective of the ICT infrastructure in Zimbabwe. The increasing spread of ICT opens new opportunities for Zimbabwe to harness these technologies and services to serve its development goals. By investing in its national information infrastructures, Zimbabwe can experience the predicted social and economic benefits of a global information infrastructure. The paper gives a detailed coverage of recommendations for the case of Zimbabwe.
Information Technology Workforce Skills: Does Size Matter?
Authors: Judith C. Simon, Kate M. Kaiser, Cynthia Beath, Timothy Goles, Kevin Gallagher
Venue: Information Systems Management (2007)

Changes in information technology (IT) services and their delivery have shifted the need for non-IT firms' (i.e., firms whose primary business is something other than providing IT goods and services) IT skills and capabilities to emphasize a business focus while integrating more outsourcing options from both domestic and global third-party providers. This paper explores how organizations of different sizes value critical IT skills and investigates firms' needs for entry-level and mid-level capabilities. The results show that smaller organizations consider more in-house hiring than their counterparts. Although desired entry-level skills differed among organizations of varying sizes, they all valued project management skills highly for mid-level IT staff.
Miniaturized variable-focus lens fabrication using liquid filling technique
Authors: Hsiharng Yang, Chung-Yao Yang, Mau-Shiun Yeh
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2008)

This paper describes a simple method for fabricating a variable-focus lens using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) filling with liquid to produce a variable-focus lens. A 2-mm diameter lens was designed in this experiment, expected to reach a focal length in the range of 3&#x00a0;&#x223c;&#x00a0;12&#x00a0;mm. The theoretical value between the liquid volume and the lens contact angle at different focal lengths were simulated and measured. The pumped-in liquid volumes ranged from 200 to 1,400&#x00a0;&#x03bc;l. The contact angles ranged from 14.25&#x00b0; to 49.02&#x00b0;. Variable focal length was produced by changing the PDMS film deformation using different micro-fluidic volumes. The focal length produce in the experiment was from 4&#x00a0;&#x223c;&#x00a0;10&#x00a0;mm. The proposed method successfully fabricated a variable-focus lens. Bonding PDMS only once using no expensive instrument such as oxygen plasma was accomplished. The final objective is to insert the variable focus lens into portable optical imagery products.
TapGlance: designing a unified smartphone interface
Authors: Daniel C. Robbins, Bongshin Lee, Roland Fernandez
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems (2008)

The difference between using one mobile phone and another can feel like learning a new language based on our extensive experience designing mobile applications for spatial data navigation, faceted search, and glanceable information, we have developed design principles for unifying the various aspects of the internet connected mobile phone ("smartphone") user experience. This paper presents TapGlance, a design proposal for a novel mobile phone user interface. TapGlance adapts its presentation to different levels of user attention, provides ubiquitous faceted search, and uses a zooming metaphor to unite inter- and intra-application navigation. Because our interface relies on a spatial metaphor it can also be adapted to non-textual representations and thus useful to broader populations. This paper describes our design goals, design process, and the resulting TapGlance design.
Chemically amplified molecular resists for e-beam lithography
Authors: F. P. Gibbons, J. Manyam, S. Diegoli, M. Manickam, J. A. Preece, R. E. Palmer, A. P. G. Robinson
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

Current resist materials are unable to simultaneously meet the resolution, sensitivity and line width roughness specifications of the 32nm node. Molecular resists have small carbon rich molecules and have generated significant recent interest with their potential for high resolution and etch durability and lower linewidth roughness than conventional polymeric materials. A chemically amplified fullerene derivative based resist is presented here. The resist consisted of the fullerene derivative MF07-01, an epoxide crosslinker and a photoacid generator. The sensitivity of this resist was shown to be between 5 and 10@mC/cm^2 at 20keV. Using 30keV electron beam exposure sparse patterns with 12nm resolution were demonstrated, whilst for dense patterns a half-pitch of 20nm could be achieved. Linewidth roughness values of between 2.4 and 6nm were seen, dependent on the exposure dose and feature size. The etch durability of the fullerene CA system was shown to be comparable to that of SAL601, a common novolac based commercial resist. Significantly the process latitude of this resist system is very wide. The dense line and space patterns were achieved whilst varying the post application bake between 75 and 125^oC for 10min, the post exposure bake between 90 and 130^oC for 1.5-9min, and the exposure dose between 120 and 300pC/cm (and up to 500pC/cm for sparse features).
Bounded Incremental Real-Time Dynamic Programming
Authors: Changjie Fan, Xiaoping Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

A real-time multi-step planning problem is characterized by alternating decision-making and execution processes, whole online decision-making time divided in slices between each execution, and the pressing need for policy that only relates to current step. We propose a new criterion to judge the optimality of a policy based on the upper and lower bound theory. This criterion guarantees that the agent can act earlier in a real-time decision process while an optimal policy with sufficient precision still remains. We prove that, under certain conditions, one can obtain an optimal policy with arbitrary precision using such an incremental method. We present a Bounded Incremental Real-Time Dynamic Programming algorithm (BIRTDP). In the experiments of two typical real-time simulation systems, BIRTDP outperforms the other state-of-the-art RTDP algorithms tested.
Hungarian named entity recognition with a maximum entropy approach
Authors: Dániel Varga, Eszter Simon
Venue: Acta Cybernetica (2007)

In the analysis of natural language text a key step is named entity recognition, finding all complex noun phrases that denote persons, organizations, locations, and other entities designated by a name. In this paper we introduce the hunner open source language-independent named entity recognition system, and present results for Hungarian. When the input to hmmer is already morphologically analyzed, we apply the system together with the hunpos morphological disambiguator, but hunner is also capable of working on raw (morphologically unanalyzed) text.
Teaching software engineering to end-users
Authors: Medha Umarji, Mark Pohl, Carolyn Seaman, A. Güne_ Koru, Hongfang Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering (2008)

Bioinformatics software is an example of immensely complex and critical scientific software, and this domain provides an excellent illustration of the role of end user computing in the sciences. To explore these interesting characteristics from a software engineering standpoint, we had conducted an exploratory survey of bioinformatics developers. The survey had a range of questions about people, processes and products. As software engineering researchers, we realized that the survey results had important implications for the education of bioinformatics software professionals. Through this paper we intend to open an avenue of discussion about software engineering knowledge that should be taught to end user programmers, based on our findings in the bioinformatics domain. In addition to the survey results we went through the curricula of more than fifty bioinformatics programs as well as the contents of over fifteen textbooks. We observed that there was no mention of the role and importance of software engineering practices essential for creating dependable software systems. We present a set of recommendations for improving bioinformatics education in terms of software engineering principles and ways that they apply in the context of end-user development.