ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Convolutional density estimation in hidden Markov models for speech recognition
Authors: S. Matsoukas
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

In continuous density hidden Markov models (HMMs) for speech recognition, the probability density function (PDF) for each state is usually expressed as a mixture of Gaussians. We present a model in which the PDF is expressed as the convolution of two densities. We focus on the special case where one of the convolved densities is a M-Gaussian mixture, and the other is a mixture of N impulses. We present the reestimation formulae for the parameters of the M/spl times/N convolutional model, and suggest two ways for initializing them, the residual K-Means approach, and the deconvolution from a standard HMM with MN Gaussians per state using a genetic algorithm to search for the optimal assignment of Gaussians. Both methods result in a compact representation that requires only /spl Oscr/(M+N) storage space for the model parameters, and O(MN) time for training and decoding. We explain how the decoding time can be reduced to O(M+kN), where k
New Schedulability Conditions for Real-Time Multiframe Tasks
Authors: Wan-Chen Lu, Kwei-Jay Lin, Hsin-Wen Wei, Wei-Kuan Shih
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (2007)

The real-time multiframe task model first studied by Mok and Chen assumes that the computation times of a periodic task vary instance by instance. They have derived an utilization bound for verifying the schedulability of multiframe task sets. Their schedulability test has since been improved by other researchers. In this paper we use the information about the relative period ratios between tasks in a system to derive a new schedulability condition. By considering the smallest and the largest period values in a system, we can show that the RM schedulability bound can be improved significantly. This method also can be applied to other test methods studied earlier to improve the schedulability of real-time multiframe systems.
Writing: a unique strategy designed to bring current topics in science and engineering to non-majors
Authors: T. Larkin-Hein
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (2000)

The paper reports on an ongoing research study designed to address the role of writing in terms of the assessment of student learning. The study to be described involves a new instructional technique for incorporating writing into the curriculum for non-majors. This technique was developed to bring science and engineering topics to the forefront in a new introductory physics course designed exclusively for non-majors at American University in Washington, DC. Participants in this study were enrolled in Physics for the New Millennium during the fall 1999 semester. Throughout the semester, students were exposed to all aspects of preparing a paper for publication including the submission of an abstract, the preparation of a draft of their their paper for a formal review, and finally, the preparation of a revised camera-ready copy for publication in the conference proceedings. Students were also required to present their final papers at the New Millennium Conference at the end of the fall 1999 semester. A summary of the curriculum devised for this writing technique is presented. In addition, links are made to the importance of making science and engineering topics accessible to non-majors through the active process of writing. Students' overall perceptions of this activity are also shared.
Security Oriented e-Infrastructures Supporting Neurological Research and Clinical Trials
Authors: Anthony Stell, Richard Sinnott, Oluwafemi Ajayi, Jipu Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

The neurological and wider clinical domains stand to gain greatly from the vision of the Grid in providing seamless yet secure access to distributed, heterogeneous computational resources and data sets. Whilst a wealth of clinical data exists within local, regional and national healthcare boundaries, access to and usage of these data sets demands that fine grained security is supported and subsequently enforced. This paper explores the security challenges of the e-Health domain, focusing in particular on authorization. The context of these explorations is the MRC funded VOTES (Virtual Organisations for Trials and Epidemiological Studies) and the JISC funded GLASS (Glasgow early adoption of Shibboleth project) which are developing Grid infrastructures for clinical trials with case studies in the brain trauma domain.
WordRank: A Method for Finding Search-Ad Keywords for Internet Merchants
Authors: Zachary Mason
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (2007)

Search engines enable merchants to associate on-line ads with relevant keywords (for instance, through [Adwords].) Both merchants and search engines benefit economically from the merchants having as many appropriate keywords as possible. The space of keywords is large - it is useful to algorithmically generate keywords for merchants. Information about keywords is scarce, but it is known which merchants are bidding on which keywords. This paper describes WordRank, a method for using the bid landscape to infer a metric for keyword/merchant relevance, loosely based on the PageRank[Brin 98] algorithm.
Characterization of graphs which admit vertex-transitive embeddings
Authors: Jozef Širáň, Thomas W. Tucker
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2007)

We present necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph to admit a vertex-transitive embedding on some surface. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 233&ndash;248, 2007
Surprising creativity: a cognitive framework for interactive exhibits designed for children
Authors: Su Zheng, Adrian Bromage, Martin Adam, Stephen AR Scrivener
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity cognition (2007)

Interactive exhibits in museums are providing exciting and dynamic learning experiences with significant potential to stimulate children's creativity. However, current sophisticated interfaces designed to deliver easily accessible information are not teaching the fundamental skills necessarily to foster genuine creative outcomes. The aim of our research is to promote a design methodology that fosters children's creativity, helping them to gain the formative skills necessary to nurture the process of creative learning. There needs to be more encouragement to motivate children's curiosity and the promotion of observational skills that can help them realise the creative possibilities to be derived from everyday experiences. This paper describes the development of the Creative Surprise Model (CSM): a cognitive framework that informs a methodology to support interactive design practitioners. It identifies the motivational link between surprise emotion and the generation of creativity. We demonstrate how it is applied by describing a real life design task.
A Stabilizing Deactivation/Reactivation Protocol
Authors: Mehmet Hakan Karaata, Mohamed G. Gouda
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2007)

Consider a distributed system that delivers a set of services (such as message routing, maintenance of a global invariant, leader election, mutual exclusion, and so forth) to a distributed application. Such a system often provides its services at all times, regardless of whether or not these services are in demand at any given time. This leads to wasteful use of system resources. In this paper, we propose a novel stabilizing protocol for deactivating the system services in the absence of demand and reactivating the services upon demand. The proposed protocol is simple enough. When a process needs a service, it periodically sends messages that reach every other process in the system and causes every process to reactivate the service. For this purpose, only a single-type message carrying no information is sent in the system. When no process needs the service, the sending of messages is stopped, causing every process to deactivate the service. The proposed system has many applications in mobile and sensor networks.
Cosimulation of ITRON-based embedded software with SystemC
Authors: S. Chikada, S. Honda, H. Tomiyama, H. Takada
Venue: Proceedings of the High-Level Design Validation and Test Workshop, 2005. on Tenth IEEE International (2005)

This paper presents an RTOS-centric timed cosimulation with SystemC for embedded system design. In our cosimulation environment, a SystemC simulator and an RTOS kernel model are communicated and synchronized with each other. Our experiment using a JPEG decoder example demonstrates an improvement in cosimulation speed over traditional HDL-based cosimulation.
Improving Pen-Based Mathematical Interfaces
Authors: Stephen Watt
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

Pen-based user interfaces offer tantalizing potential for mathematical software systems. In contrast to normal text, entering and editing mathematical formulae with a digital pen can be much more natural than using a keyboard. Machine recognition of mathematical handwriting, however, is more complex than recognizing natural language text. In this context it is necessary to deal with a vast array of similar symbols and the analysis of the two-dimensional syntactic structure of formulae.
TAVERNS: Visualization and Manipulation of GIS Data in 3D Large Screen Immersive Environments
Authors: Simon Su, William Sherman, Frederick Harris, Mike Dye
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (2006)

Currently there are many software packages that allow analysis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. However, these software packages limit user interaction and exploration of the GIS data to 2- dimensional (2D) interface. Virtual Reality (VR) technology provides a great way for manipulating and visualizing 3-dimensional (3D) data in three dimensions. This paper presents the use of 3D large screen immersive environments for manipulation and interaction of GIS data in creating and editing GIS shapefiles.
Computing relationships: transactional algorithms yield to social networks
Authors: Tony Clear
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2007)

I had a bad email day on October 10 last year. First, a colleague in the States copied me on a response to an email he had just received for a meeting scheduled in New Zealand over a month earlier. The email seemed to have been filtered out by his university's email filter somehow, even though he and my local colleague who originated the email had been in regular contact for some time. The accompanying message read "The sender is not authorized to send to the destination. This can be the result of per host or per recipient filtering". Then I received notification that an email I had sent to Finland some five days earlier had not been received, with the message "Recipient address rejected: Greylisted for 60 seconds (see http:www.joensuu.fi/atteskus/ohjeet/postgrey.html)"...Mes sage could not be delivered for 5 days Message will be deleted from queue". Next came a warning on a message I had sent to Sweden "recipient address rejected: Greylisting in action, please try later... Warning message still undelivered after 4 hours. Will keep trying until message is 5 days old". Well I know that New Zealand is small and far from many other countries, but the thought that we had been globally blacklisted began to enter my mind. Paranoia was setting in...
A comparison of features for speech, music discrimination
Authors: M. J. Carey
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

Several approaches have previously been taken to the problem of discriminating between speech and music signals. These have used different features as the input to the classifier and have tested and trained on different material. In this paper we examine the discrimination achieved by several different features using common training and test sets and the same classifier. The database assembled for these tests includes speech from thirteen languages and music from all over the world. In each case the distributions in the feature space were modelled by a Gaussian mixture model. Experiments were carried out on four types of feature, amplitude, cepstra, pitch and zero-crossings. In each case the derivative of the feature was also used and found to improve performance. The best performance resulted from using the cepstra and delta cepstra which gave an equal error rate (EER) of 1.28. This was closely followed by normalised amplitude and delta amplitude. This however used a much less complex model. The pitch and delta pitch gave an EER of 4% which was better than the zero-crossing which produced an EER of 6%.
An accelerated associates degree program in electronics technology: a case study
Authors: P. R. Schuyler
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 03 (1998)

New England Institute of Technology (NEIT) has implemented an accelerated associates degree program in response to a local company's immediate need for electronics technicians. This paper discusses the observations of an ongoing study to evaluate the effectiveness of accelerated degree programs.
Semantics driven dynamic partial-order reduction of MPI-based parallel programs
Authors: Robert Palmer, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Robert M. Kirby
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Parallel and distributed systems: testing and debugging (2007)

Most distributed parallel programs in the high performance computing (HPC) arena are written using the MPI library. There is growing interest in using model checking for debugging these MPI programs. In this context, partial-order reduction has considerable potential for containing state explosion, given the distributed memory nature of MPI programs. This potential is largely unmet. In this paper, we first define the formal semantics for a non-trivial subset of MPI. We then prove independence theorems based on theformal semantics, paving the way to a semantically clear and general partial-order reduction approach for MPI. Our work describes, for the first time, the exact dependencies between MPI non-blocking send operations and their tests for completion, namely wait and test. We also offer a cleaner solution than in previous works for MPI wildcard receives,a proper handling of which requires knowledge of the future course of computations. We show that Flanagan and Godefroid's dynamic patial-order reduction algorithm offers a natural way to handle the need for future information. Our initial experimental results are encouraging.
On the Spatial Statistics of Optical Flow
Authors: Stefan Roth, Michael J. Black
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision (2007)

We present an analysis of the spatial and temporal statistics of "natural" optical flow fields and a novel flow algorithm that exploits their spatial statistics. Training flow fields are constructed using range images of natural scenes and 3D camera motions recovered from hand-held and car-mounted video sequences. A detailed analysis of optical flow statistics in natural scenes is presented and machine learning methods are developed to learn a Markov random field model of optical flow. The prior probability of a flow field is formulated as a Field-of-Experts model that captures the spatial statistics in overlapping patches and is trained using contrastive divergence. This new optical flow prior is compared with previous robust priors and is incorporated into a recent, accurate algorithm for dense optical flow computation. Experiments with natural and synthetic sequences illustrate how the learned optical flow prior quantitatively improves flow accuracy and how it captures the rich spatial structure found in natural scene motion.
Compositional and holistic quantum computational semantics
Authors: Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara, Roberto Giuntini, Roberto Leporini
Venue: Natural Computing: an international journal (2007)

In quantum computational logic meanings of sentences are identified with quantum information quantities: systems of qubits or, more generally, mixtures of systems of qubits. We consider two kinds of quantum computational semantics: (1) a compositional semantics, where the meaning of a compound sentence is determined by the meanings of its parts; (2) a holistic semantics, which makes essential use of the characteristic "holistic" features of the quantum-theoretic formalism. We prove that the compositional and the holistic semantics characterize the same logic.
Increasing interaction and support in the formal languages and automata theory course
Authors: Susan H. Rodger, Jinghui Lim, Stephen Reading
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (2007)

The introduction of educational software such as JFLAP into the course Formal Languages and Automata (FLA) has created a learning environment with automatic feedback on theoretical topics. In this paper we show how we further increase the interaction in the FLA course with the expansion of additional theoretical topics in JFLAP, and how we have added grading support into JFLAP for instructors.
A General Framework for Overlay Visualization
Authors: Tihomir Piskuliyski, Amruth Kumar
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

If visualization is more effective when accompanied by narration, why not superimpose visualization on narration? This might result in better transfer of learning. We will present a general framework for such superimposed visualization, called overlay visualization. The objectives for the design of our framework are 1) to separate the application from the visualization; and 2) to separate the specification from the rendering. We will describe a few applications of overlay visualization for programming and provide examples from our implementation of overlay visualization for software tutors called problets. The advantages of overlay visualization include: less cognitive load on the learner, and automatic support for both path and state visualization.
A Hybrid Knowledge and Model Approach for Reviewer Assignment
Authors: Yong-Hong Sun, Jian Ma, Zhi-Ping Fan, Jun Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

In R&D project selection, experts (or external reviewers) always play a very important role because their opinions will have great influence on the outcome of the project selection. It is also undoubted that experts with high expertise level will make useful and professional judgments on the projects to be selected. So, how to assign the most appropriate experts to the relevant proposals is a very significant issue. This paper presents a hybrid knowledge and model approach which integrates mathematical decision models with knowledge rules, for the assignment of experts to review of R&D project proposals. The approach can be applied to government funding agencies in China and other countries.
Software Quality, Metrics, Process Improvement, and CMMI: An Interview with Dick Fairley
Authors: Matthew M. Hinkle
Venue: IT Professional (2007)

An expert in the software and process improvement (quality) fields addresses a broad spectrum of software engineering, management, and quality topics.
Don't push me! Collision-avoiding swarms
Authors: T. M. Blackwell, P. Bentley
Venue: Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02 (2002)

This paper examines a particle swarm algorithm which has been applied to the generation of interactive, improvised music. An important feature of this algorithm is a balance between particle attraction to the centre of mass and repulsive, collision avoiding forces. These forces are not present in the classic particle swarm optimisation algorithms. A number of experiments illuminate the nature of these new forces and it is suggested that the algorithm may have applications to dynamic optimisation problems.
Real-time telephone-based speech recognition in the Jupiter domain
Authors: J. R. Glass
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

This paper describes our experiences with developing a real-time telephone-based speech recognizer as part of a conversational system in the weather information domain. This system has been used to collect spontaneous speech data which has proven to be extremely valuable for research in a number of different areas. After describing the corpus we have collected, we describe the development of the recognizer vocabulary, pronunciations, language and acoustic models for this system, the new weighted finite-state transducer-based lexical access component, and report on the current performance of the recognizer under several different conditions. We also analyze recognition latency to verify that the system performs in real-time.
Iso-Map: Energy-Efficient Contour Mapping in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yunhao Liu, Mo Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2007)

Contour mapping is a crucial part of many wireless sensor network applications. Many efforts have been made to avoid collecting data from all the sensors in the network and producing maps at the sink, which is proven to be inefficient. The existing approaches (often aggregation based), however, suffer from heavy transmission traffic and incur large computational overheads on each sensor node. We propose Iso-Map, an energy-efficient protocol for contour mapping, which builds contour maps based solely on the reports collected from intelligently selected "isoline nodes" in wireless sensor networks. Iso-Map achieves high-quality contour mapping while significantly reducing the generated traffic from O(n) to O( n ), where n is the total number of sensor nodes in the field. The per-node computation overhead is also restrained as a constant. We conduct comprehensive trace-driven simulations to verify this protocol, and demonstrate that Iso-Map outperforms the previous approaches in the sense that it produces contour maps of high fidelity with significantly reduced energy cost.
Information Flow in the Peer-Reviewing Process
Authors: Michael Backes, Markus Durmuth, Dominique Unruh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2007)

We investigate a new type of information flow in the electronic publishing process. We show that the use of PostScript in this process introduces serious confidentiality issues. In particular, we explain how the reviewer's anonymity in the peer-reviewing process can be compromised by maliciously prepared PostScript documents. A demonstration of this attack is available. We briefly discuss how this attack can be extended to other document formats as well.