ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Has computer architecture exceeded its teach-by date?
Authors: A. Clements
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

Computer architecture, a subject area that was once one of the pillars of computer science, is under attack from those who argue that it has outlived its usefulness and could be omitted from the curriculum. Although course-validating bodies continue to regard computer architecture as a core subject, pressure is increasing within some CS departments to downgrade it to make room for new material such as netcentric and web-based computing, and multimedia-based disciplines. This paper examines the issues surrounding the birth, life, and death of this core topic, and explores alternative futures for computer architecture; that is, downgrading, incorporation of its key features in to other parts of the curriculum, and metamorphosis into a new area that better reflects the current state of computing. We concentrate on the notion of metamorphosis and examine how the computer architecture curriculum can be modified to give students a better overview of the relationship between hardware and software; to underpin key concepts in computer science; and to provide a background for students on programs that emphasize some of the more modern offshoots of computer science such as multimedia. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Un-Restored Destructive Write Faults Due to Resistive-Open Defects in the Write Driver of SRAMs
Authors: A. Ney, P. Girard, C. Landrault, S. Pravossoudovitch, A. Virazel, M. Bastian
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE VLSI Test Symmposium (2007)

In this paper, we present an analysis of resistive-open defects in the write driver of SRAMs designed with the Infineon 65nm technology. From manufacturing data, we show that in some cases, a resistive-open defect may lead to a new type of dynamic behavior which has never been experienced in the past. This faulty behavior can be modeled as an Un-Restored Destructive Write Fault (URDWF). Such URDWF is a consequence of the structural dependencies that exist between the write driver and the sense amplifier, and appears when a specific read operation is performed immediately after a specific write operation. Results of electrical simulations are presented to give a complete understanding of such a faulty behavior and to highlight the difference with a standard Un- Restored Write Fault (URWF) model. Next, a possible March test solution is presented to detect URDWF. Finally, a discussion is proposed on the opportunity to include new features in this part of the memory to easily distinguish between faults coming from the write driver (like URDWF) and those coming from other parts of the memory (sense amplifier, core-cells, etc.).
Tutorial IND1A: NeXperia - A Versatile Configurable Platform for Home and Mobile Computing
Authors: Puranjoy Bhattacharya
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

With the advent of the SoC, the concept of a semiconductor platform has undergone a sea change. More and more product functionality keeps continuously getting integrated into these SoCs, so that the multimedia platform begins to look more and more like an abridged version of the product. Different product segments have different requirements from the multimedia platform. Some, like digital TVs, require a level of integration that includes middleware, and frequently GUI customization tools. Others, like mobile or personal multimedia products, demand a somewhat lower level of integration where audio-video streaming use-cases can be put together using streaming components compliant to a streaming architecture. These requirements have led to the distinction of Nexperia multimedia platforms for home and mobile applications, aligned with the product roadmaps of the respective domains. In this tutorial, the audio-video streaming platforms for these two domains will be described in detail. The "SoC" platforms in question have the same external look and feel in terms of programmable interfaces, but there is considerable scope of diversity, both in terms of hardware and software features internal to the platform. Frequently tool support to users includes enablers for integrating robust multimedia use-cases at a high level. In terms of hardware, a multimedia platform typically includes a RISC control processor that runs the SoC-level middleware and user interfaces and a set of DSP cores, hardware accelerators and peripherals that provide for audio-video sourcing and playback. Access to external SDRAM through a fast bus is assumed. The Nexperia home multimedia platform provides for the programming of a set of streaming use-cases, where the functionality spanning the underlying hardware is seamlessly integrated to implement the requested playback or recording operation. From the user perspective, the visibility into the platform is limited to large-grained logical components through an interface such as that specified in UHAPI. This level of user specification makes it possible to provide for robust virtual machines for audio-video playback that covers the vast majority of corner cases. Audio-video synchronization is also included implicitly into the use-cases. Internally, the platform uses streaming architectures like TSSA on the DSP processors and exports COM-like interfaces to the control processor. The Nexperia mobile multimedia platform follows an overall internal architecture similar to that for home, but primarily differs in its preoccupation with minimizing power consumption and its component-level user interfaces. OpenMax IL is the preferred user interface model for mobile multimedia platforms. This choice enables the user greater flexibility in devising audio-video use-cases, and to integrate their choice of differentiating software algorithms into the streaming chain.
A Parallel Algorithm for an Inverse Problem Associated with a Hyperbolic System of Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Paul Nelson, Mike R. Phillips
Venue: Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 03 (1994)

Parallel computing was applied to the solution of an inverse problem arising from a hyperbolic system of two coupled linear first-order partial differential equations. A known sequential algorithm based on the method of invariant imbedding was parallelized by a mapping assigning processors to characteristics. Two implementations of an algorithm based on this mapping and suitable for a message-passing architecture, but differing in their relative demands on communication and local memory, are described. Timing estimates for these are developed, and various consequences of these, notably the corresponding estimates for efficiency, are compared with computational results obtained from implementations on a 64-node hypercube system.
Five Keys to Project Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Stacie Petter, Lars Mathiassen, Vijay Vaishnavi
Venue: IT Professional (2007)

Here are the answers to a few questions that can help guide your tool selection for knowledge sharing across software projects.
Social Peer-to-Peer for Resource Discovery
Authors: Lu Liu, Nick Antonopoulos, Stephen Mackin
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (2007)

For resource discovery in social networks, people can directly contact some acquaintances that have knowledge about the resources they are looking for. However, in current peer-to-peer networks, peer nodes lack capabilities similar to social networks, making it difficult to route queries efficiently. In this paper, we present a social-like system (Social-P2P) for resource discovery by mimicking human behaviours in social networks. Different from most informed search algorithms, peer nodes learn knowledge from the results of previous searches and no additional overhead is required to obtain extra information from neighbouring nodes. Unlike community-based P2P information sharing systems, we do not intend to create and maintain peer groups or communities consciously. Peer nodes with the same interests will be highly connected to each other spontaneously. Social-P2P has been simulated in a dynamic environment. From the simulation results and analysis, Social-P2P achieved better performance than current methods.
Queries determined by views: pack your views
Authors: Maarten Marx
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-sixth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems (2007)

A query Q is determined by a set of views V if, whenever V (I1) = V (I2) for two database instances I1, I2 then also Q(I1) = Q(I2). Does this imply that Q can be rewritten as a query Q0 that only uses the views V?. For first-order (FO) queries and view definitions over possibly infinite databases, the answer is yes, as follows from old results of Beth and Craig. We say that FO is complete for FO-to-FO rewritings. However, Nash, Segoufin and Vianu (2007) prove that if the query and the view definitions are given by conjunctive queries, then it might not be possible to formulate Q' as a conjunctive query. In other words, CQ is not complete for CQ-to-CQ rewritings. Here we consider queries and view definitions in the packed fragment (PF) of first-order logic. This is a generalization of the guarded fragment, a fragment of particular interest to database theory. Gottlob et.al. 2002 show that the guarded conjunctive queries are exactly the acyclic queries. Leinders et.al. 2005 characterize the entire guarded fragment by the semijoin algebra. We show that for both finite and unrestricted databases, PF is complete for PF-to-PF rewritings. The same holds for packed (unions of) conjunctive queries. In both cases, we provide algorithms for testing whether a query is determined by a set of views, and for actually rewriting Q to Q'. To compare: these problems are undecidable for full FO, and still open for conjunctive queries.
Teaching operating systems with Windows: experiences and contributions
Authors: Seung-won Hwang
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual SIGCSE conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2007)

Operating system is one of the largest pieces of software, which makes its understanding quite intimidating to students. This paper reports our experiences of complementing the traditional Unix-based operating system curriculum with Windows alternative. Our goals are two-fold: First, we aim at making the learning of operating system concepts more relevant to students, by using Windows which is a dominant operating system choice among students, Second, we aim at making the course more diverse, by presenting alternative design examples to Unix-based instructional materials such that students can learn from comparing and contrasting. In this poster, we will present available educational resources and our contributions to them.
Nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation with fast converging memoryless preprocessor
Authors: A. Stenger
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

Low-cost audio components in hands-free telephone applications call for nonlinear adaptive echo cancellation (AEC). It has been demonstrated that a cascade of a polynomial and an FIR filter can cancel such nonlinear echoes (Stenger and Rabenstein 1998). Another technique employs a hard-clipping curve with LMS adapted saturation parameter (Nollet and Jones 1997). For both cascaded systems we derive an LMS-type adaptation using a common framework, and propose stepsize normalizations for both approaches. To achieve sufficiently fast convergence for practical use, an RLS-type adaptation for the polynomial is derived and experimentally verified. Both techniques are compared using real hardware and speech signals, and show robust convergence behaviour and an echo reduction gain of up to 10 dB compared to a linear AEC.
Reliability Markov Chains for Security Data Transmitter Analysis
Authors: Calin Ciufudean, Bianca Satco, Constantin Filote
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Security communication systems composed of highly reliable components may have few if any failures while undergoing heavy testing or field-usage. This paper combines (i) analysis of randomized pulse modulation schemes based on finite Markov chains with (ii) security communication systems failure as a rare event with a finite-state, discrete-parameter, recurrent Markov chain that models the failures. An application of these results would be (i) in the analysis of randomized pulse width modulation implemented into the command of the railway data transmitter for the traffic security, and (ii) in the analysis of these system`s reliability.
Business models to offer customized output in electronic commerce
Authors: Christian Scheer, Torben Hansen, Peter Loos
Venue: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering (2003)

Seller-driven business models (e.g. online bookstores) have been successfully implemented and concretized in Electronic Commerce both in practice and science in the last years. In contrast to this we can depict that more customer-driven business models are implemented in the beginning. One major problem of customizable products and services in Electronic Commerce can be found in the adaptation of the human advisory activity which is inevitable in the traditional sale. For this reason we depict the customization in the customer's view and the corresponding business models in electronic markets. Main focus will be on the improvement of the communication interface between customer and seller in order to better specify the output, especially for customer-driven output. At this point we suggest an IT-enabled consulting component which creates predictions for the customer's specification by using association rules.
Real-time discrimination of broadcast speech/music
Authors: J. Saunders
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

We describe a technique which is successful at discriminating speech from music on broadcast FM radio. The computational simplicity of the approach could lend itself to wide application including the ability to automatically change channels when commercials appear. The algorithm provides the capability to robustly distinguish the two classes and runs easily in real time. Experimental results to date show performance approaching 98% correct classification.
E-Service Emergence: A Bio-Inspired Method of Composition
Authors: Hongbin Sun, Yongsheng Ding
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2007)

In this paper, we introduce an emergence modeling approach to the study of e-service composition, which is inspired by the characteristics of emergence and self-evolution in biological neuroendocrine and immune system. E-services are represented by autonomous bio-entities (mobile agents with biological operation), each bio-entity is described by a Mealy state machine. The request of integrating complex processes is translated to an automata analysis problem. Bio-entities establish emergent network based on the matching message to provide e-service composition. Affinity is a parameter which can measure the message matching ability of the bio-entity integrally, it depends on three factors, namely, the matching strength of message, the e-service quality score, and the trust. In this way, the method completes a series of work from composition to management autonomously. The simulation results show that the approach can significantly improve the e-service composition performance. It adapts well to the changes of dynamic environments..
A Sketch-Based Interface for Clothing Virtual Characters
Authors: Emmanuel Turquin, Jamie Wither, Laurence Boissieux, Marie-Paule Cani, John F. Hughes
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2007)

This interactive system for garment creation determines a garment's shape and how the character wears it based on a user-drawn sketch. The system then uses distances between the 2D garment silhouette and the character model to infer remaining distance variations in 3D.
Modified clonal selection algorithm for learning qualitative compartmental models of metabolic systems
Authors: Wei Pang, George M. Coghill
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 GECCO conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation (2007)

In this paper, a modified Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA)is proposed to learn qualitative compartmental models. Different from traditional AI search algorithm, this population based approach employs antibody repertoire to perform random search, which is suitable for the ragged and multi-modal landscape of qualitative model space. Experimental result shows that this algorithm can obtain the same kernel sets and learning reliability as previous work for learning the two compartment model, and it can also search out the target model when learning the more complex three-compartment model. Although this algorithm does not succeed in learning the four-compartment model, promising result is still obtained.
Visual Mashup of Text and Media Search Results
Authors: Anselm Spoerri
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

There is a growing trend of enabling users to view diverse sources of data in an integrated manner, called visual mashups. This paper addresses the problem of how to visualize diverse data sources in a single integrated display when geographical meta-data is not available or advisable to use to combine the data sources. A visual mashup of web, image, video, news, blog and tagging search results is introduced. The presented solution makes it possible to visualize relationships between the different data sources, which would be difficult to show in a series of mini-displays arranged in a grid layout.
Keynote address: Was Darwin wrong? Has design evolution stopped at the RTL level... or will software and custom processors (or system-level design) extend Moore's law?
Authors: Alan Naumann
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

The challenges of electronic design are escalating as software and embedded processors are fast becoming a more dominant component of electronic products. Software is now acknowledged as the most effective way for electronics companies to differentiate their products. But what if the processors running the software aren't up to the task? Electronics companies are increasingly adopting a new system-level design methodology to stay competitive, one that enables design that is centred on custom processors and software. The ripple effects of system-level design are even affecting the way that semiconductor companies take products to market and how their customers choose and use silicon. Mr Naumann will provide examples of how companies adopting advanced system-level design can gain competitive advantage, and the issues to be resolved in the drive to extend Moore's Law.
In-Network Storage Model for Data Persistence under Congestion in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Majid I. Khan, Wilfried N. Gansterer, Gunter Haring
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2007)

Congestion in wireless sensor networks leads to the degradation of communication links that result in decreased throughput and waste of energy which is one of the scarcest resources of a sensor node. Various techniques have been proposed to cope with data congestion, such as data aggregation techniques, multi hop routing techniques and flow control techniques. Although these techniques help to avoid or control congestion, they do not address the issue of data persistency effectively. This paper presents an adaptive self configuring in-network storage model for data persistency in wireless sensor networks. The model is built on a clustered sensor field where we have utilized dense node deployment in the vicinity of the routing nodes to act as data buffers during congestion periods in order to avoid data loss. We show that the in-network storage model can be used in combination with congestion avoidance/control techniques to develop data persistent congestion avoidance/control strategies.
Efficient packet demultiplexing for multiple endpoints and large messages
Authors: Masanobu Yuhara, Brian N. Bershad, Chris Maeda, J. Eliot B. Moss
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference (1994)

This paper describes a new packet filter mechanism that efficiently dispatches incoming network packets to one of multiple endpoints, for example address spaces. Earlier packet filter systems iteratively applied each installed filter against every incoming packet, resulting in high processing overhead whenever multiple filters existed. Our new packet filter provides an associative match function that enables similar but not identical filters to be combined together into a single filter. The filter mechanism, which we call the Mach Packet Filter (MPF), has been implemented for the Mach 3.0 operating system and is being used to support endpoint-based protocol processing, whereby each address space implements its own suite of network protocols. With large numbers of registered endpoints, MPF outperforms the earlier BSD Packet Filter (BPF) by over a factor of four. MPF also allows a filter program to dispatch fragmented packets, which was quite difficult with previous filter mechanisms.
Using Models to Improve the Availability of Automotive Software Architectures
Authors: Charles Shelton, Christopher Martin
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops (2007)

This paper presents an initial model for evaluating and improving the availability of a software architecture design. The model is implemented as a reasoning framework in the ArchE architecture expert system developed jointly with the Software Engineering Institute. To ensure continuous availability many automotive electronic control units (ECUs) employ an external watchdog running on a separate CPU to monitor the software running on the ECU. If the ECU has a failure that causes interruption of its functionality, the watchdog can detect this and reset the ECU to restore correct operation. The availability model can automatically evaluate the effectiveness of a watchdog design in the software architecture and can propose improvements to achieve better availability before implementation decisions are made. The model enables a quantitative analysis of system availability that can better guide software architecture and dependability design decisions and potentially reduce implementation and testing effort.