ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of e-commerce: an analysis of the adoption of four e-commerce activities
Authors: Matthew S. Eastin
Venue: Telematics and Informatics (2002)

The Internet has the ability to function as a business medium. Over one-third of US residents use the Internet, and nearly 40% use it as a medium of business (electronic-commerce). As this percentage continues to grow, so does the need to understand why and how users choose to adopt. This information will afford researchers and e-commerce providers a better understanding of how to facilitate future adoption. Through the diffusion of innovations model, this study revisits traditional and current concepts of adoption by investigating the adoption of four e-commerce activities currently available to Internet users: (1) online shopping, (2) online banking, (3) online investing, and (4) electronic payment for an Internet service (i.e., access to exclusive sites). Results indicate that six attributes common to the diffusion model (i.e., perceived convenience and financial benefits, risk, previous use of the telephone for a similar purpose, self-efficacy, and Internet use) all play a significant role in the adoption processes. Results also indicate that when users decide to adopt one of these activities they tend to adopt another. Finally, a discussion explores how to extend the model identified in this study by assessing possible negative outcomes of diffusion.
Asymptotic convergence of scheduling policies with respect to slowdown
Authors: Mor Harchol-Balter, Karl Sigman, Adam Wierman
Venue: Performance Evaluation (2002)

We explore the performance of an M/GI/1 queue under various scheduling policies from the perspective of a new metric: the slowdown experienced by the largest jobs. We consider scheduling policies that bias against large jobs, towards large jobs, and those that are fair, e.g., processor-sharing (PS). We prove that as job size increases to infinity, all work conserving policies converge almost surely with respect to this metric to no more than 1/(1 - ρ), where ρ denotes the load. We also find that the expected slowdown under any work conserving policy can be made arbitrarily close to that under PS, for all job sizes that are sufficiently large.
A trace model for system requirements changes on embedded systems
Authors: Antje von Knethen
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution (2001)

Technical systems play an important role in our daily lives. Most systems have to be changed during their lifetime, but cost estimates of changes are often inaccurate and implementation of changes is time consuming and cost intensive. Planning and performing changes can be supported by precise impact analysis. Traditionally, impact analysis has been something that software professionals do intuitively, after some cursory examination of code and documentation. But, empirical investigation shows that even experienced software professionals predict incomplete sets of change impacts. This paper introduces an approach that focuses on impact analysis of system requirements changes and that is suited for embedded control systems. The approach is based on a fine-grained trace model. Empirical studies show that the approach allows a more effective impact analysis of changes on embedded systems.
Modeling Concurrency in Rule-Based Development Environments
Authors: Naser S. Barghouti, Gail E. Kaiser
Venue: IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications (1990)

The problem of cooperative work in the software development domain is explored, and a solution that combines object-oriented programming with rule-based modeling is proposed. The solution divides the problem into three components: how to detect potential conflicts between developers' concurrent activities, how to specify the consistency requirements of a project, and how to use the consistency specification to resolve potential conflicts. The focus is on the first component; the other two are merely sketched. The solution exploits recent advances in object-oriented databases, extended transaction models, and computer-supported cooperative work, all of which provide clues as to how to support cooperation while guaranteeing data consistencyed.
Robo-Mop Gets Wrung Out [Software-Related Patents]
Venue: Computer (1994)

It's a mistake to underestimate the power of a US patent, especially in the hands of a direct competitor. One jury valued a software-related patent at $120 million-a large verdict for any kind of patent. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Keyframe-Based User Interfaces for Digital Video
Authors: Andreas Girgensohn, John Boreczky, Lynn Wilcox
Venue: Computer (2001)

To meet the diverse needs of business, education, and personal video users, the authors developed three visual interfaces that help identify potentially useful or relevant video segments. In such interfaces, keyframes¿still images automatically extracted from video footage¿can distinguish videos, summarize them, and provide access points. Well-chosen keyframes enhance a listing's visual appeal and help users select videos.Keyframe selection can vary depending on the application's requirements: A visual summary of a video-captured meeting may require only a few highlight keyframes, a video editing system might need a keyframe for every clip, while a browsing interface requires an even distribution of keyframes over the video's full length.The authors conducted user studies for each of their three interfaces, gathering input for subsequent interface improvements. The studies revealed that finding a similarity measure for collecting video clips into groups that more closely match human perception poses a challenge. Another challenge is to further improve the video-segmentation algorithm used for selecting keyframes. A new version will provide users with more information and control without sacrificing the interface's ease of use.
Analysis of Optimal Properties of Practical Stability of Dynamic Systems
Authors: F. G. Garashchenko, V. V. Pichkur
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems Analysis (2002)

Properties and approximation algorithms for inclusion-optimal sets of practical stability are presented. Their correlation is shown for some kinds of dynamic systems. Stability time estimation is analysed for a finite interval.
Wider Coverage
Authors: Yervant Zorian
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2000)

IEEE Design & Test of Computers continues its coverage of a wide range of topics to contribute to professional advancement of its readers and to advance the state of the art in electronic design and test. With this issue, D&T goes beyond its traditional coverage by extending the above contribution to people attending the IEEE International Test Conference (ITC) 2000 and by featuring a broader topical coverage. The readership increase of this issue and wide selection of articles are courtesy of an annual grant from the ITC. This grant sponsors 32 additional pages in the July-Sept. issue with a timely test technology theme. The same grant allows us to widen the readership of this issue by distribution to all ITC attendees. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Applications of a Laser-Induced Plasma Pathway to Testing of Electronic Modules
Authors: Karl R. Umstadter, Don L. Millard, Robert C. Block
Venue: IEEE Design Test (1993)

The authors discuss further developments and experimental applications of an in situ noncontact testing (NCT) system for printed-wire boards (PWBs). The results demonstrate the system's ability to overdrive logic circuits using the signal injection, making it an excellent means for analyzing operating hardware without disruption. The results also indicate that the NCT probe can serve well as a low-cost front end for test systems already in service.
Battle for Control of Encryption Technology
Venue: IEEE Software (1993)

The two sides in the conflict for encryption control are described. In the first camp are law-enforcement and intelligence agencies-the National Security Agency and the FBI-who wish to use wire surveillance as a tool to combat crime, primarily narcotics, but also industrial espionage and anything that threatens national security. In the second camp are the computer and telephone companies that must comply with any new legal requirements. Efforts to stop the widespread use of encryption dating back to the 1970s, when expertise in encryption expanded beyond US intelligence agencies and law-enforcement agencies began to see the need to assert their control of public encryption, are discussed. Current legislative and administrative efforts to limit further advances in encryption technology are also discussed.
Theory and Design of T-Unidirectional Error-Correcting and D-Unidirectional Error-Detecting Code
Authors: D. K. Ray-Chaudhuri, N. M. Singhi, S. Sanyal, P. S. Subramanian
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (1994)

The basic theory of t-UEC d-UED codes is developed. Methods for construction of such codes from symmetric error-correcting and asymmetric error-correcting codes are developed. Some bounds for t-EC d-UED codes are improved. Encoding/decoding procedures for these codes are discussed.
3D User Interfaces for General-Purpose 3D Animation
Authors: Jean-Francis Balaguer, Enrico Gobbetti
Venue: Computer (1996)

Modern 3D animation systems let a growing number of people generate increasingly sophisticated animated movies, frequently for tutorials or multimedia documents. However, although these tasks are inherently three dimensional, these systems' user interfaces are still predominantly two dimensional. This makes it difficult to interactively input complex animated 3D movements. We have developed Virtual Studio, an inexpensive and easy-to-use 3D animation environment in which animators can perform all interaction directly in three dimensions. Animators can use 3D devices to specify complex 3D motions. Virtual tools are visible mediators that provide interaction metaphors to control application objects. An underlying constraint solver lets animators tightly couple application and interface objects. Users define animation by recording the effect of their manipulations on models. Virtual Studio applies data-reduction techniques to generate editable representations of each animated element that is manipulated.
A bijection between ordered trees and 2-Motzkin paths and its many consequences
Authors: Emeric Deutsch, Louis W. Shapiro
Venue: Discrete Mathematics (2002)

A new bijection between ordered trees and 2-Motzkin paths is presented, together with its numerous consequences regarding ordered trees as well as other combinatorial structures such as Dyck paths, bushes, {0, 1, 2}-trees, Schröder paths, RNA secondary structures, noncrossing partitions, Fine paths, and Davenport-Schinzel sequences.
Response times in a two-node queueing network with feedback
Authors: R. D. Van der Mei, B. M. M. Gijsen, N. in't Veld, J. L. van den Berg
Venue: Performance Evaluation (2002)

The study presented in this paper is motivated by the performance analysis of response times in distributed information systems, where transactions are handled by iterative server and database actions. We model system response times as sojourn times in a two-node open queueing network with a processor sharing (PS) node and a first-come-first-served (FCFS) node. External customers arrive at the PS node according to a Poisson process. After departing from the PS node a customer proceeds to the FCFS node with probability p, and with probability 1 - p the customer departs from the system. After a visit to the FCFS node, customers are fed back to the PS node. The service requirements at both nodes are exponentially distributed. The model is a Jackson network, admitting a product-from solution for the joint number of customers at the nodes, immediately leading to a closed-form expression for the mean sojourn times in steady-state. The variance of the sojourn times, however, does not admit an exact expression-the complexity is caused by the possibility of overtaking. In this paper we propose a methodology for deriving simple, explicit and fast-to-evaluate approximations for the variance of the sojourn times. Numerical results demonstrate that the approximations are very accurate in most model instances.
A Fast Selection Algorithm for Meshes with Multiple Broadcasting
Authors: D. Bhagavathi, P. J. Looges, S. Olariu, J. L. Schwing, J. Zhang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (1994)

One of the fundamental algorithmic problems in computer science involves selecting thekth smallest element in a collection A of n elements. We propose an algorithm designmethodology to solve the selection problem on meshes with multiple broadcasting. Ourmethodology leads to a selection algorithm that runs in O(n/sup 1/8/(log n)/sup 3/4/))time on a mesh with multiple broadcasting of size n/sup 3/8/(log n)/sup 1/4//spltimes/n/sup 5/8//(log n)/sup 1/4/. This result is optimal over a large class of selectionalgorithms. Our result shows that just as for semigroup computations, selection can bedone faster on suitably chosen rectangular meshes than on square meshes.
Implementation of Adaptive Fuzzy Control for a Real-Time Control Demo-Model
Authors: Da Ruan
Venue: Real-Time Systems (2001)

From 1995&ndash;1999 a R D project on fuzzy control applications to the Belgian Reactor 1 (BR1) was conducted at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK&middot;CEN). Due to the safety regulations of the nuclear reactor, it is not realistic to perform many experiments at BR1. In this situation, part of the pre-processing experiments had to be carried outside the reactor (e.g., comparisons of different methods and the preliminary choices of the parameters). Therefore a water-level control system, referred to as a real-time control demo-model, was designed and constructed. In this paper, the construction of the demo-model and related hardware aspects is firstly outlined, then the results of a fuzzy control (Mamdani-type) and an adaptive fuzzy control are presented. The adaptive fuzzy control is a fuzzy control with an adaptive function that can self-regulate the fuzzy control rules. Finally, an implementation of a computer simulation is introduced with an adaptive fuzzy control for this real-time control demo-model.
Using Coplink to Analyze Criminal-Justice Data
Authors: Roslin V. Hauck, Homa Atabakhsh, Pichai Ongvasith, Harsh Gupta, Hsinchun Chen
Venue: Computer (2002)

In criminal justice systems, incompatible content and information formats often create barriers to data accessand utilization that make knowledgemanagement a complex and daunting process. To address these problems, the authors undertook the Coplink project,which bridges the gap between conducting technology research and helping police officers fight crime.University of Arizona researchers originally generated the concept space approach to facilitate semantic retrieval of information. Although Coplink's current incarnation demonstrates its potential as a tool for enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement, new technologies will provide opportunities for making the system even more useful.Meanwhile, several user studies have shown that this system also improves searching and browsing in the engineering and biomedicine domains.
Image Map Correspondence for Mobile Robot Self-Location Using Computer Graphics
Authors: R. Talluri, J. K. Aggarwal
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (1993)

The use of computer graphics in estimating the position of an autonomous mobile robot navigating in an outdoor mountainous environment is discussed. A digital elevation map (DEM) of the area in which the robot is to navigate is given, and the robot is equipped with a camera that can be panned and tilted, a compass, and an altimeter. The position of the robot is estimated by establishing a correspondence between the images acquired by the camera on the robot (actual images) and the images generated from the DEM (predicted images) using computer graphics techniques. Features are extracted from the predicted images and the actual images that are used in establishing the correspondence. The features used are the horizon line contours (HLCs) in the images. To reduce the search space a constrained search paradigm is used. Geometric constraints help prune the search space significantly.
A Tool Shell for Tracking Design Decisions
Authors: Guillermo Arango, Laurent Bruneau, Jean-Francois Cloarec, Albert Feroldi
Venue: IEEE Software (1991)

An extensible conceptual model for recording design decisions and other supporting information is described along with the tool shell OSC in which it is embedded. The OSC shell consists of a design database and a family of query, manipulation, and extension facilities. The design database maintains a record of the design process. The extension facilities can be used to enrich the design database scheme incrementally and create new query or manipulation facilities. The core model provides a base language for describing the design process. Extension facilities augment this basis with more powerful, customized facilities. The implementation of the OSC shell using ESSAIM, an expert-system shell based on Smalltalk, is discussed.
Cancer Resources on the Internet, 1st edition
Authors: M. Sandra Wood, Eric P. DeLozier
Venue:  (1998)

:Cancer Resources on the Internet shows cancer patients, their families, and oncology health care professionals how the Internet can be used to locate information about the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of different forms of cancer, locate specialized treatment centers around the world; facilitate support groups; and provide a mechanism for individuals to share experiences and stories. This book includes a discussion of the quality of information on the Net (and how to assess it); evaluations of Web sites in terms of user-friendliness, content, and clarity, and advice on how to conduct a focused, subject-specific search.
Java Use in Mobile Information Devices: Introducing JTRON
Authors: Shouichi Hachiya
Venue: IEEE Micro (2001)

Using java, next-generation mobile devices can serve as highly functionally distributed systems. The JTRON specification achieves real-time performance in java-based mobile systems.
Non-Redundant 2D Strings
Authors: Gennaro Costagliola, Filomena Ferrucci, Genoveffa Tortora, Maurizio Tucci
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (1995)

In the present paper, we introduce a variation of the 2D string representation for symbolic pictures, the non-redundant 2D string, and analyze it with respect to compactness and non ambiguity. It results that the non-redundant 2D string is a more compact representation than the 2D string, and that the class of unambiguous pictures under the non-redundant 2D string is almost equal to the class of unambiguous pictures under the reduced 2D string [2], up to a special case. Moreover, we show that the compactness of the new index does not affect the time complexity of picture retrieval.
Search for efficient device-dependent action sequences in the user interface
Authors: A. Simpson, Robert St. Amant
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2003)

This paper describes a design tool, under development, that identifies efficient low-level action sequences in the user interface, accounting for the relationships between the physical properties of an input device and the requirements of primitive tasks. A device representation and a task taxonomy are presented. These, along with a library of efficiency measures for specific devices, provide information to steer search through the space of action sequences.
Bus optimization for low-power data path synthesis based on network flow method
Authors: Sungpack Hong, Taewhan Kim
Venue: Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2000)

Sub-micron feature sizes have resulted in a considerable portion of power to be dissipated on the buses, causing an increased attention on savings for power at the behavioral level and RT level of design. This paper addresses the problem of minimizing power dissipated in switching of the buses in data path synthesis. Unlike the previous approaches in which minimization of the power consumed in buses has not been considered until operation scheduling is completed, our approach integrates the bus binding problem into scheduling to exploit the impact of scheduling on reduction of power dissipated on the buses more fully and effectively. We accomplish this by formulating the problem into a flow problem in a network, and devising an efficient algorithm which iteratively finds maximum flow of minimum cost solutions in the network. Experimental results on a number of benchmark problems show that given resource and global timing constraints our designs are 22% power-efficient over the designs produced by a random-move based solution, and 18% power-efficient over the designs by a clock-step based optimal solution.
E-Mail Etiquette: Do's, Don'ts, and Disaster Tales from People Magazine's Internet Manners Expert
Authors: Samantha Miller
Venue:  (2001)

:Everyone uses e-mail these days, but not everyone knows how to. E-MAIL ETIQUETTE will change all of that.This guide to polite and productive electronic mail use at home or in the office will be a must-read for everyone. Irritated by friends who clog your in-box with too frequent (and too frequently foolish) forwards? Confused about how to send an e-mail to a potential client? Want to dump your latest beau via e-mail? (Don't! Once you send it, you can't control who sees it.) E-MAIL ETIQUETTE has the answers to all of these questions and more. Loaded with tips and advice, E-MAIL ETIQUETTE will help readers navigate the tricky terrain of using e-mail to further their career, social life, and everything in between. Author Biography: Samantha Miller writes the Q & A column on Internet manners for People magazine, which has a readership of over 34.5 million people, making her the best-known e-manners guru, by far. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Solving Dynamic Equilibrium Models by a Method of Undetermined Coefficients
Authors: Lawrence J. Christiano
Venue: Computational Economics (2002)

I present an undetermined coefficients method for obtaining a linear approximating to the solution of a class of dynamic, rational expectations models. I also show how that solution can be used to compute a model's implications for impulse response functions and for second moments.
Embracing Change with Extreme Programming
Authors: Kent Beck
Venue: Computer (1999)

Traditional software engineering means have been characterized by a rather predictable process in the past. Users tell once and for all exactly what they want. Programmers design the system that will deliver those features. They code it, test it, and all is well. But all was not always well. The users didn't tell once and for all exactly what they wanted. They changed their minds. And the users weren't the only problem. Programmers could misjudge their progress. The academic software engineering community took the high cost of changing software as a challenge, creating technologies like relational databases, modular programming, and information hiding. This is where Extreme Programming comes in. Rather than planning, analyzing, and designing for the far-flung future, XP exploits the reduction in the cost of changing software to do all of these activities a little at a time, throughout software development. According to the author, XP is by no means a finished, polished idea. The limits of its application are not clear. To try it today would require courage, flexibility, and a willingness to abandon the project if necessary.