ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Bring Reputation System to Social Network in the Maze P2P File-Sharing System
Authors: Mao Yang, Yafei Dai, Xiaoming Li
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (2006)

Much work has been done to address the need for reputation systems in real deployed peer-to-peer networks. Unlike some previous researches, we now focus on deploying a reputation system in a large deployed peer-to-peer file sharing network; Maze. There are several potential problems in mapping EigenTrust to our system and we propose two methods to improve it. First, we introduce a location-aware pre-trusted peers' choice algorithm to ensure the fairness. Then we reduce the impact of colluders by prompting trust relationships among peers in the social network. This improved reputation system has been proven to successfully imply the peers' contributions, while at the same time, action against the colluders.
Interlacing Domain Partition for Fractal Watermarking
Authors: Ping-Sung Liao, Cheng-Yi Chen, Chun-Chi Chen, Jeng-Shyang Pan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

In this study, a novel fractal watermarking which confines the search space of domain blocks by odd-index/even-index domain partitions is proposed to accomplish data hiding based on interlacing domain partition when we applies fractal code to embed watermark. Experimental result shows the proposed method is promising to protect the copyright of images against the attack JPEG compression.
Mixed Preservation of Conditionally Nonblocking Switches under 2-stage Interconnection
Authors: Xuesong Jonathan Tan, Shuo-Yen Robert Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

The 2-stage interconnection network is conceivably the most compact design for interconnecting small switches into a large switch. When a certain class of switches is preserved under 2-stage interconnection, recursive application of 2-stage interconnection then builds indefinitely large switches in this class from atomic ones. The present paper studies switches that are not preserved under 2-stage interconnection but are yet constructible from atomic elements through recursive 2-stage interconnection. The principle is "mixed preservation" based on the following two properties: First, the 2-stage interconnection network constructs a class-A switch when switches at nodes on one stage belong to class A and switches at nodes on the other stage belong to class B; second, class-B switches are preserved under 2-stage interconnection. A class of conditionally nonblocking switches for such mixed preservation are identified, which are useful in the recursive construction of distribution networks.
Magnetic field induced optical variation in nanosize iron oxide fluid-particles
Authors: K. T. Wu, Y. D. Yao, G. N. Rao, Y. L. Chen, J. W. Chen
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

The transmission of light through magnetic fluid containing the magnetic nanoparticles with diameters of 7, 9 and 12nm have been investigated as a function of particle size and thickness of the films with wavelength between 400 and 750nm, and applied magnetic fields up to 275Oe. It was found that the transmittance decreased with the increasing particle size as well as film thickness. The transmittance increases with increasing wavelength and saturates at 700nm at film thickness of 10@mm for all samples. The onset of transmittance shifts to higher wavelength with increasing film thickness. For a given film thickness, the transmittance increases with increasing magnetic field for films with particle size of 7 and 9nm, but decreases in the particle size of 12nm. Moreover, under a given magnetic field, the transmittance decreases exponentially with the increasing film thickness. The ordered structures of the magnetic columns were formed in the magnetic fluid films under the influence of the external magnetic field. These ordered structures are responsible for the significant field dependent on observed transmittance. The transmittance of the samples is inverse proportional to the area covered by the droplets of the magnetic fluid.
Visual Hand Tracking Algorithms
Authors: Fariborz Mahmoudi, Mehdi Parviz
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Geometric Modeling and Imaging: New Trends (2006)

Tracking is an important section in a gesture recognition system. Numerous techniques for segmentation, tracking, modeling and recognition have been proposed during several past years. A few papers comparing different approaches have been published [31,32]. However, a comprehensive survey on tracking is still missing. We try to fill this vacuum by reviewing most widely used methods and techniques and collecting their numerical evaluation results.
AXMEDIS: an MPEG-21 based solution for protected cross media content production and distribution
Authors: S. Chellini, T. Martini, P. Nesi
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

The recent technologies for digital rights management, DRM, are mainly based on accounting events related to actions performed on the content by the final users like the exploitation of rights granted by means of licenses. This paper presents the solution for event reporting management related to the AXMEDIS project. The AXMEDIS is a research and development integrated project of the European Commission.
Designing recommender systems for e-commerce: an integration approach
Authors: Thomas Tran
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Electronic commerce: The new e-commerce: innovations for conquering current barriers, obstacles and limitations to conducting successful business on the internet (2006)

In electronic commerce applications, prospective buyers may be interested in receiving recommendations to assist with their purchasing decisions. Previous research has described two main models for automated recommender systems: collaborative filtering and knowledge-based approaches. In this paper, we present an architecture for designing a hybrid recommender system that combines these two approaches. We then discuss how such a recommender system can switch between the two methods, depending on the current support for providing good recommendations from the behavior of other users, required for the collaborative filtering option. We also comment on how the overall design is useful to support recommendations for a variety of product areas and present some directions for future work.
Managing Large-Scale Scientific Workflows in Distributed Environments: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Ewa Deelman, Yolanda Gil
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

In this paper we discuss several challenges associated scientific workflow design and management in distributed, heterogeneous environments. Based on our prior work with a number of scientific applications, we describe the workflow lifecycle and examine our experiences and the challenges ahead as they pertain to the user experience, planning the workflow execution and managing the execution itself.
Vocal Stability Parameters for Identification of Voices from Deaf People
Authors: Julia Calderon-Sambarino, Sergio Suarez-Guerra
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computing (2006)

This paper presents the results obtained from the study of a group of records of voices and their classification according to acoustic and technical parameters of patterns recognition, with the purpose of identifying inside the group, those voices coming from deaf people. One of the most important results in this work consists in the identification of the distinctive parameters of vocal stability of the pathological voices and that they allow to distinguish from the normal voices.
Neural Bases of Talker Normalization
Authors: Patrick C.M. Wong, Howard C. Nusbaum, Steven L. Small
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

To recognize phonemes across variation in talkers, listeners can use information about vocal characteristics, a process referred to as ''talker normalization.'' The present study investigates the cortical mechanisms underlying talker normalization using fMRI. Listeners recognized target words presented in either a spoken list produced by a single talker or a mix of different talkers. It was found that both conditions activate an extensive cortical network. However, recognizing words in the mixed-talker condition, relative to the blocked-talker condition, activated middle/superior temporal and superior parietal regions to a greater degree. This temporal&ndash;parietal network is possibly associated with selectively attending and processing spectral and spatial acoustic cues required in recognizing speech in a mixed-talker condition.
A MAC protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Borja Peleato, Milica Stojanovic
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks (2006)

A medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed that is suitable for non-synchronized ad-hoc networks, and in particular for the energy-constrained underwater acoustic networks which are characterized by long propagation delays. The protocol exploits the difference in the link lengths between the nodes instead of using waiting times proportional to the maximal link length. To do so, it relies on a receiver's ability to tolerate a certain level of interference. By minimizing the length of the hand-shake procedure preceeding the data transmission, the throughput efficiency is increased as compared to the previously proposed protocols, while collision avoidance minimizes the energy consumption.
Perceptual Priming Versus Explicit Memory: Dissociable Neural Correlates at Encoding
Authors: Björn Schott, Alan Richardson-Klavehn, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Emrah Düzel
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

We addressed the hypothesis that perceptual priming and explicit memory have distinct neural correlates at encoding. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants studied visually presented words at deep versus shallow levels of processing (LOPs). The ERPs were sorted by whether or not participants later used studied words as completions to three-letter word stems in an intentional memory test, and by whether or not they indicated that these completions were remembered from the study list. Study trials from which words were later used and not remembered (primed trials) and study trials from which words were later used and remembered (remembered trials) were compared to study trials from which words were later not used (forgotten trials), in order to measure the ERP difference associated with later memory (DM effect). Primed trials involved an early (200&ndash;450 msec) centroparietal negative-going DM effect. Remembered trials involved a late (900&ndash;1200 msec) right frontal, positive-going DM effect regardless of LOP, as well as an earlier (600&ndash;800 msec) central, positive-going DM effect during shallow study processing only. All three DM effects differed topographically, and, in terms of their onset or duration, from the extended (600&ndash;1200 msec) fronto-central, positive-going shift for deep compared with shallow study processing. The results provide the first clear evidence that perceptual priming and explicit memory have distinct neural correlates at encoding, consistent with Tulving and Schacter's (1990) distinction between brain systems concerned with perceptual representation versus semantic and episodic memory. They also shed additional light on encoding processes associated with later explicit memory, by suggesting that brain processes influenced by LOP set the stage for other, at least partially separable, brain processes that are more directly related to encoding success.
Local Hop-Count Probability Grid: An Improvement Nodes Localization Scheme in WSN
Authors: Zude Zhou, Sheng Wang, Quan Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become possible because of the on-going improvements in sensor technology. As the development of WSN, the problem about WSN is growing up. Sensor nodes localization is the importance a new research point. Getting the smallest location error in nodes localization is the final goal. Many work in literature propose schemes and methods for localization in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we presented a localization scheme, called the Local Hop-count Probability Grid, that is the derive algorithm of Probability Grid and can also be used in WSN which have been deployed in a grid topology.
LSCIC Pre-processor Design with Constriction Elucidation
Authors: Muhammad Kamran, Feng Shi
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

This paper presents the novel behavioral architecture of LSCIC (Layered Scalable Concurrent Image Compression) pre processor chip by utilizing scalable compression algorithm. This design separates enhanced and base layer pixels prior to concurrent compression operation in the coders. This paper also proposes a mathematical technique to snub the data signal errors by virtue of vector norm and Eigen values by controlling matrix condition number. Before attempting the behavioral design, a mathematical model is developed with timing and control signal constraints to avoid collision of signals. Simulation and synthesis procedures with successful synthesis report are also presented to verify the effectiveness of algorithm showing the correct operation of designed architecture.
Design for Network Camera Based on DSP
Authors: Zhezhou Yu, Yuchen Xie, Congying Lv, Chunguang Zhou, Faner Meng, Lei Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

The hardware design of the DSP-based network camera is described in this paper which includes the implementation of CCD camera, DSP, Flash, SDRAM, CPLD, and Ethernet. The program of JPEG2000has been tested on the designed board and the result turns out to be good. It'll be implemented as a network camera with real-time video compression and transmission which can be connected to the Ethernet.
Data-Preservation in Scientific Workflow Middleware
Authors: David T. Liu, Michael J. Franklin, Ghaleb M. Abdulla, Jim Garlick, Marcus Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (2006)

This paper investigates Data-Preservation, a feature of Scientific Workflow Middleware (SWM) useful for supporting data provenance and "smart recomputation." We observe that in order for an SWM supporting Data Preservation to achieve decent performance, it should execute on top of copy-on-write file systems. Unfortunately, most file systems in-use at scientific computing facilities were designed without copy-on-write semantics. In response, we design, implement and evaluate a middleware-level solution that is based on user-provided hints and parallelization. The solution can be deployed on top of current file systems and is able to scale almost arbitrarily. Our validation is based on real use-cases from astrophysics and experiments on a cluster with 4 file systems.
Exponential Recurrent Associative Memories: Stability and Relative Capacity
Authors: Mohammad Reza Rajati, Mohammad Bagher Menhaj, Mohammad MehdiKorjani, Alireza Dehestani
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2006)

In this paper, relative capacity of a specific higher order Hopfield-type associative memory is considered. This model, which is known as exponential Hopfield Neural Network is suitable for hardware implementation and is not of a great computational cost. It is shown that, this modification of the Hopfield model significantly improves the storage capacity of the associative memory. We also classify the model via a stability measure, and study the effect of training the network with biased patterns on the stability.
Edge-Enhanced Error Diffusion Halftoning using Human Visual Properties
Authors: Nae-Joung Kwak, Soung-Pil Ryu, Jae-Hyeong Ahn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 01 (2006)

Digital halftoning is the technique to obtain a bilevel-toned image from continuous-toned image. Among halftoning methods, the error diffusion method gives better subjective quality than other halftoning ones. But it also makes edges of objects blurred. To overcome the defect, we proposes the modified error diffusion to enhance the edges using the property that human vision perceives the local average luminance and doesn't perceive a little variation of the spatial information. The proposed method computes a local activity measure, which is the difference between a pixel luminance and the average of its 3x3 neighborhood pixels' luminance weighted according to the spatial positioning. The system also uses information of edge enhancement (IEE), which is computed from the normalized spatial activity measure multiplied by the average luminance. The IEE is added to the quantizer's input pixel and feeds into the halftoning quantizer. The quantizer produces the halftone image having the enhanced edge.The computer experimental results show that the proposed method produces clearer bilevel-toned images than conventional methods and the edge of objects is preserved well. Also the performance of the proposed method is improved, compared with that of the conventional method by measuring the edge correlation and the local average accordance at some ranges of viewing distance.
KaiKai: A NAT Traversal Approach by Using Protocol Behavior Analysis
Authors: Yung-Li Chang, Hsiang-Kai Liao, Ce-Kuen Shieh, Yu-Ben Miao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

Typical NAT traversable applications solve the peer-to-peer communication problems by means of STUN-like NAT traversal approach. For example, Skype is a well-known NAT traversable application. The Skype developer claims that peer-to-peer voice over IP (VoIP) service can work across NATs/firewalls. Two Skype clients which reside in different NATs can connect directly with each other. Nonetheless, Skype clients can not traverse through the NAT daemon on FreeBSD system without "Deny Incoming" option being set. The default of this option is disabled and Skype clients must depend on third parties to relay voice instead of contacting with correspondent directly. The situation result in voice quality degradation and scalability problems. This paper proposes a novel approach "KaiKai" for applications to solve this problem. KaiKai can make two clients contact directly even these two clients reside in different NATs. By using protocol behavior analysis, KaiKai can cooperate with NATs with or without "Deny Incoming" option being set. We implemented KaiKai on Windows system and chose Skype as our demonstration application. Our experiments show that KaiKai can make two Skype clients connect directly behind different NATs. Consequently, the better quality of service and scalability can be achieved.
The Functional Organization of Auditory Working Memory as Revealed by fMRI
Authors: Stephen R. Arnott, Cheryl L. Grady, Stephanie J. Hevenor, Simon Graham, Claude Alain
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Spatial and nonspatial auditory tasks preferentially recruit dorsal and ventral brain areas, respectively. However, the extent to which these auditory differences reflect specific aspects of mental processing has not been directly studied. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants encoded and maintained either the location or the identity of a sound for a delay period of several seconds and then subsequently compared that information with a second sound. Relative to sound localization, sound identification was associated with greater hemodynamic activity in the left rostral superior temporal gyrus. In contrast, localizing sounds recruited greater activity in the parietal cortex, posterior temporal lobe, and superior frontal sulcus. The identification differences were most prominent during the early stage of the trial, whereas the location differences were most evident during the late (i.e., comparison) stage. Accordingly, our results suggest that auditory spatial and identity dissociations as revealed by functional imaging may be dependent to some degree on the type of processing being carried out. In addition, dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral superior parietal areas showed greater activity during the comparison as opposed to the earlier stage of the trial, regardless of the type of auditory task, consistent with results from visual working memory studies.
Combining Cues: Shape from Shading and Texture
Authors: Ryan White, David A. Forsyth
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

We demonstrate a method for reconstructing the shape of a deformed surface from a single view. After decomposing an image into irradiance and albedo components, we combine normal cues from shading and texture to produce a field of unambiguous normals. Using these normals, we reconstruct the 3D geometry. Our method works in two regimes: either requiring the frontal appearance of the texture or building it automatically from a series of images of the deforming texture. We can recover geometry with errors below four percent of object size on arbitrary textures, and estimate specific geometric parameters using a custom texture even more accurately.
Current conduction mechanism in TiO2 gate dielectrics
Authors: S. Chakraborty, M. K. Bera, S. Bhattacharya, C. K. Maiti
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2005)

Electrical properties of titanium oxide (TiO"2) deposited on strained-Si heterolayers by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from an organo-metallic precursor titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), have been investigated in Al/TiO"2/strained-Si structures by capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. For as-deposited layers, which exhibit high level of interface states and leakage current, both Poole-Frenkel (PF) and Schottky emission (SE) effects govern the conduction mechanism. After post deposition annealing in pure nitrogen ambient at 400^oC, the conduction mechanism changes and the interface state density reduces by an order of magnitude. It is found that after annealing, only Schottky emission dominates the conduction mechanism at a low electric field.