ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Structure the Use: Notes on a Method for Designing Computing System Environments
Authors: P. Schorer
Venue: Computer (1981)

We may be able to design a better computer system if we think of it as an entity inseparable from all of the training, documentation, and folklore that help make it work. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Simultaneous shield and buffer insertion for crosstalk noise reduction in global routing
Authors: Tianpei Zhang, Sachin S. Sapatnekar
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2007)

As VLSI technologies scale down, interconnect performance is greatly affected by crosstalk noise due to the decreasing wire separation and increased wire aspect ratio, and crosstalk has become a major bottleneck for design closure. The effectiveness of traditional buffering and spacing techniques for noise reduction is constrained by the limited available resources on chip. In this paper, we present a method for incorporating crosstalk reduction criteria into global routing under a broad power supply network paradigm. This method utilizes power/ground wires as shields between signal wires to reduce capacitive coupling, while considering the constraints imposed by limited routing and buffering resources. An iterative procedure is employed to route signal wires, assign supply shields, and insert buffers so that both buffer/routing capacity and signal integrity goals are met. In each iteration, shield assignment and buffer insertion are considered simultaneously via a dynamic programming-like approach. Our noise calculations are based on Devgan's metric, and our work demonstrates, for the first time, that this metric shows good fidelity on average. An effective noise margin inflation technique is also proposed to compensate for the pessimism of Devgan's metric. Experimental results on testcases with up to about 10 000 nets point towards an asymptotic runtime that increases linearly with the number of nets. Our algorithm achieves noise reduction improvements of up to 53% and 28%, respectively, compared to methods considering only buffer insertion or only shield insertion after buffer planning.
TRAX: real-world tracking of moving objects
Authors: Christian S. Jensen, Stardas Pakalnis
Venue: Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases (2007)

A range of mobile services rely on knowing the current positions of populations of so-called moving objects. In the ideal setting, the positions of all objects are known always and exactly. While this is not possible in practice, it is possible to know each object's position with a certain guaranteed accuracy. This paper presents the TRAX tracking system that supports several techniques capable of tracking the current positions of moving objects with guaranteed accuracies at low update and communication costs in real-world settings. The techniques are readily relevant for practical applications, but they also have implications for continued research. The tracking techniques offer a realistic setting for existing query processing techniques that assume that it is possible to always know the exact positions of moving objects. The techniques enable studies of trade-offs between querying and update, and the accuracy guarantees they offer may be exploited by query processing techniques to offer perfect recall.
Designing the Interface of Rich Internet Applications
Authors: Matias Urbieta, Gustavo Rossi, Jeronimo Ginzburg, Daniel Schwabe
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Latin American Web Conference (2007)

In this paper we present a novel approach for designing the interface of rich internet applications. Our approach uses the Abstract Data Views (ADV) design model which allows to express at a high level of abstraction the structure and behaviors of the user interface. Additionally, by using advanced techniques for separation of concerns it allows to create complex interfaces as oblivious compositions of simple interface atoms. Using a simple illustrative example we present the rationale of our approach, its core stages and how it is integrated into the Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Method (OOHDM). Some implementation issues are finally analyzed.
An Approach for Dynamic Hardware /Software Partitioning Based on DPBIL
Authors: Le-jun Fan, Bin Li, Zhen-quan Zhuang, Zhong-qian Fu
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05 (2007)

HW/SW partitioning is one of the key steps in high-level modeling of embedded system co-design. In some kinds of data-dependence applications, the partitioning environment is dynamic. An approach based on a kind of evolutionary algorithm called DPBIL is proposed for dynamic HW/SW partitioning problem. DPBIL is inspired by Dualism or complementarity in the nature and operates on a pair of dual probability vectors to adapt itself to the dynamic environment. We systematically constructed the system model, defined the dynamic environment and conducted experimental analysis via comparison with the existing method. To enhance the exploration performance of DPBIL, a threshold constraint mechanism is introduced. Experimental results indicated that our approach is feasible and efficient for dynamic HW/SW partitioning, and has much better performance than traditional ones.
A Parallelized Surface Extraction Algorithm for Large Binary Image Data Sets Based on an Adaptive 3-D Delaunay Subdivision Strategy
Authors: YingLiang Ma, Kurt Saetzler
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2008)

In this paper we describe a novel 3-D subdivision strategy to extract the surface of binary image data. This iterative approach generates a series of surface meshes that capture different levels of detail of the underlying structure. At the highest level of detail, the resulting surface mesh generated by our approach uses only about 10% of the triangles in comparison to the marching cube algorithm (MC) even in settings were almost no image noise is present. Our approach also eliminates the so-called 'staircase effect' which voxel based algorithms like the MC are likely to show, particularly if non-uniformly sampled images are processed. Finally, we show how the presented algorithm can be parallelized by subdividing 3-D image space into rectilinear blocks of subimages. As the algorithm scales very well with an increasing number of processors in a multi-threaded setting, this approach is suited to process large image data sets of several gigabytes. Although the presented work is still computationally more expensive than simple voxel based algorithms, it produces fewer surface triangles while capturing the same level of detail, is more robust towards image noise and eliminates the above mentioned 'stair-case' effect in anisotropic settings. These properties make it particularly useful for biomedical applications, where these conditions are often encountered.
Modeling of risk losses using size-biased data
Authors: E. Yashchin
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2007)

In this paper we present a method for drawing inferences about the process of financial losses that are associated with the operations of a business. For example, for a bank such losses may be related to erroneous transactions, human error, fraud, lawsuits, or power outages. Information about the frequency and magnitude of losses is obtained through the search of a number of sources, such as printed, computerized, or Internet-based publications related to insurance and finance. The data consists of losses that were discovered in the search. We assume that the probability of a loss appearing in the body of sources and also being discovered increases with the magnitude of the loss. Our approach simultaneously models the process of losses and the process of populating the database. The approach is illustrated using data related to operational risk losses that are of special interest to the banking industry.
Ada: Programming in the 80's
Authors: C. L. Braun
Venue: Computer (1981)

In 1975 the United States Department of Defense began an effort aimed at reducing the rapidly increasing expense of military software systems. This effort has now evolved into one of software engineering's most exciting and far-reaching developments the Ada* programming language and associated support environment.
A Digital Framework for Pulse Coded Neural Network Hardware with Bit-Serial Operation
Authors: Tim Kaulmann, Deniz Dikmen, Ulrich Ruckert
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2007)

This publication presents a digital framework for build- ing up pulse coded neural networks with leaky integrate- and-fire neurons and static synapses as well as dynamic synapses. The system, including a novel communication in- frastructure, is mainly focused on ASIC synthesis but also shows a small footprint on Virtex2(Pro) FPGAs. Its bit- serial operation has been verified by simulations.
Material Supply Optimization of Large Scale Projects from a Total Cost of Ownership Perspective
Authors: Wu Li, Chaoyuan Yue, Hongsheng Xie, Yang Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05 (2007)

Efficient procurement and delivery plan of materials plays an important role in reducing construction cost of a large scale project, since the expenses of materials supply constitute the main cost of it. Little attention was given in the literature to decision on appropriate material supply of large scale projects, in the case of multiple periods, multiple suppliers, with a transit warehouse and suppliers' capacity constraints. Most of models analyzing such decision tended to consider only purchase cost, although the costs of transportation and storage may be significantly important to the decision. After educing the necessary and sufficient condition of ensuring the continuity of the construction process and the expression of the storage cost, we developed a optimization model minimizing the total cost, including purchase cost, transportation cost and storage cost of all periods. Then, the model was transformed into a multidimensional dynamic programming model, and the algorithm based a heuristic method for it to attain the optimal material supply scheme was given. Finally, we presented a numerical example and analyzed the results which show that the optimal material supply scheme can reduce the total cost.
The Logic of Computer Programming
Authors: Z. Manna
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1978)

Techniques derived from mathematical logic promise to provide an alternative to the conventional methodology for constructing, debugging, and optimizing computer programs. Ultimately, these techniques are intended to lead to the automation of many of the facets of the programming process.
Compiler algorithm language (CAL): an interpreter and compiler
Authors: Abhinav Bhatele, Shubham Satyarth, Sanjeev K. Aggarwal
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on IASTED International Conference: Advances in Computer Science and Technology (2007)

We have designed a Compiler Algorithm Language (CAL) to provide compiler writers with a language which is close to actual algorithmic notation. In this work, we have developed an interpreter and debugger for CAL which can be used by researchers for algorithm testing. We also provide a compiler that can translate CAL programs to C code which can be plugged elsewhere. We have provided a Graphical User Interface to make it convenient for the user to use the interpreter and compiler. Another feature of our system is web-enabling of the entire project so that a remote user would not have to download the entire code. Altogether, we have attempted to save the compiler writers from the trouble of writing lengthy programs for their algorithms.
Notes on improving Lisp
Authors: John McCarthy
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Lisp Pointers (1987)

I understand that there is considerable tension between the goal of standardizing Common Lisp and the idea, prominent in Europe, that major improvements should be made in the course of creating an international standard. I agree with the idea that Common Lisp should be standardized as a consolidation of existing practice, and that innovations should be avoided in this process. My experience with the Algol 60 meetings led me to the opinion that innovation and standardization do not mix well. The trading involved in compromising interests in existing ways of doing things is only too compatible with what might be called implicit academic log rolling. "I'll agree that your new idea is great if you'll agree with mine." The result is an unimplementable monstrosity.
Advances in Hardware: Chips to Systems
Authors: K. J. Thurber
Venue: Computer (1981)

Computer system hardware continues to advance by leaps and bounds. The cost of many types of logic and memory circuits is decreasing at annualized rates of 25 to 50 percent, and new interconnection strategies are being developed as circuits on a chip begin to resemble complex processors. We can foresee complete systems on a single chip, a computer in every home, an automated system in every office, and international assemblies of computer systems communicating via satellite networks. The future is now.
A Hybrid Texture Analysis System based on Non-Linear & Oriented Kernels, Particle Swarm Optimization, and kNN vs. Support Vector Machines
Authors: Stefanie Peters, Andreas Koenig
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (2007)

This paper expands our previous activities on automated texture analysis applying optimized nonlinear and oriented kernels. The operator parameterization is achieved using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The sensitivity of the voting k- Nearest-Neighbor (kNN) classifier used in the optimization process and for texture classification is explored in respect of the number of used neighbors. Additionally, support vector machines (SVM) with the reputation to procure better results are applied. Contrary to a recommended grid search for the parameter selection, the adaptation of the free SVM parameters is included into the global optimization process with PSO. Our work was tested with benchmark and application data from leather inspection.
Design of Active Substrate Noise Canceller using Power Supply di/dt Detector
Authors: Taisuke Kazama, Toru Nakura, Makoto Ikeda, Kunihiro Asada
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2007)

As the growing demand of mixed-signal designs as A/D, D/A and PLL integrated with large scale digital circuits, substrate noise becomes serious concern. On the other hand, the remedies using guard ring and decoupling capacitor do not have enough efficiency against high frequency noise due to their parasitic component. To supress the impact of substrate noise, on-chip active noise cancelling technique using di/dt detector has been proposed[1][2][3]. This aper introduces an example design of feedforward active substrate noise canceling technique using multiple power supply di/dt detector and demonstrates the noise cancelling results by the measurement of 0.35 ¿m CMOS test chip.
Service-Oriented Computing: State of the Art and Research Challenges
Authors: Michael P. Papazoglou, Paolo Traverso, Schahram Dustdar, Frank Leymann
Venue: Computer (2007)

Service-oriented computing promotes the idea of assembling application components into a network of services that can be loosely coupled to create flexible, dynamic business processes and agile applications that span organizations and computing platforms. An SOC research road map provides a context for exploring ongoing research activities.
Research on Grid-Enabled Parallel Strategies of Automatic Wavelet-based Registration of Remote-Sensing Images and Its Application in ChinaGrid
Authors: Haifang Zhou, Yu Tang, Xuejun Yang, Hengzhu Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics (2007)

ChinaGrid is an important project aiming to providing high performance services in a grid computing environment.One of the applications offered by ChinaGrid, image registration is described. It is an important processing step in many applications of remote sensing area, which is requires intensive computing power. Firstly, the serial and existing parallel strategies of wavelet-based automatic image registration are overviewed. And then, some grid-enabled optimization for two of them, Hybrid-Parallel (HP) and Group-Parallel (GP), is given. Thirdly, all of these parallel strategies are reevaluated for grid environment theoretically and a performance testing of these parallel algorithms is done on a simulated grid platform. Experimental results show that our optimization is effective but the basic simple parallel strategy Parameter-Parallel (PP) is the best choice for grid. The parallel algorithms proposed here have been integrated into related service system of ChinaGrid.
Visualization Pipeline for Medical Datasets on Grid Computing Environment
Authors: Aboamama Atahar Ahmed, Muhammad Shafie Abd Latiff, Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar, Zainul Ahmad Rajion
Venue: Proceedings of the The 2007 International Conference Computational Science and its Applications (2007)

Distance visualization of large datasets often takes the direction of remote viewing and zooming techniques of stored static images. However, the continuous increase in the size of datasets and visualization operation causes insufficient performance with traditional desktop computers. Additionally, the visualization techniques such as Isosurface depend on the available resources of the running machine and the size of datasets. Moreover, the continuous demand for powerful computing powers and continuous increase in the size of datasets results an urgent need for a grid computing infrastructure. However, some issues arise in current grid such as resources availability at the client machines which are not sufficient enough to process large datasets. On top of that, different output devices and different network bandwidth between the visualization pipeline components often result output suitable for one machine and not suitable for another. In this paper we investigate how the grid services could be used to support remote visualization of large datasets and to break the constraint of physical co-location of the resources by applying the grid computing technologies. We show our grid enabled architecture to visualize large medical datasets (circa 5 million polygons) for remote interactive visualization on modest resources clients.
Special Feature: Developments and Directions in Computer Architecture
Authors: G. J. Lipovski
Venue: Computer (1978)

The microprocessor revolution is impacting von Neumann computer organization, as well as parallel and distributed processing. Herewith a perspective on where we are and where we are going in computer architecture.
Test-Driven Component Integration with UML 2.0 Testing and Monitoring Profile
Authors: Donglin Liang, Kai Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Quality Software (2007)

Test-driven development (TDD) is a software develop- ment methodology for achieving high reliability. However, the practice of TDD at the integration level is rare. In this paper, we propose a test-driven component integration ap- proach with the support of UML 2.0 Testing and Monitoring Profile (U2TMP) that is also proposed in this paper. In our approach, automated integration-level test cases are spec- ified using U2TMP before writing the glue-code that inte- grates components. U2TMP enhances UML 2.0 diagrams for specifying how test scenarios should be set up and how the integrated components are expected to interact under these scenarios. Test cases written in U2TMP can be auto- matically transformed into test artifacts that setup the test environment, generate test stimuli, and monitor the compo- nent interactions at runtime. These test cases serve as a guideline for writing the glue-code and a regression test- bed. With this approach, the software developers may pro- duce glue-code of high reliability.
Data Mining Used in Rule Design for Active Database Systems
Authors: Min Dai, Ya-Lou Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume 04 (2007)

Rule design is very important for active database system implementation. But, it is also very difficult for us because of lacking methodology and support. In the paper, active rule design is regarded as a whole process and identified to three steps: rule extraction, rule analysis, and rule update. Data mining technique is originally introduced into rule design by us to cope with the problems arisen in active semantic extraction, termination analysis of rules set, and rules update. Rule mining methods are adopted to extract active semantics, and the discovered rules are used to assist active rule specification. Data mining technique is integrated with the triggering graph to improve the accuracy of termination analysis. Finally, data mining technique is used to identify new semantics and determine which rules should be updated.
MPEG-7 in practice: analysis of a television news retrieval application
Authors: Nastaran Fatemi
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2007)

This article provides an overview of our experiments in using MPEG-7 in a television news retrieval application. Our study is based on a survey of professional users in the Télévision Suisse Romande (TSR) television news production environment. We present here two main issues. First, we describe the way the generic and voluminous MPEG-7 Schema can be exploited in the context of a specific application domain. Second, we discuss the problem of how to search MPEG-7 descriptions, which are detailed and complex by nature, via a high-level user-oriented retrieval model.
An Agent-based Approach for the Maintenance of Database Applications
Authors: S. K. Gardikiotis, V. S. Lazarou, N. Malevris
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications (2007)

Database systems lie at the core of almost every modern software application. The interaction between the application source code and the underlying database schema results in a dependency relationship that affects the application's maintainability by raising a number of additional maintenance issues. To assess this effect and facilitate the maintenance process, a software engineering approach based on software agents is introduced. The distributed and cooperative nature of a software agent system provides the flexibility required to analyze modern multi-tier database applications such as web-based applications. A prototype system, which employs agent architecture in order to satisfy the requirements of the suggested approach, is presented.