ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Approach to Concordance Readability
Authors: Xuri Tang, Zi Peng, Dongmei Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application (2007)

Poor readability in concordance result makes the prompt application of corpus in language teaching difficult. This article proposes an adaptive approach to improve concordance readability. The approach, based on the observation that readability is relevant to both text and individual reader, incorporates into the concordance process two types of information: sentence Dale-chall Index and user's reading ability. The Dale-chall Index for each sentence in the corpus is computed with an adapted Dale-chall Index computation algorithm. The user's reading ability is measured by an adaptive reading assessment which is built within the framework of Item Response Theory. Initial test shows that the concordance readability is improved to a large extent.
Varieties of interoperability in the transformation of the health-care information infrastructure
Authors: Barbara A. Eckman, Craig A. Bennett, James H. Kaufman, Jeffrey W. Tenner
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2007)

Health-care costs are rising dramatically. Errors in medical delivery are associated with an alarming number of preventable, often fatal adverse events. A promising strategy for reversing these trends is to modernize and transform the health-care information exchange (HIE), that is, the mobilization of health-care information electronically across organizations within a region or community. The current HIE is inefficient and error-prone; it is largely paper-based, fragmented, and therefore overly complex, often relying on antiquated IT (information technology). To address these weaknesses, projects are underway to build regional and national HIEs which provide interoperable access to a variety of data sources, by a variety of stakeholders, for a variety of purposes. In this paper we present a technologist's guide to health-care interoperability. We define the stakeholders, roles, and activities that comprise an HIE solution; we describe a spectrum of interoperability approaches and point out their advantages and disadvantages; and we look in some detail at a set of real-world scenarios, discussing the interoperability approaches that best address the needs. These examples are drawn from IBM experience with real-world HIE engagements.
Enhancing the Programmability of Spreadsheets with Logic Programming
Authors: Philip T. Cox
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (2007)

Spreadsheet languages, of which Microsoft Excel is the prototypical example, are arguably the most successful and widely used visual programming languages. The programming facilities provided by spreadsheets, however, are severely limited, forcing users who need more complex computations to resort to convoluted arrangements of arrays of intermediate results, textual languages such as Basic, built-in functions, and various other ad hoc devices that have been added over the years. A consequence of this deficiency is that, despite their usefulness, spreadsheets are among the most error-prone of programming tools. To address this shortcoming, we propose an enhancement in which sheets can be programmed using logic programming. By replacing lists, the fundamental data structures of logic languages, with arrays, the fundamental structures of spreadsheets, we achieve a natural integration of logic-based and sheet-based computation, providing a concrete visualisation of operations that divide and assemble arrays of cells.
Mobile learning systems for digital natives
Authors: Shadi Al-khamayseh, Agnieszka Zmijewska, Elaine Lawrence, Gordana Culjak
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

In late 2005 and early 2006 the authors carried out a survey of Information Technology professors in eight universities in Australia, New Zealand, the USA and Europe to explore their ways of coping with large group teaching. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of various teaching methodologies in similar Faculties teaching IT around the world. Interviewees were selected through web-based research to identify the most comparable teaching departments from various universities locally, nationally and internationally. In telephone interviews many of the respondents reported on their use of the Internet for teaching and managing large groups but none mentioned the use of mobile learning as a strategy. In this paper we argue that mobile devices such as the video iPod, 3G phones and PDAs have the potential to revolutionize the learning experiences of the 21st century students.
How interface agents affect interaction between humans and computers
Authors: Jodi Forlizzi, John Zimmerman, Vince Mancuso, Sonya Kwak
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Designing pleasurable products and interfaces (2007)

For many years, the HCI community has harbored a vision of interacting with intelligent, embodied computer agents. However, the reality of this vision remains elusive. From an interaction design perspective, little is known about how to specifically design an embodied agent to support the task it will perform and the social interactions that will result. This paper presents design research that explores the relationship between the visual features of embodied agents and the tasks they perform, and the social attributions that result. Our results show a clear link between agent task and agent form and reveals that people often prefer agents who conform to gender stereotypes associated with tasks. Based on the results of this work, we provide a set of emerging design considerations to help guide interaction designers in creating the visual form of embodied agents.
Evaluation of Simulated Annealing to solve fuzzy optimization problems
Authors: Leonilde Rocha Varela, Rita Almeida Ribeiro
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology (2003)

Simulated Annealing (SA) is a reasonable algorithm for solving optimization problems, through the selection of the best solution among a finite number of possible solutions. It is a particularly attractive technique to solve fuzzy optimization problems, because it allows finding near-optimal solutions, which, in a fuzzy environment, is usually good enough and without a large computational effort. We present a representative set of problems for testing the SA algorithm suitability and performance. The SA performance is measured in terms of the objective function values, considering several trade-offs on constraints satisfaction levels, and computational time to achieve a solution. Furthermore, we discuss the parameters that control the SA algorithm to show how easily they can be manipulated. The set of fuzzy optimization problems tested were formulated following the complete fuzzification method proposed by Ribeiro and Moura-Pires (1999). The results obtained show the flexibility and adaptability of the SA algorithm to solve fuzzy optimization problems.
Password policy simulation and analysis
Authors: Richard Shay, Abhilasha Bhargav-Spantzel, Elisa Bertino
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Digital identity management (2007)

Passwords are an ubiquitous and critical component of many security systems. As the information and access guarded by passwords become more necessary, we become ever more dependent upon the security passwords provide. The creation and management of passwords is crucial, and for this we must develop and deploy password policies. This paper focuses on defining and modeling password policies for the entire password policy lifecycle. The paper first discusses a language for specifying password policies. Then, a simulation model is presented with a comprehensive set of variables and the algorithm for simulating a password policy and its impact. Finally, the paper presents several simulation results using the password policy simulation tool.
E-learning for adult learners: a case study
Authors: P. Henry van Zyl, Esther H. Paist
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth conference on IASTED International Conference Web-Based Education - Volume 2 (2007)

Adults have unique styles of learning, and more and more of them are turning to eLearning solutions to acquire the academic credentials and the comfort with the Information Society they need to function effectively in today's world. Thomas Edison State College, a pioneer in delivering courses and programs via eLearning options whose mission is to provide collegiate learning opportunities for self-directed adults, responds to the needs of its adult students by using a special mix of technologies to offer customized development and delivery of academic programs and courses. After a brief overview of adult learning styles and Thomas Edison State College's learning options, this paper discusses the organizational and management issues the College faces as it seeks to bring its students into the Information Society in ways that align on institutionally identified learning outcomes. New efforts and works in progress are also described in the context of the College's Strategic Vision Plan, covering the period from January 2006 through June 2012.
Technical Documentation by MAGIC
Authors: J. B. Macdonald
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1981)

A multifaceted computer graphics system expedites the production of technical manuals for a large communications network.
Multiorder neurons for evolutionary higher-order clustering and growth
Authors: Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng-Uei Guan
Venue: Neural Computation (2007)

This letter proposes to use multiorder neurons for clustering irregularly shaped data arrangements. Multiorder neurons are an evolutionary extension of the use of higher-order neurons in clustering. Higher-order neurons parametrically model complex neuron shapes by replacing the classic synaptic weight by higher-order tensors. The multiorder neuron goes one step further and eliminates two problems associated with higher-order neurons. First, it uses evolutionary algorithms to select the best neuron order for a given problem. Second, it obtains more information about the underlying data distribution by identifying the correct order for a given cluster of patterns. Empirically we observed that when the correlation of clusters found with ground truth information is used in measuring clustering accuracy, the proposed evolutionary multiorder neurons method can be shown to outperform other related clustering methods. The simulation results from the Iris, Wine, and Glass data sets show significant improvement when compared to the results obtained using self-organizing maps and higher-order neurons. The letter also proposes an intuitive model by which multiorder neurons can be grown, thereby determining the number of clusters in data.
Microsystems Microprocessor Networks
Authors: W. L. Spetz
Venue: Computer (1977)

The phenomenal growth of the microprocessor business over the last two years has been well covered in the technical literature. Extrapolating from this growth, typical predictions of future trends have suggested that by 1980, microprocessor complexity will increase five to ten times while the speed of the chip will triple.1It seems reasonable to expect this performance at approximately today's microprocessor prices. If instruction set efficiency is assumed to show a direct correspondence with chip complexity, these chips can be expected to be 15 to 30 times as capable in a given application. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Comments on "An Optimal Algorithm for Testing Stuck-at Faults in Random Access Memories"
Authors: R. Nair
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1979)

An efficient, optimal test sequence for detecting multiple stuck-at faults in random access memories (RAM's) for any decoder implementation is presented. Another algorithm which does not assume any particular wired logic behavior of simultaneously accessed storage locations, is also presented.
A Comprehensive Light-Source Description for Computer Graphics
Authors: Channing Verbeck, Donald Greenberg
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1984)

For realistic simulation it is necessary to thoroughly define and describe light-source characteristics¿especially the light-source geometry and the luminous intensity distribution.
A Hybrid Multi-Expert Systems for HEp-2 Staining Pattern Classification
Authors: Paolo Soda, Giulio Iannello
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (2007)

In autoimmune diseases, HEp-2 cells are used to detect antinuclear autoantibodies through Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) method. These cells can reveal different staining patterns that are relevant to diagnostic purposes. To classify them highly specialized personnel are required, who are not always available. In this respect, a medical demand is the development of a recognition system supporting such an activity. In this paper we present a hybrid Multi-Expert Systems (MES) based on the reduction of the multiclass learning task to several binary problems. The combination scheme, based on both classifier fusion and selection, employs reliability estimators that aim at improving the accuracy of final classification. The performance of such a hybrid system has been compared with those of a MES based only on classifier selection , showing that the hybrid approach benefits of advantages of both combination rules.
New Metrics for Evaluating Performance in Document Analysis Tasks_Application to the Table Case
Authors: Ana Costa e Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 01 (2007)

Is an algorithm capable of high precision and recall at classifying lines as part of table really good at locating tables? Several document analysis tasks require gluing or cutting certain document elements to form others. The suitability of the commonly used precision and recall for such division/aggregation tasks is arguable, since their underlying assumption is that the granularity of the items at input is the same as at output. We propose new evaluation metrics especially suited for this type of tasks, and show their application in several table tasks. In the process we present robust table location and cell segmentation algorithms.
The application of microprogramming technology
Authors: J. A. Clapp
Venue: ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter (1972)

This report surveys promising applications of microprogramming. Emphasis is on the value of microprogramming as a tool which permits computer users to modify the architecture of a general-purpose machine to better match a particular set of requirements. Factors are discussed which affect the choice of microprogramming over hardware and software in the design and implementation of computer-based systems. Actual and potential examples of its application are given to illustrate its relevance to the solution of implementation and performance problems. Finally, research and development tasks are proposed which lead to the realization of the benefits of this technology in operational systems.
Application of the Improved Genetic Algorithms With Real Code on GPS Data Processing
Authors: Zhimin Liu, Zhixing Du, Rong Zou
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation - Volume 05 (2007)

Because of some advantages, such as simpleness, parallel and robustness on resolving numerical value optimization problems, genetic algorithms (GA) were improved and applied on Global Positioning System (GPS) high precision positioning data processing. Aimed on the integer nature of double difference ambiguities and the real nature of baseline coordinates, the real-coded methods of GA were improved in order to satisfy to the solution sets characteristic of GPS positioning. And then the corresponding genetic operators and control parameters were modified. The method to solve synchronously the GPS relative positioning was raised based on nonlinear least-square principle. So the dependence on the accuracy of float solution was avoided, and the improved GA helped to enhance the search optimum success rate. Through a large number of cases, the tests of the proposed method were practiced and it was verified that this improved GA were superior to data processing of GPS carrier phase relative positioning resolution on stability and efficiency.
States on semi-divisible residuated lattices
Authors: Esko Turunen, Janne Mertanen
Venue: Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications (2007)

Given a residuated lattice L, we prove that the subset MV(L) of complement elements x * of L generates an MV-algebra if, and only if L is semi-divisible. Rie&#x010d;an states on a semi-divisible residuated lattice L, and Rie&#x010d;an states on MV(L) are essentially the very same thing. The same holds for Bosbach states as far as L is divisible. There are semi-divisible residuated lattices that do not have Bosbach states.
A P2P-based Architecture for SemanticWeb Service Automatic Composition
Authors: Federica Mandreoli, Antonio M. Perdichizzi, Wilma Penzo
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2007)

The ultimate vision for eBusiness is an Internet-based global market place, accessible to all enterprises, regardless of size and geographical location, where automatic cooperation and integration among firms are allowed and enhanced. A powerful mean for these purposes is represented by sharing, reusing and composing value-added services made available on the Web, i.e. Web services. In this scenario, by making the Web content machine accessible and understandable, semantic Web services aim to provide efficient and effective Web service automatic discovery, selection, and composition. As part of the NeP4B project, in this paper we propose an architecture to address these issues in a flexible and scalable P2P network.
A Praxical Solution of the Symbol Grounding Problem
Authors: Mariarosaria Taddeo, Luciano Floridi
Venue: Minds and Machines (2007)

This article is the second step in our research into the Symbol Grounding Problem (SGP). In a previous work, we defined the main condition that must be satisfied by any strategy in order to provide a valid solution to the SGP, namely the zero semantic commitment condition (Z condition). We then showed that all the main strategies proposed so far fail to satisfy the Z condition, although they provide several important lessons to be followed by any new proposal. Here, we develop a new solution of the SGP. It is called praxical in order to stress the key role played by the interactions between the agents and their environment. It is based on a new theory of meaning--Action-based Semantics (AbS)--and on a new kind of artificial agents, called two-machine artificial agents (AM²). Thanks to their architecture, AM2s implement AbS, and this allows them to ground their symbols semantically and to develop some fairly advanced semantic abilities, including the development of semantically grounded communication and the elaboration of representations, while still respecting the Z condition.
Spatio-temporal biologically inspired models for clean and noisy speech recognition
Authors: Zouhour Neji Ben Salem, Laurent Boougrain, Frédéric Alexandre
Venue: Neurocomputing (2007)

Speech perception and recognition using biologically inspired models is a challenging issue not well explored yet. The paper presents two spatio-temporal biologically inspired methods for the preprocessing and learning of speech signal based on self-organization map (SOM). The experimental results are very encouraging and provide a framework that could be more studied to enhance speech perception and recognition technology.
Performance Behavior of AODV, DSR and DSDV Protocols for Different Radio Models in Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks
Authors: Tao Yang, Makoto Ikeda, Giuseppe De Marco, Leonard Barolli
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (2007)

In this paper, we consider the behavior of a wireless adhoc sensor network for different radio models. By means of simulations, we analyze the performance of three protocols: AODV, DSR, and DSDV considering two radio models TwoRayGround and Shadowing. In difference with other works, we generalize the type of radio model by allowing the path-loss randomnesses to be present in the service environment of the network. We study the perceived goodput at the sink node and compare the performance of three protocols for different scenarios. The simulation results confirm the fact that the shadowing phenomena, by destroying the regularity of the network, reduce the mean distance among nodes and at the same time increase the interference level and the latency of packet transmission. We found that the packet delivery ratio of AODV and DSR routing protocols are more stable than DSDV protocol.
Marmite: Towards End-User Programming for the Web
Authors: Jeffrey Wong
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (2007)

Many information tasks on the web require users to make use of multiple websites, for both content as well as information processing or visualization features. Programmers have created "mashups," which customize or combine the functionality of multiple websites by extracting information from web pages or accessing web services APIs. Non-programmers lack the tools or skills create such customizations because of the programming obstacles involved. Marmite is a tool that empowers non-programmers to create functionality similar to those found in mashups.
A study of a routing attack in OLSR-based mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Bounpadith Kannhavong, Hidehisa Nakayama, Nei Kato, Abbas Jamalipour, Yoshiaki Nemoto
Venue: International Journal of Communication Systems (2007)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes which are able to communicate with each other without relying on predefined infrastructures or central administration. Due to their flexibilities and easy deployment, MANET can be applied in situation where network infrastructures are not available. However, due to their unique characteristics such as open medium and the lack of central administration, they are much more vulnerable to malicious attacks than a conventional infrastructured wireless network. MANET employs routing to provide connectivity for mobile nodes that are not within direct wireless transmission range. Existing routing protocols in MANET assume a trusted and cooperative environment. However, in hostile environment, mobile nodes are susceptible to various kinds of routing attacks. In this paper, we show that an OLSR MANET node is prone to be isolated by malicious attack called Node Isolation attack. After analysing the attack in detail, we present a technique to mitigate the impact of the attack and improve the performance of the network when the attack is launched. The results of our implementations illustrate that the proposed solution can mitigate the attack efficiently. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.