ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Digital disks and a digital compactness measure
Authors: Chul E. Kim, Timothy A. Anderson
Venue: Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1984)

An O(n2) time algorithm is presented that determines whether or not a given convex digital region is a digital disk. A new compactness measure for digital regions is introduced, and an algorithm to evaluate the compactness measure of convex digital regions is also presented.
A machine independent course in processor organization and assembler language programming
Authors: John A. Beidler
Venue: Proceedings of the third SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1973)

Over the past three years the University of Scranton has been developing a computer science program. Since we could not hope to obtain the type of equipment, fast processors and compilers which many of the larger schools have, we developed several &ldquo;canned programs&rdquo; which could accept and act upon student input and give the student some degree of experience with computers which are not within our financial means. The heart of this development was a simulator we refer to as the SLIC (Scranton's Little Instructional Computer) processor. We feel this simulator has a different purpose for its existence than some of the others which have been developed. The original purpose and the one on which we are concentrating in this paper was to give students some practical programming experience on &ldquo;computers&rdquo; which have different addressing schemes. We feel SLIC met this original purpose with great success. Its most important contribution to date is in the development of our course in Processor Organization and Assembler Programming. In making this course SLIC dependent, we believe we made it machine independent and as a result we feel we give our students a &ldquo;feel&rdquo; for computing which transcends the machine we have on campus.
Legal liability for malpractice of computer specialists
Authors: J. T. Westmeier
Venue: Proceedings of the eighteenth annual computer personnel research conference (1981)

The proliferation of computer technology has focused attention on the regulation of computer specialists and the liability standards applicable to them for the work they perform. Horror stories involving computer-related crimes, fraud and invasions of personal privacy, coupled with catastrophies resulting from computer systems that failed to work or functioned improperly, have been used as evidence to support a need for regulatory protection through a state occupational licensing scheme or a mandatory certification program for computer specialists.
Geodesic active contours
Authors: V. Caselles, R. Kimmel, G. Sapiro
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (1995)

A novel scheme for the detection of object boundaries is presented. The technique is based on active contours deforming according to intrinsic geometric measures of the image. The evolving contours naturally split and merge, allowing the simultaneous detection of several objects and both interior and exterior boundaries. The proposed approach is based on the relation between active contours and the computation of geodesics or minimal distance curves. The minimal distance curve lays in a Riemannian space whose metric as defined by the image content. This geodesic approach for object segmentation allows to connect classical "snakes" based on energy minimization and geometric active contours based on the theory of curve evolution. Previous models of geometric active contours are improved as showed by a number of examples. Formal results concerning existence, uniqueness, stability, and correctness of the evolution are presented as well.
Formal verification of a real-time hardware design
Authors: Zerksis D. Umrigar, Vijay Pitchumani
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

As hardware systems continue to grow more complex, formal methods for their design and verification become increasingly important. In this paper, we develop the design and formal specifications for the receiver section of an Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Though no mechanical verification has been done, such a development methodology is essential for formal verification. The emphasis here is on transforming informal specifications into formal ones, and showing how these formal specifications impact the design. The specification process helps us in formulating bounds on the relative drift between the receiver and transmitter clocks. We then develop the design in a top-down manner using a hardware description language which borrows from both APL and PASCAL.
The computerized destruction of western civilization
Authors: R. D. Parslow
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM 1980 annual conference (1980)

The Informatics Revolution is having a more profound effect on civilization than either the Agricultural Revolution or the First Industrial Revolution.
MergeLayouts - Overcoming Faulty Segmentations by a Comprehensive Voting of Commercial OCR Devices
Authors: Stefan Klink, Thorsten Jäger
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

In this paper, we will present a comprehensive voting approach, taking entire layouts obtained from commercial OCR devices as input. Such a layout comprises segments of three kinds: lines, words, and characters. By combining all attributes of a segment (e.g. recognized text, font height etc.), we attain a "better" layout, representing the original page layout as good as possible. The voting process itself is hierarchically organized, starting with the line segments.For each level, a search tree is spawn and all fellow segments (segments from different layouts which denote the same image area) are established. A heuristic search method is utilized which is guided by a similarity measure defined on segments. Deviations in the segmentation, as well as segmentation errors of individual commercial OCR devices, are compensated by an "equalization module".
Through a glass darkly
Authors: P. C. Wood
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 annual conference (1975)

The topic &ldquo;Programming and its implication on programming languages&rdquo; can only be discussed by first defining a context. The opinions expressed are from a context of programming and programming languages as utilized in a non-academic industrial environment. Of particular importance is that this industrial segment produces programs and systems that must meet contractual agreed to specifications. It is this author's position that, within this context, programming has had no impact on programming languages, as the languages certainly do not reflect programming needs and that this situation needs rectification.
Studying the mouse for CAD systems
Authors: Lynne A. Price
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

Four experiments were conducted to test the suitability of the mouse as a pointing device for CAD systems. The experimental tasks included simultaneously pressing more than one button (chording), repeated clicking of a single button, and moving the mouse while one or more buttons are held down. Although subjects did prefer some styles of interaction over others, quantitative measures (completion time and error counts) indicate that people can successfully perform all requested actions. Use of the nonpreferred methods therefore may be appropriate in systems where it is desirable to provide the user with several alternate inputs. Designers who make this decision should be aware, however, that substantial system overhead is required to test for multiple clicking and chording.
An analysis of software project failure
Authors: Joichi Abe, Ken Sakamura, Hideo Aiso
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

The main aim of this paper is to indicate how various losses may be reduced or avoided when the development of software does not proceed according to its schedule; i.e., if what we call &ldquo;bankruptcy&rdquo; occurs. Data were collected from twenty three projects in various types of applications, the projects together containing a million lines of code. The causes of failure in developing software were obtained by interviewing the managers of the projects under observation. Having analysed these two aspects, this paper points out under what circumstances managers are likely to fail and proposes a method of detecting failures in the software development.
The derivative operator
Authors: Kenneth E. Iverson
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1979)

This paper defines a single derivative operator which, together with certain related operators, provides a coherent treatment of many aspects of the derivative including the Jacobian, Laplacian, gradient, divergence, and curl. Working models of all operators are provided in a set of APL functions.
Matrix: An alternate organization structure for the exchange and processing of information
Authors: Jeffery A. Hopkins
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1982)

The issue of job performance has been discussed and researched for many years. Several theories have evolved which attempt to explain why some people are more productive than others. If employees are more productive while using the same resources then the firm will have increased profits. For this reason the firm will utilize the methods suggested by these theories. Technological advances have made the ownership of a computer possible for almost any firm. Larger firms usually have a data processing staff for writing computer programs to support business needs. Many data processing managers have attempted to use the aforementioned theories for increasing programmer productivity. Job performance in a data processing environment is a difficult issue. An understanding of this issue will be helped by defining job performance and then discussing its history and current trends. Data processing and data processing personnel should also be discussed. Current trends in improving programmer productivity as well as one particular alternative should be mentioned.
Computer aided design of printed circuit boards using remote graphics and TSO
Authors: Harvey N. Lerman
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

This paper describes how one company decided upon and obtained the state-of-the-art in designing printed circuit boards with remote graphics through TSO.
A Computer-Aided Design data base
Authors: S. Wong, W. A. Bristol
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

The design and implementation of the data base structures of the Electro-Optical and Data Systems Group's (EDSG) Computer-Aided Design(CAD) system at Hughes Aircraft is introduced and discussed. The design is flexible, yet robust enough to support multiple CAD technologies and to afford easy integration of new capabilities. The current system structure and future plans are presented and discussed.
Evaluating the &ldquo;friendliness&rdquo; of a timesharing system
Authors: Lorraine Borman, Rosemary Karr
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1980)

This paper describes the processes which were developed and used for the evaluation of the user interface, or as it came to be known, the &ldquo;friendliness&rdquo; study [1].
Response Time Preservation: A general technique for developing approximate algorithms for queueing networks
Authors: Subhash C. Agrawal, Jeffrey P. Buzen, Annie W. Shum
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1984)

Response Time Preservation (RTP) is introduced as a general technique for developing approximate analysis procedures for queueing networks. The underlying idea is to replace a subsystem by an equivalent server whose response time in isolation equals that of the entire subsystem in isolation. The RTP based approximations, which belong to the class of decomposition approximations, can be viewed as a dual of the Norton's Theorem approach for solving queueing networks since it matches response times rather than throughputs. The generality of the RTP technique is illustrated by developing solution procedures for several important queueing systems which violate product form assumptions. Examples include FCFS servers with general service times, FCFS servers with different service times for multiple classes, priority scheduling, and distributed systems.
Comments on advantages of the data structure set model
Authors: J. R. Lucking
Venue: Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET (now SIGMOD) workshop on Data description, access and control: Data models: Data-structure-set versus relational (1975)

How tall are men in Edinburgh? The interesting thing about that query is when one considers how one applies it, or how it is applied to a data base. In this particular example let us suppose that the data base represents the population of Scotland. I think the query as expressed is fairly accurate. I am obviously interested in the height of men in Edinburgh. The population of Edinburgh is somewhere round about 200,000. Is the implication of making such a query to a data base system that I want to access 200,000 records in order to calculate the average? I want only to look at some statistically significant number of those records. So when one talks about inventing in an extended kind of DML, some high-level query update language, statements such as average, calculate the average, you are not really expressing the problem. The second query that I want to present is, &ldquo;How many Swahili-speaking nubile blondes are employed as system programmers in Uttoxeter?&rdquo; There are a lot of qualifications that I am obviously referring to in this particular case: personnel records which represent female persons of a particular age expressed by nubile, with a particular color hair or skin or something, by blondes with two other fairly particular attributes, one that they work as system programmers, and that they speak Swahili, which as you know is an African language which very few people in England know. The question is, what do you expect the DBMS to do in order to not only understand the particular query, but implement it. I feel that some of the assumptions that one makes when talking about pure relations or sets, that the language processor that obeys that query needs to know something about the population of Swahili speakers, of blondes, of nubile blondes, of systems programmers, and of people that live in Uttoxeter. There is an awful lot of difference, from the point of view of performance, which of those particular adjectives you are going to look at first, and it makes an awful lot of difference which particular relations you actually declare to a system as being maintained by the system. And that seems to be one of the fundamental assumptions of the relational approach.
On the use of GPSS to model hierarchical control systems in a manufacturing environment
Authors: Ronald J. Degen, Thomas J. Schriber
Venue: Proceedings of the 76 Bicentennial conference on Winter simulation (1976)

The concept of hierarchical, multilevel control systems is reviewed in the context of manufacturing systems, and the strata typically composing such control systems are discussed. The possibility of building simulation models of hierarchical systems, using FORTRAN routines to represent the higher-level strata, and GPSS to model the actual manufacturing steps themselves, is introduced. A hypothetical, nine-product toy-manufacturing system is described, and some of the specific features of a GPSS-FORTRAN package which successfully models this system in accord with hierarchical control principles are indicated. The relative ease of constructing the GPSS-FORTRAN model suggests that there may be substantial potential in this approach for assessing the properties of specific proposed hierarchical control systems. Such models can be used initially to investigate the relative goodness of various control algorithms which are candidates for use in these systems; then, after selection of a specific control algorithm or combination of algorithms, the models can be used further to test and evaluate the control software and data bases created to support the operation of such systems.
The benchmarking, tuning and analytic modeling of VAX/VMS
Authors: Edward D. Lazowska
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1979)

This paper describes a recent experience in benchmarking, tuning and modelling Digital Equipment Corporation's VMS executive running on their VAX-11/780 computer. Although we emphasize modelling here, the three aspects are closely interrelated.
VLSI design methodology workshop
Authors: J. D. Nash
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

Advances in process and lithography technologies in the last five years have presented users of these technologies with a dilemma: our ability to build complex devices is exceeding our ability to effectively design them. Present theory and practice suggests that a solution to this problem is to utilize a well-organized approach to design, layout, and test. Major portions of these approaches, or methodologies, involve the utilization of automation tools.
Symbolic interpretation and tracing of PASCAL-programs
Authors: Guido Persch, Georg Winterstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

In this paper we describe a system for symbolic interpretation and tracing of programs written in PASCAL. We show how the symbolic execution method of King can be extended to handle special PASCAL-features and complex data structures. The system is designed for practical use. It should support the programmer in the modular program development process without bothering him with additional specifications.
Simulation in the design of unit carrier materials handling systems
Authors: W. Wayne Siesennop, Fritz A. Callies, Neal S. Campbell
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Winter simulation (1973)

Unit carriers are used in satisfying many current materials handling needs. A system using this kind of car-on-track hardware can be extensive and complex. This paper discusses the values and benefits of simulation as applied to the design of such a track system. The design of the automatic baggage handling system for the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport is used as an example of such a unit carrier system. Design requirements include input rates of baggage loading stations and car destination patterns over a relatively fixed system geometry. A simulation model is used to evaluate overall performance including empty car availability and minimized network flow. Design of the trackage controls as well as tuning of the entire baggage handling system are aided by use of the model. The results show that simulation is a highly-cost-effective tool for this problem.
A tool for enforcing system structure
Authors: John R. White, Leon Presser
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

Reliability considerations had little influence in the design of the first generation of computers. Notable exceptions being, on the hardware side, some circuitry incorporated into the UNIVAC I for checking purposes, and on the software side, the frequency counts employed by von Neumann and Goldstine for measurement purposes. The second generation of computers witnessed a wider interest in hardware reliability while essentially ignoring the software reliability problem. Current computer systems (e.g., IBM/370) incorporate elaborate hardware reliability considerations in their design while continuing to ignore reliable software design.
Development of numerical control programming languages in Europe
Authors: Benjamin Mittman
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

This paper will review the development of numerical control in the United States and Europe, will summarize the growth of NC programming languages in the United States, and will contrast these developments with current efforts in NC language development and standardization in Western Europe.
Architecture trade-offs in programmable signal processing
Authors: John C. Murtha
Venue: Conference record of the 6th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1973)

This paper presents some of the primary architecture considerations in the design of a programmable signal processor. Six different trade-off areas are considered including type of arithmetic, word length, control and I-O.
Competencies and training requirements for information systems analysts
Authors: Ethel H. Shrout
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth annual SIGCPR conference (1971)

Research findings have always had some significance for the educational community as it sought to be responsive to the need of its citizens for preparation for useful work. This has been especially true, however, since the publication of the Gordon-Howell (1959) and Pierson (1959) reports. These reports support the idea that higher education should prepare a man to do useful and remunerative work; however, they attack narrow vocational objectives as failing to prepare young people to do the most useful, or the most remunerative work of which they are capable (Silk, 1960). If education for business is to serve both its students and the business community, there is need for continuing research to increase empirical knowledge of prevailing business behavior and needs. These findings help provide direction so that overspecialization and overfragmentation of the curriculum may be avoided.
&ldquo;Microprogramming - uses and tradeoffs&rdquo;
Authors: J. M. Galey
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Design Automation Workshop (1972)

An investigation is made as to when, where and whether to use microprogramming in machine design. Various past and current Design Automation techniques for microcode development will be discussed.
State Integrated Information Net (SIINET) a concept
Authors: Donald B. Nowakoski
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM second symposium on Problems in the optimizations of data communications systems (1971)

Requirements for rapid and timely information about the internal operations of State Governments have grown rapidly. A number of applicable techniques have evolved from extensive Department of Defense research and development programs and industrial development projects. These techniques lend themselves to adaptations which apply directly to the State problems. One configuration is an adaptive interactive network with a mix of hardware and disciplines. A suggested system which meets these needs is the State Integrated Information Net (SIINET). It would contain an array of value engineered and performance engineered dedicated subsystems, properly sized computers, appropriately engineered data storage and retrieval, and human engineered terminal configurations. A general discussion of SIINET is given including special provisions such as protection of special access data bases. Three potential major components of SIINET are treated as specific examples. These are the State Record Information System (SRIS), the Ecological Monitor and Control System (EMCS), and the State Crime Information System (SCIS).