ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Scalability of fork/join queueing networks with blocking
Authors: Cathy H. Xia, Zhen Liu, Don Towsley, Marc Lelarge
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (2007)

This paper investigates how the through put of a general fork-join queueing network with blocking behaves as the number of nodes increases to infinity while the processing speed and buffer space of each node stay unchanged. The problem is motivated by applications arising from distributed systems and computer networks. One example is large-scale distributed stream processing systems where TCP is used as the transport protocol for data transfer in between processing components. Other examples include reliable multicast in overlay networks, and reliable data transfer in ad hoc networks. Using an analytical approach, the paper establishes bounds on the asymptotic throughput of such a network. For a subclass of networks which are balanced, we obtain sufficient conditions under which the network stays scalable in the sense that the throughput is lower bounded by a positive constant as the network size increases. Necessary conditions of throughput scalability are derived for general networks. The special class of series-parallel networks is then studied in greater detail, where the asymptotic behavior of the throughput is characterized.
Dynamic data scratchpad memory management for a memory subsystem with an MMU
Authors: Hyungmin Cho, Bernhard Egger, Jaejin Lee, Heonshik Shin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems (2007)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic scratchpad memory (SPM)management technique for a horizontally-partitioned memory subsystem with an MMU. The memory subsystem consists of a relatively cheap direct-mapped data cache and SPM. Our technique loads required global data and stack pages into the SPM on demand when a function is called. A scratchpad memory managerloads/unloads the data pages and maintains a page table for the MMU. Our approach is based on post-pass analysis and optimization techniques, and it handles the whole program including libraries. The data page mapping is determined by solving an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation that approximates our demand paging technique. The ILP model uses a dynamic call graph annotated with the number of memory accesses and/or cache misses obtained by profiling. We evaluate our technique on thirteen embedded applications. We compare the results to a reference system with a 4-way set associative data cache and the ideal case with the same 4-way cache and SPM, where all global and stack data is placed in the SPM. On average, our approach reduces the total system energy consumption by 8.1% with no performance degradation. This is equivalent to exploiting 60% of the room available in energy reduction between the reference case and the ideal case.
The NR newsreader
Authors: Jonathan L. Herlocker
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Tcl/Tk Workshop, 1996 - Volume 4 (1996)

NR is a point and click GUI interface for browsing Usenet news. The NR interface is built using the Tk interface toolkit, and coded entirely in the Tcl scripting language. NR was designed as a framework for pursuing research into electronic information browsing. As a result, NR had strong requirements for configurability, extensibility, portability, and performance. This paper describes how those requirements were met through the use of features and extensions of the Tcl/Tk scripting language. The paper also describes some of the information filtering technologies implemented in NR.
Traffic Summary Analysis for Network Abuse Detection in High Date-Rate ISP Networks
Authors: P. Sandford, D. J. Parish, J. M. Sandford
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

The recent explosion in bandwidth available to home users has caused traffic rates for commercial national networks to increasing rapidly. This presents a problem for any core network monitoring tool as the traffic rate it is expected to monitor is rising on a monthly basis. Security within these networks is paramount as they are now a stable home of trade and commerce. This paper suggests that the use of summary statistics, gathered over a number of packets, is a sensible way of coping with high data rates. We further present a methodology for discovering which metrics are appropriate for classifying significant network events and demonstrate this in a test environment. Finally we show how the statistical variance found in the test environment matches to those found in a National network core.
Protecting the Exchange of Medical Images in Healthcare Process Integration with Web Services
Authors: Dickson K. W. Chiu, Patrick C. K. Hung, Vivying S. Y. Cheng, Eleanna Kafeza
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

There is now an increasing demand for sharing images and image data for process integration among healthcare institutions. Web services technology has recently been widely proposed and gradually adopted as a platform for supporting integrations. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) imposes rules as national standards to protect individuals' health information in the U.S., highlighting security and privacy protection requirements. There are so far no holistic solutions to tackle the various protection issues in this area, especially in inter-institutional healthcare progress integration. We propose the exchange of medical images through a Medical Image Exchange Platform (MIEP), especially replacing ad-hoc and manual exchange practices. We show how contemporary technologies of Web services and watermarking can help archive images with layered implementation architecture. Through dedicated Web services technologies with watermarking mechanism, not only can the development, deployment, and maintenance of software be streamlined, the privacy protection in medical image exchanges as required by disparate processes can also be much facilitated.
Domain coupling in the ABC transporter system BtuCD/BtuF: molecular dynamics simulation, normal mode analysis and protein-protein docking
Authors: Christian Kandt, Eliud O. Oloo, D. Peter Tieleman
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on High Performance Computing Systems and Applications (2007)

ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters form a large class of proteins that use energy from ATP to power transport across biological membranes against the thermodynamic gradient. They consist of two watersoluble domains that are responsible for ATP hydrolysis and two transmembrane domains that form the transport pathway. In addition, they often interact with auxiliary domains or proteins that may regulate the transport process or deliver substrates. Recent crystal structures have revealed the molecular architecture of ABC transporters. We are using a combination of computational techniques to study the dynamics of ABC transporters, the possible mechanism by which the energy of ATP hydrolysis is used for transport, and the interactions between the different domains. We present an overview of our current understanding of the interactions between the domains of the vitamin B12 importer BtuCD, new simulation results from the BtuCD protein, and two models of the interactions of BtuCD with its substrate binding protein BtuF.
Speeding up full syntactic parsing by leveraging partial parsing decisions
Authors: Elliot Glaysher, Dan Moldovan
Venue: Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions (2006)

Parsing is a computationally intensive task due to the combinatorial explosion seen in chart parsing algorithms that explore possible parse trees. In this paper, we propose a method to limit the combinatorial explosion by restricting the CYK chart parsing algorithm based on the output of a chunk parser. When tested on the three parsers presented in (Collins, 1999), we observed an approximate three-fold speedup with only an average decrease of 0.17% in both precision and recall.
Adaptive coding of hyperspectral imagery
Authors: G. P. Abousleman
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1999)

Two systems are presented for compression of hyperspectral imagery. These systems utilize adaptive classification, trellis-coded quantization, and optimal rate allocation. In the first system, DPCM is used for spectral decorrelation, while an adaptive wavelet-based coding scheme is used for spatial decorrelation. The second system uses DPCM in conjunction with an adaptive DCT-based coding scheme. In each system, entropy-constrained trellis-coded quantization (ECTCQ) is used to quantize the transform coefficients. Entropy-constrained codebooks are designed for generalized Gaussian distributions by using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. The wavelet-based system compresses an AVIRIS hyperspectral test sequence at 0.118 bits/pixel/band, while retaining an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 41.24 dB. The DCT-based system achieves the same bit rate with an average PSNR of 40.72 dB.
Speech synthesis using HMMs with dynamic features
Authors: T. Masuko, K. Tokuda, T. Kobayashi, S. Imai
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

This paper presents a new text-to-speech synthesis system based on HMM which includes dynamic features, i.e., delta and delta-delta parameters of speech. The system uses triphone HMMs as the synthesis units. The triphone HMMs share less than 2,000 clustered states, each of which is modelled by a single Gaussian distribution. For a given text to be synthesized, a sentence HMM is constructed by concatenating the triphone HMMs. Speech parameters are generated from the sentence HMM in such a way that the output probability is maximized. The speech signal is synthesized directly from the obtained parameters using the mel log spectral approximation (MLSA) filter. Without dynamic features, the discontinuity of the generated speech spectra causes glitches in the synthesized speech. On the other hand, with dynamic features, the synthesized speech becomes quite smooth and natural even if the number of clustered states is small.
IMPROHEALTH II: Web Based Virtual Quality Center for Vocational Education and Training in Health Informatics
Authors: Spyros Kitsiou, Maro Vlachopoulou, Vicky Manthou
Venue: Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2007)

IMPROHEALTH II is a European pilot project funded by the Leonardo Da Vinci action program, aiming to improve the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare services through vocational education and training of healthcare professionals. One of the main goals of this project is the establishment of a web based Virtual Quality Center (VQC), which will allow healthcare professionals and students from health educational programs to obtain through an e-learning process the required knowledge, skills, and capabilities in the field of health informatics. This paper aims to present the IMPROHEALTH II pilot project and the main modules of its web based Virtual Quality Center (VCQ). In addition, it discusses the main materials and methods of the new health informatics course and its interactive web-based educational environment.
Provisioning end-to-end QoS under IMS over a WiMAX architecture: Research Articles
Authors: Wenhua Jiao, Jianfeng Chen, Fang Liu
Venue: Bell Labs Technical Journal (2007)

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is considered a cost-effective way to provide wireless access to an Internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)-based core network. Determining how to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) for the applications indicated is a significant issue. This article highlights the IMS over WiMAX framework and proposes a layered QoS model with feasible signaling flow. Several techniques are analyzed, especially cross-layer QoS mapping and an end-to-end QoS provisioning signaling mechanism. &copy; 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Video object summarization in the MPEG-4 compressed domain
Authors: B. Erol
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (2000)

Summarization of video content is necessary in order to reduce the large amount of data involved in video retrieval. In a frame-based digital video retrieval framework, this is achieved by representing the content of a video sequence using key frames. Similarly, in an object-based framework, such as the one suggested by the MPEG-4 standard, video object planes can be used for summarization of video object content. We propose a method for key video object plane selection using the shape information in the MPEG-4 compressed domain. Two popular shape distance measures, the Hamming and Hausdorff distance measures, are employed to measure the similarities between the approximated shapes of the video objects. The corresponding algorithms, with different implementation complexity and computation tradeoffs, select key video object planes that represent efficiently the salient content of the video objects.
Performance improvement of double-talk detection algorithm in the acoustic echo canceller
Authors: M. Jaidane
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

This paper deals with a delay problem in the endpoint detection of the double-talk detection algorithm in the acoustic echo canceller. In the case that past power is much larger than current power such as at the end of a double-talking period, the power estimated using the forgetting factor decreases slowly to cause the delay problem in the endpoint detection. Two methods are proposed to solve this problem. One is replacing the current power periodically by a new average power, and the other is removing the past power term in a recursive equation or replacing it by other values. The simulation results show that proposed methods outperform the conventional method in the endpoint detection of double-talking periods without. increasing the computational burden much. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A Dynamic Approach for the Selection of Super Peers in Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Ahmed M. Mahdy, Jitender S. Deogun, Jun Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

Peer-to-peer and mobile ad hoc networks have established a strong connection due to the fact that peer-to-peer models present effective solutions for decentralized systems. Pure and hybrid peer-to-peer networks have propagated as design models for such decentralized systems. Super-peer networks, in which some nodes (super peers) are selected and assigned special roles, have been proposed as a compromise tradeoff between the two models. In this paper, we study the selection of super peers in mobile ad hoc networks. We investigate two approaches to selection and study their impacts on network performance. Based on the analysis of empirical results, we propose and evaluate a new dynamic approach. Simulation results show a significant improvement over existing selection techniques.
Integrating Human Inputs with Autonomous Behaviors on an Intelligent Wheelchair Platform
Authors: Sarangi P. Parikh, Valdir Grassi Jr., Vijay Kumar, Jun Okamoto Jr.
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Researchers have developed and assessed a computer-controlled wheelchair called the Smart Chair. A shared control framework has different levels of autonomy, allowing the human operator complete control of the chair at each level while ensuring the user's safety. The semiautonomous system incorporates deliberative motion plans or controllers, reactive behaviors, and human user inputs. At every instant in time, control inputs from three sources are integrated continuously to provide a safe trajectory to the destination. Experiments with 50 participants demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the benefits of human-robot augmentation in three modes of operation: manual, autonomous, and semiautonomous. This article is part of a special issue on Interacting with Autonomy.
Deans of engineering and deans of education: taking the lead to enhance technological literacy
Authors: D. Gorham
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

Technological innovation is becoming increasingly important in our everyday lives. Educational systems have not been able to keep up with the technological advancements of the last 10 years. Engineers have been responsible for many of these innovations. It seems logical that engineers and educators should form collaborations that can help to prepare excellent teachers and engineers to meet the challenges of an increasingly technological world. The "Deans' Summit" event is the first time that Deans of Engineering and Deans of Education have formally met with the express purpose of launching on-campus collaborations. This panel discusses the action plan developed by 60 pairs of Deans of Engineering and Education, from the same institutions, at "Taking the Lead: A Deans Summit on Education for a Technological World." Panelists share how engineers and educators, working together, can have a significant impact on curricula reform and teacher preparation.
Prediction-based adaptive blind equalization: a performance study
Authors: J. Mannerkoski
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1999)

Blind equalization of a communication channel using a prediction-based lattice blind equalizer (LBE) is considered. Second order cyclostationary statistics and a single-input multiple-output model arising from fractional sampling of the received data are used. The performance of the LBE algorithm is studied in extensive simulations where commonly used example channels are employed. Convergence in the mean square error (MSE) and symbol error rate (SER) as well as the number of symbols required to open the eye are studied at different SNRs. Robustness in the face of channel order mismatch and channels with common subchannel zeros is considered. The simulation results are compared to the results obtained by the fractionally spaced constant modulus algorithm, the cyclic-RLS algorithm and the subspace method by Moulines et al. (see IEEE Trans. Signal Proc., vol.43, no.2, p.516-25, 1995).
Overhearing the Wireless Interface for 802.11-Based Positioning Systems
Authors: Thomas King, Thomas Haenselmann, Stephan Kopf, Wolfgang Effelsberg
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2007)

Not only the communication capabilities of 802.11, but also the capability to determine the position of mobile devices make 802.11 highly appealing for many application areas. Typically, a mobile device that wants to identify its position regularly performs active or passive scans to obtain the signal strength measurements of neighboring access points. However, so far, no investigations are known to have been launched into how regular scanning affects concurrent data transmissions from an end-user point of view. In this paper, we explore how common data communication is affected while actively or passively scanning at the same time. Furthermore, we present a novel scan scheme called Monitor Sniffing. Monitor Sniffing exploits the fact that 802.11 operates on overlapping channels by overhearing the wireless interface. We have implemented our Monitor Sniffing algorithm using commodity 802.11g hardware, and we demonstrate that it does not disturb concurrent data communication.
Architecture Knowledge Management: Concepts, Technologies, Challenges
Authors: Ian Gorton Ali Babar
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (2007)

Modern software systems are typically built by acquiring and integrating various components developed by commercial or open source entities, whose teams are commonly geographically distributed. Capturing the technical knowledge, contextual information, and rationale surrounding the design decisions underpinning the system architectures and software components can greatly improve the software development process. If not managed, this critical design knowledge is implicitly embedded in the architecture, becoming tacit knowledge which erodes as personnel on the project change. Moreover, the unavailability of architecture knowledge precludes organizations from growing their architectural capabilities.
A compact MCM implementation of an embedded system for automotive applications
Authors: J. L. Merino, S. A. Bota, J. Samitier, B. Niessen, E. Cabruja
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

In this paper a multichip module system for automotive applications is described. The use of microsystems in automotive industry allows size reduction of electronic units and also a reduction in its cost. The presented microsystem is based on a IMS (Isolated Metal Substrate) substrate, which has been used for integration of analog signal processing stages, complex logic circuits, sensors and even power transistors. The functionality of the microsystem is the control of a power window motor with antipinch feature. The system architecture is based on a single microcontroller and a multipurpose ASIC. The trapping detection strategy is based on current sensing and signal processing.
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH
Authors: Dawn Xiaodong Song, David Wagner, Xuqing Tian
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10 (2001)

SSH is designed to provide a secure channel between two hosts. Despite the encryption and authentication mechanisms it uses, SSH has two weakness: First, the transmitted packets are padded only to an eight-byte boundary (if a block cipher is in use), which reveals the approximate size of the original data. Second, in interactive mode, every individual keystroke that a user types is sent to the remote machine in a separate IP packet immediately after the key is pressed, which leaks the interkeystroke timing information of users' typing. In this paper, we show how these seemingly minor weaknesses result in serious security risks. First we show that even very simple statistical techniques suffice to reveal sensitive information such as the length of users' passwords or even root passwords. More importantly, we further show that by using more advanced statistical techniques on timing information collected from the network, the eavesdropper can learn significant information about what users type in SSH sessions. In particular, we perform a statistical study of users' typing patterns and show that these patterns reveal information about the keys typed. By developing a Hidden Markov Model and our key sequence prediction algorithm, we can predict key sequences from the interkeystroke timings. We further develop an attacker system, Herbivore, which tries to learn users' passwords by monitoring SSH sessions. By collecting timing information on the network, Herbivore can speed up exhaustive search for passwords by a factor of 50. We also propose some countermeasures. In general our results apply not only to SSH, but also to a general class of protocols for encrypting interactive traffic. We show that timing leaks open a new set of security risks, and hence caution must be taken when designing this type of protocol