ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Dual-phase lag effects on thermal damage to biological tissues caused by laser irradiation
Authors: Jianhua Zhou, J. K. Chen, Yuwen Zhang
Venue: Computers in Biology and Medicine (2009)

A dual-phase lag (DPL) bioheat conduction model, together with the broad beam irradiation method and the rate process equation, is proposed to investigate thermal damage in laser-irradiated biological tissues. It is shown that the DPL bioheat conduction model could predict significantly different temperature and thermal damage in tissues from the hyperbolic thermal wave and Fourier's heat conduction models. It is also found that the DPL bioheat conduction equations can be reduced to the Fourier heat conduction equations only if both phase lag times of the temperature gradient (@t"T) and the heat flux (@t"q) are zero. This is different from the DPL model for pure conduction materials, for which it can be reduced to the Fourier's heat conduction model provided that @t"q=@t"T. Effects of laser parameters and blood perfusion on the thermal damage simulated in tissues are also studied. The result shows that the overall effects of the blood flow on the thermal response and damage are similar to those of the time delay @t"T.
Bringing the Benefits of Multimedia Services and Applications to Users
Authors: Matti Kalervo, Juha Saarnio, Cees J. M. Lanting
Venue: Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02 (1999)

Bringing benefits of multimedia services and applications to users gives valuable information for the further development of multimedia networks and services: IMMP trials provide a two-way bridge between R&D and the users. The evolution of telecommunications and understand-ing the primary aims of building communication networks are essential when trying to predict the evolution of high-speed networks, infrastructure and services for the needs of the Information Society.The Integrated MultiMedia Project (IMMP, ACTS AC023) has implemented a broad set of networked multimedia services. The approach has been to run end user trials based on real applications and services to study usability and technical feasibility of networked multimedia delivery, and to obtain end user feedback.To be able to arrange these trials IMMP has defined requirements, studied architectures and network technologies and developed generic platforms and applications.The trials use varying user profiles, network technologies, middleware components, applications and services. These applications, compatible with the business and residential environments, have been developed in parallel with the set up of the trial networks. In the trials inclusion of applications over Internet played a key role.
Indirect estimation of α-stable stochastic volatility models
Authors: Marco J. Lombardi, Giorgio Calzolari
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2009)

The @a-stable family of distributions constitutes a generalization of the Gaussian distribution, allowing for asymmetry and thicker tails. Its many useful properties, including a central limit theorem, are especially appreciated in the financial field. However, estimation difficulties have up to now hindered its widespread use among practitioners. The authors introduce an indirect estimation approach to stochastic volatility models with @a-stable innovations that exploits, as auxiliary model, a GARCH(1, 1) with t-distributed innovations. The approach is illustrated by means of a detailed simulation study and an application to currency crises.
Adding the easy button to the cloud with SnowFlock and MPI
Authors: Philip Patchin, H. Andrés Lagar-Cavilla, Eyal de Lara, Michael Brudno
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on System-level Virtualization for High Performance Computing (2009)

Cloud computing promises to provide researchers with the ability to perform parallel computations using large pools of virtual machines (VMs), without facing the burden of owning or maintaining physical infrastructure. However, with ease of access to hundreds of VMs, comes also an increased management burden. Cloud users today must manually instantiate, configure and maintain the virtual hosts in their cluster. They must learn new cloud APIs that are not germane to the problem of parallel processing. Those APIs usually take several minutes to perform their VM-management tasks, forcing users to keep VMs idling and pay for unused processing time, rather than shut VMs down and power them on as needed. Furthermore, users must still configure their cluster management framework to launch their parallel jobs. In this paper we show that all this management pain is unnecessary. We show how to combine a cloud API -- SnowFlock -- and a parallel processing framework -- MPI -- to truly realize the potential of the cloud. SnowFlock allows users to fork VMs as if they were processes, occupying in sub-second time multiple physical hosts. We exploit the synergy between this paradigm and MPI's job management to completely hide all details of cloud management from the user. Maintaining a single VM and starting unmodified applications with familiar MPI commands, a user can instantaneously leverage hundreds of processors to perform a parallel computation. Besides making use of cloud resources trivial, we also eliminate the cost of idling -- VMs exist only for as long as they are involved in computation.
Visualization of Spatial Sensor Data in the Context of Automotive Environment Perception Systems
Authors: Marcus Tonnis, Rudi Lindl, Leonhard Walchshausl, Gudrun Klinker
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2007)

Spatial sensor systems in cars are gaining more and more importance. Such sensor systems are the foundation of future safety systems, such as automatic emergency brakes, as well as for interactive driver assistance systems. We have developed a system that can visualize such spatial sensor data. Two environments are supported: A laboratory setup for off-line experience and a car setup that enables live experience of spatially aligned laser scanner and video data in real traffic. We have used two visualization devices, a video see-through LCD Flat Panel (TFT) and an optical see-through Head-Mounted Display (HMD) in both setups. For the laboratory setup, a back-projection table has been integrated as well. To present data in correct spatial alignment, we have installed tracking systems in both environments. Visualization schemes for spatial sensor data and for geometric models that outline recognized objects have been developed. We report on our system and discuss experiences from the development and realization phases. The system is not intended to be used as a component of real driver assistance systems. Rather, it can bridge the gap between Human Machine Interface (HMI) designers and sensing engineers during the development phase. Furthermore, it can be both a debugging tool for the realization of environmental perception systems and an experimental platform for the design of presentation schemes for upcoming driver assistance systems.
Scattering
Authors: Diego Gutierrez, Srinivasa G. Narasimhan, Henrik Wann Jensen, Wojciech Jarosz
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses (2008)

Computer graphics and computer vision techniques deal with acquiring, interpreting and presenting the rich visual world around us. These are exciting multi-disciplinary fields of research with a wide spectrum of applications that can impact our daily lives. However, most of the computer generated imagery today represents scenes with clear atmospheres, neglecting light scattering effects. Analogously, most computer vision systems have not enjoyed success when deployed in uncontrolled outdoor environments. Nevertheless, scattering is a fundamental aspect of light transport in a wide range of applications, whether simulating it or interpreting it, from medical imaging to driving simulators or underwater imagery.
Drawing Chemical Equipment with Adobe Illustrator, Part 3: Gradients, Retouching, and More Objects
Authors: Daniel Tofan
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2009)

Adobe Illustrator CS3 provides sufficient tools that let chemistry textbook and laboratory manual authors create complex drawings and publish their own original material. In this final tutorial, the author describes how to fine tune an illustration.
Online circuit reliability monitoring
Authors: Bin Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2009)

In this work we propose an online reliability tracking framework that utilizes a hybrid network of on-chip temperature and delay sensors together with a circuit reliability macromodel. We are concerned specifically with NBTI-induced transistor aging, which manifests itself as the gradual increase of PMOS threshold voltage and increase of circuit delay over time. The key feature of our work is an explicit macromodel which maps operating temperature to circuit degradation. The macromodel allows for cost-effective reliability tracking. The accuracy of the model is improved by online calibration of model parameters via monitoring the delay degradation of ring oscillators. The number of model parameters is relatively small. For example, in ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits, at most 21 parameters are required for the macromodel. The prediction of circuit degradation using our online monitoring strategy can be up to 20% less conservative compared to the worst-case reliability prediction.
Practical Formal Software Engineering: Wanting the Software You Get, 1 edition
Authors: Bruce Mills
Venue:  (2009)

Practical Formal Software Engineering is a textbook aimed at final year undergraduate and graduate students, emphasizing formal methods in writing robust code quickly. Engineering is an informal process using formal logics as tools and components to obtain timely practical solutions. This book takes an engineering approach to illuminate the creation and verification of large software systems in which theorems and axioms are intuited as the formalism materializes through practice. Where other textbooks discuss business practices through generic project management techniques or detailed rigid logic systems, this book examines the interaction between code in a physical machine and the logic applied in creating the software. These elements create an informal and rigorous study of logic, algebra, and geometry through software. Assuming prior experience with C, C++, or Java programming languages, chapters introduce UML, OCL, and Z from scratch. Based around a theme of the construction of a game engine, extensive worked examples motivate readers to learn the languages through the technical side of software science.
Robust H2 control of Markovian jump systems with uncertain switching probabilities
Authors: Junlin Xiong, James Lam
Venue: International Journal of Systems Science (2009)

This article deals with the robust H2 control problem for a class of Markovian jump linear systems with uncertain switching probabilities. The uncertainties under consideration appear both in the system parameters and in the mode transition rates. First, a new criterion based on linear matrix inequalities is established for checking the robust H2 performance of the uncertain system. Then, a sufficient condition for the existence of the state-feedback controllers is established such that the closed-loop system is quadratically mean square stable and has a certain level of robust H2 performance in terms of linear matrix inequalities with equality constraints. A globally convergent algorithm is also presented to construct such controllers effectively. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is used to demonstrate the developed theory.
A comparative study of speech and dialed input voice interfaces in rural India
Authors: Neil Patel, Sheetal Agarwal, Nitendra Rajput, Amit Nanavati, Paresh Dave, Tapan S. Parikh
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

In this paper we present a study comparing speech and dialed input voice user interfaces for farmers in Gujarat, India. We ran a controlled, between-subjects experiment with 45 participants. We found that the task completion rates were significantly higher with dialed input, particularly for subjects under age 30 and those with less than an eighth grade education. Additionally, participants using dialed input demonstrated a significantly greater performance improvement from the first to final task, and reported less difficulty providing input to the system.
Michael Freeman's Top Digital Photography Tips
Authors: Michael Freeman
Venue: A Lark Photography Book (2008)

For the very first time, renowned international photographer and bestselling author Michael Freeman reveals all the insider secrets that professionals keep for themselves alone. Everyone from enthusiastic amateurs to seasoned experts will learn plenty of the tried-and-true, field-tested techniques Freeman has discovered through years of experience. He helps you think and shoot like an expert, providing advice on everything from shooting in poor weather conditions to simulating complex lighting setups, from enhancing depth of field to fixing damaged files and organizing your photos effectively. His easily digestible nuggets of information explain how to make the most of your digital cameraeven if you have limited resources. And thats important, because to get a great photo, you must fully exploit your cameras capabilitiesand this guide shows you how.
An interactive, smart notepad for context-sensitive information seeking
Authors: Jie Lu, Michelle X. Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2009)

We are building an interactive, smart notepad system where users enter brief notes to drive a dynamic information-seeking process. In this paper, we focus on describing our work from two aspects: 1) dynamic interpretation of user notes in context to infer a user's information needs, and 2) automatic generation of data queries to satisfy the inferred user needs. Compared to existing information systems, our work offers three unique contributions. First, our system allows users to focus on what to retrieve instead of how, since users can use brief notes to express their information needs without worrying about specific retrieval details. Second, users can use notes to efficiently request multiple pieces of information at once instead of issuing one query at a time. Third, users can easily update any part of their notes to obtain new or updated information. Whenever a user's notes are modified, our system automatically detects and evaluates all affected note sections to retrieve new or updated information. Our preliminary evaluation shows the promise of this work.
Efficient SIMDization and data management of the Lattice QCD computation on the Cell Broadband Engine
Authors: Khaled Z. Ibrahim, François Bodin
Venue: Scientific Programming (2009)

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) models subatomic interactions based on a four-dimensional discretized space-time continuum. The Lattice QCD computation is one of the grand challenges in physics especially when modeling a lattice with small spacing. In this work, we study the implementation of the main kernel routine of Lattice QCD that dominates the execution time on the Cell Broadband Engine. We tackle the problem of efficient SIMD execution and the problem of limited bandwidth for data transfers with the off-chip memory. For efficient SIMD execution, we present runtime data fusion technique that groups data processed similarly at runtime. We also introduce analysis needed to reduce the pressure on the scarce memory bandwidth that limits the performance of this computation. We studied two implementations for the main kernel routine that exhibit different patterns of accessing the memory and thus allowing different sets of optimizations. We show the attributes that make one implementation more favorable in terms of performance. For lattice size that is significantly larger than the local store, our implementation achieves 31.2 GFlops for single precision computations and 16.6 GFlops for double precision computations on the PowerXCell 8i, an order of magnitude better than the performance achieved on most general-purpose processors.
Incremental XPath evaluation
Authors: Henrik Björklund, Wouter Gelade, Marcel Marquardt, Wim Martens
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Database Theory (2009)

We study the problem of incrementally maintaining an XPath query on an XML database under updates. The updates we consider are node insertion, node deletion, and node relabeling. Our main results are that downward XPath queries can be incrementally maintained in time O(depth(D) &middot; poly(Q)) and conjunctive forward XPath queries in time O(depth(D)&middot; log(width(D))&middot;poly(Q)), where D is the size of the database, Q the size of the query, and depth(D) and width(D) are the nesting depth and maximum number of siblings in the database, respectively. The auxiliary data structures for maintenance are linear in D and polynomial in Q in all these cases.
Multiple Scrambling and Adaptive Synchronization for Audio Watermarking
Authors: Yiqing Lin, Waleed H. Abdulla
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking (2008)

Imperceptibility, robustness and security are the vital considerations in the design of any audio watermarking scheme for copyrights protection. In this paper, a secure and robust audio watermarking scheme involving multiple scrambling and adaptive synchronization is proposed. To prevent the unauthorized detection, the new scheme integrates multiple scrambling operations into the embedding process. That is, encrypting the watermark with a coded-image and randomly selecting certain subbands for the embedding process. Moreover, the detection utilizes adaptive synchronization to enhance the robustness under some destructive de-synchronization attacks, like random samples cropping/inserting, pitch-invariant time stretching, and tempo-preserved pitch shifting. Theoretical analysis and simulation results have revealed that the proposed scheme is self-secured indeed and also immune to a wide range of severe attacks.
Data aggregation in sensor networks: Balancing communication and delay costs
Authors: Peter Korteweg, Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela, Leen Stougie, Andrea Vitaletti
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2009)

In a sensor network the sensors, or nodes, obtain data and have to communicate these data to a central node. Because sensors are battery powered they are highly energy constrained. Data aggregation can be used to combine data of several sensors into a single message, thus reducing sensor communication costs at the expense of message delays. Thus, the main problem of data aggregation is to balance the communication and delay costs. In this paper we study the data aggregation problem as a bicriteria optimization problem; the objectives we consider are to minimize maximum energy consumption of a sensor and a function of the maximum latency costs of a message. We consider distributed algorithms under a synchronous time model, under an asynchronous time model, and under an almost synchronous time model, where sensor clocks are synchronized up to a small drift. We use competitive analysis to assess the quality of the algorithms.
Kinesthetic interaction: revealing the bodily potential in interaction design
Authors: Maiken Hillerup Fogtmann, Jonas Fritsch, Karen Johanne Kortbek
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Designing for Habitus and Habitat (2008)

Within the Human-Computer Interaction community there is a growing interest in designing for the whole body in interaction design. The attempts aimed at addressing the body have very different outcomes spanning from theoretical arguments for understanding the body in the design process, to more practical examples of designing for bodily potential. This paper presents Kinesthetic Interaction as a unifying concept for describing the body in motion as a foundation for designing interactive systems. Based on the theoretical foundation for Kinesthetic Interaction, a conceptual framework is introduced to reveal bodily potential in relation to three design themes --- kinesthetic development, kinesthetic means and kinesthetic disorder; and seven design parameters --- engagement, sociality, movability, explicit motivation, implicit motivation, expressive meaning and kinesthetic empathy. The framework is a tool to be utilized when analyzing existing designs, as well as developing designs exploring new ways of designing kinesthetic interactions.
Computing Maximum C-Planar Subgraphs
Authors: Markus Chimani, Carsten Gutwenger, Mathias Jansen, Karsten Klein, Petra Mutzel
Venue: Graph Drawing: 16th International Symposium, GD 2008, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 21-24, 2008. Revised Papers (2009)

Deciding c-planarity for a given clustered graph C = (G,T) is one of the most challenging problems in current graph drawing research. Though it is yet unknown if this problem is solvable in polynomial time, latest research focused on algorithmic approaches for special classes of clustered graphs. In this paper, we introduce an approach to solve the general problem using integer linear programming (ILP) techniques. We give an ILP formulation that also includes the natural generalization of c-planarity testing--the maximum c-planar subgraph problem--and solve this ILP with a branch-and-cut algorithm. Our computational results show that this approach is already successful for many clustered graphs of small to medium sizes and thus can be the foundation of a practically efficient algorithm that integrates further sophisticated ILP techniques.
Data enhancement, smoothing, reconstruction and optimization by kriging interpolation
Authors: Hasan Gunes, Hakki Ergun Cekli, Ulrich Rist
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

The performance of Kriging interpolation for enhancement, smoothing, reconstruction and optimization of a test data set is investigated. Specifically, the ordinary two-dimensional Kriging and 2D line Kriging interpolation are investigated and compared with the well-known digital filters for data smoothing. We used an analytical 2D synthetic test data with several minima and maxima. Thus, we could perform detailed analyses in a well-controlled manner in order to assess the effectiveness of each procedure. We have demonstrated that Kriging method can be used effectively to enhance and smooth a noisy data set and reconstruct large missing regions (black zones) in lost data. It has also been shown that, with the appropriate selection of the correlation function (variogram model) and its correlation parameter, one can control the 'degree' of smoothness in a robust way. Finally, we illustrate that Kriging can be a viable ingredient in constructing effective global optimization algorithms in conjunction with simulated annealing.