ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Variation-aware multimetric optimization during gate sizing
Authors: Nagarajan Ranganathan, Upavan Gupta, Venkataraman Mahalingam
Venue: ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES) (2009)

The aggressive scaling of technology has not only accentuated the effects of intradie parametric variations in devices, but it has also impacted the effects of optimizing a certain performance metric on the optimality of other metrics. Thus, there is a need for optimization methods that can perform the simultaneous optimization of multiple metrics considering the effects of process variations. In this article, a novel variation-aware gate sizing framework has been developed that can perform simultaneous optimization of multiple performance metrics. In this framework, the relationships between the optimization metrics (like dynamic power, leakage power, and crosstalk noise) are modeled as a function of the gate sizes in the objective function. The delay values obtained from unconstrained delay optimization and the noise margins derived from coupling capacitance information form the constraints for the multimetric optimization problem. As an abstract framework, it is independent of the type of mathematical programming approach as well as the metrics chosen to be optimized. The framework has been implemented using a mathematical programming approach and has been tested on ITC'99 benchmarks for different combinations of multimetric and single-metric optimizations of delay, dynamic power, leakage power, and crosstalk noise. The results indicate that the framework identifies good solution points, and is efficient for postlayout optimization via gate sizing.
Human-Centric Information Processing Through Granular Modelling, 1st edition
Authors: Andrzej Bargiela, Andrzej Bargiela, Witold Pedrycz
Venue:  (2009)

The idea of Human-Centric Information Processing was prompted by the pioneering work of Zadeh Towards a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic (1997). Since the publication of this work, a large number of researchers have focused on identifying the nature of information granulation and its specific relationship to human information processing. We now begin to witness the rich and manifold results of this concentrated research effort of the last decade. This volume is intended to document the milestone contributions to human-centric information processing research and to demonstrate the emerging computational methods and the processing environments that arose from these research insights. The chapters, written by experts in the field, cover the fundamental methodologies, the new information processing paradigm, functional architectures of granular information processing and granular modeling applications. The book provides a valuable reference for researchers, graduate students intending to focus on particular aspects of human-centric information processing from a broadly informed perspective and for practitioners to whom the breadth of coverage of topics will help inspire innovative applications.
Simulating norm formation: an operational approach
Authors: Ulf Lotzmann, Michael Möhring
Venue: Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2 (2009)

This paper gives an outline of the design of an agent model for simulating norm formation processes. The model is based on a scientific theory of norm innovation, provided by the FP6 project EMIL (EMergence In the Loop: Simulating the two-way dynamics of norm innovation).
The CBEM--BEM coupling for elliptic problems
Authors: Youngmok Jeon, Francisco-Javier Sayas
Venue: Applied Numerical Mathematics (2009)

We consider a coupling method of the cell boundary element method (CBEM) and the boundary element method (BEM) for an elliptic interface problem. The main advantage of the CBEM is that it conserves flux exactly without needing dual volume generation. The method is fully analyzed and some numerical experiments testing the method and comparing with other couplings are provided.
Geographic information sharing: A regional approach in northern New Jersey, USA
Authors: Francisco Artigas, Dom Elefante, Alex Marti
Venue: Information Polity (2009)

The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission (NJMC) is a regional planning agency in northern New Jersey with jurisdiction over 14 municipalities. This case study describes a five year effort by this agency to serve geographic knowledge to 14 towns in the region by sharing resources and infrastructure through a centralized Geographical Information System (GIS). Serving this information required funding, convincing towns to participate, specialized staff, software licenses and equipment and follow-up with training and updates. The information being served consists of interactive maps available through a Web browser conveying the spatial arrangement of municipal infrastructure, administrative boundaries and fundamental demographics of each town in maps and tables that show proximity, elevations and distances that would otherwise be impractical to describe using words alone. Systems such as these support local governments by delivering information and services to the community in the form of variance notifications, zoning and land use inventories and updates and emergency management information including Right to Know (RTK) records that inform first responders about hazardous materials stored in industrial facilities. The study details how towns were brought in to share resources and participate in a multi-user GIS, how data was organized around the needs of users, the different implementation phases, roll out of the applications, training, maintenance and finally, how the system was adopted and is currently used.
Top-Down Control of Learning in Biological Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Thomas Trappenberg, Pitoyo Hartono, Douglas Rasmusson
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Advances in Self-Organizing Maps (2009)

This paper discusses biological aspects of self-organising maps (SOMs) which includes a brief review of neurophysiological findings and classical models of neurophysiological SOMs. We then discuss some simulation studies on the role of topographic map representation for training mapping networks and on top-down control of map plasticity.
Four Contemporary AGI Designs: a Comparative Treatment
Authors: Stan Franklin, Ben Goertzel, Alexei Samsonovich, Pei Wang
Venue: Proceeding of the 2007 conference on Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms: Proceedings of the AGI Workshop 2006 (2007)

During his talk at the 2006 AGI Workshop, Stan Franklin suggested that his LIDA architecture might fruitfully be considered not only as a specific AGI design, but also as a general framework within which to discuss and compare various AGI designs and approaches. With this in mind, following the workshop itself, Ben Goertzel formulated a list of simple questions intended to be pertinent to any AGI software design, mostly based on the conceptual framework presented in Stan Franklin's workshop presentation, with a couple additions and variations. Four individuals (Goertzel, Franklin, Pei Wang and Alexei Samsonovich) took up this offer, and their answers are reported here, without modification. The result is an interesting and novel perspective of a significant slice of contemporary AGI research.
On Teaching Visual Formalisms
Authors: David Harel, Michal Gordon-Kiwkowitz
Venue: IEEE Software (2009)

A graduate course on visual formalisms for reactive systems emphasized using such languages for not only specification and requirements but also (and predominantly) actual execution. The course presented two programming approaches: an intra-object approach using statecharts and an interobject approach using live sequence charts. Using each approach, students built a small system of their choice and then combined the two systems.
Client-centered multimedia content adaptation
Authors: Yong Wei, Suchendra M. Bhandarkar, Kang Li
Venue: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) (2009)

The design and implementation of a client-centered multimedia content adaptation system suitable for a mobile environment comprising of resource-constrained handheld devices or clients is described. The primary contributions of this work are: (1) the overall architecture of the client-centered content adaptation system, (2) a data-driven multi-level Hidden Markov model (HMM)-based approach to perform both video segmentation and video indexing in a single pass, and (3) the formulation and implementation of a Multiple-choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MMKP)-based video personalization strategy. In order to segment and index video data, a video stream is modeled at both the semantic unit level and video program level. These models are learned entirely from training data and no domain-dependent knowledge about the structure of video programs is used. This makes the system capable of handling various kinds of videos without having to manually redefine the program model. The proposed MMKP-based personalization strategy is shown to include more relevant video content in response to the client's request than the existing 0/1 knapsack problem and fractional knapsack problem-based strategies, and is capable of satisfying multiple client-side constraints simultaneously. Experimental results on CNN news videos and Major League Soccer (MLS) videos are presented and analyzed.
Electromechanical characterization of a new micro programmable blazed grating by laser Doppler vibrometry
Authors: Yi-Ting Yu, Wei-Zheng Yuan, Da-Yong Qiao
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2009)

The prototype of a new micro programmable blazed grating driven electrostatically was fabricated using a two-layer polysilicon surface micromachining process. And initially, to characterize its electromechanical performances, such as the driving voltage versus displacement relationship, frequency response and step response, the laser Doppler vibrometry was employed. The measured results reveal the pull-in voltage of 110&#x2013;115&#x00a0;V, resonant frequency of 78&#x00a0;KHz, quality factor of 2.89, adjusting time of 12&#x00a0;&#x03bc;s, and damping ratio of ~0.68 for the achieved grating sample. As a result, the grating functions well electromechanically. As for its optical performances, a number of optical experiments are in progress.
B-Spline Output Feedback Control for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Yih-Guang Leu, Jian-You Lin, Chun-Yao Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks - Part II (2009)

This paper proposes an adaptive B-spline output feedback controller for unknown nonlinear systems with only system output measurement. The controller integrates an error observer and B-spline neural networks into adaptive control design. The error observer is used to estimate the tracking errors through output measurement information, and the B-spline neural networks are utilized to online approximate an unknown control input by adjusting their internal parameters, including control points and knot parameters. In addition, simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed controller.
Authoring of scalable multimedia documents
Authors: Benoît Pellan, Cyril Concolato
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2009)

With the diversity of usage conditions affecting the consumption of multimedia content, the adaptation of dynamic and interactive multimedia presentations is essential. The challenge consists in allowing a multimedia presentation to adapt in all its dimensions: spatially, temporally and interactively, without lessening its attractiveness and still giving the author the control over adapted versions. Additionally, the authoring of adaptable content should not increase the complexity of authoring. To address this challenge, we propose to transpose the concept of scalability to the world of multimedia documents by introducing the so-called Scalable MSTI model. In this paper, we show the properties of this model and how, from an authoring point of view, scalable multimedia documents can be created to address a wide range of usage conditions.
Computational modeling of synchronization process of the circadian timing system of mammals
Authors: Francisco Roberto Gomes Cardoso, Frederico Alan de Oliveira Cruz, D&#x00ed;lson Silva, C&#x00e9;lia Martins Cortez
Venue: Biological Cybernetics (2009)

This paper presents a model for the circadian temporization system of mammals which associates the synchronization dynamics of coupling oscillators to a set of equations able to reproduce the synaptic characteristics of somatodendritic membrane of neurons. The circadian timing system is organized in a way to receive information from the external and internal environments, and its function is the timing organization of physiological and behavioral processes in a circadian pattern. Circadian timing system in mammals is constituted by a group of structures which includes the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the intergeniculate leaflet and the pineal gland. In suprachiasmatic nucleus are found neuron groups working as a biological pacemaker&#x2014;the so-called biological master clock. By means of numerical simulations using the Kuramoto model, we simulated the dynamics behavior of the biological pacemaker. For this we used a set of 1,000 coupled oscillators with long-range coupling, which were distributed on a 10&#x00a0;&#x00d7;&#x00a0;10&#x00a0;&#x00d7;&#x00a0;10 spherical lattice, and a new method to estimate the order parameter, which characterizes the degree of synchronization of oscillator system. Our model has been able to produce frequency responses in accordance with physiological patterns, and to reproduce two fundamental characteristics of biological rhythms: the endogenous generation and synchronization to the light&#x2013;dark cycle.
Lightweight fault-localization using multiple coverage types
Authors: Raul Santelices, James A. Jones, Yanbing Yu, Mary Jean Harrold
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 31st International Conference on Software Engineering (2009)

Lightweight fault-localization techniques use program coverage to isolate the parts of the code that are most suspicious of being faulty. In this paper, we present the results of a study of three types of program coverage—statements, branches, and data dependencies—to compare their effectiveness in localizing faults. The study shows that no single coverage type performs best for all faults—different kinds of faults are best localized by different coverage types. Based on these results, we present a new coverage-based approach to fault localization that leverages the unique qualities of each coverage type by combining them. Because data dependencies are noticeably more expensive to monitor than branches, we also investigate the effects of replacing data-dependence coverage with an approximation inferred from branch coverage. Our empirical results show that (1) the cost of fault localization using combinations of coverage is less than using any individual coverage type and closer to the best case (without knowing in advance which kinds of faults are present), and (2) using inferred data-dependence coverage retains most of the benefits of combinations.
Rock: A High-Performance Sparc CMT Processor
Authors: Shailender Chaudhry, Robert Cypher, Magnus Ekman, Martin Karlsson, Anders Landin, Sherman Yip, Håkan Zeffer, Marc Tremblay
Venue: IEEE Micro (2009)

Rock, Sun's third-generation chip-multithreading processor, contains 16 high-performance cores, each of which can support two software threads. Rock uses a novel checkpoint-based architecture to support automatic hardware scouting under a load miss, speculative out-of-order retirement of instructions, and aggressive dynamic hardware parallelization of a sequential instruction stream. It is also the first processor to support transactional memory in hardware.
Fast gradient-descent methods for temporal-difference learning with linear function approximation
Authors: Richard S. Sutton, Hamid Reza Maei, Doina Precup, Shalabh Bhatnagar, David Silver, Csaba Szepesvári, Eric Wiewiora
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning (2009)

Sutton, Szepesv&aacute;ri and Maei (2009) recently introduced the first temporal-difference learning algorithm compatible with both linear function approximation and off-policy training, and whose complexity scales only linearly in the size of the function approximator. Although their gradient temporal difference (GTD) algorithm converges reliably, it can be very slow compared to conventional linear TD (on on-policy problems where TD is convergent), calling into question its practical utility. In this paper we introduce two new related algorithms with better convergence rates. The first algorithm, GTD2, is derived and proved convergent just as GTD was, but uses a different objective function and converges significantly faster (but still not as fast as conventional TD). The second new algorithm, linear TD with gradient correction, or TDC, uses the same update rule as conventional TD except for an additional term which is initially zero. In our experiments on small test problems and in a Computer Go application with a million features, the learning rate of this algorithm was comparable to that of conventional TD. This algorithm appears to extend linear TD to off-policy learning with no penalty in performance while only doubling computational requirements.
Homogeneous Video Transcoding of H.264/AVC Intra Coded Frames
Authors: Jarosław Marek
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision and Graphics: Revised Papers (2008)

The main goal of transcoding is to change bit rate of video sequence. This can be done by cascaded connection of decoder and encoder, known as Cascaded Pixel Domain Transcoder (CPDT). Decoding and re-encoding video bit stream always gives lower image quality than encoding original sequence. This paper presents a new technique of video transcoding that is able to deliver image quality superior to CPDT and has lower computational complexity. The technique is restricted to homogeneous (within the same bit stream format) transcoding of bit streams encoded according to H.264/AVC(MPEG 4) standard specification. The standard defines different types of encoded frames but proposed technique is designed for I(ntra) type frames only.
Real-world experiences with indoor location based services
Authors: Christian Prehofer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Pervasive services (2009)

This presentation will report on experiences with indoor location based services trialed in a commercial shopping mall in Finland. In this trial, visitors to the shopping mall can explore the services and maps of the shopping mall on mobile devices. Furthermore, they can see and share their indoor position. The services build on indoor maps, local content and local search. The trial has been running over several months and included thousands of users and many content produces from many local shops. Main focus of the trial is on bringing different technologies like wireless LAN based indoor positioning and indoor maps into a real-world setting with commodity device. We discuss the challenges of bringing indoor maps and local content on commodity mobile devices. The services are web-based and are designed to work with a broad variety of devices. We preset the system architecture and discuss different options of client-side and server side rendering of customized indoor maps for orientation in buildings. For indoor maps and positioning, we discuss positioning accuracy and show that improving accuracy does not always lead to better usability for end user.
Automatic Generation of Adaptation Contracts
Authors: José Antonio Martín, Ernesto Pimentel
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

Software development based on the composition of black-box software like Web Services and Software Components is impeded by incompatibilities in their interfaces. Software adaptation has emerged as a solution to these incompatibilities by using processes in-the-middle (called adapters) that allow the correct interaction between the services. There are several approaches that focused on the automated generation of adapters guided by adaptation contracts which specify how the incompatibilities can be resolved. However, the generation of these contracts is not automated and most existing approaches require these contracts to be specified by hand, which obliges the designer to know all the service details. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically generate adaptation contracts from the behavioral description of the services. These contracts overcome incompatibilities at signature and behavioral levels. Finally we present our prototype tool that accepts as input the service behaviors written in abstract BPEL and generates adaptation contracts using a combination of an A* algorithm and an expert system.
Entropy based software processes improvement
Authors: Jos J. Trienekens, Rob Kusters, Dirk Kriek, Paul Siemons
Venue: Software Quality Control (2009)

Actual results of software process improvement projects show different levels of success. Although many software development organisations have adopted improvement models such as CMMI, it appears to be difficult to improve software development processes in the right way, e.g. tuned to the actual needs of the organisation. This paper presents a new approach to determine the direction of improvement for an organisation. This approach is based on an elaboration of the concept of entropy. The approach is empirically validated by carrying out interviews in 11 software development organisations in The Netherlands. The results of the research show that software development organisations can be classified and can be positioned on the basis of their internal and external entropy, c.q. the level of (dis)order in the business system and its environment. Based on a possible out-of-balance situation between the internal and external entropy, directions for software process improvement can be discussed. As such the proposed approach can support the application of current software process improvement methodologies such as the CMMI.
Likelihood Map Fusion for Visual Object Tracking
Authors: Zhaozheng Yin, Fatih Porikli, Robert T. Collins
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (2008)

Visual object tracking can be considered as a figure-ground classification task. In this paper, different features are used to generate a set of likelihood maps for each pixel indicating the probability of that pixel belonging to foreground object or scene background. For example, intensity, texture, motion, saliency and template matching can all be used to generate likelihood maps. We propose a generic likelihood map fusion framework to combine these heterogeneous features into a fused soft segmentation suitable for mean-shift tracking. All the component likelihood maps contribute to the segmentation based on their classification confidence scores (weights) learned from the previous frame. The evidence combination framework dynamically updates the weights such that, in the fused likelihood map, discriminative foreground/background information is preserved while ambiguous information is suppressed. The framework is applied here to track ground vehicles from thermal airborne video, and is also compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.