ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Formalizing Design Guidelines of Legibility on Web Pages
Authors: Fong-Ling Fu, Chiu-Hung Su
Venue: Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2009 on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction. Part II: Held as part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Screen design of web pages is challenging because web pages contain lot of icons, consisting not only of texts with various fonts but also graphics with different sizes and content. The objectives for screen design of a web page can be either to provide aesthetic beauty, to convey complex information, to improve legibility, or some combination of the above. This study chooses to formalize design guidelines of legibility because information is becoming more and more complicated in web pages and hampering the efficiency of information searching. This study proposes six measurements of screen legibility: screen ratio of navigator to content, font size variety, variety of icon types, color contrast between background and foreground, content density, and number of alignment points. These six factors were then use to measure the legibility effectiveness of the startup page on four different yahoo.com sites. Combined with the results from a survey study, we concluded that all six factors were validated to be attributes with a significant and measurable impact on web site legibility.
Compositing for small cameras
Authors: Georg Klein, David Murray
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2008)

To achieve a realistic integration of virtual and real imagery in video see-through augmented reality, the rendered images should have a similar appearance and quality to those captured by the video camera. This paper describes a compositing method which models the artefacts produced by a small low-cost camera, and adds these effects to an ideal pinhole image produced by conventional rendering methods. We attempt to model and simulate each step of the imaging process, including distortions, chromatic aberrations, blur, bayer masking, noise and colour-space compression, all while requiring only an RGBA image and an estimate of camera velocity as inputs.
A Fast SVM Incremental Learning Algorithm Based on the Central Convex Hulls Algorithm
Authors: Xiaodan Wang, Chongming Wu, Dongying Bai, Hongda Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 03 (2009)

How to deal with the newly added training samples, and utilize the result of the previous training effectively to get better classification result fast are the main tasks of incremental learning. A fast SVM incremental learning algorithm based on the central convex hulls algorithm is proposed in this paper. To utilize the result of the previous training and retain the useful information in the training set effectively, the relationship between the KKT conditions of support vector machine and the distribution of the training samples is analyzed. To reduce the computational cost of the incremental learning, the current training sample set is pre-extracted from the geometric point of view, and the obtained between-class convex hull vectors are used as the training samples in the SVM incremental training. Experimental results with the standard dataset indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Shrinkage estimators for large covariance matrices in multivariate real and complex normal distributions under an invariant quadratic loss
Authors: Yoshihiko Konno
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2009)

The problem of estimating large covariance matrices of multivariate real normal and complex normal distributions is considered when the dimension of the variables is larger than the number of samples. The Stein-Haff identities and calculus on eigenstructure for singular Wishart matrices are developed for real and complex cases, respectively. By using these techniques, the unbiased risk estimates for certain classes of estimators for the population covariance matrices under invariant quadratic loss functions are obtained for real and complex cases, respectively. Based on the unbiased risk estimates, shrinkage estimators which are counterparts of the estimators due to Haff [L.R. Haff, Empirical Bayes estimation of the multivariate normal covariance matrix, Ann. Statist. 8 (1980) 586-697] are shown to improve upon the best scalar multiple of the empirical covariance matrix under the invariant quadratic loss functions for both real and complex multivariate normal distributions in the situation where the dimension of the variables is larger than the number of samples.
Evolutionary and lifetime learning in varying NK fitness landscape changing environments: an analysis of both fitness and diversity
Authors: Dara Curran, Colm O'Riordan, Humphrey Sorensen
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1 (2007)

This paper examines the effects of lifetime learning on populations evolving genetically in a series of changing environmets. The analysis of both fitness and diversity of the populations provides an insight into the improved performance provided by lifetime learning. The NK fitness landscape model is employed as the problem task, which has the advantage of being able to generate a variety of fitness landscapes of varying difficulty. Experiments observe the response of populations in an environment where problem difficulty increases and decreases with varying frequency. Results show that lifetime learning is capable of overall higher fitness levels and, in addition, that lifetime learning stimulates the diversity of the population. This increased diversity allows lifetime learning a greater level of recovery and stability than evolutionary learning alone.
An Image Compression Approach Based on IWT and Grey Prediction
Authors: Ziguang Sun, Zengfang Zhang, Chungui Li, Qin Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WASE International Conference on Information Engineering - Volume 01 (2009)

A progressive image compression approach based on integer wavelet transform (IWT) and grey prediction is proposed. The compression approach is combining the EZW method and a grey prediction to compress images. IWT adopts lifting scheme and the grey prediction is based on the grey theory to further improve the compression rate withou degrading the image quality. Experiments show that the proposed approach has better performance.
Extractors Using Hardness Amplification
Authors: Anindya De, Luca Trevisan
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop and 13th International Workshop on Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (2009)

Zimand [24] presented simple constructions of locally computable strong extractors whose analysis relies on the direct product theorem for one-way functions and on the Blum-Micali-Yao generator. For N-bit sources of entropy ¿N, his extractor has seed O(log2 N) and extracts N ¿/3 random bits.We show that his construction can be analyzed based solely on the direct product theorem for general functions. Using the direct product theorem of Impagliazzo et al. [6], we show that Zimand's construction can extract $\tilde \Omega_\gamma (N^{1/3}) $ random bits. (As in Zimand's construction, the seed length is O(log2 N) bits.)We also show that a simplified construction can be analyzed based solely on the XOR lemma. Using Levin's proof of the XOR lemma [8], we provide an alternative simpler construction of a locally computable extractor with seed length O(log2 N) and output length $\tilde \Omega_\gamma (N^{1/3})$.Finally, we show that the derandomized direct product theorem of Impagliazzo and Wigderson [7] can be used to derive a locally computable extractor construction with O(logN) seed length and $\tilde \Omega (N^{1/5})$ output length. Zimand describes a construction with O(logN) seed length and $O(2^{\sqrt{\log N}})$ output length.
Research on Narrow Gap Welding Parameters Optimization
Authors: Qinghua Lu, Zhishui Yu, Guoxiang Xu, Jianping He
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - Volume 03 (2009)

The effects of welding voltage, welding current and weld heat input on the A105 steel weld formation quality using submerged-arc welding (SAW) with small diameter welding wire were experimentally researched. Through lots of experiments of surface overlaying on flat plates, the optimal parameters were obtained sequentially using numerical regression analysis. The calculated results were compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. And the optimal variation ranges were obtained. The relationship of the weld heat input with the weld width was qualified to assure the optimal weld appearance quality. At last, the optimal parameters were validated experimentally with narrow gap SAW.
Learning and Predicting Key Web Navigation Patterns Using Bayesian Models
Authors: Malik Tahir Hassan, Khurum Nazir Junejo, Asim Karim
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part II (2009)

The accurate prediction of Web navigation patterns has immense commercial value as the Web evolves into a primary medium for marketing and sales for many businesses. Often these predictions are based on complex temporal models of users' behavior learned from historical data. Such an approach, however, is not readily understandable by business people and hence less likely to be used. In this paper, we consider several key and practical Web navigation patterns and present Bayesian models for their learning and prediction. The navigation patterns considered include pages (or page categories) visited in first N positions, type of visit (short or long), and rank of page categories visited in first N positions. The patterns are learned and predicted for specific users, time slots, and user-time slot combinations. We employ Bayes rule and Markov chain in our learning and prediction models. The focus is on accuracy and simplicity rather than modeling the complex Web user behavior. We evaluate our models on four weeks of Web navigation data. Prediction models are learned from the first three weeks of data and the predictions are tested on last week's data. The results confirm the high accuracy and good efficiency of our models.
Empirical Research on Housing Price Ripple Effect between China's Cities
Authors: Hongjing Zhang, Lanhai Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IITA International Conference on Services Science, Management and Engineering (2009)

Basedoneconometricsprinciplesofthecointegrationtestandtheerrorcorrection model,thisresearchdevelopsaninnovativeapproachtoquantitativelyexaminetheripple effect ofhouseprices between Chinese big cities. Eight main capital cities’ house price indexes (1998-2007) are selected and calculated using unit root test, Engle-Granger test and error correction model.The empirical results show that there is ripple effect of house price in nationwide eight cities. Simultaneously, the corresponding ripple effect pattern graph of nationwide eight cities is generated. It significantly shows that Shenzhen is original region of nationwide house price changing.
Relational query coprocessing on graphics processors
Authors: Bingsheng He, Mian Lu, Ke Yang, Rui Fang, Naga K. Govindaraju, Qiong Luo, Pedro V. Sander
Venue: ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) (2009)

Graphics processors (GPUs) have recently emerged as powerful coprocessors for general purpose computation. Compared with commodity CPUs, GPUs have an order of magnitude higher computation power as well as memory bandwidth. Moreover, new-generation GPUs allow writes to random memory locations, provide efficient interprocessor communication through on-chip local memory, and support a general purpose parallel programming model. Nevertheless, many of the GPU features are specialized for graphics processing, including the massively multithreaded architecture, the Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data processing style, and the execution model of a single application at a time. Additionally, GPUs rely on a bus of limited bandwidth to transfer data to and from the CPU, do not allow dynamic memory allocation from GPU kernels, and have little hardware support for write conflicts. Therefore, a careful design and implementation is required to utilize the GPU for coprocessing database queries. In this article, we present our design, implementation, and evaluation of an in-memory relational query coprocessing system, GDB, on the GPU. Taking advantage of the GPU hardware features, we design a set of highly optimized data-parallel primitives such as split and sort, and use these primitives to implement common relational query processing algorithms. Our algorithms utilize the high parallelism as well as the high memory bandwidth of the GPU, and use parallel computation and memory optimizations to effectively reduce memory stalls. Furthermore, we propose coprocessing techniques that take into account both the computation resources and the GPU-CPU data transfer cost so that each operator in a query can utilize suitable processors&mdash;the CPU, the GPU, or both&mdash;for an optimized overall performance. We have evaluated our GDB system on a machine with an Intel quad-core CPU and an NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX GPU. Our workloads include microbenchmark queries on memory-resident data as well as TPC-H queries that involve complex data types and multiple query operators on data sets larger than the GPU memory. Our results show that our GPU-based algorithms are 2--27x faster than their optimized CPU-based counterparts on in-memory data. Moreover, the performance of our coprocessing scheme is similar to, or better than, both the GPU-only and the CPU-only schemes.
Translating a Dependently-Typed Logic to First-Order Logic
Authors: Kristina Sojakova, Florian Rabe
Venue: Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques: 19th International Workshop, WADT 2008, Pisa, Italy, June 13-16, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

DFOL is a logic that extends first-order logic with dependent types. We give a translation from DFOL to FOL formalized as an institution comorphism and show that it admits the model expansion property. This property together with the borrowing theorem implies the soundness of borrowing -- a result that enables us to reason about entailment in DFOL by using automated tools for FOL. In addition, the translation permits us to deduce properties of DFOL such as completeness, compactness, and existence of free models from the corresponding properties of FOL, and to regard DFOL as a fragment of FOL. We give an example that shows how problems about DFOL can be solved by using the automated FOL prover Vampire. Future work will focus on the integration of the translation into the specification and translation tool HeTS.
Extending Context Spaces Theory by Predicting Run-Time Context
Authors: Andrey Boytsov, Arkady Zaslavsky, Kåre Synnes
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking and Second Conference on Smart Spaces (2009)

Context awareness and prediction are important for pervasive computing systems. The recently developed theory of context spaces addresses problems related to sensor data uncertainty and high-level situation reasoning. This paper proposes and discusses componentized context prediction algorithms and thus extends the context spaces theory. This paper focuses on two questions: how to plug-in appropriate context prediction techniques, including Markov chains, Bayesian reasoning and sequence predictors, to the context spaces theory and how to estimate the efficiency of those techniques. The paper also proposes and presents a testbed for testing a variety of context prediction methods. The results and ongoing implementation are also discussed.
Identifying Weaknesses for Chilean E-Government Implementation in Public Agencies with Maturity Model
Authors: Mauricio Solar, Hernán Astudillo, Gonzalo Valdes, Marcelo Iribarren, Gastón Concha
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electronic Government (2009)

Evaluating readiness of individual public agencies to execute specific e-Government programs and directives is a key ingredient for wider e-Government deployment and success. This article describes how the eGov-MM model was used to over 30 many Chilean public agencies and to identify specific areas in which each of them should focus improvement efforts. eGov-MM is a capability maturity model, patterned on similar models from the IT and organizational domains; it recognizes 4 leverage domains, 17 key domain areas (KDA) and 54 critical variables, identifies capability levels for each critical variable and KDA and proposes a synthetic maturity level for institutions. The 9-agencies pilot study and the 30-agencies massive study indicate that, in Chile today, the best developed areas are IT-related and mirror exactly those that are pre-requisites for the goals of the 5-years Digital Strategy, and the least evaluated are related to internal processes and human capital management.
Modeling and Simulation of Human Interaction Based on Mutual Beliefs
Authors: Taro Kanno, Atsushi Watanabe, Kazuo Furuta
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International on ConferenceUniversal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part II: Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction Environments (2009)

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of human-human interaction based on a concept of mutual beliefs, aiming to describe and investigate the cognitive mechanism behind human interactions that is a crucial factor for system design and assessment. The proposed model captures four important aspects of human interactions: beliefs structure, mental states and cognitive components, cognitive and belief inference processes, and metacognitive manipulations. This model was implemented with a Bayesian belief network and some test simulations were carried out. Results showed that some basic qualitative characteristics of human interactions as well as the effectiveness of mutual beliefs could be well simulated. The paper concludes by discussing the possibility of the application of this model and simulation to universal access and HCI design and assessment.
Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation Based on Affinity Propagation
Authors: Chunlian Li, Lili Dou, Yu Sun, Di Liu, Ying Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems - Volume 04 (2009)

Accurate segmentation of magnetic resonance images(MRI) corrupted by intensity in homogeneity is a challenging problem and has received an enormous amount of attention lately. On the basis of the local image model, we propose a different segmentation method for MR brain images without estimation and correction for intensity heterogeneity. Firstly, we obtain clustering context which size is optimized by a minimum entropy criterion. Then, Each context is segmented by Affinity Propagation(AP) algorithm. The proposed methodology has been evaluated for simulated images and shown the better results.
Wavelet-Based ECG Delineation on a Wearable Embedded Sensor Platform
Authors: Nicolas Boichat, Nadia Khaled, Francisco Rincon, David Atienza
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (2009)

The analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for diagnosing many cardiac diseases. Since most of the clinically useful information in the ECG is found in characteristic wave peaks and boundaries, a significantamount of research effort has been devoted to the development of accurate and robust algorithms for automatic detection of the major ECG characteristic waves (i.e., the QRS complex, P and T waves), so-called ECG wave delineation. One of the most salient ECG wave delineation algorithms is based on the wavelet transform (WT). This work is dedicated to the sensible optimization and porting of this WT-based ECG wave delineator to an actual wearable embedded sensor platform with limited processing and storage resources. The porting was successful and the implementation was extensively validated using a standard manually annotated database. Interestingly, our results show that, despite the limitations of the embedded sensor platform, careful optimization allows to achieve comparable or even better delineation results than the original offline algorithm.
Participation in knowledge building "revisited": reflective discussion and information design with advanced digital video technology
Authors: Carmen Zahn, Karsten Krauskopf, Friedrich W. Hesse, Roy Pea
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1 (2009)

Advanced tools in the realm of Web 2.0 applications have pushed forward a new paradigm for using (audio)visual media. This paradigm shift marks a starting point for theoretical reflections and empirical research on the changing nature of participation in modern knowledge building communities involving digital video. We propose a simplified model of collaborative dual-space problem solving, distinguishing online discussion from online design. Directions for future research and the educational implications of this perspective are discussed.
Numerical simulation of spin coated P3HT organic thin film transistors with field dependent mobility and distributed contact resistance
Authors: Abdul Khaliq, Feng Liang Xue, Kody Varahramyan
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2009)

P3HT thin film transistors (TFT) have been fabricated using inkjet printing technique. The present work aims at the systematic study of the impact of distributed contact resistance including field dependent mobility. The coupled analysis is not yet explored for polymer organic thin film transistors. Numerical simulations are performed to study the coupled influence of field mobility and distributed contact resistance on the FET device behavior. Considering the influence of field mobility and distributed contact resistance, simulated results are consistent with our experimental results.
Decimal Transcendentals via Binary
Authors: John Harrison
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (2009)

We describe the design and implementation of a comprehensive library of transcendental functions for the new IEEE decimal floating-point formats. In principle, such functions are very much analogous to their binary counterparts,though with a few additional subtleties connected with `scale' (preferred exponent). But our approach has been not to employ direct techniques, but rather to re-use existing binary functions as much as possible, both for greater efficiency and ease of implementation. For some functions the most straightforward approach (convert from decimal to binary, perform binary operation, convert back) works well. In many cases, however, these are insufficiently accurate, and subtler approaches must be used.
Hybrid Logics of Separation Axioms
Authors: Dmitry Sustretov
Venue: Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2009)

We study hybrid logics in topological semantics. We prove that hybrid logics of separation axioms are complete with respect to certain classes of finite topological models. This characterisation allows us to obtain several further results. We prove that aforementioned logics are decidable and PSPACE-complete, the logics of T 1 and T 2 coincide, the logic of T 1 is complete with respect to two concrete structures: the Cantor space and the rational numbers.
Two approaches for building an unsupervised dependency parser and their other applications
Authors: Jagadeesh Gorla, Amit Goyal, Rajeev Sangal
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2 (2007)

Much work has been done on building a parser for natural languages, but most of this work has concentrated on supervised parsing. Unsupervised parsing is a less explored area, and unsupervised dependency parser has hardly been tried. In this paper we present two approaches for building an unsupervised dependency parser. One approach is based on learning dependency relations and the other on learning subtrees. We also propose some other applications of these approaches.