ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Interactive Pattern Recognition: Techniques and Systems
Authors: Y. T. Chien
Venue: Computer (1976)

Pattern recognition is not a new subject. Its principles and methodologies have influenced the course of technological development for many years in almost every knowledge-based field. To some fields, pattern recognition is a major tool for problem- solving, capable of producing dramatic results. To others, it has been accompanied by failure and disappointment. Despite the mixed results, however, pattern recognition has continued to be a fascinating field of research and development in its own right. This is evidenced by the growing list of activities, academic and industrial alike, relating to pattern recognition work. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Microprogrammed control unit (MCU) programming reference manual
Authors: John D. Roberts,  Jr., J. Ihnat, W. R. Smith,  Jr.
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1972)

The MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) is a high-speed, executive, input-output (I/O) processor and interrupt handler for the NRL Signal Processing Element (SPE), a part of the All Applications Digital Computer (AADC). It is the job of the MCU to supervise all SPE elements and to direct and initiate all data transfers between these elements. Referring to Fig. 1, one can see that the MCU directs the SPAU (Signal Processing Arithmetic Unit) and the CC's (Channel Controllers) via the Z bus, and communicates with up to 8 buffer memories over its two channels to the SCU (Storage Control Unit). To better understand the importance of the MCU, one needs to briefly examine the functions of the other SPE elements.
Identifying Crosscutting Concerns Using Fan-In Analysis
Authors: Marius Marin, Arie Van Deursen, Leon Moonen
Venue: ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) (2007)

Aspect mining is a reverse engineering process that aims at finding crosscutting concerns in existing systems. This article proposes an aspect mining approach based on determining methods that are called from many different places, and hence have a high fan-in, which can be seen as a symptom of crosscutting functionality. The approach is semiautomatic, and consists of three steps: metric calculation, method filtering, and call site analysis. Carrying out these steps is an interactive process supported by an Eclipse plug-in called FINT. Fan-in analysis has been applied to three open source Java systems, totaling around 200,000 lines of code. The most interesting concerns identified are discussed in detail, which includes several concerns not previously discussed in the aspect-oriented literature. The results show that a significant number of crosscutting concerns can be recognized using fan-in analysis, and each of the three steps can be supported by tools.
Locating data sources in large distributed systems
Authors: Leonidas Galanis, Yuan Wang, Shawn R. Jeffery, David J. DeWitt
Venue: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29 (2003)

Querying large numbers of data sources is gaining importance due to increasing numbers of independent data providers. One of the key challenges is executing queries on all relevant information sources in a scalable fashion and retrieving fresh results. The key to scalability is to send queries only to the relevant servers and avoid wasting resources on data sources which will not provide any results. Thus, a catalog service, which would determine the relevant data sources given a query, is an essential component in efficiently processing queries in a distributed environment. This paper proposes a catalog framework which is distributed across the data sources themselves and does not require any central infrastructure. As new data sources become available, they automatically become part of the catalog service infrastructure, which allows scalability to large numbers of nodes. Furthermore, we propose techniques for workload adaptability. Using simulation and real-world data we show that our approach is valid and can scale to thousands of data sources.
Stare 2-A Graphical Hard-Copy System
Authors: P. G. Dowd
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1973)

A short-turnaround graphical hard-copy system called Stare 2 has been designed and is in use at Bell Telephone Laboratories. It produces prints using a 1024x1436 matrix of overlapping dots on 11-by 17-in paper, at a speed of 2 to 10 prints per min. The system is connected to a large central computer (IBM System/370 Model 165), thus making pictures available within seconds of a program run. The output mechanism is a Gould Clevite 4800 electrographic printer with the stylus assembly modified to permit overlapping dots. A DEC PDP-15 computer controls the printer and also converts the data to the format required to drive the printer. Output may be produced at a location remote from the central computer since the connection to the hard-copy system is via a 2000-Bd transmission system.
Interchange Formats for Performance Models: Experimentation and Ouput
Authors: Connie U. Smith, Catalina M. Llado, Ramon Puigjaner, Lloyd G. Williams
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (2007)

XML-based interchange formats for performance models provide a mechanism whereby performance model information may be transferred among modeling tools. For example, the PMIF allows diverse tools to exchange queueing network model information. Formats have also been defined for the interchange of LQN, UML, Petri Nets, and others. These formats specify the model and a set of parameters for one run. For model studies, however, it is useful to be able to specify multiple runs, or experiments, for the model. This paper presents an XML interchange schema extension for defining a set of model runs and the output desired from them. It has the expressive power to specify iterations, alternations, assignments of values, actions based on model results and more. Examples illustrate how the experiment interchange extension can be used with a wide variety of performance modeling paradigms. A prototype proves the concept.
A Fuzzy Model for Selecting Software
Authors: Hsuan-Shih Lee, Min-Hua Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 03 (2007)

A fuzzy AHP model is proposed in this paper for the selection of software. Since the priorities of selection criteria obtained by traditional fuzzy AHP are dependent, in stead of normalizing priorities and aggregating the performance of software by simple weighted average, in this paper we propose a nonadditive aggregation method based on fuzzy integral to aggregate the performance of software.
A Review of Network Security
Authors: El-Sayed M. El-Alfy
Venue: IEEE Distributed Systems Online (2007)

A review of Introduction to Network Security by Neal Krawetz
A survey of static analysis methods for identifying security vulnerabilities in software systems
Authors: M. Pistoia, S. Chandra, S. J. Fink, E. Yahav
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2007)

In this paper we survey static analysis methods for identifying security vulnerabilities in software systems. We cover three areas that have been associated with sources of security vulnerabilities: access-control, information-flow, and application-programming-interface conformance. Because access control mechanisms fall into two major categories, stack-based access control and role-based access control, we discuss static analysis techniques for these two areas of access control separately. Similarly, security violations pertaining to information flow consist of integrity violations and confidentiality violations, and consequently, our discussion of static analysis techniques for information-flow vulnerabilities includes these two topics. For each type of security vulnerability we present our findings in two parts: in the first part we describe recent research results, and in the second part we illustrate implementation techniques by describing selected static analysis algorithms.
Enhancing Requirements Engineering Activities through the Use of Mobile Technology Devices and Tools
Authors: Syed Ahsan Fahmi, Ahmad Ibrahim, Ho-Jin Choi
Venue: Proceedings of the Future Generation Communication and Networking - Volume 02 (2007)

Requirements Elicitation, one of the most critical tasks in Requirements Engineering activities, is basically the process that involves communication with the stakeholders, understanding their necessities and formulating the problems to be solved. Conventional devices and tools used in different requirements gathering activities are mostly desktop computer or laptop based. Because of their size and less mobility feature, they are usually not brought to the workplace of the stakeholders. The advancing capabilities of mobile devices and mobile tools can significantly contribute to the automation of RE activities. The aim of this proposed research is to enhance requirements elicitation activities by using mobile devices and designing and implementing a web-based mobile RE tool to automate and supplement the traditional requirements elicitation process. This paper describes the ongoing research and presents the progress so far.
Automatic Video-based Analysis of Athlete Action
Authors: Haojie Li, Shouxun Lin, Yongdong Zhang, Kun Tao
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2007)

Video analysis of athlete action is becoming an important tool for sports training, since it has no intervention to the athlete and there are abundant archived data it can exploit. In this paper we present our work on the automatic analysis of complex individual actions in diving video aiming at providing biometric measurements and visual tools for coaching assistant and performance improving. The main body joint angles of the athlete are automatic obtained by 2D articulated human body model fitting and shape analysis techniques. Two visual analyzing tools: motion panorama and overlay composition, which are extremely suitable for individual sports game training are presented. The encouraging experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Exploratory Data Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Dean Bandes
Venue: IEEE Design Test (1985)

This article introduces a few modern statistical techniques that are especially well suited to analysis of data obtained fromsemiconductor testing. Test data is particularly likely to be distributed in non-Gaussian fashion, thus data summaries anddisplays based on sample means and standard deviations are likely to be misleading. Engineers?test engineers in particular?shouldbecome familiar with stem-and-leaf displays, box-plots, medians, letter-value displays, and pseudosigmas. These displays andstatistics can supplement and gradually replace the more traditional histogram, mean, and standard deviation in test datareporting and in testing literature over the next several years. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The Frequency Distribution of Operators in PL/I Programs
Authors: S. H. Zweben
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1979)

During the past few years, several investigators have noted definite patterns in the distribution of operators in computer programs. Their proposed models have provided explanations for other observed software phenomena and have suggested possible relationships between programming languages and natural languages. However, these models contain notable deficiencies.
TXM: an agile HW/SW development methodology for building medical devices
Authors: Lucas Cordeiro, Raimundo Barreto, Rafael Barcelos, Meuse Oliveira, Vicente Lucena, Paulo Maciel
Venue: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (2007)

Arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate measured by pulse oximetry is widely used to monitor critical care patients. This kind of system is classified as embedded hard real-time system and requires rigorous development methodologies to guarantee the correctness and timeliness of the application. Therefore, the proposed development methodology combines agile principles with organizational patterns and adapts them to build medical devices focusing on the issues related to the system's constraints and safety. Strong unit testing is the foundation of the proposed methodology for ensuring timeliness and correctness. Moreover, platform-based design approach is used to balance costs and time-to-market in view of performance and functionality constraints. We conclude that the proposed methodology reduces significantly the design time and cost as well as leads to better software modularity and safety.
A state-of-the-art elliptic curve cryptographic processor operating in the frequency domain
Authors: Selçuk Baktir, Sandeep Kumar, Christof Paar, Berk Sunar
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2007)

We propose a novel area/time efficient elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) processor architecture which performs all finite field arithmetic operations in the discrete Fourier domain. The proposed architecture utilizes a class of optimal extension fields (OEF) GF(qm) where the field characteristic is a Mersenne prime q = 2n - 1 and m = n. The main advantage of our architecture is that it achieves extension field modular multiplication in the discrete Fourier domain with only a linear number of base field GF(q) multiplications in addition to a quadratic number of simpler operations such as addition and bitwise rotation. We achieve an area between 25k and 50k equivalent gates for the implementations over OEFs of size 169, 289 and 361 bits. With its low area and high speed, the proposed architecture is well suited for ECC in small device environments such as sensor networks. The work at hand presents the first hardware implementation of a frequency domain multiplier suitable for ECC and the first hardware implementation of ECC in the frequency domain.
Understanding the spread of epidemics in highly partitioned mobile networks
Authors: Iacopo Carreras, Daniele Miorandi, Geoffrey S. Canright, Kenth Engo-Monsen
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Bio inspired models of network, information and computing systems (2006)

In this paper we introduce a model for analyzing the spread of epidemics in a disconnected mobile network. The work is based on an extension, to a dynamic setting, of the eigenvector centrality principle introduced by two of the authors for the case of static networks. The extension builds on a new definition of connectivity matrix for a highly partitioned mobile system, where the connectivity between a pair of nodes is defined as the number of contacts taking place over a finite time window. The connectivity matrix is then used to evaluate the eigenvector centrality of the various nodes. Numerical results from real-world traces are presented and discussed.
An Efficient Coevolutionary Algorithm Using Dynamic Species Control
Authors: Myung Won Kim, Joung Woo Ryu
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 03 (2007)

A coevolutionary algorithm is an extention of the conventional genetic algorithm that incorporates the strategy of divide and conquer in developing a complex solution in the form of interacting co-adapted subcomponents. In this paper we propose an efficient coevolutionary algorithm dynamically controlling species splitting and merging. Our algorithm conducts efficient local search in the reduced search space by splitting species for independent variables while it conducts global search by merging species for interdependent variables. We have experimented the proposed algorithm with some benchmarking function optimization problems and the inventory control problem, and have shown that the algorithm outperforms the existing coevolutionary algorithms.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method and Its Application in Subjective Quality Assessment for Compressed Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Liang Zhai, Xinming Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 01 (2007)

Subjective assessment methods for compressed remote sensing images and their classification are introduced. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is studied and applied in assessment for reconstructed remote sensing images which are compressed by JPEG2000 standard and improved SPIHT algorithm developed by Chinese astronautic scientists. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proved to be reliable through conducting a series of experiments and some useful conclusions are obtained.
BoostMap: An Embedding Method for Efficient Nearest Neighbor Retrieval
Authors: Vassilis Athitsos, Jonathan Alon, Stan Sclaroff, George Kollios
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2008)

This paper describes BoostMap, a method for efficient nearest neighbor retrieval under computationally expensive distance measures. Database and query objects are embedded into a vector space, in which distances can be measured efficiently. Each embedding is treated as a classifier that predicts for any three objects X, A, B whether X is closer to A or to B. It is shown that a linear combination of such embeddingbased classifiers naturally corresponds to an embedding and a distance measure. Based on this property, the BoostMap method reduces the problem of embedding construction to the classical boosting problem of combining many weak classifiers into an optimized strong classifier. The classification accuracy of the resulting strong classifier is a direct measure of the amount of nearest neighbor structure preserved by the embedding. An important property of BoostMap is that the embedding optimization criterion is equally valid in both metric and non-metric spaces. Performance is evaluated in databases of hand images, handwritten digits, and time series. In all cases, BoostMap significantly improves retrieval efficiency with small losses in accuracy compared to brute-force search. Moreover, BoostMap significantly outperforms existing nearest neighbor retrieval methods, such as Lipschitz embeddings, FastMap, and VP-trees.
An Off-Line Divisible E-Cash Scheme Based on Smart Card
Authors: Liu Wen-yuan, Luo Yong-an, Si Ya-li, Wang Bao-wen, Li Feng
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 01 (2007)

The unlinkable (N, K) payment is an important divisible solution, but the double-spending problem of the off-line schemes using this method will cause a great loss to the bank. In order to enhance the security of divisible e-cash systems, this paper presents an offline divisible e-cash scheme based on smart card using the elliptic curve cryptography, and describes the protocols in detail. The scheme solves double-spending effectively with two protective mechanisms: the prior restraint of smart card and the check of bank. Furthermore, security and efficiency of the scheme are analyzed.
Demonstration of robust multi-hop wireless packet broadcasts for moving vehicles using aggregated redundancy
Authors: Satoko Itaya, Jun Hasegawa, Yoshihisa Kondo, Peter Davis, Ryutaro Suzuki, Sadao Obana
Venue: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (2007)

We demonstrate a method for improving quality of ad-hoc multihop wireless communications between moving vehicles. This method is designed to overcome problems of high packet loss and route instability common in inter-vehicular communications. We implemented the proposed method as middleware supporting real-time packet transmissions such as VoIP, and evaluated the performance in experimental tests, including a 3-vehicle test on a public road. We obtained measurement results showing maximum packet loss lower than 5 %, compared to more than 80% with existing implementations of the ad hoc routing protocols OLSR and AODV. We also showed that it is possible to support good quality VoIP broadcasts at normal traffic speeds of from 40km/h to 60km/h on open roads.
RAPANUI: A case study in Rapid Prototyping for Multiprocessor System-on-Chip
Authors: Guillermo Paya-Vay, Javier Martin-Langerwerf, Peter Pirsch
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Architectures, Methods and Tools (2007)

This paper describes a case study in a new rapid prototyping-based design framework for exploring and validating complex multiprocessor architectures for multimedia applications. The goal of the presented methodology is to speed up and improve the verification flow of a multiprocessor system that will finally be implemented as an ASIC. The case study consists of a 64-bit compatible AMBA AHB system bus which connects up to 14 32-Bit RISC processors to a host interface. A typical parallel computing application has been implemented for the parameterized multiprocessor system. The employed FPGA emulation environment increases by up to 200 the simulation frequency of the global system on a workstation (2.2 GHz AMD Dual Opteron with 8 GB RAM). Moreover a standalone emulation can be performed at the maximum achievable frequency (65 MHz).
Learning languages from positive data and a limited number of short counterexamples
Authors: Sanjay Jain, Efim Kinber
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2007)

We consider two variants of a model for learning languages in the limit from positive data and a limited number of short negative counterexamples (counterexamples are considered to be short if they are smaller than the largest element of input seen so far). Negative counterexamples to a conjecture are examples which belong to the conjectured language but do not belong to the input language. Within this framework, we explore how/when learners using n short (arbitrary) negative counterexamples can be simulated (or simulate) using least short counterexamples or just 'no' answers from a teacher. We also study how a limited number of short counterexamples fairs against unconstrained counterexamples, and also compare their capabilities with the data that can be obtained from subset, superset, and equivalence queries (possibly with counterexamples). A surprising result is that just one short counterexample can sometimes be more useful than any bounded number of counterexamples of arbitrary sizes. Most of the results exhibit salient examples of languages learnable or not learnable within corresponding variants of our models.
Characterization of sputtered tungsten nitride film and its application to Cu electroless plating
Authors: Zenglin Wang, Zonghuai Liu, Zupei Yang, Shoso Shingubara
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

In this study, W and tungsten nitride films were fabricated by reactive sputtering in a N"2/Ar atmosphere, the native oxide growth on the surface of the tungsten nitride films was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that tungsten nitride films were the mixture of W and W"2N sputtered in atmospheres of 3mTorr argon and at the N"2 partial pressure from 0.1 to 2.0mTorr. The ratio of W and W"2N in films was changed with the nitrogen partial pressure in sputtered chamber. Surface oxidations of the W film and tungsten nitride films advanced with time. Electrochemical measurement shows that all reduction-oxidation (redox) potentials of tungsten and tungsten nitrides were lower than that of copper film in electroless copper solution. And so, electroless-plated copper could be deposited on the surface of tungsten nitride films when the substrates were immersed into electroless copper plating solution without any pretreatment. Tungsten nitride films are appropriate for ULSI Cu interconnections using electroless Cu deposition.