ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Efficient speech recognition using subvector quantization and discrete-mixture HMMs
Authors: S. Tsakalidis
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

This paper introduces a new form of observation distributions for hidden Markov models (HMMs), combining subvector quantization and mixtures of discrete distributions. We present efficient training and decoding algorithms for the discrete-mixture HMMs (DMHMMs). Our experimental results in the air-travel information domain show that the high-level of recognition accuracy of continuous mixture-density HMMs (CDHMMs) can be maintained at significantly faster decoding speeds. Moreover, we show that when the same number of mixture components is used in DMHMMs and CDHMMs, the new models exhibit superior recognition performance.
The implementation of dynamic document organization using the integration of text clustering and text categorization
Authors: Taeho Jo
Venue:  (2006)

A document organization is a collection of documents composed of labeled clusters that contain similar documents. In any information system, a collection of documents always changes as time goes, since users access the collection to delete, add, and update documents. Dynamic Document Organization is a document organization that adapts automatically to such variable document collections. DDO poses two challenges, because of the decentralized mode of access. First, some clusters may have many documents, while others may have very few. Second, documents belonging to new topics may be added to the information system very often. Considering these two points, we need to reorganize the collection of documents, even if it was organized previously. Both text categorization and text clustering are limited when implementing DDO (Dynamic Document Organization) individually. Text categorization requires the manual preliminary tasks of the predefinition of a classification system and the preparation of sample labeled documents. Text clustering generates only unnamed clusters alone; each cluster should be labeled, manually by scanning contained documents. Therefore, this dissertation proposes approaches to the implementation of DDO that combined text clustering, cluster identification, and text categorization.
The Sombrero distributed single address space operating system project
Authors: Alan Skousen, Donald Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Windows NT Symposium - Volume 2 (1998)

The Sombrero operating system project is an experiment to investigate the potential of a distributed large Single Address Space Operating System (SASOS) as a computing environment. We are currently prototyping Sombrero on Alpha 21164 based NT systems. The prototype gives NT the ability to manage 8-terabyte data sets across a network in a single distributed address space. This distributed address space supports a mechanism that allows multiple network users to have access to and a consistent view of the same addresses while at the same time being protected from one another's activities. We also propose changes to current stock processor architecture to facilitate the single large distributed address space design.
Automated personal identification system based on human iris analysis
Authors: R. T. Al-Zubi, D. I. Abu-Al-Nadi
Venue: Pattern Analysis Applications (2007)

In general, a typical iris recognition system includes iris imaging, iris liveness detection, iris image quality assessment, and iris recognition. This paper presents an algorithm focusing on the last two steps. The novelty of this algorithm includes improving the speed and accuracy of the iris segmentation process, assessing the iris image quality such that only the clear images are accepted so as to reduce the recognition error, and producing a feature vector with discriminating texture features and a proper dimensionality so as to improve the recognition accuracy and computational efficiency. The Hough transform, polynomial fitting technique, and some morphological operations are used for the segmentation process. The phase data from 1D Log-Gabor filter is extracted and encoded efficiently to produce a proper feature vector. Experimental tests were performed using CASIA iris database (756 samples). These tests prove that the proposed algorithm has an encouraging performance.
Behavioral modeling and simulation of micromechanical resonator for communications applications
Authors: C. Mandelbaum, S. Cases, D. Bensaude, L. Basteres, P. Nachtergaele
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

A method for modeling and simulating MEMS is presented for communications applications. This method includes the automatic generation of a simulation-ready description of the MEMS device including coupled electro-mechanical behavior extracted from a geometrical device description. In order to solve the lack of interoperability with simulators to perform MEMS analyses, the proposed method introduces a model output fully compatible with behavioral simulators such as those from Tanner Research/spl reg/, Mentor Graphics/spl reg/, Synopsys/spl reg/, Agilent Technologies/spl reg/ and Cadence/spl reg/ for electronic simulations. This paper especially focuses on how to integrate a coupled-electromechanical model in an RF simulator like ADS from Agilent. The complete design flow is presented including layout design, automatic 3D model generation for 3D analysis, behavioral model generation and integration of the component into a circuit simulation. Two methods are presented- automatic generation of an electrical equivalent circuit for the MEMS device and- a method creating a fully non-linear device model which can be used as a black box within the circuit simulation environment. The paper presents an example based on a 10-MHz micromechanical resonator embedded within a Pierce oscillator circuit following the work of Nguyen. The model of the micromechanical resonator, a clamped-clamped beam that vibrates in a vertical displacement in response to an electrostatic excitation, is automatically created following the complete flow described above. The resonator has been analyzed at two levels: the device- and the system-level. On one hand, the intrinsic mechanical properties are obtained with the finite element method. On the other hand, the behavioral- and electrical equivalent circuit-models are generated from the finite element model by reducing the number of degrees of freedom. The analysis of the oscillator circuit is then performed with several RF simulators. In Nguyen's work, the author has simulated the oscillator circuit using an RLC-equivalent model of the micromechanical resonator. In contrast to the method presented in Nguyen article, the inclusion of coupled electro-mechanical behavior model in a circuit level simulation allows the representation of the non-linear effects of the MEMS device. The simulation results, highly coherent with results obtained on the circuit that integrates the RLC-equivalent model, highlight this mechanical non-linearity.
Multi-version Information Technologies and Development of Dependable Systems out of Undependable Components
Authors: Vyacheslav S. Kharchenko, Vladimir V. Sklyar, Andriy V. Volkoviy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems (2007)

The approaches of dependable computing systems development out of undependable components based on multi-version technologies are analyzed. Taxonomies of dependable systems, stages of dependable systems paradigms evolution are discussed. Same general tasks and principles of providing dependability are analyzed. Lifecycle model and principles of development and assessment of dependable computing systems by means of multi-version technologies are considered.
Static type determination for C++
Authors: Hemant D. Pande, Barbara G. Ryder
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on USENIX Sixth C++ Technical Conference - Volume 6 (1994)

Static type determination involves compile time calculation of the type of object a pointer may point to at a particular program point during some execution. We show that the problem of precise interprocedural type determination is NP-hard in the presence of inheritance, virtual methods and pointers. We highlight the significance of type determination in improving code efficiency and precision of other static analyses. We present a safe, approximate algorithm for C++ programs with single level pointers, using the conditional analysis technique [LR91]. We discuss the generalization of our approach to analyze programs with multiple levels of pointer dereferencing.
Development of Quantitative Tactile Display Device to Provide Both Pin- Array-Type Tactile Feedback and Thermal Feedback
Authors: Gi-Hun Yang, Ki-Uk Kyung, M. A. Srinivasan, Dong-Soo Kwon
Venue: Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2007)

This paper proposes a tactile display device that can provide both pin-array type tactile feedback and thermal feedback. The pin-array type tactile display is composed of a 6x5 pin-array that is individually actuated by 30 piezoelectric bimorphs. Micro shape and vibrotactile feedback can be generated by the device, and various planar distributed patterns can be displayed as can braille cell pattens. The thermal feedback device is composed of a thin film resistance temperature detector(RTD), a thermal pad as pin guide made of copper, 3 Peltier thermoelectric heat pumps and a water cooling jacket. Thermal feedback device allows that users can discriminate among different materials by considering the temperature variation that can be sensed as they touch an object's surface with stimulating heat transfer phenomena between a fingertip and an object.
Exact imagination and distributed creativity: a lesson from the history of animation
Authors: Michael Century
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity cognition (2007)

This paper discusses the introduction of software as a creative medium for animation production at the National Film Board of Canada during the 1960s and 70s. In a creative environment shaped by a strong auteur tradition, in which individual film-makers fashioned new technical set-ups as part and parcel of each new expressive work, the first system for figure based computer animation was introduced and proved out with a highly convincing demonstration film, La Faim/Hunger (1973). The techno-aesthetic frame of auteur animation conditioned the collaboration with programmer-engineers so as to sustain an already strongly embedded tradition of individual authorship. The collaborating team seamlessly distributed creative contributions between the roles of director/artist, software programmer, technical animator, and producer. The last two roles were central because they both entailed the ability of a single individual to understand both sides of the technical and artistic creative process, thereby serving as a bridge to the other two more specialized roles (artist and programmer). The collaboration in this emblematic case was a strong instance of "exact imagination", a concept here introduced to designate a close interdependency between the technical and artistic components of a creative work. A particularly valuable result of exact imagination when distributed amongst collaborators is the production of diverse outcomes -- original contributions accepted within multiple disciplinary domains. Collaborative research today will benefit from the emergent formulation of such an exact imagination, distributed across networks of differentiated creative individuals, and buttressed by enlightened institutional policies.
Genetic perceptual shaping: Utilizing cover image and conceivable attack information during watermark embedding
Authors: Asifullah Khan, Anwar M. Mirza
Venue: Information Fusion (2007)

We describe a new watermarking scheme based on intelligent shaping of a digital watermark using Genetic Programming (GP). The proposed method, in addition to achieving a superior tradeoff between watermark robustness and imperceptibility, is also able to structure the watermark in accordance with an anticipated attack. This has been achieved by simultaneously hiding the watermark as well as spreading and fusing it in such a way to resist the conceivable attack. Robustness versus imperceptibility tradeoff and increase in bit correct ratio after attack, have been employed as the optimization criteria in the GP search. The concept of bonus fitness has been used to implement multi-objective fitness based GP evolution. Experiments on standard images indicate that such watermark shaping functions could be developed that are cover image independent and enhance imperceptibility. They offer high resistance against removal and interference attacks of Checkmark benchmark.
Regular-SAT: A many-valued approach to solving combinatorial problems
Authors: Ramón Béjar, Felip Manyí, Alba Cabiscol, Cèsar Ferníndez, Carla Gomes
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2007)

Regular-SAT is a constraint programming language between CSP and SAT that-by combining many of the good properties of each paradigm-offers a good compromise between performance and expressive power. Its similarity to SAT allows us to define a uniform encoding formalism, to extend existing SAT algorithms to Regular-SAT without incurring excessive overhead in terms of computational cost, and to identify phase transition phenomena in randomly generated instances. On the other hand, Regular-SAT inherits from CSP more compact and natural encodings that maintain more the structure of the original problem. Our experimental results-using a range of benchmark problems-provide evidence that Regular-SAT offers practical computational advantages for solving combinatorial problems.
Visual Specification of Systems with Heterogeneous Coordination Models
Authors: David Šafránek
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

In this paper a prototype of a visual specification language called Visual Coordination Diagrams (VCD) for high-level design of concurrent systems with heterogeneous coordination models is presented. The key property of VCD is the separation of behavioral aspects from coordination aspects. We also highlight the heterogeneity of VCD which has two levels. At first, it allows different coordination models to be mixed in a particular specification. Secondly, different formalisms can be incorporated to VCD for specification of behavioral aspects. This paper contains an overview of the language followed with its formal definition. An example of using the language is also given.
Privacy in Pervasive Computing and Open Issues
Authors: Pankaj Bhaskar, Sheikh I. Ahamed
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Privacy appears as a major issue for pervasive computing applications. Several models have been proposed to address privacy challenges. Successful design requires awareness of the technology's users and that their desires and concerns are understood. This is difficult as few empirical researches exist about potential pervasive users that designers can use. Complicating design further is the fact that pervasive systems are typically embedded or invisible, making it difficult for users to know when these devices are present and collecting data. As users have a limited understanding of the technology several privacy, design, and safety issues are raised. This paper discusses how privacy might be preserved in a pervasive computing environment. It presents some research developments in these areas to address privacy concerns. Open issues and challenges are also examined.
Color text extraction with selective metric-based clustering
Authors: Céline Mancas-Thillou, Bernard Gosselin
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2007)

Natural scene images usually contain varying colors which make segmentation more difficult. Without any a priori knowledge of degradations and based on physical light reflectance, we propose a selective metric-based clustering to extract textual information in real-world images. The proposed method uses several metrics to merge similar color together for an efficient text-driven segmentation in the RGB color space. However, color information by itself is not sufficient to solve all natural scene issues; hence we complement it with intensity and spatial information obtained using Log-Gabor filters, thus enabling the processing of character segmentation into individual components to increase final recognition rates. Hence, our selective metric-based clustering is integrated into a dynamic method suitable for text extraction and character segmentation. Quantitative results on a public database are presented to assess the efficiency and the complementarity of metrics, together with the importance of a dynamic system for natural scene text extraction. Finally running time is detailed to show the usability of our method.
High throughput low energy FEC/ARQ technique for short frame turbo codes
Authors: Z. Chi
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

Protecting short frames using turbo coding is a challenging problem because of the short frame and the need for efficiency. In this paper, first, a scalable and easily implementable interleaver design is proposed since good random interleavers for long frame turbo codes are not guaranteed to perform well for short frames. Second, an efficient tail-biting encoding/decoding scheme is proposed, which does not sacrifice performance but significantly increases the throughput of the decoding process compared with existing methods. Finally, a novel error detection method, taking advantage a set of decoding metrics (DMs), is developed to reduce the number of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits used for error detection. The total savings is up to 12% for the transmission throughput and 21.5% for the energy consumption of the turbo decoder when a frame size of 49 is used.
Inclusion of deaf students in computer science classes using real-time speech transcription
Authors: Richard Kheir, Thomas Way
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2007)

Computers increasingly are prevalent in the classroom, with student laptops becoming the norm, yet some beneficial uses of this widespread technology are being overlooked. Speech recognition software is maturing, and possesses the potential to provide real-time note taking assistance in the classroom, particularly for deaf and hard of hearing students. This paper reports on a practical, portable and readily deployed application that provides a cost-effective, automatic transcription system with the goal of making computer science lectures inclusive of deaf and hard of hearing students. The design of the system is described, some specific technology choices and implementation approaches are discussed, and results of two phases of an in-class evaluation of the system are analyzed. Ideas for student research projects that could extend and enhance the system also are proposed.
Optimized subdivisions for preprocessed visibility
Authors: Oliver Mattausch, Jiří Bittner, Peter Wonka, Michael Wimmer
Venue: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007 (2007)

This paper describes a new tool for preprocessed visibility. It puts together view space and object space partitioning in order to control the render cost and memory cost of the visibility description generated by a visibility solver. The presented method progressively refines view space and object space subdivisions while minimizing the associated render and memory costs. Contrary to previous techniques, both subdivisions are driven by actual visibility information. We show that treating view space and object space together provides a powerful method for controlling the efficiency of the resulting visibility data structures.
A machine learning approach to TCP throughput prediction
Authors: Mariyam Mirza, Joel Sommers, Paul Barford, Xiaojin Zhu
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (2007)

TCP throughput prediction is an important capability in wide area overlay and multi-homed networks where multiple paths may exist between data sources and receivers. In this paper we describe a new, lightweight method for TCP throughput prediction that can generate accurate forecasts for a broad range of file sizes and path conditions. Our method is based on Support Vector Regression modeling that uses a combination of prior file transfers and measurements of simple path properties. We calibrate and evaluate the capabilities of our throughput predictor in an extensive set of lab-based experiments where ground truth can be established for path properties using highly accurate passive measurements. We report the performance for our method in the ideal case of using our passive path property measurements over a range of test configurations. Our results show that for bulk transfers in heavy traffic, TCP throughput is predicted within 10% of the actual value 87% of the time, representing nearly a 3-fold improvement in accuracy over prior history-based methods. In the same lab environment, we assess our method using less accurate active probe measurements of path properties, and show that predictions can be made within 10% of the actual value nearly 50% of the time over a range of file sizes and traffic conditions. This result represents approximately a 60% improvement over history-based methods with a much lower impact on end-to-end paths. Finally, we implement our predictor in a tool called PathPerf and test it in experiments conducted on wide area paths. The results demonstrate that PathPerf predicts TCP through put accurately over a variety of paths.
Isolation in Commodity Multicore Processors
Authors: Nidhi Aggarwal, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Norman P. Jouppi, James E. Smith
Venue: Computer (2007)

Resource sharing in modern chip multiprocessors (multicores) provides many cost and performance benefits. However, component sharing also creates drawbacks for fault, performance, and security isolation. Thus, integration of components on a multicore chip should also be accompanied by features that help isolate effects of faults, destructive performance interference, and security breaches.
Distance education-sources and control of air pollution
Authors: R. J. Heinsohn
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contents of a course in air pollution in terms of major anticipated changes in university priorities that will affect engineering education. The course is intellectually rigorous and designed for students from many fields of engineering. The course relies on material learned in these separate engineering disciplines. Steps to be taken to offer the course via distance education are proposed. The engineering faculty can expect to experience efforts by universities to balance budgets by reducing costs, since there are severe limitations on generating sufficient new revenue. It is important that faculty understand and discuss candidly the ramifications of such efforts. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player