ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Schedule Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bing Liu, Lin Zhang, Huimin Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

Many Media Access Control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) such as Sensor MAC (S-MAC) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Minimum Preamble Sampling (CSMA-MPS) exploit listen/sleep cycles to conserve energy. The cycles of nodes influence the network performances such as energy efficiency, packet latency and throughput in WSNs. In this paper, an Adaptive Schedule Medium Access Control (AS-MAC) for WSNs is presented. AS-MAC introduces the adaptation of the cycles in MAC layer to the data traffic. The effect of the protocol is that it can decrease the latency, improve the throughput and energy efficiency when traffic is dynamic. We also compare AS-MAC with S-MAC and CSMA-MPS through simulations and the results show it has better performances than the former protocols.
Design and Application of Intelligent Virtual Reality System
Authors: Li Jiang, Xiang-Long Feng
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (2006)

In this paper, first we briefly introduce the conception of virtual reality, virtual reality modeling language and virtual reality technical application domain. We also analyze the current situation of the modeling language in the development of virtual reality technology. We then present some challenging issues in this area. We finally design a structure to implement an intelligent virtual reality system, and relevant components of the structure are depicted in detail. In addition, the potential applications of the system in the large-scale commercial domain are discussed.
Integration of Mobile Business and Traditional Business to Acquire Competitive Advantages: A Case Study in China Entertainment Industry
Authors: Xiaoping Zhao, Shouming Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

This paper analyzes mobile business in the context of the China entertainment industry as a strategic tool to create a sustainable competitive advantage through the implementation of an effective mobile business model. Uncertainty, risk, and open competition among entertain firms have risen dramatically, leading to a situation that a firm has more and more difficulties to acquire and sustain competitive advantages. Some frameworks concerning this have been established and in this paper we adopt these frameworks. In traditional view, key success factors for creating value to customers through mobile business are user experience, the value contribution of mobile technology, and customer requirements. Based on this view and the distinctive characters of entertainment industry, the most efficient and effective way found to match these factors is to enhance interaction between customers and entertainment firms through mobile business applications, which can facilitate response time and make the interaction more convenient. Other than focusing on telecom operators that were thought as the core of mobile business, this paper suggests a new mobile business model in which a platform operator is the dominator of the model. Additional, the flows both of information and of money are addressed in the paper; so do various layers and the benefits they acquire.
Role-based Architectural Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Osama El-Hassan, José Luiz Fiadeiro
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2007)

The focus of this paper is on how a role-based architectural approach can contribute to building normative models for evolvable and adaptable socio-technical systems, i.e. systems in which both software components and people play well-defined roles and need to interact to ensure that required global properties emerge. We propose a method that is associated with a set of new modelling primitives anchored on organisational roles and governed by social laws that handle the situations that may arise when the people involved deviate from prescribed behaviour and fail to play the role that they have been assigned as entities of the system.
A Crop Field Remote Monitoring System Based on Web-Server-Embedded Technology and CDMA Service
Authors: Dongxian He, Youlu Bai, Yingzhe Wang, Hua Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (2007)

There are many kinds of control systems, which have been used in industry area, such as Process Automation (PA) and Factory Automation (FA). They have numerous sensors and actuators called field devices in their networks, and are introducing Internet Protocol (IP) as network technology. Network security is necessary to make the most of IP's capability. The authors have previously studied a security mechanism which can satisfy the restrictions required by control systems and a secure autonomous bootstrap mechanism which is based on the security mechanism. This paper 1 shows an extension of the bootstrap mechanism to support multicast security. The discussion in this paper excludes security of multicast routing protocols and admission control protocols, e.g. IGMP and MLD, because the subject of this paper and those protocols are orthogonal.
Standardization of an API for Distributed Resource Management Systems
Authors: Peter Troger, Hrabri Rajic, Andreas Haas, Piotr Domagalski
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2007)

Today's cluster and grid environments demand the usage of product-specific APIs and tools for developing distributed applications. We give an overview of the Distributed Resource Management Application API (DRMAA) specification, which defines a common interface for job submission, control, and monitoring. The DRMAA specification was developed by the authors at the Open Grid Forum standardization body, and has meanwhile significant adoption in academic and commercial cluster systems. Within this paper, we describe the basic concepts of the finalized API, and explain issues and findings with the standardization of such an unified interface.
Score function based totally blind equalizers
Authors: D. Boitea
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

In this paper we propose two new totally blind block equalizers for linear modulations using approximated maximum likelihood criteria. Totally means here that we assume we don't know the emitted symbols or the constellation (the modulation type). The coefficient update equations turn out to be functions of the equalizer output score function (SF). Because of our assumptions we have no closed form expression for the probability density function (PDF) and we propose to estimate the SF using the equalizer output samples. The performance of the equalizers is compared with the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). It shows that for a small number of symbols the proposed equalizers can remove all the inter symbol interference (ISI) while the CMA performs poorly. For severe channels the CMA appears to be more robust (our equalizers may not converge) but in this case our equalizers can be used after the CMA with very good results. Lastly when the algorithms converge, performance of our equalizers is similar to the decision directed one but in a totally blind way and without its drawbacks.
A new methodology for modeling MEMS Structures
Authors: Kaiping Zeng, Zhenyu Liu, J. G. Korvink
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (2003)

In this work, we propose an innovative and general mathematical modeling framework with Lagrangian functions of multi-coupled energy domains for MEMS Structures on material frame. Due to the advantage of material descriptions of continua and the uniformity of Lagrangians for different physical domains, this framework simplifies the numerical analyses of MEMS structures.
An EM algorithm for multisensor TDOA/DD estimation in a multipath propagation environment
Authors: S. P. Belanger
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

The problem of estimating time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and differential Doppler (DD) in a multipath environment is addressed. Correlated multipath interference has degenerative effects on the cross-ambiguity function which is the conventional joint TDOA/DD estimator. A new method, previously proposed for multisensor/multipath TDOA estimation, is extended to accommodate linearly-varying time delays. The approach is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Nonlinear optimization of the complete-data likelihood function uses the efficient RELAX method of estimating the frequencies, amplitudes, and phases of complex sinusoids in noise. The structure of the algorithm is described and its performance is demonstrated through computer simulation. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The Future Arrives ... Finally
Authors: Michael Macedonia
Venue: Computer (2007)

The 40th annual Consumer Electronics Show reveals that connectivity is king.
Maintaining Strong Cache Consistency for the Domain Name System
Authors: Xin Chen Haining Wang, Shansi Ren, Xiaodong Zhang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2007)

Effective caching in the Domain Name System (DNS) is critical to its performance and scalability. Existing DNS only supports weak cache consistency by using the Time-to-Live (TTL) mechanism, which functions reasonably well in normal situations. However, maintaining strong cache consistency in DNS as an indispensable exceptional handling mechanism has become more and more demanding for three important objectives: 1) to quickly respond and handle exceptions such as sudden and dramatic Internet failures caused by natural and human disasters, 2) to adapt increasingly frequent changes of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses due to the introduction of dynamic DNS techniques for various stationed and mobile devices on the Internet, and 3) to provide fine-grain controls for content delivery services to timely balance server load distributions. With agile adaptation to various exceptional Internet dynamics, strong DNS cache consistency improves the availability and reliability of Internet services. In this paper, we first conduct extensive Internet measurements to quantitatively characterize DNS dynamics. Then, we propose a proactive DNS cache update protocol (DNScup), running as middleware in DNS name servers, to provide strong cache consistency for DNS. The core of DNScup is an optimal lease scheme, called dynamic lease, to keep track of the local DNS name servers. We compare dynamic lease with other existing lease schemes through theoretical analysis and trace-driven simulations. Based on the DNS Dynamic Update protocol, we build a DNScup prototype with minor modifications to the current DNS implementation. Our system prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of DNScup and its easy and incremental deployment on the Internet.
Reliability Analysis of Self-Healing Network using Discrete-Event Simulation
Authors: Thara Angskun, George Bosilca, Graham Fagg, Jelena Pje!sivac-Grbovi, Jack J. Dongarra
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2007)

The number of processors embedded on high performance computing platforms is continuously increasing to accommodate user desire to solve larger and more complex problems. However, as the number of components increases, so does the probability of failure. Thus, both scalable and fault-tolerance of software are important issues in this field. To ensure reliability of the software especially under the failure circumstance, the reliability analysis is needed. The discrete-event simulation technique offers an attractive alternative to traditional Markovian-based analytical models, which often have an intractably large state space. In this paper, we analyze reliability of a self-healing network developed for parallel runtime environments using discreteevent simulation. The network is designed to support transmission of messages across multiple nodes and at the same time, to protect against node and process failures. Results demonstrate the flexibility of a discrete-event simulation approach for studying the network behavior under failure conditions and various protocol parameters, message types, and routing algorithms.
Structure preserving error concealment with directional smoothness measure
Authors: Ying Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

We propose a directional smoothness measure for block-based error concealment through spatial correlation. Image structures revealed by consistent edge profiles are very important for subjective visual quality. We treat the problem of block reconstruction as consistent recovery of local image structures. The directional smoothness measure evaluates structural consistency along an edge elongation and is used as the object function for block reconstruction. Corrupted DCT coefficients are recovered by smoothly extending various edge profiles from surrounding areas to missing blocks. The reconstruction is adaptive to local image structures. Consistent cross-edge sharpness and along-edge smoothness are maximally preserved during the reconstruction. The proposed concealment method demonstrates encouraging improvement both in the subjective image quality and in the reconstruction PSNR over conventional schemes. It is applicable to various spatial and spectral interleaving systems and a fast implementation is also proposed.
Data Quality and Query Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: David Yates, Erich Nahum, Jim Kurose, Prashant Shenoy
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (2007)

This research is motivated by emerging, real-world wireless sensor network applications for monitoring and control. We examine the benefits and costs of caching data for such applications. We propose and evaluate several approaches to querying for, and then caching data in a sensor field data server. We show that for some application requirements (i.e., when delay drives data quality), policies that emulate cache hits by computing and returning approximate values for sensor data yield a simultaneous quality improvement and cost savings. This win-win is because when system delay is sufficiently important, the benefit to both query cost and data quality achieved by using approximate values outweighs the negative impact on quality due to the approximation. In contrast, when data accuracy drives quality, a linear trade-off between query cost and data quality emerges. We also identify caching and lookup policies for which the sensor field query rate is bounded when servicing an arbitrary workload of user queries. This upper bound is achieved by having multiple user queries share the cost of a sensor field query. Finally, we demonstrate that our results are robust to the manner in which the environment being monitored changes using two different sensor field models.
When the Sensors Hit the Roads (Invited Talk)
Authors: Hari Balakrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (2007)

Over the past few years, impressive advances in wireless networking and embedded computing have led to the "first generation" of wireless sensor networks. In general, these are used for monitoring or tracking applications characterized by low data rates and static deployments.
Design of sequential circuits by quantum-dot cellular automata
Authors: J. Huang, M. Momenzadeh, F. Lombardi
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2007)

This paper proposes a detailed design analysis of sequential circuits for quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). This analysis encompasses flip-flop (FF) devices as well as circuits. Initially, a novel RS-type FF amenable to a QCA implementation is proposed. This FF extends a previous threshold-based configuration to QCA by taking into account the timing issues associated with the adiabatic switching of this technology. The characterization of a D-type FF as a device consisting of an embedded wire is also presented. Unique timing constraints in QCA sequential logic design are identified and investigated. An algorithm for assigning appropriate clocking zones to a QCA sequential circuit is proposed. A technique referred to as stretching is used in the algorithm to ensure timing and delay matching. This algorithm relies on a topological sorting and enumeration step to consistently traversing only once the edges of the graph representation of the QCA sequential circuit. Examples of QCA sequential circuits are provided.
Model and Code Development in Support of the Portfolio for Multiphase Flow Technology
Authors: Eugene Hertel, James Stewart
Venue: Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference (2006)

Modeling and Simulation of Weapon Systems and Munitions is a key enabler for exploring warfighting capability needs and system operational opportunities, and translating emergent technologies to robust, validated solutions that fill needed design spaces rather than provide point designs of limited relevance and durability. The intent is to increase the breadth and depth of system engineering and to explore and validate design spaces that are either untestable, too difficult to test, or too expensive, and time-consuming to test. The desired end state of this portfolio is an integrated toolkit capability encompassing the investments, discoveries, and inventions pertaining to future systems.
Interactive collision detection in three-dimensional visualizations of simulated construction operations
Authors: Vineet R. Kamat, Julio C. Martinez
Venue: Engineering with Computers (2007)

This paper presents research that led to the design and implementation of fast and interactive collision detection methods that can be used to identify and report undesirable conflicts that occur among static (e.g., structure in-place, idle equipment), dynamic (e.g., active machines and workers), and abstract (e.g., hazard spaces) construction resources in 3D animations of construction operations modeled using discrete-event simulation. Computational efficiency and interactive speed in the designed interference detection methods were the primary challenges that the research addressed. In addition, the efficiency and speed were achieved with minimal trade-off against accuracy. In order to achieve this, the authors capitalized on advanced documented algorithms for proximity queries between arbitrarily moving 3D geometric objects to design mechanisms for interference detection, control, and response in construction process visualizations. The designed methods are implemented in a software tool called C-Collide that integrates as an add-on with the VITASCOPE visualization system.
Combinatorial properties of noninteger vertices of a polytope in a three-index axial assignment problem
Authors: V. M. Kravtsov
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2007)

It is proved that, for any r ¿ { 2n, 2n + 1,¿, 3n¿2} and only for such r, the polytope of a three-index axial assignment problem of order n, n ¿ 2, contains completely r-noninteger vertices (r-CNVs), i.e., vertices such that all their positive components are fractional and their number equals r. For each r ¿ {2n, 2n + 1,¿, 3n ¿2}, all the types of r-CNVs are characterized and the combinatorial properties of completely r-noninteger vertices of the polytope are studied.
Examining ACE analysis reliability estimates using fault-injection
Authors: Nicholas J. Wang, Aqeel Mahesri, Sanjay J. Patel
Venue: ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News (2007)

ACE analysis is a technique to provide an early reliability estimate for microprocessors. ACE analysis couples data from abstract performance models with low level design details to identify and rule out transient faults that will not cause incorrect execution. While many transient faults are analyzable in ACE analysis frameworks, some are not. As a result, ACE analysis is conservative and provides a lower bound for the reliability of a processor design. Bounding the reliability of a design is useful since it can guarantee that the given design will meet reliability goals. In this work, we quantify and identify the sources of ACE analysis conservatism by comparing an ACE analysis methodology against a rigorous fault-injection study. We evaluate two flavors of ACE analysis: a "simple" analysis and a refined analysis, finding that even the refined analysis overestimates the soft error vulnerability of an instruction scheduler by 2-3x. The conservatism stems from two key sources: from lack of detail in abstract performance models and from what we term Y-Bits, a result of the single-pass simulation methodology that is typical of ACE analysis. We also examine the efficacy of applying ACE analysis to a class of "partial coverage" error mitigation techniques. In particular, we perform a case study on one such technique and extrapolate our findings to others.
Traffic Engineering in Fourth Generation Wireless Networks
Authors: Tibor Gyires
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Networking (2007)

We present an extension to the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) traffic engineering in Fourth Generation (4G) composite networks. In a 4G composite network users should be able to select among various radio access technologies that can individually or collectively satisfy the users' capacity and quality of service requirements. The extension provides the ability to diverge traffic flows away from a path that cannot satisfy the QoS requirements of a flow. When the QoS requirements of a traffic flow exceed a predefined threshold, the extension will distribute the flow among multiple paths based on the cost of the traffic distribution and the effectiveness of Label Switching Routers (LSPs). The simulation results demonstrate that the extension significantly improves the overall network performance.
An approach to speaker adaptation based on analytic functions
Authors: J. McDonough
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

We formulate a novel approach to speaker adaptation. It is predicated upon the fact that the cepstral coefficients used as feature vectors in most state of the art speech recognition systems are coefficients of a Laurent series, and hence represent an analytic function of a complex-valued argument. This analytic function can be characterized by several poles and zeros in the complex plane corresponding to spectral peaks and nulls, respectively. Speaker adaptation can be viewed as the estimation of a function that warps the complex plane in such a way that the pole/zero locations for a target speaker are mapped onto their counterparts in the speaker-independent model.