ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Quality of designs from an automatic logic generator (ALERT)
Authors: Theodore D. Friedman, Sih-Chin Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th Design Automation Workshop (1970)

Automation of the design of computer logic has evoked wide-spread interest and activity. Nevertheless, detailed comparisons of automatically generated logic and manually prepared logic have not been made available. The ALERT program is a logic generator which accepts as input a summary description of a new computer in a high-level language, and from this it compiles logic designs to carry out the functions specified. This paper examines the quality of logic generated by the ALERT system. The specifications of several computers have been processed through the ALERT system. This report discusses the most comprehensive design processed, the central processor of the IBM 1800 computer. The 1800 had been designed by conventional manual techniques prior to this study, and its logic schematics were, therefore, available for comparison with the logic generated by ALERT. It was found that the automatically produced circuitry required 160% more components than used in the corresponding parts of the actual computer. Reasons for this discrepancy are considered, and methods are described which are expected to reduce the discrepancy between automatically generated designs and manual designs. The study indicates that automatic generation of computer logic and circuitry from high-level system descriptions offers a practical and viable alternative to traditional methods of logic design. Within the limits of the study, the automatically prepared design was found to be correct, functional, and manufacturable.
Multiple micros for education
Authors: W. D. Maurer
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1980)

The advent of the microcomputer has caused a profound change in our thinking about the teaching of programming. Up to now we have been assuming that a computer is necessarily expensive and must be shared by all students. With the appearance of time-sharing systems, many universities, including The George Washington University, purchased large numbers of terminals for student use; but students were still using a single large or mid-size computer, albeit through several terminals. It is now possible, however, to purchase an entire computer for the price of a terminal. Such a computer is necessarily limited in scope; but it can serve admirably for the teaching of programming at an elementary level, as well as handling certain more advanced tasks. About a year and a half ago, the Computer Committee of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, of which I was the chairman, made a decision to purchase sixteen microcomputer systems for student use, primarily for the teaching of BASIC, and secondarily for assembly language and PASCAL.
The application of program verification techniques to hardware verification
Authors: John A. Darringer
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

The growing complexity of machine designs and costs of engineering changes are increasing the demand for tools and methods to detect errors earlier in the hardware development cycle. Because of similar concerns in the development of software there has been a great deal of work on methods for proving that a program satisfies a given specification. This paper examines one such program verification technique, based on the notion of symbolic execution, and then explores its application to the problem of establishing the correct behavior of a piece of hardware.
Providing computer services to public school districts by regional time sharing centers&mdash; planning guidelines and evaluative criteria
Authors: John C Storlie, U. W.-La Crosse
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1975)

Computing in Education There is a wide variety of computer uses in education today. The significant uses for elementary and secondary schools can be categorized in roughly three ways: (1) Administrative Data Processing, (2) Instructional Support and (3) Instructional Computing. Instructional computing can be delivered by many methods, but the main vehicle for supplying it, and the one having the most revolutionary impact on education, is interactive timesharing. Other forms of computer delivery systems exist and some have found a place in education, but timesharing has had the most profound effect and is generally recognized as a very cost effective means for supplying computing to the classroom teacher. The development and growth of timesharing has been extremely rapid.
Sci-Mate&mdash;a microcomputer system for Online Search and Personal File Management
Authors: David Lefkovitz, David Toliver
Venue: Proceedings of the 1983 annual conference on Computers : Extending the human resource (1983)

Sci-Mate is a microcomputer software package that has two independent, but related, components. One is called the Universal Online Searcher (UOS). It enables a person to search five online host systems using a single menu-driven language and to download records from the search. The second component is called the Personal Data Manager (PDM). It enables the downloaded records to be formatted into fields, stored, updated and text searched in the users' own files on the microcomputer. The UOS performs three major functions. First, it mediates the data communications and login process. Second, it translates from a menu-driven to the respective host language, and third, it controls the downloading of responses.
Student consultants need mentors, too
Authors: Marjorie L. Windelberg
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1983)

How can a User Services group provide an adequate degree of consulting support for users when the department is heavily dependent on part-time student staff? An idea borrowed from business concepts provides a highly satisfactory, workable solution. The idea is that if student staff members have mentors, they can be better prepared for their jobs in less time and even learn to handle increased responsibilities. This approach to training student consultant staff has been in practice at Indiana State University since the fall of 1982.
A tutorial on TESS: The extended simulation system
Authors: Charles R. Standridge, Steven A. Walker, David Vaughan
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

TESS@@@@, The Extended Simulation System, integrates simulation, data management and graphics capabilities to provide a framework for performing simulation projects. Capabilities for building SLAM II@@@@ networks graphically, animating simulation runs without programming, and generating graphs of all simulation results are provided. Report generation and the post-run analysis of simulation results are included. Forms input for simulation run controls and user defined data are provided. The fourth generation TESS language provides a single user interface to all TESS capabilities.
Guidelines for planning and organizing a performance improvement project
Authors: Dennis R. Chastain
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

Management planning is the key to success in any type of project. This paper identifies and examines the areas of management responsibility in a performance evaluation project.
Script Recognition Using Inhomogeneous P2DHMM and Hierarchical Search Space Reduction
Authors: Rolf Bippus, Volker Märgner
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

P2DHMMs manage the assignment of observations to states quite well, whereas the calculation of probabilities is a great problem. To overcome some of the defects of P2DHMMs we propose the inhomogeneous P2DHMM (IP2DHMM). In contrast to some other approaches it is able to model consistently state duration and observation matrices of fixed height at no additional cost in computational load and number of parameters. At the same time it enables an efficient pruning mechanism and allows a considerable reduction in decoding time.In order to further reduce computational load, a combination scheme for multiple recognition stages using lexical tree beam search at different resolutions and with differently complex models (IP2DHMM and 1DHMM) is presented. The resulting system is evaluated on three different databases from different applicational fields of cursive script recognition, recognition of German legal amounts and recognition of city names from live mail.
Experiments on the determination of the relationships between terms
Authors: Vijay V. Raghavan, C. T. Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Information storage and retrieval (1978)

The retrieval effectiveness of an automatic method that uses relevance judgements for the determination of positive as well as negative relationships between terms is evaluated. The term relationships are incorporated into the retrieval process by using a generalized similarity function that has a term match component, a positive term relationship component, and a negative term relationship component. Two strategies, query partitioning and query clustering, for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the term relationships are investigated. The latter appears to be more attractive from linguistic as well as economic points of view. The positive and the negative relationships are verified to be effective both when used individually, and in combination. The importance attached to the term relationship components relative to that of term match component is found to have a substantial effect on the retrieval performance. The usefulness of discriminant analysis as a technique for determining the relative importance of these components is investigated.
Accurate simulation of flip-flop timing characteristics
Authors: David J. Evans
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Design Automation Conference (1978)

Detailed timing analysis of flip-flops in a gate level simulator is described. The simulator detects violations of set-up time, hold time, and minimum clock, set, and reset pulse widths.
A high-performance environment for APL
Authors: John Delo, Sanford Friedman
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1984)

Array processors are well known for their ability to process large amounts of array-oriented data at extremely high speeds for critical applications in the medical, scientific, and industrial sectors. As hardware costs steadily decline and as computer technology rapidly penetrates the business and financial arenas, the speed and capacity of array processors are evoking new interest among general purpose users. The problem, however, has been the array processor's extremely complex programming requirements, traditionally the province of engineers. APL provides a solution to the problem of moving array processors into less technical areas. By supplying the necessary hardware and software support to the array processor, Analogic has created a powerful environment that is ideal for APL. This paper discusses in detail those hardware and software systems that support the APL environment and enhance performance.
On the modeling and control of industrial electrostatic precipitators
Authors: Carl C. Davis, Naim A. Kheir
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1981)

This paper recognizes electrostatic precipitators (ESP) as the primary machanism for the control of particulate emissions from such operations as in the cement, paper and power industries. Due to the ever increasing emission limitations placed on industry by the Environmental Protection Agency it becomes increasingly important that ESP's operate at peak efficiency. This means that the controllers which maintain the electrostatic effect must be designed for optimum performance. Design of ESP's has long been viewed as more an art than a science. This view is also true for the design of ESP controllers. Though the role of the control engineer as an artist will always exist, this paper seeks to bring the controller design more into the realm of science. A lumped parameter model of the ESP is presented which adequately explains the response of the ESP over its effective range of operation. The operation of the ESP at the boundary of stability (known as &ldquo;arcing&rdquo; in the industry) is modeled by utilizing Townsend's first and second coefficients. As a result of this model it is found that the &ldquo;arcing&rdquo; phenomena is due to positive feedback in the process and that the ESP is not completely controllable. Though the ESP is not completely controllable it is found that the input voltage, which is controllable, has dominance over the stable range of operation of the ESP. Current ESP control strategies are examined. It is found that the control philosophies of the various designs of ESP controllers are basically the same. The one or two most-recently developed digital controllers are found to be most effective in implementing this philosophy. This paper presents a modified control law through utilization of process information. It is viewed that relatively &ldquo;arc-free&rdquo; operation of the ESP can be achieved by using the proposed control philosophy. As a by-product of this control law, the quantity of surges on the system would be reduced resulting in a significant conservation of power requirements.
A page allocation strategy for multiprogramming systems
Authors: Donald D. Chamberlin, Samuel H. Fulier, Leonard Y. Liu
Venue: ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review (1973)

In a multiprogramming, virtual-memory computing system, many processes compete simultaneously for system resources, which include CPU's, main memory page frames, and the transmission capacity of the paging drum. (We define a &ldquo;process&rdquo; here as a program with its own virtual memory, requiring an allocation of real memory and a CPU in order to execute). This paper studies ways of allocating resources to processes in order to maximize throughput in systems which are not CPU-bound. As is customary, we define the multiprogramming &ldquo;set&rdquo; (MPS) as the set of processes eligible for allocation of resources at any given time. Each process in the MPS is allocated a certain number of page frames and allowed to execute, interrupted periodically by page faults. A process remains in the MPS until it finishes or exhausts its &ldquo;time slice&rdquo;, at which time it is demoted. We assume the existence of two resource managers within the operating system: The Paging Manager and the Scheduler. The function of the Paging Manager is to control the size of the MPS, and to allocate main storage page frames among those processes in the MPS. The function of the Scheduler is to assign time-slice lengths to the various processes, and to define a promotion order among those processes not currently in the MPS. The Scheduler must ensure that system responsiveness is adequate, while the Paging Manager is primarily concerned with throughput. This paper studies possible strategies for the Paging Manager. A strategy for the Scheduler is proposed in (2).
A parallel approach to code generation for Fortran like compilers
Authors: Howard E. Krohn
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1975)

It has been shown by Lincoln and others that vector operations can be used to perform lexical analysis of FORTRAN source code. This paper presents techniques for code generation using parallel programming methods developed on the CDC STAR-100. Methods are presented for handling arithmetic assignment statements, DO loops, IF statements, and parenthetical expressions. A CO-NO table syntactical analysis is performed using the numeric vector from lexical analysis to produce output code for arithmetic expressions. Code for DO loops and IF statements is then merged into the object code vector.
Increased efficiency of raw tomato trucking operation
Authors: Pradeep Batra
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1977)

XYZ is a major food processing company with several canneries located in Western United States. The cannery considered in this analyses contracts to several trucking companies for the transportation of tomatoes from the growing fields to the cannery. This study was conducted for XYZ's Agricultural Operations Department to evaluate the efficiency of the trucking operations. A model was developed to simulate the operating conditions, and the effectiveness of several alternate trucking strategies was developed and evaluated. The results of the study were utilized in performing a detailed economic analysis and specific steps for adoption and implementation were recommended. It is anticipated that significant cost savings will result to the company as a result of the adoption of these strategies.
A System For Office Automation Research
Authors: Howard Lee Morgan
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

The Wharton Office Automation System, developed by Professor David Ness, along with the author and several other collegues in the Department, originated from a lack of support services in the traditionally support poor academic environement. The managers in the department (all of the faculty, as well as some administrators), were having difficult time getting papers out on time, preparing budgets and grant proposals, and handling correspondence. About this same time, the school received a new DECSystem 1&Oslash; computer. Dave Ness set about implementing a text editing facility suitable for faculty writing research papers. This included bibliography handling, cross indexing, footnoting, and automatic reference numbering features, as well as the traditional formatting software already provided by DEC. At the same time, several research projects which the author was managing were attempting to develop sophisticated software for man/machine communication, and for dealing with very large databases. The management to this project, involving about 15 people, was becoming a complex task. In particular, the communications among team members was difficult to arrange, resulting in too many meetings.
On the overall stability and convergence of single-step integration schemes for ordinary differential equations
Authors: John W. Carr,  III
Venue: Proceedings of the 1956 11th ACM national meeting (1956)

Although numerous writers have stated that the class of single-step (&ldquo;Runge-Kutta&rdquo;) methods of numerical integration of ordinary differential equations is stable under calculation or round-off error, no one has given formal equations for the bounds on the propagated error to indicate this stability. Rutishauser (1) justifies the stability by noting that there is only one solution to the approximating differential equation, and Hildebrand (2) calculates a propagated error bound for the simplest (Euler) case. However the latter bound does not indicate the stability for even that case.
Automated design and manufacture of printed circuit boards
Authors: Donald L. Peterson
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th Design Automation Workshop (1974)

This paper presents a case history of an automated design, documentation, assembly, and testing system for printed circuit boards. Included are the merits, pitfalls, and economics of such a system.
&micro;3L: An HLL-RISC processor for parallel execution of FP-language programs
Authors: M. Castan, E. I. Organick
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual symposium on Computer Architecture (1982)

To eliminate the conceptual distance between the hardware instruction set and the user interface, some architects advocate High Level Language (HLL) machines. To obtain simple, fast and cheap machines, some architects advocate Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) machines. This paper reconciles both views and presents an architecture which has both an HLL user interface and a RISC hardware. Each instance of this architecture is a module of an HLL multiprocessor system. Functional programming languages offer a bridge between mathematical models of computation and multiprocessor system environments. We choose the language AFPL (A Functional Programming Language) as the HLL user interface. AFPL's direct execution model, based on a tree structured internal representation, takes advantage of the parallelism inherent in programs by decomposing them on the fly into tasks which can be performed concurrently.
Analysis of Cray-1S architecture
Authors: Vason P. Srini, Jorge F. Asenjo
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1983)

An analysis of the Cray-1S architecture based on dataflow graphs is presented. The approach consists of representing the components of a Cray-1S system as the nodes of a dataflow graph and the interconnections between the components as the arcs of the dataflow graph. The elapsed time and the resources used in a component are represented by the attributes of the node corresponding to the component. The resulting dataflow graph model is simulated to obtain timing statistics using as input a control stream that represents the instruction and data stream of the real computer system. The Cray-1S architecture is analyzed by conducting several experiments with the model. It is observed that the architecture is a well balanced one and performance improvements are hard to achieve without major changes. Significant improvement in performance is shown when parallel instruction issue is allowed with multiple CIP/LIPs in the architecture.
MARCO&mdash;a monitoring system to analyze, and control systems requirements.
Authors: Ortiz de Montellano S., López Contreras G., Escobedo C os A.
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual international conference on Systems documentation (1984)

Based on the overall context - of a system that takes us from software engineering thru computer tools to specify requirements; a computer based system to aid in the - analysis is presented. The system is used to define a structured analysis according to TOM DE MARCO'S ideas (13). The tool was developed at the Universidad de las Americas. A brief - explanation of what is and how is used is also included. The BASIC language was used in ordered to compiled the system under a VAX-VMS - system.
Telephone techniques for computer consulting
Authors: John E. Bucher
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1981)

Telephone consulting becomes very important when academic computing moves into a distributed environment. This is especially true in network consulting where end users are often hundreds of miles from the main site. In order to maintain a good consulting service in this type of situation, consultants need to develop and use effective telephone techniques. The goal is to provide efficient professional service with as few misunderstandings as possible. A wealth of knowledge can be locked behind poor telephone communication techniques. Besides presenting some general rules and guidelines of telephone techniques this paper presents methods for probing the caller for the right question, getting and holding attention, terminating a call graciously, handling complaints, &ldquo;attending behavior&rdquo; in telephone listening, and others. Since most user services personnel are already familiar with the problems of telephone consulting, this presentation is intended to sharpen skills and to provide a forum in which ideas can be discussed.
A stochastic simulation of the strategic airlift system
Authors: G. Arthur Mihram, Richard L. Nolan
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

The Systems Analysis Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense has been conducting studies to determine the most efficient strategic mobility system. A large-scale model, Simulation of Airlift Resources (SOAR), has been developed as a tool for analyzing the stochastic variations in the productivity of the airlift system. Programmed as a derivative of GASP, SOAR requires several minutes of computer (IBM 360/65) time per simular day to simulate the activities of up to 1500 flight crews, 700 aircraft, and 100 airbases. Employing statistics from a sequential factorial design, the objective is to determine marginal productivities for alternative strategic airlift systems.