ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Discriminative training for large vocabulary telephone-based name recognition
Authors: E. McDermott
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

This paper describes progress on a commercial application of the MECS recognition system to the task of recognizing Japanese family names spoken by customers into the answering machines of a large marketing/human resource company. The task is thus speaker-independent, open vocabulary, and is characterized by large variation in caller speaking styles, telephone types and acoustic environments. Our results show that context-independent hidden Markov models trained discriminatively with the minimum classification error criterion are a practical alternative to context-dependent models based on phonetic decision trees, yielding better performance with a much smaller number of parameters. On this difficult task we have obtained 59% correct family name recognition. A phoneme-based confidence measure enables us to obtain 85% correct name recognition for accepted utterances, at an overall utterance acceptance rate of 15%.
Design and performance of an object-oriented framework for high-speed electronic medical imaging
Authors: Irfan Pyarali, Timothy H. Harrison, Douglas C. Schmidt
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies (COOTS) - Volume 2 (1996)

This paper describes the design and performance of an object-oriented communication framework being developed by the Health Imaging division of Eastman Kodak and the Electronic Radiology Laboratory at Washington University School of Medicine. The framework is designed to meet the demands of next-generation electronic medical imaging systems, which must transfer extremely large quantities of data efficiently and flexibly in a distributed environment. A novel aspect of this framework is its seamless integration of flexible high-level CORBA distributed object computing middleware with efficient low-level socket network programming mechanisms. In the paper, we outline the design goals and software architecture of our framework, describe how we resolved design challenges, and illustrate the performance of the framework over high-speed ATM networks.
Source Code Analysis: A Road Map
Authors: David Binkley
Venue: 2007 Future of Software Engineering (2007)

The automated and semi-automated analysis of source code has remained a topic of intense research for more than thirty years. During this period, algorithms and techniques for source-code analysis have changed, sometimes dramatically. The abilities of the tools that implement them have also expanded to meet new and diverse challenges. This paper surveys current work on source-code analysis. It also provides a road map for future work over the next five-year period and speculates on the development of source-code analysis applications, techniques, and challenges over the next 10, 20, and 50 years.
Theory and applications of adaptive second order IIR Volterra filters
Authors: E. Roy
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (1996)

An adaptive nonlinear filter based on a second order Volterra series and on an IIR filter structure is presented. This filter is able to model higher than second order nonlinearities for systems where the nonlinearities are harmonically related. This solution represents an alternative to using higher than second order Volterra filters. We present a full derivation of this gradient search based adaptive nonlinear filter and also highlight the various assumptions and simplifications which require to be made in order to produce a practical algorithm. A comparison is made in terms of the performance and computational complexity between an adaptive second order IIR Volterra filter and an adaptive second and third order Volterra filters.
Relationships between total domination, order, size, and maximum degree of graphs
Authors: Anders Yeo
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (2007)

A total dominating set, S, in a graph, G, has the property that every vertex in G is adjacent to a vertex in S. The total dominating number, &gamma;t(G) of a graph G is the size of a minimum total dominating set in G. Let G be a graph with no component of size one or two and with &Delta;(G) &ge; 3. In [6], it was shown that |E(G)| &le; &Delta;(G) (|V(G)|&ndash;&gamma;t(G)) and conjectured that |E(G)| &le; (&Delta;(G)+3) (|V(G)|&ndash;&gamma;t(G))&sol;2 holds. In this article, we prove that $\leq (\Delta(G)+ 2\sqrt{\Delta}) (|V(G)| - \gamma_{t}(G))/2$ holds and that the above conjecture is false as there for every &Delta; exist &Delta;-regular bipartite graphs G with |E(G)| &ge; (&Delta;+0.1 ln(&Delta;)) (|V(G)|&ndash;&gamma;t(G))&sol;2. The last result also disproves a conjecture on domination numbers from [8]. &copy; 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 325&ndash;337, 2007
A filterbank structure for voice-band PCM channel pre-equalization
Authors: N. S. Alagha
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

A non-maximally decimated filterbank structure for pre-equalizing channels with intersymbol interference (ISI) is investigated. The impulse response of the channel is assumed to be known at the transmitter. Compared with the classical Tomlinson-Harashima (1971) precoding technique, the proposed pre-equalizer compensates for the channel without increasing the number of the received signal levels (channel alphabet). The proposed technique does not require the channel to be minimum-phase. The filterbank structure adds redundancy to the input signal to compensate for the channel ISI while keeping the transmitted power bounded. The proposed pre-equalization is particularly useful for data transmission over voice-band PCM channels. The upstream PCM channel is bandlimited, causing severe ISI at the output of the front-end receiver filter. By using the pre-equalizer at the transmitter, channel ISI can be mitigated.
Median filtering-based pyramidal motion vector estimation
Authors: Jinwen Zan
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

A median filtering-based hierarchical motion vector estimation scheme making use of a pyramidal data structure is proposed. Compared to the conventional hierarchical motion vector estimation schemes, the proposed scheme overcomes the problem of propagation of false motion vectors across resolutions. Simulation studies show that the proposed scheme not only improves the prediction accuracy with respect to the prediction mean square error, but also results in a smoother motion field, which can be encoded with less number of coding bits. It is shown that an improvement in the rate distortion performance is achieved with little increase in the computational complexity. It is also shown that Burt and Adelson's (1983) pyramidal data structure provides the best performance among a number of the generating kernels considered in our study.
A robust Kalman filter design for image restoration
Authors: T. Nguyen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

In image deconvolution or restoration using a Kalman filter, the image and blur models are required to be known for the restoration process. Generally, the accuracy of the restoration depends on the accuracy of the given models. Unfortunately, the image and blur models are normally unknown in practice. To solve the problem, an identification stage is employed to estimate the image and blur models. However, the estimated models are seldom accurate, especially with the presence of noise in the image. This paper presents a robust Kalman filter design for image deconvolution that can accommodate the inaccuracy in the estimated image and blur models. If the inaccuracy can be modelled as additive white Gaussian noise with a known variance, it can be stochastically accounted for in the robust filter design. In the simulation tests performed, the robust design achieved improved accuracy in the image restoration, even though inaccurate image and blur models were used.
Supply Voltage Noise Aware ATPG for Transition Delay Faults
Authors: Nisar Ahmed, Mohammad Tehranipoor, Vinay Jayaram
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE VLSI Test Symmposium (2007)

The sensitivity of very deep submicron designs to supply voltage noise is increasing due to higher path delay variations and reduced noise margins with supply noise scaling. The supply noise of delay test during at-speed launch and capture is significantly larger compared to normal circuit operation since larger number of transitions occur within a short time frame. Our simulations have shown that for identical switching activity, a pattern with a short switching time frame window will surge more current from the power network, thereby causing higher IR-drop. In this paper, we propose a novel method to measure the average power of at-speed test patterns, referred to as switching cycle average power (SCAP).We present a case study of the IR-drop effects on design performance during at-speed test. A new practical framework is proposed to generate supply noise tolerant delay test patterns. The proposed framework uses existing commercial ATPG tools and a wrapper is added around them. The results demonstrate that the new patterns generated using our framework will significantly reduce the supply noise.
High performance algorithms for MPEG motion estimation
Authors: E. Linzer
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

We propose two high performance algorithms for motion estimation searching. The first algorithm express minimum mean square error motion estimation in terms of a cross-correlation computation; this approach reduces the number of multiply-adds needed by almost factor of two, with further improvement possible when fast cross-correlation algorithms are used. In the second algorithm we express the motion estimation computation in a form similar to the matrix-matrix multiplication computation. We propose an efficient algorithm for this computation. The algorithm exploits the memory hierarchy of the target processor and gives optimal performance for this formulation. In certain cases, both approaches can be used simultaneously.
Active Objects Based Application over Grid Environment
Authors: Rares Barbantan, Dorian Gorgan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

This paper presents the implementation of a theoretical model intended for the simulation and presentation of real world systems. The proposed model is the Active Objects Model due to its flexibility and extendibility. Its structure offers the possibility of accurately representing real objects with structure and behavior. Due to the high computing requirements of the model, this paper focuses on the implementation on a distributed environment, more specifically on a grid network.
Search and track coordination in multi-ship multi-radar systems using schedulability envelope
Authors: Phil-Su Kang, Chang-Gun Lee
Venue: Real-Time Systems (2007)

This paper addresses the search and track coordination problems of multiple shipboard radars. The proposed approach first exploits the physical characteristics of a single phased array radar to improve its effective capacity. Its effective capacity is abstracted by a closed-form equation called a schedulability envelope. Using the schedulability envelope for each radar, we deal with search and track coordination as a relative-load-balancing problem in a multi-resource environment. The simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the overall capacity of a multi-ship multi-radar system.
An adaptive phase equalizer for reducing timing jitter due to acoustic effect
Authors: T. Adali
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

The main source of errors for solitons when propagating in optical fibers is the timing jitter. The acoustic effect, unlike other sources of timing jitter such as the Gordon-Haus effect and the polarization effect that are stochastic in nature, is deterministic and is a source of intersymbol interference (ISI). We introduce an adaptive phase equalizer to compensate for the acoustically induced timing jitter (AITJ). We show that the equalizer can be trained in a "semi-blind" fashion by controlling the probability of "1"s in the transmitted sequence and can successfully decrease the AITJ. We demonstrate application of the scheme by simulations and discuss implementation issues.
Network-aware mobile programs
Authors: M. Ranganathan, Anurag Acharya, Shamik D. Sharma, Joel Saltz
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (1997)

In this paper, we investigate network-aware mobile programs, programs that can use mobility as a tool to adapt to variations in network characteristics. We present infrastructural support for mobility and network monitoring and show how adaptalk, a Java-based mobile Internet chat application, can take advantage of this support to dynamically place the chat server so as to minimize response time. Our conclusion was that on-line network monitoring and adaptive placement of shared data-structures can significantly improve performance of distributed applications on the Internet.
Effects of ICT: Do we know what we should know?
Authors: Margaret J. Cox, Gail Marshall
Venue: Education and Information Technologies (2007)

Many decades after the introduction of ICT into classrooms there are still unanswered questions about the impact of technology in the long and short term on students' learning, and how it has affected simple and complex learning tasks. These are important for (a) forming government policies; (b) directing teacher education programmes: (c) advancing national curricula; (d); designing or reforming classroom implementation and (e) analysing costs and benefits. While a plethora of studies has been conducted on the effects of ICT in education, major policy and methodological problems have precluded an unambiguous answer to such questions as:--"Does the way in which ICT is implemented have a major/minor impact on students' knowledge and understanding?" and "Does the impact affect the surface or deep structure of students' thinking and acting?" To date we have had no large-scale longitudinal studies of ICT's impact in education such as we have in the form of studies of earlier major curriculum development projects. Nor have we had many comprehensive studies of the complex interactions between various types of ICT implementation and the effects of other factors such as school-based interventions, socio-economic status and school expenditures which have been shown to have a greater impact on education compared with other previous innovations in education. Furthermore we do not know if previous research studies have used research methods that matched learning objectives to instruments/procedures. Many previous studies are vague as to the actual measures used but we can infer that standardized tests were a frequent measure. In other instances, ad hoc analyses, with criteria that may have varied from analyst to analyst and were not "blind" analyses were certainly used to measure "success." All of these limitations and uncertainties and many more point to the need for a thorough, rigorous, and multifaceted approach to analysing the impact of ICT on students' learning. This paper draws on previous research evidence to identify relevant research strategies to address the gaps in our knowledge about ICT and students' learning explained above.
Grid_JQA: A QoS Guided Scheduling Algorithm for Grid Computing
Authors: Leili Mohammad Khanli, M. Analoui
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (2007)

The Grid is an emerging technology for enabling resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in dynamic multi-institutional virtual organizations. The resource matching problem in the Grid involves assigning resources to tasks in order to satisfy task requirements and resource policies. This contribution presents algorithms, methods, and software for a Grid resource manager, responsible for resource brokering and scheduling in Grids. The broker selects computing resources based on actual job requirements and a number of criteria identifying the available resources, with the aim to minimize the turnaround time for the individual application. In pervious work, we proposed Grid-JQA [8] [9]. In this work we propose an aggregation formula for the QoS parameters. The formula is a unit less combination of the parameters together with weighting factors. It is shown that the formula needs to put into a threshold consideration. A discussion on the threshold and its level is also provided. The paper introduces an optimum but not practical solution for matching. The optimum method is considered for comparing other practical solutions. Main features of the resource manager include resource selection based on active database rules and environmental conditions and a basic adaptation facility. The paper is finalized by the results obtained from simulation and a comparison study.
Hybrid Communication Infrastructure and Social Implications for Disaster Management
Authors: Raheleh B. Dilmaghani, Ramesh R. Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Communication technology has specific requirements within the context of emergency response applications: reliability, robustness, interoperability, and minimum interdependencies. This paper presents a set of technical and sociological factors that need to be considered within the application of future communication technology in emergency planning, response, and recovery. We have deployed a wireless Ad hoc mesh network in several drills on the UCSD campus and throughout San Diego County, and here we present the results directly extracted from measurements taken over the network. The measurements show the aspects of the network that need to be improved for better performance and more efficient network resource usage. Finally, we highlight some privacy and security concerns that need to be addressed in specific scenarios.
Informed Recommender: Basing Recommendations on Consumer Product Reviews
Authors: Silvana Aciar, Debbie Zhang, Simeon Simoff, John Debenham
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

Consumer reviews, opinions, and shared experiences in using a product are a powerful source of information that recommender systems can use. Despite the importance and value of such information, no comprehensive mechanism formalizes the opinions' selection, retrieval, and use owing to the difficulty of extracting information from text data. A new recommender system prioritizes consumer product reviews on the basis of the reviewer's level of expertise in using a product. The system uses text mining techniques to map each piece of each review comment into an ontology. Using consumer reviews also helps solve the cold-start problem that plagues traditional approaches. This article is part of a special issue on Recommender Systems.
Searching for close alternative plans
Authors: Ariel Felner, Roni Stern, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein, Alex Pomeransky
Venue: Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (2007)

Consider the situation where an intelligent agent accepts as input a complete plan, i.e., a sequence of states (or operators) that should be followed in order to achieve a goal. For some reason, the given plan cannot be implemented by the agent, who then goes about trying to find an alternative plan that is as close as possible to the original. To achieve this, a search algorithm that will find similar alternative plans is required, as well as some sort of comparison function that will determine which alternative plan is closest to the original. In this paper, we define a number of distance metrics between plans, and characterize these functions and their respective attributes and advantages. We then develop a general algorithm based on best-first search that helps an agent efficiently find the most suitable alternative plan. We also propose a number of heuristics for the cost function of this best-first search algorithm. To explore the generality of our idea, we provide three different problem domains where our approach is applicable: physical roadmap path finding, the blocks world, and task scheduling. Experimental results on these various domains support the efficiency of our algorithm for finding close alternative plans.
Non-Gaussian mixture models for detection and estimation in heavy-tailed noise
Authors: A. Swami
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

Scale mixtures of the Gaussian have been used to approximate the PDF of symmetric alpha stable processes. Such mixtures, however, cannot easily capture the heavy-tails. We propose to use Cauchy-Gaussian mixtures which are natural in this setting. Variations of standard EM algorithms can be used to estimate the parameters of the noise PDFs under various scenarios (noise-only data, weak-signal assumption, partially known-signal case). The fitted mixture models can be used for detection and estimation. In the multivariate case, we present several results on Gaussian mixture approximations of sub-Gaussian PDFs, including robust estimation of the underlying correlation matrix.
Flexibility-oriented design methodology for reconfigurable &Delta;&Sigma; modulators
Authors: Pengbo Sun, Ying Wei, Alex Doboli
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

This paper presents a systematic methodology for producing reconfigurable &Delta;&Sigma; modulator topologies with optimized flexibility in meeting variable performance specifications. To increase their flexibility, topologies are optimized for performance attributes pertaining to ranges of values rather than being single values. Topologies are implemented on switched-capacitor reconfigurable mixed-signal architectures. As the number of configurable blocks is very small, it is extremely important that the topologies use as few blocks as possible. A case study illustrates the methodology for specifications from telecommunications area.
Centralized use of laboratory equipment for engineering education at SUT
Authors: V. Mangclaviraj, S. Sujitjorn, A. Intrachun
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, on 1995. Proceedings., 1995 - Volume 02 (1995)

Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) is a newly established state university in Thailand. It is aimed at being the first fully autonomous one in the country. SUT's management principle of centralized and shared responsibilities is implemented at the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment (CSTE), such that centralized utilization of laboratory equipment can be achieved. This paper describes the organizational arrangement of the center and its management of laboratories for engineering education. Finally, a manufacturing process laboratory set up for 750 engineering students, and a fundamental electrical engineering laboratory set up for 500 non-electrical engineering students are exemplified, with managerial aspects emphasized.