ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Strategyproof mechanisms towards dynamic topology formation in autonomous networks
Authors: Selwyn Yuen, Baochun Li
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2005)

In autonomous networks, cooperations among nodes cannot be assumed, since each node is capable of making independent decisions based on their personal preferences. In particular, when a node needs the help of intermediate nodes to relay messages to other nodes, these intermediaries may be reluctant to contribute their network resource for the benefit of others. Ideally, the right amount of incentives should be provided to motivate cooperations among autonomous nodes so that a mutually beneficial network results. In this paper, we leverage the power of mechanism design in microeconomics to design a distributed incentive mechanism that motivates each node towards a more desirable network topology. Since network parameters and constraints change dynamically in reality, the desirable topology can vary over time. Our solution presented in this paper has successfully encompassed such a dynamic nature of the network topology. In addition, we have transformed our solution to an easy-to-implement distributed algorithm, that converges towards the globally optimal topology.
Evaluating a Geovisualization Prototype with Two Approaches: Remote Instructional vs. Face-to-Face Exploratory
Authors: Stephanie Larissa Marsh, Jason Dykes, Fenia Attilakou
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

Two evaluations of a prototype designed to help expert users visualize key census statistics are conducted. The results yielded are compared in terms of usability issues, task completion (interaction) and ideation facilitated. Ways in which this information may be affected by the use of different data collection techniques, participants and tasks are considered. We report differences in the results of the evaluations in each of the three areas and suggest that flexible and non-disruptive methods be used to investigate whether geovisualization tools can support knowledge construction. We recommend using exploratory tasks, employing 'think aloud' strategies, requiring users to suggest and explain hypotheses and using screen capture to contextualise the data collected.
BioFacets: Faceted Classification for Biological Information
Authors: M. Mahoui, Z. B. Miled, A. Godse, H. Kulkarni, N. Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2006)

Biologists are increasingly relying on online biological databases to conduct their research. Despite the availability of hundreds of such databases, only a handful of them are effectively deployed by the community. The main reason for this is the lack of metadata provided by the databases, such as, the types of data stored, its coverage, and its relationship with other databases. Nevertheless, each database has a potential for supporting existing research investigations. The opportunity to leverage the wealth of data available presents several challenges related to data integration and representation. In this paper, we present BioFacets, a new integration system for web based biological databases. The main feature of this system is the proposal of a new faceted classification system that allows for dynamic categorization of biological result sets. Other features of the system include query optimization, cache management and support for a meta-search engine that allows the system to efficiently search across multiple online biological databases.
Approximating multi-skill blocking systems by hyperexponential decomposition
Authors: Geert Jan Franx, Ger Koole, Auke Pot
Venue: Performance Evaluation (2006)

We consider multi-class blocking systems in which jobs require a single processing step. There are groups of servers that can each serve a different subset of all job classes. The assignment of jobs occurs according to some fixed overflow policy. We are interested in the blocking probabilities of each class. This model can be used for call centers, tele-communication and computer networks. An approximation method is presented that takes the burstiness of the overflow processes into account. This is achieved by assuming hyperexponential distributions of the inter-overflow times. The approximations are validated with simulation and we make a comparison to existing approximation methods. The overall blocking probability turns out to be approximated with high accuracy by several methods. However, the individual blocking probabilities per class are significantly more accurate for the method that is introduced in this paper.
View Integration in Data Warehouse Design Using Typed Abstract State Machines and Strong Data Refinement
Authors: Hui Ma, Klaus-Dieter Schewe, Jane Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

View Integration is known to be a decisive part of data warehouse design. It has also been shown that the use of formal methods such as Abstract State Machines (ASMs) can contribute to high-quality designs, in particular, if standard refinements can be exploited. In this paper we continue a direction of research that exploits a typed version of ASMs for this purpose in order to be able to preserve the advantages that arise from using declarative languages. In order to support schema dominance we also employ a restricted notion of refinement, which we call strong data refinement. In particular, we show how view integration can be supported by standard refinement rules.
Selective Attention Modulates Neural Substrates of Repetition Priming and "Implicit" Visual Memory: Suppressions and Enhancements Revealed by fMRI
Authors: Patrik Vuilleumier, Sophie Schwartz, Stéphanie Duhoux, Raymond J. Dolan, Jon Driver
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Attention can enhance processing for relevant information and suppress this for ignored stimuli. However, some residual processing may still arise without attention. Here we presented overlapping outline objects at study, with subjects attending to those in one color but not the other. Attended objects were subsequently recognized on a surprise memory test, whereas there was complete amnesia for ignored items on such direct explicit testing; yet reliable behavioral priming effects were found on indirect testing. Event-related fMRI examined neural responses to previously attended or ignored objects, now shown alone in the same or mirror-reversed orientation as before, intermixed with new items. Repetition-related decreases in fMRI responses for objects previously attended and repeated in the same orientation were found in the right posterior fusiform, lateral occipital, and left inferior frontal cortex. More anterior fusiform regions also showed some repetition decreases for ignored objects, irrespective of orientation. View-specific repetition decreases were found in the striate cortex, particularly for previously attended items. In addition, previously ignored objects produced some fMRI response increases in the bilateral lingual gyri, relative to new objects. Selective attention at exposure can thus produce several distinct long-term effects on processing of stimuli repeated later, with neural response suppression stronger for previously attended objects, and some response enhancement for previously ignored objects, with these effects arising in different brain areas. Although repetition decreases may relate to positive priming phenomena, the repetition increases for ignored objects shown here for the first time might relate to processes that can produce "negative priming" in some behavioral studies. These results reveal quantitative and qualitative differences between neural substrates of long-term repetition effects for attended versus unattended objects.
A general performance model interchange format
Authors: Peter G. Harrison, Catalina M. Lladó, Ramon Puigjaner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

A common, XML-based interface between specifications of quantitative system models and programmed solutions is developed and illustrated with several examples. It is based on the PMIF (Performance Model Interchange Format), which allows queueing network models to be specified in XML and solved by calling any appropriate modelling tool, such as Qnap. The definition of PMIF specifications is generalised by considering more abstract collections of interacting nodes, using concepts compatible with the Reversed Compound Agent Theorem (RCAT). The interactions are more general in that they synchronise transitions in a pair of nodes rather than being restricted to describing traffic flows. The generalised nodes are characterised by the interactions in which they participate, together with their rates and reversed rates, which may be implicit. In this way, generalised queueing networks with negative customers and triggers can be incorporated and fixpoint models can also be handled uniformly through the use of symbolic variables.
The Representation of Objects in the Human Occipital and Temporal Cortex
Authors: Alumit Ishai, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Alex Martin, James V. Haxby
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2000)

Recently, we identified, using fMRI, three bilateral regions in the ventral temporal cortex that responded preferentially to faces, houses, and chairs [Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A., Schouten, J. L., & Haxby, J. V. (1999). Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 96, 9379-9384]. Here, we report differential patterns of activation, similar to those seen in the ventral temporal cortex, in bilateral regions of the ventral occipital cortex. We also found category-related responses in the dorsal occipital cortex and in the superior temporal sulcus. Moreover, rather than activating discrete, segregated areas, each category was associated with its own differential pattern of response across a broad expanse of cortex. The distributed patterns of response were similar across tasks (passive viewing, delayed matching) and presentation formats (photographs, line drawings). We propose that the representation of objects in the ventral visual pathway, including both occipital and temporal regions, is not restricted to small, highly selective patches of cortex but, instead, is a distributed representation of information about object form. Within this distributed system, the representation of faces appears to be less extensive as compared to the representations of nonface objects.
Evaluation of Adaptive Computing Concepts for Classical ERP Systems and Enterprise Services
Authors: Martin Wimmer, Valentin Nicolescu, Daniel Gmach, Matthias Mohr, Alfons Kemper, Helmut Krcmar
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

To ensure the operability and reliability of large scale Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP), a peak-load oriented hardware sizing is often used. Better utilization can be achieved by employing an adaptive infrastructure based on smaller computational units in combination with an intelligent allocation management. The SAP University Competence Center (German SAP HCC) at the Technische Universit ät München provides support for 55 ERP training systems. The evaluation of the historical load data revealed that many applications exhibit cyclical resource consumption. In this paper we show the extraction of load patterns and present self-organizing controlling concepts in the context of the SAP HCC.
Large scale colour ontology generation with XO
Authors: Laurent Lefort, Kerry Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 Australasian Ontology Workshop - Volume 58 (2005)

The semantic integration of web services requires scalable and shareable ontology engineering solutions. In this context, we need a repeatable ontology construction process to produce domain and mapping knowledge between heterogeneous knowledge resources. We need a solution to reuse the community standards already defined for specific application areas without breaking the traceability chain between the original resource and its ontology equivalent. We aim to support active communities of domain specialists which already produce useful knowledge on the web, and to encourage them to publish in the Web Ontology Language, OWL, as well as in their original format of choice. Our solution is to automatically generate XSL code for the conversion from XML to OWL out of a more compactly written stylesheet, to facilitate the work of the ontologist or domain specialist. We present here a practical example based on colours to show how our approach can be applied to a relatively large collection of concepts and to discuss some of the ontology engineering challenges and design decisions. We provide an overview of the resources we have selected, analyse key features of the resulting ontology vs. a prominent colour online resource, the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus and discuss the benefits of our approach.
Incorporating an EPR system with a Universal Patient Record
Authors: Michael R. McGuire
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2006)

Electronic Patient Record (EPR), systems could be built or changed to share a distributed universal patient medical record that would benefit health care in many ways.
Participatory ergonomics using VR integrated with analysis tools
Authors: Imtiyaz Shaikh, Uma Jayaram, Sankar Jayaram, Craig Palmer
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

This paper presents our work on the integrated use of simulation tools in real time for participatory occupational ergonomic studies. The focus of this paper is a synergistic system that consists of an interactive immersive simulation tool that has been developed in-house and integrated with a commercial human modeling simulation system, Jack&trade;. The impetus of the real-time integration is to allow the complementary use of two powerful simulation tools by allowing the user to perform the task naturally in an immersive environment, while the body posture information is continuously and automatically passed to the human modeling system for a continuous (and not discrete) analysis of the participatory ergonomic issues under consideration. This facilitates integration of ergonomic issues early in the design and planning phases of workplace layouts, even where the physical facility does not exist. The proposed integration is demonstrated using a manufacturing example.
Fair Dice: A Tilt and Motion-Aware Cube with a Conscience
Authors: Kristof Van Laerhoven, Hans-Werner Gellersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International ConferenceWorkshops on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)

As an example of sensory augmentation of a tiny object, a small cube-sized die is presented that perceives rolls and records what face it lands on. It is thus able to detect bias for unfair behaviour due to its physical imperfections. On a deeper level, this case study demonstrates the integration of energy-efficient sensor fusion, combination of classifiers, and a wireless interface to adaptive classification heuristics.
Noninterference in the Presence of Non-Opaque Pointers
Authors: Daniel Hedin, David Sands
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations (2006)

A common theoretical assumption in the study of information flow security in Java-like languages is that pointers are opaque - i.e., that the only properties that can be observed of pointers are the objects to which they point, and (at most) their equality. These assumptions often fail in practice. For example, various important operations in Java's standard API, such as hashcodes or serialization, might break pointer opacity. As a result, information-flow static analyses which assume pointer opacity risk being unsound in practice, since the pointer representation provides an unchecked implicit leak. We investigate information flow in the presence of non-opaque pointers for an imperative language with records, pointer instructions and exceptions, and develop an information flow aware type system which guarantees noninterference.
An Information Security Engineering Paradigm for Overcoming Information Security Crisis
Authors: Yeun-hee Jei, Ick-whan Bae, Sung-ja Choi, Gang-soo Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

The information security crisis should be overcame by means of information security engineering paradigm. However, definition, approach and paradigm on security engineering are not clear yet. In this paper we survey on definitions on security engineering, and propose a new definition and paradigm. Approaches and research topics on security engineering, to overcome the security crisis, modeled and described. Results of paper are useful for establishing consensus on security engineering in community of information security and cryptography.
Invariants of Passive Infrared Polarization Transformations
Authors: Firooz A. Sadjadi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

The use of polarization-sensitive sensors is being explored in a variety of applications. Polarization diversity has been shown to improve in a significant way the performance of the automatic target detection and recognition. However, it also brings out the problems associated with processing and storing more data and the problem of calibration of the polarimetric sensors themselves and the problem of dealing with polarimetric signatures that subject to transmission path turbulence and distortionsions. In this paper, we present techniques for extracting attributes that are invariant under polarization transformations. The polarimetric signatures are represented in terms of the components of the Stokes vector. The cases associated with passive infrared polarimetry are considered. In theses cases, invariant algebra are used to extract the target-related attributes that are invariant to the affine transformation of the polarization coordinate systems. Experimental resuls are provided.
Estimating Mixing Factors Simultaneously in Multilinear Tensor Decomposition for Robust Face Recognition and Synthesis
Authors: Sung Won Park, Marios Savvides
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

Facial images change appearance due to multiple factors such as poses, lighting variations, facial expressions, etc. Tensor approach, an extension of conventional matrix, is appropriate to analyze facial factors since tensors make it possible to construct multilinear models using a multiple factor structure. We use higher-order tensors to model multiple factors of facial variations, but this provides some difficulty in use. First, it is difficult to decompose the multiple factors of a test image, especially when the factor parameters are unknown or are not in the training set. Second, for face recognition and face synthesis tasks, it is also difficult to construct reliable multilinear models which have more than two factors. In this paper, we propose a novel tensor factorization method to decompose mixing factors for unseen test images. We set up tensor factorization problem as a least squares problems with a quadratic equality constraint, and solve it using numerical optimization techniques. The novelty in our approach compared to previous work is that our tensor factorization method does not require any knowledge or assumption of test images; we can attain parameters of facial factors by our tensor factorization method. We have conducted several experiments to show the versatility of the method for both face recognition and synthesis tasks. Thus, we demonstrate the proposed method produces reliable results for trilinear models as well as bilinear models.
A Computational Model of How the Basal Ganglia Produce Sequences
Authors: Gregory S. Berns, Terrence J. Sejnowski
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1998)

We propose a systems-level computational model of the basal ganglia based closely on known anatomy and physiology. First, we assume that the thalamic targets, which relay ascending information to cortical action and planning areas, are tonically inhibited by the basal ganglia. Second, we assume that the output stage of the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), selects a single action from several competing actions via lateral interactions. Third, we propose that a form of local working memory exists in the form of reciprocal connections between the external globus pallidus (GPe) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). As a test of the model, the system was trained to learn a sequence of states that required the context of previous actions. The striatum, which was assumed to represent a conjunction of cortical states, directly selected the action in the GP during training. The STN-to-GP connection strengths were modified by an associative learning rule and came to encode the sequence after 20 to 40 iterations through the sequence. Subsequently, the system automatically reproduced the sequence when cued to the first action. The behavior of the model was found to be sensitive to the ratio of the striatal-nigral learning rate to the STN-GP learning rate. Additionally, the degree of striatal inhibition of the globus pallidus had a significant influence on both learning and the ability to select an action. Low learning rates, which would be hypothesized to reflect low levels of dopamine, as in Parkinson's disease, led to slow acquisition of contextual information. However, this could be partially offset by modeling a lesion of the globus pallidus that resulted in an increase in the gain of the STN units. The parameter sensitivity of the model is discussed within the framework of existing behavioral and lesion data.
A ball tracking framework for broadcast soccer video
Authors: Xinguo Yu, Changshen Xu, Qi Tian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

It is challenging to detect and track the ball from the broadcast soccer video. The feature-based tracking method to judge if a sole object is a target are inadequate because the features of the balls change fast over frames and we cannot differ the ball from other objects by them. This paper proposes a new framework to find the ball position by creating and analyzing the trajectory. The ball trajectory is obtained from the candidate collection by use of the heuristic false candidate reduction, the Kalman filter-based trajectory mining, and the trajectory evaluation. The ball trajectory is extended via a localized Kalman filter-based model matching procedure. The experimental results on two consecutive 1000-frame sequences illustrate that the proposed framework is very effective and can obtain a very high accuracy that is much better than existing methods.
SVD Based Blind Video Watermarking Algorithm
Authors: Wenhai Kong, Bian Yang, Di Wu, Xiamu Niu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

In this paper, a new blind video watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the Singular Value Decomposition. The watermarks can be detected without the original video or any other information of the original singular values. Experiments show that the algorithm bears desirable robustness on MPEG-2 compression, median filtering, small rescaling, and rotation, etc.