ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The collaborative construction of "fact" on Wikipedia
Authors: Jason Swarts
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on Design of communication (2009)

For years Wikipedia has come to symbolize the potential of Web 2.0 for harnessing the power of mass collaboration and collective intelligence. As wikis continue to develop and move into streams of cultural, social, academic, and enterprise work activity, it is appropriate to consider how collective intelligence emerges from mass collaboration. Collective intelligence can take many forms - this paper examines one, the emergence of stable facts on Wikipedia. More specifically, this paper examines ways of participating that lead to the creation of facts. This research will show how we can be more effective consumers, producers, and managers of wiki information by understanding how collaboration shapes facts.
Low-power and high-performance techniques in global interconnect signaling
Authors: Mohammad Moghaddam Tabrizi, Nasser Masoumi
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

In this article, two accurate and efficient approaches are proposed to optimize the power and delay of global interconnects in VLSI ICs. We modify the conventional buffer insertion and low swing methods for delay and power optimization of various lengths of the global interconnects. As such, we address non-equidistance buffer insertion (NEBI) and current-mode driver and receiver (CMDR) techniques along with our smart optimization procedure. It is shown that the optimized low swing CMDR technique is efficient for global interconnects of the length equal or longer than 5mm, and the improved buffer insertion technique, NEBI, is a perfect choice for the short global interconnects. Additionally, a random search algorithm known as simulated annealing (SA), improved by an intelligent method using a piecewise linear and exponential cost function, is employed for optimization of the power and delay. To this end, we have implemented a smart CAD tool that works interactively with HSPICE to achieve accurate and reliable design results. For verification purposes, several circuits are designed and simulated in 0.25, 0.18, and 0.13@mm CMOS technologies. The simulation results verify a significant reduction in the power and delay of global interconnects compared to other methods in the literature.
Integrating multi-level linguistic knowledge with a unified framework for Mandarin speech recognition
Authors: Xinhao Wang, Jiazhong Nie, Dingsheng Luo, Xihong Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2008)

To improve the Mandarin large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR), a unified framework based approach is introduced to exploit multi-level linguistic knowledge. In this framework, each knowledge source is represented by a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST), and then they are combined to obtain a so-called analyzer for integrating multi-level knowledge sources. Due to the uniform transducer representation, any knowledge source can be easily integrated into the analyzer, as long as it can be encoded into WFSTs. Moreover, as the knowledge in each level is modeled independently and the combination is processed in the model level, the information inherently in each knowledge source has a chance to be thoroughly exploited. By simulations, the effectiveness of the analyzer is investigated, and then a LVCSR system embedding the presented analyzer is evaluated. Experimental results reveal that this unified framework is an effective approach which significantly improves the performance of speech recognition with a 9.9% relative reduction of character error rate on the HUB-4 test set, a widely used Mandarin speech recognition task.
Dual-Surface input: augmenting one-handed interaction with coordinated front and behind-the-screen input
Authors: Xing-Dong Yang, Edward Mak, Pourang Irani, Walter F. Bischof
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (2009)

Interaction patterns with handheld mobile devices are constantly evolving. Researchers observed that users prefer to interact with mobile device using one hand. However, only few interaction techniques support this mode of operation. We show that one-handed operations can be enhanced with coordinated interaction using for input the front and back of a mobile device, which we term as Dual-Surface interaction. We present some of the design rationale for introducing coordinated Dual-Surface interactions. We demonstrate that several tasks, including target selection, benefit from Dual-Surface input which allows users to rapidly select small targets in locations that are less accessible when interacting using the thumb with one-handed input. Furthermore, we demonstrate the benefits of virtual enhancements that are possible with behind-the-display relative input to perform complex tasks, such as steering. Our results show that Dual-Surface interactions offer numerous benefits that are not available with input on the front or the back alone.
Optimizing Automotive Cyber-Physical System Specifications with Multi-Event Dependencies
Authors: Stefan Andrei, Albert Mo Kim Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2008)

Cyber-physical systems are changing the way we interact with the physical world. The correctness of many systems and devices in our modern society depends not only on the effects or results they produce but also on the time at which these results are produced. Given the behavioral specification of a system (denoted by SP) and a safety assertion (denoted by SA) to be analyzed, the goal is to relate a given safety assertion with the system specification. Deriving optimal theorems (SP → SA) will allow the system designer to determine how far the performance of the processing platform can drift from the norm without violating the SA. This paper deals with this clear fundamental issue in the design and implementation of highly dependable real-time/embedded systems.
Intelligent Active Directory Integration: A Visual Programming Approach
Authors: Markus Korbel
Venue:  (2009)

The fundamental proposition of this thesis is that (a) existing Active Directory APIs are restrictive, that (b) a better programming approach to the integration of Active Directory exists and that (c) visual programming paradigms can be effectively applied to achieve the goal of on-time software delivery. Allowing the user to program using domain-specific visual languages creates an intuitive interface and, in addition, generates an underlying framework to perform validation with security checks on the visual elements. Such a framework stimulates rapid application development. Since the visually designed diagrams cannot be executed, code-generation is necessary. Supplementary security analyses were performed to ensure that no security vulnerabilities would be "generated" in the source-code. Generated code based on visual designs, is finally compiled into a Dynamic Link Library that can be included in existing or new applications, enabling them to use the generated Active Directory methods. This additional layer of abstraction allows the application's designer to focus on user interfacing and related tasks rather than Active Directory programming. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Scientific Workflows: Business as Usual?
Authors: Bertram Ludäscher, Mathias Weske, Timothy Mcphillips, Shawn Bowers
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business Process Management (2009)

Business workflow management and business process modeling are mature research areas, whose roots go far back to the early days of office automation systems. Scientific workflow management, on the other hand, is a much more recent phenomenon, triggered by (i) a shift towards data-intensive and computational methods in the natural sciences, and (ii) the resulting need for tools that can simplify and automate recurring computational tasks. In this paper, we provide an introduction and overview of scientific workflows, highlighting features and important concepts commonly found in scientific workflow applications. We illustrate these using simple workflow examples from a bioinformatics domain. We then discuss similarities and, more importantly, differences between scientific workflows and business workflows. While some concepts and solutions developed in one domain may be readily applicable to the other, there remain sufficiently many differences that warrant a new research effort at the intersection of scientific and business workflows. We close by proposing a number of research opportunities for cross-fertilization between the scientific workflow and business workflow communities.
TBL-improved non-deterministic segmentation and POS tagging for a Chinese parser
Authors: Martin Forst, Ji Fang
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

Although a lot of progress has been made recently in word segmentation and POS tagging for Chinese, the output of current state-of-the-art systems is too inaccurate to allow for syntactic analysis based on it. We present an experiment in improving the output of an off-the-shelf module that performs segmentation and tagging, the tokenizer-tagger from Beijing University (PKU). Our approach is based on transformation-based learning (TBL). Unlike in other TBL-based approaches to the problem, however, both obligatory and optional transformation rules are learned, so that the final system can output multiple segmentation and POS tagging analyses for a given input. By allowing for a small amount of ambiguity in the output of the tokenizer-tagger, we achieve a very considerable improvement in accuracy. Compared to the PKU tokenizer-tagger, we improve segmentation F-score from 94.18% to 96.74%, tagged word F-score from 84.63% to 92.44%, segmented sentence accuracy from 47.15% to 65.06% and tagged sentence accuracy from 14.07% to 31.47%.
Border Detection and Cancer Propagation on Spectral Bands of Malignant Melanoma Using Six Sigma Threshold
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sethumadhavan, Srinivasan Sankaran
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Eigth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (2009)

This paper presents a method for detecting the border and identifying the incidence and propagation of cancer by analyzing the variations of the RGB spectrum of lesion skin images using novel Six Sigma threshold and region connectivity concepts. Identification of micro level color variations further contemplates on the cancer growth based on the underlying principles of Shewhart’s Control Charts, which focus on the fact that the variability does exist in all repetitive processes.The heterogeneous color variation within the skin is considered as an assignable cause and is due to the secretion of excess melanin.These variations possess greater magnitude as compared to the chance causes due to the color variations found in normal skins.The power of control chart that lies in its ability to separate out this assignable cause, which is one of inherent mnemonics of Malignant Melanoma, is exhibited.The proposed technique identifies the normal skin region from the regions of lesions, the incidence and propagation of cancer; besides detecting its fuzzy border.Results show that the method produces robust border detection and the micro level cancer propagation found in the affected region.
Improved Image Thresholding Based on 2-D Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Xinming Zhang, Huiyun Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 01 (2009)

The 2-D maximum Tsallis entropy (2DMTE) method not only considers the distribution of the gray information and the spatial neighbor information with using the 2-D histogram of the image, as a global threshold method, but also it often gets better segmentation results and flexibility owing to a parameter than other 2-D entropy methods. However, its performance is sensitive to its parameter. How to choose the parameter is often an obstacle in real time application systems. In this paper, improved image segmentation based on two-dimensional Tsallis entropy is presented. Firstly, the parameter of Tsallis entropy’s method is changed into two parameters, then, the middle value of the image probability distribution is obtained, finally, according to it, the parameters are selected adaptively. Experimental results show the proposed approach can get much better segmentation result than the previous 2-D thresholding methods.
Application of Neural Network Technique for Facies-Controlled Modeling in Block Fa2 of Shanian Oilfield
Authors: Aixue Song, Jinliang Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia-Pacific Conference on Information Processing - Volume 01 (2009)

Artificial neural network technique has been widely used in the reservoir characterization at present time. With the advantage of nonlinear computing and self-error correction, it can assist petroleum engineers in solving some complex reservoir engineering problems, such as formation porosity prediction from geophysical well logs with accuracy comparable to actual core analysis and interpretation. Based on the classification analysis for the sedimentary microfacies and the estimation for the petrophysical property by using the BP neural network, combining with the thought of facies-controlled modeling, this paper presents a reasonable and valuable method to establish the 3D reservoir model, which could provide significant geological and geophysical basis for the further research of improving recovery ratio and the potential of residual oil. The result of the research indicates that the method is quite effective and gets satisfying prediction precision for the petrophysical property in reservoir modeling.
Using Activity Descriptions to Generate User Interfaces for ERP Software
Authors: Timothy O'Hear, Yassin Boudjenane
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part IV: Interacting in Various Application Domains (2009)

Delivering tailor-made ERP software requires automation of screen and printed report creation to be cost effective. Screens generated directly from data structures tend to have poor usability. An approach is considered using a domain specific language to describe use cases. Paper-prototyping and usability testing results define the usability characteristics the DSL portrays. The DSL is capable of defining a variety of screen types and user interface elements including forms, lists, pivot tables, Gantt charts, calendars and graphs. This approach is currently used in production to generate an interactive "AJAX" web user interface as well as HTML, PDF and Excel reports from descriptions stored in XML files. We believe that further research could extend our results to include non-ERP type software.
Learning in social networks and Web 2.0 in SMEs' continuing vocational education
Authors: Ileana Hamburg, Timothy Hall
Venue: International Journal of Web Based Communities (2009)

The training strategy of many companies, particularly of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), fails to support lifelong learners, nor are they supported by education systems, particularly vocational ones. E-learning 2.0, utilising Web 2.0 applications and techniques, which is proving more and more useful in many academic contexts, could also enhance knowledge sharing, cultural interchange and networking in SMEs. However, there is little evidence of continuous learning, of the application of (formal) e-learning, or of the use of computers by individuals in (informal) learning in most SMEs. Learning and work activities are separate. In this paper we first summarise the current vocational training scene in SMEs, then outline the features of Web 2.0 that could improve this situation. Thirdly, we show the advantages of the development of Communities of Practice (CoPs) as social networks and, finally, offer an example of a project where SMEs could learn from academics how to use Web 2.0.
Design and Development of an Intelligent Extension for Mapping Landslide Susceptibility Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mohammad H. Vahidnia, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, Abbas Alimohammadi, Farhad Hosseinali
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part I (2009)

Amongst the indirect and quantitative methods which have been propounded for assessing landslide susceptibility, artificial neural network and especially multilayer perceptron dominated research activities. It is due to its high power in solving nonlinear separable problems and the capability of generalization. This study deals with designing a model for systematic usage of multilayer perceptron network to solve existing challenges on choosing input patterns and target outputs of spatial data. This model accompanies with a modified Backpropagation (BP) as a learning algorithm. The designed model was applied to create an extension in ArcGIS® in order to reach an intelligent decision-making tool. The Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) was then generated for an expanded landscape in Mazandaran, Iran, using the extension while the landslide's data and criteria maps were produced in small-scale. Statistical results of landslides which were happened in different domains of susceptibility showed the overall accuracy equivalent to 98.2% in hazard approximating.
STARP: a novel routing protocol for multi-hop dynamic spectrum access networks
Authors: Jian Chen, Hewu Li, Jianping Wu, Rui Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Mobile internet through cellular networks (2009)

The technology of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) can utilize unused licensed bands not being used by licensed users to improve the capacity and throughput of multi-hop wireless networks working on the ISM bands. However, DSA also brings us a new challenge: how to network the radios in multi-hop DSA networks to improve network performance, such as throughput and end-to-end delay? To address this issue, we propose a STability-Aware Routing Protocol (STARP) for multi-hop DSA networks. STARP can find the most stable path among multi paths to the destination for upper layer protocol. STARP evaluates path stability by utilizing a novel routing metric, which takes into account spectrum switching frequency, spectrum usage, and path length together. Simulation results of NS-2 show STARP is efficient and robust. In addition, STARP can achieve good improvement of TCP performance and shorten end-to-end packet delay significantly.
Conceptual Universal Database Language: Moving Up the Database Design Levels
Authors: Nikitas N. Karanikolas, Michael Gr. Vassilakopoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th East European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (2009)

Today, the simplicity of the relational model types affects Information Systems design. We favor another approach where the Information System designers would be able to portray directly the real world in a database model that provides more powerful and composite data types, as those of the real world. However, more powerful models, like the Frame Database Model (FDB) model, need query and manipulation languages that can handle the features of the new composite data types. We demonstrate that the adoption of such a language, the Conceptual Universal Database Language (CUDL), leads to higher database design levels: a database modeled by Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams can be first transformed to the CUDL Abstraction Level (CAL), which can be then transformed to the FDB model. Since, the latter transformation has been previously studied, to complete the design process, we present a set of rules for the transformation from ER diagrams to CAL.
A magic approach to optimizing incremental relational expressions
Authors: Andreas Behrend
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium (2009)

This paper is concerned with a transformation-based approach to update propagation in an extended version of Codd's relational algebra which allows for defining derived relations (even recursively). It is shown that the desired optimization effects of update propagation may be lost if no generalized selection pushing strategy is employed to the transformed algebra expressions. A possible solution is the application of the Magic Sets rewriting but this may lead to unstratifiability of the incremental expressions. For the efficient evaluation of Magic Sets transformed algebra expressions we propose to use the soft stratification approach because of the simplicity and efficiency of this technique.
Automated termination proofs for logic programs by term rewriting
Authors: Peter Schneider-Kamp, Jürgen Giesl, Alexander Serebrenik, René Thiemann
Venue: ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL) (2009)

There are two kinds of approaches for termination analysis of logic programs: &ldquo;transformational&rdquo; and &ldquo;direct&rdquo; ones. Direct approaches prove termination directly on the basis of the logic program. Transformational approaches transform a logic program into a Term Rewrite System (TRS) and then analyze termination of the resulting TRS instead. Thus, transformational approaches make all methods previously developed for TRSs available for logic programs as well. However, the applicability of most existing transformations is quite restricted, as they can only be used for certain subclasses of logic programs. (Most of them are restricted to well-moded programs.) In this article we improve these transformations such that they become applicable for any definite logic program. To simulate the behavior of logic programs by TRSs, we slightly modify the notion of rewriting by permitting infinite terms. We show that our transformation results in TRSs which are indeed suitable for automated termination analysis. In contrast to most other methods for termination of logic programs, our technique is also sound for logic programming without occur check, which is typically used in practice. We implemented our approach in the termination prover AProVE and successfully evaluated it on a large collection of examples.
Mini-buckets: a general scheme for generating approximations in automated reasoning
Authors: Rina Dechter
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2 (1997)

The class of algorithms for approximating reasoning tasks presented in this paper is based on approximating the general bucket elimination framework. The algorithms have adjustable levels of accuracy and efficiency, and they can be applied uniformly across many areas and problem tasks. We introduce these algorithms in the context of combinatorial optimization and probabilistic inference.