ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Transient visualizations
Authors: Mikkel Rønne Jakobsen, Kasper Hornæk
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces (2007)

Information visualizations often make permanent changes to the user interface with the aim of supporting specific tasks. However, a permanent visualization cannot support the variety of tasks found in realistic work settings equally well. We explore interaction techniques that transiently visualize information near the user's focus of attention. Transient visualizations support specific contexts of use without permanently changing the user interface, and aim to seamlessly integrate with existing tools and to decrease distraction. Examples of transient visualizations for document search, map zoom-outs, fisheye views of source code, and thesaurus access are presented. We provide an initial validation of transient visualizations by comparing a transient overview for maps to a permanent visualization. Among 20 users of these visualizations, all but four preferred the transient visualization. However, differences in time and error rates were insignificant. On this background, we discuss the potential of transient visualizations and future directions.
NodeTrix: a Hybrid Visualization of Social Networks
Authors: Nathalie Henry Jean-Daniel Fekete Michael J. McGuffin
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2007)

The need to visualize large social networks is growing as hardware capabilities make analyzing large networks feasible and many new data sets become available. Unfortunately, the visualizations in existing systems do not satisfactorily resolve the basic dilemma of being readable both for the global structure of thenetwork and also for detailed analysis of local communities. To address this problem, we present NodeTrix, a hybrid representation for networks that combines the advantages of two traditional representations: node-link diagrams are used to show the global structure of a network, while arbitrary portions of the network can be shown as adjacency matrices to better support the analysis of communities. A key contribution is a set of interaction techniques. These allow analysts to create a NodeTrix visualization by dragging selections to and from node-link and matrix forms, and to flexibly manipulate the NodeTrix representation to explore the dataset andcreate meaningful summary visualizations of their findings. Finally, we present a case study applying NodeTrix to the analysis of the InfoVis 2004 coauthorship dataset to illustrate the capabilities of NodeTrix as both an exploration tool and an effective means of communicating results.
High Speed MOSFET Circuits Using Advanced Lithography
Authors: D. L. Critchlow
Venue: Computer (1976)

During the last decade we have seen a dramatic increase in the complexity of silicon integrated circuit chips, particularly in memory. The n-channel FET technology is dominant in main memory and in lower performance logic and arrays (i.e., read-only memory and buffers) because of its higher circuit density and simpler processing, whereas bipolar transistor technology dominates for high-performance logic and arrays.
Narrow-band low-noise amplifier synthesis for high-performance system-on-chip design
Authors: Arthur Nieuwoudt, Tamer Ragheb, Yehia Massoud
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2007)

In this paper, we present a systematic synthesis methodology for fully integrated narrow-band CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in high-performance system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The methodology is based on deterministic gradient-based numerical nonlinear optimization and the normal boundary intersection (NBI) method for Pareto optimization. We simultaneously optimize transistor widths, bias voltages, and input and output matching network passive components, which yields integrated inductor values that are more than one order of magnitude less than those generated by several existing equation-based LNA design techniques. By generating significantly smaller inductor values, we enable the SoC integration of the complete LNA. When the synthesized LNAs are characterized using circuit-level simulation, our methodology yields up to 35% and 58% improvement in noise figure and gain, respectively.
Ruby on Rails
Authors: Michael Bächle, Paul Kirchberg
Venue: IEEE Software (2007)

Ruby on Rails is a novel Web 2.0 application development framework that attempts to combine PHP's simple immediacy with Java's architecture, purity, and quality.
Computer Memories in the Seventies
Venue: Computer (1971)

The Computer Elements Committee held a workshop, "Computer Memories in the Seventies," in Denver, September 30 to October 2. Presentations were made by Les Vadasz, Frank Wanlass, Dave Nelson, Jack Schmidt, Drew Berding, Wendell Sander, John Sumilas, Howard Parks, George Quimby, R. D. Lohman, Bob Fillingham, Carlos Chong, and Lloyd Ransom. Topics covered included MOS, bipolar, Ovonic, plated-wire and holographic memory, with some supporting subject material in the areas of memory packaging and redundancy techniques. The agenda also included a visit to a plated-wire manufacturing facility.
Performance of delay-sensitive traffic in multi-layered satellite IP networks with on-board processing capability
Authors: Suzan Bayhan, Gürkan Gür, Fatih Alagöz
Venue: International Journal of Communication Systems (2007)

In this article, performance of delay-sensitive traffic in multi-layered satellite Internet Protocol (IP) networks with on-board processing (OBP) capability is investigated. With OBP, a satellite can process the received data, and according to the nature of application, it can decide on the transmission properties. First, we present a concise overview of relevant aspects of satellite networks to delay-sensitive traffic and routing. Then, in order to improve the system performance for delay-sensitive traffic, specifically Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), a novel adaptive routing mechanism in two-layered satellite network considering the network's real-time information is introduced and evaluated. Adaptive Routing Protocol for Quality of Service (ARPQ) utilizes OBP and avoids congestion by distributing traffic load between medium-Earth orbit and low-Earth orbit layers. We utilize a prioritized queueing policy to satisfy quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of delay-sensitive applications while evading non-real-time traffic suffer low performance level. The simulation results verify that multi-layered satellite networks with OBP capabilities and QoS mechanisms are essential for feasibility of packet-based high-quality delay-sensitive services which are expected to be the vital components of next-generation communications networks. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Heuristic Algorithm for Dynamic Scheduling Problem of Earth Observing Satellites
Authors: Jun-min Wang, Ju-fang Li, Yue-jin Tan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing - Volume 01 (2007)

Earthserving Satellites are traditionally scheduled in a static way. It assumes that the information about the problem is complete and the environment is static. In practice, the satellites are working in a complex environment, faced with different uncertainties and perturbations such as unforeseen cloud cover, unanticipated changes in satellite resources, or arriving of new tasks. It is then necessary to schedule the Earth Observing Satellites in a dynamic way. On the basis of detailed analysis of these dynamic factors, we describe the problem with a unified form of inserting new tasks. Considering the characteristic of the dynamic scheduling problem of Earthserving Satellites in this paper, we propose a rule-based heuristic algorithm, and design a heuristic rule of max-contention for retraction and a heuristic rule of min-occupation for insertion. Finally, an example is given to validate the algorithm. Numerical results indicate that this algorithm can guarantee both efficiency and stability of the schedule.
A Domain-Specific On-Chip Network Design for Large Scale Cache Systems
Authors: Yuho Jin, Eun Jung Kim, Ki Hwan Yum
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 13th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (2007)

As circuit integration technology advances, the design of efficient interconnects has become critical. On-chip networks have been adopted to overcome scalability and the poor resource sharing problems of shared buses or dedicated wires. However, using a general on-chip network for a specific domain may cause underutilization of the network resources and huge network delays because the interconnects are not optimized for the domain. Addressing these two issues is challenging because in-depth knowledges of interconnects and the specific domain are required. Recently proposed Non-Uniform Cache Architectures (NUCAs) use wormhole-routed 2D mesh networks to improve the performance of on-chip L2 caches. We observe that network resources in NUCAs are underutilized and occupy considerable chip area (52% of cache area). Also the network delay is significantly large (63% of cache access time). Motivated by our observations, we investigate how to optimize cache operations and and design the network in large scale cache systems. We propose a single-cycle router architecture that can efficiently support multicasting in on-chip caches. Next, we present Fast-LRU replacement, where cache replacement overlaps with data request delivery. Finally we propose a deadlock-free XYX routing algorithm and a new halo network topology to minimize the number of links in the network. Simulation results show that our networked cache system improves the average IPC by 38% over the mesh network design with Multicast Promotion replacement while using only 23% of the interconnection area. Specifically, Multicast Fast-LRU replacement improves the average IPC by 20% compared with Multicast Promotion replacement.
Microsystems Macro-Assemblers and Macro-Based Languages in Microprocessor Software Development
Authors: H. A. Cohen
Venue: Computer (1979)

Using a conventional macro-assembler as a multi-target cross-assembler and cross-compiler, the authors developed portable algorithmic code for microprocessor controllers.
PSL/PSA: A Computer-Aided Technique for Structured Documentation and Analysis of Information Processing Systems
Authors: D. Teichroew
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1977)

PSL/PSA is a computer-aided structured documentation and analysis technique that was developed for, and is being used for, analysis and documentation of requirements and preparation of functional specifications for information processing systems. The present status of requirements definition is outlined as the basis for describing the problem which PSL/PSA is intended to solve. The basic concepts of the Problem Statement Language are introduced and the content and use of a number of standard reports that can be produced by the Problem Statement Analyzer are briefly described.
Color targets: fiducials to help visually impaired people find their way by camera phone
Authors: James Coughlan, Roberto Manduchi
Venue: Journal on Image and Video Processing (2007)

A major challenge faced by the blind and visually impaired population is that of wayfinding--the ability of a person to find his or her way to a given destination. We propose a new wayfinding aid based on a camera cell phone, which is held by the user to find and read aloud specially designed machine-readable signs, which we call color targets, in indoor environments (labeling locations such as offices and restrooms). Our main technical innovation is that we have designed the color targets to be detected and located in fractions of a second on the cell phone CPU, even at a distance of several meters. Once the sign has been quickly detected, nearby information in the form of a barcode can be read, an operation that typically requires more computational time. An important contribution of this paper is a principled method for optimizing the design of the color targets and the color target detection algorithm based on training data, instead of relying on heuristic choices as in our previous work. We have implemented the system on Nokia 7610 cell phone, and preliminary experiments with blind subjects demonstrate the feasibility of using the system as a real-time wayfinding aid.
Designing the Face of an Interface
Authors: A. Marcus
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (1982)

Application of the principles of graphic design can bring friendly and effective communication to the Human/computer interface. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Measuring article quality in wikipedia: models and evaluation
Authors: Meiqun Hu, Ee-Peng Lim, Aixin Sun, Hady Wirawan Lauw, Ba-Quy Vuong
Venue: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management (2007)

Wikipedia has grown to be the world largest and busiest free encyclopedia, in which articles are collaboratively written and maintained by volunteers online. Despite its success as a means of knowledge sharing and collaboration, the public has never stopped criticizing the quality of Wikipedia articles edited by non-experts and inexperienced contributors. In this paper, we investigate the problem of assessing the quality of articles in collaborative authoring of Wikipedia. We propose three article quality measurement models that make use of the interaction data between articles and their contributors derived from the article edit history. Our B<scp>asic</scp> model is designed based on the mutual dependency between article quality and their author authority. The P<scp>eer</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> model introduces the review behavior into measuring article quality. Finally, our P<scp>rob</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> models extend P<scp>eer</scp>R<scp>eview</scp> with partial reviewership of contributors as they edit various portions of the articles. We conduct experiments on a set of well-labeled Wikipedia articles to evaluate the effectiveness of our quality measurement models in resembling human judgement.
Design and Implementation of effective Brain-wave Data Base(DB) building system using the five senses
Authors: Sang-Hyeon Jin, Hyeong-Oh Kwon, Jung-A Lee, Jeong-Hoon Shin
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications (2007)

Ubiquitous systems have grown explosively over the past few years. Nowadays users' need for high quality service leads to a variety of types of user terminals. As a result of these changes, various types of effective human computer interface methods have been developed. In many studies, researchers have focused on using brain-wave interface, that is to say, Brain Computer Interaction(BCI). BCI is one of the research areas in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Nowadays, research which is related to BCI is under way to find out effective methods. But, most research related to BCI is not centralized and not systematic. These problems bring about ineffective results in research. In most research related to HCI and BCI, that is to say -- pattern recognition, the most important foundation of the research is to build correct and sufficient Data Base(DB). On this score, in this paper, we propose an effective brain wave DB building system for BCI. Apart from other kinds of pattern recognition, BCI has difficulties being stored in DB. Subjects as well as researchers do not know effective methods for gathering DB. Researchers do not know how to instruct subjects and subjects also do not know how to follow researchers' instruction. To solve these kinds of problems, we propose a novel architecture of DB building system using the five senses. Researcher instructs the subject to use the five senses. Subjects imagine the instructed senses. In real time, researches verify gathered brain wave data using spectrogram. To verify effectiveness of our proposed system, we analyze the spectrogram of gathered brain wave DB and pattern. On the basis of spectrogram and pattern analysis, we propose an effective brain wave DB building method using the five senses.
The End of Black and White
Authors: Daniel E. Geer
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2007)

It's no longer just black hats or white hats in computer security. The more someone has to lose, the less likely they should be to trust the computer. It means that all people, all programs, all transactions are shades of grey. Black and white are just a memory.
A Building Block for Coarse-Grain Optimizations in the On-Chip Memory Hierarchy
Authors: Jason Zebchuk, Andreas Moshovos
Venue: IEEE Computer Architecture Letters (2007)

Current on-chip block-centric memory hierarchies exploit access patterns at the fine-grain scale of small blocks. Several recently proposed memory hierarchy enhancements for coherence traffic reduction and prefetching suggest that additional useful patterns emerge with a macroscopic, coarse-grain view. This paper presents RegionTracker, a dual-grain, on-chip cache design that exposes coarse-grain behavior while maintaining block-level communication. RegionTracker eliminates the extraneous, often imprecise coarse-grain tracking structures of previous proposals. It can be used as the building block for coarse-grain optimizations, reducing their overall cost and easing their adoption. Using full-system simulation of a quad-core chip multiprocessor and commercial workloads, we demonstrate that RegionTracker overcomes the inefficiencies of previous coarse-grain cache designs. We also demonstrate how RegionTracker boosts the benefits and reduces the cost of a previously proposed snoop reduction technique.
Some electrical properties of polyaniline/p-Si/Al structure at 300K and 77K temperatures
Authors: Ş. Aydoğan, M. Sağlam, A. Türüt
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

The electrical characterization of the PANI/p-Si/Al structure has been investigated by using current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and capacitance-frequency (C-f) characteristics. Especially, some characteristics have been compared with the 300K temperature characteristics at liquid nitrogen temperature. The characteristic parameters of the structure such as barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance have been determined from the current-voltage measurements. According to the C-V characteristics, the higher values of capacitance at low frequencies and high temperature have been attributed to the excess capacitance resulting from the interface states in equilibrium with the p-Si, which can follow the a.c. signal.
Descent via isogeny on elliptic curves with large rational torsion subgroups
Authors: E. V. Flynn, C. Grattoni
Venue: Journal of Symbolic Computation (2008)

We outline PARI programs which assist with various algorithms related to descent via isogeny on elliptic curves. We describe, in this context, variations of standard inequalities which aid the computation of members of the Tate-Shafarevich group. We apply these techniques to several examples: in one case we use descent via 9-isogeny to determine the rank of an elliptic curve; in another case we find nontrivial members of the 9-part of the Tate-Shafarevich group, and in a further case, nontrivial members of the 13-part of the Tate-Shafarevich group.
Improved double-recessed 4H-SiC MESFETs structure with recessed source/drain drift region
Authors: Jinping Zhang, Xiaorong Luo, Zhaoji Li, Bo Zhang
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2007)

An improved double-recessed 4H-SiC MESFETs structure with recessed source/drain drift region was proposed. The recessed source/drain drift region is to reduce channel thickness between gate and drain as well as eliminate gate depletion layer extension to source/drain. The recessed source/drain drift region of the proposed structure can be realized with the formation of double-recessed gate region. The simulated results showed that the breakdown voltage of the proposed structure is 145V compared to 109V of that of the published 4H-SiC MESFETs with double-recessed gate structure and yet maintain almost same saturation drain current characteristics. The output power density of the proposed structure is about 33% larger than that of the published double-recessed gate structure. The cut-off frequency (f"T) and the maximum oscillation frequency (f"m"a"x) of the proposed structure are 21.8GHz and 81.5GHz compared to 19.0GHz and 76.4GHz of that of the published double-recessed gate structure, respectively.
Efficient query evaluation on probabilistic databases
Authors: Nilesh Dalvi, Dan Suciu
Venue: Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30 (2004)

We describe a system that supports arbitrarily complex SQL queries on probabilistic databases. The query semantics is based on a probabilistic model and the results are ranked, much like in Information Retrieval. Our main focus is efficient query evaluation, a problem that has not received attention in the past. We describe an optimization algorithm that can compute efficiently most queries. We show, however, that the data complexity of some queries is #P-complete, which implies that these queries do not admit any efficient evaluation methods. For these queries we describe both an approximation algorithm and a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm.
The embarrassing truth about software automation and what should be done about it
Authors: Bran V. Selic
Venue: Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering (2007)

Automation is the most successful technological means for achieving dramatic improvements in both productivity and quality. The displacement of manual manufacturing methods by automated processes is at the core of the Industrial Revolution and accounts for much of what we usually refer to "progress" over the past several centuries. The introduction of computers and computer software more than a half century ago create unprecedented opportunities in this regard: they can not only help us automate the physical processes involved in production but also many of the highly mechanistic and error-prone mental processes involved in design. The opportunity provided by software and computers in this regard is without precedent. Yet, when one reviews the history of computer-based automation in the process of software design, we find that, following the invention of compilers almost fifty years ago, the use of computer-based automation has made little difference in the lives and methods of the vast majority of software developers. This is not due to lack of opportunity - software is an eminently flexible medium limited mostly by imagination - but mostly due to often unrecognized social and cultural factors. In this talk, we first examine the history of the use of computer-based automation in software development and speculate on the reasons why the software development community has spurned the opportunities that it offers. Next, we identify the scope of opportunities offered by current computer-based technology and what could be done to exploit this potential to its fullest.
B73-8 Systems Programming
Authors: B. W. Kernighan
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1973)

This book is a major addition to the well-known McGraw-Hill Computer Science Series. Systems Programming, as viewed by the author, encompasses a vast array of programming areas, as can be seen from the chapter titles: Chapter 1: Background; Chapter 2: Machine Structure and Machine Language and Assembly Language; Chapter 3: Assemblers; Chapter 4: Macro Language and the Macro Processor; Chapter 5: Loaders; Chapter 6: Programming Languages; Chapter 7: Formal Systems and Programming Languages; Chapter 8: Compilers; Chapter 9: Operating Systems; and Chapter 10: Bibliography.