ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Classification of protein structure motif conformations
Authors: Janice Glasgow
Venue: ACM SIGBIO Newsletter (1998)

Similar to the concept of scene analysis in vision, molecular scene analysis is concerned with the processes of reconstruction and classification of complex molecular images. Such analyses rely on the availability of a priori information in the form of protein structure motifs. Research in this project has involved the study, development and implementation of data mining tools for obtaining such structural motifs. The rapid growth of protein databases has created a demand for novel and efficient techniques for the classification of motif conformations which can be used to anticipate or predict potential substructures in protein images based on primary sequence information.
The interaction of knowledge sources in word sense disambiguation
Authors: Mark Stevenson, Yorick Wilks
Venue: Computational Linguistics (2001)

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a computational linguistics task likely to benefit from the tradition of combining different knowledge sources in artificial in telligence research. An important step in the exploration of this hypothesis is to determine which linguistic knowledge sources are most useful and whether their combination leads to improved results. We present a sense tagger which uses several knowledge sources. Tested accuracy exceeds 94% on our evaluation corpus.Our system attempts to disambiguate all content words in running text rather than limiting itself to treating a restricted vocabulary of words. It is argued that this approach is more likely to assist the creation of practical systems.
Learning relational probability trees
Authors: Jennifer Neville, David Jensen, Lisa Friedland, Michael Hay
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2003)

Classification trees are widely used in the machine learning and data mining communities for modeling propositional data. Recent work has extended this basic paradigm to probability estimation trees. Traditional tree learning algorithms assume that instances in the training data are homogenous and independently distributed. Relational probability trees (RPTs) extend standard probability estimation trees to a relational setting in which data instances are heterogeneous and interdependent. Our algorithm for learning the structure and parameters of an RPT searches over a space of relational features that use aggregation functions (e.g. AVERAGE, MODE, COUNT) to dynamically propositionalize relational data and create binary splits within the RPT. Previous work has identified a number of statistical biases due to characteristics of relational data such as autocorrelation and degree disparity. The RPT algorithm uses a novel form of randomization test to adjust for these biases. On a variety of relational learning tasks, RPTs built using randomization tests are significantly smaller than other models and achieve equivalent, or better, performance.
The application of fuzzy neural network techniques in constructing an adaptive car-following indicator
Authors: Pai-Chuan Lu
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (1998)

This paper proposes a fuzzy neural network (FNN) based approach to construct an individual-oriented car-following system. The feature of this system is firstly to incorporate a personal risk-taking factor in addition to other mechanical factors as the input parameters. Through the learning capability of artificial network, the complex membership functions between the input factors and the output (i.e., the appropriate car-following headway) can be efficiently established, and then the fuzzy logic rules can be properly constructed. The performance of the FNN system is finally assessed against the field data. The results are inspiring that the system is proven capable of providing highly accurate predictions of the required car-following headways from person to person at various speeds. The success of this study provides some clues of utilizing FNN techniques in exploring some individual-oriented machines.
Supporting ease-of-use and user control: desired features and structure of web-based online IR systems
Authors: Hong Xie
Venue: Information Processing and Management: an International Journal (2003)

The emergence of Web-based IR systems calls for the need to support ease-of-use as well as user control. This study attempts to investigate users' perceptions of ease-of-use versus user control, and desired functionalities as well as desired interface structure of online IR systems in supporting both ease-of-use and user control. Forty subjects who had an opportunity to learn and use five online databases participated in the study. Multiple methods were employed to collect data. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data show that users consider both ease-of-use and user control are essential for effective retrieval. The results are discussed within the context of a model of optimal support for ease-of-use and user control, particularly, emphasizing on the balance between system role and user involvement in achieving various IR sub-tasks.
National culture and the meaning of information systems success: a framework for research and its implications for IS standardization in multinational organizations
Authors: Hafid Agourram, John Ingham
Venue: Business strategies for information technology management (2003)

Information system (IS) success is still one of the most researched topics in the IS discipline, but most research on defining and measuring IS success was conducted in North America. As the world globalizes, multinational organizations consider information technology and IS as crucial and necessary tools to glue together all of their units. Moreover, IS standardization (i.e., the same IS implemented in all the units), particularly through enterprise systems (ERPs), has attracted these organizations because of the economic benefits standard applications can eventually yield to. However, researchers in the international management discipline have assessed that culture may be a major factor that influences organizational structure and management practices. Some researchers in the field of IS have also confirmed that national cultures do, indeed, have an impact on IS design and acceptance. As culture is defined as "a shared system of meaning," the success of IS should hold different meanings in different cultures. We found only sparse research work on how people from different national cultures perceive, define and operationalize IS success. The objective of this chapter is twofold: first, discuss why organizations that intend to standardize IS in different cultures should consider culture as an important factor in the achievement of success and second, propose a comprehensive framework for future cross-national research on IS success in multinational organizations. After the introductory section, the four main components of the proposed framework and their interrelations are presented: IS success, culture, IS standardization, and IS built-in success assumptions. The chapter concludes with the presentation of the new framework.
Tool support for validating UML and OCL models through automatic snapshot generation
Authors: Martin Gogolla, Mark Richters, Jörn Bohling
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology (2003)

This paper studies tool support for the testing and certification of UML and OCL models as supported by the validation tool USE. We describe the features available in the UML/OCL tool USE and extend its features by introducing a language for defining properties of desired snapshots and by showing how such snapshots are generated. We explain the functionality offered by the USE tool. In particular, we demonstrate how the diverse windows, e.g., object diagram, class invariant, class extent, or OCL expression evaluation window, support the development process in early phases of software development.
High-Quality Animation of 2D Steady Vector Fields
Authors: Wilfrid Lefer, Bruno Jobard, Claire Leduc
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2004)

Abstract--Simulators for dynamic systems are now widely used in various application areas and raise the need for effective and accurate flow visualization techniques. Animation allows us to depict direction, orientation, and velocity of a vector field accurately. This paper extends a former proposal for a new approach to produce perfectly cyclic and variable-speed animations for 2D steady vector fields (see [1] and [2]). A complete animation of an arbitrary number of frames is encoded in a single image. The animation can be played using the color table animation technique, which is very effective even on low-end workstations. A cyclic set of textures can be produced as well and then encoded in a common animation format or used for texture mapping on 3D objects. As compared to other approaches, the method presented in this paper produces smoother animations and is more effective, both in memory requirements to store the animation, and in computation time.
A Single Error Correcting and Double Error Detecting Coding Scheme for Computer Memory Systems
Authors: P. K. Lala
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

This paper proposes a new coding technique for single error correction and double error detection in computer memory systems. The number of 1's in the parity check matrix for the proposed coding is fewer than all currently available codes for this purpose. This results in simplified encoding and decoding circuitry for error detection and correction.
Seven (plus or minus two) challenges for requirements research
Authors: Colin Potts
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Software specification and design (1991)

Requirements research has not had much effect in industry. A more appropriate research agenda would focus on several communication problems that plague requirements. Seven challenges are identified. All but one call for the development of improved methodology and enabling technologies rather than power tools or exotic languages.
A Mixed Signal Fuzzy Controller Using Current Mode Circuits
Authors: Simone Orcioni, Giorgio Biagetti, Massimo Conti
Venue: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (2004)

A mixed analog-digital fuzzy logic inference processor chip, designed in a 0.35-&mu;m CMOS technology, is presented. The analog fuzzy engine is based on a novel current-mode CMOS circuit used for the implementation of fuzzy partition membership functions. The architecture consists of a 3 inputs&mdash;1 output analog fuzzy engine, internal digital registers to store the parameters of the fuzzy controller, and a digital subsystem that allows the programmability of the fuzzy controller via an I2C interface. The architecture, circuits, and some Cadence Spectre simulations are presented.
A Role-Based Metamodeling Approach to Specifying Design Patterns
Authors: Dae-Kyoo Kim, Robert France, Sudipto Ghosh, Eunjee Song
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications (2003)

Design patterns describe solutions to recurring designproblems in the development of software designs. To encouragethe use of design patterns, we are investigatingtool support for incorporating patterns into UML models.The development of such tools requires patterns to be specifiedat the metamodel level. Patterns may be specified usingroles, where a role is played by model elements. However,the notion of role in the object-oriented communityis strictly based on objects, and does not allow the use ofthe word "role" in any other place where the context is notobject-based. In this paper, we propose a notion of role thatcan be used to specify design patterns at the metamodellevel. We survey the characteristics of object-based rolesand generalize them. Based on the generalized notion of arole we define a new notion of a model role which is playedby a model element. We illustrate the use of model roles witha specification of a variant of the Observer design pattern.
Proof planning for maintainable configuration systems
Authors: Helen Lowe, Michal Pechoucek, Alan Bundy
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (1998)

Configuration is a complex task generally involving varying measures of constraint satisfaction, optimization, and the management of soft constraints. Although many successful systems have been developed, these are often difficult to maintain and to generalize in rapidly changing domains. In this paper, we consider building intelligent knowledge-based systems with maintainability well to the fore in our requirements for such systems. We introduce two case studies: the initial proof of concept, which was in the domain of computer configuration, and a further field-tested study, the configuration of compressors. Central to our approach is the use of the proof planning technique, and the clean separation of different kinds of knowledge: factual, heuristic, and strategic.
The role of social capital in regional technological innovation: seeing both the wood and the trees
Authors: Louise Tamaschke
Venue: Communities and Technologies (2003)

This paper both attempts to identify the key conceptual and methodological principles that can be extracted from the very complex literatures on social capital and innovation, and to draw out the interactions between these concepts. The paper argues that the social capital literature has been hijacked at one end by those solely taken by precise definitions and measurement, and at the other end by those that proclaim social capital to be the blanket solution, and the missing link. If we allow ourselves to get caught up in the too miniature details then we risk losing important insights from a fascinating concept. At the other end, broad-sweeping claims about social capital risk devastating policy prescriptions. The paper attempts to show that yes social capital does exist, and yes it is important for regional technological innovation. However, social capital can also be a hindrance for regional technological innovation, and cannot replace other important regional development resources.
CROWNE: Current Ratio Outliers with Neighbor Estimator
Authors: Sagar S. Sabade, D. M. H. Walker
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

Increased leakage and process variations make distinction between fault-free and faulty chips by IDDQ test difficult. Earlier the concept of Current Ratios (CR) was proposed to screen defective (outlier) chips. However, it is not capable of catching certain defects. Neighboring chips on a wafer have similar fault-free parameters that are correlated through the underlying fabrication process. Based on this observation, an alternative test metric called Neighbor Current Ratio (NCR) was proposed. NCR screens outlier chips based on their nonconformance to local variation in IDDQ. In this paper, we explore the correlation between different vectors that yield CR and NCR values. The effectiveness of NCR along with additional test parameters to screen outlier chips is evaluated using industrial test data.
Problems with the Ada reference grammar
Authors: C. S. Wetherell
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1981)

The Ada grammar published in the Reference Manual is not suitable as it stands for use with a parser generation system. The changes necessary to make it suitable and some discussion of grammar design principles are presented here. The revised grammar appears in an appendix.
Direct Interesting Rule Generation
Authors: Jiuyong Li, Yanchun Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

An association rule generation algorithm usually generatestoo many rules including a lot of uninteresting ones.Many interestingness criteria are proposed to prune thoseuninteresting rules. However, they work in post-pruningprocess and hence do not improve the rule generation ef£ciency. In this paper, we discuss properties of informativerule set and conclude that the informative rule set includesall interesting rules measured by many commonly used interestingnesscriteria, and that rules excluded by the informativerule set are forwardly prunable, i.e. they can be removedin the rule generation process instead of post pruning.Based on these properties, we propose a Direct Interestingrule Generation algorithm, DIG, to directly generateinteresting rules de£ned by any of 12 interestingness criteriadiscussed in this paper. We further show experimentallythat DIG is faster and uses less memory than Apriori.
Evaluating information accessibility and community adaptivity features for sustaining virtual learning communities
Authors: Hock-Hai Teo, Hock-Chuan Chan, Kwok-Kee Wei, Zhongju Zhang
Venue: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (2003)

Virtual communities have been identified as the "killer applications" on the Internet Information Superhighway. Their impact is increasingly pervasive, with activities ranging from the economic and marketing to the social and educational. Despite their popularity, little is understood as to what factors contribute to the sustainability of virtual communities. This study focuses on a specific type of virtual communities--the virtual learning communities. It employs an experiment to examine the impact of two critical issues in system design--information accessibility and community adaptivity--on the sustainability of virtual learning communities. Adopting an extended Technology Acceptance Model, the experiment exposed 69 subjects to six different virtual learning communities differentiated by two levels of information accessibility and three levels of community adaptivity, solicited their feelings and perceptions, and measured their intentions to use the virtual learning communities. Results indicate that both information accessibility and community adaptivity have significant effects on user perceptions and behavioural intention. Implications for theory and practice are drawn and discussed.
Optimal Replacement Is NP-Hardfor Nonstandard Caches
Authors: Mark Brehob, Stephen Wagner, Eric Torng, Richard Enbody
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers (2004)

Abstract--When examining a new cache structure or replacement policy, the optimal policy is a useful baseline. In this paper, we prove that finding the optimal schedule is NP-hard for any but the simplest of caches, and that no polynomial-time approximation scheme exists for this problem unless P=NP.
Expertise, extraversion and group interaction styles as performance indicators in virtual teams: how do perceptions of IT's performance get formed?
Authors: Pierre Balthazard, Richard E. Potter, John Warren
Venue: ACM SIGMIS Database (2004)

This study investigates how a personality trait and expertise affect virtual teams interaction, and how that interaction leads to different levels of performance (e.g., solution quality, solution acceptance, cohesion). Teams have been shown to exhibit constructive, aggressive/defensive, or passive/defensive interaction styles that affect communication and thus team performance by facilitating or hindering the exchange of information among group members. These styles reflect an aggregation of the behaviors exhibited by individual team members, which are rooted in their individual personalities. The effects of interaction style on team performance have been well established in face-to-face and virtual teams. Generally, constructive interaction styles produce positive outcomes whereas passive/defensive styles beget negative ones. Aggressive/defensive teams produce solutions that are correlated with the expertise of those that have wrested control of the group but there is often little support for those solutions. The current work explores how different constellations of extraversion and expertise manifest themselves into group interaction styles and, ultimately, outcomes. The study involves 248 professional managers from executive MBA and professional development programs in 63 virtual teams that performed an intellective task. Results show that expertise and extraversion to be curvilinearly related to group interactions and performance, and high levels of extraversion and higher variations in extraversion between team members lead to less constructive and more passive/defensive interaction styles within teams. Results show that although expertise is the best predictor of task performance, it is primarily group interaction styles that predict contextual outcomes (e.g., solution acceptance, cohesion, effectiveness) in virtual teams.
Techniques for efficient fragment detection in web pages
Authors: Lakshmish Ramaswamy, Arun Iyengar, Ling Liu, Fred Douglis
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information and knowledge management (2003)

The existing approaches to fragment-based publishing, delivery and caching of web pages assume that the web pages are manually fragmented at their respective web sites. However manual fragmentation of web pages is expensive, error prone, and not scalable. This paper proposes a novel scheme to automatically detect and flag possible fragments in a web site. Our approach is based on an analysis of the web pages dynamically generated at given web sites with respect to their information sharing behavior, personalization characteristics and change patterns.
A Database Record Encryption Scheme Using the RSA Public Key Cryptosystem and Its Master Keys
Authors: Chin-Chen Chang, Chao-Wen Chan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Computer Networks and Mobile Computing (2003)

Two new database encryption systems are presented. Both systems are based on the concept of the RSA master key. The first proposed system is a field-oriented encryption system with user master keys that correspond to the access rights of multiple fields. The second proposed system is a record-oriented encryption system with a user master key. Using the idea of master keys, we present a method that establishes a correspondence between the subsets of a given set and a set of integers.
Facilitating cooperative learning in hypermedia systems
Authors: Jörg M. Haake, Hans-Rüdiger Pfister, Martin Wessner
Venue: ACM SIGWEB Newsletter (1999)

Distributed organizations as well as virtual universities need support for cooperative learning processes. This led to the new major research area computer-supported cooperative (or collaborative) learning. We propose an approach to hypermedia-based collaborative learning environments which supports a wide range of synchronous and asynchronous types of cooperative learning as well as smooth transitions between these learning modes. A framework for building such environments consisting of virtual learning rooms, learning nets, and learning protocol is presented. These concepts are implemented in the CROCODILE prototype developed at GMDIPSI.