ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The ideal science student and problem solving
Authors: Florence R. Sullivan, Xiaodong Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

We examined the nature of students' social mental models of the ideal science student, whether or not these models vary with student ethnicity, and the relationship of these models to problem solving strategies used, and problem solving ability in a robotics challenge. Participants were twenty-six, academically advanced, eleven and twelve year olds. Two social mental models were identified, a traits-based model and a robust model. While models do not appear to vary with ethnicity, a significant association was found between model group and strategy usage (p = .032). In addition, the robust group achieved higher scores on their final solution than the traits-based group (p = .03). The robust group made excellent use of the tools in the environment to solve the problem. The traits-based group did not. The robust group evidenced an environmental view of learning. The traits-based group displayed a mental representations view of learning.Problem solving has been identified as an important aspect of student learning in science and technology and in the development of scientific literacy (National Research Council, 1996). Social factors, such as student beliefs about what it means to be an ideal student and their implicit theories of personality appear to influence student academic activity, problem solving approaches, and achievement (Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Hogan, 1998; Lunenberg & Vollman, 1999). However, these social factors have not been a focus of science education research (Patrick & Yoon, 2004). Indeed, many investigations of student problem-solving in science focus on either cognitive factors (e.g., Chang, C. Y., 2002; Dhillon, 1998; Reid, N. 2002;), or on students' science epistemological beliefs (e.g., Hammer, 1995; Lin & Chiu, 2004). Consequently, we know little about the specific relationship of social factors to student problem solving activity and achievement in science. The purpose of this study is to address this lack of knowledge by examining the relationship of middle school students' social mental models of the ideal science student to their problem solving activity and achievement in a robotics environment.
Experiments comparing face-to-face with virtual collaborative learning
Authors: Randall B. Smith, Michael J. Sipusic, Robert L. Pannoni
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning (1999)

We report on set of studies conducted over two years involving over 1000 students at two universities. The main study compares three conditions: conventional classroom lecture, a face-to-face collaborative learning technique called Tutored Video Instruction (TVI), and the virtual-world counterpart of TVI, Distributed Tutored Video Instruction (DTVI). The main study involved over 700 students in 6 courses. When using final course grade as an outcome measure, it has been previously established that TVI students outperform lecture students. Therefore the comparison of interest for us is between DTVI and TVI: would the audio and video technology used to support a distributed group enable DTVI students to achieve the higher grades attainable in TVI? We found no statistical difference between the grades of the DTVI and TVI students, and both groups outperformed the lecture students.We also summarize extensive interaction process data and survey data, then report on some more informal studies assessing the usability and effectiveness of an "Enhanced DTVI" system, in which distributed students can not only see and talk over digital networked media, but can take notes together in real time.
Sampling and pooling of decision-relevant information: comparing the efficiency of face-to-face and GSS supported groups
Authors: Ashraf I. Shirani
Venue: Information and Management (2006)

Past research has suggested that decision-making groups, when communicating face-to-face (FtF), suffered from information sharing biases that affected the quality of the final decision: they tended to discuss previously-shared information before they started to discuss information not known to all, and discussed more of previously-shared than unshared information. In our study we examined these effects in groups that interacted FtF or using a group support system (GSS). Four-member groups discussed a requirements elicitation task in which some requirements were known to all members before starting their discussion, while other requirements were known only to two members of the group. Both GSS and FtF groups exchanged a large percentage of the shared requirements. However, the GSS groups were more effective in communicating unshared requirements. On average, FtF groups discussed shared requirements sooner and unshared requirements later than did GSS groups. Our study also compared empirical results with predictions from an information-sampling model of group discussion in order to assess the effectiveness of the model in computer-mediated group communication.
Location privacy in wireless personal area networks
Authors: Dave Singelée, Bart Preneel
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Wireless security (2006)

Location privacy is one of the major security problems in a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). By eavesdropping on the transmitted packets, an attacker can keep track of the place and time of the communication between the mobile devices. The hardware address of the device can often be linked to the identity of the user operating the mobile device; this represents a violation of the user's privacy. Fortunately, this problem can be solved quite efficiently in a WPAN. We consider four communication scenarios and present several techniques to solve the location privacy problem in each of these scenarios. As mobile devices in a WPAN are typically operated by a user and energy constrained, we focused on user-friendliness and energy consumption during the design of our solutions.
High Squint SAR Processing Using Modified Extended Chirp Scaling
Authors: Duan Shizhong, Li Junxian
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 2 (2006)

This paper proposes a novel approach for high squint missile borne SAR raw data processing using a modified extended chirp scaling algorithm to accommodate the condition of high squint and short wave wavelength. Compared with the tradition synthesis aperture radar (SAR), the missile borne SAR has important characteristics including high flight speed, non-straight movement with non-constant velocity and big squint angle, which forward a greater requirement for real time performance, precision of the motion compensation. According to the motion of the missile and target, the modified extended chirp scaling algorithm is designed and the simulations demonstrate the validity.
Human computer interaction methods for electronic flight bag envisionment and design
Authors: Joan Cahill, Nick Mc Donald
Venue: Cognition, Technology and Work (2006)

This paper reports on the application of a range of human computer interaction (HCI) methods to the re-design of an electronic flight bag (EFB), as part of a commercial software development project. Specifically, it focusses on the use of participatory design methods, for resolving EFB usability problems. The purpose of this case study is to: (a) Show how participatory design methods can be effectively combined with ethnographic techniques and more formal methods in HCI, for the development of human-friendly EFB systems, (b) Illuminate the specific EFB usability issues encountered in this research and related HCI solutions, (c) Generate an awareness of the challenges faced by HCI practitioners adapting HCI methods to meet commercial project constraints. The HCI methodology outlined in this case study may be of interest to practitioners tasked with process and technology envisionment and/or working with limited resources.
A General Dynamic Information Flow Tracking Framework for Security Applications
Authors: Lap Chung Lam, Tzi-cker Chiueh
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2006)

Many software security solutions require accurate tracking of control/data dependencies among information objects in network applications. This paper presents a general dynamic information flow tracking framework (called GIFT) for C programs that allows an application developer to associate application-specific tags with input data, instruments the application to propagate these tags to all the other data that are control/data-dependent on them, and invokes application-specific processing on output data according to their tag values. To use GIFT, an application developer only needs to implement input and output proxy functions to tag input data and to perform tag-dependent processing on output data, respectively. To demonstrate the usefulness of GIFT, we implement a complete GIFT application called Aussum, which allows selective sandboxing of network client applications based on whether their inputs are "tainted" or not. For a set of computation-intensive test applications, the measured elapsed time overhead of GIFT is less than 35%.
A Semantic Web-Based Approach to Knowledge Management for Grid Applications
Authors: Liming Chen, Nigel R. Shadbolt, Carole A. Goble
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2007)

Knowledge has become increasingly important to support intelligent process automation and collaborative problem solving in large-scale science over the Internet. This paper addresses distributed knowledge management, its approach and methodology, in the context of Grid application. We start by analyzing the nature of Grid computing and its requirements for knowledge support; then, we discuss knowledge characteristics and the challenges for knowledge management on the Grid. A Semantic Web-based approach is proposed to tackle the six challenges of the knowledge lifecycle—namely, those of acquiring, modeling, retrieving, reusing, publishing, and maintaining knowledge. To facilitate the application of the approach, a systematic methodology is conceived and designed to provide a general implementation guideline. We use a real-world Grid application, the GEODISE project, as a case study in which the core Semantic Web technologies such as ontologies, semantic enrichment, and semantic reasoning are used for knowledge engineering and management. The case study has been fully implemented and deployed through which the evaluation and validation for the approach and methodology have been performed.
Locality approximation using time
Authors: Xipeng Shen, Jonathan Shaw, Brian Meeker, Chen Ding
Venue: Proceedings of the 34th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (2007)

Reuse distance (i.e. LRU stack distance) precisely characterizes program locality and has been a basic tool for memory system research since the 1970s. However, the high cost of measuring has restricted its practical uses in performance debugging, locality analysis and optimizations of long-running applications.In this work, we improve the efficiency by exploring the connection between time and locality. We propose a statistical model that converts cheaply obtained time distance to the more costly reuse distance. Compared to the state-of-the-art technique, this approach reduces measuring time by a factor of 17, and approximates cache line reuses with over 99% accuracy and the cache miss rate with less than 0.4% average error for 12 SPEC 2000 integer and floating-point benchmarks. By exploiting the strong correlations between time and locality, this work makes precise locality as easy to obtain as data access frequency, and opens new opportunities for program optimizations.
Image coding based on multiband wavelet and adaptive quad-tree partition
Authors: Bi Ning, Dai Qinyun, Huang Daren, Fang Ji
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2006)

In this paper, a new family of multiband wavelets with a parameter λ is introduced for image coding. In our method of image coding, subbands in the wavelet decomposition are adaptively divided into insignificant subbands and significant subbands while the latter are further partitioned by a significance benchmark and by the quadtree partition algorithm. Our experimental results show less computational cost and better capability for our method than those based on two-band wavelets.
Performance of ad hoc networks with two-hop relay routing and limited packet lifetime
Authors: Ahmad Al Hanbali, Philippe Nain, Eitan Altman
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools (2006)

Considered is a mobile ad hoc network consisting of three types of nodes (source, destination and relay nodes) and using the two-hop relay routing protocol. Packets at relay nodes are assumed to have a limited lifetime in the network. All nodes are moving inside a bounded region according to some random mobility model. Both closed-form expressions, and asymptotic results when the number of nodes is large, are provided for the packet delivery delay and the energy needed to transmit a packet from the source to its destination. We also introduce and evaluate a variant of the two-hop relay protocol that limits the number of generated copies in the network. Our model is validated through simulations for two mobility models (random waypoint and random direction mobility models), numerical results for the two-hop relay protocols are reported, and the performance of the two-hop routing and of the epidemic routing protocols are compared.
Device Context Discovery System for Context-Aware Services in Ubiquitous Device Collaboration Environment
Authors: Jinwoo Park, Jong-Kwon Lee, YoungSang Paik, MyungChul Lee, Chandra Narayanaswami
Venue: Proceedings of the International Workshop on System Support for Future Mobile Computing Applications (2006)

This paper describes a system for obtaining and describing device context information such as device capabilities and user preferences for context-aware services in the ubiquitous device collaboration framework called Celadon. The proposed system is designed to gather and manage device properties and user profiles from devices, and to provide generalized access methods for manipulating static and dynamic properties of the devices. We present the architecture of the proposed system within the overall Celadon framework and describe the functions of each component in more detail and present our current prototypes.
RodDirect: two-dimensional input with stylus knob
Authors: Motoki Miura, Susumu Kunifuji
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

Portable handheld devices inherently involve difficulties with methods of input due to their compact size. Several approaches to attach extra sensors have been proposed, but these have not enabled size or exterior design to be minimized. We propose a novel and simple input technique for handheld devices that makes use of a stylus in a holder that is twisted and pushed/pulled like a knob. Both rotating and sliding the stylus inside the holder can simultaneously adjust two parameters. We implemented a prototype system with an inexpensive image sensor, and evaluated its input. An ANOVA test revealed that our method could scroll as fast as tap-and-drag operations on a screen.
Defining Misuse within the Development Process
Authors: Gunnar Peterson, John Steven
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

The software development industry often brings in security at the eleventh hour, right before developers throw the code over the wall--that is, deploy it into production--and ask, "Well, is it secure?" At this point, hilarity--for the objective observers, anyhow--ensues as security personnel work feverishly to shove crypto, firewalls, and all the other mechanisms at their disposal into the most egregious risk areas. This article describes how to create useful misuse cases within the development process, thus avoiding the headaches that can arise toward the end of the cycle.
Hierarchical Language Models for Expert Finding in Enterprise Corpora
Authors: Desislava Petkova, W. Bruce Croft
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2006)

Enterprise corpora contain evidence of what employees work on and therefore can be used to automatically find experts on a given topic. We present a general approach for representing the knowledge of a potential expert as a mixture of language models from associated documents. First we retrieve documents given the expert's name using a generative probabilistic technique and weight the retrieved documents according to expert-specific posterior distribution. Then we model the expert indirectly through the set of associated documents, which allows us to exploit their underlying structure and complex language features. Experiments show that our method has excellent performance on TREC 2005 expert search task and that it effectively collects and combines evidence for expertise in a heterogeneous collection.
Beyond the Smart Home
Authors: Tatsuya Yamazaki
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

Due to progress in wired and wireless home networking, sensor networks, networked appliances, mechanical and control engineering, and computers, we can build smart homes, and many smart home projects are currently proceeding throughout the world. However, we have to be careful not to repeat the same mistake that was made with home automation technologies that were booming in the 1970s. That is, [total?] automation should not be a goal of smart home technologies. I believe the following points are important in construction of smart homes from users' viewpoints: development of interface technologies between humans and systems for detection of human intensions, feelings, and situations; improvement of system knowledge; and extension of human activity support outside homes to the scopes of communities, towns, and cities.
Using Ontology to Map Categories in Blog
Authors: Pei-Ling Hsu, Po-Ching Liu, Yi-Shin Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Workshop on on Integrating AI and Data Mining (2006)

This paper proposes a framework to automatically map user-defined categories in blog. The proposed framework is composed of a series of procedures including information extraction from the blog, building the personal ontology, and comparing semantic similarities between user-defined categories. Our novel semantic similarity techniques can determine how similar two sets of information concepts are, based on a given ontology. The experimental results demonstrate that our framework and our proposed semantic similarity techniques are effective.
A BIC Sensor Capable of Adjusting IDDQ Limit in Tests
Authors: Masato Nakanishi, Masaki Hashizume, Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi, Yukiya Miura
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Asian Test Symposium (2006)

A built-in-current sensor(BIC sensor) is proposed whose IDDQ limit is able to be adjusted in each IC test. IDDQ tests of identical IDDQ limit can be realized with the current sensor, even if process variation occurs in the sensor. Also, an IDDQ test method is proposed for ICs, in each of which the BIC sensor is implemented. It is shown by some experiments that IDDQ limit of 10ìA will be able to be set and IDDQ test results based on the limit will be obtained by adjusting the limit for each IC if size variation of MOSs in the BIC sensor is less than 50%.
An Enhanced SRAM BISR Design with Reduced Timing Penalty
Authors: Li-Ming Denq, Tzu-Chiang Wang, Cheng-Wen Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Asian Test Symposium (2006)

Redundancy repair is an effective yieldenhancement technique for memories. There are many previously proposed repair methodologies, such as the popular repair methodology based on the concept of address remapping mechanism achieved by address comparison and address reconfiguration. However, a BISR design with a typical address remapping mechanism usually involves significant timing penalty. Therefore, we propose a new address remapping scheme with a write buffer to reduce the timing penalty. Our experiments show that with the proposed address remapping scheme and redundancy architecture, the timing penalty of our BISR scheme is the same with that of the Built-In Self-Test (BIST) circuitonly one multiplexer delay for both the inputs and outputs.
Finding the best in the presence of a stochastic constraint
Authors: Sigrún Andradóttir, David Goldsman, Seong-Hee Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Our problem is that of finding the best system---i.e., the system with the largest or smallest primary performance measure---among a finite number of simulated systems in the presence of a stochastic constraint on a secondary performance measure. In order to solve this problem, we first find a set that contains only feasible or near-feasible systems (Phase I) and then choose the best among those systems in the set (Phase II). We present a statistically valid procedure for Phase I and then propose another procedure that performs Phases I and II sequentially to find the best feasible system. Finally, we provide some experimental results for the second procedure.
Facial Animation Using Emotional Model
Authors: Chihiro Kozasa, Hiromichi Fukutake, Hirokazu Notsu, Yoshihiro Okada, Koichi Niijima
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2006)

Recent 3D graphics hardware technologies have made it possible to create visually realistic 3D characters and 3D scenes in real time. And then, the video game has become one of the main applications of 3D graphics technologies. However, behaviors of Non Player Characters (NPCs) in video games are not satisfactory because they are still predefined and then very simple. To attract game players, NPCs should have more complicated behaviors like the human. Facial expression is one of the most important factors for such a humanlike NPC. In this paper, the authors propose an NPC which interacts with the human. The NPC changes its facial expression according to its emotion during the interaction. For realizing such an NPC, the authors implemented a neural network based emotional model unit [5]. By some experiments, this paper also shows that the NPC can change its facial expression according to its emotion like the human.
Storage and Processing of Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Sebastian Klie, Steffen Neumann
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

Mass spectrometry is the work-horse technology of the emerging field of metabolomics. Community-wide accepted data models and XML formats for data interchange such as mzData are currently in development. The Information contained in these models is sufficient to create applications and databases in a model driven architecture (MDA). This allows to (re-)create the necessary code basis and backend We present an infrastructure to support the use of these data standards. It uses the Eclipse framework to generate Java objects, XML input/output, database persistence and a user-friendly editor for both the XML files and database content. A prototype of a web frontend has been created to view, verify and upload to such a repository.