ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural Development and Evaluation: A model for becoming aware of implicit assumptions
Authors: P. Clint Rogers, David D. Williams
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Technology for Education in Developing Countries (2006)

One of the fundamental challenges that each researcher or educator faces is dealing with hidden assumptions they hold. These assumptions place constraints on their perception and expectations (e.g. potentially limiting the kinds of questions they ask), and often put them at a disadvantage when working in foreign contexts. These implicit assumptions deeply influence how they perceive things and how they work. We assert that in our academic and professional discourse, we need to be more aware of and explicit about these assumptions and the ways in which they influence how we see and what we do. In this paper, we provide a basis for this argument and an example of a model that facilitates activity which helps to foster an increased awareness of the hidden assumptions we bring into cross-cultural development and evaluation efforts.
Restriction, Modification and Extension of Consumer Devices for Prototyping Ubiquitous Computing Environments
Authors: Matthias Kranz, Albrecht Schmidt
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International ConferenceWorkshops on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

In this paper, we report on several work-in-progress projects of our research group and other systems that exploit commercially available off-the-shelf components for deriving research prototypes and systems in the field of ubiquitous computing. We discuss the benefits of restricting, modifying and extending the built-in functionality of these systems to ease the development process. Using the approach presented reduces the amount of low level knowledge, of e.g. electrical engineering, to achieve the actual goal of building new appliances and ubiquitous computing systems. The approach presented empowers researchers from many domains to build prototypes that can be experienced by users. We present an example of an extended commercial product, the Nokia 770 tablet PC.
Refactoring with Contracts
Authors: Maayan Goldstein, Yishai A. Feldman, Shmuel Tyszberowicz
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Design by contract is a practical methodology for developing code together with its specification. The contract consists of class invariants and method preand postconditions. As the code is refactored, specifications of internal units change with the code. There are mutual influences between the code and the contract. The assertions that constitute the contract are Java expressions; refactorings such as Rename Method must change these assertions as well as the code. The contract has methodological implications, which serve as preconditions on some refactorings; these must be checked before performing those refactorings. In addition, some contract modifications follow from certain refactorings, and can be done automatically. Development environments that support design by contract must take these influences into account. We report on the implementation in Eclipse of several refactorings that involve both code and contract. These show how contracts are modified in response to code changes, how contracts prevent certain changes, and how new contracts are computed for newly-generated methods and classes.
Design and Implementation of an MHP Video and Graphics Subsystem on Xilinx ML310 Platform
Authors: Min-Hong Chen, Feng-Cheng Chang, Hsueh-Ming Hang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) is a standard to enable versatile applications of a DVB program. In this paper, we design and implement a simplified MHP video and graphics subsystem. The Xilinx ML310 is chosen as the hardware platform to implement our design. The execution environment consists of an embedded Linux, a frame-buffer based X server, and a Java ME Personal Basis Profile (J2ME PBP) run-time. To implement the MHP video functionality, we incorporate the FFmpeg libraries and the JavaTV JMF Lite to provide the demultiplexing and rendering operations of an MPEG-2 video. In addition, our major efforts are put on the video and graphics integration. The J2ME PBP reference software is heavily modified to optimally compose the video objects and the AWT graphics components in an MHP-compliant way. The application examples show that our proposed system is able to provide the AWT graphics and the JMF video presentation services, including normal presentation, arbitrary clipping, scaling and positioning of an MPEG-2 video.
Value creation in dynamic customer- centric networks
Authors: Garyfallos Fragidis, Konstantinos Tarabanis, Adamantios Koumpis
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

Information technology increased the opportunities of business firms to create value. The complexity, the fragmented nature and the disorder of electronic markets, in concert with the need of customers to use compound products and services in order to achieve their expected outcomes, require the development of an effective integrating mechanism. This article presents the 'value integration model' as a mechanism for the configuration of compound offerings, the integration of disparate value chains and the coordination of business activities in electronic markets. The value integration model allows customers to configure networks of suppliers, intermediaries and other organizations, including public service agencies, that dynamically collaborate to produce offerings that bring significant outcomes to customers. The article presents technological aspects of the model and evaluates the potential of web services technologies to provide the technological infrastructure. The use of the model in the tourism sector is exhibited and discussed.
ERPs Reflect Lexical Identification in Word Fragment Priming
Authors: Claudia K. Friedrich, Sonja A. Kotz, Angela D. Friederici, Thomas C. Gunter
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Behavioral evidence suggests that spoken word recognition involves the temporary activation of multiple entries in a listener's mental lexicon. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in cross-modal word fragment priming (CMWP). In CMWP, an auditory word fragment (prime) is immediately followed by a visual word or pseudoword (target). Experiment 1 investigated ERPs for targets presented in this paradigm. Half of the targets were congruent with the prime (e.g., in the prime&ndash; target pair: AM &ndash; AMBOSS &lsqb;anvil&rsqb;), half were not (e.g., AM &ndash; PENSUM &lsqb;pensum&rsqb;). Lexical entries of the congruent targets should receive activation from the prime. Thus, lexical identification of these targets should be facilitated. An ERP effect named P350, two frontal negative ERP deflections, and the N400 were sensitive to prime&ndash;target congruency. In Experiment 2, the relation of the formerly observed ERP effects to processes in a modality-independent mental lexicon was investigated by presenting primes visually. Only the P350 effect could be replicated across different fragment lengths. Therefore, the P350 is discussed as a correlate of lexical identification in a modality-independent mental lexicon.
Towards Technology for Learning in a Developing World
Authors: Meurig Beynon
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Technology for Education in Developing Countries (2006)

This paper addresses a significant concern in relation to educational technology to support developing countries: the impact of the developed world's notion of development upon its notion of learning. It argues that the very factors that lead us to regard a country as developed conspire to marginalize certain characteristic features of authentic learning, and naturally promote a more limited and circumscribed concept of learning ("closed learning"). Information and communications technology - when cast in its traditional role - is itself viewed as a major indicator of development, and at the same time contributes to the promotion of closed learning. To privilege closed learning is to attribute a significance to 'understanding backwards' that is deprecated by William James in his philosophic attitude of Radical Empiricism. Empirical Modelling is briefly reviewed as an alternative conception of technology for developing worlds that also enables 'understanding forwards'.
Resource allocation and planning for program management
Authors: Kabeh Vaziri, Linda K. Nozick, Mark A. Turnquist
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Much of the project scheduling literature treats task durations as deterministic. In reality, however, task durations are subject to considerable uncertainty and that uncertainty can be influenced by the resources assigned. The purpose of this paper is to provide the means for program managers (who may have responsibility for multiple projects) to optimally allocate resources from common resource pools to individual tasks on several competing projects. Instead of the traditional use of schedules, we develop control policies in the form of planned resource allocation to tasks that capture the uncertainty associated with task durations and the impact of resource allocation on those durations. We develop a solution procedure for the model and illustrate the ideas in an example.
A New Scan Design Technique Based on Pre-Synthesis Thru Functions
Authors: Chia Yee Ooi, Hideo Fujiwara
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Asian Test Symposium (2006)

VLSI design has moved from bottom-up design approach to top-down design methodology with the aid of advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) technology. This paper introduces a new scan design technique as a design-for-test (DFT) method for sequential circuits by exploiting the information of thru functions available at high-level description of the circuit. This DFT method reduces the number of flip-flops to be converted into scan flip-flops because some existing thru functions allow the flip-flops to be controllable from primary inputs or observable at primary outputs or both. Moreover, the DFT method can be applied to both structural RT-level circuits and gate-level circuits. The paper also presents a test generation procedure for the augmented sequential circuits using a combinational ATPG tool. The experimental results show the comparison of our DFT method with conventional scan techniques in terms of hardware overhead, test generation time, fault coverage, fault efficiency and test application time.
Desert Island Books
Authors: Eugene Spafford
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Eugene Spafford discusses the books that have been most influential in shaping his attitudes about security and privacy.
Dichoptic Visual Masking Reveals that Early Binocular Neurons Exhibit Weak Interocular Suppression: Implications for Binocular Vision and Visual Awareness
Authors: Stephen L. Macknik
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Visual masking effects are illusions in which a target is rendered invisible by a mask, which can either overlap or not overlap the target spatially and/or temporally. These illusions provide a powerful tool to study visibility and consciousness, object grouping, brightness perception, and much more. As such, the physiological mechanisms underlying the perception of masking are critically important to our understanding of visibility. Several models that require cortical circuits have been proposed previously to explain the mysterious spatial and timing effects associated with visual masking. Here we describe single-unit physiological experiments from the awake monkey that show that visual masking occurs in at least two separate and independent circuits, one that is binocular and one that is monocular (possibly even subcortical), without feedback from higher-level visual brain areas. These and other results together fail to support models of masking that require circuits found only in the cortex, but support our proposed model that suggests that simple ubiquitous lateral inhibition may itself be the fundamental mechanism that explains visual masking across multiple levels in the brain. We also show that area V1 neurons are dichoptic in terms of excitation, but monoptic in terms of inhibition. That is, responses within area V1 binocular neurons reveal that excitation to monocular targets is inhibited strongly only by masks presented to the same eye, and not by masks presented to the opposite eye. These results lead us to redefine the model for the first stage of binocular processing in the visual system, and may be crucial to interpreting the effects of other similar binocular and dichoptic stimulation paradigms, such as the binocular rivalry family of illusions.
Optimized Sequential Pattern Mining from Point Of Sales Data
Authors: Kazumitsu Yagi, Mai Soramoto, Miho Mokuda, Yasuhiko Morimoto
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (2005)

We consider an optimization problem of sequential pattern mining. We present space efficient algorithms for computing optimized sequential pattern that maximize transitive confidence from a cause event to an effect event. Those can compute optimized sequential patterns for all cause-effect pairs of sales fluctuation events in large POS data.
Enhanced Privacy in Key-Exchange Protocols by One-time ID
Authors: Kenji Imamoto, Kouichi Sakurai
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Security, Privacy and Trust in Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (2006)

This paper considers how two parties communicate securely over an adversary-controlled network. We especially focus on the problem of ID protection because of the recently rapid development of mobile network where any transferred message is easily eavesdropped on. We analyze several existing key exchange protocols and point out their problems: e.g. incompleteness of ID protection and vulnerability to DoS attacks. Then we model the notion of ID protection and construct a protocol with provable security. Key-words: Key-exchange protocol, SK-security, ID protection, One-time ID, DoS attacks.
Delay-Sensitive Packet Scheduling for a Wireless Access Link
Authors: Young-June Choi, Saewoong Bahk
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2006)

As the delay is a critical QoS factor, packet scheduling over a wireless access link that often becomes congested needs to have the objective of meeting each user's delay requirement. To incorporate the delay into the scheduler design, we consider the objective of maximizing the total utility (U_T). However, since a utility-based scheduler that concerns delay requires high complexity, we introduce the concept of marginal utility. Representing the objective as minimizing the total marginal utility (M_T), we develop some related properties for maximizing U_T and minimizing M_T. For the case with fixed service time, we show that the outcome of M_T minimization becomes equivalent to that of U_T maximization. For the more complicated case of varying service time, the M_T minimization sheds light on the design of a simple scheduler. Overall, the marginal utility requires significantly low complexity for packet scheduling compared to the ordinary utility. Through simulations, we confirm that the marginal utility gives a way of flexible scheduling in meeting various delay requirements.
Trend Analysis for Large Document Streams
Authors: Chengliang Zhang, Shenghuo Zhu, Yihong Gong
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (2006)

More and more powerful computer technology inspires people to investigate information hidden under huge amounts of documents. In this report, we are especially interested in documents with relative time order, which we also call document streams. Examples include TV news, forums, emails of company projects, call center telephone logs, etc. To get an insight into these document streams, first we need to detect the events among the document streams. We use a time-sensitive Dirichlet process mixture model to find the events in the document streams. A time sensitive Dirichlet process mixture model is a generative model, which allows a potentially infinite number of mixture components and uses a Dirichlet compound multinomial model to model the distribution of words in documents. In this report, we consider three different time sensitive Dirichlet process mixture models: an exponential decay kernel model, a polynomial decay function kernel Dirichlet process model and a sliding window kernel model. Experiments on the TDT2 dataset have shown that the time sensitive models performs 18-20% better in terms of accuracy than the Dirichlet process mixture model. The sliding windows kernel and the polynomial kernel is more promising in detecting events. We use ThemeRiver to provide a visualization of the events along the time axis. With the help of ThemeRiver, people can easily get an overall picture of how different events evolve. Besides Themeriver, we investigate using top words as a high-level summarization of each event. Experiment results on TDT2 dataset suggests that the sliding window kernel is a better choice both in terms of capturing the trend of the events and expressibility.
Adapting SME Learning Environments for Adaptivity
Authors: Alexandra Cristea, Angelo Wentzler, Egbert Heuvelman, Paul De Bra
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

There is a genuine demand for personalization and guidance in learning systems, as well as in general commercial learning systems for the WWW, and further, for the new, emerging Semantic Web. Some isolated attempts towards adaptation are being made without fully responding to this demand. However, systematic frameworks for adaptive content and behavior description are already available in the research on Adaptive Hypermedia (AH). Here we present a novel application of an Adaptive Hypermedia Authoring framework and its principles towards extending an existing SME authoring environment for e-learning, as well as some initial evaluation results.
This is fun! we're all best friends and we're all playing: supporting children's synchronous collaboration
Authors: Kori M. Inkpen, Wai-ling Ho-Ching, Oliver Kuederle, Stacey D. Scott, Garth B. D. Shoemaker
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

As computers become integrated in our everyday lives, it is important that we do not limit computer-based collaboration to distributed settings. As the demand for collaborative applications grows, it is imperative that we investigate how to effectively support co-located collaboration and fully understand the consequences of this style of interaction. This paper presents preliminary results from a research study which examined pairs of elementary school children playing a puzzle solving game in various collaborative setups. Children's activity and engagement levels when playing on a computer with multiple input devices was compared to other traditional collaborative settings (paper-based, common desktop configuration). Preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed three main benefits of providing each child with access to a mouse and a cursor: (a) children exhibited a significantly higher level of engagement; (b) children tended to be more active; and (c) children significantly preferred playing on a computer equipped with multiple input devices and cursors.
The CADE-20 automated theorem proving competition
Authors: Geoff Sutcliffe
Venue: AI Communications (2006)

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic, first order Automated Theorem Proving systems. CASC-20 was the tenth competition in the CASC series. Seventeen ATP systems and system variants competed in the various competition and demonstration divisions. An outline of the competition design, and a commentated summary of the results, are presented.
Efficient 3D object simplification and fragmented texture scaling for online visualization
Authors: I. Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

Visualization of 3D images is becoming more commonplace for a variety of applications including online games and e-commerce. For efficient online visualization of 3D objects it is necessary to quickly adapt 3D models (including the wireframe and texture) to the available computational or network resources. In this paper we propose enhancements to 3D model simplification based on simplification envelopes (ESE) and curvature variations (CPD) on the surface of an object. We compare the two approaches and demonstrate that the CPD method is much faster than ESE while producing comparable results. A technique for texture simplification driven by model simplification is also proposed. Experimental results comparing the simplified models and the computational time demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Critical Personality Traits in Successful Pair Programming
Authors: Joseph Chao, Gulgunes Atli
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Pair Programming (PP) is a common practice in Extreme programming, in which two programmers work together using a single computer. The close interaction required by PP makes it difficult to apply. The hypothesis is that certain personality traits are crucial for the success of PP, and PP partners should be chosen based on these personality traits. In this research, we first survey the programmers in industry to identify the perceived important personality traits for PP, and then conduct experiments to determine the significance of these personality traits in successful PP.
A two-phase escape analysis for parallel java programs
Authors: Kyungwoo Lee, Samuel P. Midkiff
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques (2006)

Thread escape analysis conservatively determines which objects may be accessed in more than one thread. Thread escape analysis is useful for a variety of purposes—finding races in multi-threaded programs, removing useless synchronization, allocating data to thread-local heaps, and compiling to target more strict consistency models. Thread escape analyses are often interprocedural, and interprocedural analyses are generally either too slow to perform at runtime in dynamic systems, or trade-off significant amounts of precision for speed. This paper describes a two-phase offline/online interprocedural and inter thread escape analysis that is faster and more accurate, on average, than previously published analyses. By performing an offline pre-analysis followed by a dynamic online analysis that integrates offline results with dynamic information, significant improvements in performance and accuracy are achieved. For compiling Java programs under a sequentially consistent memory model, our approach enables application executions that are, on average, 1.5 times faster than those using the previous fastest online algorithm, with only 80% of the online compilation time.
The Gautschi time stepping scheme for edge finite element discretizations of the Maxwell equations
Authors: M. A. Botchev, D. Harutyunyan, J. J. W. van der Vegt
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2006)

For the time integration of edge finite element discretizations of the three-dimensional Maxwell equations, we consider the Gautschi cosine scheme where the action of the matrix function is approximated by a Krylov subspace method. First, for the space-discretized edge finite element Maxwell equations, the dispersion error of this scheme is analyzed in detail and compared to that of two conventional schemes. Second, we show that the scheme can be implemented in such a way that a higher accuracy can be achieved within less computational time (as compared to other implicit schemes). We also analyzed the error made in the Krylov subspace matrix function evaluations. Although the new scheme is unconditionally stable, it is explicit in structure: as an explicit scheme, it requires only the solution of linear systems with the mass matrix.