ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Drought Monitoring Model Based on the Cloud Parameters Method and Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Liangming Liu, Daxiang Xiang, Xinyi Dong, Zheng Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2008)

Based on the original model, this paper mainly introduces modification to the cloud index in both temporal and spatial dimension, and leads to a new drought monitoring model with a stable performance to the temporal and spatial variation of remote sensing data. In this study, taking into consideration of the temporal and spatial variation, a comprehensive analysis is performed about functions which describe the how the cloud indexes affect the ravage of drought. Afterwards, based on this analysis, a modification function is restricted to a certain format, which is finally settled with the parameters retrieved by the remote sensing data accompanied with the measured date about the humidity of the soil deep to 20cm. This modification function is applied to regulate the 3 cloud impaction functions. Finally, the new drought monitoring model is modified by evaluating different weights to three cloud impaction functions. Meanwhile, this new model is applied to the FY-2C data covering the whole land surface of China. Compared with the traditional monitoring algorithms, the new model is proved to be able to offer a more accurate and reliable result in large scale of time and space.
A Seamless Modeling Approach for Service-Oriented Information Systems
Authors: Sebastian Herold, Andreas Rausch, Alexander Bösl, Jan Ebell, Christian Linsmeier, Detlef Peters
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

Model-driven development (MDD) promises to support software developers to cope with the complexity of nowadays IT-systems, and to raise productivity and quality of software systems. To successfully apply a MDD approach in the industrial practice, it has to be carefully customized to the specific needs of the enterprise regarding the target software architecture. This paper describes a seamless MDD approach which has been developed and applied in industry for constructing service-oriented distributed enterprise information systems. This includes a technique for deriving a component design from the overlying business process.
Efficient numerical solution of parabolic optimization problems by finite element methods
Authors: Roland Becker, Dominik Meidner, Boris Vexler
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2007)

We present an approach for efficient numerical solution of optimization problems governed by parabolic partial differential equations. The main ingredients are: space-time finite element discretization, second-order optimization algorithms, and storage reduction techniques. We discuss the combination of these components for the solution of large-scale optimization problems.
Scenario-Based Program Slicing
Authors: Alexander Campbell, Anthony Cox
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (2008)

Agile software development methodologies are driven by user created stories known as scenarios. These scenarios capture a subset of the program's functionality and often permit developers to perform an ad hoc form of program slicing. We developed a tool, and integrated it into Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, to formalise the slicing of a program based on a specified scenario. During development, programmers are required to insert, using a predefined macro, an XML tag set before all methods and class variables that they add, edit, or reference. Our slicing tool uses these tags to identify the methods and variables associated with a specific scenario and to create a compilable program slice that implements only the scenario. Scenario-based slices can be used by both developers and managers in support of tasks that include, but are not limited to, debugging, metric generation (e.g., complexity), cost estimation, prioritization, and requirements tracing.
Developing International Standards for Very Small Enterprises
Authors: Claude Y. Laporte, Simon Alexandre, Alain Renault
Venue: Computer (2008)

Software engineering standards must address the needs of small organizations, especially those with a low capability level.
Exploiting proximity feature in bigram language model for information retrieval
Authors: Seung-Hoon Na, Jungi Kim, In-Su Kang, Jong-Hyeok Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

Language modeling approaches have been effectively dealing with the dependency among query terms based on N-gram such as bigram or trigram models. However, bigram language models suffer from adjacency-sparseness problem which means that dependent terms are not always adjacent in documents, but can be far from each other, sometimes with distance of a few sentences in a document. To resolve the adjacency-sparseness problem, this paper proposes a new type of bigram language model by explicitly incorporating the proximity feature between two adjacent terms in a query. Experimental results on three test collections show that the proposed bigram language model significantly improves previous bigram model as well as Tao's approach, the state-of-art method for proximity-based method.
The shrinkage exponent is 2
Authors: J. Hastad
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE 34th Annual Foundations of Computer Science (1993)

We prove that if we hit a formula of size L with a random restriction from R/sub p/ then the expected remaining size is at most O(p/sup 2/(log p)/sup 3/2/L). As a corollary we obtain a R(n/sup 3-O(1)/) formula size lower bound for an explicit function in NP.
Securing the core with an Enterprise Key Management Infrastructure (EKMI)
Authors: Arshad Noor
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th symposium on Identity and trust on the Internet (2008)

The last twenty-five years has witnessed an emphasis on protecting the network and computing host as a proxy for protecting data from unauthorized access. While this was a reasonable strategy at the dawn of network-based computing, given the state of the internet today with its security issues, this strategy is proving to be hopeless. This paper advances the notion that the time has finally come to begin what we should have done initially -- protect the core of our computing infrastructure: the data -- in addition to protecting the network and computing host. The paper describes an architecture - and a specific implementation of that architecture - to enable the encryption of data across the enterprise in a platform and application-independent manner. The architecture describes the use of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and a Symmetric Key Management System (SKMS) within an Enterprise Key Management Infrastructure (EKMI), to securely - and centrally - manage the life-cycle of the symmetric encryption keys used for data encryption.
Network energy consumption in ad-hoc networks under different radio models
Authors: Tao Yang, Leonard Barolli, Makoto Ikeda, Arjan Durresi, Fatos Xhafa
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

In this work, we consider the behavior of a wireless ad-hoc network under TwoRayGround and Shadowing radio models. By means of simulations, we analyze the performance of three routing protocols: AODV, DSR, and DSDV, and study the global energy consumption due to AODV and DSR can be very different with respect to the radio model. In particular, we found a maximum relative difference of 70%. On the other hand, for the proactive DSDV routing protocol the energy consumption rate seems to be independent of the radio model, at least for moderate size of the network (256 nodes). Therefore, for small networks, although proactive protocols offer a great advantage in term of delay, the energy consumption is independent against link failures due to the irregularity of the radio medium.
Hardware Reconfiguration Capability for Third Generation Sensor Nodes: Design and Challenges
Authors: Ali El Kateeb, L. Azzawi
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

In this paper, we describe the main capabilities for the third generation of the sensor nodes. The challenges for implementing such nodes is focused on providing the hardware design reconfiguration at minimum power consumption and developing the components library that can be used to develop sensor nodes at short period of time. The impact of using third generation nodes on network level evaluation and next-generation applications is also discussed in this work.
Does ns2 Really Simulate MPLS Networks?
Authors: Hugo Coll, Jaime Lloret, Francisco Javier Sanchez
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2008)

Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is being used in many corporate networks and public infrastructures and as a backbone technology of many Autonomous Systems. Because of its importance, what is needed is to find out simulators able to simulate MPLS networks whose results reflect the real environment as much as possible. In this article, we will show real measurements from the Railway Infrastructure Administrator (ADIF, the Spanish railway infrastructure manager) MPLS network and we will compare them with the results obtained by the freeware simulator ns2. We will check the level of reliability provided by the simulator and we will know under which parameters its results will be similar with those obtained from the real network. These results could be taken into account later to simulate real-time critical services over MPLS networks.
Multicast Voice Transmission over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Paolo Bucciol, Federico Ridolfo, Juan Carlos De Martin
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Networking (2008)

In this paper we analyze the challenges and issues of transmitting multicast voice streams in a Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The considered scenario focuses on the multicast transmission of multimedia signals (MP3 streams) between a static and a mobile node. We examine various technical solutions to guarantee vehicle-to-infrastructure connectivity, such as software enhancements and directional antennas. To overcome transmission problems, directions on how to build an optimized client-server streaming software suite are given. The proposed suite is tested with various safety messages in a real-world network testbed. Results of the experiments are presented in terms of both network layer (such as packet loss rate) and application layer (Mean Opinion Score) metrics. Results show how the specific context determines the distribution of error patterns. To improve the performance of the transmission by reducing the average burst error length, block interleaving techniques are taken into consideration. The presented results show that a reasoned choice of the hardware and software parameters enables the transmission of multicast vocal messages by means of the standard 802.11b protocol.
Modeling error in the two-node Timoshenko beam finite element
Authors: João Elias Abdalla Filho, Michelle Schunemann Pereira
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2004)

A displacement-based finite element for the analysis of beams is formulated using Timoshenko's beam theory and strain gradient notation. The element is first-order shear deformable as its longitudinal displacement possesses only the independent term and a term linear in the thickness coordinate z. Strain gradient notation allows for assessing the modeling capabilities and deficiencies of the finite element. A spurious term is found in the transverse shear strain polynomial and it is identified as being responsible for the artificial stiffening of the element. Removal of the spurious term renders a better element. Numerical analyses show that the corrected element converges faster than the original one to the analytical solutions of a given problem.
A real-time and reliable transport (RT) 2 protocol for wireless sensor and actor networks
Authors: Vehbi Cagri Gungor, Özgür B. Akan, Ian F. Akyildiz
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2008)

Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are characterized by the collective effort of heterogenous nodes called sensors and actors. Sensor nodes collect information about the physical world, while actor nodes take action decisions and perform appropriate actions upon the environment. The collaborative operation of sensors and actors brings significant advantages over traditional sensing, including improved accuracy, larger coverage area and timely actions upon the sensed phenomena. However, to realize these potential gains, there is a need for an efficient transport layer protocol that can address the unique communication challenges introduced by the coexistence of sensors and actors. In this paper, a Real-Time and Reliable Transport (RT)2 protocol is presented for WSANs. The objective of the (RT)2 protocol is to reliably and collaboratively transport event features from the sensor field to the actor nodes with minimum energy dissipation and to timely react to sensor information with a right action. In this respect, the (RT)2 protocol simultaneously addresses congestion control and timely event transport reliability objectives in WSANs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research effort focusing on real-time and reliable transport protocol for WSANs. Performance evaluations via simulation experiments show that the (RT)2 protocol achieves high performance in terms of reliable event detection, communication latency and energy consumption in WSANs.
Implementing and Validating an Environmental and Health Monitoring System
Authors: Marco Messina, Yen Yang Lim, Elaine Lawrence, Don Martin, Frank Kargl
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (2008)

In this paper the authors describe the implementation and validation of a prototype of an environmental and health monitoring system based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The solution proposed for our system combines environmental and medical sensors in order to monitor both the surrounding area of the patient and the patient’s health status simultaneously. This feature would allow a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s condition by the specialist caring for the subject. Another key feature of the system is the development of an architecture which provides an easy, viable, cheap and effective way for connecting our environmental and medical sensor network of MicaZ motes to the outside world using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) version 3. A series of experimental scenarios were developed and implemented in a laboratory setting; firstly for evaluating the reactivity of the monitoring system to changes and secondly for understanding the reliability of the data obtained for benchmarking purposes. The conclusion considers the implementation of future improvements to the health monitoring network by introducing new sensors and location tracking capabilities, and by integrating alarm triggering algorithms and advanced security techniques.
Mobile IPTV Expanding the Value of IPTV
Authors: Soohong Park, Seong-Ho Jeong, Cheolju Hwang
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Networking (2008)

IPTV stands for Internet Protocol Television. In other words, users who have any kinds of IP devices are able to watch Television wherever they are. This paper illustrates how IPTV would be adopted to wireless and mobile networks with regards to mobile device called Mobile IPTV taking relevant technical issues into consideration. Through Mobile IPTV, users can use IPTV services anywhere on earth using IP and while on the move. Currently, ITU-T FG IPTV is at the front head of IPTV standardization. Hence, this paper sums up what is going on in ITU-T FG IPTV in terms of Mobile IPTV. This paper helps out the IPTV service provider to prepare as to what technical concerns and issues need to be considered for Mobile IPTV services.
Nonlinearity Of Davenport-Schinzel Sequences And Of A Generalized Path Compression Scheme
Authors: S. Hart
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium onFoundations of Computer Science, 1984 (1984)

Davenport-Schinzel sequences are sequences that do not contain forbidden subsequences of alternating symbols. They arise in the computation of the envelope of a set of functions. We show that the maximal length of a Davenport-Schinzel sequence composed of n symbols is (n /spl alpha/(n)), where /spl alpha/ (n) is the functional inverse of Ackermann's function, and is thus very slow growing. This is achieved by establishing an equivalence between such sequences and generalized path compression schemes on rooted trees, and then by analyzing these schemes.
A Comparative Study of Energy Minimization Methods for Markov Random Fields with Smoothness-Based Priors
Authors: Richard Szeliski, Ramin Zabih, Daniel Scharstein, Olga Veksler, Vladimir Kolmogorov, Aseem Agarwala, Marshall Tappen, Carsten Rother
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2008)

Among the most exciting advances in early vision has been the development of efficient energy minimization algorithms for pixel-labeling tasks such as depth or texture computation. It has been known for decades that such problems can be elegantly expressed as Markov random fields, yet the resulting energy minimization problems have been widely viewed as intractable. Recently, algorithms such as graph cuts and loopy belief propagation (LBP) have proven to be very powerful: for example, such methods form the basis for almost all the top-performing stereo methods. However, the tradeoffs among different energy minimization algorithms are still not well understood. In this paper we describe a set of energy minimization benchmarks and use them to compare the solution quality and running time of several common energy minimization algorithms. We investigate three promising recent methods graph cuts, LBP, and tree-reweighted message passing in addition to the well-known older iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm. Our benchmark problems are drawn from published energy functions used for stereo, image stitching, interactive segmentation, and denoising. We also provide a general-purpose software interface that allows vision researchers to easily switch between optimization methods. Benchmarks, code, images, and results are available at http://vision.middlebury.edu/MRF/.
Exploiting semantic annotations in information retrieval: ESAIR '08
Authors: Omar Alonso, Hugo Zaragoza
Venue: ACM SIGIR Forum (2008)

The following report summarizes the highlights of the first workshop on exploiting semantic annotations in information retrieval (ESAIR '08). The workshop format included paper and demo presentations as well as breakout sessions and a panel discussion.
Public and private workspaces on tabletop displays
Authors: Ross T. Smith, Wayne Piekarski
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 76 (2008)

As co-operative work environments are becoming more popular, new tools and techniques have been emerging that allow users to perform collaborative tasks more efficiently. We have been exploring new interaction techniques made possible by using a multi-view display as a tabletop surface. This paper presents the concept of public and private working areas for multi-view display environments, and presents a taxonomy that allows us to better understand how they can be applied in computer supported collaborative work environments. We have formally defined and categorized various multi-view characteristics, along with possible uses and applications. We also created a display mask that allows an LCD monitor to be used as a multi-view display from four viewing directions. Furthermore, our initial implementation of a window manager utilizing the taxonomy has been discussed to demonstrate some of the interaction techniques that are possible using a multi-view tabletop display.
A framework for cost-scaling algorithms for submodular flow problems
Authors: H. N. Gabow
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE 34th Annual Foundations of Computer Science (1993)

The submodular flow problem includes such problems as minimum-cost network flow, dijoin, edge-connectivity orientation and others. We present a cost-scaling algorithm for submodular flow problems. The algorithm applies to these problems in general; we also examine its efficiency for the dijoin and edge-connectivity orientation problems. A minimum-cost dijoin is found in time O(min{m/sup 1/2/, n/sup 2/3/}nmlog(nN)), where n, m and N denote the number of vertices, number of edges and largest magnitude of an integral edge cost. The previous best-known bound is O(n/sup 2/m) if fast matrix multiplication is not used. A k-edge-connected orientation is found in time O(kn/sup 2/(/spl radic/(kn)+k/sup 2/log(n/k))). A minimum-cost k-edge-connected orientation is found on the above time bound for dijoins when k=O(1) (and a more complicated bound for general k). The scaling algorithm uses a transformation that eliminates vertex weights in edge-capacitated graphs. It also incorporates a scheme to limit the growth in the size of intermediate solutions, using a dual minimum-cost network flow problem.
Works and representation
Authors: Ronald E. Day
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2008)

The concept of the &ldquo;work&rdquo; in art differs from and challenges traditional concepts of the &ldquo;work&rdquo; in bibliography. Whereas the traditional bibliographic concept of the work takes an ideational approach that incorporates mentalist epistemologies, container-content metaphors, and the conduit metaphor of information transfer and re-presentation, the concept of the work of art as is presented here begins with the site-specific and time-valued nature of the object as a product of human labor and as an event that is emergent through cultural forms and from social situations. The account of the work, here, is thus materialist and expressionist rather than ideational. This article takes the discussion of the work in the philosopher Martin Heidegger's philosophical-historical account and joins this with the concept of the work in the modern avant-garde, toward bringing into critique the traditional bibliographic conception of the work and toward illuminating a materialist perspective that may be useful in understanding cultural work-objects, as well as texts proper. &copy; 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New upper bounds for excited vibration systems with applications of the differential calculus of norms
Authors: L. Kohaupt
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

In an earlier paper, the author introduced new upper bounds for free linear and nonlinear vibration systems; to compute the best upper bounds, the differential calculus of norms was applied. In the present paper, this work is continued for the corresponding excited systems. Some new techniques and ideas are involved. The results in the applications cannot be obtained by the methods used so far.