ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
DESP: A Distributed Economics-Based Subcontracting Protocol for Computation Distribution in Power-Aware Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Li Shang, Robert P. Dick, Niraj K. Jha
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2004)

In this paper, we present a new economics-based power-aware protocol, called the distributed economic subcontracting protocol (DESP), that dynamically distributes task computation among mobile devices in an ad hoc wireless network. Mobile computation devices may be energy buyers, contractors, or subcontractors. Tasks are transferred between devices via distributed bargaining and transactions. When additional energy is required, buyers and contractors negotiate energy prices within their local markets. Contractors and subcontractors spend communication and computation energy to relay or execute buyers' tasks. Buyers pay the negotiated price for this energy. Decision-making algorithms are proposed for buyers, contractors, and subcontractors, each of which has a different optimization goal. We have built a wireless network simulator, called ESIM, to assist in the design and analysis of these algorithms. When the average communication energy required to transfer a task is less than the average energy required to execute a task, our experimental results indicate that markets based on our protocol and decision-making algorithms fairly and effectively allocate energy resources among different tasks in both cooperative and competitive scenarios.
Creative Sketches Production in Digital Design: A User-Centered Evaluation of a 3D Digital Environment
Authors: Anaïs Mayeur, Françoise Darses, Pierre Leclercq
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Smart Graphics (2008)

With their tedious interfaces that impose an encoding sternness, the existing computer assisted architectural design tools (CAAD) too often restrict users' creativity. Paper and pencil are then privileged in the first design stages. In response to this restriction, we have developed a sketch interface, based on an electronic pen and a LCD tablet, which allows the designer to develop ideas and manipulate drawings. This paper describes our observations of five professional architects working with these software and hardware devices. Our analyses are based on session's temporal execution, on graphic production types and on drawing area management. They conclude that the proposed digital solution is compatible with the designers' expectations and really support creative exploration.
EXPROS: A Toolkit for Exploratory Experimentation with Prosody in Customized Diphone Voices
Authors: Joakim Gustafson, Jens Edlund
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE tutorial and research workshop on Perception and Interactive Technologies for Speech-Based Systems: Perception in Multimodal Dialogue Systems (2008)

This paper presents a toolkit for experimentation with prosody in diphone voices. Prosodic features play an important role for aspects of human-human spoken dialogue that are largely unexploited in current spoken dialogue systems. The toolkit contains tools for recording utterances for a number of purposes. Examples include extraction of prosodic features such as pitch, intensity and duration for transplantation onto synthetic utterances, and creation of purpose-built customized MBROLA mini-voices.
Learning Math for Visually Impaired Users
Authors: Thimoty Barbieri, Lorenzo Mosca, Licia Sbattella
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (2008)

Writing and reading formulas or perceiving the graph of a function stand in the way of a blind student for an efficient and complete study of Math. We propose an architecture made by different components that allows to a blind user to face the study of the mathematics in total autonomy. The system allows the formula editing, and the formula exploration. In case of the formula represents a 2D function, the system innovatively supports the haptic and audio exploration of the corresponding graph through a very cheap IO device. The article describes the system architecture and the test results.
E-BAG 2008 Workshop PC Chairs' Message
Authors: Sebastian Link, Hui Ma, Jian Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshops on Web Information Systems Engineering (2008)

Web-based information systems offer tremendous opportunities for both business and governments. The Web has provided new possibilities for companies to communicate and engage in business, and for governments to exchange information and services with citizens and organisations. On one hand, the implementation of individual objectives in E-Commerce and E-Government demand new Web technologies and original methodologies for engineering quality information systems. On the other hand, technological and methodological advances can reveal new openings to conduct electronic business or improve the efficiency, convenience, and accessibility of public services.
Architecture of the Component Collective Messaging Interface
Authors: Sameer Kumar, Gabor Dozsa, Jeremy Berg, Bob Cernohous, Douglas Miller, Joseph Ratterman, Brian Smith, Philip Heidelberger
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface (2008)

Different programming paradigms utilize a variety of collective communication operations, often with different semantics. We present the component collective messaging interface (CCMI), that can support asynchronous non-blocking collectives and is extensible to different programming paradigms and architectures. CCMI is designed with components written in the C++ programming language, allowing it to have reuse and extendability. Collective algorithms are embodied in topological schedules and executors that execute them. Portability across architectures is enabled by the multisend data movement component. CCMI includes a programming language adaptor used to implement different APIs with different semantics for different paradigms. We study the effectiveness of CCMI on Blue Gene/P and evaluate its performance for the barrier, broadcast, and allreduce collective operations. We also present the performance of the barrier collective on the Abe Infiniband cluster.
Expanding Malware Defense by Securing Software Installations
Authors: Weiqing Sun, R. Sekar, Zhenkai Liang, V. N. Venkatakrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment (2008)

Software installation provides an attractive entry vector for malware: since installations are performed with administrator privileges, malware can easily get the enhanced level of access needed to install backdoors, spyware, rootkits, or "bot" software, and to hide these installations from users. Previous research has been focused mainly on securing the execution phase of untrusted software, while largely ignoring the safety of installations. Even security-enhanced operating systems such as SELinux and Vista don't usually impose restrictions during software installs, expecting the system administrator to "know what she is doing." This paper addresses this "gap in armor" by securing software installations. Our technique can support a diversity of package managers and software installers. It is based on a framework that simplifies the development and enforcement of policies that govern safety of installations. We present a simple policy that can be used to prevent untrusted software from modifying any of the files used by benign software packages, thus blocking the most common mechanism used by malware to ensure that it is run automatically after each system reboot. While the scope of our technique is limited to the installation phase, it can be easily combined with approaches for secure execution, e.g., by ensuring that all future runs of an untrusted package will take place within an administrator-specified sandbox. Our experimental evaluation has considered over one hundred benign and untrusted software packages. Our technique was able to block malicious packages among these without breaking non-malicious ones.
A New Approach to Faculty Evaluation with Uncertain Information
Authors: Quan Zhang, WenJia Feng, Dan Shao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposiums on Information Processing (2008)

In ambiguous decision domain, interval numbers are employed to evaluate the overall value of alternatives (e.g., the faculty candidates) due to the inherent problems related to the uncertainty of the multiple attribute decision making (MADM). However, it is uneasy to compare interval numbers of different alternatives with multiple attributes. In current approaches, to rank and select the faculty candidates, some superiority possibility information will lose in the process of transforming interval numbers to crisp values. In order to overcome the shortcomings of Bryson and Mobolurin’ approach, a new approach is proposed, in which the weights of attributes are determined by maximizing the weighted distance among the alternatives, hereafter the maximum intervals for the overall values of every alternative are calculated, and the superiority possibility among them are also calculated for assessing the faculty candidates (alternatives).
Exploring information seeking behaviour in a digital museum context
Authors: Mette Skov, Peter Ingwersen
Venue: Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context (2008)

This paper describes the preliminary results of a case study of task-based interactive information seeking and retrieval behaviour of virtual museum visitors in context. The research described here is part of a larger study: this paper specifically looks at 1) leisure tasks/interests and derived information needs, and 2) main characteristics of virtual museum visitors' information seeking behaviour. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from written enquiries to the museum, an online questionnaire and a user study of simulated interest tasks combined with retrospective think-aloud sessions. The data collected did not show exploratory behaviour to be predominant as expected. Rather analysis of data indicates a broad coverage of different types of needs. Finally, four main characteristics of virtual museum guests' information seeking behaviour were identified
Intra/Inter-document Change Awareness for Co-authoring of Web Sites
Authors: Stavroula Papadopoulou, Claudia-Lavinia Ignat, Gérald Oster, Moira C. Norrie
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2008)

Systems that support the co-authoring of web sites often allow users to freely edit pages. This can result in semantic inconsistencies within and between pages. We propose a change awareness mechanism that monitors intra- and inter-document edits, taking into account changes made to a page and pages connected to it through html or transclusion links. The effect of all the changes is computed based on various metrics and on different semantic levels according to user preferences. A visualisation tool indicates how much a document and documents linked to it have changed. An edit profile allows users to easily spot parts with "interesting" changes within web pages.
Energy-Efficient Network Memory for Ubiquitous Devices
Authors: Joshua B. Fryman, Chad M. Huneycutt, Hsien-Hsin (Sean) Lee, Kenneth M. Mackenzie, David E. Schimmel
Venue: IEEE Micro (2003)

Energy and delay tradeoffs occur when a design moves some or all local storage out of the embedded device and into a remote server. Using the network to access remote storage in lieu of local memory can result in significant power savings.
Runtime Monitoring of Message-Based Workflows with Data
Authors: Sylvain Halle, Roger Villemaire
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (2008)

We present an algorithm for the runtime monitoring of business process properties with data parameterization. The properties are expressed in LTL-FO+, an extension to traditional Linear Temporal Logic that includes full first-order quantification over the data inside a trace of XML messages. The algorithm works "on-the-fly": it keeps in memory only the states that are necessary at each step. Initial results indicate that LTL-FO+ is an appropriate language for expressing data dependencies on message traces and that its processing overhead on sample traces is acceptable.
Vector Read: Exploiting the Read Performance of Hybrid NAND Flash
Authors: Seunghwan Hyun, Sehwan Lee, Sungyong Ahn, Hyokyung Bahn, Kern Koh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (2008)

OneNAND flash is a NAND based hybrid flash memory which offers much better read/write performance and other functionalities than standard NAND flash memory. Because of its superior read performance, OneNAND flash became the most promising storage solution for implementing high performance mobile device which adopts demand paging memory architecture. However, unfortunately, existing general purpose operating systems, such as Linux, fail to exploit the read performance of OneNAND flash because of a restriction imposed by their I/O architecture and device driver interface. This paper investigated the cause of such inability, and proposed the design of vectored read scheme for solving that problem. Implementation studies on Linux kernel shows that vectored read scheme reduces the block level read latency of OneNAND flash by up to 41% compared with commercial FTL device. It also proved its effectiveness in real-world applications by reducing page fault handling time by 28%.
Semantic Cohesion and Learning
Authors: Arthur Ward, Diane Litman
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2008)

A previously reported measure of dialog cohesion was extended to measure cohesion by counting semantic similarity (the repetition of meaning) as well as lexical reiteration (the repetition of words) cohesive ties. Adding semantic similarity ties improved the algorithm's correlation with learning among high pre-testers in one of our corpora of tutoring dialogs, where the lexical reiteration measure alone had correlated only for low pre-testers. Counting cohesive ties which have increasing semantic distance increases the measure's correlation with learning in that corpus. We also find that both directions of tie, student-to-tutor and tutor-to-student, are equally important in producing these correlations. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that the correlations we find may be with deeper "far transfer" learning.
Dynamic Aspects of OPJK Legal Ontology
Authors: Zhisheng Huang, Stefan Schlobach, Frank Harmelen, Núria Casellas, Pompeu Casanovas
Venue: Computable Models of the Law: Languages, Dialogues, Games, Ontologies (2008)

The OPJK (Ontology of Professional Judicial Knowledge) is a legal ontology developed to map questions of junior judges to a set of stored frequently asked questions. In this paper, we investigate dynamic and temporal aspects of one of the SEKT legal ontologies, by subjecting the ontology OPJK to MORE, a multi-version ontologies reasoning System. MORE is based on a temporal logic approach. We show how the temporal logic approach can be used to obtain a better understanding of dynamic and temporal evolution of legal ontologies.
A grid-enabled toolkit for in silico oncology simulations
Authors: Theodoros Athanaileas, Georgios Stamatakos, Andreas Menychtas, Dimitra Kaklamani, Dimitra Dionysiou, Theodora Varvarigou, Nikolaos Uzunoglu
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Simulation tools and techniques for communications, networks and systems & workshops (2008)

In silico (on the computer) oncology is a multi-disciplinary field that focuses on the examination and modeling of biological mechanisms related to the phenomenon of cancer. In silico oncology simulation model may be used for evaluating and comparing different therapeutic schemes while at the same time considering different values of critical parameters which present substantial inter-patient variability. As the number of the involved parameters and of the considered radiotherapeutic schemes increases, the resulting exponential increase in computational requirements makes the use of a grid environment for the execution of the simulations both a necessity for the involved researchers and an opportunity to make in silico oncology applications available to a wider biomedical and research community. In this paper, we describe a toolkit that enables the execution of in silico oncology simulations on grid infrastructures. This toolkit is designed and developed as a web portal with advanced features that facilitates the execution of in silico oncology simulations in grid environments. Several scenarios of radiotherapy simulations have been performed on the EGEE grid and indicative simulation results, as well as execution times are presented.
Alert Fusion Based on Cluster and Correlation Analysis
Authors: Shisong Xiao, Yugang Zhang, Xuejiao Liu, Jingju Gao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (2008)

For the purpose of reducing redundant alerts and false alerts as well as recognizing complicated attack scenarios, a multilevel model of alert fusion is presented. This model fuses alerts layer upon layer through primary alert reduction, alert verification, alert clustering and alert correlation. In order to construct accurate and complete attack sensors, in the phase of alert clustering, this paper proposes alert correlation method based on the similarity between alert attributes as well as based on prerequisites and consequences of attacks. The experimental results show that the model is effective and efficient in fusing large numbers of alerts.
The largest Hosoya index of (n,n+1)-graphs
Authors: Hanyuan Deng
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2008)

The Hosoya index of a graph is defined as the total number of its matchings. In this paper, we obtain that the largest Hosoya index of (n,n+1)-graphs is f(n+1)+f(n-1)+2f(n-3), where f(n) is the nth Fibonacci number, and we characterize the extremal graphs.
ISCLEs: Importance Sampled Circuit Learning Ensembles for Trustworthy Analog Circuit Topology Synthesis
Authors: Peng Gao, Trent Mcconaghy, Georges Gielen
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (2008)

Importance Sampled Circuit Learning Ensembles (ISCLEs) is a novel analog circuit topology synthesis method that returns designer-trustworthy circuits yet can apply to a broad range of circuit design problems including novel functionality. ISCLEs uses the machine learning technique of boosting, which does importance sampling of "weak learners" to create an overall circuit ensemble. In ISCLEs, the weak learners are circuit topologies with near-minimal transistor sizes. In each boosting round, first a new weak learner topology and sizings are found via genetic programming-based "MOJITO" multi-topology optimization, then it is combined with previous learners into an ensemble, and finally the weak-learning target is updated. Results are shown for the trustworthy synthesis of a sinusoidal function generator, and a 3-bit A/D converter.
Prompting in Mammography: Reproducibility
Authors: Stephanie Tiew, Sue Astley, Bernice Dillon, Julie Morris, Caroline Boggis
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Digital Mammography (2008)

Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are improving their performance both in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but false prompts remain an area of interest because of their potential to distract from prompts marking real abnormalities and to reduce the importance attached to any given prompt by a film reader. Many false prompts are very near to the threshold for prompting: in this study we investigate reproducibility of prompting by a commercial CAD system.
ARG Based on Arcs and Segments to Improve the Symbol Recognition by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: J. -P. Salmon, L. Wendling
Venue: Graphics Recognition. Recent Advances and New Opportunities: 7th International Workshop, GREC 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, September 20-21, 2007. Selected Papers (2008)

A genetic matching algorithm is extended to take into account primitive arcs in a pattern recognition process. Usually approaches based on segments are sensitive to over segmentation effects. Handling with more accurate description allows to improve the recognition by limiting the number of vertices to be matched and so to decrease processing time. Experimental studies using real data attest the robustness of the proposed method.
Ant Colony System-Based Algorithm for Optimal Multi-stage Planning of Distribution Transformer Sizing
Authors: Eleftherios I. Amoiralis, Pavlos S. Georgilakis, Marina A. Tsili, Antonios G. Kladas
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part II (2008)

This paper proposes a stochastic optimization method, based on ant colony optimization, for the optimal choice of transformer sizes to be installed in a distribution network. This method is properly introduced to the solution of the optimal transformer sizing problem, taking into account the constraints imposed by the load the transformer serves throughout its life time and the possible transformer thermal overloading. The possibility to upgrade the transformer size one or more times throughout the study period results to different sizing paths, and ant colony optimization is applied in order to determine the least cost path, taking into account the transformer capital cost as well as the energy loss cost during the study period. The results of the proposed method demonstrate the benefits of its application in the distribution network planning.
A Graph-Based Approach to Symbolic Functional Decomposition of Finite State Machines
Authors: Piotr Szotkowski, Mariusz Rawski, Henry Selvaraj
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering (2008)

This paper discusses the symbolic functional decoposition method for implementing finite state machines in field-programmable gate array devices as a viable alternative to the presently widespread two-step approach to the problem, which consist of separate encoding and mapping stages. Also, a new algorithm for obtaining the G and Qv blankets is introduced, along with results showing the advantages of this method in comparison to the current state-of-the-art solutions.
An Experiment with Fuzzy Sets in Data Mining
Authors: David L. Olson, Helen Moshkovich, Alexander Mechitov
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II (2007)

Fuzzy modeling provides a very useful tool to deal with human vagueness in describing scales of value. This study examines the relative error in decision tree models applied to a real set of credit card data used in the literature, comparing crisp models with fuzzy decision trees as applied by See5, and as obtained by categorization of data. The impact of ordinal data is also tested. Modifying continuous data was expected to degrade model accuracy, but was expected to be more robust with respect to human understanding. The degree of accuracy lost by See5 fuzzification was minimal (in fact more accurate in terms of total error), although bad error was worse. Categorization of data yielded greater inaccuracy. However, both treatments are still useful if they better reflect human understanding. An additional conclusion is that when categorizing data, care should be taken in setting categorical limits.