ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The Future of Identity in the Information Society: Challenges and Opportunities, 1st edition
Authors: Kai Rannenberg, Denis Royer, Andr Deuker
Venue:  (2009)

Digitising personal information is changing our ways of identifying persons and managing relations. What used to be a "natural" identity, is now as virtual as a user account at a web portal, an email address, or a mobile phone number. It is subject to diverse forms of identity management in business, administration, and among citizens. Core question and source of conflict is who owns how much identity information of whom and who needs to place trust into which identity information to allow access to resources. This book presents multidisciplinary answers from research, government, and industry. Research from states with different cultures on the identification of citizens and ID cards is combined towards analysis of HighTechIDs and Virtual Identities, considering privacy, mobility, profiling, forensics, and identity related crime. "FIDIS has put Europe on the global map as a place for high quality identity management research." V. Reding, Commissioner, Responsible for Information Society and Media (EU)
Internationalization and Localization of Websites: Navigation in English Language and Chinese Language Sites
Authors: Helen Petrie, Christopher Power, Wei Song
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Guidelines exist for the internationalization and localization of websites, but these do not mention possible changes in the layout of navigational elements on websites. Two studies were conducted to investigate the importance of navigational layout for Chinese and English language speakers. In the first study it was found that major Chinese and North American/European companies did not significantly adapt the navigation on their websites in relation to the target linguistic/cultural market. In the second study it was found that there were significant difference in the preferences of Chinese and English native speakers for navigational layout on websites. The implications of these studies are discussed.
Keepin' it real: semi-supervised learning with realistic tuning
Authors: Andrew B. Goldberg, Xiaojin Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2009 Workshop on Semi-Supervised Learning for Natural Language Processing (2009)

We address two critical issues involved in applying semi-supervised learning (SSL) to a real-world task: parameter tuning and choosing which (if any) SSL algorithm is best suited for the task at hand. To gain a better understanding of these issues, we carry out a medium-scale empirical study comparing supervised learning (SL) to two popular SSL algorithms on eight natural language processing tasks under three performance metrics. We simulate how a practitioner would go about tackling a new problem, including parameter tuning using cross validation (CV). We show that, under such realistic conditions, each of the SSL algorithms can be worse than SL on some datasets. However, we also show that CV can select SL/SSL to achieve "agnostic SSL," whose performance is almost always no worse than SL. While CV is often dismissed as unreliable for SSL due to the small amount of labeled data, we show that it is in fact effective for accuracy even when the labeled dataset size is as small as 10.
Optimized sinusoid synthesis via inverse truncated fourier transform
Authors: Rade Kutil
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing (2009)

It was shown that sinusoid synthesis can be implemented efficiently by an inverse Fourier transform on consecutive frames where all but a small number of coefficients per oscillator are dropped. This leads to a compromise between computational complexity and approximation accuracy. The method can be improved by two approaches. First, optimal coefficients can be found by minimizing the average approximation error. Second, the optimal window function can be found through an iterative process. The gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is between 10 and 40 dB and can be used to reduce computational complexity while satisfying required synthesis quality.
Resource Minimization Job Scheduling
Authors: Julia Chuzhoy, Paolo Codenotti
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop and 13th International Workshop on Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (2009)

Given a set J of jobs, where each job j is associated with release date r j , deadline d j and processing time p j , our goal is to schedule all jobs using the minimum possible number of machines. Scheduling a job j requires selecting an interval of length p j between its release date and deadline, and assigning it to a machine, with the restriction that each machine executes at most one job at any given time. This is one of the basic settings in the resource-minimization job scheduling, and the classical randomized rounding technique of Raghavan and Thompson provides an O(logn/loglogn)-approximation for it. This result has been recently improved to an $O(\sqrt{\log n})$-approximation, and moreover an efficient algorithm for scheduling all jobs on $O(({\rm \sc OPT})^2)$ machines has been shown. We build on this prior work to obtain a constant factor approximation algorithm for the problem.
Three-dimensional object registration using wavelet features
Authors: Julie S. Chalfant, Nicholas M. Patrikalakis
Venue: Engineering with Computers (2009)

Recent developments in shape-based modeling and data acquisition have brought three-dimensional models to the forefront of computer graphics and visualization research. New data acquisition methods are producing large numbers of models in a variety of fields. Three-dimensional registration (alignment) is key to the useful application of such models in areas from automated surface inspection to cancer detection and surgery. The algorithms developed in this research accomplish automatic registration of three-dimensional voxelized models. We employ features in a wavelet transform domain to accomplish registration. The features are extracted in a multi-resolutional format, thus delineating features at various scales for robust and rapid matching. Registration is achieved by using a voting scheme to select peaks in sets of rotation quaternions, then separately identifying translation. The method is robust to occlusion, clutter, and noise. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated through examples from solid modeling and medical imaging applications.
Challenges in Segmenting the Czech Lateral Liquid
Authors: Radek Skarnitzl
Venue: Cross-Modal Analysis of Speech, Gestures, Gaze and Facial Expressions: COST Action 2102 International Conference Prague, Czech Republic, October 15-18, 2008 Revised Selected and Invited Papers (2009)

The study is part of a larger project focused on defining criteria for manual segmentation. Liquids are typically the most problematic sounds in this respect. We examine various acoustic correlates of the Czech alveolar lateral liquid /l/ and their role in isolating this sound in the acoustic stream. Relative formant intensity turned out to be the most reliable criterion. The results indicate a surprisingly high contribution of F3, whose intensity is often stronger in than in neighbouring vowels. This appears to be a new finding.
A lexically-intensive algorithm for domain-specific knowlegde acquisition
Authors: René Schneider
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint Conferences on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (1998)

This paper is an outline of a statistical learning algorithm for information extraction systems. It is based on a lexically intensive analysis of a small number of texts that belong to one domain and provides a robust lemmatisation of the word forms and the collection of the most important syntagmatic dependencies in weighted regular expressions. The lexical and syntactical knowledge is collected in a very compact knowledge base that enables the analysis of correct and partly incorrect texts or messages, which due to transmission errors, spelling or grammatical mistakes otherwise would have been rejected by conventional systems.
Custom DU®: a web based business user driven automated underwriting system
Authors: Srinivas Krovvidy, Robin Landsman, Steve Opdahl, Nancy Templeton, Sydnor Smalera
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence - Volume 2 (2007)

Custom DU® is an automated underwriting system that enables mortgage lenders to build their own business rules that facilitate assessing borrower eligibility for different mortgage products. Developed by Fannie Mae, Custom DU® has been used since 2004 by several lenders to automate the underwriting of numerous mortgage products. Custom DU® uses rule specification language techniques and a web-based, user-friendly interface for implementing business rules that represent business policy. Via the user interface, lenders can also customize their underwriting findings reports, test the rules that they have defined and publish changes to business rules on a real-time basis, all without any software modifications. The user interface enforces structure and consistency, enabling business users to focus on their underwriting guidelines when converting their business policy to rules. Once a lender has created their rules, loans are routed to the appropriate rulesets and customized, but consistent results are always returned to the lender. Using Custom DU®, lenders can create different rulesets for their products and assign them to different channels of the business, allowing for centralized control of underwriting policies and procedures - even if lenders have decentralized operations.
WILLEM: A Wireless InteLLigent Evacuation Method
Authors: W. H. van Willigen, R. M. Neef, A. van Lieburg, Martijn C. Schut
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (2009)

In this paper we present WILLEM, a system for dynamic evacuation routing in buildings, using a wireless sensor network. Dynamic evacuation routing is the process of dynamically determining the fastest routes to the exits. The routes may be changed in case a fire occurs somewhere.We also present an algorithm for detecting congestions in corridors during evacuation, and a means of providing the people in those congestions an alternative route towards the exit. Each phase of the method is descibed extensively: the deployment of the wireless sensor network, the automatic topology learning of the network and the actual evacuation routing methods. We have built a simulation framework in which all types of evacuation routing can be simulated. The results of our experiments were surprising in the sense that dynamic evacuation routing turned out not to be faster than static evacuation routing in every setup; however, we did find out why this is the case. We also performed some experiments on a real wireless sensor network, in order to find out if our automatic configuration method could work in real life. The results are promising. We also present an algorithm for mapping the learned topology of the wireless sensor network upon a virtual map. This way, the network topology can be visualised – which is an important feature for emergency services.
The effect of registration error on tracking distant augmented objects
Authors: Mark A. Livingston, Zhuming Ai
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2008)

We conducted a user study of the effect of registration error on performance of tracking distant objects in augmented reality. Categorizing error by types that are often used as specifications, we hoped to derive some insight into the ability of users to tolerate noise, latency, and orientation error. We used measurements from actual systems to derive the parameter settings. We expected all three errors to influence users’ ability to perform the task correctly and the precision with which they performed the task. We found that high latency had a negative impact on both performance and response time. While noise consistently interacted with the other variables, and orientation error increased user error, the differences between “high” and “low” amounts were smaller than we expected. Results of users’ subjective rankings of these three categories of error were surprisingly mixed. Users believed noise was the most detrimental, though statistical analysis of performance refuted this belief. We interpret the results and draw insights for system design.
Revisiting the Problem of Weight Initialization for Multi-Layer Perceptrons Trained with Back Propagation
Authors: Stavros Adam, Dimitrios Alexios Karras, Michael N. Vrahatis
Venue: Advances in Neuro-Information Processing: 15th International Conference, ICONIP 2008, Auckland, New Zealand, November 25-28, 2008, Revised Selected Papers, Part II (2009)

One of the main reasons for the slow convergence and the suboptimal generalization results of MLP (Multilayer Perceptrons) based on gradient descent training is the lack of a proper initialization of the weights to be adjusted. Even sophisticated learning procedures are not able to compensate for bad initial values of weights, while good initial guess leads to fast convergence and or better generalization capability even with simple gradient-based error minimization techniques. Although initial weight space in MLPs seems so critical there is no study so far of its properties with regards to which regions lead to solutions or failures concerning generalization and convergence in real world problems. There exist only some preliminary studies for toy problems, like XOR. A data mining approach, based on Self Organizing Feature Maps (SOM), is involved in this paper to demonstrate that a complete analysis of the MLP weight space is possible. This is the main novelty of this paper. The conclusions drawn from this novel application of SOM algorithm in MLP analysis extend significantly previous preliminary results in the literature. MLP initialization procedures are overviewed along with all conclusions so far drawn in the literature and an extensive experimental study on more representative tasks, using our data mining approach, reveals important initial weight space properties of MLPs, extending previous knowledge and literature results.
Animated Demonstrations: Evidence of Improved Performance Efficiency and the Worked Example Effect
Authors: David Lewis, Ann Barron
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of animated demonstrations, to determine if those using animated demonstrations would exhibit the worked example effect [1], and a delayed performance decrement, described as Palmiter's animation deficit [2], [3]. The study measured relative condition efficiency (RCE) [4] and developed a construct called performance efficiency (PE). Results revealed the animated demonstration groups assembled the week one problem in significantly less time than the practice group, providing evidence for the worked example effect with animated demonstrations. In addition, subjects from the demonstration groups were significantly more efficient (given performance efficiency) than those from the practice group. Finally, group performance did not differ a week later, providing no evidence of Palmiter's animation deficit.
The Study of Universal Design "Make the Best Use of Everything" and Sustainable Development
Authors: Yongxiang Liu, Nan Jiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 03 (2009)

The concept of sustainable development requires human to adjust their life style for their goal of a persistent develop, meanwhile, to ascertain a consumption standard under the affordable scope of ecosystem. With the forming of the Aging society and further developing, Universal design, in the process of spark plugging and popularizing “Public Goods”, replanning the consumption of social resource, conforming the requirement of Sustainable development with the concept of “make the best use of everything”, and achieving the goal of environmental resources using effectively from the root.
Transient distributed parameter electrical analogous model of TE devices
Authors: Daniel Mitrani, Jordi Salazar, Antoni Turó, Miguel J. García, Juan A. Chávez
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

This paper describes a one-dimensional distributed parameter transient model for thermoelectric devices implemented using analogies between the thermal and electrical domains, where thermal variables are described by their electrical analogues. The resulting electrical network can be tested by means of an electrical simulation tool such as SPICE. This approach facilitates simulation of a thermoelectric module and its interconnections with electronic control circuits and other thermal elements under varying boundary and initial conditions. Capabilities of the model are illustrated from simulations carried out for a free-standing thermoelectric element during the pulse cooling operation. Simulation results fit well with those obtained using other models reported in the literature as well as with numerical solutions.
Analysis of Rotor Rubbing Fault Signal Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform
Authors: Ling Xiang, Guiji Tang, Aijun Hu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 01 (2009)

Vibration problems in rotors can be extremely frustrating and may lead to greatly reduced reliability. By utilizing the proper data collection and analysis techniques, the faults because of vibration can be discovered and predicted. The time-frequency analysis by Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) plays on a significant role in the analysis of singularities, which hide in the signal, and is an effective method for non-stationary signal. The experiment data of rubbing vibration faults signal were analyzed by the method, and the result shows that the proposed method can not only reveal the time-frequency features of vibration signal but also extrude components of low energy. Local rubbing faults can be accurately diagnosed in good time by applying HHT. Therefore, it is a very effective tool to diagnose the early faults of rotor system. And it provides new means for state detection and fault diagnosis of rotating machine.
Algorithms for Energy Saving
Authors: Susanne Albers
Venue: Efficient Algorithms: Essays Dedicated to Kurt Mehlhorn on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday (2009)

Energy has become a scarce and expensive resource. There is a growing awareness in society that energy saving is a critical issue. This paper surveys algorithmic solutions to reduce energy consumption in computing environments. We focus on the system and device level. More specifically, we study power-down mechanisms as well as dynamic speed scaling techniques in modern microprocessors.
Strategic Safety Stocks in Supply Chains with Evolving Forecasts
Authors: Tor Schoenmeyr, Stephen C. Graves
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2009)

We examine the placement of safety stocks in a supply chain for which we have an evolving demand forecast. Under assumptions about the forecasts, the demand process, and the supply chain structure, we show that safety-stock placement for such systems is effectively equivalent to the corresponding well-studied problem for systems with stationary demand bounds and base-stock policies. Hence, we can use existing algorithms to find the optimal safety stocks. We use a case study with real data to demonstrate that there are significant benefits from the inclusion of the forecast process when determining the optimal safety stocks. We also conduct a computational experiment to explore how the placement and size of the safety stocks depend on the nature of the forecast evolution process.
Eliminating contour line artefacts by using constrained edges
Authors: Ivana Kolingerová, Matyáš Dolák, Václav Strych
Venue: Computers Geosciences (2009)

Contour lines are an important means of cartographical visualization. If computed automatically on a triangulation, they contain many artefacts. This paper shows the results of their elimination by using constrained edges in the triangulation. Constrained edges can be inserted either manually by an editor - which enables all kinds of detected artefacts to be improved manually - or automatically for some kinds of artefacts only. We present a survey of detected artefacts, evaluation of the Delaunay and greedy triangulations as to the number and kind of contour line artefacts, examples of achievements using manual placement of constrained edges and two algorithms suitable for automatic detection and removal of artefacts caused by flat triangle areas. According to our results, problems are not completely removed but the number of problematic areas is decreased substantially.
Camparation of Logistics Organization Models under the Circumstance of E-commerce
Authors: Fang Huang, Songdong Ju
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 01 (2009)

In recent years, many new logistics organization models (LOMs) emerged at the tactical and operational levels. In order to provide a vehicle for dynamic modeling and analysis of logistics organization operations in vague and uncertain environments, we assess different forms of existing organizations when a store-based sales network coexists with a web site order network. Three main organizational models can be detected: "store-picking", "dedicated warehouse-picking" and "drop-shipping". We compare the profit and cost of these different models throughout these logistics organizations. The results show that we can adopt an economic logistics organization corresponding to the size of the market.
Pareto optimality in abstract argumentation
Authors: Iyad Rahwan, Kate Larson
Venue: Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1 (2008)

Since its introduction in the mid-nineties, Dung's theory of abstract argumentation frameworks has been influential in artificial intelligence. Dung viewed arguments as abstract entities with a binary defeat relation among them. This enabled extensive analysis of different (semantic) argument acceptance criteria. However, little attention was given to comparing such criteria in relation to the preferences of self-interested agents who may have conflicting preferences over the final status of arguments. In this paper, we define a number of agent preference relations over argumentation outcomes. We then analyse different argument evaluation rules taking into account the preferences of individual agents. Our framework and results inform the mediator (e.g. judge) to decide which argument evaluation rule (i.e. semantics) to use given the type of agent population involved.