ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Social issues in the administration of information systems survey research
Authors: Susan K. Lippert
Venue: Computing information technology: the human side (2003)

Survey responses differ between direct paper and pencil (manual) administration and Internet-based (electronic) survey data collection methods. Social dynamics (issues) play an important role in influencing respondent participation. A review of the existing literature suggests that the medium and administration context affect differences in instrument performance parameters, i.e., response rate, participation ease, attractiveness of survey, novelty effect, administrative costs, response flexibility, response time, population size, sample bias, instrument validity, the management of non-response data, and response error. This chapter attempts to identify, describe and map the differences between survey data collection media as a function of selected social variables.
Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: Objectives, Results, Achievements
Authors: Martin Braschler, Carol Peters
Venue: Information Retrieval (2004)

The Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) is now in its fourth year of activity. We summarize the main lessons learned during this period, outline the state-of-the-art of the research reported in the CLEF experiments and discuss the contribution that this initiative has made to research and development in the multilingual information access domain. We also make proposals for future directions in system evaluation aimed at meeting emerging needs.
Convergence of Minimum-Entropy Robust Estimators: Applications in DSP and Instrumentation
Authors: José Ismael de la Rosa Vargas
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (2004)

In this paper we propose to continue in the same researchline initiated by Pronzato and Thierry [A minimum-entropy estimator for regression problems with unknown distribution of observation errors],[Entropy minimization of parameter estimator with unknown distribution of observation erros], recent works inspired in the minimum-entropy estimationhave been published by De la Rosa and Fleury [On the Kernel selection for Minimum-Entropy estimation],[Minimum-Entropy, pdf approximation and Kernel selection for measurement estimation] in the instrumentation framework. An statistical modelhas been established to represent some instrumental signals,similarly, some limited hypothesis over such a modelhave been made. In fact, we assume limited knowledge ofthe noise or external perturbations distribution that interactinto the system. The use of robust estimators in such situationsis very helpful, since the real systems are always exposedto continuous perturbations of unknown nature. Someapplications where the last is true are: medical instrumentation,industrial processes, in telecommunications amongothers. Some results of new minimum-entropy estimatorsfor linear and nonlinear models are presented, such resultscomplement those presented by Pronzato and Thierry.
Stress development during evaporation of Cu and Ag on Silicon
Authors: T. Pienkos, A. Proszynski, D. Chocyk, L. Gladyszewski, G. Gladyszewski
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

This work presents results of stress measurements during deposition of thin silver and copper films on 100 µm Si substrate. The stress in thin films has been determined by means of an optical system for the measurement of sample's curvature. This system was applied in situ in a high vacuum deposition system. For Ag films the stress occurring during deposition goes from a low compressive value to tensile for thickness less than 30 nm and to compressive above this. For Cu films we observe tensile stress for thickness less 20 nm and above 50 nm. The same general trend of stress evolution with thickness is present in all cases at initial stage. There is the same growth mode for Cu and Ag because of the similar shapes of stress curves for thickness lower than 30 nm The behavior of stress evolution was explained by island nucleation and growth, island coalescence and continuous film growth. The difference in the stress evolution above 30 nm is caused by the fact that silver may be less sensitive than copper to adsorption of impurities. Adsorbed contamination inhibits compressive stress increase generated by grain boundary and defects remaining in the film.
Special Issue: Machine Learning in Design
Authors: Alex H. B. Duffy, David C. Brown, Ashok K. Goel
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (1998)

This issue of AIEDAM is based on a workshop on Machine Learning in Design held at the 1996 Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, AID'96 (Gero & Sudweeks, 1996), the third of such workshops, with the previous two being held at AID'92 (Gero, 1992) and at AID'94 (Gero & Sudweeks, 1994). The first two workshops also resulted in special issues of AIEDAM (Maher et al., 1994; Duffy et al., 1996).
Modular control-flow analysis with rank 2 intersection types
Authors: Anindya Banerjee, Thomas Jensen
Venue: Mathematical Structures in Computer Science (2003)

We show how the principal typing property of the rank 2 intersection type system enables the specification of a modular and polyvariant control-flow analysis.
A Note on the Internal Stability for 2-D Singular Discrete Systems
Authors: Chenxiao Cai, Weiqun Wang, Yun Zou
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2004)

In this paper, the conjecture proposed by Zou and Campbell &lsqb;Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, no. 11, 2000, pp. 321&ndash;338&rsqb; on the internal stability for 2-D linear discrete systems is proven. It reveals that the internal stability is only dependent on the asymptotic property of the system states. This is very significant for the simplification of the definition of internal stability and hence to make it more comprehensible.
Vessel Arrival Process and Queueing in Marine Ports Handling Bulk Materials
Authors: David Jagerman, Tayfur Altiok
Venue: Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications (2003)

We study the vessel arrival process in bulk ports handling either cargo containers or minerals. Then we introduce the SHIP/G/1 queue to be able to study the queueing behavior at the port. We present approximations for the asymptotic probabilities of delay and the number of vessels at the port. Numerical examples show the accuracy of the approximations. In appendices, we provide details of the analysis of the number of vessels at the port and the correlation properties of the vessel arrival process.
Some bijective results about the ares of Schröder paths
Authors: L. Ferrari, E. Grazzini, E. Pergola, S. Rinaldi
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2003)

In the existing literature there are many combinatorial interpretations for the sequence (ai)i≥1 = 1,3,7,17,41,... (M2665 in The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, New York, 1995), and at least one for the subsequence of its odd-indexed terms, i.e. 1,7,41,239,..., using the area under elevated Schröder paths. We provide a combinatorial interpretation for the subsequence given by the remaining terms 3,17,99,..., also in this case by using the area under Schröder paths.
The impact of inter-organizational internet communication on purchasing performance
Authors: Shaohan Cai
Venue:  (2003)

With the explosive growth of Internet use in the past decade, inter-organizational communication over the Internet has become attractive to an increasing number of companies. A variety of Internet technologies, ranging from simple communication applications, like e-mail, to more advanced tools, like the Internet-based inter-organizational systems (IOS), have been adopted by numerous companies for meeting their inter-firm communication needs. Thus, these Internet communication tools have already become important alternatives to traditional communication media, such as telephone, fax, and mail. Although much research has examined inter-organizational communication flows in the context of a traditional communication environment (e.g., Mohr and Nevin, 1990; Mohr and Sohi, 1995), very few studies have specifically addressed inter-organizational Internet communication activities. The lack of theoretical and empirical studies in this field makes it difficult for managers to determine how their resources and efforts should be best allocated for achieving high quality inter-organizational communication and enhancing cooperation with their business partners. This study intends to expand the body of knowledge relating to the decision theory, particularly in terms of the antecedents and consequences of adopting and implementing inter-organizational Internet communication and related decision making processes. The author first identified the following three key dimensions of Internet communication behaviors based on the relevant literature review: frequency, diversity, and formality. Then, the author conducted a series of one-to-one telephone interviews. Finally, the author collected data from 284 Chinese manufacturing firms and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling technique. The results of both interviews and structural equation model test revealed that the frequency and diversity of Internet communication played an important role in determining the level of purchasing performance, while formality was critical to managing information flows over the Internet and preventing potential Internet information security risks. Further, this study found that two factors, such as perceived Internet security risks and norms of Internet information sharing, significantly influenced Internet communication behaviors.
Automatic compilation to a coarse-grained reconfigurable system-opn-chip
Authors: Girish Venkataramani, Walid Najjar, Fadi Kurdahi, Nader Bagherzadeh, Wim Bohm, Jeff Hammes
Venue: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) (2003)

The rapid growth of device densities on silicon has made it feasible to deploy reconfigurable hardware as a highly parallel computing platform. However, one of the obstacles to the wider acceptance of this technology is its programmability. The application needs to be programmed in hardware description languages or an assembly equivalent, whereas most application programmers are used to the algorithmic programming paradigm. SA-C has been proposed as an expression-oriented language designed to implicitly express data parallel operations. The Morphosys project proposes an SoC architecture consisting of reconfigurable hardware that supports a data-parallel, SIMD computational model. This paper describes a compiler framework to analyze SA-C programs, perform optimizations, and automatically map the application onto the Morphosys architecture. The mapping process is static and it involves operation scheduling, processor allocation and binding, and register allocation in the context of the Morphosys architecture. The compiler also handles issues concerning data streaming and caching in order to minimize data transfer overhead. We have compiled some important image-processing kernels, and the generated schedules reflect an average speedup in execution times of up to 6&times; compared to the execution on 800 MHz Pentium III machines.
Publishing model for web applications: a user-centered approach
Authors: Roberto Paiano, Leonardo Mangia, Vito Perrone
Venue: Information management: support systems & multimedia technology (2003)

This chapter defines a publishing model for Web applications starting from the analysis of the most well-known modeling methodology, such as HDM, OOHDM, WebML, Conallen's method and others.The analysis has been focused to verify the state of art about the modeling of Web application pages. In particular, the different types of elements that compose the Web page in the above models are taken into consideration.This chapter describes the evolution of the HDM methodology starting from the first approach based on the definition of a LP concept up to the more structured and complex Conceptual page, based on the influence of "operations" on the modeling of the dynamics of navigation between pages.
A Narrow Pulse- Suppressing Filter For Input Buffer
Authors: Pradip Mandal
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

A narrow pulse-suppressing filter allows a wide pulse andblocks a narrow pulse. While existing pulse suppressingfilters can block an isolated narrow pulse, they fail to stopa series of narrow pulses. Here we propose a differentfilter topology, which can suppress even an infinite seriesof narrow pulses. This is achieved by appropriatelyinitializing the filter capacitor for every input transitionedge, independent of whether the edge is successfullypropagated to the output or not. Functionality of theproposed circuit is analyzed and demonstrated with Spicesimulation.
From Synchronous to Asynchronous: An Automatic Approach
Authors: J. Cortadella, A. Kondratyev, L. Lavagno, K. Lwin, C. Sotiriou
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 2 (2004)

This paper presents a methodology to derive asynchronous circuits from optimized synchronous circuits by replacing the clock distribution tree by a handshaking network. A case study shows the applicability of the method and the potential benefits of de-synchronizing synchronous circuits.
Application-specific compression for time delay estimation in sensor networks
Authors: Lavanya Vasudevan, Antonio Ortega, Urbashi Mitra
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (2003)

Sensor networks have emerged as a fundamentally new tool for monitoring inaccessible environments. They are distinguished from traditional sensors by strict limitations on system bandwidth and sensor energy resources. These constraints motivate the use of data compression at each sensor. Location finding is an important application of sensor networks, and estimation of the time delay between data from different sensors is a key step in localization. In this work, new quantizer designs specific to the time-delay estimation problem in sensor networks are presented. The goal for these new application-specific encoders is to achieve the best time delay estimate at a given bandwidth budget or latency bound, or minimize the rate required to reach an estimate with desired accuracy.
An Algebra for Inductive Query Evaluation
Authors: Sau Dan Lee, Luc De Raedt
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

Inductive queries are queries that generate pattern sets.This paper studies properties of boolean inductive queries,i.e. queries that are boolean expressions over monotonicand anti-monotonic constraints. More specifically, we introduceand study algebraic operations on the answer setsof such queries and show how these can be used for constructingand optimizing query plans. Special attention isdevoted to the dimension of the queries, i.e. the minimumnumber of version spaces needed to represent the answersets. The framework has been implemented for the patterndomain of strings and experimentally validated.
Sketching informal presentations
Authors: Yang Li, James A. Landay, Zhiwei Guan, Xiangshi Ren, Guozhong Dai
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2003)

Informal presentations are a lightweight means for fast and convenient communication of ideas. People communicate their ideas to others on paper and whiteboards, which afford fluid sketching of graphs, words and other expressive symbols. Unlike existing authoring tools that are designed for formal presentations, we created SketchPoint to help presenters design informal presentations via freeform sketching. In SketchPoint, presenters can quickly author presentations by sketching slide content, overall hierarchical structures and hyperlinks. To facilitate the transition from idea capture to communication, a note-taking workspace was built for accumulating ideas and sketching presentation outlines. Informal feedback showed that SketchPoint is a promising tool for idea communication.
BluePoint: a bluetooth-based architecture for location-positioning services
Authors: Alvin T. S. Chan, Hong Va Leong, Joseph Chan, Alan Hon, Larry Lau, Leo Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

Mobile computing has induced a class of killer applications recently by extending the paradigm of parallel and distributed computing across a mobile environment. A very important class of applications involves the location-awareness of a mobile user. Two major issues must be addressed to deliver appropriate services to mobile users. One is the availability of a good location-positioning system and the second is an infrastructure that enables the positions to be tracked for the perusal of user applications. In this paper, we propose the BluePoint architecture that allows mobile user locations to be managed effectively and transparently. This is realized through a middleware for the application developers, shielding the applications from the distribution and heterogeneity of the underlying communication networks and the locating infrastructures. The middleware offers a set of location-based support functions and high-level APIs to the application programmers. Other useful components are built around the architecture. We built a prototype of BluePoint, with some sample applications set in the context of a hospital environment. In this paper, we will focus on the middleware-based architecture of BluePoint, providing services which are integrated seamlessly to the user applications. Services provided in the middleware include Location Information Management, Location Information Retrieval, Location Event Notification and Access Control on Mobile Units.
How to encode semantic knowledge: a method for meaning representation and computer-aided acquisition
Authors: Paola Velardi, Michela Fasolo, Maria Teresa Pazienza
Venue: Computational Linguistics (1991)

Natural language processing will not be able to compete with traditional information retrieval unless high-coverage techniques are developed. It is commonly agreed that a poor encoding of the semantic lexicon is the bottleneck of many existing systems. A hand encoding of semantic knowledge on an extensive basis is not realistic; hence, it is important to devise methods by which such knowledge can be acquired in part or entirely by a computer. But what type of semantic knowledge could be automatically learned, from which sources, and by what methods? This paper explores the above issues and proposes an algorithm to learn syncategorematic concepts from text exemplars. What is learned about a concept is not its defining features, such as kinship, but rather its patterns of use.The knowledge acquisition method is based on learning by observations; observations are examples of word co-occurrences (collocations) in a large corpus, detected by a morphosyntactic analyzer. A semantic bias is used to associate collocations with the appropriate meaning relation, if one exists. Based upon single or multiple examples, the acquired knowledge is then generalized to create semantic rules on concept uses.Interactive human intervention is required in the training phase, when the bias is defined and refined. The duration of this phase depends upon the semantic closure of the sublanguage on which the experiment is carried out. After training, final approval by a linguist is still needed for the acquired semantic rules. At the current stage of experimentation of this system, it is unclear whether and when human supervision could be further reduced.
Weblogs: Simplifying Web Publishing
Authors: Charlie Lindahl
Venue: Computer (2003)

Weblogs offer a way to stay "up close and personal" with the vast global information resources available on the Web.
Evaluating the impact of process improvements quantitatively using process modeling
Authors: David Raffo
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 (1993)

The concept of continuous process improvement, although familiar in the manufacturing arena, is just starting to be implemented in the software industry. Currently, software development organizations have identified potential process improvements and are working to implement results from ISO 9000 audits and Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Software Process Assessments. Quantitative methods are needed to prioritize process changes and to justify resources for proposed improvements based on overall process performance. However, these methods have not yet been developed.This work uses software process modeling to predict the impact of potential process changes on quantitative performance measures before a substantial commitment of time and resources is made. The work addresses the performance measures of development cost, source code quality, and project schedule. This analysis can be used to prioritize process improvements based on their potential performance impact and to obtain management support for the proposed change.The proposed modeling approach is applied to a realistic example process and potential process change with assumed task durations and outcomes. This example process and potential process change are analyzed using a stochastic simulation approach which was developed by Marc Kellner et al. at SEI using the STATEMATE modeling tool.
Segmentation of Lecture Videos Based on Text: A Method Combining Multiple Linguistic Features
Authors: Ming Lin, Jay F. Nunamaker Jr., Michael Chau, Hsinchun Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 1 - Volume 1 (2004)

In multimedia-based e-Learning systems, there are strong needs for segmenting lecture videos into topic units in order to organize the videos for browsing and to provide search capability. Automatic segmentation is highly desired because of the high cost of manual segmentation. While a lot of research has been conducted on topic segmentation of transcribed spoken text, most attempts rely on domain-specific cues and formal presentation format, and require extensive training; none of these features exist in lecture videos with unscripted and spontaneous speech. In addition, lecture videos usually have few scene changes, which implies that the visual information that most video segmentation methods rely on is not available. Furthermore, even when there are scene changes, they do not match with the topic transitions. In this paper, we make use of the transcribed speech text extracted from the audio track of video to segment lecture videos into topics. We review related research and propose a new segmentation approach. Our approach utilizes features such as noun phrases and combines multiple content-based and discourse-based features. Our preliminary results show that the noun phrases are salient features and the combination of multiple features is promising to improve segmentation accuracy.
Experience with Pascal compilers on mini-computers
Authors: D. Bates, R. Cailliau
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1977)

This paper relates the history of an implementation of the language PASCAL on a minicomputer. The unnecessary difficulties encountered on the way, led the authors to reflect on the distribution of "portable" compilers in general and suggest some guidelines for the future.Their experiences described within show that it should be possible to implement a P4 Pascal system [1] on any 16-bit mini-computer in less than two man months, given an implementor already familiar with the target machine.
Requirements Engineering: The State of the Practice
Authors: Colin J. Neill, Phillip A. Laplante
Venue: IEEE Software (2003)

Little contemporary data exists on the actual practices of software professionals for software requirements elicitation, requirements specification document development, and specification validation. The authors conducted an exploratory survey of several hundred software and systems practitioners and obtained results from 194 respondents. This article reports quantitative results for the purposes of further interpretation and comparison with other available data.