ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
View-Based Collective I/O for MPI-IO
Authors: Javier García Blas, Florin Isaila, David E. Singh, J. Carretero
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2008)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new file system independent collective I/O optimization based on file views: view-based collective I/O. View-based collective I/O has been implemented and evaluated inside ROMIO implementation of MPI-IO standard. The evaluation section shows that view-based I/O outperforms the original two-phase collective I/O from ROMIO in most of the cases for three well-known parallel I/O benchmarks. This is especially due to a smaller cost of scatter/gather operations, a reduction of the metadata overhead, and a smaller number of collective communication and synchronization primitives used in the implementation.
Challenges in automotive software engineering
Authors: Herbert Hanselmann
Venue: Companion of the 30th international conference on Software engineering (2008)

Developing and integrating automotive embedded software is a complex undertaking. The software is large. It is developed by many contributors. It is distributed over many control units connected by a variety of in-vehicle buses. Often much of the equipment or functions in a car are optional and regulatory requirements also vary between markets, leading to large combinatorial variations of software features. Targets running the software have to be cheap. Errors can be extremely expensive. New software and system features are demanded by the market and also by governmental regulations. Model-based design (MBD) of functional behaviour has been a big help in the recent past on the one hand, and on the other hand has by itself created new complexity by allowing relatively quick development of ever more features, especially when combined with autocoding. All this creates new challenges that did not exist a few years ago when feature development was slow. Major new challenges now are to tame all the complexity, get a system view on top of the individual functions, and to leverage executable system models to put more comprehensive testing into early phases of a development. Tools are required which really help those engineers and software developers. Their needs may not ask for a lot of computer science glamour. They can be quite basic and sophisticated concepts from computer science may find it difficult to find acceptance outside some niches. This presentation will outline the achievements, the current challenges and will point to upcoming tools and approaches that help meeting those challenges.
Yield prediction and waterlogging assessment for tea plantation land using satellite image-based techniques
Authors: N. Rama Rao, M. Kapoor, N. Sharma, K. Venkateswarlu
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Motivated by the operational use of remote sensing in various agricultural crop studies, this study evaluates the application and utility of remote sensing-based techniques in yield prediction and waterlogging assessment of tea plantation land in the Assam State of India. The potential of widely used vegetation indices like NDVI and SR (simple ratio) and the recently proposed TVI has been evaluated for the prediction of green leaf tea yield and made tea yield based on image-derived leaf area index (LAI), along with weather parameters. It was observed that the yield model based on the TVI showed the highest correlation (R2 = 0.83) with green leaf tea yield. The NDVI-and SR-based models suffered non-responsiveness when the yield approached maximum. The NDVI and SR showed saturation when the LAI exceeded a magnitude of 4. However, the TVI responded well, even when the LAI exceeded 5, and thus has potential use in the estimation of the LAI of dense vegetation such as some crops and forest where it generally exceeds the threshold value of 4. An attempt was made for the innovative application of TCT and NDWI in the mapping of waterlogging in tea plantation land. The NDWI in conjunction with TCT offered fairly good accuracy (87%) in the delineation of tea areas prone to waterlogging. This observation indicates the potential of NDWI and TCT in mapping waterlogged areas where the soil has considerable vegetation cover.
Precise Measurement of Wireless Network Roaming Functionality and Network Component Parameters Applied for Automation Systems
Authors: Jaroslav Kadlec, Jan Beran, Radimír Vrba
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Systems (2008)

The contemporary wireless networks in use have to solve problems with moving wirelessly connected devices. Such devices can move inside a one wireless network cell or across the several ones in the frame of one network or even from the one network to another. The conventional wireless connection types were designed for providing basic roaming functionality. The same functionality can be used in automation wireless networks. Main problems of roaming in automation networks especially in time-critical applications are speed of roaming procedure, and security of roaming procedure. Automation systems are very sensitive to packet losses and time delays in the communication. Securing of communication link during roaming is also required. Roaming speed goes directly against security level and it’s very important to specify requirements of possible automation applications to maximum time delay and minimum security level. Roaming process and time consumption of its particular procedures is in detail described and measured in this paper. Based on required parameters to maximum roaming delay time and security level should be selected optimal compromise between these two parameters. The chapter below is focused on the roaming functionality available in WLANs, their main features, basic principles and concrete testing of these important parameters.
2008 Special Issue: How language can help discrimination in the Neural Modelling Fields framework
Authors: José F. Fontanari, Leonid I. Perlovsky
Venue: Neural Networks (2008)

The relationship between thought and language and, in particular, the issue of whether and how language influences thought is still a matter of fierce debate. Here we consider a discrimination task scenario to study language acquisition in which an agent receives linguistic input from an external teacher, in addition to sensory stimuli from the objects that exemplify the overlapping categories that make up the environment. Sensory and linguistic input signals are fused using the Neural Modelling Fields (NMF) categorization algorithm. We find that the agent with language is capable of differentiating object features that it could not distinguish without language. In this sense, the linguistic stimuli prompt the agent to redefine and refine the discrimination capacity of its sensory channels.
Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing
Authors: William Thies, John Paul Urbanski, Todd Thorsen, Saman Amarasinghe
Venue: Natural Computing: an international journal (2008)

Microfluidic devices are emerging as an attractive technology for automatically orchestrating the reactions needed in a biological computer. Thousands of microfluidic primitives have already been integrated on a single chip, and recent trends indicate that the hardware complexity is increasing at rates comparable to Moore's Law. As in the case of silicon, it will be critical to develop abstraction layers--such as programming languages and Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs)--that decouple software development from changes in the underlying device technology. Towards this end, this paper presents BioStream, a portable language for describing biology protocols, and the Fluidic ISA, a stable interface for microfluidic chip designers. A novel algorithm translates microfluidic mixing operations from the BioStream layer to the Fluidic ISA. To demonstrate the benefits of these abstraction layers, we build two microfluidic chips that can both execute BioStream code despite significant differences at the device level. We consider this to be an important step towards building scalable biological computers.
The impact of history length on personalized search
Authors: Yangbo Zhu, Jamie Callan, Jaime Carbonell
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Personalized search is a promising way to better serve different users' information needs. Search history is one of the major information sources for search personalization. We investigated the impact of history length on the effectiveness of personalized ranking. We carried out task-based user study for Web search, and obtained ranked relevance judgments for all queries. Query contexts derived from previous queries in the same task are used to re-rank results for the current query. Experimental results show that the performance of personalization generally improves as more queries are accumulated, but most of the benefits come from a few immediately preceding queries.
A Framework for Over the Air Provider-Initiated Software Deployment on Mobile Devices
Authors: Chuong Cong Vo, Torab Torabi
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (2008)

While mobile users want to obtain software anywhere and anytime without the knowledge of software availability in advance, software providers want to deploy their software to mobile devices without the users' intervention. However, because mobile devices expose special characteristics such as restriction of capability, heterogeneity, mobility, wireless connectivity, and context-orientation, deployment of software or context-aware services on mobile devices is a problematical issue. This work proposes a framework for over the air provider-initiated software deployment on mobile devices (OTA-PSD). Using the OTA-PSD, once new software or software updates are available, by the initiation of the provider, the compatible mobile devices, which have subscribed to the provider, will automatically receive this software with the minimum users' intervention. This framework allows providers to deploy their services on mobile devices based on users' context and device specification. To demonstrate the feasibility of the OTA-PSD, we developed a deployment system based on the OTA-PSD. We successfully demonstrated the deployment of a case study using our deployment system.
A review of vertical handoff decision algorithm in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Anita Singhrova, Nupur Prakash
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

Mobility is one of the most compelling features in communication these days, having an enormous impact on pervasive computing. In the vision of 4G wireless communications, it is one of the requisite to provide seamless mobility support across heterogeneous access networks. In order to enable mobile users to seamlessly roam across such heterogeneous networks, there are many challenges arising from inter technology vertical Handover. This paper aims to review the Fuzzy logic based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm based on three input parameter namely Received Signal Strength, Cost and Bandwidth, as against one input parameter namely Received Signal Strength in case of conventional Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm. This important feature of Vertical Handoff Decision in 4G networks will improve the overall efficiency of seamless mobility in fourth generation heterogeneous networks.
IP over connection-oriented networks and distributional paging
Authors: C. Lund, S. Phillips, N. Reingold
Venue: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1994)

Next generation wide area network are very likely to use connection-oriented protocols such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). For the huge existing investment in current IP networks such as the Internet to remain useful, me must devise mechanisms to carry IP traffic over connection-oriented networks. A basic issue is to devise holding policies for virtual circuits carrying datagrams. In this paper we consider two variants of the paging problem that arise in the design of such holding policies. In the IP-paging problem the page inter-request times are chosen according to independent distributions. For this model we construct a very simple deterministic algorithm whose page fault rate is at most 5 times that of the best online algorithm (that knows the inter-request time distributions). We also show that some natural algorithms for this problem do not have constant competitive ratio. In distributional paging the inter-request time distributions may be dependent, and hence any probabilistic model of page request sequences can be represented. We construct a simple randomized algorithm whose page fault rate is at most 4 times that of the best online algorithm.
Delegation forwarding
Authors: Vijay Erramilli, Mark Crovella, Augustin Chaintreau, Christophe Diot
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing (2008)

Mobile opportunistic networks are characterized by unpredictable mobility, heterogeneity of contact rates and lack of global information. Successful delivery of messages at low costs and delays in such networks is thus challenging. Most forwarding algorithms avoid the cost associated with flooding the network by forwarding only to nodes that are likely to be good relays, using a quality metric associated with nodes. However it is non-trivial to decide whether an encountered node is a good relay at the moment of encounter. Thus the problem is in part one of online inference of the quality distribution of nodes from sequential samples, and has connections to optimal stopping theory. Based on these observations we develop a new strategy for forwarding, which we refer to as delegation forwarding. We analyse two variants of delegation forwarding and show that while naive forwarding to high contact rate nodes has cost linear in the population size, the cost of delegation forwarding is proportional to the square root of population size. We then study delegation forwarding with different metrics using real mobility traces and show that delegation forwarding performs as well as previously proposed algorithms at much lower cost. In particular we show that the delegation scheme based on destination contact rate does particularly well.
Scientific Sketching for Collaborative VR Visualization Design
Authors: Daniel F. Keefe, Daniel Acevedo, Jadrian Miles, Fritz Drury, Sharon M. Swartz, David H. Laidlaw
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2008)

We present four studies investigating tools and methodologies for artist-scientist-technologist collaboration in designing multivariate, virtual reality (VR) visualizations. Design study 1 identifies the promise of 3D drawing-style interfaces for VR design and also establishes limitations of these tools with respect to precision and support for animation. In design study 2, animating artist-drawn designs with scientific data from problems in 3D fluid flow is explored. While results captured an accurate sense of flow that was advantageous, potential for visual exploration was limited. Design study 3 reveals the importance of a new 3D drawing interface that overcomes the precision limitation found in study 1 while remaining accessible to artist collaborators. In design study 4, collaborative teams employ a design process that begins with traditional paper sketching and moves to animated, interactive, VR prototypes. Conclusions identify important characteristics of effective artist-accessible VR design tools and lead to a proposed methodology for successful collaborative design called Scientific Sketching. Scientific Sketching incorporates the VR-based design advances found most useful during the design studies while also drawing upon traditional design tools such as work with traditional media and evaluation via critique.
Factors affecting e-collaboration technology use among management students
Authors: Antonio Padilla-Meléndez, Aurora Garrido-Moreno, Ana Rosa Del Aguila-Obra
Venue: Computers Education (2008)

This paper describes an exploratory study of 225 management students in a medium-sized university in southern Spain. The influences of gender and previous experience as determinants of technology use were analysed. Furthermore, a modified Technology Acceptance Model, using SEM, was applied to explain the influence of perceived computer self-efficacy on the intention to use Internet-based e-collaboration technologies in the learning-teaching process. This was completed with qualitative data from unstructured interviews with ten students. Our results suggest that the management student cannot be considered an advanced user of the Internet. Computer self-efficacy has a positive influence on intention to use the system. This intention is also influenced by attitude towards the system, but not directly by perceived usefulness. These and other contradictory findings are analysed in the paper.
Construction of binary minimal product parity-check matrices
Authors: Morteza Esmaeili
Venue: Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing (2008)

A parity-check matrix H of a given code $${\mathcal{C}}$$ is called minimal if it has minimum number of nonzero entries among all parity-check matrices representing $${\mathcal{C}}$$. Let $${\mathcal{C}_1}$$ and $${\mathcal{C}_2}$$ be two binary linear block codes with minimal parity-check matrices H 1 and H 2, respectively. It is shown that, using H 1 and H 2, one can efficiently generate a minimal parity-check matrix for the product code $${\mathcal{C}_1\otimes\mathcal{C}_2}$$.
Simultaneous optimization of control parameters and configurations of PZT actuators for morphing structural shapes
Authors: Shutian Liu, Liyong Tong, Zheqi Lin
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2008)

This paper presents an investigation into simultaneous optimization of PZT-based actuators by simultaneously optimizing two sets of design variables, i.e., controlling and geometrical parameters for morphing plate structural shapes. The objective function is chosen as square of error between the actuated and desired shapes. In the optimization process, the controlling parameters are optimized using the linear least square method that is embedded into the optimization algorithm for geometric parameter design variables. The presented two-level algorithms are validated by illustrative examples. Numerical results show that simultaneous optimization of both controlling and geometrical parameters can lead to optimum actuator design that consumes less electrical energy and uses less smart materials.
Ultralarge Systems: Redefining Software Engineering?
Authors: Greg Goth
Venue: IEEE Software (2008)

Ultra-Large-Scale Systems: The Software Challenge of the Future, a report produced by Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute, just might be a watershed blueprint for the next generation of top-level software design. Although it's written with a distinct slant toward the US military's future requirements, its description of how the fundamental principles of software design will change in a global economy—defined by ubiquitous computing—are finding wide appeal.
Evaluating a middleware for crossmedia games
Authors: Fernando Trinta, Davi Pedrosa, Carlos Ferraz, Geber Ramalho
Venue: Computers in Entertainment (CIE) (2008)

Crossmedia games are a genre of pervasive gaming where a single game instance can be played with a variety of heterogeneous devices that support different forms of players' participation and deliver different game experiences. In this article we present the PM2G initiative, a service-oriented architecture aiming to support crossmedia game development and execution. Due to their relevance in this document, content adaptation and interaction adaptation services are discussed in detail. We also present, as a case study, a game called Pervasive Wizards, which is used to validate our architecture. Finally, we present some performance results obtained in our experiments.
Stability and Chaos of a Class of Learning Algorithms for ICA Neural Networks
Authors: Jian Cheng Lv, Kok Kiong Tan, Zhang Yi, Sunan Huang
Venue: Neural Processing Letters (2008)

Independent component analysis (ICA) neural networks can estimate independent components from the mixed signal. The dynamical behavior of the learning algorithms for ICA neural networks is crucial to effectively apply these networks to practical applications. The paper presents the stability and chaotic dynamical behavior of a class of ICA learning algorithms with constant learning rates. Some invariant sets are obtained so that the non-divergence of these algorithms can be guaranteed. In these invariant sets, the stability and chaotic behaviors are analyzed. The conditions for stability and chaos are derived. Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams are presented to illustrate the existence of chaotic behavior.
Analytical modelling of communication in the rectangular mesh NoC
Authors: M Moadeli, A Shahrabi, W Vanderbauwhede
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 02 (2007)

Networks on chip (NoC) emerged as a packets switched, structured communication medium for development of the future systems on chip (SoC). Due to its unique features in terms of scalability and ease of synthesis, the (rectangular) mesh topology is regarded as an appropriate candidate for on-chip network development. This paper presents an analytical model of the average message latency for rectangular mesh topology. The validity of the analysis is verified by comparing the model against the results produced by a discrete-event simulator.
Mitigating Performance Degradation in Congested Sensor Networks
Authors: Raju Kumar, Riccardo Crepaldi, Hosam Rowaihy, Albert F. Harris III, Guohong Cao, Michele Zorzi, Thomas F. La Porta
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2008)

Data generated in wireless sensor networks may not all be alike; some data may be more important than others and hence may have different delivery requirements. In this paper we address differentiated data delivery in the presence of congestion in wireless sensor networks. We propose a class of algorithms that enforce differentiated routing based on the congested areas of a network and data priority. The basic protocol, called Congestion Aware Routing (CAR), discovers the congested zone of the network that exists between high priority data sources and the data sink, and using simple forwarding rules dedicates this portion of the network to forwarding primarily high priority traffic. Since CAR requires some overhead for establishing the high priority routing zone, it is unsuitable for highly mobile data sources. To accommodate these we define MAC-enhanced Congestion Aware Routing (MCAR), which includes MAC-layer enhancements and a protocol for forming high priority paths on the fly for each burst of data. MCAR effectively handles mobility of high priority data sources at the expense of degrading the performance of low priority traffic. We present extensive simulation results for CAR and MCAR, and an implementation of MCAR on a 48 node testbed.
Usability in emerging e-content environments
Authors: Gary Coker
Venue: Information Services and Use (2007)

This article examines usability implications of emerging e-content environments, which are characterized by integrated support for multiple publication types, including e-journals, e-books and e-reference works. The article begins by examining the many ways in which the emerging environments for accessing scholarly information are evolving from the traditional environment. User behavior in e-content environments is examined, creating a clearer picture of the end user's experience. Finally, recommendations are made for improving the e-content user experience to better match user needs and behaviors, including enhancing content discovery, findability, and content consumption, supporting monitoring behavior, and promoting return traffic.