ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On Uncertainty, Ambiguity, and Complexity in Project Management
Authors: Michael T. Pich, Christoph H. Loch, Arnoud De Meyer
Venue: Management Science (2002)

This article develops a model of a project as a payoff function that depends on the state of the world and the choice of a sequence of actions. A causal mapping, which may be incompletely known by the project team, represents the impact of possible actions on the states of the world. An underlying probability space represents available information about the state of the world. Interactions among actions and states of the world determine the complexity of the payoff function. Activities are endogenous, in that they are the result of a policy that maximizes the expected project payoff.A key concept is theadequacy of the available information about states of the world and action effects. We express uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity in terms of information adequacy. We identify three fundamental project management strategies: instructionism, learning, and selectionism. We show that classic project management methods emphasize adequate information and instructionism, and demonstrate how modern methods fit into the three fundamental strategies. The appropriate strategy is contingent on the type of uncertainty present and the complexity of the project payoff function. Our model establishes a rigorous language that allows the project manager to judge the adequacy of the available project information at the outset, choose an appropriate combination of strategies, and set a supporting project infrastructure--that is, systems for planning, coordination and incentives, and monitoring.
Agent-based services for information portals
Authors: Ciarán Bryce, Michel Pawlak, Karsten Tolle, Peter Werner, Roberto Zicari
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

Web portals have a huge importance on today's Internet. Their purpose is to serve as an entry point to information on the Web, by proposing search and classification related services. The usefulness of a Web portal depends directly on the quality of service it offers. This paper presents the SIMAT architecture which exploits a backbone of machines running a secure mobile agent platform to improve quality of service. The agents are programmed to reduce the latency of information retrieval and to support the personalization and security of information search requests.
Metrological measurements and signal processing in SEM based on the model of signal formation
Authors: Alexey I. Chulichkov, Eugene A. Grachev, Dmitry M. Ustinin, Eugene A. Cheremukhin
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

A Monte-Carlo model of an SEM image and spectra formation has been developed. Computer-aided measurement systems theory and morphological image analysis were applied for the signal processing. It is shown that the methods improve detectors' and sensors' characteristics. Morphological analysis increases the accuracy of the objects' size and position measurement.
Teaching operational expertise to "trained novices": the case-based intelligent tutoring system
Authors: Alan Richard Chappell
Venue:  (2003)

Today, and for the foreseeable future, rapid change is a nearly ubiquitous characteristic of complex-dynamic systems. Widespread use of digital technology greatly increases the rate at which systems change and the complexity of systems. Changes in the work environment can degrade even the most skilled practitioner's expertise, creating gaps or misunderstandings in practitioner knowledge. Moreover, such gaps or misunderstanding can significantly affect performance. Under such circumstances, these practitioners, although highly skilled, can sometimes be thought of as trained novices. This research has two primary goals. The first goal is to address the growing training demands of maintaining practitioner expertise by using computer-based training that merges intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) and case-based teaching. The second goal is to implement this new approach in such a way that facilitates the ease and decreases the cost of incorporating new cases as training needs evolve. To address these goals, several components comprise this research. The key component is a conceptual architecture, the Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring System (CBITS). CBITS builds upon the experience and research in both ITS and case-based teaching. The ITS provides a control structure for monitoring individual students and addressing their individual needs. Within that structure, cases provide a method of teaching, using memorable experiences to create focused instruction. Cases also allow tutor content to evolve as the operational environment evolves. Another component of the research, the Georgia Tech Intelligent Tutoring Architecture (GT-ITACS), is a computational implementation of CBITS that separates training and domain knowledge from tutor software. GT-ITACS thus enables rapid and lower cost adoption of new cases into training. Training system implementations of CBITS are relevant in a range of domains in which practitioners interact with complex, technological, and evolving system. Examples include airline maintenance, electronic manufacturing, and telecommunications. In this research, CBITS is implemented as a proof-of-concept tutor for MD-11 pilots. The CBITS case in this implementation is a newly licensed capability of the MD-11 aircraft. This capability introduces a new technique that improves safety but is unfamiliar to experienced pilots. An empirical evaluation of the system with active airline pilots showed that the system provides significantly effective training.
Formulas for Rényi information and related measures for univariate distributions
Authors: S. Nadarajah, K. Zografos
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2003)

In a recent paper Song [J. Stat. Plan. Infer. 93 (2001) 51] considered Rényi information of order λ and established its connection to the loglikelihood. From this relation an intrinsic distribution measure was proposed and analytic expressions of this measure and Rényi information were derived for some standard continuous distributions. In this paper, we derive analytical formulas for Rényi and Shannon entropies, as well as, for Song's measure for 26 flexible families of univariate continuous distributions. We believe that the results presented here will serve as an important reference for scientists and engineers in many areas.
Performance-enhanced Fabry--Perot microcavity structure with a novel non-planar diaphragm
Authors: W. J. Wang, R. M. Lin, T. T. Sun, D. G. Guo, Y. Ren
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

A new Fabry-Perot (FP) microcavity structure with a novel, single and deeply corrugated diaphragm (SDCD) is presented for use as a pressure-sensing element. Both the zero-pressure offset due to the non-planar diaphragm structure and the signal averaging effect caused by the non-planar deflection of the diaphragm in response to an external pressure load are studied. The FP microcavity was fabricated on a single-chip using both surface and bulk micromachining techniques. The theoretical analyses as well as the measurements have shown that the signal-averaging effect can substantially be reduced for the proposed FP microcavity pressure sensor by using the flatness-enhancing diaphragm structure.
Computer science contributions to learning and teaching
Authors: Karl L. Zinn
Venue: ACM SIGCUE Outlook (1971)

At the ACM Annual Conference in 1970 the Special Interest Group on Computer Uses in Education (SlGCUE) organized two sessions on computers in the instructional process. Recommendations for action by computer professionals were formulated and printed in the October issue of the SIGCUE <u>Bulletin on Computer Uses in Education</u> (V4, #5, pp. 26--33). Consistent with program planning for ACM 70 and 71, SIGCUE has organized a session for this year which in part should answer some of the questions raised last year. The <u>Bulletin</u> should again be a vehicle for supplementary statements and reporting of outcomes after the Conference.
On the search of optimal order of variables in the synthesis of switching circuits by cascade technique
Authors: M. I. Grinchuk, V. V. Kochergin
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2004)

A method is offered of transforming switching circuits built by cascade technique with different order of choice of variables to each other. Based on it, an algorithm is created searching the optimal order of choice of variables for the synthesis of switching circuits by cascade technique; this algorithm is more efficient than the independent synthesis of circuits for each order of variables. Creating the algorithm required solving the following problem: find a sequence x1, x2,...,xn!-1 of permutations xi of n variables consisting of cycles of the form (1,2,....,k), such that all the n! products Πi=1m xi, m = 0, 1,...,n! - 1, are distinct.
VLSI architectures for SISO-APP decoders
Authors: Mohammad M. Mansour, Naresh R. Shanbhag
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2003)

Very large scale integration (VLSI) design methodology and implementation complexities of high-speed, low-power soft-input soft-output (SISO) a posteriori probability (APP) decoders are considered. These decoders are used in iterative algorithms based on turbo codes and related concatenated codes and have shown significant advantage in error correction capability compared to conventional maximum likelihood decoders. This advantage, however, comes at the expense of increased computational complexity, decoding delay, and substantial memory overhead, all of which hinge primarily on the well-known recursion bottleneck of the SISO-APP algorithm. This paper provides a rigorous analysis of the requirements for computational hardware and memory at the architectural level based on a tile-graph approach that models the resource-time scheduling of the recursions of the algorithm. The problem of constructing the decoder architecture and optimizing it for high speed and low power is formulated in terms of the individual recursion patterns which together form a tile graph according to a tiling scheme. Using the tile-graph approach, optimized architectures are derived for the various forms of the sliding-window and parallel-window algorithms known in the literature. A proposed tiling scheme of the recursion patterns, called hybrid tiling, is shown to be particularly effective in reducing memory overhead of high-speed SISO-APP architectures. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves savings in area and power in the range of 4.2%-53.1% over state of the art.
Ubiquitous media agents: a framework for managing personally accumulated multimedia files
Authors: Liu Wenyin, Zheng Chen, Fan Lin, Hongjiang Zhang, Wei-Ying Ma
Venue: Multimedia Systems (2003)

A novel idea and framework of ubiquitous media agents is presented for managing personal multimedia objects. Media agents are intelligent systems that can autonomously do the following tasks. They automatically collect and build personalized semantic indices of multimedia data on behalf of the user whenever and wherever he accesses/uses these multimedia data. The sources of these semantic descriptions are the textual context of the same documents that contain these multimedia data. The URLs of these multimedia data are indexed using these textual features. When the user wants to use these multimedia data again, the media agents can help the user find relevant multimedia data and provide proper suggestions based on the semantic indices. The media agents learn from the user's interaction records to refine the semantic indices and to model user intentions and preferences. Various algorithms can be used to implement the framework, and a few of them are described in this paper. As shown in the experiments, the media agents are effective in gathering relevant semantics for media objects and learning to provide precise suggestions when the user wants to reuse relevant media objects again
Fine-grained control of security capabilities
Authors: Dan Boneh, Xuhua Ding, Gene Tsudik
Venue: ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT) (2004)

We present a new approach for fine-grained control over users' security privileges (fast revocation of credentials) centered around the concept of an on-line semi-trusted mediator (SEM). The use of a SEM in conjunction with a simple threshold variant of the RSA cryptosystem (mediated RSA) offers a number of practical advantages over current revocation techniques. The benefits include simplified validation of digital signatures, efficient certificate revocation for legacy systems and fast revocation of signature and decryption capabilities. This paper discusses both the architecture and the implementation of our approach as well as its performance and compatibility with the existing infrastructure. Experimental results demonstrate its practical aspects.
Error Correcting Codes for Crosstalk Effect Minimization
Authors: D. Rossi, S. Cavallotti, C. Metra
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

In this paper we present an analysis of crosstalk effects on busses implementing error correcting codes. We show that the redundancy introduced by these codes can be exploited in order to avoid the worst case crosstalk-induced delay. Our analysis is based on the evaluation of the coupling effective capacitance which need to be charged during bus activity. In particular, we analyze the cases of the Hamming and Dual Rail codes. We show that Hamming codes do not allow us to avoid the most delay costly bus transitions, while this can be the case for Dual Rail codes. Furthermore, we illustrate that, by increasing the redundancy of the Dual Rail code by only one bit, even higher crosstalk-induced delay reductions can be achieved. Finally, we show that a further improvement can be obtained by an optimized placing of the bus wires.
Video summarization based on user log enhanced link analysis
Authors: Bin Yu, Wei-Ying Ma, Klara Nahrstedt, Hong-Jiang Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

Efficient video data management calls for intelligent video summarization tools that automatically generate concise video summaries for fast skimming and browsing. Traditional video summarization techniques are based on low-level feature analysis, which generally fails to capture the semantics of video content. Our vision is that users unintentionally embed their understanding of the video content in their interaction with computers. This valuable knowledge, which is difficult for computers to learn autonomously, can be utilized for video summarization process. In this paper, we present an intelligent video browsing and summarization system that utilizes previous viewers' browsing log to facilitate future viewers. Specifically, a novel ShotRank notion is proposed as a measure of the subjective interestingness and importance of each video shot. A ShotRank computation framework is constructed to seamlessly unify low-level video analysis and user browsing log mining. The resulting ShotRank is used to organize the presentation of video shots and generate video skims. Experimental results from user studies have strongly confirmed that ShotRank indeed represents the subjective notion of interestingness and importance of each video shot, and it significantly improves future viewers' browsing experience.
MIDP 2.0 Security Enhancements
Authors: Otto Kolsi, Teemupekka Virtanen
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 9 - Volume 9 (2004)

Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is a runtime environment for resource-constrained environments. There are already millions of J2ME enabled mobile devices that support the firstversion of the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) in J2ME. Many security threats exist in MIDP 1.0 environment since the specification addresses only a limited number of security issues. It is supposed that the next version of the MIDP will have more secure environment for mobile business and personal applications and solve the important security problems in MIDP 1.0.In this paper, we give short introduction to the J2ME and MIDP environment. Based on existing literature, we explain the threats and security needs in mobile environment for MIDP 1.0 applications. We cover the new security mechanisms and features in MIDP 2.0 and analyze against presented threats, how these address the existing security problems in MIDP 1.0.In this paper we conclude that MIDP 2.0 improves several different issues in MIDP security. Especially the secure network protocols and signed applications are major improvements. We also conclude that there still exist problems in MIDP 2.0 security, mainly related to the PKI that is part of trusted applications and new secure protocols.
Information management in public sector agencies: a context-sensitive conceptual framework of CIO competence
Authors: Maurice W. Green
Venue: Current issues in IT education (2003)

Managerial responsibilities for information technology (IT) have, increasingly, been consolidated in the person of the "chief information officer" (CIO). Despite the increased prevalence of the CIO position, no one model has emerged that explains what can realistically be expected of the CIO in various organizational contexts. This is particularly true of the public-sector CIO. In this chapter, insight into the problems, challenges, and requisite competencies for public-sector CIOs is provided. The conceptual framework of CIO competence presented here is multidimensional and interdisciplinary in nature. In the chapter, the importance of considering the contextual setting in which CIOs operate in understanding the competencies he or she deems critical to the CIO role is illustrated. The competencies deemed critical by CIOs with differing perceptions of the role of IT, as well as those deemed critical by CIOs managing different size IT units, are contrasted. The discussion should inform academicians developing IT management curricula and practitioners engaged in CIO search and development activities.
Supervised learning by means of accuracy-aware evolutionary algorithms
Authors: José C. Riquelme, Jesús S. Aguilar-Ruiz, Carmelo Del Valle
Venue: Information Sciences: an International Journal (2003)

This paper describes a new approach, HIerarchical DEcision Rules (HIDER), for learning generalizable rules in continuous and discrete domains based on evolutionary algorithms. The main contributions of our approach are the integration of both binary and real evolutionary coding; the use of specific operators; the relaxing coefficient to construct more flexible classifiers by indicating how general, with respect to the errors, decision rules must be; the coverage factor in the fitness function, which makes possible a quick expansion of the rule size; and the implicit hierarchy when rules are being obtained. HIDER is accuracy-aware since it can control the maximum allowed error for each decision rule. We have tested our system on real data from the UCI Repository. The results of a 10-fold cross-validation are compared to C4.5's and they show a significant improvement with respect to the number of rules and the error rate.
Electronic commerce and data privacy: the impact of privacy concerns on electronic commerce use and regulatory preferences
Authors: Sandra C. Henderson, Charles A. Snyder, Terry Anthony Byrd
Venue: The economic and social impacts of e-commerce (2003)

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has had a profound effect on the way we conduct business. It has impacted economies, markets, industry structures, and the flow of products through the supply chain. Despite the phenomenal growth of e-commerce and the potential impact on the revenues of businesses, there are problems with the capabilities of this technology. Organizations are amassing huge quantities of personal data about consumers. As a result, consumers are very concerned about the protection of their personal information and they want something done about the problem. This study examined the relationships between consumer privacy concerns, actual e-commerce activity, the importance of privacy policies, and regulatory preference. Using a model developed from existing literature and theory, an online questionnaire was developed to gauge the concerns of consumers. The results indicated that consumers are concerned about the protection of their personal information and feel that privacy policies are important. Consumers also indicated that they preferred government regulation to industry self-regulation to protect their personal information.
A Jump-Diffusion Model for Option Pricing
Authors: S. G. Kou
Venue: Management Science (2002)

Brownian motion and normal distribution have been widely used in the Black--Scholes option-pricing framework to model the return of assets. However, two puzzles emerge from many empirical investigations: the leptokurtic feature that the return distribution of assets may have a higher peak and two (asymmetric) heavier tails than those of the normal distribution, and an empirical phenomenon called "volatility smile" in option markets. To incorporate both of them and to strike a balance between reality and tractability, this paper proposes, for the purpose of option pricing, a double exponential jump-diffusion model. In particular, the model is simple enough to produce analytical solutions for a variety of option-pricing problems, including call and put options, interest rate derivatives, and path-dependent options. Equilibrium analysis and a psychological interpretation of the model are also presented.
Probabilistic Number Theory, the GEM&#x002F;Poisson-Dirichlet Distribution and the Arc-sine Law
Authors: Ulrich Martin Hirth
Venue: Combinatorics, Probability and Computing (1997)

The prime factorization of a random integer has a GEM&#x002F;Poisson-Dirichlet distribution as transparently proved by Donnelly and Grimmett [8]. By similarity to the arc-sine law for the mean distribution of the divisors of a random integer, due to Deshouillers, Dress and Tenenbaum [6] (see also Tenenbaum [24, II.6.2, p. 233]), &ndash; the &lsquo;DDT theorem&rsquo; &ndash; we obtain an arc-sine law in the GEM&#x002F;Poisson-Dirichlet context. In this context we also investigate the distribution of the number of components larger than &epsiv; which correspond to the number of prime factors larger than nε.
Matchmaking Software Agents in B2B Markets
Authors: Aris M. Ouksel, Yair M. Babad, Thomas Tesch
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 7 - Volume 7 (2004)

Software agents, artificial intelligent "representatives" of the interests of supply chain participants, enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce systems that support modern supply chains. The inter-organizational transaction flow starts with a matchmaking process in which suppliers' agents are matched with demanders' agents. The matched agents then negotiate either directly or with the aid of an arbiter. The deal agreed to by the negotiating agents is then executed. The matchmaking andarbitration processes support the achievement of transactions that benefits both sides over many repeated transactions. Matchmaking pairs agents with the least conflicting interests, and arbitration seeks consensus between the negotiating parties within reasonable time and costs while discouraging insincere behavior by the participants. Both processes require a trusted, honest intermediary to achieve appropriate matchmaking and arbiter consensus among all the parties. In this paper we analyze matchmaking in a stable two-sided market, where each seller is matched with a single buyer, and all agents on both sides are matched. We discuss matchmaking in conjunction with arbitration protocols, and analyze their performance throughsimulation.