ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Perfect Matching Disclosure Attacks
Authors: Carmela Troncoso, Benedikt Gierlichs, Bart Preneel, Ingrid Verbauwhede
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (2008)

Traffic analysis is the best known approach to uncover relationships amongst users of anonymous communication systems, such as mix networks. Surprisingly, all previously published techniques require very specific user behavior to break the anonymity provided by mixes. At the same time, it is also well known that none of the considered user models reflects realistic behavior which casts some doubt on previous work with respect to real-life scenarios. We first present a user behavior model that, to the best of our knowledge, is the least restrictive scheme considered so far. Second, we develop the Perfect Matching Disclosure Attack, an efficient attack based on graph theory that operates without any assumption on user behavior. The attack is highly effective when de-anonymizing mixing rounds because it considers all users in a round at once, rather than single users iteratively. Furthermore, the extracted sender-receiver relationships can be used to enhance user profile estimations. We extensively study the effectiveness and efficiency of our attack and previous work when de-anonymizing users communicating through a threshold mix. Empirical results show the advantage of our proposal. We also show how the attack can be refined and adapted to different scenarios including pool mixes, and how precision can be traded in for speed, which might be desirable in certain cases.
Visual Focus of Attention in Dynamic Meeting Scenarios
Authors: Michael Voit, Rainer Stiefelhagen
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction (2008)

This paper presents our data collection and first evaluations on visual focus of attention during dynamic meeting scenes. We included moving focus targets and unforeseen interruptions in each meeting, by guiding each meeting along a predefined script of events that three participating actors were instructed to follow. Further meeting attendees were not introduced to upcoming actions or the general purpose of the meeting, hence we were able to capture their natural focus changes within this predefined dynamic scenario with an extensive setup of both visual and acoustical sensors throughout our smart room. We present an adaptive approach to estimate visual focus of attention based on head orientation under these unforeseen conditions and show, that our system achieves an overall recognition rate of 59%, compared to 9% less when choosing the best matching focus target directly from the observed head orientation angles.
A Temporal Logic of Robustness
Authors: Tim French, John C. Mc Cabe-Dansted, Mark Reynolds
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Frontiers of Combining Systems (2007)

It can be desirable to specify polices that require a system to achieve some outcome even if a certain number of failures occur. This paper proposes a logic, RoCTL*, which extends CTL* with operators from Deontic logic, and a novel operator referred to as "Robustly". This novel operator acts as variety of path quantifier allowing us to consider paths which deviate from the desired behaviour of the system. Unlike most path quantifiers, the Robustly operator must be evaluated over a path rather than just a state; the Robustly operator quantifies over paths produced from the current path by altering a single step. The Robustly operator roughly represents the phrase "even if an additional failure occurs now or in the future". This paper examines the expressivity of this new logic, motivates its use and shows that it is decidable.
A model of technological course of using information technology
Authors: Rong-Jyue Fang, Hung Jen Yang, Hua Lin Tsai, Chi Jen Lee, Tien-Sheng Tsai, Dai-Hua Li
Venue: Proceedings of the American Conference on Applied Mathematics (2008)

The purpose of this study was to develop of information technology and network infrastructure construction On the past decades, educators have developed various scales to measure the learning attitudes. But few of them have constructed specifically for attitudes towards digital devices. This research is discuss the meaning and purposes of Life Technological Course crossing different fields, the strategies of implementation and the integration of information science, and the integration of information technology applying to every discipline. It is urgent to give teachers accurate teaching models of Life Technology Courses complying modern IT technology nowadays. According the discussing, we put forward and implement the tactics to support the reference that scientific and technological teacher crossing different fields and studies the way and information to incorporate teaching of life concretely finally.
Security, Functionality and Scale?
Authors: Ross Anderson
Venue: Proceeedings of the 22nd annual IFIP WG 11.3 working conference on Data and Applications Security (2008)

Since 2002 the UK has been attempting to build a system of federated databases containing all the nation's medical records. This project has encountered numerous problems and some feel that it is becoming the world's largest ever software disaster. One aspect of the problem is security. This means different things to different stakeholders: the government and its contractors boast about their ability to keep out `hackers', while medics and patients' groups worry that making records available to large numbers of authorised insiders will lead to abuses that will fatally undermine privacy. A security policy that I developed for the BMA and that I discussed at DBSEC in 2002 was not used; instead the developers went for a combination of role-based access control plus a `legitimate relationship'. This has been found insufficient and `sealed envelopes' are planned as well. Medical databases are the first application involving very sensitive personal data being kept in large-scale systems which their operators hope will develop rich functionality over time. This combination of a stringent security requirement, complex functionality and great scale poses the most serious problems yet known to the security architect. I will discuss the options and ask whether it is in fact the case that you can have any two of these attributes - security, functionality and scale - but not all three.
An Evaluation of Intelligent Reading Tutors
Authors: Sowmya Ramachandran, Robert Atkinson
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

Reading comprehension is a very important life skill, yet millions of Americans are functionally illiterate. Technology can help, but most computer-based training programs for reading skills fall short in their ability to provide self-paced, individualized learning. The Navy funded three innovative intelligent tutors that were developed based on well-recognized cognitive models of reading and learning. In addition, these tutors provide tools for customization of content. This paper reports a large-scale study of these tutors that demonstrates their teaching effectiveness when used individually and in combination. Of particular note is an ordering of the tutors that led to a skill gain of 1.1 grade levels.
Multi-attribute Text Classification Using the Fuzzy Borda Method and Semantic Grades
Authors: Eugene Levner, David Alcaide, Joaquin Sicilia
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Fuzzy Logic and Applications: Applications of Fuzzy Sets Theory (2007)

We consider the problem of automatic classification of text documents, in particular, scientific abstracts and use two types of classifiers: ordinal and numerical. For the first type we use a fuzzy extension of the Borda voting method while for the second type we use a fuzzy Borda method in combination with the semantic grading.
Calculating the future
Authors: David Lindley
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2009)

Climate researchers have no shortage of scientific issues on which to expend computer power. The biggest problem is choosing which one to tackle first.
An Improved Ant Colony System and Its Application
Authors: Xiangpei Hu, Qiulei Ding, Yongxian Li, Dan Song
Venue: Computational Intelligence and Security: International Conference, CIS 2006, Guangzhou, China, November 3-6, 2006, Revised Selected Papers (2007)

The Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm is vital in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the weaknesses of premature convergence and low efficiency greatly restrict its application. In order to improve the performance of the algorithm, the Hybrid Ant Colony System (HACS) is presented by introducing the pheromone adjusting approach, combining ACS with saving and interchange methods, etc. Furthermore, the HACS is applied to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). By comparing the computational results with the previous findings, it is concluded that HACS is an effective and efficient way to solve combinatorial optimization problems.
Step length adaptation on ridge functions
Authors: Dirk V. Arnold, Alexander MacLeod
Venue: Evolutionary Computation (2008)

Step length adaptation is central to evolutionary algorithms in real-valued search spaces. This paper contrasts several step length adaptation algorithms for evolution strategies on a family of ridge functions. The algorithms considered are cumulative step length adaptation, a variant of mutative self-adaptation, two-point adaptation, and hierarchically organized strategies. In all cases, analytical results are derived that yield insights into scaling properties of the algorithms. The influence of noise on adaptation behavior is investigated. Similarities and differences between the adaptation strategies are discussed.
Delay-Dependent Global Asymptotic Stability in Neutral-Type Delayed Neural Networks with Reaction-Diffusion Terms
Authors: Jianlong Qiu, Yinlai Jin, Qingyu Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks (2008)

In this paper, the global uniform asymptotic stability is studied for a class of delayed neutral-type neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, several sufficient conditions are obtained for ensuring the system to be globally uniformly asymptotically stable. A numerical example is given in the end of this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed criteria.
A Framework of Spatial Sensor Web
Authors: Yandong Wang, You He, Jianya Gong, Jizhen Sheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Third International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System (2007)

Sensor networks can be used to sense, collect and process information of monitored objects and transfer the information to users. It has been applied in many domains, such as military, environment observation, calamity forecasting, Geo-Spatial explore. A Sensor Web refers to web accessible sensor networks and archived sensor data that can be discovered and accessed using standard protocols and application program interfaces (APIs). The Sensor Web achieves the cooperation, series, harmony and consistency of data acquisition, abstraction and distribution. It is web-centric, open, interoperable, smart, and dynamical and is a new fashion of sensor deployment, data acquisition and information abstraction. In this paper, a framework of spatial sensor web is designed. This framework includes SOS, SPS and some other services and integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which has the abilities of spatial locating and spatial analysis. The framework follows the sensor web specifications defined by OGC and can accommodate and receive all kinds of sensor services and data. It enables the interoperability between different sensors, sensor systems and users and "plug-and-play" web-based sensor systems. A prototype of spatial sensor web has been developed which integrates a sensor network of weather station to sensor web and GIS.
A Fuzzy Model for Olive Oil Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Luis Martínez, Luis G. Pérez, Jun Liu, Macarena Espinilla
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international Fuzzy Systems Association world congress on Foundations of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing (2007)

The evaluation is a process that analyzes elements to achieve different objectives such as quality inspection, design, marketing exploitation and other fields in industrial companies. In many of these fields the items, products, designs, etc., are evaluated according to the knowledge acquired via human senses (sight, taste, touch, smell and hearing), in such cases, the process is called Sensory Evaluation. In this type of evaluation process, an important problem arises as it is the modelling and management of uncertain knowledge, because the information acquired by our senses throughout human perceptions involves uncertainty, vagueness and imprecision.The sensory evaluation of Olive oil plays a relevant role for the quality and properties of the commercialized product. In this contribution, we shall present a new evaluation model for Olive oil sensory evaluation based on a decision analysis scheme that will use the Fuzzy Linguistic Approach to facilitate the modelling and managing of the uncertainty and vagueness of the information acquired through the human perceptions in the sensory evaluation process.
Evaluation of a Prototype of the Mimamori-care System for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Taro Sugihara, Kenichi Nakagawa, Tsutomu Fujinami, Ryozo Takatsuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part II (2008)

We aim to clarify the requirements for the mimamori-care system in the group home to support caregivers who take care of persons with dementia (PWD). We investigated the effects of the prototype, which consists of several cameras and monitors, by interviewing eleven caregivers. We found that the prototype system not only helps the caregivers to watch out the people with dementia but also removes some stress caused by taking excessive precaution to residents' behaviors. Caregivers however reported some concerns to the violation of privacy as for the caregivers themselves and the residents alike.
Context aware documenting for aphasics
Authors: Thomas de Wolf, Dirk W.H. Gooren, Jean-Bernard O.S. Martens
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility (2008)

In this paper, we describe two projects aimed at designing a tool for documenting and reporting everyday experiences by aphasics. Proxy feedback on design concepts was used to select concepts for further in-depth prototyping. Both final prototypes use automated image capturing and provide a means for browsing the collected images. One design is mobile and separates picture taking from picture viewing, while the other design is a larger static object that integrates image input and output.
Statistical Identification of Key Phrases for Text Classification
Authors: Frans Coenen, Paul Leng, Robert Sanderson, Yanbo J. Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition (2007)

Algorithms for text classification generally involve two stages, the first of which aims to identify textual elements (words and/or phrases) that may be relevant to the classification process. This stage often involves an analysis of the text that is both language-specific and possibly domain-specific, and may also be computationally costly. In this paper we examine a number of alternative keyword-generation methods and phrase-construction strategies that identify key words and phrases by simple, language-independent statistical properties. We present results that demonstrate that these methods can produce good classification accuracy, with the best results being obtained using a phrase-based approach.
Secure biometrics
Authors: Michael Anshel
Venue:  (2008)

Biometric systems attempt to solve a matching problem through live measurements of human body features. One main barrier that prevents the widespread application of biometrics is the concern about the security and privacy of biometric information. To address this concern biometrics needs to be protected with cryptography. However, the specific problems with biometrics, namely number limitation, non-secrecy, non-reproducibility and non-cancelability, make it a challenge to secure biometrics effectively with existing cryptographic algorithms, especially on how to match two biometric templates in encrypted or hashed formats. Inspired by the Central Dogma of Biology, we in this thesis develop an Artificial Intronization Method (AIM) to approach the problems of biometrics. AIM is a method of inserting introns into an exon sequence to obtain ciphertext. Three methods are proposed to introduce introns into plaintext: Pseudo Random Number Generator, Integer Sequence and Geometric Key. The main advantage in using AIM is to prevent error propagation. However, one disadvantage of AIM is that security may require a large Message Expansion Rate. Therefore, three methods are proposed to control message expansion: Intron Compression, Intron Removal, and Exon Elimination. With AIM, the number limitation, non-secrecy and non-cancelability problems can be solved by applying different intronization keys and different symmetric-key based intron sets; in theory, AIM could achieve zero-error propagation&mdash;a solution to the non-reproducible problem. We believe AIM can be an effective hashing mechanism for protecting fuzzy biometrics. Our testing results support this belief. With this finding, AIM can also be used as a preprocessing step for other cryptographic algorithms to enhance security. AIM, due to the intentional suppression of the diffusion property in favor of zero-error propagation, is vulnerable to Known-plaintext Attack. Thus, it has its limitation as a stand-alone cipher.
Brief Communication: FunCat functional inference with belief propagation and feature integration
Authors: Dimitrij Surmeli, Oliver Ratmann, Hans-Werner Mewes, Igor V. Tetko
Venue: Computational Biology and Chemistry (2008)

Pairwise comparison of sequence data is intensively used for automated functional protein annotation, while graphical models emerge as promising candidates for an integration of various heterogeneous features. We designed a model, termed hRMN that integrates different genomic features and implemented a variant of belief propagation for functional annotation transfer. hRMN allows the assignment of multiple functional categories while avoiding common problems in annotation transfer from heterogeneous datasets, such as an independency of the investigated datasets. We benchmarked this system with large-scale annotation transfer (based on the MIPS FunCat ontology) to proteins of the prokaryotes Bacillus subtilis, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, and Listeria innocua. hRMN consistently outperformed two competitors in annotation of four bacterial genomes. The developed code is available for download at http://mips.gsf.de/proj/bfab/hRMN.html.
Key performance indicators for PLM benefits evaluation: The Alcatel Alenia Space case study
Authors: Marco Alemanni, Grimaldi Alessia, Stefano Tornincasa, Enrico Vezzetti
Venue: Computers in Industry (2008)

From a theoretical point of view, people are used to think that the adoption of innovative business solutions, for optimizing the product lifecycle, should always guarantee a sufficient return on the investment (ROI), even if the concrete benefits that the investment has given to the company are sometimes difficult to evaluate. Looking at the technical literature it is possible to find a lot of ROI's estimation metrics for the evaluation of business strategies, even if after the analysis of the theoretical concepts no one faces with a real implementation of the methodology proposed. This paper proposes a solution, based on the key performance indicator (KPI) method, for evaluating the benefits introduced by the adoption of a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) tool in a one of a kind company. The methods have been validated with its implementation into an Aerospace and Defence company (Alcatel Alenia Space), highlighting the improvement created by the implementation of the PLM solution in the everyday activities and showing the system's contribution for some key-process as configuration, change and documentation.
Quantifying over coalitions in epistemic logic
Authors: Thomas Ågotnes, Wiebe van der Hoek, Michael Wooldridge
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2 (2008)

Some natural epistemic properties which may arise in applications can only be expressed in standard epistemic logic by formulae which are exponentially long in the number of agents in the system. An example is the property "at least m agents know that at most n agents know &phi;". We present Epistemic Logic with Quantification over Coalitions (ELQC), where the standard common knowledge operator has been replaced allowing expressions of the form <&phi;> and [P]c&phi; where P is a coalition predicate, meaning that there is a coalition satisfying P which have common knowledge of &phi; and that all coalitions satisfying P have common knowledge of &phi;, respectively; and similarly for distributed knowledge and everybody-knows. While the language is no more expressive than standard epistemic logic, it is exponentially more succinct. We give a sound and complete axiomatisation for ELQC, and characterise the complexity of its model checking problem.
Quantified Constraint Optimization
Authors: Marco Benedetti, Arnaud Lallouet, Jérémie Vautard
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (2008)

Solutions to valid Quantified Constraint Satisfaction Problems (QCSPs) are called winning strategies and represent possible ways in which the existential player can react to the moves of the universal one to "win the game". However, different winning strategies are not necessarily equivalent: some may be preferred to others. We define Quantified Constraint Optimization Problems (QCOP) as a framework which allows both to formally express preferences over QCSP strategies, and to solve the related optimization problem. We present examples and some experimental results. We also discuss how this framework relates to other formalisms for hierarchical decision modeling known as von Stackelberg games and bilevel (and multilevel) programming.
The Must Preorder Revisited
Authors: Cosimo Laneve, Luca Padovani
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Concurrency Theory (2007)

We define a language for Web services contracts as a parallel-free fragment of ccs and we study a natural notion of compliance between clients and services in terms of their corresponding contracts. The induced contract preorder turns out to be valuable in searching and querying registries of Web services, it shows interesting connections with the must preorder, and it exhibits good precongruence properties when choreographies of Web services are considered. Our contract language may be used as a foundation of Web services technologies, such as wsdl and wscl.