ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An Improved MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bichong Hou, Gang Zhu
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

Statistic high efficient-distributed energy-aware node activation protocol (SHE-DEANA) mentioned in this paper is improved from DEANA protocol, which based on the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) principle in reserving energy and raising efficiency. In the proposed protocol a sensor utilizes its assigned slot only when it is sending or receiving information, otherwise its receiver and transmitter are turned into stand-by mode to avoid unnecessary neighbor listening and power consumption. The sensor nodes are divided into several sub-areas, and the presented protocol adapt to the networks which are moderate in density and light in burden. Every node should be assigned different transmission slot so as to meet the needs of data communication. Simulation indicates that using this scheme can reduce power consumption. ( up to 96%)
GlobalWatch: A Distributed Service Grid Monitoring Platform with High Flexibility and Usability
Authors: Sheng Di, Hai Jin, Shengli Li, Ling Chen, Chengwei Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Services Computing (2006)

GlobalWatch is a distributed platform to monitor various resources of grid platforms so as to improve the flexibility and usability of grid systems. In order to enhance the flexibility, we make improvements from three aspects. 1) We take advantage of both centralized and decentralized methods in the architecture and adopt a loosely coupled architecture to get monitored data; 2) We integrate GlobalWatch with VO (Virtual Organization) concept so as to make it compatible with grid circumstances. 3) We design a XML format to make GlobalWatch flexible for users to submit and receive information. In order to enhance the usability, we not only integrate various functions into GlobalWatch client application, but also make the visual effect better than some other monitoring platforms. At last, we conclude from the experimental result that monitored nodes in GlobalWatch are indeed loosely coupled and the transmission of map data is the main bottleneck in server end.
A Neural Network Based Electrical Loss Prediction of Bare Overhead ACSR Conductors
Authors: Fang Liu, Raymond D. Findlay, Qiang Song
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

Due to the current resource crisis, reliable electrical loss analysis and prediction attract more attention than ever for efficient power system management. This paper successfully predicts the electrical loss of ACSR with actual daily load variations using an accurate and effective neural network model, which is validated by visual comparison and strict statistical criterion. Since electrical loss for ACSR is closely related with ac resistance, case study is performed on a typical ACSR to investigate and simulate its ac resistance properties.
A behavioral approach to worm detection
Authors: Paul Ammann
Venue:  (2006)

This dissertation presents a novel approach to the automatic detection of worms using behavioral signatures. A behavioral signature describes aspects of any worm's behavior that are common across manifestations of the worm and that span its nodes in temporal order. Characteristic patterns of worm behaviors in network traffic include (1) engaging in similar network behaviors from one target machine to the next, (2) tree-like propagation, and (3) changing a server into a client. These behavioral signatures are presented within the context of a general worm model. The most significant contribution of this dissertation is the demonstration that an accurate and fast worm detection system can be built using the above patterns. Further, I show that the class of worms detectable using these patterns exceeds what has been claimed in the literature and covers a significant portion of the classes of worms. Another contribution is the introduction of a novel paradigm---Network Application Architecture (NAA), which concerns possible ways to distribute network application functionality across a network. Three NAAs are discussed. As an NAA becomes more constrained, worm detection gets easier. It is shown that for some NAAs certain classes of worms can be detected with only one packet. The third significant contribution of this dissertation is the capability to evaluate worm detection systems in an operational environment. This capability can be used by other researchers to evaluate their own or others' worm detection systems. The claim is that the capability can emulate practically all worms and that it can do so safely, even in an operational enterprise environment.
Optimization of SIP Session Setup Delay for VoIP in 3G Wireless Networks
Authors: Hanane Fathi, Shyam S. Chakraborty, Ramjee Prasad
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2006)

Wireless networks beyond 2G aim at supporting real-time applications such as VoIP. Before a user can start a VoIP session, the end-user terminal has to establish the session using signaling protocols such as H.323 and session initiation protocol (SIP) in order to negotiate media parameters. The time interval to perform the session setup is called the session setup time. It can be affected by the quality of the wireless link, measured in terms of frame error rate (FER), which can result in retransmissions of packets lost and can lengthen the session setup time. Therefore, such protocols should have a session setup time optimized against loss. One way to do so is by choosing the appropriate retransmission timer and the underlying protocols. In this paper, we focus on SIP session setup delay and propose optimizing it using an adaptive retransmission timer. We also evaluate SIP session setup performances with various underlying protocols (transport control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), radio link protocols (RLPs)) as a function of the FER. For 19.2 Kbps channel, the SIP session setup time can be up to 6.12s with UDP and 7s with TCP when the FER is up to 10 percent. The use of RLP (1, 2, 3) and RLP (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) puts the session setup time down to 3.4s under UDP and 4s under TCP for the same FER and the same channel bandwidth. We also compare SIP and H.323 performances using an adaptive retransmission timer: SIP outperforms H.323, especially for a FER higher than 2 percent.
Affective Computation Based NPC Behaviors Modeling
Authors: Chang-Neng Zhou, Xue-Li Yu, Jing-Yu Sun, Xiao-Lin Yan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

In AI (Artificial Intelligence) game, authentic behaviors of NPC (Non-Player Character) are great challenges to NPC intelligence. Emotions help to enhance the quality and intelligence of behaviors, contribute to increase entertainment value of game. In this paper, we describe several common emotional behaviors of NPC and construct a simple emotion-behavior model for emotion transition. The model was simulated in our developing project.
Integrating Face and Gait for Human Recognition
Authors: Xiaoli Zhou, Bir Bhanu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

This paper introduces a new video based recognition method to recognize non-cooperating individuals at a distance in video, who expose side views to the camera. Information from two biometric sources, side face and gait, is utilized and integrated for recognition. For side face, we construct Enhanced Side Face Image (ESFI), a higher resolution image compared with the image directly obtained from a single video frame, to fuse information of face from multiple video frames. For gait, we use Gait Energy Image (GEI), a spatio-temporal compact representation of gait in video, to characterize human walking properties. The features of face and the features of gait are obtained separately using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) combined method from ESFI and GEI, respectively. They are then integrated at match score level. Our approach is tested on a database of video sequences corresponding to 46 people. The different fusion methods are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that (a) Integrated information from side face and gait is effective for human recognition in video; (b) The idea of constructing ESFI from multiple frames is promising for human recognition in video and better face features are extracted from ESFI compared to those from original face images.
Mutual Segmentation with Level Sets
Authors: Tammy Riklin-Raviv, Nir Sochen, Nahum Kiryati
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

We suggest a novel variational approach for mutual segmentation of two images of the same object. The images are taken from different views, related by projective transformation. Each of the two images may not provide sufficient information for correct object-background delineation. The emerging segmentation of the object in each view provides a dynamic prior for the segmentation of the other image. The foundation of the proposed method is a unified level-set framework for region and edge based segmentation, associated with a shape similarity term. The dissimilarity between the two shape representations accounts for excess or deficient parts and is invariant to planar projective transformation. The suggested algorithm extracts the object in both images, correctly recovers its boundaries, and determines the homography between the two object views.
Temporal Modulation of Spatial Tactile Extinction in Right-Brain-Damaged Patients
Authors: Chiara Guerrini, Giovanni Berlucchi, Emanuela Bricolo, Salvatore M. Aglioti
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

Unilateral and bilateral electrotactile stimuli were delivered to both hands of 11 right-brain-damaged (RBD) patients with left tactile extinction and 20 healthy subjects. Bimanual stimuli could be presented simultaneously or with varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Subjects indicated their detection of unilateral or bilateral stimuli, their judgements of whether stimuli were simultaneous or successive, and, in the latter case, which side came first. In RBD patients, extinction was maximal with simultaneous presentations and decreased as SOA increased. With short SOAs, omissions of left-sided stimuli occurred with both right-side and left-side stimulus precedence, suggesting a forward and backward interference of the right stimulus on the processing of the left stimulus within a time window of at least 100 msec. In contrast, there was no interference of the left stimulus on the detection of the right stimulus. Unlike controls, extinction patients rarely expressed simultaneity judgements, but those that were produced tended to be veridical or nearly so, like in normal controls. Whereas controls expressed generally accurate judgements of right or left precedence, patients showed a bias toward a right precedence and a maximal uncertainty between left-first and right-first choices when the left stimulus had a lead between 100 and 200 msec. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, as in other sensory modalities, tactile extinction is associated with an abnormal persistent bias of attention toward the ipsilesional side that delays the processing of contralesional stimuli. However, the finding that both extinction and explicit judgements of simultaneity tended to occur with simultaneous bilateral stimuli suggest the presence of some residual neural capacity to detect precise temporal coincidence.
An efficient VLSI architecture for motion compensation of AVS HDTV decoder
Authors: Jun-Hao Zheng, Lei Deng, Peng Zhang, Don Xie
Venue: Journal of Computer Science and Technology (2006)

In the part 2 of advanced Audio Video coding Standard (AVS-P2), many efficient coding tools are adopted in motion compensation, such as new motion vector prediction, symmetric matching, quarter precision interpolation, etc. However, these new features enormously increase the computational complexity and the memory bandwidth requirement, which make motion compensation a difficult component in the implementation of the AVS HDTV decoder. This paper proposes an efficient motion compensation architecture for AVS-P2 video standard up to the Level 6.2 of the Jizhun Profile. It has a macroblock-level pipelined structure which consists of MV predictor unit, reference fetch unit and pixel interpolation unit. The proposed architecture exploits the parallelism in the AVS motion compensation algorithm to accelerate the speed of operations and uses the dedicated design to optimize the memory access. And it has been integrated in a prototype chip which is fabricated with TSMC 0.18-µm CMOS technology, and the experimental results show that this architecture can achieve the real time AVS-P2 decoding for the HDTV 1080i (1920 × 1088 4 : 2 : 0 60field/s) video. The efficient design can work at the frequency of 148.5MHz and the total gate count is about 225K.
Liquid Architectures: Marcos Novak's Territory of Information
Authors: Camile A. Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

The contemporary idea for interaction has embraced new understandings of the content of experience and the structure of space. New electronic technologies and advanced digital media have separated realities from the realm of the body and transformed experiences into ubiquitous events. The architectural discourse, once largely a discourse of form and style, has overcome these limitations and encountered, in territories of information, the product of a new way of thinking. Marcos Novak emerges in this context of multimedia as an innovative creator whose "liquid architectures" represent a break with the traditional discourse of physicality. His creations
Schematic Maps as an Alternative to Point Coverages When Topographic Maps are not Available
Authors: Elissavet Pontikakis, Florian Twaroch
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Information Visualization (2006)

This paper describes the visualization methods of point related spatial information used in geo-portals for tourism and recreation. We examine the issue of visualization of points of interest when base topographic maps are not available. We compare the schematic map approach to point coverages. In our hypothesis, we suggest that the schematic map approach offers the best alternatives for assisting the tourist in taking decisions during the planning phase of an excursion when detailed topographic map information is not available. We use algebraic operations to evaluate the visualization approaches.
Implementation Issues in Turbo Decoding for 3GPP FDD Receiver
Authors: Mohamadreza Marandian Hagh, Masoud Salehi, Abhay Sharma, Zoran Zvonar
Venue: Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal (2006)

In the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard, implementation of the turbo decoder, especially for the mobile equipments, faces design decisions related to computational complexity, power efficiency, and memory requirements. In this paper we compare different approaches of low complexity implementation of the turbo decoder, with emphasis on the issues of signal scaling and quantization, the sliding window operation for memory size reduction and the iteration stopping algorithms. The demodulated signal at the output of the RAKE receiver may have a wide dynamic range and it may require many bits of precision. In order to overcome the numerical precision problem and to prevent Log Likelihood ratio (LLR) metric overflow, a scaling algorithm must be used. Our simulation results indicate that the Average Absolute (AA) algorithm using dynamic scaling outperforms other scaling schemes and it is less sensitive to the channel conditions. One of the major challenges in the implementation of a practical turbo decoder is optimization of memory requirements. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the sliding window algorithm using different main and guard window sizes. We show that the bit and block error rate performance of the sliding window scheme mainly depend on the guard window size rather than the main window size. The simulation results indicate that small guard window sizes can significantly decrease the iteration gain for large frames in fast fading channels. Iteration stopping algorithms reduce the power consumption and the latency of the decoder and help to dedicate more resources to other functions of the receiver. The block error distribution in the fading channels makes it even more essential to use an iteration stopping rule. Our simulations conclude that a rule called the minimum absolute value appears to be a very effective, low complexity and robust algorithm.
A Stopping Criterion for Logarithmic Simulated Annealing
Authors: Andreas A. Albrecht
Venue: Computing (2006)

We perform a convergence analysis of simulated annealing-based search for the special case of logarithmic cooling schedules. Emphasis is put on the impact of structural parameters of the underlying configuration space on the number of transitions k&#x2265;L that is sufficient to achieve a certain probability (confidence 1&#x2212;&#x03b4;) of being in an optimum configuration. Since such a lower bound L of the transition number depends on some constants that are difficult to calculate, we evaluate a much simplified version L'&#x226a;L of the lower bound for the problem of finding short conjunctions representing a ``positive'' Boolean vector and rejecting a set of ``negative'' Boolean vectors. The evaluation is based on computational experiments where the frequency of occurrences of configurations is calculated for simulated annealing-based search that terminates after L' transitions. The experiments produce a good correspondence between frequencies of minimum configurations and the required confidence 1&#x2212;&#x03b4;, i.e., our study provides empirical evidence that the relation of basic parameters in the lower bound L, if calculated for small constants assigned to the parameters and thus resulting in L', can be used as a termination criterion in simulated annealing-based search.
Localization of Executive Functions in Dual-Task Performance with fMRI
Authors: André J. Szameitat, Torsten Schubert, Karsten Müller, D. Yves Von Cramon
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2002)

We report a study that investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of executive functions in dual-task performance with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants performed an auditory and a visual three-choice reaction task either separately as single tasks or concurrently as dual tasks. In the dual-task condition, two stimuli were presented in rapid succession to ensure interference between the component tasks (psychological refractory period). The behavioral data showed considerable performance decrements in the dual-task compared to the single-task condition. Dual-task-related activation was detected with two different neuroimaging methods. First, we determined dual-task-related activation according to the method of cognitive subtraction. For that purpose, activation in the dual-task was compared directly with activation in the single-task conditions. This analysis revealed that cortical areas along the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS), the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are involved in dual-task performance. The results of the subtraction method were validated with the method of parametric manipulation. For this purpose, a second dual-task condition was introduced, where the difficulty of the dual-task coordination was increased compared with the first dual-task condition. As expected, behavioral dual-task performance decreased with increased dual-task difficulty. Furthermore, the increased dual-task difficulty led to an increase of activation in those cortical regions that proved to be dual-task related with the subtraction method, that is, the IFS, the MFG, and the IPS. These results support the conclusion that dorsolateral prefrontal and superior parietal cortices are involved in the coordination of concurrent and interfering task processing.
Adaptive Data Fusion Structure
Authors: Pooyan Khajehpour Tadavani, Behzad Moshiri, Babak N. Araabi
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

Lack of sufficient flexibility to deal with actual noisy data in data fusion methods is the main concern in this paper. This deficiency comes from two major reasons. Firstly, in fusion methods, all of the collected data are considered useful. Secondly, often some presumed sensor models are used in the fusion process, which do not necessarily match to the true models. As a general solution to address the aforementioned shortcomings, a novel Adaptive Data Fusion Structure (ADFS) is proposed. In ADFS, incorrect data are eliminated; then the remainders are fused, and finally the sensor models are learned by using the final fusion results as internal feedbacks. In particular, as more misleading data are eliminated, more accurate sensor models emerge. By employing ADFS to localize a simulated mobile robot in a highly noisy environment, the results prove its superiority, especially compared to the conventional entropy based methods of localization.
The design of guided learner-adaptable scaffolding in interactive learning environments
Authors: Shari L. Jackson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

In the field of Human-Computer Interaction, a new methodology has been proposed for learner-centered design (LCD) of software, to address the needs of a population of users who are also learners [Soloway et al. 1994]. An emphasis is the design of interactive learning environments as "cognitive tools"---tools that support constructive tasks, and foster learners' development of higher-order skills and strategies [Lajoie 1993, Jonassen 1995]. For example, computer-based dynamic modeling has been recognized as an educational activity that promotes such cognitive activities as system analysis, cause-and-effect relational reasoning, and generating and testing hypotheses about scientific phenomena [Hestenes 1992, Tinker 1990]. The problem for LCD is how to design tools that support these activities, and that also promote the mastery of the associated cognitive skills and strategies, so that the support will eventually be unnecessary.
A network model for blind source extraction in various ill-conditioned cases
Authors: Yuanqing Li, Jun Wang
Venue: Neural Networks (2005)

This paper discusses blind source extraction in various ill-conditioned cases based on a simple extraction network model. Extractability is first analyzed for the following ill-conditioned cases: the mixing matrix is square but singular, the number of sensors is smaller than that of sources, the number of sensors is larger than that of sources but the column rank of mixing matrix is deficient, and the number of sources is unknown and the column rank of mixing matrix is deficient. A necessary and sufficient condition for extractability is obtained. A cost function and an unsupervised learning algorithm for the extraction network model are developed. Simulation results are also presented to show the validity of the theoretical results and the performance and characteristics of the learning algorithm.