ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Analysis of SMTP Connection Characteristics for Detecting Spam Relays
Authors: PJ Sandford, JM Sandford, DJ Parish
Venue: Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (2006)

Research into preventing spam is an ongoing concern. Much of the effort to date has focused on filtering email at the receiving end using techniques such as content filters. Techniques that could prevent spam from initially being sent would be beneficial and contribute to the preventative effort. In practice much spam is sent from compromised hosts. These can potentially be detected by ISPs using simple monitoring techniques. This monitoring takes place in the core of an ISP's network and provides a periodic summary of email activity. Relatively simple post-capture analysis can then identify the most significant spam relay machines.
The Liberty Simulation Environment: A deliberate approach to high-level system modeling
Authors: Manish Vachharajani, Neil Vachharajani, David A. Penry, Jason A. Blome, Sharad Malik, David I. August
Venue: ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) (2006)

In digital hardware system design, the quality of the product is directly related to the number of meaningful design alternatives properly considered. Unfortunately, existing modeling methodologies and tools have properties which make them less than ideal for rapid and accurate design-space exploration. This article identifies and evaluates the shortcomings of existing methods to motivate the Liberty Simulation Environment (LSE). LSE is a high-level modeling tool engineered to address these limitations, allowing for the rapid construction of accurate high-level simulation models. LSE simplifies model specification with low-overhead component-based reuse techniques and an abstraction for timing control. As part of a detailed description of LSE, this article presents these features, their impact on model specification effort, their implementation, and optimizations created to mitigate their otherwise deleterious impact on simulator execution performance.
Monte Carlo simulation of killed diffusions with a single barrier
Authors: Bruno Casella, Gareth O. Roberts
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

We present a simple algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of killed diffusions with a single barrier. The algorithm returns an unbiased, Rao-Blackwellized Monte Carlo estimator for a certain class diffusion processes. Notably, the explicit knowledge of the transition laws of the process is not a prerequisite for our unbiased Monte Carlo method. The numerical test demonstrates that the proposed estimator performs very favorably in comparison to competitors based on discretization schemes.
On Agile Performance Requirements Specification and Testing
Authors: Chih-Wei Ho, Michael J. Johnson, Laurie Williams, E. Michael Maximilien
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Underspecified performance requirements can cause performance issues in a software system. However, a complete, upfront analysis of a software system is difficult, and usually not desirable. We propose an evolutionary model for performance requirements specifications and corresponding validation testing. The principles of the model can be integrated into agile development methods. Using this approach, the performance requirements and test cases can be specified incrementally, without big upfront analysis. We also provide a post hoc examination of a development effort at IBMthat had a high focus on performance requirements. The examination indicates that our evolutionary model can be used to specify performance requirements such that the level of detail is commensurate with the nature of the project. Additionally, the IBM experience indicates that test driven development-type validation testing corresponding to the model can be used to determine if performance objectives have been met.
Reducing Hajós' 4-coloring conjecture to 4-connected graphs
Authors: Xingxing Yu, Florian Zickfeld
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B (2006)

Hajós conjectured that, for any positive integer k, every graph containing no Kk+1-subdivision is k-colorable. This is true when k ≤ 3, and false when k ≥ 6. Hajós' conjecture remains open for k = 4, 5. In this paper, we show that any possible counterexample to this conjecture for k = 4 with minimum number of vertices must be 4-connected. This is a step in an attempt to reduce Hajós' conjecture for k = 4 to the conjecture of Seymour that any 5-connected non-planar graph contains a K5-subdivision.
Abnormal Processing of Social Information from Faces in Autism
Authors: Ralph Adolphs, Lonnie Sears, Joseph Piven
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2001)

Autism has been thought to be characterized, in part, by dysfunction in emotional and social cognition, but the pathology of the underlying processes and their neural substrates remain poorly understood. Several studies have hypothesized that abnormal amygdala function may account for some of the impairments seen in autism, specifically, impaired recognition of socially relevant information from faces. We explored this issue in eight high-functioning subjects with autism in four experiments that assessed recognition of emotional and social information, primarily from faces. All tasks used were identical to those previously used in studies of subjects with bilateral amygdala damage, permitting direct comparisons. All subjects with autism made abnormal social judgments regarding the trustworthiness of faces; however, all were able to make normal social judgments from lexical stimuli, and all had a normal ability to perceptually discriminate the stimuli. Overall, these data from subjects with autism show some parallels to those from neurological subjects with focal amygdala damage. We suggest that amygdala dysfunction in autism might contribute to an impaired ability to link visual perception of socially relevant stimuli with retrieval of social knowledge and with elicitation of social behavior.
Verification of Intelligent Agents with ACTL for Epistemic Reasoning
Authors: Marina Bagic, Marijan Kun!stic
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Verification of multi-agent systems (MAS) is a huge challenge, especially for those systems where security and safety are of major importance. Verification detects faults, defects and drawbacks in an early stage of software development. Here, we give a formal model for verification of MAS by means of model checking technique. We extend the existing Action Computation Tree Logic (ACTL) with epistemic operators in order to reason about knowledge properties of MAS. We introduce new operators for manipulation on agent's actions with data. We explain their syntax and semantics for our ACTL-er (ACTL for Epistemic Reasoning), and provide a case study for a MAS system of foraging bees.
Energy-optimal steering of transitions through a fractal basin boundary
Authors: A. N. Silchenko, S. Beri, D. G. Luchinsky, V. E. McClintock
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 2 (2003)

We study fluctuational transitions in a discrete dynamical system having two co-existing attractors in phase space, separated by a fractal basin boundary. It is shown that transitions occur via a unique accessible point on the boundary. The complicated structure of the paths inside the fractal boundary is determined by a hierarchy of homoclinic original saddles. By exploiting an analogy between the control problem and the concept of an optimal fluctuational path, we identify the optimal deterministic control function as being equivalent to the optimal fluctuational force obtained from a numerical analysis of the fluctuational transitions between two states.
The Intraparietal Sulcus and Perceptual Organization
Authors: Rhodri Cusack
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

The structuring of the sensory scene (perceptual organization) profoundly affects what we perceive, and is of increasing clinical interest. In both vision and audition, many cues have been identified that influence perceptual organization, but only a little is known about its neural basis. Previous studies have suggested that auditory cortex may play a role in auditory perceptual organization (also called auditory stream segregation). However, these studies were limited in that they just examined auditory cortex and that the stimuli they used to generate different organizations had different physical characteristics, which per se may have led to the differences in neural response. In the current study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to test for an effect of perceptual organization across the whole brain. To avoid confounding physical changes to the stimuli with differences in perceptual organization, we exploited an ambiguous auditory figure that is sometimes perceived as a single auditory stream and sometimes as two streams. We found that regions in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS ) showed greater activity when 2 streams were perceived rather than 1. The specific involvement of this region in perceptual organization is exciting, as there is a growing literature that suggests a role for the IPS in binding in vision, touch, and cross-modally. This evidence is discussed, and a general role proposed for regions of the IPS in structuring sensory input.
Virtual-environment-based telerehabilitation in patients with stroke
Authors: Maureen K. Holden, Thomas A. Dyar, Lee Schwamm, Emilio Bizzi
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2005)

We describe a telerehabilitation system that has been developed in our laboratory, and initial results following use of the system on 2 patients with stroke. The system allows a therapist in a remote location to conduct treatment sessions, using a virtual-environment-based motor-training system, with a patient who is located at home. The system consists of a patient computer with motion-capture equipment and video camera, a therapist computer with video camera, and virtual-environment software that is synchronized over a high-speed Internet connection. The patient's movements are animated within the context of a virtual scene as she attempts to imitate a prerecorded movement, while the therapist can direct and monitor the activity in real time, as displayed in the animated virtual scene and via videoconference. The design, technical testing, and clinical feasibility testing of the system are reported. Results from the first 2 stroke patients to use the system indicate that patients made significant gains in upper-extremity function as measured by standard clinical tests and by their subjective report. As well, both patients demonstrated gains on quantitative kinematic measures of upper-extremity trajectories performed in the real world, indicating transfer of training from VE to real-world performance.
The computer clubhouse: helping youth develop fluency with new media
Authors: Mitchel Resnick, Natalie Rusk
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

The gap between the technological haves and have-nots is widening, leading to dangerous economic and cultural rifts in our society. But access to technology alone is not enough to bridge this gap. This paper describes a new model of a learning community, called the Computer Clubhouse, that breaks away from the traditional computer lab. At the Clubhouse, inner-city youth become designers and creators---not just consumers---of computer-based products. The paper describes four core principles of the Clubhouse educational approach---and discusses how the Clubhouse helps prepare today's youth for life and work in tomorrow's world.
A realistic simulation of internet-scale events
Authors: Songjie Wei, Jelena Mirkovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

Internet-scale security incidents are becoming increasingly common, and the researchers need tools to replicate and study them in a controlled setting. Current network simulators, mathematical event models and testbed emulation cannot faithfully replicate events at such a large scale. They either omit or simplify the relevant features of the Internet environment to meet the scale challenge, thus compromising fidelity. We present a distributed worm spread simulator, called PAWS, that builds a realistic Internet model, including the AS-level topology, the limited link bandwidths, and the legitimate traffic patterns. PAWS can support diversity of Internet participants at any desired granularity, because it simulates each vulnerable host individually. Faithful replication of Internet environment, its diversity and its interaction with the simulated event, all lead to a high-fidelity simulation that can be used to study event dynamics and evaluate possible defenses. While PAWS is customized for worm spread simulation, it is a modular large-scale simulator with a realistic Internet model, that can be easily extended to simulate other Internet-scale events.
An Alternate Way to Rank Hyper-linked Web-Pages
Authors: Anirban Kundu, Ruma Dutta, Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Technology (2006)

Search for a Web-page using Crawler based Search Engine depends on its Ranking Mechanism. Search Engine sorts through millions of Web-pages and present the significant Web-pages through Ranking method. A new approach is proposed here adopting Cellular Automata.
A framework for integrating learning into business processes
Authors: I. T. Hawryszkiewycz
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 South East Asia Regional Computer Science Confederation (SEARCC) Conference - Volume 46 (2005)

Integrating learning into business processes has the advantage of raising skill and knowledge levels of process participants in cost effective ways. To get this advantage, however, requires ways to go beyond current practice of standard learning modules into more personalized systems that address knowledge gaps on a just-in-time basis as they are discovered during process execution. In that case process participants need to learn in the context of their particular task. Current practices in learning and teaching have been towards learning in context, known as constructivist learning, which has similarities to business process needs. This paper will describe such practices and describe their application in a University environment. It will then suggest ways to transfer them into personalized practical contexts.
Fractional order control strategies for power electronic buck converters
Authors: A. J. Calderón, B. M. Vinagre, V. Feliu
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

This paper presents several alternative methods for the control of power electronic buck converters applying fractional order control (FOC). For achieving this goal, the controller design will be carried out by two strategies. On the one hand, the design of a linear controller for the DC/DC buck converter will be considered. In that sense, the Bode's ideal function will be used as reference system. On the other hand, the fractional calculus is proposed in order to determine the switching surface applying a fractional sliding mode control (FRSMC) scheme to the control of such devices. In that sense, switching surfaces based on fractional order PID and PI structures are defined. An experimental prototype has been developed and the experimental and simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed control strategies.
Modeling emergency departments using discrete event simulation techniques
Authors: Alexander Komashie, Ali Mousavi
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

This paper discusses the application of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) for modeling the operations of an Emergency Department (ED). The model was developed to help the ED managers understand the behavior of the system with regard to the hidden causes of excessive waiting times. It served as a tool for assessing the impact of major departmental resources on Key Performance Indicators, and was also used as a cost effective method for testing various what-if scenarios for possible system improvement. The study greatly enhanced managers' understanding of the system and how patient flow is influenced by process changes and resource availability. The results of this work also helped managers to either reverse or modify some proposed changes to the system that were previously being considered. The results also show a possible reduction of more than 20% in patients' waiting times.
Dynamic Bayesian Networks in Modelling Cellular Systems: a Critical Appraisal on Simulated Data
Authors: Fulvia Ferrazzi, Paola Sebastiani, Isaac S. Kohane, Marco F. Ramoni, Riccardo Bellazzi
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

Dynamic Bayesian networks offer a powerful modelling tool to unravel cellular mechanisms. In particular, Gaussian Networks have recently been used to model gene expression data, thanks to their capability to avoid information loss associated with discretization and their good computational efficiency. Gaussian Networks typically describe the conditional mean of a node as a linear regression of the parent variables. Such model can be generalized by using a linear regression of nonlinear transformations of the parent values. In this paper we investigate the use of both models and evaluate the performance of Gaussian Networks in learning the complex dynamic interactions among genes and proteins. To this aim, we analyzed simulated data produced by a mathematical model of cell cycle control in budding yeast. The results obtained allowed us to appraise the performance of the different models and confirmed the suitability of dynamic Bayesian networks for a first level, genome-wide analysis of high throughput dynamic data.
A Novel SOAP Attachment-Oriented Security Model
Authors: Xiaoling Cui, Lei Li, Jun Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2006)

Security is playing an increasingly important role in nowadays business. However, at present there isn't an effective method to secure SOAP attachments. This paper proposes a novel security model for SOAP attachments, which encrypts the attachments and provides digital signature without changing client's and server's implementations. In the multi-intermediaries scenario, the whole message is divided into two parts and sent respectively: the primary part goes through as the original message path via intermediaries, while the attachments are sent directly from client to server via no intermediary. Therefore, it improves the efficiency of services and reduces the probability of the attachments' being attacked. A prototype of this security model is implemented on the Web application server and the experiment results show the feasibility of secure attachments in enterprise applications.
The HAL project
Authors: Pascal Charest, Michael Lenczner, Guillaume Marceau
Venue: Linux Journal (2007)

It's hacking, but is it art?
Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks through Optimal Single-Session Flow Routing
Authors: Y. Thomas Hou, Yi Shi, Jianping Pan, Scott F. Midkiff
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2006)

Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly important in recent years due to their ability to detect and convey real-time, in-situ information for many civilian and military applications. A fundamental challenge for such networks lies in energy constraint, which poses a performance limit on the achievable network lifetime. We consider a two-tier wireless sensor network and address the network lifetime problem for upper-tier aggregation and forwarding nodes (AFNs). Existing flow routing solutions proposed for maximizing network lifetime require AFNs to split flows to different paths during transmission, which we call multisession flow routing solutions. If an AFN is equipped with a single transmitter/receiver pair, a multisession flow routing solution requires a packet-level power control at the AFN so as to conserve energy, which calls for considerable overhead in synchronization among the AFNs. In this paper, we show that it is possible to achieve the same optimal network lifetime by power control on a much larger timescale with the so-called single-session flow routing solutions, under which the packet-level power control and, thus, strict requirement on synchronization are not necessary. We also show how to perform optimal single-session flow routing when the bit-rate of composite flows generated by AFNs is time-varying, as long as the average bit-rate can be estimated.
Electrophysiological Evidence for Two Steps in Syntactic Analysis: Early Automatic and Late Controlled Processes
Authors: Anja Hahne, Angela D. Friederici
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (1999)

In this study we examined the properties of the processes involved in the structural analysis of sentences using eventrelated brain potential measures (ERP). Previous research had shown two ERP components to correlate with phrase structure violations: an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), which is assumed to reflect first-pass parsing processes, and a late parietally distributed positivity (P600), assumed to reflect second-pass parsing processes. We hypothesized that the first-pass parsing processes are highly automatic, whereas second-pass parsing processes are more controlled. To test this hypothesis we varied the proportion of correct sentences and sentences containing phrase structure violations with incorrect sentences being either of a low (20&percnt; violation) or a high (80&percnt; violation) proportion. Results showed that the early left anterior negativity was elicited and equally pronounced under both proportion conditions. By contrast, the late positivity was elicited for a low proportion of incorrect sentences only.This data pattern suggests that first-pass parsing processes are automatic, whereas second-pass parsing processes are under participants' strategic control.
An Extensible Infrastructure for Processing Distributed Geospatial Data Streams
Authors: Carlos Rueda, Michael Gertz, Bertram Ludascher, Bernd Hamann
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2006)

Although the processing of data streams has been the focus of many research efforts in several areas, the case of remotely sensed streams in scientific contexts has received little attention. We present an extensible architecture to compose streaming image processing pipelines spanning multiple nodes on a network using a scientific workflow approach. This architecture includes (i) a mechanism for stream query dispatching so new streams can be dynamically generated from within individual processing nodes as a result of local or remote requests, and (ii) a mechanism for making the resulting streams externally available. As complete processing image pipelines can be cascaded across multiple interconnected nodes in a dynamic, scientist-driven way, the approach facilitates the reuse of data and the scalability of computations. We demonstrate the advantages of our infrastructure with a toolset of stream operators acting on remotely sensed data streams for realtime change detection.