ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Advanced volume rendering
Authors: Roger Crawfis
Venue:  (2006)

Although many advances have been achieved within the visualization community in the last decade, many challenging problems are still open in volume rendering: high-dimensional rendering, time-varying datasets, large datasets, complex flow fields, improvement of rendering accuracy, fidelity and interactivity, interdisciplinary research with other application communities, and so on. In this thesis, we study three challenging topics in advanced volume rendering: volumetric shadow and soft shadow algorithm in order to generate more realistic scenes; interval volumes and time-varying interval volumes for structured and unstructured grids; and implicit flow fields for three-dimensional flow visualization. A shadow is a region of relative darkness within an illuminated region caused by an object totally or partially occluding a light source. Shadows are essential to realistic and informative scenes. In volume rendering, the shadow calculation is difficult because the light intensity is attenuated as the light traverses the volume. We investigate a new shadow algorithm that properly determines the light attenuation and generates shadows for volumetric datasets, by using a 2D shadow buffer to keep track of the light attenuation through the volumetric participating media. Our shadow algorithm can generate accurate shadows with low storage requirements. The generation of soft shadows is a challenging topic in computer graphics which requires integrating the contributions of extended light sources on the illumination of objects. We have extended our shadow algorithm to deal with extended light sources and generate volumetric soft shadows with an analytic method and using a convolution technique. This shadow and soft shadow algorithm also has been applied to mixed scenes of volumetric and polygonal objects. Multiple light scattering is also modeled in our volumetric lighting model. Interval volume algorithm is a region-of-interest extraction algorithm for steady and time-varying three-dimensional structured and unstructured grids. A high-dimensional iso-surface algorithm is used to construct interval volumes. The algorithm is independent of the dimension and topology of the polyhedral cells comprising the grid, and thus offers an excellent enhancement for volume rendering of unstructured grids. Three-dimensional flow visualization is a challenging topic due to clutter, occlusion, and lack of depth perception cues in three dimensions. We propose an implicit flow field method to visualize 3D flow fields. An implicit flow field is first extracted using an advection operator on the flow, with a set of flow-related attributes stored. Two techniques are then employed to render the implicit flow field: a slice-based three-dimensional texture mapping approach and an interval volume approach. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
An Efficient Video Enhancement Method Using LA*B* Analysis
Authors: Gaurav Mittal, Sushrutha Locharam, Sreela Sasi, Glenn R. Shaffer, Ajith K. Kumar
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

In this paper, an efficient technique is proposed for real-time enhancement of video containing inconsistent and complex conditions like nonuniform and insufficient lighting. Beyond providing digital tools for video enhancement, this method provides a better approach to enhance a video in low lighting conditions without any loss of color information. This approach is based on histogram manipulations on La*b* color model of the video frame. This algorithm provides an effective way for video enhancement with simple computational procedures, which makes real-time enhancement for homeland security application successfully realized. Simulation is done on videos taken under bad lighting conditions and results are presented.
Software Business Education for Software Engineers: Towards an Integrated Curriculum
Authors: Jyrki Kontio, Mika Ahokas, Paivi Poyry, Juhani Warsta, Markus M. Makela, Pasi Tyrvainen
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training Workshops (2006)

All software is developed to create value to its stakeholders. Software engineering decisions and business value are closely linked with each other: technical decisions may have a profound impact on the business potential of software. Yet, software engineering education usually does not provide students with sufficient knowledge on business-related issues. We believe that the general business education is too abstract and unfocused to address the specific characteristics of software business. This paper suggests specific areas of business competencies that should be integrated into the software engineering curriculum. In addition, we compare these topics with software business curricula in three Finnish universities.
Interconnect Open Defect Diagnosis with Physical Information
Authors: Wei Zou, Wu-Tung Cheng, Sudhakar M. Reddy
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Asian Test Symposium (2006)

Circuit behavior in the presence of interconnect open defects is affected by four major factors: the capacitances between the floating node and its neighboring nodes, the capacitances inside down-stream gates, initial trapped charge, and the threshold voltages of down-stream gates. Current interconnect open diagnosis methods either ignore all of these factors or consider a subset of them only. Thus the diagnosis results from current procedures may not be as accurate as possible. In this paper, we present an interconnect open defect diagnosis method taking all these factors into account. Experiments conducted on benchmark circuits demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a very high diagnosis accuracy and resolution.
An Intelligent Automatic Fingerprint Recognition System Design
Authors: Necla Ozkaya, Seref Sagiroglu, Arif Wani
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (2006)

This work presents an intelligent automatic fingerprint identification and verification system based on artificial neural networks. In this work, the design processes of the system have been presented step by step. In order to make the system automatic, software was developed for fingerprint identification and verification processes. 100 fingerprint images were used to test and evaluate the system. The results have shown that the task was achieved with high accuracy.
Fourier pseudospectral method with Kepler mapping for travelling waves with discontinuous slope: application to corner waves of the Ostrovsky-Hunter equation and equatorial Kelvin waves in the four-mode approximation
Authors: John P. Boyd
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2006)

Many species of travelling waves have a single branch of solutions which ends at finite amplitude with a singular wave whose slope is discontinuous, a so-called "corner wave". Fourier pseudospectral methods converge exponentially fast with N, the truncation of the series, for the smooth waves, but the error falls only as O(1/N) for a wave with a slope discontinuity. We show that the error rate can be accelerated to O(1/N3) by making the change-of-coordinate ("Kepler map") x = z - sin(z). Unfortunately, there is a subtlety: the end-in-a-singular-solution bifurcation is possible only for infinite-dimensional systems. We show that the truncated Fourier pseudospectral approximation has roots on both sides of the corner wave. The bifurcation can be detected by (i) a step-function-like jump in the residual of the differential equation at the corner wave and (ii) by observing the slope of u(x), which becomes discontinuous only at the corner wave itself. These concepts are illustrated for the equatorially trapped ocean Kelvin wave in the so-called "four-latitudinal-mode" approximation. However, corner waves arise in many species of waves and the concepts explained here are applicable to all.
Proper use of Agent Technologies in Design and Implementation of Software Intensive Systems
Authors: Rune Gustavsson
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Envisions of future network enabled socio-technical systems are in focus of several international ongoing efforts by industry and academia. Different interest groups, e.g., the agent and the Grid computing communities, have to that end put forward several roadmaps. However, those roadmaps by and large presuppose a key role to be played by their favorite technologies. We propose another complementary approach with a focus on the requirements on the goal system (Network Enabled Capabilities) and a generic configurable framework to support design, implementation, monitoring, and maintenance of future dependable and secure sociotechnical systems. Our methodological approach is grounded on IEEE standards on software intensive systems and on own experiences in development of such systems. We propose the use of agent technologies foremost in requirement engineering and high-level design whence the implementation platform is in our cases preferably based on Service Oriented Architectures as in Grid computing.
senseMix: sharing creative mobile content
Authors: Jeremy Yuille, Miranda Forwood, Andrew Brown, Gavin Sade, Greg Jenkins, Jenny Weight
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

This poster presentation will report on research undertaken by a multidisciplinary team into the design and development of applications for creation and sharing of audio visual content on mobile phones. It outlines the conceptual basis and design process of the project, describing a number of the demonstration applications developed. It also reports on the use of augmented reality middleware to implement a gestural user interface to these demonstrator applications.
Prediction from Partial Data, Renormalization, and Averaging
Authors: Alexandre J. Chorin, Ole H. Hald, Raz Kupferman
Venue: Journal of Scientific Computing (2006)

We summarize and compare our recent methods for reducing the complexity of computational problems, in particular dimensional reduction methods based on the Mori---Zwanzig formalism of statistical physics, block Monte-Carlo methods, and an averaging method for deriving an effective equation for a nonlinear wave propagation problem. We show that their common thread is scale change and renormalization.
Global Innovation, Creating an Innovation Process
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

Innovation is a word used often today to mean many different things. To some it is invention to others it is doing something completely new. We at IBM believe innovation occurs at the intersection of invention and business insight. Creating an atmosphere and an ecosystem for innovation requires some new ideas and processes. It is global, it is unpredictable yet it can be encouraged and supported for success. The Global Innovation Outlook, or GIO, is a process that IBM has used for the past couple of years to create an innovation ecosystem. The journey for activity is as interesting as the results. I will discuss the process and what we've learned about the process as well as the specific results and outcomes from the first GIO and second GIO. The topics include: healthcare, transportation and the future enterprise.
Properties of the Fourth Type of Covering-Based Rough Sets
Authors: William Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2006)

In the covering-based generalized rough set setting, lower and upper approximation operations generated by a covering do not satisfy some of common properties of classical lower and upper approximation operations. In this paper we investigate conditions for a covering under which these properties hold for the fourth type of covering-based lower and upper approximation operations.
Approach for modelling of large maritime infrastructure systems
Authors: Edwin C. Valentin, Sicco Steijaert, Rienk A. Bijlsma, Piero Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Simulation studies for large infrastructure systems often consists of a large number of experiments. Performing all experiments, and the required adjustments to simulation models, is time consuming. In addition it is difficult to keep track of all performed experiments and compare the outcome of these experiments. These issues can be clearly identified by observing a simulation study at the port of Tanger which is performed in the traditional way. In this paper we describe an alternative approach for performing simulation studies regarding large maritime infrastructure systems. This approach includes the use of a domain specific template developed in the simulation environment Arena and a database tool that enables creation, evaluation and managing simulation experiments.
Improving Fast Paxos: being optimistic with no overhead
Authors: Bernadette Charron-Bost, Andre Schiper
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (2006)

The paper addresses the cost of consensus algorithms. It has been shown that in the best case, consensus can be solved in two communication steps with f /le n/2, and in one communication step with f /le n/3 (f is the maximum number of faulty processes). This leads to a dilemma when choosing a consensus algorithm: greater efficiency or higher resiliency degree. Recently Lamport has proposed a solution called Fast Paxos, for partly escaping from this dilemma. The idea is to combine two types of rounds in a single consensus algorithm: fast rounds and rounds of the ordinary Paxos algorithm. In the best case, Fast Paxos solves consensus in one fast round, that is it requires only one communication step. Unfortunately, the combination induces some time overhead, and so Fast Paxos becomes more expensive than ordinary Paxos when fast rounds do not succeed. In this paper we go one step further: we show that it is possible to tentatively execute a fast round before a classical round without any time overhead if the fast round does not succeed.
Wireless Based Multimedia Messaging System
Authors: Jerry Zeyu Gao, Gauri Durve, Sirisha Alam, Simon Shim
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

As the significant increase of mobile device users, more wireless information services and mobile commerce applications are needed. Wireless multimedia messaging service is one of them. To meet the increasing needs of mobile users in this area, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) has been defined as a standard. This paper reports a research project on developing a wireless multimedia messaging system for mobile device users. It allows them to send, receive, and browse multimedia-based messages (in audio, text, image, video formats) in their private message boxes over a wireless network. The paper covers the system architecture, functional features, and design. Moreover, it presents its validation and performance evaluation results. Finally, some application examples, and the design challenges and lessons are reported.
Extracting Reusable Object-Oriented Legacy Code Segments with Combined Formal Concept Analysis and Slicing Techniques for Service Integration
Authors: Zhuopeng Zhang, Hongji Yang, William C. Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (2006)

Web services, together with service-oriented architectures, are promising integration technology to facilitate legacy system Webification and evolution. However, a service-oriented re-engineering process is still essential for legacy systems to survive in the service-oriented computing environment. In this service-oriented re-engineering process, understanding and reusing object-oriented code turn to be important activities. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive approach to support the extraction and integration of reusable object-oriented legacy code. In the extraction phase, formal concept analysis, which is a general and flexible technique for recovering structural design information, and inter-procedural program slicing are adopted as main reverse engineering techniques to recover reusable object-oriented code. In the integration phase, service packaging processes are presented in details. Our approach produces extracted components with core legacy object-oriented code function in Web services by wrapping underlying computing models with XML.
Verification of Control Systems using Circus
Authors: Ana Cavalcanti, Phil Clayton
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (2006)

The design of control systems is usually based on diagrammatic definitions of control laws. The independent use of Z and CSP to verify their implementations has been successful, even for very large applications; high levels of automation have been achieved with tools based on a theorem prover called ProofPower. We have extended this approach to integrate the use of Z and CSP using a notation called Circus; as a result, we can handle a larger set of diagrams and prove more properties of the implementation. In this paper, we show how we can reuse the existing tools and experience to provide automation in the context of the new technique. This gives us confidence in its applicability in industry.
Perceiving Biological Motion: Dissociating Visible Speech from Walking
Authors: Andrea Santi, Philip Servos, Eric Vatikiotis-bateson, Takaaki Kuratate, Kevin Munhall
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

Neuropsychological research suggests that the neural system underlying visible speech on the basis of kinematics is distinct from the system underlying visible speech of static images of the face and identifying whole-body actions from kinematics alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural systems underlying point-light visible speech, as well as perception of a walking/jumping point-light body, to determine if they are independent. Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas. Perception of walking biological motion activated a medial occipital area along the lingual gyrus close to the cuneus border, and the ventromedial frontal cortex, neither of which was activated by visible speech biological motion. In contrast, perception of visible speech biological motion activated right V5 and a network of motor-related areas (Broca's area, PM, M1, and supplementary motor area (SMA)), none of which were activated by walking biological motion. Many of the areas activated by seeing visible speech biological motion are similar to those activated while speech-reading from an actual face, with the exception of M1 and medial SMA. The motor-related areas found to be active during point-light visible speech are consistent with recent work characterizing the human "mirror" system (Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996).
A Projective Invariant for Textures
Authors: Yong Xu, Hui Ji, Cornelia Fermuller
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

Image texture analysis has received a lot of attention in the past years. Researchers have developed many texture signatures based on texture measurements, for the purpose of uniquely characterizing the texture. Existing texture signatures, in general, are not invariant to 3D transforms such as view-point changes and non-rigid deformations of the texture surface, which is a serious limitation for many applications. In this paper, we introduce a new texture signature, called the multifractal spectrum (MFS). It provides an efficient framework combining global spatial invariance and local robust measurements. The MFS is invariant under the bi-Lipschitz map, which includes view-point changes and non-rigid deformations of the texture surface, as well as local affine illumination changes. Experiments demonstrate that the MFS captures the essential structure of textures with quite low dimension.
An Improvement Approach of Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID
Authors: Sung-Tsun Shih, Kunta Hsieh, Pei-Yuan Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

The proliferation of mobile computing devices and wireless networks has fostered a growing interest in location sensing systems and services. In this paper we present an improvement approach of indoor location sensing using active RFID system. This is a location sensing system that tlses Radio Frequency Identijication (RFID) technology for locating objects inside a building. The m@r ahanlage ofthis system is that it improves the overall precision of locating objects by utilizing array of reference tags and some mathematic algorithms. Based on our analysis, we demonstrate that lhe ability of using active RFID to estimate user location with a high degree of accuracy. Although RFID is not designed for indoor location sensing, this algorithm can be used for indoor location sensing, and added to make RFID technologies competitive in this new andgrowing markel.
Ten years on internet time
Authors: Win Treese
Venue: netWorker (2006)

When did you start using the Internet? Ten years ago, in 1996, there were about 40 million people in the US and Canada with online access. The number worldwide was less than twice that. Today, over one billion people are estimated to be on the Internet.
Goal and scenario based domain requirements analysis environment
Authors: Jintae Kim, Minseong Kim, Sooyong Park
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2006)

Identifying and representing domain requirements among products in a product family are crucial activities for a successful software reuse. The domain requirements should be not only identified based on the business goal, which drives marketing plan, product plan, and differences among products, but also represented as familiar notations in order to support developing a particular product in the product family. Thus, our proposal is to identify the domain requirements through goals and scenarios, and represent them as variable use cases for a product family. Especially, for identification of the domain requirements, we propose four abstraction levels of requirements in a product family, and goal and scenario modeling. For representation of them, variable use case model is suggested, and also the use case transfer rules are proposed so as to bridge the gap between the identification and representation activity. The paper illustrates the application of the approach within a supporting tool using the HIS (Home Integration System) example.