ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Stubbing: a practical approach to teaching coding
Authors: Sandra Gorka, Reza Kamali, Jacob R. Miller, John W. Miller
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

The Pennsylvania College of Technology offers two Information Technology curricula. Both curricula have a core consisting of a formal problem solving course, two semesters of programming and a course in data structures. Having had a formal introduction to problem solving and algorithms, students enter programming already predisposed to designing program solutions using structured modular design. The next step is to implement the structured algorithm in code.We present here an approach that allows students to implement an algorithm while remaining focused on the structure and design of the solution. The process necessarily introduces functions at the beginning and keeps the focus on the functions and their relationships to one another. This is a significant departure from the traditional paradigm of teaching syntax in the beginning and presenting functions and modular design late in the first semester. This also eliminates the necessity of having to "retrain" students to think in terms of functions and modules after half a semester of writing non-structured code. With this new paradigm, our experience has been that students ultimately become better designers, better coders and more self-sufficient than we have historically experienced.
Capabilities as Real Options
Authors: Bruce Kogut, Nalin Kulatilaka
Venue: Organization Science (2001)

Strategy research consists of a balance between positive and normative theory. Normative theories suggest particular heuristics, or cognitive representations, to find appropriate solutions. Heuristics permit faster solutions to real-time problems; they also suffer from the potential of negative transfer to inappropriate applications.The theory of real options provides the appropriate heuristic framing of competencies and exploratory search. A real options approach marries the theory of financial options to foundational ideas in strategy, organizational theory, and complex systems. We join these approaches to identify three pairs of concepts: scarce factor and the underlying asset in option theory, inertia and irreversibility, and the ruggedness of landscape and option values. Strategic theories of resources largely define a core competence as unique and nonimmutable. In doing so, this definition has wrongly forgotten Barney's initial insight into scarce factor markets as determining the valuation of a competitive asset. Financial theory of real options derives its heuristics of investing in exploratory search by inferring future value of today's investments from market prices.We apply the three conceptual pairs to the evaluation of capabilities as real options through a formal descriptive model. The valuation of core capabilities is derived from observing the price dynamics of correlated strategic factors in the market. Because of inertia, managers cannot easily adjust the wrong set of organizational capabilities to the emergence of market opportunities. However, firms that have made investments in capabilities appropriate to these opportunities are able to respond. From this description, we define core competence as the choice of capabilities that permits the firm to make the best response to market opportunities. The heuristic framing of capabilities as real options guides the normative evaluation of the balance between exploitation and exploration.
Views from the field on mentoring and roles of effective networks for minority IT doctoral students
Authors: Fay Cobb Payton, Sharon D. White
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 SIGMIS conference on Computer personnel research: Freedom in Philadelphia--leveraging differences and diversity in the IT workforce (2003)

With the changing demographics of the American workforce, the National Science Foundation along with the U.S. Department of Commerce have highlighted the shortage of minorities in IT careers (<u>http://www.ta.doc.gov/Reports/itsw/itsw.pdf</u>). Meeting the IT skill challenge is critical and will require a multifaceted approach. One approach to this challenge is the development of mentoring networks, and a large body of knowledge has offered contributions to understanding the importance of mentoring throughout one's career. Mentoring among minorities in corporate domains has proven to be both challenging and effective for professional development and career success. Using data from a five-year period and a learning process diversity competency model as defined by Cox and Beale (1997), we discuss lessons learned from mentoring a group of under-represented Information Systems (IS) doctoral students who are members of a pipeline that will increase the number of IT professionals in business schools and in the American workforce, in general. While our lessons speak to more diversity awareness and the need for more mentors of color as well as those in the majority to enhance professional development, and in turn career success for minorities, we also speak of the challenges and rewards associated with providing mentorship during our "untenured" years in the academy.
The power of epidemics: robust communication for large-scale distributed systems
Authors: Werner Vogels, Robbert van Renesse, Ken Birman
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2003)

Building very large computing systems is extremely challenging, given the lack of robust scalable communication technologies. This threatens a new generation of mission-critical but very large computing systems. Fortunately, a new generation of "gossip-based" or epidemic communication primitives can overcome a number of these scalability problems, offering robustness and reliability even in the most demanding settings. Epidemic protocols emulate the spread of an infection in a crowded population, and are both reliable and stable under forms of stress that will disable most traditional protocols. This paper describes some of the common problems that arise in scalable group communication systems and how epidemic techniques have been used to successfully address these problems.
Intelligent system modelling and simulation using hybrid recurrent networks
Authors: D. Al-Dabass, D. Evans, S. Sivayoganathan
Venue: Second international workshop on Intelligent systems design and application (2002)

Numerous intelligent systems in practice exhibit complex behaviour that cannot be easily modelled using simple nets. In this paper we re-cast this problem in terms of hybrid recurrent nets, which consist of combinations of static nodes, either logical or arithmetic, and recurrent nodes. The behaviour of a typical recurrent node is modelled as a second order dynamical system. The causal parameters of such a recurrent node may themselves exhibit temporal tendencies that can be modelled in terms of further recurrent nodes. Layers of recurrent nodes are added until a complete account of the behaviour of the system has been achieved. Algorithms are given to abduct the values of the parameters of these models from behaviour trajectories of intelligent systems. One novel aspect of the work lies in having a simple hierarchical 6th order linear model to represent a fairly complicated behaviour encountered in numerous real examples in finance, biology and engineering.
On the stability of double homoclinic and heteroclinic cycles
Authors: Maoan Han, Shouchuan Hu, Xingbo Liu
Venue: Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods Applications (2003)

In this paper we give a criterion for the stability of planar double homoclinic and heteroclinic cycles with one or two saddles in some degenerate case.
A fully implicit finite-difference scheme for two-dimensional Burgers' equations
Authors: A. Refik Bahadir
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2003)

The two-dimensional Burgers' equations are discretized in fully implicit finite-difference form. This scheme leads to a system of nonlinear difference equations to be solved at each time-step. Newton's method is used to solve this nonlinear system. The linear system is solved by a direct method at each iteration of Newton's method. The accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme is examined by comparison with other analytical and numerical results. The present method performs well.
KRAK: knowledge-based resource advising kit
Authors: Ashish Bansal, Kyle Cline, Kassie Rangel, Ryan Zunke
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2003)

For most university students, deciding what courses to take every year is not an easy task. One of the most difficult tasks that many university students and advisors face every semester is the process of student advising. From a student's perspective, the task of deciding what courses to take and when to take them is a process that is both tedious and time consuming. Duties such as designing a degree plan and creating a schedule each semester is a long and complex process that requires an understanding of all the policies and regulations within a university. As the education process evolves, it becomes more complex in its structure. With the increase in special rules, exceptions, and prerequisites used in universities today, it is no wonder why more universities are investing in software that centralizes and simplifies the enrollment and advising processes for its attending students. With the design and implementation of these systems, a student can now find answers to many of their questions when trying to enroll. Thus the KRAK Virtual Advisor was born. This system is designed to help with the advising process. The KRAK Virtual Advisor is a web-based support system to be used by both students and advisors. Its function is to assist its users in the various advising tasks that occur during the registration and degree planning processes. Virtual Advisor provides an interactive site in which users are able to gather and organize information collected throughout a student's college career. Students who interact with the system have the ability to design their college path as they see fit, while advisors are given the opportunity to play a more vital role as a mentor to students rather than being bogged down with endless loads of paperwork. Its main features include: Degree Planning, Semester Scheduling, and the retrieval of general course, faculty, and university information. It uses a combination of HTML, VB scripts, and JAVA applets to create an interactive platform. The three main modules implemented with the Virtual Advisor are the Preliminary Analysis Module, the University Retrieval Module, and the Administrative Specification Module. Each module is structured using two different coding approaches and organization perspectives.
Spicer Off-Highway Products Division--Brugge Improves its Lead-Time and Scheduling Performance
Authors: Nico J. Vandaele, Marc R. Lambrecht, Nicolas De Schuyter, Rony Cremmery
Venue: Interfaces (2000)

Spicer Off-Highway Products Division (a division of Dana Corporation) asked us to develop OR tools to improve the due date performance and to shorten the manufacturing lead time of its powershift transmission plant in Brugge, Belgium. We modeled the manufacturing system as a queueing model and used the model to analyze and evaluate improvement schemes (layout changes, product-mix decisions, lot-sizing decisions, and lead-time estimations). Next, we developed a finite scheduler to improve the detailed scheduling of the shop. Our modeling effort contributed to the successful combination of analysis, planning, and detailed scheduling. The plant increased productivity by 27.3 percentage points, decreased manufacturing lead times by a factor of two to three, increased its workforce by 41 percent, and decreased its operating costs. The division is now profitable.
Self-citation and self-reference: credibility and promotion in academic publication
Authors: Ken Hyland
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2003)

Author self-citation has long been of interest to those working in informetrics for what it reveals about the publishing behavior of individuals and their relationships within academic networks. While this research has produced interesting insights, it typically assumes either that self-citation is a neutral form of reporting not unlike references to others' work or an unsavory kind of academic egotism. By examining self-citation in a wider context of self-mention, however, the phenomenon can be seen as part of a more comprehensive rhetorical strategy for emphasizing a writer's personal contribution to a piece of research and strengthening his or her knowledge claims, research credibility, and wider standing in the discipline. These meanings are not easily revealed through quantitative bibliometric methods and require careful text analyses and discourse-based interviews with academics. In this paper I explore the use of self-citation and authorial mention in a corpus of 240 research articles and 800 abstracts in eight disciplines. Through an analysis of these texts and interviews with expert informants I show how self-mention is used and the ways these uses reflect both the promotional strategies of individuals and the epistemological practices of their disciplines.
The Michelson-Morley Experiment: A Case Study in Validation
Authors: D. E. Stevenson
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2002)

The author uses the Michelson-Morley experiment as a case study in validation based on current knowledge. He uses standard mathematical concepts of error analysis to develop measures of merit. In order to fully understand the case study, he reviews philosophical concepts, focusing on scientific confirmation to understand which formal logical concepts can be used. He then proposes a logical foundation for scientific validation and give two research directions.
BRAINS: A BIST Compiler for Embedded Memories
Authors: Chuang Cheng, Chih-Tsun Huang, Jing-Reng Huang, Cheng-Wen Wu, Chen-Jong Wey, Ming-Chang Tsai
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2000)

A built-in self-test (BIST) compiler for embedded memories, called BRAINS (Bist for RAm IN Seconds), is proposed. According to the memory specifications and test requirements entered by the user, BRAINS generates the synthesizable BIST code in Verilog as well as the corresponding BIST activation sequence and test-bench. The synthesis scripts for a commercial synthesis tool also are generated automatically. The architecture for the BIST circuits generated by BRAINS is an improved version of our previous design. The new design provides at-speed testing, diagnosis support, and programmable March test algorithms. The BIST compiler framework facilitates the generation of BIST circuits for various SRAM and DRAM architectures and configurations-BRAINS supports commonly used memory cores such as SRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, etc. It is easy to use BRAINS for customized embedded memories. We have designed the system so that future extension to other types of memory can be done under the same framework.
Environmental impact assessment of the underground railway in Bilbao (Spain)
Authors: G. Ibarra-Berastegi, A. Elías, I. Madariaga, E. Agirre, J. Uria
Venue: Development and application of computer techniques to environmental studies (2002)

Bilbao is a city with a population of half a million people located in North-Central Spain. In the month of December of 1995 in Bilbao an underground railway was inaugurated. In our paper, the effects that this metro has had in the traffic and also air pollution of Bilbao City are shown.In Bilbao, as many other cities in the world, pollution due to photochemical smog and carbon monoxide are mainly due to traffic while SO2 levels are not originated by traffic. In this work, traffic congestion and air pollution levels in Bilbao have been analysed jointly for the 1993-1998. For that purpose, data from the air pollution and meteorological network existing in Bilbao have been used. Also, data from the traffic network in the area. The analysed pollutants have been ozone, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. In the case of ozone, meteorological effects have been removed from the original time series using the KZ filter.The results show that the new metro was at first, (year 1996) responsible for a reduction of traffic and air pollution. However, 1-2 years later traffic and air pollution recovered the increasing trend they showed since year 1993. The reason is that to obtain permanent reductions of traffic congestion and air pollution, apart from the metro, complementary measures should be adopted to discourage the use of vehicles in Bilbao.
Finding objects in "strata drawer"
Authors: Itiro Siio, Jim Rowan, Elizabeth Mynatt
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

Looking for a document in a stack of papers is a difficult job. If the "strata" of the drawer contents is known, then locating will be much easier. Strata Drawer is a camera-enhanced cabinet used for storage. This cabinet has a single, deep drawer equipped with a camera, a depth-sensor and a computer. When a user places an object in the drawer and closes it, a photograph is automatically taken, and the height of the contents is measured by a laser beam. A user can browse pictures of strata in the drawer's contents, with timestamps and height information.
All isomorphic distinct cases for multi-component interfaces in a block
Authors: Lei Li, James Glimm, Xiaolin Li
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

In this paper, we describe an algorithm to find all isomorphic distinct cases for multi-component interfaces in a block. All case numbers for one to eight colors have been shown. These results are fitting all other known conclusions.
Decycling numbers of random regular graphs
Authors: Sheng Bau, Nicholas C. Wormald, Sanming Zhou
Venue: Random Structures Algorithms (2002)

The decycling number φ(G) of a graph G is the smallest number of vertices which can be removed from G so that the resultant graph contains no cycles. In this paper, we study the decycling numbers of random regular graphs. For a random cubic graph G of order n, we prove that φ(G) = ⌈n/4 + 1/2⌉ holds asymptotically almost surely. This is the result of executing a greedy algorithm for decycling G making use of a randomly chosen Hamilton cycle. For a general random d-regular graph G of order n, where d ≥ 4, we prove that φ(G)/n can be bounded below and above asymptotically almost surely by certain constants b(d) and B(d), depending solely on d, which are determined by solving, respectively, an algebraic equation and a system of differential equations.
Reengineering the Dutch Flower Auctions: a Framework for Analyzing Exchange Organizations
Authors: Ajit Kambil, Eric Van Heck
Venue: Information Systems Research (1998)

This paper specifies a generalizable model of exchange processes and develops a processs takeholder analysis framework to evaluate alternative market designs. This framework is applied to analyze a number of information technology initiatives in the Dutch flower markets. The Dutch flower auctions are the world's leading centers for trading cut flowers and potted plants. We undertake a cross-case analysis and apply our framework to analyse successes and failures in the introduction of new IT-based trading mechanisms in these markets. Based on our study, we develop a number of testable propositions on: the separation of physical and informational processes in trading, the responses of stakeholders to changes in available information due to IT initiatives, and economic and incentive conditions required for adoption of new trading processes. Finally, our detailed cases illustrate the institutional and incentive constraints, and complexities encountered in the introduction of new electronic markets.
ROBOT interpreter
Authors: Martin C. Carlisle, Keith Shomper
Venue: Journal on Educational Resources in Computing (JERIC) (2002)

The ROBOT Interpreter is an environment for running programs for the ROBOT computer. It is intended to be a companion teaching device. The ROBOT computer is a simple demonstration of the fetch/execute cycle useful for an introductory or computer literacy course. The ROBOT has simple movement and sensing commands (and a go to command to implement looping), which are stored in its thirty-two 8-bit memory locations.The ROBOT's environment (called a scene) is a square room from 1x1 to 11x11, possibly containing doors. The ROBOT initially begins somewhere inside the room facing in any direction. The interpreter allows for ROBOT programs and scenes to be loaded and saved.ROBOT Interpreter is freely distributed by the Department of Computer Science at the United States Air Force Academy as a service to the CS education community.
Research Report: The Evolving Relationship Between General and Specific Computer Self-Efficacy--An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Ritu Agarwal, V. Sambamurthy, Ralph M. Stair
Venue: Information Systems Research (2000)

The concept of computer self-efficacy (CSE) recently has been proposed as important to the study of individual behavior toward information technology. This paper extends current understanding about the concept of self-efficacy in the context of computer software. We describe how two broad types of computer self-efficacy beliefs, general self-efficacy and task-specific self-efficacy, are constructed across different computing tasks by suggesting that initial general CSE beliefs will strongly predict subsequentspecific CSE beliefs. The theorized causal relationships illustrate the malleability and development of CSE beliefs over time, within a training environment where individuals are progressively provided with greater opportunity for hands-on experience and practice with different software. Consistent with the findings of prior research, judgments of self-efficacy then serve as key antecedents of the perceived cognitive effort (ease of use) associated with technology usage. Further, we theorize that self-efficacy judgments in the task domain of computing are strongly influenced by the extent to which individuals believe that they are personally innovative with respect to information technology. Panel data were collected using a longitudinal research design within a training context where 186 subjects were taught two software packages in a sequential manner over a 14-week period. The emergent patterns of the hypothesized relationships are examined using structural equation modeling techniques. Results largely support the relationships posited.
Program assessment: it's not just for accreditation
Authors: John Beidler, Dennis Martin, Patricia Joseph, Dorothy Deremer, William Mitchell
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

Assessment is becoming a major issue in higher education. Many accrediting agencies are paying closer attention to this issue. However, should assessment be a part of the on-going processes of all departments, regardless of the issues of accreditation? This panel addresses assessment from a variety of perspectives, starting with the establishment of assessment criterion from the college or university's goals and objectives and how the department may interpret them.Included in the topics presented by this panel are the issues of faculty and administrative attitudes about assessment and how they impact the assessment process. Several examples of assessment tools will also be presented.