ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Viswanath Venkatesh
Venue: Information Systems Research (2000)

Much previous research has established that perceived ease of use is an important factor influencing user acceptance and usage behavior of information technologies. However, very little research has been conducted to understand how that perception forms and changes over time. The current work presents and tests an anchoring and adjustment-based theoretical model of the determinants of system-specific perceived ease of use. The model proposes control (internal and external--conceptualized as computer self-efficacy and facilitating conditions, respectively), intrinsic motivation (conceptualized as computer playfulness), and emotion (conceptualized as computer anxiety) as anchors that determine early perceptions about the ease of use of a new system. With increasing experience, it is expected that system-specific perceived ease of use, while still anchored to the general beliefs regarding computers and computer use, will adjust to reflect objective usability, perceptions of external control specific to the new system environment, and system-specific perceived enjoyment. The proposed model was tested in three different organizations among 246 employees using three measurements taken over a three-month period. The proposed model was strongly supported at all points of measurement, and explained up to 60% of the variance in system-specific perceived ease of use, which is twice as much as our current understanding. Important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Bitonic Sorting on Bene Networks
Authors: Beverly Gocal
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Parallel Processing Symposium (1996)

An algorithm derived from bitonic sorting networks and appropriate routings are presented which will sort a set of &N inputs via a Benes network. An expanded version of Knuth diagrams is also presented which illustrates the &address line logic within the network.
Book Reviews
Authors: Benjamin Lev, Dave Withers, Antanas Zilinskas, Robert B. Cooper
Venue: Interfaces (2001)

The range of books reviewed is wide, covering theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems (no software is reviewed). In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. Publishers who wish to have their books reviewed should send them to Professor Benjamin Lev. We list the books received; not all books received can be reviewed because space and time are limited. Those who would like to review books are urged to send me their names, addresses, and specific areas of expertise. We commission all reviews and do not accept unsolicited book reviews. Readers are encouraged to suggest books that might be reviewed or to ask publishers to send me copies of such books.
A Model-Based Approach for Planning and Developing a Family of Technology-Based Products
Authors: V. Krishnan, Rahul Singh, Devanath Tirupati
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (1999)

In this paper, we address the product-family design problem of a firm in a market in which customers choose products based on some measure of product performance. By developing products as a family, the firm can reduce the cost of developing individual product variants due to the reuse of a common product platform. Such a platform, designed in an aggregate-planning phase that precedes the development of individual product variants, is itself expensive to develop. Hence, its costs must be weighted against the benefits of its reuse in a family. We offer a model for capturing costs of product development when the family consists of variants based on a common platform. It is shown that the model can be converted into a network-optimization problem, and the optimal product-family can be identified under fairly general conditions by determining the shortest path of its network formulation. We also analytically examine the effect of alternative product designs on product-family composition, and discuss the implications of investing in new-product technology. Finally, we illustrate our model and managerial insights with an application from the electronics industry.
Information seeking and mediated searching. Part 5. User-intermediary interaction
Authors: David Ellis, T. D. Wilson, Nigel Ford, Allen Foster, H. M. Lam, R. Burton, Amanda Spink
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2002)

This article is the fifth in a series of articles from our study examining information-seeking behavior in relation to information-retrieval (IR) interaction. This article focuses on the examination of the interaction variables within Saracevic's (1989) triadic IR model. The analysis involved an examination of the information-searching behavior of academic researchers during a mediated interaction with an IR system, particularly concentrating on the interaction between the information seeker, the search intermediary, and the IR system. To explore the variables during mediated search interaction, two small-scale studies of mediated on-line searching were conducted at the University of Sheffield. The studies involved mainly qualitative data analysis of interview transcripts and on-line search results, together with quantitative data analysis of questionnaire results. The studies specifically investigated: (1) aspects of the mediated search process, (2) relevant information sources, and (3) interaction measures derived from search logs and tape transcripts, and related interaction measures. Findings include: (1) a number of different types of interactions were identified, (2) the presearching interactions between information seeker and intermediary aided the information seeker to identify their idea and problem, and (3) most information seekers in this study were at the problem definition stage or problem resolution stage following the search process. From this research, it is clear that the interaction did affect the search process. The intermediary helped the users to identify their search terms more clearly and focus on the references obtained. In most cases, the users and intermediary considered the communication process very effective, and the interactions that took place during the on-line search were found to affect the users' perceptions of the problem, personal knowledge, and relevance judgments. The interaction process aided the users to obtain very useful results with help from the intermediary. In general, the users gave a positive evaluation of the retrieved answers in terms of focus, completeness, novelty, and degree of nonrelevancy.
Cluster validation techniques for genome expression data
Authors: N. Bolshakova, F. Azuaje
Venue: Signal Processing (2003)

Several clustering algorithms have been suggested to analyse genome expression data, but fewer solutions have been implemented to guide the design of clustering-based experiments and assess the quality of their outcomes. A cluster validity framework provides insights into the problem of predicting the correct the number of clusters. This paper presents several validation techniques for gene expression data analysis. Normalisation and validity aggregation strategies are proposed to improve the prediction about the number of relevant clusters. The results obtained indicate that this systematic evaluation approach may significantly support genome expression analyses for knowledge discovery applications.
The Impact of Information Technology Investments on Firm Performance and Evaluation: Evidence From Newly Industrialized Economies
Authors: Emre Berk, Kamran Moinzadeh, Kar Yan Tam
Venue: Information Systems Research (1998)

The impact of information technology (IT)investments on firm performance has been the subject of active research in recent years. However, findings of almost all studies are based on data collected in the United States. Little work has been done elsewhere to validate these results and to see if they are applicable across national boundaries. In this study, we fill this gap by comparing four newly-industrialized economies (NIEs) with regard to the impact of IT capital on business performance. Secondary data collected from various sources are used to assess the impact over the period from 1983 to 1991. Findings based on four business measures and a market valuation model based on Tobin's q are reported. While the current results are consistent with work done in the United States in general, discrepancies among the four NIEs are observed. Combined with findings from previous work, three pieces of evidence seem to emerge that are generally observed across country boundaries. First, IT investment is not correlated with shareholder's return. Second, there is little evidence that the level of computerization is valued by the market in developed and newly-developed countries. Third, there is no consistent measurement of IT investment as indicated by the mixed results across different performance ratios. Modeling and measurement concerns expressed in previous U.S.-based studies are also observed in our comparative study. Our findings provide a starting point to accumulate a body of comparative studies for the development of a theory that links IT investment, firm performance, and macro factors such as national technology policy in an integrated framework.
Access protocols for optical burst-switched ring networks
Authors: Lisong Xu, Harry G. Perros, George N. Rouskas
Venue: Information Sciences&mdash;Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal (2003)

In this paper, we consider a WDM metro ring architecture with optical burst switching. Several access protocols are proposed and their performance is analyzed by simulation.
A Note on the Optimal Positioning of Service Units
Authors: E. Carrizosa, M. Munoz-Marquez, J. Puerto
Venue: Operations Research (1998)

In this paper we address the problem of locating p mobile service units in an n-dimensional space minimizing the expected response time. It is shown that an optimal solution to the problem is a degenerate distribution for the service, concluding that it is optimal to park the p units. This extends previous results in the literature for location on a segment.
Clustering DTDs: an interactive two-level approach
Authors: Aoying Zhou, Weining Qian, Hailei Qian, Long Zhang, Yuqi Liang, Wen Jin
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2002)

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a standard which is widely applied in data representation and data exchange. However, as an important concept of XML, DTD (Document Type Definition) is not taken full advantage in current applications. In this paper, a new method for clustering DTDs is presented, and it can be used in XML document clustering. The two-level method clusters the elements in DTDs and clusters DTDs separately. Element clustering forms the first level and provides dement clusters, which are the generalization of relevant elements. DTD clustering utilizes the generalized information and forms the second level in the whole clustering process. The two-level method has the following advantages: 1) It takes into consideration both the content and the structure within DTDs; 2) The generalized information about elements is more useful than the separated words in the vector model; 3) The two-level method facilitates the searching of outliers. The experiments show that this method is able to categorize the relevant DTDs effectively.
Practical assessment of the models for identification of defect-prone classes in object-oriented commercial systems using design metrics
Authors: Giancarlo Succi, Witold Pedrycz, Milorad Stefanovic, James Miller
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2003)

The goal of this paper is to investigate and assess the ability of explanatory models based on design metrics to describe and predict defect counts in an object-oriented software system. Specifically, we empirically evaluate the influence of design decisions to defect behavior of the classes in two products from the commercial software domain. Information provided by these models can help in resource allocation and serve as a base for assessment and future improvements.We use innovative statistical methods to deal with the peculiarities of the software engineering data, such as non-normally distributed count data. To deal with overdispersed data and excess of zeroes in the dependent variable, we use negative binomial (NB) and zero-inflated NB regression in addition to Poisson regression.Furthermore, we form a framework for comparison of models' descriptive and predictive ability. Predictive capability of the models to identify most critical classes in the system early in the software development process can help in allocation of resources and foster software quality improvement. In addition to the correlation coefficients, we use additional statistics to assess a models' ability to explain high variability in the data and Pareto analysis to assess a models' ability to identify the most critical classes in the system.Results indicate that design aspects related to communication between classes and inheritance can be used as indicators of the most defect-prone classes, which require the majority of resources in development and testing phases. The zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, designed to explicitly model the occurrence of zero counts in the dataset, provides the best results for this purpose.
Affective encoding in the speech signal and in event-related brain potentials
Authors: Kai Alter, Erhard Rank, Sonja A. Kotz, Ulrike Toepel, Mireille Besson, Annett Schirmer, Angela D. Friederici
Venue: Speech Communication (2003)

A number of perceptual features have been utilized for the characterization of the emotional state of a speaker. However, for automatic recognition suitable objective features are needed. We have examined several features of the speech signal in relation to accentuation and traces of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during affective speech perception. Concerning the features of the speech signal we focus on measures related to breathiness and roughness. The objective measures used were an estimation of the harmonics-to-noise ratio, the glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, a measure for spectral flatness, as well as the maximum prediction gain for a speech production model computed by the mutual information function and the ERPs. Results indicate that in particular the maximum prediction gain shows a good differentiation between neutral and non-neutral emotional speaker state. This differentiation is partly comparable to the ERP results that show a differentiation of neutral, positive and negative affect. Other objective measures are more related to accentuation than to emotional state of the speaker.
How Organizational Resources Affect Strategic Change and Performance in Turbulent Environments: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Matthew S. Kraatz, Edward J. Zajac
Venue: Organization Science (2001)

This study examines how historical resource endowments and competencies affect strategic change and its outcomes amid environmental turbulence. Drawing from both behavioral and economics-based literatures, we develop four distinct perspectives regarding the likely effect of resources on strategic change. These four perspectives offer alternative predictions about how and why resource endowments should affect the likelihood or magnitude of strategic change, and how and why they should moderate the relation between strategic change and performance. We examine the predictive power of these four alternative arguments using extensive longitudinal data from a single industry context characterized both by substantial resource heterogeneity and environmental turbulence. Results indicate that organizations possessing greater stocks of historically valuable resources were much less likely to engage in adaptive strategic change, but also that this resource-driven disinclination towards change tended to have a benign or even beneficial effect on performance. We discuss the implications of our theory and findings for the strategic change literature and also for the literature on the resource-based view of the firm.
Effects of content representation and readers' prior knowledge on the comprehension of hypertext
Authors: Hervé Potelle, Jean-François Rouet
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2003)

This study investigated the role of various types of content representation devices on the comprehension of an expository hypertext. We hypothesized that hierarchical representations, but not network representations, may help low prior knowledge students organize their representation of the text contents. Forty-seven students with low or high prior knowledge in Social Psychology were asked to read a hypertext using one of three content representations: a hierarchical map, a network map and an alphabetic list. Then, the participants performed a multiple choice comprehension task, a summary task and a concept map drawing task. The hierarchical map improved comprehension for the low knowledge participants at the global, but not at the local level. There was no effect of content representation on the comprehension of high prior knowledge students. We discuss the implications of these results for a theory of the comprehension processes involved in reading hypertext.
Text Mining Techniques to Automatically Enrich a Domain Ontology
Authors: Michele Missikoff, Paola Velardi, Paolo Fabriani
Venue: Applied Intelligence (2003)

Though the utility of domain ontologies is now widely acknowledged in the IT (Information Technology) community, several barriers must be overcome before ontologies become practical and useful tools. A critical issue is the ontology construction, i.e., the task of identifying, defining, and entering the concept definitions. In case of large and complex application domains this task can be lengthy, costly, and controversial (since different persons may have different points of view about the same concept). To reduce time, cost (and, sometimes, harsh discussions) it is highly advisable to refer, in constructing or updating an ontology, to the documents available in the field. Text mining tools may be of great help in this task. The work presented in this paper illustrates the guidelines of SymOntos, ontology management system, and the text mining approach adopted herein to support ontology building. The latter operates by extracting, from the related literature, the prominent domain concepts and the semantic relations among them.
Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Venue: EGVE; Vol. 39 (2003)

This book contains the proceedings of the joint 7th International Immersive Projection Technologies Workshop and the 9th EUROGRAPHICS Virtual Environments Workshop (IPT-EGVE). The event was held in Zurich, Switzerland from May 22nd to May 23rd, 2003. It was organized at the ETH Zurich by EUROGRAPHICS together with the Fraunhofer IAO and in co-operation with ACM SIGGRAPH.The workshop brought together scientists, developers and users from around the world. The latest scientific advances in the field of Immersive Projection Technologies and Virtual Environments were presented and discussed.There were 75 papers submitted for reviewing and 34 were presented at the workshop. Due to the high quality of the submissions, 10 additional contributions were presented as posters with an abstract, also contained in these proceedings. The presentations of the latest research results were complemented by an invited paper from Mark Mine and a keynote talk from Markus Gross, both key researchers in the area of Virtual Environments. IPT-EGVE was organized in four streams: Interfaces and Interaction, Applications, Software and Technology.
Approximation models of feed-forward G/G/1/N queueing networks with correlated arrivals
Authors: K. Mitchell, A. van de Liefvoort
Venue: Performance Evaluation (2003)

In this paper we develop approximation models for feed-forward networks of G/G/1/N queues. We use Linear Algebra Queueing Theory (LAQT) techniques to create reduced state space representations for the queue departure processes. Reduced state space departure processes are presented where the first three moments and the correlation decay are mapped to a two state process. A three state process is also presented matching the first five moments and the first three lag autocorrelations. Numerical examples of end-to-end performance for high-speed communications networks with correlated arrival traffic are presented. The results are compared with simulation models and other approximation methods.
Avoiding the order reduction of Runge-Kutta methods for linear initial boundary value problems
Authors: M. P. Calvo, C. Palencia
Venue: Mathematics of Computation (2002)

A new strategy to avoid the order reduction of Runge-Kutta methods when integrating linear, autonomous, nonhomogeneous initial boundary value problems is presented. The solution is decomposed into two parts. One of them can be computed directly in terms of the data and the other satisfies an initial value problem without any order reduction. A numerical illustration is given. This idea applies to practical problems, where spatial discretization is also required, leading to the full order both in space and time.
On the long-time behaviour of soliton ensembles
Authors: A. Salupere, J. Engelbrecht, P. Peterson
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

The paper is focused on the details of the emergence of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) solitons from an initial harmonic excitation. Although the problem is a classical one, numerical simulations over a large range of dispersion parameters in the long run have demonstrated new features: the existence of soliton ensembles including also virtual (hidden) solitons and the periodic patterns of the wave-profile maxima.
Analysis of the HDAF for interpolation and noise suppression in volume rendering
Authors: Kristoffer Andersson, Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, Manos Papadakis, Donald J. Kouri, David K. Hoffman
Venue: Proceedings of the symposium on Data visualisation 2003 (2003)

In this paper, we evaluate the HDAF (Hermite Distributed Approximating Functionals) family of interpolation and derivative functions, with respect to their accuracy for reliable volume rendering, and compare them with other interpolation and derivative estimation filters. We utilize several different evaluation methods, both analytical and experimental. The former includes the order of decay of the global error, the local spatial error, and the behavior of the filters in the frequency domain. In the experimental part, visualizations of both synthetic and medical data are produced and studied. We show that the HDAFs exhibit superior behavior if the volumetric data are distorted by high frequency noise, and perform well under noise free conditions. This due to their ability to adjust the range of recovered frequencies.
Conversation thumbnails for large-scale discussions
Authors: Martin Wattenberg, David Millen
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

We present a new interface for large-scale online conversations. Our technique, the Conversation Thumbnail, differs from existing discussion interfaces in two respects. First, it employs a focus+context visualization technique that exploits message-level metadata to provide an easily navigable overview of a discussion. Second, it helps reduce conversational redundancy and improve coherence via a fast automatic search mechanism that highlights related messages during message composition. The Conversation Thumbnail Viewer is currently implemented as a Java applet that can be applied to a variety of discussion data sources.