ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Preventing Internet denial-of-service with capabilities
Authors: Tom Anderson, Timothy Roscoe, David Wetherall
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to preventing and constraining denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Instead of being able to send anything to anyone at any time, in our architecture, nodes must first obtain "permission to send" from the destination; a receiver provides tokens, or capabilities, to those senders whose traffic it agrees to accept. The senders then include these tokens in packets. This enables verification points distributed around the network to check that traffic has been certified as legitimate by both endpoints and the path in between, and to cleanly discard unauthorized traffic. We show that our approach addresses many of the limitations of the currently popular approaches to DoS based on anomaly detection, traceback, and pushback. Further, we argue that our approach can be readily implemented in today's technology, is suitable for incremental deployment, and requires no more of a security infrastructure than that already needed to fix BGP's security weaknesses. Finally, our proposal facilitates innovation in application and networking protocols, something increasingly curtailed by existing DoS measures.
Building the virtual state ... or not?: a critical appraisal
Authors: Donald F. Norris
Venue: Social Science Computer Review (2003)

In this article, the author advances four arguments about Building the Virtual State. First, it is ahistorical and fails to take into account the rich and rewarding literature about information technology (IT) and government developed over the past 3 decades. Second, its theory of IT enactment is little more than a repackaging of the dominant extant theory in the field, sociotechnical systems theory. Third, evidence provided from the three case studies in the book is insufficient to test enactment (or any other) theory of IT and government. Finally, although the book claims to be about the virtual state, only one of the case studies addresses the movement of government services onto the Internet (the author's definition of the virtual state), and the other two cases do not address it at all. For these reasons, Building the Virtual State is a disappointment, and it delivers a good bit less than it promises.
A Software Infrastructure for Research in Textual Data Mining
Authors: Lars E. Holzman, Todd A. Fisher, Leon M. Galitsky, April Kontostathis, William M. Pottenger
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2003)

Few tools exist that address the challenges facing researchers in the Textual Data Mining (TDM) field. Some are too specific to their application, or are prototypes not suitable for general use. More general tools often are not capable of processing large volumes of data.We have created a Textual Data Mining Infrastructure (TMI) that incorporates both existing and new capabilities in a reusable framework conductive to developing new tools and components. TMI adheres to strict guidelines that allow it to run in a wide range of processing environments ¿ as a result, it accommodates the volume of computing and diversity of research occurring in TDM. A unique capability of TMI is support for optimization. This facilitates text mining research by automating the search for optimal parameters in text miningalgorithms.In this article we describe a number of applications that use the TMI. We present several novel results that have not been published elsewhere. We also discuss how the TMI utilizes existing machine-learning libraries, thereby enabling researchers to continue and extend their endeavors with minimal effort. Towards that end, TMI is available on the web at hddi.cse.lehigh.edu.
Finite element analysis of a class of stress-free martensitic microstructures
Authors: Bo Li
Venue: Mathematics of Computation (2003)

This work is concerned with the finite element approximation of a class of stress-free martensitic microstructures modeled by multi-well energy minimization. Finite element energy-minimizing sequences are first constructed to obtain bounds on the minimum energy over all admissible finite element deformations. A series of error estimates are then derived for finite element energy minimizers.
Integrating Self Testability with Design Space Exploration by a Controller based Estimation Technique
Authors: M. S. Gaur, M. Zwolinski
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

Recent research for testable designs has focussed on insertingtest structures by re-arranging an Register-Transfer-Level(RTL) data path generated from a behavioural descriptionto make more testable. Although it can be arguedthat good results have been obtained with such approaches,we must keep in mind that with the emergence of commercialbehavioural synthesis tools it is difficult for the designerto understand an automatically generated structural RTLdescription. With the ever increasing complexity and pressureto shorten time to market, test synthesis must not bedissociated from design synthesis. This paper shows that itis possible to generate optimised self-testable RTL when addressedat the highest level of abstraction ie., behaviouraldescription. This is achieved by developing a novel andaccurate Built-In Self-Test (BIST) resource estimation techniquebased on exploitation of certain characteristics of thecontroller of the design.
Case study: visualization of mesoscale flow features in ocean basins
Authors: Andreas Johannsen, Robert Moorhead
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94 (1994)

Environmental issues such as global warming are an active area of international research and concern today. This case study describes various visualization paradigms that have been developed and applied in an attempt to elucidate the information provided by environmental models and observations. The ultimate goal is to accurately measure the existence of any long term climatological change. The global ocean is the starting point, since it is a major source and sink of heat within our global environment.
Alternative delivery mechanisms in distance education
Authors: M. Gordon Hunter, Peter Carr
Venue: Advanced topics in global information management (2003)

Technology is providing a positive impact on delivery mechanisms employed in distance education at the university level. Some institutions are incorporating distance education as a way to extend the classroom. Other institutions are investigating new delivery mechanisms that support a revised perspective on education. These latter institutions are revising their processes for interacting with students and taking a more "learner-centered" approach to the delivery of education. This chapter discusses the impact of technology on the delivery mechanisms employed in distance education. A framework is proposed here that presents a description of alternative modes of generic delivery mechanisms. It is suggested that those institutions that adopt a delivery mechanism employing an asynchronous mode can gain the most benefit from technology. This approach seems to represent the only truly innovative use of rechnology in distance education. The approach creates a student-oriented environment while maintaining high levels of interaction, both of which are factors that contribute to student satisfaction with their overall educational experience.
High level synthesis: a data path partitioning method dedicated to speed enhancement
Authors: F. Monteiro, B. Rouzeyre, G. Sagnes
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1991)

In the field of high level synthesis, a speed improvement of structural designs can be obtained by partitioning the physical data path of the behavioral compilers outcome. This speed improvement is achieved by increasing the number of operations treated simultaneously without appreciable overhead in the silicon area.In this paper, we present a partitioning method based on bus splitting. This method makes use of hierarchical clustering and a description of all the measures needed for partitioning is given.
Mappings on Decomposable Combinatorial Structures: Analytic Approach
Authors: E. Manstavičius
Venue: Combinatorics, Probability and Computing (2002)

On the class of labelled combinatorial structures called assemblies we define complex-valued multiplicative functions and examine their asymptotic mean values. The problem reduces to the investigation of quotients of the Taylor coefficients of exponential generating series having Euler products. Our approach, originating in probabilistic number theory, requires information on the generating functions only in the convergence disc and rather weak smoothness on the circumference. The results could be applied to studying the asymptotic value distribution of decomposable mappings defined on assemblies.
Geographic medicine and clinical microbiology
Authors: Stephen A. Berger
Venue: ACM SIGBIO Newsletter (1998)

Development of a computer program for simulation, diagnosis and informatics in Geographic Medicine and Clinical Microbiology. The GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases and EpidemiOgy Network) software follows the status of all infectious diseases and pathogens in all countries; in addition to the pharmacology and use of all antiinfective agents and vaccines in the field.
A Resilient Network that Can Operate Under Duress: To Support Communication between Government Agencies during Crisis Situations
Authors: Sanjay Goel, Salvatore Belardo, Laura Iwan
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 5 - Volume 5 (2004)

The work in this paper is motivated by the weaknesses in communication networks that were observed among government agencies while responding to the emergency situation posed by the attack on the World Trade Center. The paper proposes a self-healing and self-managingarchitecture for supporting electronic communication between government agencies in crisis situations when the communication infrastructure is partially disabled. The architecture that we propose consists of independent services with standard interfaces and variable addresses. The services discover each other as required in real time by matching the standard interfaces. Disabled services are automatically pruned from the network and new services seamlessly replace the existing services at alternate network nodes. Complex operations can be performed using these services by integrating the services into existing workflows. The architecture allows for redundancy in the system as well as for requisitioning of additional services when the performance degrades due to a higher than normal load, which causes duress in the system. The paper presents the architecture for such a system as well as a model for simulating such a system under various scenarios of duress.
Experiences obtained from designing with children
Authors: Claire Jones, Louise McIver, Lorna Gibson, Peter Gregor
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Interaction design and children (2003)

This paper describes the experiences and insights obtained while using children-centred design during two software development projects. The authors describe critical difficulties experienced and how measures had to be taken to adapt the children-centred design methodologies to allow full involvement of children in the project design.
Teamware: An Evaluation of Key Technologies and Open Problems
Authors: Dimitrios Georgakopoulos
Venue: Distributed and Parallel Databases (2004)

Tools and technologies aiming to support electronic teamwork are constantly improving. However, the landscape of supporting technologies and tools is fragmented, and comprehensive solutions that fully realize the promises of electronic collaboration remain an elusive goal. In this paper, we describe and relate the capabilities of workflow systems, groupware tools, and content management system by introducing a framework that provides common concepts and reference architectures. To evaluate these technologies from the perspective of teamwork and collaboration, we discuss the requirements of a specific application domain and describe which requirements each of these technologies can address. In addition, we identify currently unsupported requirements and propose corresponding areas for additional research.
A methodology for intelligent sensor measurement, validation, fusion, and fault detection for equipment monitoring and diagnostics
Authors: Satnam Alag, Alice M. Agogino, Mahesh Morjaria
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2001)

In equipment monitoring and diagnostics, it is very important to distinguish between a sensor failure and a system failure. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive methodology based on a hybrid system of AI and statistical techniques. The methodology is designed for monitoring complex equipment systems, which validates the sensor data, associates a degree of validity with each measurement, isolates faulty sensors, estimates the actual values despite faulty measurements, and detects incipient sensor failures. The methodology consists of four steps: redundancy creation, state prediction, sensor measurement validation and fusion, and fault detection through residue change detection. Through these four steps we use the information that can be obtained by looking at: information from a sensor individually, information from the sensor as part of a group of sensors, and the immediate history of the process that is being monitored. The advantage of this methodology is that it can detect multiple sensor failures, both abrupt as well as incipient. It can also detect subtle sensor failures such as drift in calibration and degradation of the sensor. The four-step methodology is applied to data from a gas turbine power plant.
An Experience on using the Team Software Process for Implementing the Capability Maturity Model for Software in a Small Organization
Authors: Miguel A. Serrano, Carlos Montes de Oca, Karina Cedillo
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Quality Software (2003)

We describe our experience on how we used the TeamSoftware Process (TSPSM) as a foundation forimplementing a Software Process Improvement (SPI)initiative in a small software development company. TheCapability Maturity Model for Software (SW-CMMTM)was chosen as the model to follow and the IDEAL modelas the organizational improvement model for planningand implementing the improvement actions. The TSP toSW-CMM gap analysis and a Capability Maturity ModelBased Assessment for Internal Process Improvement(CBA IPI) self assessment were used to diagnose andguide the SPI efforts. In this paper we present ourfindings and experiences on this SPI initiative.
Computer-aided Course Major Decision Making Tool for Remote Students
Authors: Qing Zhou, Li-qiang Yuan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2003)

In this paper a major choosing system is proposed forremote students. Because of the uncertainty of the majorchoosing problem, we use an uncertain reasoning methodin the system. The method is a modification of the supportingdegree for uncertain reasoning proposed in [3][9] andis entirely based on the knowledge of students. A detaileddescription of the major choosing system proposed in thispaper is given, some basic properties of the system are discussed,a careful analysis on the whole process of the systemis made. The paper concludes with an example which comprehensivelyillustrates our idea of the system. The resultsin the paper show that our method in this paper is effectiveand reasonable.
From the Editor: Best Practices--Who Says?
Authors: Warren Harrison
Venue: IEEE Software (2004)

We often hear the term best practices used in software development contexts. It's easy to fall into the habit of using the term indiscriminately for any activity that looks even remotely useful. The editor in chief looks at the term's possible meanings, how it can affect computer forensics investigations, why he's restricting its use in IEEE Software, and how we might formalize a definition so that the term and concept can be useful to the community.
Impact of Data Transformations on Memory Bank Locality
Authors: M. Kandemir
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

High-energy consumption presents a problem for sustainable clock frequency and deliverable performance. In particular, memory energy consumption of array-intensive applications can beoverwhelming due to poor cache locality. One option for reducing memory energy is to adopt a banked memory architecture, where memory space is divided into banks and each bank can be powered down if it is not in active use. An important issue here is the bank access pattern, which determines opportunities for saving energy. In this paper, we present a compiler-based data layout transformation strategy for increasing the effectiveness of a banked memory architecture. The idea is to transform the array layouts in memory in such a way that two loop iterations executed one after another access the data in the same bank as much as possible; the remaining banks can be placed into a low-power mode. Our simulation-based experiments with nine array-intensive applications show significant savings in memory energy consumption.
The role of dynamic capabilities in e-business transformation
Authors: Elizabeth M. Daniel, Hugh N. Wilson
Venue: European Journal of Information Systems (2003)

The domain of e-business is characterised by rapid change and in such markets managers can no longer rely on the resources that they have assembled to provide their extant competitive position. Instead they must be able to combine resources in new ways, gain additional resources and dispose of superfluous resources, and to do this repeatedly and rapidly if they are to compete successfully. The term 'dynamic capabilities' is emerging in the strategic management literature for these skills. This study seeks to identify the dynamic capabilities that are necessary for e-business transformation and to identify practices in developing these capabilities that are both effective and common across companies, and might therefore be considered as 'best practice'. Eight distinct dynamic capabilities are identified, each appearing to address either innovative or integrative aspects of e-business transformation. Consistent with previous studies of dynamic markets it was found that 'best practice' involved simple, experiential and iterative approaches to these necessary capabilities.
Marangoni effects in a horizontal solidification process in microgravity
Authors: M. M. Cerimele, D. Mansutti, F. Pistella
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Computational methods in sciences and engineering (2003)

The present work was stimulated by the need to plan solidification experiments on a space platform and the general aim is to provide data from numerical simulation to be used to set properly the experimental apparatus.The material typically used in this kind of experiments is succinonitrile (SCN) for it assembles the characteristics of semi-conductor materials and metals although being transparent and allowing easy observation of the flow structures, phase front and deformations. We shall present the numerical simulation of the horizontal Bridgman solidification process where, at the open top of the parallelepipedic crucible, the shear stress induced by the surface tension gradients at the air/melt interface (Marangoni effect) is taken into account. In order to better understand the mechanism of interaction between the buoyancy and the thermocapillary forces we shall compare the numerical results obtained for SCN with those from the simulation of the solidification of silicon, a material chacterized by negligible surface tension.
Modeling of Multiple Agent based Cryptographic Key Recovery Protocol
Authors: Shinyoung Lim, Sangseung Kang, Joochan Sohn
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2003)

When a receiver of a ciphertext message can not decryptthe message due to the fact that he has lost his private-key,the private-key of the receiver and session-key of themessage need to be recovered. In this paper, wedemonstrate how we have modeled and analyzed a new typeof multiple agent based key recovery protocol. It ischaracterized by key encapsulation approach, protocolgeneralization, secret choice of key recovery agents andfork/join of session-keys by random-keys. The proposedprotocol is formally modeled by a new pictorial model, anExtended Cryptographic Timed Petri Net (ECTPN).Recoverability of a session-key as well as performance ofthe protocol is verified by using a reachability graph of theECTPN.
Part decomposition of 3d surfaces
Authors: David Lon Page
Venue:  (2003)

This dissertation describes a general algorithm that automatically decomposes real-world scenes and objects into visual parts. The input to the algorithm is a 3D triangle mesh that approximates the surfaces of a scene or object. This geometric mesh completely specifies the shape of interest. The output of the algorithm is a set of boundary contours that dissect the mesh into parts where these parts agree with human perception. In this algorithm, shape alone defines the location of a boundary contour for a part. The algorithm leverages a human vision theory known as the minima rule that states that human visual perception tends to decompose shapes into parts along lines of negative curvature minima. Specifically, the minima rule governs the location of part boundaries, and as a result the algorithm is known as the Minima Rule Algorithm. Previous computer vision methods have attempted to implement this rule but have used pseudo measures of surface curvature. Thus, these prior methods are not true implementations of the rule. The Minima Rule Algorithm is a three step process that consists of curvature estimation, mesh segmentation, and quality evaluation. These steps have led to three novel algorithms known as Normal Vector Voting, Fast Marching Watersheds, and Part Saliency Metric, respectively. For each algorithm, this dissertation presents both the supporting theory and experimental results. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm using both synthetic and real data and include comparisons with previous methods from the research literature. Finally, the dissertation concludes with a summary of the contributions to the state of the art.
Lattice-theoretic properties of MPR-posets in phylogeny
Authors: Kampei Miyakawa, Hiroshi Narushima
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2004)

With biological sciences such as taxonomy, cladistics and phylogeny as a background, the principle of maximum parsimony also called Wagner Parsimony has been mathematically formulated and then a mathematical and algorithmic theory has been developing. Recently, a clear method for the character-state minimization problem called the First Most-Parsimonious Reconstruction (MPR) Problem under linearly ordered character-states has been presented by Hanazawa et al. (Appl. Math. 56 (1995) 245-265), Narushima and Hanazawa (Discrete Appl. Math. 80 (1997) 231-238). From a phylogenetic point of view, Minaka (Forma 8 (1993) 277-296) has introduced two partial orderings on the set of MPRs to investigate the relationships among the MPRs. One is the usual ordering, and the other is a partial ordering that depends on a state of a specified root of a given el-tree, which is called a σ(r)-version ordering. In this paper, the following three theorems on MPR-posets induced by these orderings are shown: (1) a usual MPR-poset is a complete distributive lattice, (2) a σ(r)-version MPR-poset is a lower-complete semi-lattice, (3) any interval poser of a σ(r)-version MPR-poset is a complete distributive lattice. Some possible applications and meanings of the theorems are also mentioned.