ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Contour-Based Moving Object Detection and Tracking
Authors: M. Yokoyama, T. Poggio
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (2005)

We propose a fast and robust approach to the detection and tracking of moving objects. Our method is based on using lines computed by a gradient-based optical flow and an edge detector. While it is known among researchers that gradient-based optical flow and edges are well matched for accurate computation of velocity, not much attention is paid to creating systems for detecting and tracking objects using this feature. In our method, extracted edges by using optical flow and the edge detector are restored as lines, and background lines of the previous frame are subtracted. Contours of objects are obtained by using snakes to clustered lines. Detected objects are tracked, and each tracked object has a state for handling occlusion and interference. The experimental results on outdoor-scenes show fast and robust performance of our method. The computation time of our method is 0.089 s/frame on a 900 MHz processor.
Thermal Faults Modeling Using a RC Model with an Application to Web Farms
Authors: Alexandre P. Ferreira, Daniel Mosse, Jae C. Oh
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (2007)

Today's CPUs consume a significant amount of power and generate a high amount of heat, requiring an active cooling system to support reliable operations. In case of cooling system failures, these CPUs can reduce clock speed to prevent damage due to overheating. Unfortunately, when these CPUs are used in a real-time system, a clock control based on frequency-throttling can cause missed deadlines. In this paper, we first develop and validate a system-wide thermal model that can account for various thermal fault types such as failure of a CPU fan, faults in the case fan and air-conditioning malfunctions. Then we validate the thermal model through experimentation and measurements in AMD Linux boxes. Our soft real-time power-aware load-distribution algorithm for data centers incorporates a thermal model to minimize the number of missed deadlines that can be caused by thermal faults. We implemented the algorithm in a webserver farm simulator to test the efficacy of thermal-aware load-balancing. Our results show that the new algorithm helps keep CPU temperatures within the desired thermal envelope, even in the presence of thermal faults. When thermal faults occur, our algorithm improves the QoS, at the expense of higher energy consumption.
A queueing model for predicting message latency in uni-directional k-ary n-cubes with deterministic routing and non-uniform traffic
Authors: Samia Loucif, Mohamed Ould Khaoua, Geyong Min
Venue: Cluster Computing (2007)

The interconnection network is one of the key architectural components in any parallel computer. The distribution of the traffic injected into the network is among the factors that greatly influences network performance. The uniform traffic pattern has been adopted in many existing network performance evaluation studies due to the tractability of the resulting analytical modelling approach. However, many real applications exhibit non-uniform traffic patterns such as hot-spot traffic. K-ary n-cubes have been the mostly widely used in the implementation of practical parallel systems. Extensive research studies have been conducted on the performance modelling and evaluation of these networks. Nonetheless, most of these studies have been confined to uniform traffic distributions and have been based on software simulation. The present paper proposes a new stochastic model to predict message latency in k-ary n-cubes with deterministic routing in the presence of hot-spot traffic. The model has been validated through simulation experiments and has shown a close agreement with simulation results.
Biological immune system by evolutionary adaptive learning of neural networks
Authors: S. Oeda, T. Icmmura, T. Yamashita
Venue: Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02 (2002)

Artificial immune systems have been identified as artificially intelligent systems. Some algorithms have been developed on this antigen-antibody response. Here, a model is presented wherein the behavior of each immune cell is specified. We improve this model using knowledge of the major histocompatibility complex. For this purpose an evolutionary neural network was used. Qualitative analysis of the results offers verification of the effectiveness of this approach to simulating an immune system.
Configuration
Authors: Carsten Sinz, Albert Haag, Nina Narodytska, Toby Walsh, Esther Gelle, Mihaela Sabin, Ulrich Junker, Barry O'Sullivan, Rick Rabiser, Deepak Dhungana, Paul Grunbacher, Klaus Lehner, Christian Federspiel, Daniel Naus
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Over the years, a whole sector of AI dealing with configuration problems has emerged, and since 1996, an annual configuration workshop has been held in affiliation with a major AI conference. This installment of Trends & Controversies presents essays from the configuration workshop held in August 2006 as part of ECAI in Riva del Garda, Italy.
Piercing the Fog of Mobile Advertising
Authors: Ramin Vatanparast
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

Mobile advertising holds strong promises to become the most highly targeted advertising medium offering new ways to target messages to users. By utilizing mobile advertising, companies can run marketing campaigns targeted to tens of thousands of people with a fraction of the costs and time compared to other direct marketing mediums. However, as mobile advertising is a novel approach, many aspects of it still need further investigation. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of mobile advertising campaigns and the factors contributing to their success. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advertising space and its influencing factors. First, the study investigates factors that influence mobile advertising from both the industry's and consumer's point of view. Second, based on a review of previous studies in the field, the author proposes a conceptual model for mobile advertising, which categorizes the factors in different groups and provides a holistic view of their impact in the mobile advertising space.
A tool for data structure visualization and user-defined algorithm animation
Authors: Tao Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. on 31st Annual - Volume 01 (2001)

Data Structures and Algorithms is a fundamental course in Computer Science. However, many students find it difficult because it requires abstract thinking. It would be very helpful if there was a visualization tool of data structures such as arrays, queues, stacks, trees and graphs for students to manipulate. The tool would allow students to see how an element is inserted into or deleted from different data structures, how a tree is traversed in different order (preorder, in-order, post order, level-order), etc. Moreover, this tool would provide a simple language, by which students can write their own algorithms so that the execution of the algorithm is animated. This project is intended to create an exploration environment, in which students can learn through experimentation. This tool can be used as an effective supplement to the traditional classroom education and textbook for Data Structures and Algorithms courses. In this paper, a software application that features the visualization of commonly used data structures and their associated insertion and deletion operations is introduced. In addition, this software can be used to animate user-defined algorithms.
The record-breaking terabyte sort on a compaq cluster
Authors: Samuel A. Fineberg, Pankaj Mehra
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Windows NT Symposium - Volume 3 (1999)

Sandia National Laboratories (U.S. Department of Energy) and Compaq Computer Corporation built a 72-node Windows NT cluster, which Sandia utilizes for production work contracted by the U.S. government. Recently, Sandia and Compaq's Tandem Division collaborated on a project to run a 1-terabyte commercial-quality scalable sort on this cluster. The audited result was a new world record of 46.9 minutes, three times faster than the previous record held by a 32-processor shared-memory UNIX system. The external sort utilizes a unique, scalable algorithm that allows near-linear cluster scalability. The sort application exploits several key hardware and software technologies; these include dense-racking Pentium II based servers, Windows NT Workstation 4.0, the Virtual Interface Architecture, and the ServerNet I System Area Network (SAN). The sort code was highly CPU-efficient and stressed asynchronous and sequential I/O and IPC performance. The I/O performance when combined with a high-performance SAN, yielded supercomputer-class performance.
A real-time face tracker for color video
Authors: S. Spors
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

This paper presents a face localization and tracking algorithm which is based upon skin color detection and principal component analysis (PCA) based eye localization. Skin color segmentation is performed using statistical models for human skin color. The skin color segmentation task results in a mask marking the skin color regions in the actual frame, which is further used to compute the position and size of the dominant facial region utilizing a robust statistics-based localization method. To improve the results of skin color segmentation, a foreground/background segmentation and an adaptive background update scheme are added. Additionally, the derived face position is tracked with a Kalman filter. To overcome the problem of skin color ambiguity, an eye detection algorithm based on PCA is presented.
On the Advantages of Using Web & Grid Services for the Development of Collaborative Learning Management Systems
Authors: Santi Caballe
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (2007)

Modern on-line collaborative learning environments no longer depend on homogeneous groups, static content and resources, and single pedagogies, but high customization and flexibility are a must in this context. This means that collaborative learning practices need to be continuously adapted, adjusted, and personalized to each specific target learning group. Moreover, these environments are to enable and scale the involvement of an increasing large number of single/group participants who can geographically be widely distributed, and who need transparently share a huge variety of both software and hardware distributed resources. As a result, collaborative learning applications need to be designed in a way that overcome important nonfunctional requirements arisen in distributed contexts, such as scalability, flexibility, availability, interoperability, and integration of different, heterogeneous, and legacy collaborative learning systems. As a contribution towards this direction, in this paper, an approach based on Web and Grid services is proposed to guide developers in meeting these demanding requirements for the enhancement and improvement of the collaborative learning experience in highly distributed environments.
Image Segmentation of Overlapping Particles in Automatic Size Analysis Using Multi-Flash Imaging
Authors: Tze Ki Koh, Nicholas Miles, Steve Morgan, Barrie Hayes-Gill
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel hardware approach to image segmentation, specifically in the case of overlapping particles. Our research is based on Multi-Flash Imaging (MFI), originally developed to detect depth discontinuities. Multiple images captured with different illumination conditions provide additional information about a scene compared to conventional segmentation techniques. Shadows are used to identify true object edges and underlying particles. We applied the new approach in automated particle size analysis and evaluated it against the watershed and canny edge detection techniques. Evaluation results confirm that MFI can be applied in image segmentation and reveals the superiority of the approach against conventional techniques in the case of overlapping particles.
Employment Of Fuzzy Logic In Feature Diagrams To Model Variability In Software Families
Authors: Silva Robak, Andrzej Pieczyński
Venue: Journal of Integrated Design Process Science (2003)

The features of software family members may vary according to the needs of particular market segments or purposes. The assessment of what will be common and what will be variable feature may result from particular needs and market strategies. Further, there are diverse application profiles, each requiring specific sets of variant features. The same feature set may be prioritized in diverse ways by for specific applications. This paper proposes a system description based on a feature diagram tree, annotated with weighted variable features in the software family context. The principle of how some variant features may be described on the basis of fuzzy logic is introduced and discussed. The proposed description integrates the external cross-tree constraints, and the resulting homogeneity of the logic opens the opportunity to integrate additional tools into the scenario, e.g., generators, or support for constraint based reasoning. The use of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the example of a power plant description.
Using AR HMM state-dependent filtering for speech enhancement
Authors: D. Matrouf
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1999)

In this paper we address the problem of enhancing speech which has been degraded by additive noise. As proposed by Ephraim et al. (1989), autoregressive hidden Markov models (AR-HMM) for the clean speech and an autoregressive Gaussian for the noise are used. The filter applied to a given frame of noisy speech is estimated using the noise model and the autoregressive Gaussian having the highest a posteriori probability given the decoded state sequence. The success of this technique is highly dependent on accurate estimation of the best state sequence. A new strategy combining the use of cepstral-based HMMs, autoregressive HMMs, and a model combination technique, is proposed. The intelligibility of the enhanced speech is indirectly assessed via speech recognition, by comparing performance on noisy speech with compensated models to performance on the enhanced speech with clean-speech models. The results on enhanced speech are as good as our best results obtained with noise compensated models.
Universally Composable Key-Evolving Signature
Authors: Jin Zhou, YueFei Zhu, TingMao Chang, YaJuan Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (2007)

The standard digital signature scheme can be easily subject to key exposure problem In order to overcome this problem; a feasible and effective approach is employed by key-evolving signature scheme. In this paper, we study key-evolving signature within the UC framework and propose an appropriate ideal functionality that captures the basic security requirements of key-evolving signature. Then, we present a generic way to transform a key-evolving signature scheme into a real-life protocol. Finally, we show that UC definition of security is equivalent to previous definition of security which is termed as EUF-ACMA security.
Linear probing with constant independence
Authors: Anna Pagh, Rasmus Pagh, Milan Ruzic
Venue: Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (2007)

Hashing with linear probing dates back to the 1950s, and is among the most studied algorithms. In recent years it has become one of the most important hash table organizations since it uses the cache of modern computers very well. Unfortunately, previous analyses rely either on complicated and space consuming hash functions, or onthe unrealistic assumption of free access to a truly random hash function. Already Carter and Wegman, in their seminal paper on universal hashing, raised the question of extending their analysis to linear probing. However, we show in this paper that linear probing using a pairwise independent family may have expected logarithmic cost per operation. On the positive side, we show that 5-wise independence is enough to ensure constant expected time per operation. This resolves the question of finding a space and time efficient hash function that provably ensures good performance for linear probing.
Control of distributed robotic macrosensors
Authors: John K. Bennett
Venue:  (2006)

This research focuses on a novel, fully decentralized control mechanism for distributed robotic macrosensors (DRMs). DRMs are comprised of large numbers of sensorequipped, inexpensive mobile robots, in which the desired large-scale properties of the system emerge from simple pair-wise interactions of its component robots. Robots in the macrosensor interact with their immediate neighbors using a dynamic virtual spring mesh abstraction, which is governed by a simple physics model. By carefully defining the nature of the spring mesh and the associated physics model, it is possible to create a number of desirable global behaviors without any global control or configuration. Properties of the resulting macrosensor include arbitrary scalability, the ability to function in complex environments, sophisticated target tracking ability, and inherent fault tolerance. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the spring mesh approach. To prove the stability of the spring mesh system, a new analytical technique is developed; this technique has broad applications to distributed control systems beyond spring mesh applications. Finally, the simulated and theoretical results are validated with limited hardware tests using a small fleet of mobile robots.
FastMPEG: time-scale modification of bit-compressed audio information
Authors: M. Covell
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

This paper describes techniques to change the playback speed of MPEG-compressed audio, without first decompressing the audio file. There are two primary contributions in this paper. (1) We describe three techniques to perform time-scale modification in the maximally decimated domain. (2) We show how to infer the output of the auditory masking model on the new audio stream, using the information in the original file. This new FastMPEG algorithm is more than an order of magnitude more efficient than decompressing the audio, performing time-scale modification in the conventional time-domain, and recompressing.
Network-Aware Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
Authors: Bren Mochocki, Dinesh Rajan, Xiaobo Sharon Hu, Christian Poellabauer, Kathleen Otten, Thidapat Chantem
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (2007)

Reducing energy consumption is an important consideration in embedded real-time system development. This work examines systems that contain a DVFS managed CPU executing packet producing tasks and a DPM-controlled network interface. We introduce a novel approach to minimize energy consumed by the network resource on such a system, through careful selection of voltage and frequency levels on the CPU. Contrary to existing claims which state that DVFS should not be employed when the CPU is not a significant consumer of energy, we show that our DVFS technique can reduce system energy by as much as 35%, even when the CPU energy consumption is negligible. Furthermore, we motivate the need to balance the CPU and network energy and present two techniques to do so. One is based on off-line analysis and the other is a conservative on-line approach. We then validate the proposed methods using both simulation and an implementation in the Linux kernel.
Toward the improvement of quality in engineering education
Authors: J. Heywood
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 vol 1. - Volume 01 (1995)

The paper outlines the attempts by the Higher Education Funding Councils in the United Kingdom to assess the quality of education in the institutions it funds. It describes the Teaching Quality Improvement Scheme at the University of Salford (UK). University teachers may apply for grants to undertake research on their own instruction and the curriculum; it is a form of problem based learning into teaching and learning. An analysis of the educational needs of these teachers is made. These needs are related to those of students in a post graduate teacher training course in Ireland. From a comparison of these needs with the literature of engineering education, published in the last decade (much of it American), it is concluded that there exists in the engineering profession a corpus of knowledge capable of introducing commensurate courses to those in teacher education for engineering teachers, provided that a broad approach is taken. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Design and Implementation of Geo-Objects Simulation and Interactive Visual Editing Tools
Authors: Song Shi, Chongchen Chen, Qingmin Wang, JieYun Yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (2006)

Terrain is the carrier of virtual environment, and terrain modeling is the base of constructing model in Synthetic Natural Environment (SNE). The goal of SNE modeling is not only to reconstruct real environment elements such as terrain in virtual environment, but also to construct multi-level interactive channels between human and virtual environment. In this paper, a prototype called Geo-Objects Simulation and Visual Editing System (GSVES) is developed, in which a technological approach for integrating modeling, editing and analyzing environment elements is explored. Further more, this paper goes into a description of the different levels of interactive behavior between human and virtual environment as follows: data level, analysis level and collaboration level, from low to high. We proposed the real environment elements should be organized sequentially in the context of SNE, which lays the foundation for interaction between human and virtual environment harmoniously finally.
Interactive presentation: A process splitting transformation for Kahn process networks
Authors: Sjoerd Meijer, Bart Kienhuis, Alex Turjan, Erwin de Kock
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

In this paper we present a process splitting transformation for Kahn process networks. Running applications written in this parallel program specification on a multiprocessor architecture does not guarantee that the runtime requirements are met. Therefore, it may be necessary to further analyze and optimize Kahn process networks. In this paper, we will present a four-step transformation that results in a functionally equivalent process network, but with a changed and optimized network structure. The class of networks that can be handled is not restricted to static networks. The novelty of this approach is that it can also handle processes with dynamic program statements. We will illustrate the transformation prototyped in GCC for a JPEG decoder, showing a 21% performance improvements.