ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design tools for architects
Authors: Panagiotis Parthenios
Venue:  (2005)

The increasing computational support available to architectural practices has been particularly successful in the phases of design development and production of construction documents. Only recently have computers began to formally address the early design phases; they are still far from revealing their full potential to provide architects with tools that genuinely support the creative, exploratory nature of conceptual design. This study contributes to a better understanding of how architects can use computers during the conceptual design phase to enhance their design ability. Four case studies illustrate in detail how architects do conceptual design, what their needs are, what tools they use and how they use them, and what inefficiencies occur during the conceptual design process. A survey on tools for conceptual design and a series of interviews with architects and others working at design-related software companies complement the case studies. This study indicates that architects use both analog and digital tools because each tool provides an additional level of vision to the architect. Although computational tools have become extremely powerful and affect the design output, paper pencil still remain an irreplaceable means of expression and exploration, even among younger architects. This study also identified a unique characteristic of the conceptual design process, the &ldquo;Critical Points for Change&rdquo; (CPCs). CPCs work as vital mechanisms for enhancing design; they either trigger alterations that refine the design solution or provoke the architect to reject the idea and pursue a better one. Moreover, through the use of specific examples, this study shows how more advanced tools can contribute to achieving more satisficing&mdash;better&mdash;design solutions, thus enhancing the architect's design ability. Finally, this study suggests that there is space for significant improvement in the nature of computational support for conceptual design which would open new horizons to architects.
Novel Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Design by MOS-NDR Devices and Circuits
Authors: Dong-Shong Liang, Kwang-Jow Gan, Chung-Chih Hsiao, Cher-Shiung Tsai, Yaw-Hwang Chen, Shih-Yu Wang, Shun-Huo Kuo, Feng-Chang Chiang, Long-Xian Su
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

This paper describes the design of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on the negative differential resistance (NDR) devices. The NDR devices used in the work is fully composed by the metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOS) devices. This MOS-NDR device can exhibit the NDR characteristic in its current-voltage curve by suitably arranging MOS parameters. The VCO is constructed by three low-power MOS-NDR inverter. This novel VCO has a range of operation frequency from 151MHz to 268MHz. It consumes 24.5mW in its central frequency of 260MHz using a 2V power supply. This VCO is fabricated by 0.35µm CMOS process and occupied an area of 120 x 86 µm².
Highly Scalable and Accurate Seeds for Subsequence Alignment
Authors: Abhijit Pol, Tamer Kahveci
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (2005)

We propose a method for finding seeds for the local alignment of two nucleotide sequences. Our method uses randomized algorithms to find approximate seeds. We present a dynamic index to store the fingerprints of k-grams and a highly scalable and accurate (HSA) algorithm to incorporate randomization into process of seed generation. Experimental results show that our method produces better quality seeds with improved running time and memory usage compared to traditional non-spaced and spaced seeds. The presented algorithm scales very well with higher seed lengths while maintaining the quality and performance.
A Scalable Hybrid Approach for Extracting Head Components from Web Tables
Authors: Sung-Won Jung, Hyuk-Chul Kwon
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2006)

We have established a preprocessing method for determining the meaningfulness of a table to allow for information extraction from tables on the Internet. A table offers a preeminent clue in text mining because it contains meaningful data displayed in rows and columns. However, tables are used on the Internet for both knowledge structuring and document design. Therefore, we were interested in determining whether or not a table has meaningfulness that is related to the structural information provided at the abstraction level of the table head. Accordingly, we: 1) investigated the types of tables present in HTML documents, 2) established the features that distinguished meaningful tables from others, 3) constructed a training data set using the established features after having filtered any obvious decorative tables, and 4) constructed a classification model using a decision tree. Based on these features, we set up heuristics for table head extraction from meaningful tables, and obtained an F-measure of 95.0 percent in distinguishing meaningful tables from decorative tables and an accuracy of 82.1 percent in extracting the table head from the meaningful tables.
The End of a Very Interesting Year
Authors: Gerald L. Engel
Venue: Computer (2005)

The IEEE Computer Society's 2005 president reviews the accomplishments of the past year and looks to the future.
MMM2: mobile media metadata for photo sharing
Authors: Shane Ahern, Simon King, Marc Davis
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

Though cameraphones are rapidly becoming the dominant platform for consumer digital photography, users still face difficulties in transferring, managing, and sharing photos captured with cameraphones. The Mobile Media Metadata 2 (MMM2) system removes the difficulty in transferring photos from the device by providing an automatic upload capability and uses metadata about the context in which a photo was captured to simplify photo management and streamline the sharing process. In our MMM2 system, we have leveraged collaborative filtering techniques to infer the likely sharing recipients for photos based on contextual metadata, which allows the system to accurately guess likely share recipients for a photo and present them to the photographer at the time of capture.
Elders Know Best " Handling Churn in Less Structured P2P Systems
Authors: Yi Qiao, Fabian E. Bustamante
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (2005)

We address the problem of highly transient populations in unstructured and loosely-structured peer-to-peer systems. We propose a number of illustrative query-related strategies and organizational protocols that, by taking into consideration the expected session times of peers (their lifespans), yield systems with performance characteristics more resilient to the natural instability of their environments. We first demonstrate the benefits of lifespan-based organizational protocols in terms of end-application performance and in the context of dynamic and heterogeneous Internet environments. We do this using a number of currently adopted and proposed query-related strategies, including methods for query distribution, caching and replication. We then show, through trace-driven simulation and wide-area experimentation, the performance advantages of lifespan-based, query-related strategies when layered over currently employed and lifespan-based organizational protocols. While merely illustrative, the evaluated strategies and protocols clearly demonstrate the advantages of considering peers¿ session time in designing widely-deployed peer-to-peer systems.
Error Rate-Based Dynamic Weighted Fair Queuing In Wireless Networks
Authors: Jen-Yi Huang, Yu-Kuo Tseng, Mao Sheng Lin, Wen-Shyong Hsieh
Venue: Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (2005)

In this paper, a scheduling algorithm that is based on WFQ[1] and dynamically adjusts weights according to the error rate of each flow is presented. The base station allocates the bandwidth by calculating the weight of the mobile hosts and error rate of each as a fraction of that of the entire body. During the process of adjustment, theweight of a certain channel is prevented from increasing or decreasing excessively, which would lead to unfairness. Using this adjustment, the overall throughput is increased and the fairness to all users is maintained.
Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessors
Authors: Rakesh Kumar, Dean M. Tullsen, Norman P. Jouppi, Parthasarathy Ranganathan
Venue: Computer (2005)

Heterogeneous (or asymmetric) chip multiprocessors present unique opportunities for improving system throughput, reducing processor power, and mitigating Amdahl's law. On-chip heterogeneity allows the processor to better match execution resources to each application's needs and to address a wider spectrum of system loads-from low to high thread parallelism-with high efficiency.
Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Venue: ACM Workshop On Digital Rights Management (2005)

Digital Rights Management (DRM) is a multifaceted area that includes diverse disciplines such as Mathematics and Cryptography, Legal and Social aspects, Signal Processing, Game Theory, Information Theory, Software and Systems Design and Business Analysis. The ACM Workshop on Digital Rights Management is an international forum that serves as an interdisciplinary bridge across these areas. Its purpose is to bring together researchers from the above fields for a full day of formal talks and informal discussions, covering new results that will spur new investigations regarding the foundations and practices of DRM.This year's workshop, the fifth in the series, continued this tradition. The workshop was sponsored by ACM SIGSAC and was held in conjunction with the 12th ACM Conference in Computer and Communications Security (CCS). This volume contains the proceedings of the workshop and is a good representation of the diversity of disciplines that contribute to the complexity of DRM. The workshop received 33 submissions (from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America) out of which 13 were accepted for presentation after a rigorous refereeing process.The invited talk at the workshop was given by Andrew Moss from Microsoft, who spoke on "Digital Evolution - Survival of the Adaptable."
Distribution-Based Synthetic Database Generation Techniques for Itemset Mining
Authors: Ganesh Ramesh, Mohammed J. Zaki, William A. Maniatty
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Database Engineering & Application Symposium (2005)

The resource requirements of frequent pattern mining algorithms depend mainly on the length distribution of the mined patterns in the database. Synthetic databases, which are used to benchmark performance of algorithms, tend to have distributions far different from those observed in real datasets. In this paper we focus on the problem of synthetic database generation and propose algorithms to effectively embed within the database, any given set of maximal pattern collections, and make the following contributions: 1. A database generation technique is presented which takes k maximal itemset collections as input, and constructs a database which produces these maximal collections as output, when mined at k levels of support. To analyze the efficiency of the procedure, upper bounds are provided on the number of transactions output in the generated database. 2. A compression method is used and extended to reduce the size of the output database. An optimization to the generation procedure is provided which could potentially reduce the number of transactions generated. 3. Preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of using the generation technique.
Accurate Active Shape Model for Face Alignment
Authors: Lu Huchuan, Shi Wengang
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2005)

In this paper, we proposed three improvements on the traditional Active Shape Models, which make the Active Shape Models execute more accurate for face alignment. These improvements including: Group method for avoid creating distort shape; Best direction and extended width for search profile; Enhanced edge profile for special landmark points on the cheek contour of face shape.
Cellular Ants: Combining Ant-Based Clustering with Cellular Automata
Authors: Andrew Vande Moere, Justin James Clayden
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2005)

This paper proposes a novel data clustering algorithm, coined 'cellular ants', which combines principles of cellular automata and ant colony optimization algorithms to group similar multi-dimensional data objects within a two-dimensional grid. The proposed method assigns data objects to unique ants, which actively move around, leave pheromones and follow trails of similar ants. Cellular automata principles based on simple, discrete neighborhood densities determine an ant's directional movements, so that clusters emerge. The novel concept of 'positional swapping' organizes these clusters internally based on multi-dimensional data value similarity. As a result, shared cluster borders in grid space contain data objects that are nearby in parameter space. This method is algorithmically simple, as it is based on a few user-chosen variables and uses fixed discrete values instead of probability algorithms. This clustering technique is evaluated using several datasets, while its methodology and computational performance is compared to similar approaches.
Blended learning in a teacher training course: Integrated interactive e-learning and contact learning
Authors: Rita Kupetz, Birgit Ziegenmeyer
Venue: ReCALL (2005)

The paper discusses a blended learning concept for a university teacher training course for prospective teachers of English. The concept aims at purposeful learning using different methods and activities, various traditional and electronic media, learning spaces covering contact and distance learning, and task-based learning modules that begin with multimedia-based case stories. The learning concept is based on theories of situated learning in multimedia-enhanced learning environments. The activities discussed include classroom recordings and multimedia-based case stories, an electronic interview with an expert who is an experienced grammar school teacher, and mini-practices, which implement micro teaching in a classroom setting. Case stories used as a didactic tool in teacher education are supposed to contribute to a closer and more reflective relationship between theory-driven and practically-oriented aspects of teacher education. The multimedia-based case stories are hypertexts designed as essential components of computer-based learning modules that support various ways and styles of learning. Students worked with the case story material either in guided or in self-regulated scenarios several times during the course. Three types of learners could be distinguished: students who mainly create and apply experiences, students who mainly study the theoretical resources, and students who create with focused selection of resources. The e-interview promotes an exchange between theory and practical teaching and experience with this format of e-learning at the same time. The mini-practice offers guided insights into analyzing teaching materials, hands-on experiences with lesson planning and the experience of acting as a teacher in an authentic teaching context. Furthermore, the mini-practice is meant to help the students broaden their perspectives on &ldquo;English lessons at school&rdquo; and change their perspective, that is, from a pupil&rsquo;s to a prospective teacher&rsquo;s. These activities combine contact learning and interactive e-learning. This combination is highly appreciated by our learners and represents our concept of integrated interactive e-learning and contact learning.
The CCA component model for high-performance scientific computing
Authors: Rob Armstrong, Gary Kumfert, Lois Curfman McInnes, Steven Parker, Ben Allan, Matt Sottile, Thomas Epperly, Tamara Dahlgren
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2006)

The Common Component Architecture (CCA) is a component model for high-performance computing, developed by a grass-roots effort of computational scientists. Although the CCA is usable with CORBA-like distributed-object components, its main purpose is to set forth a component model for high-performance, parallel computing. Traditional component models are not well suited for performance and massive parallelism. We outline the design pattern for the CCA component model, discuss our strategy for language interoperability, describe the development tools we provide, and walk through an illustrative example using these tools. Performance and scalability, which are distinguishing features of CCA components, affect choices throughout design and implementation. Copyright &copy; 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An auctioning reputation system based on anomaly
Authors: Shai Rubin, Mihai Christodorescu, Vinod Ganapathy, Jonathon T. Giffin, Louis Kruger, Hao Wang, Nicholas Kidd
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security (2005)

Existing reputation systems used by online auction houses do not address the concern of a buyer shopping for commodities - finding a good bargain. These systems do not provide information on the practices adopted by sellers to ensure profitable auctions. These practices may be legitimate, like imposing a minimum starting bid on an auction, or fraudulent, like using colluding bidders to inflate the final price in a practice known as shilling.We develop a reputation system to help buyers identify sellers whose auctions seem price-inflated. Our reputation system is based upon models that characterize sellers according to statistical metrics related to price inflation. We combine the statistical models with anomaly detection techniques to identify the set of suspicious sellers. The output of our reputation system is a set of values for each seller representing the confidence with which the system can say that the auctions of the seller are price-inflated.We evaluate our reputation system on 604 high-volume sellers who posted 37,525 auctions on eBay. Our system automatically pinpoints sellers whose auctions contain potential shill bidders. When we manually analyze these sellers' auctions, we find that many winning bids are at about the items' market values, thus undercutting a buyer's ability to find a bargain and demonstrating the effectiveness of our reputation system.
Art-directed technology: anatomy of a Shrek2 sequence
Authors: Rachel Falk, Denise Minter, Conrad Vernon, Guillaume Aretos, Lucia Modesto, Arnauld Lamorlette, Nick Walker, Tim Cheung, Janet Rentel-Lavin, Harry Max
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Course Notes (2004)

We have reached a new frontier of computer-animated filmmaking. With each new DreamWorks animated film, we are defining and redefining the technologies, techniques, pipeline, and development process for how to create a film efficiently. Each film's creative process represents a step forward, as we continue to surmount technical, stylistic, and artistic challenges against ever tighter production schedules.
Man-machine project management system for new products development
Authors: Susumu Tsuhara, Susumu Seki, Koji Nakamura, Toshiro Namiki
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1979)

Man-machine project management system for new products development has been developed. It possesses the following three functions. (1) Planning the optimum inspection project, (2) Project scheduling with limited resources and (3) Man-machine project prediction and evaluation. In this paper, the necessity of these functions is described. Authors will also refer to the realization methods.
Segmentation of Aerial Surveillance Video Using a Mixture of Experts
Authors: Hui Cheng, Darren Butler
Venue: Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing on Techniques and Applications (2005)

In recent years, aerial video surveillance has proved to be an effective way to collect information for a variety of applications including military operations, law-enforcement activities, disaster management and commercial applications. In order to keep pace with the growing demand for aerial surveillance, a vast amount of aerial video needs to be processed automatically. In particular, objects and regions in aerial videos need to be segmented and labeled to enable other automated video processing, such as event detection, summarization, indexing and high level aerial video understanding. In this paper, we propose a video segmentation algorithm for aerial surveillance video. The algorithm uses a Mixture of Experts (MoE) consisting of a supervised image segmentation algorithm named the Trainable Sequential MAP (TSMAP) segmentation algorithm; the unsupervised mean shift image segmentation algorithm and a moving object detection algorithm. Using domain knowledge from aerial video surveillance, the outputs of the three experts are judiciously combined to generate the final segmentation results. One advantage of our MoE based segmentation algorithm is that it exploits the benefits of each of the experts: the unsupervised segmentation algorithm provides accurate region boundaries; the supervised segmentation algorithm provides semantic labeling for each region using texture information; and the moving object detection algorithm provides a reliable object segmentation using the motion information. We illustrate the efficacy of our approach with aerial surveillance videos containing vehicles, roads, buildings, trees, fields, and shadows.
Chemically conformal deposition of SrTiO3 thin films by atomic layer deposition using conventional metal organic precursors and remote-plasma activated H2O
Authors: Sang Woon Lee, Oh Seong Kwon, Cheol Seong Hwang
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

Chemically conformal deposition of SrTiO3 (STO) thin films was successfully achieved by ALD using conventional metal organic precursors and remote-plasma activated H2O. It was found that the ALD behavior of the STO film was critically dependent on the Sr(thd)2 source bubbling temperature. When the Sr-source bubbling temperature was < ∼ 200°C (Sr(thd)2 melting temperature), the deposition proceeded in a genuine ALD mode and stoichiometric STO films were deposited with a good process reliability. Relatively good electrical properties were obtained from a planar capacitor structure with Pt top and Ru bottom electrodes. A 19.5-nm-thick STO film showed an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 0.8 nm and a leakage current density of 1.98×10-6A/cm2 at IV after post-annealing.
Designing a Visualization Framework for Multidimensional Data
Authors: Brent Dennis, Sarat Kocherlakota, Amit Sawant, Laura Tateosian, Christopher G. Healey
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2005)

Interest in visualization has grown in recent years, producing rapid advances in the diversity of research being conducted, and in the scope of the techniques being proposed. Although display algorithms are a critical component in the visualization process, they are not the only issue to consider. More and more, researchers see visualization as a path from data to understanding. From this perspective, two obvious questions arise, What should we do before we display the data? and What can we do after the user views the data? This article describes one possible system that starts with data management and continues through assisted visualization design, display, navigation, and user interaction.