ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
HW/SW implementation from abstract architecture models
Authors: Ahmed Amine Jerraya
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe (2007)

The evolution of technologies is enabling the integration of complex platforms in a single chip; called System-on-Chip, SoC. Modern SoC may include one or several CPU subsystems to execute software and sophisticated interconnect in addition to specific hardware subsystems. This is no more an advanced research topic for academia. 90% of SoCs designed since the start of the 130nm process include at least one CPU. Multimedia platforms (e.g. Nomadik and Nexperia) are already multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) using different kinds of programmable processors (e.g. DSPs and microcontrollers). This trend of building heterogeneous multi-processor SoCs will even accelerate. It is easy to imagine that the design of a SoC with more than a hundred processors will become a current practice in a few years time, e.g. with 45nm technology in 2008. Compared with conventional ASIC design, such a multi-processor SoC is a fundamental change in chip design. These chips will include very sophisticated interconnect such as networks-on-chips (NoC). Moreover, to achieve the required communication performances, each processor may use different local architectures and communication schemes (fast links, non standard memory organization and access).
An investigation of the impact of literacy training on performance gaps in the computer skills of low-performing eighth graders
Authors: Ellen Vasu
Venue:  (2006)

This research effort investigates relationships among factors that typically impact student performance in computer skills. The study utilizes a causal-comparative (ex post facto) research design to examine the effects of several variables on the computer skills of low performing eighth grade students. Students from two county school systems were selected for inclusion in comparison groups. The relative contribution of literacy training, reading comprehension, race, and family income will be considered using multiple regression analysis. The results will be examined for the difference in effect sizes and/or existence of interactions between variables. The findings will be summarized at the conclusion of the study, along with possible implications for future research and instructional planning.
ATOM: a flexible interface for building high performance program analysis tools
Authors: Alan Eustace, Amitabh Srivastava
Venue: Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings on USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings (1995)

Code instrumentation is a powerful mechanism for understanding program behavior. Unfortunately, code instrumentation is extremely difficult, and therefore has been mostly relegated to building special purpose tools for use on standard industry benchmark suites. ATOM (Analysis Tools with OM) provides a very flexible and efficient code instrumentation interface that allows powerful, high performance program analysis tools to be built with very little effort. This paper illustrates this flexibility by building five complete tools that span the interests of application programmers, computer architects, and compiler writers. This flexibility does not come at the expense of performance. Because ATOM uses procedure calls as the interface between the application and the analysis routines, the performance of each tool is similar to or greatly exceeds the best known hand-crafted implementations.
Severless Search and Authentication Protocols for RFID
Authors: Chiu C. Tan, Bo Sheng, Qun Li
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (2007)

With the increasing popularity of RFID applications, different authentication schemes have been proposed to provide security and privacy protection to users. Most recent RFID protocols use a central database to store the RFID tag data. An RFID reader first queries the RFID tag and returns the reply to the database. After authentication, the database returns the tag data to the reader. In this paper, we proposed a more flexible authentication protocol that provides comparable protection without the need for a central database. We also suggest a protocol for secure search for RFID tags. We believe that as RFID applications become widespread, the ability to search for RFID tags will be increasingly useful.
Implementation and evaluation of a real-time line echo bulk-delay estimator
Authors: P. Ramkumar
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

In applications of telephony in voice-over-IP, the delays associated with the line echoes vary significantly from call to call. Conventional line echo cancellers configured with a fixed bulk-delay yield poor performance under such conditions. This paper gives a detailed account of the implementation and evaluation of the automatic echo ranging (AER) algorithm used for bulk-delay estimation as well as its robustness and systems related issues.
On Modeling the Reliability of Data Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Faisal Karim Shaikh, Abdelmajid Khelil, Neeraj Suri
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (2007)

Data transport is a core function for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with different applications having varied requirements on the reliability and timeliness of data delivery. While node redundancy, inherent in WSNs, increases the fault tolerance, no guarantees on reliability levels can be assured. Furthermore, the frequent failures within WSNs impact the observed reliability over time and make it more challenging to achieve the desired reliability. Unfortunately, a framework for modeling reliability of data transport protocols in WSNs is currently missing. The existence of such a framework would simplify evaluation, comparison and also adaptation of these protocols. We formulate the problem of data transport in a WSN as a set of operations carried out on raw data. The operations aim at filtering the raw data to streamline its reliable transport towards the sink. Based on this formulation we systematically define a reliability framework. This paper argues for the usefulness of the reliability framework by classifying existing transport protocols and comparing their reliability.
Musical instrument recognition using cepstral coefficients and temporal features
Authors: A. Eronen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

In this paper, a system for pitch independent musical instrument recognition is presented. A wide set of features covering both spectral and temporal properties of sounds was investigated, and their extraction algorithms were designed. The usefulness of the features was validated using test data that consisted of 1498 samples covering the full pitch ranges of 30 orchestral instruments from the string, brass and woodwind families, played with different techniques. The correct instrument family was recognized with 94% accuracy and individual instruments in 80% of cases. These results are compared to those reported in other work. Also, utilization of a hierarchical classification framework is considered.
Women in engineering: influencing equity
Authors: S. Wood
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

Summary form only given. Statistics continue to demonstrate the lack of equal representation of women graduating with engineering degrees, and, concomitantly of women engineers, engineering managers and university engineering faculty in the US workforce. This presentation looks at statistics on women through the length of the "engineering pipeline" and the factors that influence their entry into and journey through that pipeline. Special focus is placed on the importance of role models, especially on the different needs they fulfil for women at different stages of their education and careers. Evidence indicates that decisions made at these key junctures-whether or not to enter or stay in an engineering degree program, whether or not to pursue an advanced engineering degree, whether or not to be a practicing engineer-may be influenced by different factors at different stages. An expanded definition of "role model" is explored. While role models are needed to prove to younger women that "women can do anything", they are also needed to bring about the cultural changes that will help bring more women behind them through the pipeline.
Determination of vocal-tract shapes from formant frequencies based on perturbation theory and interpolation method
Authors: Zhenli Yu, P. C. Ching
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1996)

Band-limited Fourier expansion, containing both odd and even components, has proven to be useful for representing human vocal-tract (VT) area function in the inverse problem of speech production. The Fourier coefficients can be estimated from the pole/zero frequencies of the VT transfer function. However, the difficulties encounted in determining the VT length and extracting zero frequencies from speech signal make this approach almost impossible to implement. This paper proposes an interpolation method that allows zero frequencies and the VT length to be derived accurately, and from which the VT area function can be determined subsequently based on perturbation theory. A root-cell code book is used to facilitate dynamic vowel-to-vowel (VV) transition. A computationally efficient implementation of the dynamic process for VV transition is presented. Simulation results are given.
Development of an automated via inspection station
Authors: T. Romney
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1996)

To produce smaller, more compact circuit boards many companies are turning to low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate technology. Critical to the process is the location and alignment of small holes, or vias, which allow electrical conduction between the different layers of the circuit board. Inspection of the vias continues to be carried out manually by most manufacturers of these boards. This paper describes a Sr. Capstone project to automate the via inspection process and develop an automated via inspection station. Through research and experimentation it was found that camera resolution and magnification factor were two of the most critical requirements in developing an accurate via inspection station.
A Lightweight Traffic Management Approach for Service Differentiation
Authors: Jorge Rodriguez Sanchez, Maria L. Garcia Osma, Antonio J. Elizondo Armengol
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Networking and Services (2007)

This paper presents a new Traffic Management solution suitable for "lightweight" QoS-based delivery services. The proposed mechanism not only can be deployed in an incremental fashion to the current besteffort Internet but it also interacts autonomously with existing intra-domain routing protocols to provide differentiated treatment to traffic belonging to distinct traffic classes within a common IP infrastructure, thus improving traffic performance while satisfying the requirements imposed by each of the traffic classes. The proposed solution has been successfully simulated, probing to be able to fulfil the QoS requirements without introducing significant complexity in either Control or Management Planes.
Gabor's discrete signal expansion and the discrete Gabor transform on a non-separable lattice
Authors: A. J. van Leest
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

Gabor's (1946) discrete signal expansion and the discrete Gabor transform are formulated on a general, non-separable time-frequency lattice instead of on the traditional rectangular lattice. The representation of the general lattice is based on the rectangular lattice via a shear operation, which corresponds to a description of the general lattice by means of a lattice generator matrix that has the Hermite normal form. The shear operation on the lattice is associated with simple operations on the signal, on the synthesis and the analysis window, and on Gabor's expansion coefficients; these operations consist of multiplications by quadratic phase terms. This procedure makes it possible to reuse algorithms, which are designed for a rectangular lattice only, to calculate the analysis window, Gabor's expansion coefficients and Gabor's expansion on a general non-separable lattice.
Student use of and attitudes about on-campus ALN
Authors: J. C. Ory
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference,1997. on 27th Annual Conference. Teaching and Learning in an Era of Change. - Volume 01 (1997)

In March of 1995, the Sloan Center for Asynchronous Learning Environments (SCALE) was established at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). SCALE is charged with organizing and directing a three year project to promote the use of asynchronous learning networks (ALN) at UIUC. Faculty involved in the Sloan Center are restructuring their undergraduate courses to incorporate various computer techniques associated with ALN. These ALN techniques include network-based access both to learning materials (e.g., multimedia tutorials, information on the World Wide Web) and to people (via conferencing software such as FirstClass or PacerForum). Computer conferencing was the primary ALN method used by faculty in the first semester. A comprehensive evaluation is being conducted of all SCALE activities. One aspect of the evaluation has been a survey of student use of and attitudes about ALN activities. In Fall 1995 the survey administered in SCALE courses focused on the most often used ALN application at the time-computer conferencing. In subsequent semesters two different surveys were used, one for courses using computer conferencing, and a second survey for courses incorporating Web-based activities. The purpose of this paper is to present results of the student surveys for the first three semesters of project.
The Dynamic Function Coupling Metric and Its Use in Software Evolution
Authors: Arpad Beszedes, Tamas Gergely, Szabolcs Farago, Tibor Gyimothy, Ferenc Fischer
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (2007)

Many of the existing techniques for impact set computation in change propagation and regression testing are approximate for the sake of efficiency. A way to improve precision is to apply dynamic analyses instead of static ones. The state-of-the-art dynamic impact analysis method is simple and efficient, but overly conservative and hence imprecise. In this paper we introduce the measure of Dynamic Function Coupling (DFC) between two functions or methods, which we use to define a more precise way of computing impact sets on function level with a scalable rate of recall. The intuition behind our approach is that the "closer' the execution of a function is to the execution of another function in some of the runs of the program, the more likely they are really dependent on each other. So, impact sets may be computed based on this kind of coupling. We provide experimental data to support the validity of the concept, which essentially show that the impact set of a function consisting of only strongly DFC-coupled functions has twice the precision compared to the conservative method.
Voice-activated AGC for teleconferencing
Authors: P. L. Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

In a group teleconference, sound pressure levels at the microphone vary due to variations in speaking distances and loudness. The conventional automatic gain control (AGC) appropriately adjusts the microphone gain so as to achieve a constant level. However, due to the lack of discrimination between speech and nonspeech sounds, nonspeech sounds can cause the gain to increase, giving rise to "noise pumping" or big increases in the background noise when no one is talking. In this paper, an AGC is described which uses a speech detector that examines stationarity of pitch and energy to discriminate speech against sounds like air conditioning, doors closing, footsteps, etc. For any gain increase to occur, a positive speech detection must be declared, thereby eliminating any "noise pumping" artifacts. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Toward a theory to study the use of collaborative product commerce for product development
Authors: Indranil R. Bardhan
Venue: Information Technology and Management (2007)

Collaborative product commerce (CPC) solutions span software and services which permit individuals to share product data to improve the design, development, and management of products throughout the product development lifecycle. Drawing upon prior developments in adaptive structuration theory (AST) and media richness theory, I develop a theoretical framework to better understand the role of CPC in enabling collaboration in a product development environment. I study the impact of CPC on product design and development processes using a cross-sectional survey of 36 firms. The study reveals that CPC usage varies across different phases of the product development lifecycle. Preliminary results indicate that CPC has enabled firms to collaborate effectively with external stakeholders, which has resulted in tangible business benefits. I conclude by developing several research propositions which provide a roadmap for conducting future empirical research to measure the impact of CPC on product development, and highlight potential research topics that can be explored.
Automated Deployment Support for Parallel Distributed Computing
Authors: Magdalena Sawinska, Dawid Kurzyniec, Jarosaw Sawinski, Vaidy Sunderam
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (2007)

Heterogeneous distributed computing platforms continue to require substantial effort in terms of software installation and management for efficient use, often necessitating manual intervention by resource providers and end-users. In this paper we propose a novel model of resource sharing that is a viable alternative to that commonly adopted in the grid community. Our model shifts the resource virtualization and aggregation responsibilities to software at the client side, taking these burdens away from resource providers. Following this model, we have designed the Zero-Force MPI toolkit that automates installation, run, and post-processing stages of HPC applications, thus allowing application scientists to focus on using computational resources instead of managing them. Through the provided console, MPI can be soft-installed across a set of distributed resources with just a few commands. The prototype implementation of the ZF-MPI toolkit is based on FTMPI. To evaluate the toolkit, we conducted experiments with deploying and executing the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Results demonstrate that the run-not-install approach exemplified by ZF-MPI is effective and may substantially increase productivity of application execution.
Fast, Reliable & Secure Digital Communication Using Hadamard Matrices
Authors: S. K. Pal
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing: Theory and Applications (2007)

The symmetric, orthogonal and self-inverting properties of Hadamard matrices make them useful for a number of present day applications. In addition, the binary nature of elements of the basis vectors helps in the design of efficient algorithms for coding, compression and security of digital media together with their compact hardware realization. This paper presents schemes for providing fast, reliable and secure communications over resource constrained wireless networks using Hadamard matrices. Error-correction and bandwidth expansion capabilities are demonstrated for unobtrusive communication of text and speech. Fast encryption of speech signal using permutations on Hadamard matrices is demonstrated. Techniques for extending the key-space for improving the security of such schemes are also reported.
System frequency response phase estimation based on skewness or kurtosis maximization
Authors: J. Le Roux
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (2000)

Higher order statistics are efficient for estimating the characteristics of linear systems frequency response, especially in terms of phases. Interesting methods are those based on kurtosis maximization. These methods have been developed essentially in the time domain. We give their transcription in terms of frequency response phases. These methods have been developed when the higher order spectrum is accurately estimated. Here we show through simulations and some partial theoretical justifications that they are also useful when the higher order spectrum estimate is not accurate.
Rate-constrained hierarchical motion estimation using BFOS tree pruning
Authors: Hao Bi
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1996)

The rate-distortion efficiency of motion compensation is improved by employing a nonuniformly sampled displacement field. The field is constructed based on a hierarchy of component displacement fields. Using block matching, the component displacement vectors are determined in a successive refinement manner, from the coarsest level to the finest level of the hierarchy. Based on the hierarchical block-matching motion compensation, a tree is constructed whose nodes are labelled with the distortions and bit rates resulting from the compensation. The BFOS algorithm is used to efficiently find pruned subtrees of the tree. Each pruned subtree corresponds to a nonuniformly sampled displacement field that furnishes the best rate-distortion performance. Compared to the conventional fixed-size block matching algorithm, and under the some bit-rate constraint, our hierarchical algorithm improves the average PSNR by up to 2.2 dB and offers superior subjective video quality.
Extending a traditional OS using object-oriented techniques
Authors: Jose M. Bernabeu-Auban, Vlada Matena, Yousef A. Khalidi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies (COOTS) - Volume 2 (1996)

This paper describes a new object infrastructure designed for tightly-coupled distributed systems. The infrastructure includes an object model, interface-to-C++ translator, an object request broker (ORB) based on the CORBA architecture model, and a transport layer. The infrastructure allows the use of multiple data marshalling handlers, includes object recovery features, and provides remote communication through a mechanism called xdoors. The object infrastructure has been used to extend the SolarisTM operating system into a prototype clustered operating system called Solaris MC. This illustrates how the CORBA object model can be used to extend an existing UNIX implementation into a distributed operating system. It also shows the advantages of defining strong kernel component interfaces in the IDL interface definition language. Finally, Solaris MC illustrates how C++ can be used for kernel development, coexisting with previous code.