ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Reliable Multipath Routing with Fixed Delays in MANET Using Regenerating Nodes
Authors: Rui Ma, Jacek Ilow
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (2003)

This paper proposes a new framework in mobile ad hocnetworks (MANET) for reliable multipath routing with fixeddelays based on packet level Forward Error Control (FEC).The novelty of this work stems from the integrated optimizationof the redundancy at the path and the FEC packet levelsto arrive at the concept of the regenerating nodes. The regeneratingnodes can reduce the packet loss rate (PLR) betweenthe source and the intermediate nodes so that, eventually,the PLR between the source and the destination isminimized. In general, the residual PLR in the system is reducedto the PLR on the connection between the last regeneratingnode and the destination. Extensive Monte Carlosimulations are provided to demonstrate the robust performanceof the proposed scheme in the network environmentswith frequently changing topologies and PLR scenarios.The scheme accommodates various constraints for delayand reliability in terms of PLR that can be tailored tothe specific applications, such as real-time multimedia servicesin MANET.
Inter-module credit assignment in modular reinforcement learning
Authors: Kazuyuki Samejima, Kenji Doya, Mitsuo Kawato
Venue: Neural Networks (2003)

Critical issues in modular or hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) are (i) how to decompose a task into sub-tasks, (ii) how to achieve independence of learning of sub-tasks, and (iii) how to assure optimality of the composite policy for the entire task. The second and last requirements are often under trade-off. We propose a method for propagating the reward for the entire task achievement between modules. This is done in the form of a 'modular reward', which is calculated from the temporal difference of the module gating signal and the value of the succeeding module. We implement modular reward for a multiple model-based reinforcement learning (MMRL) architecture and show its effectiveness in simulations of a pursuit task with hidden states and a continuous-time non-linear control task.
Optimal finger search trees in the pointer machine
Authors: Gerth Stølting Brodal, George Lagogiannis, Christos Makris, Athanasios Tsakalidis, Kostas Tsichlas
Venue: Journal of Computer and System Sciences (2003)

We develop a new finger search tree with worst-case constant update time in the pointer machine (PM) model of computation. This was a major problem in the field of Data Structures and was tantalizingly open for over 20 years, while many attempts by researchers were made to solve it. The result comes as a consequence of the innovative mechanism that guides the rebalancing operations, combined with incremental multiple splitting and fusion techniques over nodes.
The Web as a parallel corpus
Authors: Philip Resnik, Noah A. Smith
Venue: Computational Linguistics (2003)

Parallel corpora have become an essential resource for work in multilingual natural language processing. In this article, we report on our work using the STRAND system for mining parallel text on the World Wide Web,first reviewing the original algorithm and results and then presenting a set of significant enhancements. These enhancements include the use of supervised learning based on structural features of documents to improve classification performance, a new content-based measure of translational equivalence, and adaptation of the system to take advantage of the Internet Archive for mining parallel text from the Web on a large scale. Finally, the value of these techniques is demonstrated in the construction of a significant parallel corpus for a low-density language pair.
Teaching objects early and design patterns in Java using case studies
Authors: Chris Nevison, Barbara Wells
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2003)

In order to teach object-oriented design and programming in introductory computer science it is imperative to teach objects from the very beginning of the course. The use of interacting objects is motivated by examples with an inherent complexity. We suggest that a case study approach to teaching object-oriented programming can provide a context with simplicity within complexity, so that simple versions of the case study program or simple pieces of a more complex program can be used to teach concepts at an introductory level. A case study provides a setting where a progression of successively more sophisticated programs can be developed to introduce standard topics of the introductory course within an increasingly familiar context. At the same time, the design of these programs can illustrate some of the fundamental principles of object-oriented design as embodied in basic design patterns.
Filtering for quality
Authors: Joel Troster, John Henshaw, Erich Buss
Venue: Proceedings of the 1993 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research: software engineering - Volume 1 (1993)

Filtering for quality is an automated, extensible enhancement to the Defect Prevention Process that incorporates reverse engineering technologies. Software organizations attempting to achieve maturity in their software development process need technologies that enable a process of continuous improvement.This paper describes enhancements to the Defect Prevention Process that facilitate the ability of the Causal Analysis Action Team to build the means to identify and remove defects in a software product, and to prevent their recurrence. This "defect filtering" process and its deployment in existing IBM products is described. Details of related technology and previous experiences are presented.
Energy-efficient issue queue design
Authors: Dmitry V. Ponomarev, Gurhan Kucuk, Oguz Ergin, Kanad Ghose, Peter M. Kogge
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2003)

The out-of-order issue queue (IQ), used in modern superscalar processors is a considerable source of energy dissipation. We consider design alternatives that result in significant reductions in the power dissipation of the IQ (by as much as 75%) through the use of comparators that dissipate energy mainly on a tag match, 0-B encoding of operands to imply the presence of bytes with all zeros and, bitline segmentation. Our results are validated by the execution of SPEC 95 benchmarks on a true hardware level, cycle-by-cycle simulator for a superscalar processor and SPICE measurements for actual layouts of the IQ in a 0.18-µm CMOS process.
SoftContract: an Assertion-Based Software Development Process that Enables Design-by-Contract
Authors: Jean-Yves Brunel, Marco Di Natale, Alberto Ferrari, Paolo Giusto, Luciano Lavagno
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1 (2004)

This paper discusses a model-based design flow for requirements in distributed embedded software development. Such requirements are speci.ed using a language similar to Linear Temporal Logic which allows one to reason about time and sequencing. They consist of assertions which must hold for a design, given some assumptions on its environment. They can be checked both during simulation and, at least for a subset, even on the target. The key contribution of the paper is the extension to the embedded software domain of assertion-based verification, and the automated generation of property-checking code in multiple target languages, from simulation, to prototyping, to final production.
Pipelines
Authors: Dave Thomas, Andy Hunt
Venue: IEEE Software (2003)

One of the underlying philosophies of the Unix command shell is the idea of the pipeline: Take a set of small, specialized programs and let them interact by feeding the output of one into the input of the next. By stringing simple programs together in this way, rich behavior can emerge. Pipelines can let you replace complex program logic with a chain of far simpler discrete steps.
Examining technology acceptance by school teachers: a longitudinal study
Authors: Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Theodore H. K. Clark, Will W. Ma
Venue: Information and Management (2003)

The role of information technology (IT) in education has significantly increased, but resistance to technology by public school teachers worldwide remains high. This study examined public school teachers' technology acceptance decision-making by using a research model that is based on key findings from relevant prior research and important characteristics of the targeted user acceptance phenomenon. The model was longitudinally tested using responses from more than 130 teachers attending an intensive 4-week training program on Microsoft PowerPointTM, a common but important classroom presentation technology. In addition to identifying key acceptance determinants, we examined plausible changes in acceptance drivers over the course of the training, including their influence patterns and magnitudes. Overall, our model showed a reasonably good fit with the data and exhibited satisfactory explanatory power, based on the responses collected from training commencement and completion. Our findings suggest a highly prominent and significant core influence path from job relevance to perceived usefulness and then technology acceptance. Analysis of data collected at the beginning and the end of the training supports most of our hypotheses and sheds light on plausible changes in their influences over time. Specifically, teachers appear to consider a rich set of factors in initial acceptance but concentrate on fundamental determinants (e.g. perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) in their continued acceptance.
Interactive skills using active gaze tracking
Authors: Rowel Atienza, Alexander Zelinsky
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2003)

We have incorporated interactive skills into an active gaze tracking system. Our active gaze tracking system can identify an object in a cluttered scene that a person is looking at. By following the user's 3-D gaze direction together with a zero-disparity filter, we can determine the object's position. Our active vision system also directs attention to a user by tracking anything with both motion and skin color. A Particle Filter fuses skin color and motion from optical flow techniques together to locate a hand or a face in an image. The active vision then uses stereo camera geometry, Kalman Filtering and position and velocity controllers to track the feature in real-time. These skills are integrated together such that they cooperate with each other in order to track the user's face and gaze at all times. Results and video demos provide interesting insights on how active gaze tracking can be utilized and improved to make human-friendly user interfaces.
CORDIC Processor for Variable-Precision Interval Arithmetic
Authors: Javier Hormigo, Julio Villalba, Emilio L. Zapata
Venue: Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems (2004)

In this paper we present a specific CORDIC processor for variable-precision coordinates. This system allows us to specify the precision to perform the CORDIC operation, and control the accuracy of the result, in such a way that re-computation of inaccurate results can be carried out with higher precision. It permits a reliable and accurate evaluation of a wide range of elementary functions. The specific architecture designed greatly improves the computational time of previous solutions based on classic polynomial approximation. For controlling error in numerical computation (where intervals are normally narrow) the proposed design performs an interval operation in a time close to that of a point operation.
Strategic Alignment Revisited: Connecting Organizational Architecture and IT Infrastructure
Authors: Chris Sauer, Leslie Willcocks
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 8 - Volume 8 (2004)

Companies often find the rigidity of information technology infrastructures a barrier to change. This is increasingly problematic as, faced with high competitive intensity and environmental turbulence, boards and executive teams seek to formulate and execute dynamic strategy. In the absence of a clearly defined, long-term strategic plan, the IT infrastructure platform needs to be designed and managed in concert with organisational design to achieve the degrees offlexibility the executive team most expects to need. The paper combines IT architecture with multivariate theories of organisational fit into an activity that creates a joint architecture of IT and organisation. The distinctive advantage of the approach is that the architecture is harmonised to the increasingly widespread desire to make strategy on the run. Based on a 98 organization study, we describe relevant concepts, roles and practice for achieving an Organisational Architecture.
Dictionary-Based Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Learning Experiences from CLEF 2000&ndash;2002
Authors: Turid Hedlund, Eija Airio, Heikki Keskustalo, Raija Lehtokangas, Ari Pirkola, Kalervo Järvelin
Venue: Information Retrieval (2004)

In this study the basic framework and performance analysis results are presented for the three year long development process of the dictionary-based UTACLIR system. The tests expand from bilingual CLIR for three language pairs Swedish, Finnish and German to English, to six language pairs, from English to French, German, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and Finnish, and from bilingual to multilingual. In addition, transitive translation tests are reported. The development process of the UTACLIR query translation system will be regarded from the point of view of a learning process. The contribution of the individual components, the effectiveness of compound handling, proper name matching and structuring of queries are analyzed. The results and the fault analysis have been valuable in the development process. Overall the results indicate that the process is robust and can be extended to other languages. The individual effects of the different components are in general positive. However, performance also depends on the topic set and the number of compounds and proper names in the topic, and to some extent on the source and target language. The dictionaries used affect the performance significantly.
PM2P: A Tool for Performance Monitoring of Message Passing Applications in COTS PC Clusters
Authors: Maya Haridasan, Gerson Henrique Pfitscher
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (2003)

The use of clusters of computers as an environment for high performance computing has been shown to be promising. However, the efficient use of such systems still requires advances that make the application development process be simpler and more productive. The development of cluster monitoring tools is essential to achieve this advances. In this paper we present PM2P, a tool for use in clusters of personal computers that provides a graphic visualization of the temporal execution of distributed applications that use the MPI standard for message passing. The tool uses an approach involving the parallel port to read the time of events that occur in all different machines of a cluster. It also simulates the execution of task precedence graphs and allocates tasks of a graph to the machines of a cluster, among other functionalities.
Numerical Discretization of Boundary Conditions for First Order Hamilton--Jacobi Equations
Authors: Rémi Abgrall
Venue: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (2003)

We provide two simple ways of discretizing a large class of boundary conditions for first order Hamilton--Jacobi equations. We show the convergence of the numerical scheme under mild assumptions. However, many types of such boundary conditions can be written in this way. Some provide "good" numerical results (i.e., without boundary layers), whereas others do not. To select a good one, we first give some general results for monotone schemes which mimic the maximum principle of the continuous case, and then we show in particular cases that no boundary layer can exist. Some numerical applications illustrate the method. An extension to a geophysical problem is also considered.
Automating Keyphrase Extraction with Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Jia-Long Wu, Alice M. Agogino
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 4 - Volume 4 (2004)

Keyphrases have been used extensively in IR systems to facilitate information exchange, organize information and assist information retrieval. Automation of keyphrase generation is essential for the timely creation of keyphrases for large repositories in new domains whereprevious thesauri do not exist or for metacollections in which keyphrases that are meaningful across disparate collections are needed. In this paper we propose an automated keyphrase extraction algorithm using a non-dominated sorting multi-objective genetic algorithm. The"clumping" property of keyphrases is used to judge the appropriateness of a phrase and is quantified by a condensation clustering measure proposed by Bookstein. The objective is to find the smallest phrase set that has the best precision, as measured by average condensation clustering. Keyphrases were retrieved from a collection of design conference papers and the results were presented to domain experts for evaluation. Ninety percent of thegenerated phrases were deemed appropriate for use in a thesaurus for engineering design.
Psychological complexity of computer programs: an experimental methodology
Authors: Larry Weissman
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1974)

In order to reduce the complexity of programs many ideas and techniques have been expounded. However, no quantitative evidence has been given that the quality of the programs has indeed been improved. We believe that experimental studies should be performed to measure those factors which make programs difficult to understand and maintain. The first step in such research is to establish a suitable experimental methodology. This paper describes a series of experiments which have been conducted with the aim of establishing such a methodology.
Forming the dots: live optical motion capture animation dance
Authors: Luc Vanier, Hank Kaczmarski, Lance Chong
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches Applications (2003)

Bob's Palace is a multi-media dance piece for nine dancers, one video operator, two camera technicians, one motion capture animation artist/designer and one composer/musician. The subject matter of the dance revolves around panic, anxiety and everyday fears. It premiered at the Krannert Center for the Performing Arts, Urbana, Illinois, on February 4th, 2003.
Microcontroller implementation of melody recognition: a prototype
Authors: Jyh-Shing Roger Jang, Yung-Sen Jang
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (2003)

This demo presents a 16-bit microcontroller implementation of a content-based music retrieval system that can take a user's acoustic input (5-second clip of singing or humming) and then retrieve the intended song from 20 candidate songs. Performance evaluation based on 192 clips shows that the system has a satisfactory top-1 recognition rate of 92%. This system demonstrates the feasibility of microcontroller based melody recognition for music retrieval, which can be used in consumer electronics such as melody-activated interactive toys, query engines for MP3 players or karaoke machines, and so on.
Wearable computing and the geographies of urban childhood: working with children to explore the potential of new technology
Authors: Morris Williams, Owain Jones, Constance Fleuriot
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Interaction design and children (2003)

This paper describes a workshop run as part of 'A New Sense of Place?' an initiative exploring and developing the interface between children and new mobile 'wearable' ICTs. This initiative is one part of 'Mobile Bristol', a wider project developing wearable devices, their applications and understandings of their potential in social terms. 'A New Sense of Place?' is particularly interested in considering how these new technologies might integrate with childhood and how they might be applied to help children to reengage with urban spaces. The paper establishes the rationale for this work and describes a two day exploratory workshop with 10 children held in April 2002. The workshop was designed to introduce children to the technology and explore whether, from the children's point of view, the technology might hold enough potential for their use in the urban environment for the work to develop.
FMR studies of CrO2 epitaxial thin films
Authors: B. Z. Rameev, R. Yilgin, B. Aktaş, A. Gupta, L. R. Tagirov
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

Epitaxial (100) thin films of CrO2 of various thickness were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at atmospheric oxygen pressure onto (100) TiO2 single-crystal substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were performed at the X-band (9.5 GHz) at room temperature. The angular dependencies of the FMR spectra in both "in-plane" and "out-of-plane" geometries were measured. The directions of easy and hard axes of magnetization were determined from the in-plane measurements, when the DC magnetic field was rotated in the film plane. It was established that, at room temperature, the easy axis of magnetization is parallel to the c-axis of the CrO2 rutile structure. Splitting of the FMR signal into surface and bulk modes was observed due to surface pinning of magnetization at interfaces of the CrO2 films. The magnetoelastic anisotropy was observed to be enhanced with decreasing film thickness. The values of the room temperature effective magnetization and parameters of the anisotropy field were obtained from analysis of the FMR data.
A Similarity-Based Aspect-Graph Approach to 3D Object Recognition
Authors: Christopher M. Cyr, Benjamin B. Kimia
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision (2004)

This paper describes a view-based method for recognizing 3D objects from 2D images. We employ an aspect-graph structure, where the aspects are not based on the singularities of visual mapping but are instead formed using a notion of shape similarity between views. Specifically, the viewing sphere is endowed with a metric of dis-similarity for each pair of views and the problem of aspect generation is viewed as a &ldquo;segmentation&rdquo; of the viewing sphere into homogeneous regions. The viewing sphere is sampled at regular (5 degree) intervals and the similarity metric is used in an iterative procedure to combine views into aspects with a prototype representing each aspect. This is done in a &ldquo;region-growing&rdquo; regime which stands in contrast to the usual &ldquo;edge detection&rdquo; styles to computing the aspect graph. The aspect growth is constrained such that two aspects of an object remain distinct under the given similarity metric. Once the database of 3D objects is organized as a set of aspects, and prototypes for these aspects for each object, unknown views of database objects are compared with the prototypes and the results are ordered by similarity. We use two similarity metrics for shape, one based on curve matching and the other based on matching shock graphs, which for a database of 64 objects and unknown views of objects from the database give a recall rate of (90.3%, 74.2%, 59.7%) and (95.2%, 69.0%, 57.5%), respectively, for the top three matches&semi; cumulative recall rate based on the top three matches is 98% and 100%, respectively. The result of indexing unknown views of objects not in the database also produce intuitive matches. We also develop a hierarchical indexing scheme to prune unlikely objects at an early stage to improve the efficiency of indexing, resulting in savings of 35% at the top level and of 55% at the next level, cumulatively.