ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Look ahead at software engineering
Authors: Wladyslaw M. Turski
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Software engineering (1979)

Software engineering has become a de rigueur part of all self-respecting conferences on computer subjects, and has complete masters degree curricula devoted to itself in some universities. Special templates for drawing &ldquo;software engineering symbols&rdquo; are being issued to employees of programming divisions of large companies, and uncounted audiences attend software engineering courses, schools, symposia and workshops. All this indicates that as a fad software engineering is enormously successful. This paper attempts to bring into focus some issues that in the nearest future are very likely to enter the field that we today consider as &ldquo;software engineering.&rdquo;
Design automation's challenge to defense technical data
Authors: D. R. Mitchell
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Design Automation Conference (1967)

I attended a meeting last month to help organize a national industry/defense symposium and we were considering possible names for a keynoter. One of the industry representatives threw us a challenge that I have attempted to take to heart. He said it didn't make too much difference who was keynoter and asked if any one of us could think of a single occasion when we were particularly inspired by or learned very much from a keynote address. He got no takers, probably not so much because we couldn't think of any, but because his question was somewhat startling. Nevertheless, there's a moral there someplace. I would like, therefore, to avoid somewhat the expected role of keynoter. Rather than set a theme, I will try to make you more aware of some of the downstream effects of design automation, and, hopefully, more conscious of the tremendous opportunity you have for using this awesome new marriage of the computer and the design process to benefit not only the design process itself, but the myriad of functions that follow in production, test, supply, maintenance, operation, and so forth. At the same time, I will grind my own particular ax, Defense Technical Data Management and Standardization.
An implementation scheme for a virtual machine monitor to be realized on user - microprogrammable minicomputers
Authors: B. D. Shriver, J. W. Anderson, L. J. Waguespack, D. M. Hyams, R. A. Bombet
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

A virtual machine monitor allows several different operating systems to run concurrently on the same machine. This paper presents the description of a virtual machine monitor and its support structure which can be implemented on a microprogrammable minicomputer or a distributed network of such machines. In our approach, all storage, transformational, input, and output resources of the system are accessed through a mapping mechanism. The design and implementation methodology for an actual realization of the virtual machine monitor is discussed.
Pilot: An operating system for a personal computer (Summary)
Authors: David D. Redell, Yogen K. Dalal, Thomas R. Horsley, Haug C. Lauer, William C. Lynch, Paul R. McJones, Hal G. Murray, Stephen C. Purcell
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1979)

The Pilot operating system is designed for the personal computing environment. It provides a basic set of services within which higher-level programs can more easily serve the user and/or communicate with other programs on other machines. Pilot omits certain functions sometimes associated with &ldquo;complete&rdquo; operating systems, such as character-string naming or user-command interpretation; higher-level software provides such facilities as needed. On the other hand, Pilot provides a higher level of service than that normally associated with the &ldquo;kernel&rdquo; or &ldquo;nucleus&rdquo; of an operating system. Pilot is closely coupled to the Mesa programming language and runs on a rather powerful personal computer, which would have been thought sufficient to support a substantial timesharing system of a few years ago. The primary user interface is a high resolution bit-map display, with a keyboard and a pointing device. Secondary storage generally takes the form of a sizable local disk. A local packet network provides a high bandwidth connection to other personal computers, and to server systems offering such remote services as printing and shared file storage. Much of the design of Pilot stems from an initial set of assumptions and goals rather different from those underlying most timesharing systems. Pilot is a single-language, single-user system, with only limited features for protection and resource allocation. Pilot's protection mechanisms are defensive, rather than absolute, since in a single user system, errors are a more serious problem than maliciousness. Similarly, Pilot's resource allocation features are not oriented toward enforcing fair distribution of scarce resources among contending parties.
Construction of nilpotent Lie algebras over arbitrary fields
Authors: Robert E. Beck, Bernard Kolman
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1981)

In this paper we present a general description of a computationally efficient algorithm for constructing every n-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra as a central extension of a nilpotent Lie algebra of dimension less than n. As an application of the algorithm, we present a complete list of all real nilpotent six-dimensional Lie algebras. Since 1958, four such lists have been developed: namely, those of Morozov [2], Shedler [3], Vergne [5] and Skjelbred and Sund [4]. No two of these lists agree exactly. Our list resolves all the discrepancies in the other four lists. Moreover, it contains each earlier list as a subset.
When to stop testing and start using software?
Authors: Amrit L. Goel, Kazuhira Okumoto
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1981)

During the last decade, numerous studies have been undertaken to quantify the failure process of large scale software systems. (see for example, references 1-12.) An important objective of these studies is to predict software performance and use the information for decision making. An important decision of practical concern is the determination of the amount of time that should be spent in testing. This decision of course will depend on the model used for describing the failure phenomenon and the criterion used for determining system readiness. In this paper we present a cost model based on the time dependent fault detection rate model of Goel and Okumoto (4,5) and describe a policy that yields the optimal value of test time T.
One year later: A large system conversion
Authors: Suzanne Greenberg, Edward M. Krol
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1977)

During the period that we were going through the acquisition process&mdash;talking to vendors and to management and users at other installations&mdash;conversion was, of course, in the back of our minds. The staff at other installations was unanimous: conversion should be avoided at all costs; your users will be totally dissatisfied; it cannot be done successfully; your career will come to a screeching halt; don't do it! This, from people who might have contemplated a change of vendors but who had never actually undertaken a conversion. With the exception of the IBM salesmen, the vendors were, understandably, very low-key about how a major change in machines might be handled. They did, of course, promise the complete support of their corporations. But on the whole, they chose to ignore this topic. Well, it is one year later&mdash;our users are not totally dissatisfied; I think we are doing it reasonably successfully; our careers have not come to a screeching halt&mdash;and, in fact, we would happily undertake a major conversion project again. Our first year experiences have not been bad; they've been good. Here is our story:
Invited papers&mdash;3: A new programming language: PL/1
Authors: R. A. Sibley
Venue: Proceedings of the 1965 20th national conference (1965)

IN OCTOBER 1963, three members of the SHARE FORTRAN project and three IBM employees set out to develop a new programming language. IBM was soon to announce a new series of computers that would seek to cover the entire range of data processing applications, and was anxious to have a programming language of equivalent breadth. Moreover, many members of SHARE had found FORTRAN and COBOL inadequate for their ever-expanding set of applications, and they could find no suitable replacement. An adequate language for each application area was not enough since more and more problems were crossing application lines and, in addition, a multilanguage shop had been found to be expensive. So, a language development activity was begun, and with it came all of the advantages and disadvantages that accompany the full commitment of a major manufacturer and the active participation of a major users' group.
Distributed vs. centralized computing a regional college center at the crossroads
Authors: Ronald Blum
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1980)

In this paper we will discuss some of the preliminaries that led up to the final drafting of a Request For Proposal (RFP) for a new system and a few of the pros and cons of distributed vs. centralized computing as they appeared to us. The creation of the RFP is nearly complete and we expect to be well into the decision-making process by November, hence this document must perforce be somewhat incomplete at this time.
Design considerations for data base facilities on a desk top (abstract only)
Authors: Susanne S. Cochran
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - II): Human interface and the user interface - Volume 1981 (1981)

The price of computing equipment is decreasing at a rate of about 30% per year and the cost of professional time is steadily increasing, driving industry to focus on improving professional productivity.Computer-aided engineering (design, analysis, research, testing, and planning) is a problem area where professional creativity and equipment flexibility are of paramount importance to success. Engineers and scientists are not typically computer professionals; they intimately understand the application at hand and do not want to he bogged down either with computerese and 25 manuals which might contain a desired answer, or with explaining enough of the problem to a computer professional to have the program written by someone else. Ideally, the problem solution should come from the engineer or scientist when viewed from an efficiency perspective. In such application areas, price/performance is no longer the primary factor in selecting computing equipment; ease of adaptability and availability/accessibility are becoming more important criteria when identifying a computer which can provide effective man/machine synergy.The HP 9845 Computing System has the HP IMAGE DBM System capability available as a tool for its users. To help non-computer people to design data bases (the most difficult and frightening part of using data base), we have created a data base design kit manual. This manual will guide a user, through either an intuitive or a rigorous design technique, from problem definition to a working data base diagram. From this diagram, the user is ready to define, create, and use the data base. For this, we have developed a general purpose data base management program, called QUERY/45. QUERY/45 can define and create data bases, and also provides updating facilities including adding, modifying, and deleting information with or without user-defined forms. All of the helps and teaching tools will enable engineers and scientists to use a data base without having to write any programs. After they become more experienced, the helps and menus can be bypassed in favor of formal command mode.The human factors engineering in the design of this program helps the computer system to become a partner in problem solving for the engineer or scientist.
Uniform theory of the shuffle-exchange type permutation networks
Authors: František Soviš
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (1983)

This paper presents the uniform theory for describing of the shuffle-exchange type permutation networks - the theory of Ek stages. The use of this new approach is demonstrated by applying it to the flip, omega, and other incomplete permutation networks and to some complete networks /e.g. the Bene&scaron; network/ as well. Especially the paper deals with the p, 2p, and /2p&minus;1/-stage networks, where p &equil; log2n and n is number of the inputs /or outputs/ of these networks.
MIS career paths
Authors: Donald Kaye
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth annual SIGCPR conference (1972)

The purpose of this study is to determine what career paths are open in corporate life for a Director of M.I.S. This is part of a larger and continuing study which deals with career paths for every major job classification in Data Processing. The report I am delivering this afternoon will try to answer the following question: What top management positions are open in the corporate hierarchy once a person attains the position Director M.I.S. or V.P. in charge of M.I.S. or any similar title that covers full responsibility for a company's Systems, Programming and Data Center Operations? Historically, the top corporate management positions have been filled by people with backgrounds in Engineering, Manufacturing, Finance, Law, Marketing or the Military. Will Managers of Information Services be added to this list?
Reducing channel density in standard cell layout
Authors: Kenneth J. Supowit
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The problem of global routing in standard cell layouts so as to minimize total channel density is considered. A sub-problem of this, called the linear net routing problem (LNRP), is defined and is argued to be the key to a successful solution to the general problem. A polynomial-time heuristic for LNRP is presented and its behavior analyzed. In particular, it is proven that the heuristic can produce results as bad as, but no worse than, 50% over the optimal.
Design considerations for a computer-based clinical physiologic research system
Authors: Ronald W. Hagen, Lewis J. Thomas,  Jr., Janet A. Johnson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1976 annual conference (1976)

Experience in the design of computer-based patient monitoring and clinical physiologic research systems is drawn upon to suggest some useful design strategies and architectural configurations for such systems. Emphasis is placed on flexibility as an over-riding consideration for research systems in contrast to the level of specialization appropriate to monitoring systems. The previously undescribed clinical-research system is detailed as necessary to show where differences in both hardware and software design strategies have been necessary and appropriate. Some engineering evaluation results are cited and a clinical evaluation will be reported.
Practicing on the CORE Graphics System
Authors: G. Faconti, P. Palamidese
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1982)

The system described in this paper is intended to be of assistance to those people who would benefit in their work from computer graphics but do not have the necessary knowledge or familiarity with its methodological principles. This system consists of an APL implementation of the CORE Graphics System, called APLCORE, and of a user interface giving the opportunity of learning and practicing on the CORE concepts. The system is highly interactive, being ready to give explanations to the user at any time, and to teach him the use of the system. The implementation has been made under VSAPL for CMS running on an IBM 3033. The graphics output device supported is the IBM 3277 Graphics Attachment equipped with a Tektronix 619 Storage Display Monitor and a Summagraphics Digitizing Tablet.
Reflections on the verification of the security of an operating system kernel
Authors: Jonathan M. Silverman
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1983)

This paper discusses the formal verification of the design of an operating system kernel's conformance to the multilevel security property. The kernel implements multiple protection structures to support both discretionary and nondiscretionary security policies. The design of the kernel was formally specified. Mechanical techniques were used to check that the design conformed to the multilevel security property. All discovered security flaws were then either closed or minimized. This paper considers the multilevel security model, the verification methodology, and the verification tools used. This work is significant for two reasons. First, it is for a complete implementation of a commercially available secure computer system. Second, the verification used off-the-shelf tools and was not done by the verification environment researchers.
Simulation of plant operations: A critical evaluation
Authors: Richard J. Swersey
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

The shortcomings of simulation as applied to plant operations are attributed to a lack of understanding of operating problems by the analyst and to a lack of understanding by operating personnel of the limitations of simulation. It is asserted that exploring the untapped potential of simulation as a research tool as well as an analytic tool should lead to more effective analysis of plant operations.
The value of digital simulation in tactical computing systems
Authors: Alan J. Ungar
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

Digital simulation is a valuable tool in the evaluation and design verification of tactical computer systems. Tactical systems are characterized not only by their use in the field, but by their design as dedicated real-time systems. Because of the complexity of the many interactions within the system, the most cost-effective solution is not readily apparent. Furthermore, as the system is being developed, many changes will occur whose total repercussions are not always obvious. Simulation is a tool that will help find the best system solution from among a set of feasible design alternatives. To demonstrate how simulation can be used as an aid in finding a solution, two case studies are presented. Following the case studies is a description of the simulator used.
A microprocessor oriented data acquisition and control system for power system control
Authors: Michael C. Mulder, Patrick P. Fasang
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd annual symposium on Computer architecture (1976)

The advent of microcomputer systems with their inherent cost/performance advantages had precipitated a reassessment of known application areas that heretofore were not considered candidates for digital systems solution. Described in this paper is a MICRO processor oriented Data Acquisition and Control system referred to as MICRODAC which is capable of monitoring high voltage perturbations (via transducers), accepting and issuing control commands, performing format changes and error encoding/decoding, performing system self checks, and transmitting data to supervisory computers. This system performs a very necessary function in power system data acquisition and control at low cost, high reliability, and low power consumptions.
Comparison of some available packages for use in research data management
Authors: Edward A. Greenberg, Wm. Max Ivey, Bruce R. Lewis
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - I): Information processing in the social sciences and humanities - Volume 1981 (1981)

Data management features of SIR, SAS, and SPSS were applied to a sample hierarchical data base. For each package, the areas investigated included the logical definition of the data base, data entry, data retrieval, data integrity, security, reporting, and updating.
MX Fiber Optics Cable Data Network message traffic simulation
Authors: Elizabeth Y. S. Kung
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual symposium on Simulation (1983)

The proposed MX MPS Fiber Optics Cable Data Network would interconnect over 4600 facilities and cover and area of 12000 to 15000 mi2. One of the important factors in the design of such a large network is the traffic created by the various messages flowing through the network. This paper describes the simulation of the proposed network structure, the different kinds of messages flowing through it, and the message routing mechanism. The performance of the network for different scenarios is evaluated using the simulation. Some of the performance parameters examined are: potential bottlenecks, the propagation time for each kind of message, the queue statistics, and the results of down lines and nodes in the network. Although this particular MX basing concept is no longer being considered, the simulation techniques developed are directly applicable to analysis of other large communications networks.
Teaching program design through program structure maps
Authors: Stuart A. Varden
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

It is well known that college and university level programs in the computing sciences continue to turn out graduates who are schooled in topics such as compiler writing, automata theory and numerical analysis, while the vast majority of potential employers of these graduates are seeking people knowledgeable in administrative systems and application programming. This point was brought home during a recent visit I made to a graduate course in data structures at a major university. When the instructor asked the more than forty students to list all the programming languages they knew, COBOL went entirely unmentioned. Although COBOL is not an ideal language for instructional purposes, the fact that it is rarely taught in computing science programs is probably due more to the tastes of instructors than to intrinsic weaknesses of COBOL. My remarks here take the position that COBOL can be used quite successfully as a demonstration language to help teach information processing principles and good programming practices, while providing students with a much sought after skill.
A technique for producing graphical presentations with instances of a unit symbol
Authors: Walter H. Niehoff
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on APL (1982)

A class of graphical presentations&mdash;including common ones like bar charts, column charts, and symbol charts&mdash;is characterized by a model of its production as a set of affinely transformed instances of a unit symbol. This paper discusses an APL technique for producing that class of presentations by functionally controlling the instance-producing transformations. Illustrations are given and the principal advantages of the technique are outlined.