ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evaluating ASP and Commercial Solvers on the CSPLib
Authors: Toni Mancini, Davide Micaletto, Fabio Patrizi, Marco Cadoli
Venue: Constraints (2008)

This paper deals with four solvers for combinatorial problems: the commercial state-of-the-art solver ILOG oplstudio, and the research answer set programming (ASP) systems dlv, smodels and cmodels. The first goal of this research is to evaluate the relative performance of such systems when used in a purely declarative way, using a reproducible and extensible experimental methodology. In particular, we consider a third-party problem library, i.e., the CSPLib, and uniform rules for modelling and instance selection. The second goal is to analyze the marginal effects of popular reformulation techniques on the various solving technologies. In particular, we consider structural symmetry breaking, the adoption of global constraints, and the addition of auxiliary predicates. Finally, we evaluate, on a subset of the problems, the impact of numbers and arithmetic constraints on the different solving technologies. Results show that there is not a single solver winning on all problems, and that reformulation is almost always beneficial: symmetry-breaking may be a good choice, but its complexity has to be carefully chosen, by taking into account also the particular solver used. Global constraints often, but not always, help opl, and the addition of auxiliary predicates is usually worth, especially when dealing with ASP solvers. Moreover, interesting synergies among the various modelling techniques exist.
A Multilayered Scheme of Bidirectional Associative Memory for Multistable Perception
Authors: Teijiro Isokawa, Haruhiko Nishimura, Naotake Kamiura, Nobuyuki Matsui
Venue: Neural Information Processing: 14th International Conference, ICONIP 2007, Kitakyushu, Japan, November 13-16, 2007, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (2008)

Multistable perception phenomena in seeing ambiguous figures have been observed and their distribution curves of alternation durations are well-known as the Gamma distribution through psychophysical experiments. It is important and interesting to investigate its describable model for clarifying brain functions. In this paper, we propose a model based on the multilayered bidirectional associative memories and report good simulation results on the distribution of alternation durations.
Error negativity does not reflect conflict: A reappraisal of conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex activity
Authors: Borís Burle, Clémence Roger, Sonia Allain, Franck Vidal, Thierry Hasbroucq
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2008)

Our ability to detect and correct errors is essential for our adaptive behavior. The conflict-loop theory states that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in detecting the need to increase control through conflict monitoring. Such monitoring is assumed to manifest itself in an electroencephalographic (EEG) component, the “error negativity” (Ne or “error-related negativity” [ERN]). We have directly tested the hypothesis that the ACC monitors conflict through simulation and experimental studies. Both the simulated and EEG traces were sorted, on a trial-by-trial basis, as a function of the degree of conflict, measured as the temporal overlap between incorrect and correct response activations. The simulations clearly show that conflict increases as temporal overlap between response activation increases, whereas the experimental results demonstrate that the amplitude of the Ne decreases as temporal overlap increases, suggesting that the ACC does not monitor conflict. At a functional level, the results show that the duration of the Ne depends on the time needed to correct (partial) errors, revealing an “on-line” modulation of control on a very short time scale.
Properties of Ascending Chains for Partial Difference Polynomial Systems
Authors: Gui-Lin Zhang, Xiao-Shan Gao
Venue: Computer Mathematics: 8th Asian Symposium, ASCM 2007, Singapore, December 15-17, 2007. Revised and Invited Papers (2008)

A characteristic set theory for partial difference polynomial systems is proposed. We introduce the concept of coherent and regular ascending chains and prove that a partial difference ascending chain is the characteristic set of its saturation ideal if and only if it is coherent and regular. This gives a method to decide whether a polynomial belongs to the saturation ideal of an ascending chain. We introduce the concept of strongly irreducible ascending chains and prove that a partial difference ascending chain is the characteristic set of a reflexive prime ideal if and only if it is strongly irreducible. This gives a simple and precise representation for reflexive prime ideals.
A Regressive Problem Solver That Uses Knowledgelet
Authors: Kuodi Jian
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2007)

This paper presents a new idea of how to reduce search space by a general problem solver. The general problem solver, Regressive Total Order Planner with Knowledgelet (RTOPKLT), can be used in intelligent systems or in software agent architectures. Problem solving involves finding a sequence of available actions (operators) that can transfer an initial state to a goal state. Here, a problem is defined in terms of a set of logical assertions that define an initial state and a goal state. With too little information, reasoning and learning systems cannot perform in most cases. On the other hand, too much information can cause the performance of a problem solver to degrade, in both accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, it is important to determine what information is relevant and to organize this information in an easy to retrieve manner.
FPGA based hardware scheduler for multiprocessor systems
Authors: Habibullah Jamal, Zeeshan A. Khan, M. Mohsin Rahmatullah
Venue: Proceedings of the WSEAS International Conference on Applied Computing Conference (2008)

This paper presents a hardware implementation of a scheduler for multiprocessor systems that minimizes the processor time for scheduling activity. Code fetch time overhead is also reduced by attempting to cluster similar tasks on one processor. Processors not in use are switched to power saving mode and they are only turned on if there is no other processor to take on the required activity.
Autonomous geocaching: navigation and goal finding in outdoor domains
Authors: James Neufeld, Michael Sokolsky, Jason Roberts, Adam Milstein, Stephen Walsh, Michael Bowling
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1 (2008)

This paper describes an autonomous robot system designed to solve the challenging task of geocaching. Geocaching involves locating a goal object in an outdoor environment given only its rough GPS position. No additional information about the environment such as road maps, waypoints, or obstacle descriptions is provided, nor is their often a simple straight line path to the object. This is in contrast to much of the research in robot navigation which often focuses on common structural features, e.g., road following, curb avoidance, or indoor navigation. In addition, uncertainty in GPS positions requires a final local search of the target area after completing the challenging navigation problem. We describe a relatively simple robotic system for completing this task. This system addresses three main issues: building a map from raw sensor readings, navigating to the target region, and searching for the target object. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this system in a variety of complex outdoor environments and compare our system's performance to that of a human expert teleoperating the robot.
Low-Voltage Low-Power Curvature-Corrected Voltage Reference Circuit Using DTMOSTs
Authors: Cosmin Popa
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th international workshop on Integrated Circuit and System Design. Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (2007)

A low-voltage low power voltage reference realized in 0.35μm CMOS technology will be presented. In order to achieve two important goals of low-power high performances bandgap references realized in the newer CMOS technologies --- a low supply voltage and a small value of the temperature coefficient, a modified structure using dynamic MOS transistors (equivalent with a virtually lowering of the material bandgap) and a square-root curvature-correction will be implemented. The accuracy of the output voltage will be increased using an Offset Voltage Follower Block as PTAT voltage generator, with the advantage that matched resistors are replaced by matched transistors. The low-power operation of the circuit will be achieved by using exclusively subthreshold-operated MOS devices. Experimental results confirm the theoretical estimations, showing a minimum supply voltage of 2.5V and a temperature coefficient of about 9.4 ppm /K for an extended temperature range (173K < T < 423K). The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Challenges and Opportunities for Formal Specifications in Service Oriented Architectures
Authors: Gustavo Alonso
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (2008)

Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) are currently attracting a lot of attention in industry as the latest conceptual tool for managing large enterprise computing infrastructures. SOA is interesting from a research perspective for a variety of reasons. From the software engineering side, because it shifts the focus away from conventional programming to application integration, thereby challenging many of the premises around improving development by improving programming languages. From the middleware point of view, SOA emphasizes asynchronous interaction, away from the RPC/RMI model, and thus brings to the fore many of the inadequacies of existing software and hardware platforms. From the formal specification perspective, however, SOA offers many opportunities as one of the key ideas behind SOA is the notion of capturing the interactions at a high level and letting the underlying infrastructure take care of the implementation details. For instance, the emphasis in SOA is the main reason why workflow and business process technologies are experiencing a new revival, as they are seen as a way to formally specify complex interaction patterns. This presentation covers the main ideas behind SOA and why they are an excellent basis to provide a more formal basis for the development and evolution of complex systems.
A Feasible Approach to Assigning System Components to Hybrid Task Sets in Real-Time Sensor Networking Platforms
Authors: Kyunghoon Jung, Byounghoon Kim, Changsoo Kim, Sungwoo Tak
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part IV: ICCS 2007 (2007)

This paper studies an efficient periodic and aperiodic task decomposition technique for real-time sensor networking platforms from two perspectives. First, wireless sensor networking platforms available in literature have not addressed the concept of real-time scheduling for hybrid task sets where both types of periodic and aperiodic tasks exist. Second, individual system components in real-time sensor networking platforms must be assigned to either a periodic or aperiodic task in order to provide the concept of fully optimal real-time scheduling given real-time requirements of user applications. The proposed approach guarantees the feasible scheduling of hybrid task sets while meeting deadlines of all the periodic tasks. A case study based on real system experiments is conducted to illustrate the application and efficiency of the proposed technique. It shows that our method yields efficient performance in terms of guaranteeing the deadlines of all the periodic tasks and aiming to provide aperiodic tasks with good average response time.
Implementing Social Filter Rules in a Dialogue Manager Using Statecharts
Authors: Jenny Brusk
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (2008)

This paper presents an implementation of Prendinger and Ishizuka's [3,4] social filter rules using statecharts. Following their example, we have implemented a waiter character in a coffee-shop that can interact with a user-controlled customer and a system-controlled boss. Due to space limitations, all further references to their work will be implicit, instead we refer to the literature.The aim with this paper is to show the potential of using Harel statecharts [2] for modelling socially equipped game characters. The work is based on the assumption that statecharts successfully can be used for designing (game) dialogue managers (see e.g. [1]). There are also other advantages in using statecharts, e.g. (1) the fact that the world wide web consortium (W3C) has introduced a new standard for describing (dialogue) flow, StateChartXML (SCXML), that combines the semantics of Harel statecharts with XML syntax, (2) statechart theory is an extension to ordinary finite-state machines (commonly used in games), featuring
Influence of Network Structure on Market Share in Complex Market Structures
Authors: Makoto Uchida, Susumu Shirayama
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2008)

We study an dynamical model on complex networks. The model is based on a multi agent modeling which is aimed for representing `Network Effect' in a market of personal communication services. By series of numerical simulations using various models of complex networks, we found two classes in resulting dynamics which are dependent on underlying network structures as well as parameter settings. We also apply the model on a real social network data, and discuss the simulation results in relation with the network models.
Automatic keyphrase extraction from scientific documents using N-gram filtration technique
Authors: Niraj Kumar, Kannan Srinathan
Venue: Proceeding of the eighth ACM symposium on Document engineering (2008)

In this paper we present an automatic Keyphrase extraction technique for English documents of scientific domain. The devised algorithm uses n-gram filtration technique, which filters sophisticated n-grams {1dnd4} along with their weight from the words of input document. To develop n-gram filtration technique, we have used (1) LZ78 data compression based technique, (2) a simple refinement step, (3) A simple Pattern Filtration algorithm and, (4) a term weighting scheme. In term weighting scheme, we have introduced the importance of position of sentence (where given phrase occurs first) in document and position of phrase in sentence for documents of scientific domain (which is literally more organized than other domains). The entire system is based upon statistical observations, simple grammatical facts, heuristics, and lexical information of English language. We remark that the devised system does not require a learning phase. Our experimental results with publically available text dataset, shows that the devised system is comparable with other known algorithms.
Towards Natural Head Movement of Autonomous Speaker Agent
Authors: Marko Brkic, Karlo Smid, Tomislav Pejsa, Igor S. Pandzic
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part II (2008)

Autonomous Speaker Agent (ASA) is a graphically embodied animated agent capable of reading plain English text and rendering it in a form of speech, accompanied by appropriate, natural-looking facial gestures [1]. This paper is focused on improving ASA's head movement trajectories in order to achieve facial gestures that look as natural as possible. Based on the gathered data we proposed mathematical functions that, using two input parameters (maximum amplitude and duration of the gesture) generate natural-looking head motion trajectory. Proposed functions were implemented in our existing ASA platform and we compared them with our previous head movement models. Our results were shown to a larger number of people. The audience noticed that results showed improvement in head motion and didn't detect any patterns which would suggest that animation was done with predefined motion trajectories.
Cu contact on NiSi substrate with a Ta/TaN barrier stack
Authors: Mi Zhou, Ying Zhao, Wei Huang, Bao-Min Wang, Guo-Ping Ru, Yu-Long Jiang, Ran Liu, Xin-Ping Qu
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

The thermal and electrical stabilities of Cu contact on NiSi substrate with and without a Ta/TaN barrier stack in between were investigated. Four-point probe (FPP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Schottky barrier height (SBH) measurement were carried out to characterize the diffusion barrier properties. The SBH measurement provides a very sensitive method to characterize the diffusion barrier properties for the copper contact on NiSi/Si. The results show that the Ta/TaN stack can be both thermally and electrically stable after annealing at 450^oC for 30min and it will have a potential application as a diffusion barrier for Cu contact on NiSi.
Sentence and Text Comprehension: Evidence from Human Language Processing
Authors: Edward Gibson
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Natural Language and Information Systems: Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (2008)

In this presentation, I will survey research that is aimed at discovering how people process sentences and texts in natural language. In particular, I will survey evidence for the existence of several kinds of information constraints in language processing, including lexical, syntactic, world-knowledge, discourse coherence, referential and intonational information.
Adaptive neural queue management for TCP networks
Authors: Hyun C. Cho, Sami M. Fadali, Hyunjeong Lee
Venue: Computers and Electrical Engineering (2008)

Active Queue Management (AQM) is a proven strategy to efficiently maintain queues and ensure high utilization of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) network resources. The fundamental mechanism is to manage incoming packet rates at a router to prevent incipient network congestion. In this paper, we present an efficient neural network AQM system as a queue controller. The recurrent neural network has a Multi-layer Perceptron-Infinite Impulse Response (MLP-IIR) structure. Three distinct neural AQMs are trained under different network scenarios involving traffic levels. Selecting one of three neural AQMs is based on posterior probability history of traffic level. In addition, we investigate stochastic modeling of the network dynamics by a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). This model allows implementation of a predictive AQM system in which queue dynamics are predicted and used for error prediction via online DBN estimation. Our AQM method is evaluated through simulation experiments both using an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) network model and using OPNET^(C). The simulation results demonstrate that our adaptive neural AQM outperforms Random Early Detection (RED) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) based AQM.
Virtually participating: A survey of online party members
Authors: Stephen Ward, Wainer Lusoli, Rachel Gibson
Venue: Information Polity (2002)

This article assesses the role of ICTs in the context of membership participation and activism within political parties. It uses an online survey of over 2000 UK Liberal Democrat party members to examine how far the Internet/email can: (1) widen participation within political parties by increasing the size of the membership and attracting new groups to parties; (2) deepen participation by increasing levels of activism within parties. The results of the survey indicate that whilst ICTs may enable parties to reach younger voters and increase levels of activism amongst the already active, the overall impact on participation and internal party democracy is likely to be limited.
A Polynomial Algorithm for the Inference of Context Free Languages
Authors: Alexander Clark, Rémi Eyraud, Amaury Habrard
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international colloquium on Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications (2008)

We present a polynomial algorithm for the inductive inference of a large class of context free languages, that includes all regular languages. The algorithm uses a representation which we call Binary Feature Grammars based on a set of features, capable of representing richly structured context free languages as well as some context sensitive languages. More precisely, we focus on a particular case of this representation where the features correspond to contexts appearing in the language. Using the paradigm of positive data and a membership oracle, we can establish that all context free languages that satisfy two constraints on the context distributions can be identified in the limit by this approach. The polynomial time algorithm we propose is based on a generalisation of distributional learning and uses the lattice of context occurrences. The formalism and the algorithm seem well suited to natural language and in particular to the modelling of first language acquisition.
The revolution in military affairs: Its driving forces, elements, and complexity
Authors: Götz Neuneck
Venue: Complexity (2008)

The current concept of a &ldquo;revolution in military affairs&rdquo; (RMA) mainly characterizes the transformation of the US military to smaller, more lethal forces. It is driven by structural changes in the international system, the high investment in R&D and military expenditures by the US government, the dramatic advancements in information and communication technologies, and the integration of these military, doctrinal, and technological factors into new military structures and tactics. This current revolution in American affairs has been a capital-intensive evolution, and while these innovations have lead to tactical victories over opposing forces on the battlefield, it is not yet clear that they have contributed to stability in the larger strategic context. Indeed, even the tactical advantages are eroding as potential and existing opponents retool their own military doctrines. The strategic response runs the length of technological spectrum, from the development of countermeasures such as in the proliferation of WMD to the development of effective low-tech warfare strategies and tactics like IEDs detonated by cell phone. The proliferation of conventional weapons combines with the adaptation of new asymmetric tactics to offer a particularly grim forecast of the future. The Iraqi war demonstrates that the fog of war is not overcome, nor are wars fought with precision-guided munitions necessarily &ldquo;clean.&rdquo; In short, the sophisticated weapons and communications platforms of RMA are no panacea for the ills of the modern world. The key task for the globalized world is first and foremost to develop strategies to win the &ldquo;hearts and minds&rdquo; of people in zones of violent conflict. The inclusion of civil society is a basic element, and armed forces should seek the dialogue with the civil society before it comes to war. Moreover, efforts must be redoubled to develop new methods for effective arms control. &copy; 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008