ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A case study on how to manage the theft of information
Authors: Robert M. Polstra,  III
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Information security curriculum development (2005)

This paper shows the importance that management plays in the protection of information and in the planning to handle a security breach when a theft of information happens. Recent thefts of information that have hit major companies have caused concern. These thefts were caused by companies' inability to determine risks associated with the protection of their data and these companies lack of planning to properly manage a security breach when it occurs. It is becoming necessary, if not mandatory, for organizations to perform ongoing risk analysis to protect their systems. Organizations need to realize that the theft of information is a management issue as well as a technology one, and that these recent security breaches were mainly caused by business decisions by management and not a lack of technology.
High Performance Iris Recognition Based on LDA and LPCC
Authors: Chia Te Chu, Ching-Han Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (2005)

In this paper, the iris recognition algorithm based on LPCC and LDA is first presented. So far, the two algorithms are not found for iris recognition in literature. In addition, a simple and fast training algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), is also introduced for training the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) . Finally, a comparative experiment of existing methods for iris recognition is evaluated on CASIA iris image databases. The proposed algorithms can achieve 100% recognition rates and the result is encouraging.
First-Order Performance Prediction of Cache Memory with Wafer-Level3D Integration
Authors: Annie (Yujuan) Zeng, James (JianQiang) Lu, Kenneth Rose, Ronald J. Gutmann
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2005)

The advantages of 3D design can be exploited by reducing the memoryaccess time. In this article, the authors use a simulator based on analyticalmodels to build an optimal processor-memory configuration for two designs:a graphics processor and a microprocessor.
Eliciting Requirements by Analysing Threats Caused by Users
Authors: Elena Ivankina, Camille Salinesi
Venue: Proceedings of the Third ACIS Int'l Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (2005)

Eliciting requirements is an important issue of system development projects. Some approaches propose to identify requirements by analysing system malfunctioning. Different sources of malfunctioning are dealt with by these approaches: obstacles, conflicts, risks, etc. Our proposal is to analyse each of these sources of malfunctioning using a single notion that we call "threat". We propose to use this notion in a method that guides the identijication and analysing of each of these sources of malfunctioning. The method helps eliciting requirements toprevent the threat. A threat is defined by a number of variables. This paper presents a literature review of all threats that relate to users. The review is based on a framework that includes several perspectives to analyse user error. The user threats is part of a global threats classification that also covers hardware, environment, design and project types of threats.
Establishing and protecting digital identity in federation systems
Authors: Abhilasha Bhargav-Spantzel, Anna C. Squicciarini, Elisa Bertino
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on Digital identity management (2005)

We develop solutions for the security and privacy of user identity information in a federation. By federation we mean a group of organizations or service providers which have built trust among each other and enable sharing of user identity information amongst themselves. We first propose a flexible approach to establish a single sign-on (SSO) ID in the federation. Then we show how a user can leverage this SSO ID to establish certified and un-certified user identity attributes without the dependence on PKI for user authentication. This makes the process more usable and privacy preserving. Our major contribution in this paper is a novel solution for protection against identity theft of these identity attributes. We provide protocols based on cryptographic techniques, namely zero knowledge proofs and distributed hash tables. We show how we can preserve privacy of the user identity without jeopardizing security. We formally prove correctness and provide complexity results for our protocols. The complexity results show that our approach is efficient. In the paper we also show that the protocol is robust enough even in case semi-trusted "honest-yet curious" service providers thus preventing against insider threat. In our analysis we give the desired properties of the cryptographic tools used and identify open problems. We believe that the approach represents a precursor to new and innovative cryptographic techniques which can provide solutions for the security and privacy problems in federated identity management.
Security policy consistency and distributed evaluation in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Sotiris Ioannidis
Venue:  (2005)

Modern computing environments involve a multitude of components working in concert to provide services to users. Computer elements, network elements, operating systems, applications, users, etc. must to be constantly managed and controlled to prevent unintended or illegal accesses that could compromise the system. Such systems rely on a security policy, namely a set of rules that define what actions are allowed and disallowed to be performed in the system, defined by policy makers to control its behavior. To avoid failures (i) information about the state of the system must be readily available to the enforcement elements, for them to make decisions according to the specified security policy, and at the same time (ii) the security policy itself must be maintained in a consistent state across the multitude of system elements. This dissertation addresses the problem of security policy consistency in decentralized heterogeneous systems. We present two novel ways for maintaining consistency in this type of environments. First, by using both static (compile time) and dynamic (run time) techniques, in which security policies are examined against each other and possible inconsistencies are identified. Second, we demonstrate how it is possible for multiple security elements to dynamically share and exchange state information, to consistently enforce security policies that span multiple access control nodes.
Augmenting everyday life with sentient artefacts
Authors: Fahim Kawsar, Kaori Fujinami, Tatsuo Nakajima
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies (2005)

The paper introduces sentient artefacts, our everyday life objects augmented with sensors to provide value added services. Such artefacts can be used to capture users context in an intuitive way, as they do not require any explicit interactions. These artefacts enable us to develop context aware application by capturing everyday scenarios effectively. In the paper we present a daily life scenario, and then demonstrate how such scenarios can be implemented effectively using applications that integrate multiple sentient artefacts.
Analysis and reconstruction of the tiling of Alcazar in Seville using computer vision tools
Authors: Francisco Albert, José M. Gomis, Margarita Valor
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia (2005)

This paper describes different tools, developed by the authors, for the comprehensive analysis and cataloguing of Islamic design patterns from digital images, in the context of the Plane Symmetry Groups theory. For validation of the results, was chosen the ceramic tiles of the Real Alcazar of Seville (Spain), a palace built in the 14th century, highly decorated with ceramic mosaics whose patterns were designed using a specific technique called "lacer&iacute;as" (interweaving manufacturing technique in tiling, where the pieces seem to be interweaved). This fact together with its handcraft nature has required the development of specific stages for design pattern analysis.
Application of General Perception-Based QoS Model to Find Providers' Responsibilities. Case Study: User Perceived Web Service Performance.
Authors: Fidel Liberal, Armando Ferro, Jose L. Jodra, Jose O. Fajardo
Venue: Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services (2005)

This paper presents a comprehensive model intended to analyze quality of service in telecommunications services and its causes. Although many works have been published in this area, both from a technical viewpoint as well as taking into consideration subjective concerns, they have not resulted in a unique methodology to assess the experienced quality. While most of the studies consider the quality of service only from a technical and end-to-end point of view, we try to analyze quality of service as a general gauge of final users' satisfaction. The proposed model allows us to estimate the quality experienced by end users, while offering detailed results regarding the responsibility of the different agents involved in the service provision. Once we overview the most significant elements of the model, an in-depth analytical study is detailed. Finally, we illustrate a practical study for web browsing service in order to validate the theoretical model.
D&eacute;tection automatique des groupes d'interactions
Authors: Maisonnasse Jérôme, Brdiczka Oliver
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd French-speaking conference on Mobility and ubiquity computing (2005)

This work brings a new perception to intelligent environments for human activity recognition. To understand human activities, we need to differentiate users concerned and their interpersonal links. We propose a new group interaction detection tool based on an assumption that conversational turn taking is synchronized inside groups. We assess HMM-based and algorithmic approaches to build a detector which is able to segment interaction groups from speech detection. Both approaches show good results thus confirm the conversational hypothesis.
Analysis and extension of spectral methods for nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Fei Sha, Lawrence K. Saul
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning (2005)

Many unsupervised algorithms for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, such as locally linear embedding (LLE) and Laplacian eigenmaps, are derived from the spectral decompositions of sparse matrices. While these algorithms aim to preserve certain proximity relations on average, their embeddings are not explicitly designed to preserve local features such as distances or angles. In this paper, we show how to construct a low dimensional embedding that maximally preserves angles between nearby data points. The embedding is derived from the bottom eigenvectors of LLE and/or Laplacian eigenmaps by solving an additional (but small) problem in semidefinite programming, whose size is independent of the number of data points. The solution obtained by semidefinite programming also yields an estimate of the data's intrinsic dimensionality. Experimental results on several data sets demonstrate the merits of our approach.
Access Point Power Saving in Solar/Battery Powered IEEE 802.11 ESS Mesh Networks
Authors: Yangyang Li, Terence D. Todd, Dongmei Zhao
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (2005)

IEEE 802.11 access point (AP) power saving is an important feature for solar/battery powered ESS mesh networks. In this paper we propose a media access control (MAC) protocol for power-aware multihop infrastructure, based on extensions to IEEE 802.11(e). A power saving mesh AP includes a network allocation map (NAM) in its beacon broadcasts which specifies its temporal operation, and thus coordinates traffic delivery and power saving at both end stations and at the AP. A simple algorithm is proposed for dynamically updating channel activities so that best-effort traffic load changes can be quickly accommodated. Simulation and analytic results are presented for the proposed system which show that the proposed protocol and algorithm can achieve good AP power consumption without any significant end station performance degradation.
User requirements for intelligent home environments: a scenario-driven approach and empirical cross-cultural study
Authors: Carsten Röcker, Maddy D. Janse, Nathalie Portolan, Norbert Streitz
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies (2005)

This paper presents the results of an empirical cross-cultural study conducted at six different sites in five European countries in the context of the EU IST-IP project AMIGO, Ambient Intelligence for the Networked Home Environment [1]. The study employed a scenario-driven approach and used quantitative and qualitative methods to elicit feedback from the target user population on concepts for intelligent home environments. The results are clustered and transformed in prioritized design guidelines.
A monadic approach for avoiding code duplication when staging memoized functions
Authors: Kedar Swadi, Walid Taha, Oleg Kiselyov, Emir Pasalic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Partial evaluation and semantics-based program manipulation (2006)

Building program generators that do not duplicate generated code can be challenging. At the same time, code duplication can easily increase both generation time and runtime of generated programs by an exponential factor. We identify an instance of this problem that can arise when memoized functions are staged. Without addressing this problem, it would be impossible to effectively stage dynamic programming algorithms. Intuitively, direct staging undoes the effect of memoization. To solve this problem once and for all, and for any function that uses memoization, we propose a staged monadic combinator library. Experimental results confirm that the library works as expected. Preliminary results also indicate that the library is useful even when memoization is not used.
Control-flow integrity
Authors: Martín Abadi, Mihai Budiu, Úlfar Erlingsson, Jay Ligatti
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security (2005)

Current software attacks often build on exploits that subvert machine-code execution. The enforcement of a basic safety property, Control-Flow Integrity (CFI), can prevent such attacks from arbitrarily controlling program behavior. CFI enforcement is simple, and its guarantees can be established formally even with respect to powerful adversaries. Moreover, CFI enforcement is practical: it is compatible with existing software and can be done efficiently using software rewriting in commodity systems. Finally, CFI provides a useful foundation for enforcing further security policies, as we demonstrate with efficient software implementations of a protected shadow call stack and of access control for memory regions.
Handheld Projectors for Mixing Physical and Digital Textures
Authors: Paul Beardsley, Clifton Forlines, Ramesh Raskar, Jeroen VanBaar
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03 (2005)

Handheld projectors offer a new type of display modality, not tied to a physical screen or to a fixed projection area, yet providing a larger display than is available from a handheld device with fixed screen. This paper begins with a review of our prototype handheld projector, and describes our work on interaction using a cursor that can be tracked across the projection. The most immediate use for such a device is to support existing applications like web-browsing. We show examples of this type of application. But there is a broader question too - does a handheld projector support new types of application that are not available with a physical screen or a fixed projection? We describe two applications that illustrate how the combination of handheld projection plus interaction supports ways to interact with the physical world that are much more natural than via conventional displays.
Logic-based natural language understanding in intelligent tutoring systems
Authors: Octav Popescu
Venue:  (2005)

High-precision Natural Language Understanding is needed in Geometry Tutoring to accurately determine the semantic content of students' explanations. The thesis presents a Natural Language Understanding system developed in the context of the Geometry Cognitive Tutor. The system combines unification-based syntactic processing with Description Logic based semantics to achieve the necessary accuracy level. The thesis examines in detail the main problem faced by a natural language understanding system in the geometry tutor, that of accurately determining the semantic content of students' input. It then reviews alternative approaches used in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and presents some difficulties these approaches have in addressing the main problem. The thesis proceeds to describe the system architecture of our approach, as well as the compositional process of building the syntactic structure and the semantic interpretation of students' explanations. The syntactic and semantic processing of natural language are described in detail, as well as solutions for specific natural language understanding problems, like metonymy resolution and reference resolution. The thesis also discusses a number of problems occurring in determining semantic equivalence of natural language input and shows how our approach deals with them. The classification performance of the adopted solution is evaluated on data collected during a recent classroom study and is compared to a Na&iuml;ve Bayes approach. The generality of our solution is demonstrated in a practical experiment of porting the approach to a new semantic domain, Algebra. The thesis discusses the changes needed in the new implementation, the time effort required, and presents the classification performance in the new domain. Finally, the thesis provides a high level Description Logic view of the presented approach to semantic representation and inference, and talks about the possibility to implement it in other logic systems.
Mapping the Chinese Science Citation Database in terms of aggregated journal&ndash;journal citation relations: Research Articles
Authors: Loet Leydesdorff, Jin Bihui
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2005)

Methods developed for mapping the journal structure contained in aggregated journal&ndash;journal citations in the Science Citation Index (SCI; Thomson ISI, 2002) are applied to the Chinese Science Citation Database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This database covered 991 journals in 2001, of which only 37 originally had English titles; only 31 of which were covered by the SCI. Using factor-analytical and graph-analytical techniques, the authors show that the journal relations are dually structured. The main structure is the intellectual organization of the journals in journal groups (as in the international SCI), but the university-based journals provide an institutional layer that orients this structure towards practical ends (e.g., agriculture). This mechanism of integration is further distinguished from the role of general science journals. The Chinese Science Citation Database thus exhibits the characteristics of &ldquo;Mode 2&rdquo; or transdisciplinary science in the production of scientific knowledge more than its Western counterpart does. The contexts of application lead to correlation among the components. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Deferrable Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Transactions Maintaining Data Freshness
Authors: Ming Xiong, Song Han, Kam-Yiu Lam
Venue: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (2005)

Periodic update transaction model has been used to maintain freshness (or temporal validity) of real-time data. Period and deadline assignment has been the main focus in the past studies such as theMore-Less scheme [22] in which update transactions are guaranteed by the Deadline Monotonic scheduling algorithm [13] to complete by their deadlines. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, namely deferrable scheduling, for minimizing imposed workload while maintaining temporal validity of real-time data. In contrast to previous work, update transactions scheduled by the deferrable scheduling algorithm follow a sporadic task model. The deferrable scheduling algorithm exploits the semantics of temporal validity constraint of real-time data by judiciously deferring the sampling times of update transaction jobs as late as possible. We present a theoretical analysis of its processor utilization, which is verified in our experiments. Our experimental results also demonstrate that the deferrable scheduling algorithm is a very effective approach, and it significantly outperforms the More-Lessscheme in terms of reducing processor workload.
Improving Machine Translation Performance by Exploiting Non-Parallel Corpora
Authors: Dragos Stefan Munteanu, Daniel Marcu
Venue: Computational Linguistics (2005)

We present a novel method for discovering parallel sentences in comparable, non-parallel corpora. We train a maximum entropy classifier that, given a pair of sentences, can reliably determine whether or not they are translations of each other. Using this approach, we extract parallel data from large Chinese, Arabic, and English non-parallel newspaper corpora. We evaluate the quality of the extracted data by showing that it improves the performance of a state-of-the-art statistical machine translation system. We also show that a good-quality MT system can be built from scratch by starting with a very small parallel corpus (100,000 words) and exploiting a large non-parallel corpus. Thus, our method can be applied with great benefit to language pairs for which only scarce resources are available.
Coordinated sensor deployment for improving secure communications and sensing coverage
Authors: Yinian Mao, Min Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks (2005)

Sensor network has a great potential in applications such as habitat monitoring, wildlife tracking, building surveillance, and military combat. The design of a sensor network system involves several important issues, including the sensing coverage, node-to-node or node-to-base-station communications, and the security in information gathering and relay by the sensors. In this paper, we show that the system performance on these aspects depends closely on how the sensors are deployed in the field, and on how the sensor locations can be adjusted after the initial deployment. For static sensor deployment, we investigate the hexagon and square lattice topology and analyze their impact on secure connectivity and sensing coverage. For advanced sensing devices that allow for location adjustment after deployment, we have established a new framework for coordinated updates of sensor locations. We propose two new sensor location updating algorithms, the VFSec and the Weighted Centroid algorithm, to jointly optimize sensing coverage and secure connectivity. Simulation results show that these new algorithms provide superior tradeoff over the existing approaches that do not take security into considerations.
(CBR-2) Intelligent knowledge-based systems: information technology
Authors: Cornelius T. Leondes
Venue:  (1995)

Information Technology, addresses the important question of how data should be stored and used to maximize its overall value. Case studies examine a wide variety of application areas including product development, manufacturing, product management, and product pricing.