ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Constructing interaction test suites with greedy algorithms
Authors: Renée C. Bryce, Charles J. Colbourn
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

Combinatorial approaches to testing are used in several fields, and have recently gained momentum in the field of software testing through software interaction testing. One-test-at-a-time greedy algorithms are used to automatically construct such test suites. This paper discusses basic criteria of why greedy algorithms have been appropriate for this test generation problem in the past and then expands upon how greedy algorithms can be utilized to address test suite prioritization.
An ILP Formulation for Yield-driven Architectural Synthesis
Authors: Zhaojun Wo, Israel Koren, Maciej Ciesielski
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2005)

Data flow graph dominant designs, such as communication video andaudio applications, are common in today¿s IC industry. In these designs, the datapath resources(e.g., adders, multipliers) count more than 90% in area. Different datapath resources have very differentroperties in terms of area, delay, powerand yield. Consideringyield during system level design can result in significant benefits. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)formulation for yield-aware architectural synthesis is presented in this paper. The proposed approach attempts to maximize the yield of the design while satisfying other constraints like area and delay. Through experiments on several benchmarks, we show that incorporating the yield as an objective during architectural synthesis can significantly improve the yield compared to conventional methods. Transistor sizing at the circuit level can also be incorporated in our method to further improve the yield.
Extendable Product Traceability System from Small Start
Authors: WAKAYAMA Shirou, DOI Yusuke, OZAKI Satoshi, INOUE Atsushi
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet Workshops (2006)

A cost-effective and easy way to introduce a product traceability system is to start from a small system and gradually extend it to large-scale systems. Traceability systems used in existing field tests are unsuitable for large-scale deployment because they use a single, centralized database. This paper describes a extendable traceability system proposed by Toshiba that employs distributed databases and ID-hash values. We have evaluated the proper operation of this system with a trial system and plan to analyze its qualitative behavior through large-scale experiments.
Synchronous Pipelined Relay Stations with Back-Pressure Tolerance
Authors: Roger Su, Raman Mittal, Vivek Garg
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

Deep submicron technologies are causing interconnect delays to become a larger fraction of the clock cycle time. A solution to this problem is to pipeline the long wire in order to increase channel throughput and maintain an acceptable clock frequency. The delay of the interconnect is distributed over several clock cycles by inserting relay stations which allow for fully synchronous operation at a higher frequency. We discuss a relay station scheme that takes advantage of storage in the interconnect to minimize system stalls. We also discuss various implementation issues and design choices, such as clock gating. Additionally, we will present the results of a system-on-chip crossbar, which we designed to utilize these modules. We believe that this type of approach is crucial for maintaining the overall improvement of performance in future systems and technologies.
Optimal and intelligent decision making in sustainable development of electronic products
Authors: Mengchu Zhou, Reggie J. Caudill
Venue:  (2003)

Increasing global population and consumption are causing declining natural and social systems. Multi-lifecycle engineering and sustainable development address these issues by integrating strategies for economic successes, environmental quality, and social equity. Based on multi-lifecycle engineering and sustainable development concepts, this doctoral dissertation aims to provide decision making approaches to growing a strong industrial economy while maintaining a clean, healthy environment. The research develops a methodology to complete both the disassembly leveling and bin assignment decisions in demanufacturing through balancing the disassembly efforts, value returns, and environmental impacts. The proposed method is successfully implemented into a demanufacturing module of a Multi-LifeCycle Assessment and Analysis tool. The methodology is illustrated by a computer product example. Since products during the use stage may experience very different conditions, their external and internal status can vary significantly. These products, when coming to a demanufacturing facility, are often associated with incomplete/imprecise information, which complicates demanufacturing process decision making. In order to deal with uncertain information, this research proposes Fuzzy Reasoning Petri nets to model and reason knowledge-based systems and successfully applies them to demanufacturing process decision making to obtain the maximal End-of-Life (EOL) value from discarded products. Besides the EOL management of products by means of product/material recovery to decrease environmental impacts, the concepts of design for environment and sustainable development are investigated. Based on Sustainability Target Method, a sensitivity analysis decision-making method is proposed. It provides a company with suggestions to improve its product's sustainability in the most cost-effective manner.
Musical program auralization: Empirical studies
Authors: Paul Vickers, James L. Alty
Venue: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) (2005)

Program auralization aims to communicate information about program state, data, and behavior using audio. We have argued that music offers many advantages as a communication medium [Alty 1995]. The CAITLIN system [Alty and Vickers 1997; Vickers 1999; Vickers and Alty 1996, 1998] was constructed to provide auralizations within a formal structured musical framework. Pilot studies [Alty and Vickers 1997; Vickers 1999] showed that programmers could infer program structure from auralizations alone. A study was conducted using 22 novice programmers to assess (i) whether novices could understand the musical auralizations and (ii) whether the musical experience and knowledge of subjects affected their performance. The results show that novices could interpret the auralizations (with accuracy varying across different levels of abstraction) and that musical knowledge had no significant effect on performance. A second experiment was conducted with another 22 novice programmers to study the effects of musical program auralization on debugging tasks. The experiment aimed to determine whether auralizations would lead to higher bug detection rates. The results indicate that, in certain circumstances, musical auralizations can be used to help locate bugs in programs and that musical skill does not affect the ability to make use of the auralizations. In addition, the experiment showed that subjective workload increased when the musical auralizations were used.
Everyday robotics: robots as everyday objects
Authors: Frédéric Kaplan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies (2005)

Why are we not living yet with robots? If robots are not common everyday objects, it is maybe because we have looked for robotic applications without considering with sufficient attention what could be the experience of interacting with a robot. This article introduces the idea of a value profile, a notion intended to capture the general evolution of our experience with different kinds of objects. After discussing value profiles of commonly used objects, it offers a rapid outline of the challenging issues that must be investigated concerning immediate, short-term and long-term experience with robots. Beyond science-fiction classical archetypes, the picture emerging from this analysis is the one of versatile everyday robots, autonomously developing in interaction with humans, communicating with one another, changing shape and body in order to be adapted to their various context of use. To become everyday objects, robots will not necessary have to be useful, but they will have to be at the origins of radically new forms of experiences.
Behavioral Decision Based on Abstraction of Pheromone Distribution for Transport Vehicles
Authors: Naoto Mukai, Toyohide Watanabe
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2005)

In this paper, we focus on behavioral decisions for empty transport vehicles e.g., they should wait on their place or go to other places. Effective behaviors of empty vehicles enable to decrease waiting times of customers. Our algorithm to acquire such effective behaviors is based on transport experiences of vehicles (i.e., history). It means that vehicles adjust to their city environment by learning trends of transport demands (e.g., amounts and directions). Our algorithm consists of learning and abstraction stages. In the learning stage, vehicles acquire low-level rules of actions at an intersection. In the abstraction stage, vehicles acquire high-level rules of actions in a region. Finally, we report simulation results and show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Computing inverse kinematics with linear programming
Authors: Edmond S. L. Ho, Taku Komura, Rynson W. H. Lau
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2005)

Inverse Kinematics (IK) is a popular technique for synthesizing motions of virtual characters. In this paper, we propose a Linear Programming based IK solver (LPIK) for interactive control of arbitrary multibody structures. There are several advantages of using LPIK. First, inequality constraints can be handled, and therefore the ranges of the DOFs and collisions of the body with other obstacles can be handled easily. Second, the performance of LPIK is comparable or sometimes better than the IK method based on Lagrange multipliers, which is known as the best IK solver today. The computation time by LPIK increases only linearly proportional to the number of constraints or DOFs. Hence, LPIK is a suitable approach for controlling articulated systems with large DOFs and constraints for real-time applications.
Use of discrete choice models with recommender systems
Authors: Bassam H. Chaptini
Venue:  (2005)

Recommender systems, also known as personalization systems, are a popular technique for reducing information overload and finding items that are of interest to the user. Increasingly, people are turning to these systems to help them find the information that is most valuable to them. A variety of techniques have been proposed for performing recommendation, including content-based, collaborative, knowledge-based and other techniques. All of the known recommendation techniques have strengths and weaknesses, and many researchers have chosen to combine techniques in different ways. In this dissertation, we investigate the use of discrete choice models as a radically new technique for giving personalized recommendations. Discrete choice modeling allows the integration of item and user specific data as well as contextual information that may be crucial in some applications. By giving a general multidimensional model that depends on a range of inputs, discrete choice subsumes other techniques used in the literature. We present a software package that allows the adaptation of generalized discrete choice models to the recommendation task. Using a generalized framework that integrates recent advances and extensions of discrete choice allows the estimation of complex models that give a realistic representation of the behavior inherent in the choice process, and consequently a better understanding of behavior and improvements in predictions. Statistical learning, an important part of personalization, is realized using Bayesian procedures to update the model as more observations are collected. As a test bed for investigating the effectiveness of this approach, we explore the application of discrete choice as a solution to the problem of recommending academic courses to students. The goal is to facilitate the course selection task by recommending subjects that would satisfy students' personal preferences and suit their abilities and interests. A generalized mixed logit model is used to analyze survey and course evaluation data. The resulting model identifies factors that make an academic subject &ldquo;recommendable&rdquo;. It is used as the backbone for the recommender system application. The dissertation finally presents the software architecture of this system to highlight the software package's adaptability and extensibility to other applications. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Energy conservation for server systems
Authors: Eduardo Souza De Albuquerque Pinheiro
Venue:  (2005)

To date, energy consumption has only been a concern for mobile and embedded devices due to battery lifetime and heat dissipation concerns. In this thesis we make the case for energy conservation for server systems. We describe in details the current mechanisms for power management and the state-of-the-art policies for energy conservation for the main components of servers. We propose three novel energy conservation techniques for servers, namely Load Concentration, for entire servers; Popular Data Concentration, for disk arrays; and Diverted Accesses for distributed file servers. Our experiments, physical measurements, simulations, and models show that our techniques can greatly enhance the opportunities for power management and consequently accrue significant energy savings.
Effects of diagnosis training software on the diagnostic fluency and self-confidence of school psychology graduate trainees
Authors: Ari S. Yares
Venue:  (2005)

The purpose of this study was to determine if simulation was an effective means of increasing diagnostic fluency and self-confidence in clinical skills in school psychology trainees. Thirty-seven masters and doctoral level school psychology trainees, divided into two groups, used the Diagnosis Training Simulator (DTS), a web-based simulator of the diagnostic process. Users were presented with a referral question and allowed to choose from a variety of assessment tools, each with a designated virtual time. DTS recorded the accuracy of each diagnosis and the amount of virtual time used as a measure of diagnostic fluency. Pre and postmeasures of self-confidence were taken using a modified version of the Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory developed by Vealy (1986) to reflect self-confidence in school psychology clinical skills. The experimental group used DTS five times while the control group used the website at the beginning and end of the study as a pre- and post-test. Analysis of the results indicated that there were no significant differences in the changes of diagnostic fluency and self-confidence between the experimental group and the control group. Further investigation of simulations that more closely model the diagnostic process is needed as well as more accurate measures of diagnostic fluency.
A Synchronous Process Calculus for Service Costs
Authors: Siva Anantharaman, Jing Chen, Gaetan Hains
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (2005)

We present a process calculus where synchronous composition is the central algebraic notion; equivalences between processes via bisimilarity or trace can be studied quite simply in this calculus, which in addition allows us to model naturally other notions such as service, and quality of service. They can be studied in an algebraic semi-ring setup using notions of cost on the transitions.
The dancing genome project: generation of a human-computer choreography using a genetic algorithm
Authors: François-Joseph Lapointe, Martine Époque
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

In this paper, we present an interactive genetic algorithm for the generation of human-computer choreography, using motion capture technology. First, we introduce the four steps of the algorithm to (1) define a movement vocabulary, (2) initialize movement sequences, (3) generate mutants, and (4) select mutant sequences to create a choreography. Then, we show how this approach is implemented in real time to create interaction among dancers. Finally, we run simulations to assess the convergence rate of the algorithm, before generating a simple duet for actual and virtual dancers.
Virtual humans: lessons learned in integrating a large-scale AI project
Authors: Bill Swartout
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

Virtual humans are computer generated characters that can populate games or simulations. The behaviors of virtual humans are not scripted, but instead they use sophisticated AI techniques to reason about their environment and events as they unfold. Based on that reasoning, the virtual humans respond in believable ways. Virtual humans can interact in natural language, understanding speech and responding with synthesized speech. In addition to verbal communication, virtual humans can use non-verbal communication means such as gestures. In addition to rational behavior, virtual humans also have the ability to model and mimic human emotions.At the USC Institute for Creative Technologies, we have been engaged in the construction of virtual humans for the past six years. This project is not only a significant AI research effort, but it is also a significant software engineering task because a number of research projects must be integrated and work together to realize the virtual human. In this talk I will outline the virtual human effort, describe some of the synergies that have emerged from the software integration effort, and report on the lessons we have learned in this large-scale integration effort.
Parallel program performance evaluation and their behavior analysis on an OpenMP cluster
Authors: Fei Cai, Shaogang Wu, Longbing Zhang, Zhiming Tang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2004)

The OpenMP API is an emerging standard for parallel programming on shared memory multiprocessors. In order to run an OpenMP program on a cluster, one feasible scheme is to translate the OpenMP program into a software DSM program, then execute it on the cluster. Evaluating the performance of OpenMP programs and analyzing their behavior will help support the OpenMP programming model on a software DSM cluster efficiently. In this paper, we use an experimental approach to investigate how the characteristics of the software DSM cluster and the translation together with the original program behavior determine the performance of OpenMP programs on software DSM clusters.
Mesh optimization for singular axisymmetric harmonic maps from the disc into the sphere
Authors: Fran&#x00e7;ois Alouges, Morgan Pierre
Venue: Numerische Mathematik (2005)

We describe in a mathematical setting the singular energy minimizing axisymmetric harmonic maps from the unit disc into the unit sphere; then, we use this as a test case to compute optimal meshes in presence of sharp boundary layers. For the well-posedness of the continuous minimizing problem, we introduce a lower semicontinuous extension of the energy with respect to weak convergence in BV, and we prove that the extended minimization problem has a unique singular solution. We then show how a moving finite element method, in which the mesh is an unknown of the discrete minimization problem obtained by finite element discretization, mimics this geometric point of view. Finally, we present numerical computations with boundary layers of zero thickness, and we give numerical evidence of the convergence of the method. This last aspect is proved in another paper.
Perceptual plasticity in spatial auditory displays
Authors: Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham, Timothy Streeter, Jean-François Gyss
Venue: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) (2005)

Often, virtual acoustic environments present cues that are inconsistent with an individual's normal experiences. Through training, however, an individual can at least partially adapt to such inconsistent cues through either short- [Kassem 1998; Shinn-Cunningham 2000; Shinn-Cunningham et al. 1998a, 1998b; Zahorik 2001] or long- [Hofman et al. 1998] term exposure. The type and degree of inconsistency as well as the length of training determine the final accuracy and consistency with which the subject can localize sounds [Shinn-Cunningham 2000]. The current experiments of short-term adaptation measure how localization bias (mean error) and resolution (precision) change when subjects are exposed to auditory cue rearrangements simpler than those previously investigated. These results, combined with those of earlier experiments, suggest that there is plasticity at many different levels of the spatial auditory processing pathway with different time scales governing the plasticity at different levels of the system. This view of spatial auditory plasticity has important implications for the design of spatial auditory displays.
Information assurance awareness: food sector
Authors: Clifford L. Butler
Venue:  (2005)

The government expressed concern following the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks that the food sector was unprepared to protect the nation's food system. No previous academic research examined security awareness in the food sector, and this study examined security awareness within the information technology staff at one large food manufacturer. The mixed method employed included pre-interviews and post-interviews with management and a survey of the 300 Information Technology staff. The study concluded that security awareness at this food manufacturer was concerning, as indicated by the mean score of 55.2% on the survey. The study revealed that several factors contributed towards improved security awareness, including the educational level of the employee involved and the timing and quantity of security training received.
Computer-based undergraduate curriculum materials exchange in the social sciences
Venue: ACM SIGSOC Bulletin (1974)

A mechanism for the discovery, review and distribution of computer-based educational materials pertaining to undergraduate teaching has been established by a project called CONDUIT. It maintains an advisory committee to coordinate activity in the social sciences. This committee of specialists in the combination of social science and computing serves as a review board: searching for materials, reviewing them, and recommending whether or not they should be disseminated. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player