ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Inverse initial heat flux and relaxation time finding problems for hyperbolic heat equation
Authors: Andris Buikis, Sharif Guseinov
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on APPLIED MATHEMATICS (2006)

In this paper the one and two-dimensional initial-boundary value problems for hyperbolic heat equation as mathematical model of intensive steel quenching is studied. In the statement of problem, instead of second initial condition, the temperature distribution and its time derivative at the end of time interval are given. Firstly, we construct the solution in closed form by reducing the solution to Fredholm type integral equation of the first kind according to the second time derivative of the temperature. Secondly, the closed explicit representation for the relaxation time parameter is obtained.
Grid-based dynamic service overlays
Authors: O. Ardaiz, L. Navarro
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2008)

Variations in service demand and resource availability on the Internet compel service operators to deploy and modify service overlays manually: installing new service instances, reconfiguring existing service instances and creating new connections. Service overlays are increasingly difficult to manage due to their size and coordination requirements for low latency, load balancing and high availability. An approach is required that adapts service overlays to demand and resource availability variations without the intervention of service operators. In this article, we propose a Grid-based architecture and an implementation that make dynamic service overlays possible. We have designed a layered Grid-based architecture: a collective layer that contains the service overlay component, a resource layer that contains the execution environment and service process components, a connectivity layer for communication among components and a fabric layer with programmable infrastructure mechanisms. The implementation makes use of Grid factories for creation of execution-environment and service-processes components, and Grid manager and Grid controller for service-overlay creation and control. Experiments have been performed which deployed, adjusted, modified and destroyed three kinds of service overlays, proxy cache hierarchy, chat server network and JXTA P2P application, over a world-wide programmable infrastructure. Response times of such dynamic operations measured in such experiments have been satisfactory, in the order of tens of seconds. Experiments show that execution environment preparation and code downloading are the mechanisms that contribute the larger overhead.
Verification for Time Consistency of Web Service Flow
Authors: Rujuan Liu, Changjun Hu, ChongChong Zhao, Zhong Gao
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science (icis 2008) (2008)

Non-functional property verification (such as time consistency) for Web Services (WS) flow has become indispensable since many WS for e-business exist in real world with temporal context and depend on many external restrictions like executing time and consuming cost etc. Unfortunately, current researches mainly focus on the modeling, analyzing and verifying of WS process, while ignoring the non-functional factors. Aiming at verifying time constraints in service flow, the paper presents a method for verifying time constraints consistency in WS flow. By building time ontology based on DAML_Time, the OWL_S(Ontology Web Language for Web Services) is extended with time constraints, which expresses time information of WS flow clearly and roundly. Then the annotated OWL_S is transformed to formal model TCPN (Time constraints Petri Net). By verifying property of TCPN, the time consistency of WS flow can be verified according to the result of verification algorithm. A composite WS is taken as an example to illustrate the process of verification.
Optimal Training for the SM-MIMO-OFDM Systems with MMSE Channel Estimation
Authors: Eugene Golovins, Neco Ventura
Venue: Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2008)

Spatially multiplexed multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SM-MIMO-OFDM) systems are expected to provide a considerable increase of transmission capacity paving the way for the next generation broadband wireless communication standards. Considered MIMO-OFDM receiver performs estimation of the channel state information based on transmission of pilots concurrently with data symbols. The channel estimates are subsequently used for data detection. In this paper we discuss optimal placement and numberof pilot subcarriers and derive the closed-form expression for the optimal power allocation between pilot and data symbols. The latter factor is important as under total transmit energy constraint there is a trade-off between boosting power of the pilot symbols to gain more accurate channel estimates and maintaining higher signal-to-noise ratio at the data subcarriers to minimise probability of detection error in the assumption of sufficiently reliable channel state information.
The design of high-performance dynamic asynchronous pipelines: high-capacity style
Authors: Montek Singh, Steven M. Nowick
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2007)

This paper introduces a high-throughput asynchronous pipeline style, called high-capacity (HC) pipelines, targeted to datapaths that use dynamic logic. This approach includes a novel highly-concurrent handshake protocol, with fewer synchronization points between neighboring pipeline stages than almost all existing asynchronous dynamic pipelining approaches. Furthermore, the dynamic pipelines provide 100% buffering capacity, without explicit latches, by means of separate pullup and pulldown control for each pipeline stage: neighboring stages can store distinct data items, unlike almost all existing latchless dynamic asynchronous pipelines. As a result, very high throughput is obtained. Fabricated first-input-first-output (FIFO) designs, in 0.18-µm technology, were fully functional over a wide range of supply voltages (1.2 to over 2.5 V), exhibiting a corresponding range of throughputs from 1.0-2.4 giga items/s. In addition, an experimental finite-impulse response (FIR) filter chip was designed and fabricated with IBM Research, whose speed-critical core used an HC pipeline. The HC pipeline exhibited throughputs up to 1.8 giga items/s, and the overall filter achieved 1.32 giga items/s, thus obtaining 15% higher throughput and 50% lower latency than the fastest previously-reported synchronous FIR filter, also designed at IBM Research.
Embedding into l &#x221e;2 Is Easy, Embedding into l &#x221e;3 Is&#x00a0;NP-Complete
Authors: Jeff Edmonds
Venue: Discrete Computational Geometry (2008)

We give a new algorithm for enumerating all possible embeddings of a metric space (i.e., the distances between every pair within a set of n points) into &#x211d;2 Cartesian space preserving their l &#x221e; (or l 1) metric distances. Its expected time is $\mathcal {O}(n^{2}\log^{2}n)$ (i.e., within a poly-log of the size of the input) beating the previous $\mathcal {O}(n^{3})$ algorithm. In contrast, we prove that detecting l &#x221e;3 embeddings is NP-complete. The problem is also NP-complete within l 12 or l &#x221e;2 with the added constraint that the locations of two of the points are given or alternatively that the two dimensions are curved into a three-dimensional sphere. We also refute a compaction theorem by giving a metric space that cannot be embedded in l &#x221e;3; however, it can be embedded if any single point is removed.
Intelligent email: reply and attachment prediction
Authors: Mark Dredze, Tova Brooks, Josh Carroll, Joshua Magarick, John Blitzer, Fernando Pereira
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2008)

We present two prediction problems under the rubric of Intelligent Email that are designed to support enhanced email interfaces that relieve the stress of email overload. Reply prediction alerts users when an email requires a response and facilitates email response management. Attachment prediction alerts users when they are about to send an email missing an attachment or triggers a document recommendation system, which can catch missing attachment emails before they are sent. Both problems use the same underlying email classification system and task specific features. Each task is evaluated for both single-user and cross-user settings.
Application of fuzzy c-means clustering in power system model reduction for controller design
Authors: Shu-Chen Wang, Pei-Hwa Huang, Chi-Jui Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Man-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (2006)

This paper presents the application of fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering in the order reduction of dynamic models for controller design in a power system. Based on the fuzzy c-means algorithm, a method is proposed for clustering the poles and zeros of the original power system model into new clusters from which a reduced-order model can be obtained. Then the reduced-order model is used to design a proportional-integral type power system stabilizer to improve the damping in system oscillation after a system disturbance. The reduced-order model can contain the critical dynamic characteristics of the original model, but let it easier to design the controller. Results from a sample power system are presented to show the validity of the proposed method. The electromechanical mode of the power system can be improved by the designed power system stabilier from pole assignment.
Line edge roughness (LER) reduction strategy for SOI waveguides fabrication
Authors: Stefano Sardo, Fabrizio Giacometti, Sergio Doneda, Umberto Colombo, Melissa Di Muri, Anna Donghi, Romano Morson, Giorgio Mutinati, Alessandro Nottola, Massimo Gentili, Maria Chiara Ubaldi
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

In this paper a strategy for the reduction of the line edge roughness (LER) of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides is presented. SOI technology is particularly attractive for next generation integrated optical components thanks to the very high index contrast, which gives a strong confinement for light propagation. On the other hand, such guiding structures pose a formidable challenge in the control of light-to-sidewall scattering process. Fabrication irregularities, as small as a few nanometers, may have a dramatic impact on propagation losses of such components.
Providing Balanced and Enhanced Transmission for WLANs with Multi-beam Access Point
Authors: Zongyao Tang, Xuezhi Xing, Fan Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2008)

We propose a novel MAC protocol for WLANs with multi-beam access point, omni-antenna mobile nodes and a single frequency channel to exploit the potential profit of multi-beam antennas. Our protocol addresses a series of challenging problems, such as the beam-load unbalance problem, the unnecessary defer problem, the receiver blocking problem, the antenna-imperfection problem, and the mobility issue. By addressing these problems, as many parallel transmissions between terminals and the AP as possible are successfully facilitated and the performance of the network is significantly improved. Simulation results show that while providing more balanced service for WLAN users, our scheme can remarkably improve the throughput performance.
Proceedings of the 40th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Venue: Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (2008)

The papers in this volume were presented at the Fourtieth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 2008), held in Victoria, British Columbia, May 17--20, 2008. The Symposium was sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT). This volume also contains abstracts for invited talks by Jennifer Rexford and David Haussler, as well as a tutorial on the analysis of Boolean functions, delivered by Ryan O'Donnell. The submitted papers in many cases represent reports of continuing research. It is expected that most of them will appear in a more polished and complete form in scientific journals. In response to the Call for Papers, a record 325 submissions were received by the November 19, 2007 5:00 PM PST deadline (a short grace period was extended), of which 5 were eventually withdrawn. Although the submissions were not formally refereed, each received careful consideration. The committee held lengthy on-line discussions, followed by a physical meeting January 18-20, in Mountain View, California, attended by 20 of the 21 program committee members. Eventually, 80 papers were selected for inclusion in the program. Of these, the committee chose two recipients for the Best Paper Award: "Algorithms and Inapproximability Results For Every CSP?" by Prasad Raghavendra, and "Optimal Hierarchical Decompositions for Congestion Minimization in Networks" by Harald Räcke. The committee also awarded the Danny Lewin Best Student Paper award to the former. A few months before the submission deadline, the committee began a discussion of the role of conceptual and outreach papers, concluding that these should be thoroughly integrated into the conference. There are many merits a paper can have, including mathematical sophistication, conceptual clarity, and extending the reach of theory. The committee reaffirmed the importance of all of these, while recognizing that none is a sine qua non of an excellent theory paper. To this end, the call for papers was modified to encourage outreach papers, and a conscientious effort was made throughout the reviewing process to recognize outreach, conceptual innovation, and simplicity as strengths.
Numerical study of the unsteady flow of non-Newtonian fluid through differently shaped arterial stenoses
Authors: P. Kumar Mandal, S. Chakravarty, A. Mandal
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

The problem of non-Newtonian and nonlinear pulsatile flow through an irregularly stenosed arterial segment is solved numerically where the non-Newtonian rheology of the flowing blood is characterized by the generalized Power-law model where both the shear-thinning and shear-thickening models of the streaming blood are taken into account. The combined influence of an asymmetric shape and surface irregularities (roughness) of the constriction has been explored in a study of blood flow with 48% areal occlusion. The vascular wall deformability is taken to be anisotropic, linear, viscoelastic, incompressible circular cylindrical membrane shell. The effect of the surrounding connective tissues on the motion of the arterial wall is also paid due attention. Results are obtained for a smooth stenosis model and also for a stenosis model represented by the cosine curve. The present analytical treatment has the potential to calculate the rate of flow, the resistive impedance and the wall shear stress without excessive computational complexity by exploiting the appropriate physiologically realistic prescribed conditions in nonuniform nonstaggered grids, and to estimate the effects of surface roughness as well as asymmetry of stenosis shape for both shear-thinning and shear-thickening models of Power-law fluid, representing the streaming blood through graphical representations in order to validate the applicability of the present improved mathematical model.
Context-aware application programming for mobile devices
Authors: Weichang Du, Lei Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference (2008)

This research aims at facilitating the development of context-aware application software for mobile devices by providing a programming model, an implementation framework and a development environment. The programming model provides a multi-layered software architecture for context-aware application programming. The model supports developers to define contexts, behaviors and context-behavior binding rules through specifications and automates generation of context-aware application code based on the specifications. The implementation framework is a backbone program that implements the programming model. It facilitates the development in reducing the effort on the common tasks of context-awareness and help developers focus on the application-specific components. The development environment provides a series of tools to support the development of context-aware applications. These tools simplify the development process and provide the developed applications with robustness and testability.
PLEXCast: Peer-to-Peer Flexble Broadcast System
Authors: Yoshitaka Yokokawa, Koji Hashimoto, Yoshitaka Shibata
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

Recently, there are a lot of studies concerned with videostreaming methods based on peer-to-peer network in order to realize efficient video services. However, a lot of these are not considering user’s real network environment, and these are not enough about efficiency in the use of network resources and device resources. On the other hand, the strategy of an appropriate quality streaming is needed in order to deal with the user’s various quality demands. In this paper, we propose PLEXCast System: Peer-to-Peer videostreaming system that deal with each user’s multiple network environments, quality demand, and dynamic change of delivery network. PLEXCast System has following functions: 1) IP unicast/multicast selecting protocol with user’s network environment, 2) contents transcoding function with user’s quality demand, 3) sub-streaming function for assuring service continuity.
Usability Engineering for Augmented Reality: Employing User-Based Studies to Inform Design
Authors: Joe L. Gabbard, J. E. Swan II
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2008)

A major challenge, and thus opportunity, in the field of human-computer interaction and specifically usability engineering is designing effective user interfaces for emerging technologies that have no established design guidelines or interaction metaphors or introduce completely new ways for users to perceive and interact with technology and the world around them. Clearly, augmented reality is one such emerging technology. We propose a usability engineering approach that employs user-based studies to inform design, by iteratively inserting a series of user-based studies into a traditional usability engineering lifecycle to better inform initial user interface designs. We present an exemplar user-based study conducted to gain insight into how users perceive text in outdoor augmented reality settings and to derive implications for design in outdoor augmented reality. We also describe "lessons learned from our experiences conducting user-based studies as part of the design process.
Proceedings of the second workshop on Analytics for noisy unstructured text data
Venue: AND; Vol. 303 (2008)

Noise in text can be defined as any kind of difference between the surface form of a coded representation of the text and the intended, correct, or original text. By its very nature, noisy text warrants moving beyond traditional text analytics techniques. Noise introduces challenges that need special handling, either through new methods or improved versions of existing ones. After the highly successful AND 2007, that was part of IJCAI 07, in this second edition that is part of SIGIR 08, the Information Retrieval community has added its perspective to this topic. The goal of the AND workshops is to focus on the problems encountered in analyzing noisy documents coming from various sources. This workshop brought together a diverse group of researchers to present current research and development in addressing this challenge. We were fortunate to assemble a diverse group of researchers from the Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and Knowledge Management communities to help us in organizing this workshop. The workshop call for papers had a very good response. We received 25 submissions spanning a diverse set of issues relevant to noisy text analytics. Each submission was reviewed by at least three members of the program committee. Finally twelve papers were selected for oral and four for poster presentation. To encourage discussion, the workshop program was structured into topic-oriented oral and poster sessions. In addition to the contributed papers, the program also contained a keynote address by Donna Harman, NIST, an invited talk by John Tait, IRF, and discussion sessions spread through the day.
A linear Vizing-like relation relating the size and total domination number of a graph
Authors: Michael A. Henning
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2005)

We prove that m&thinsp;&le;&thinsp;&Delta; (n&thinsp;-&thinsp;&gamma;t) for every graph each component of which has order at least 3 of order n, size m, total domination number &gamma;t, and maximum degree &Delta;&thinsp;&ge;&thinsp;3. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 285&ndash;290, 2005
Privacy law and technology in Nigeria: The legal framework will not meet the test of adequacy as mandated by article 25 of European union directive 95/46
Authors: Ayo Kusamotu
Venue: Information and Communications Technology Law (2007)

Nigeria is one of the biggest and fastest telecommunications markets in Africa and has huge potential for information technology (IT) market growth. With nearly 70 million Muslims (roughly half the population), it is also the country with the largest number of members of the Islamic faith in sub-Saharan Africa. While government policies and public-private initiatives such as 'Computers for all Nigerians' may have a significant impact in the mid-term, a relatively low percentage of IT penetration and an unreliable power infrastructure has not fuelled concern about European Union-style data protection laws. Value-added systems in Nigeria's fast-developing information and communication technology (ICT) sector may, however, lead to the possibility of export of personal data from the EU to Nigeria. This article considers the test of adequacy and its requirements as laid down in EU Directive 95/46. It then evaluates the Nigerian privacy provisions, keeping in view of the test laid down by the Directive, to come to the conclusion that the legal framework will fail to meet the test of adequacy, but that other remedies may be available. The author takes the view that the current situation is the not the result of influence by any religious faith, but is simply brought about by economic circumstances and the rate of infrastructural growth.
VPN Analysis and New Perspective for Securing Voice over VPN Networks
Authors: Wafaa Bou Diab, Samir Tohme, Carole Bassil
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Networking and Services (2008)

Security and privacy become mandatory requirements for VoIP communications that needs security services such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-replay and non-repudiation. The available solutions are generic and do not respect voice specificities and constraints. Thus, QoS of the voice is affected by delay, jitter, and packet loss. New security solutions must take into account the real-time constraint of voice service and their mechanisms should address possible attacks and overhead associated with it. Nowadays, VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) is considered the strongest security solutions for communications over IP networks. Most VPN solutions are implemented to tunnel data traffic while the trend toward a converged data and voice network, however, places new demands on VPNs to support real time traffic. In this paper we compare the VPN security protocols presenting their advantage and drawbacks. Then we present our new solution to secure voice over IPSec VPNs while guaranteeing the performance and quality of services, without reducing the effective bandwidth. We use the AVISPA model to analyze the security vulnerabilities of exchange messages to initiate session and establish VPN.