ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Are two document clusters better than one? The Cluster Performance Question for information retrieval: Brief Communication
Authors: Robert M. Losee, Lewis Church,  Jr.
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2005)

When do information retrieval systems using two document clusters provide better retrieval performance than systems using no clustering? We answer this question for one set of assumptions and suggest how this may be studied with other assumptions. The &ldquo;Cluster Hypothesis&rdquo; asks an empirical question about the relationships between documents and user-supplied relevance judgments, while the &ldquo;Cluster Performance Question&rdquo; proposed here focuses on the when and why of information retrieval or digital library performance for clustered and unclustered text databases. This may be generalized to study the relative performance of m versus n clusters. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Location Estimation in Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas
Authors: N. Malhotra, M. Krasniewski, C. Yang, S. Bagchi, W. Chappell
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2005)

With the development of location aware sensor applications, location determination has become an increasingly important middleware technology. Numerous current technologies for location determination of sensor nodes use the received signal strength from sensor nodes using omni-directional antennas. However, an increasing number of sensor systems are now deploying directional antennas due to their advantages like energy conservation and better bandwidth utilization. In this paper, we present techniques for location determination in a sensor network with directional antennas under different kinds of deployment of the nodes. We show how the location estimation problem can be solved by measuring the received signal strength from just one or two anchors in a 2D plane with directional antennas. We implement our technique using Berkeley MICA2 sensor motes and show that it is up to three times more accurate than triangulation using omni-directional antennas. We also perform Matlab simulations that show the accuracy of location determination with increasing node density.
Recognition of lung nodule shadows from chest X-ray CT images using 3D Markov random field models
Authors: Hotaka Takizawa, Shinji Yamamoto, Tohru Nakagawa, Tohru Matsumoto, Yukio Tateno, Takeshi Iinuma, Mitsuomi Matsumoto
Venue: Systems and Computers in Japan (2004)

This paper presents a scheme for recognizing nodule shadows that are candidate lung cancer lesions from chest X-ray CT images. In recognizing shadow candidates, their surrounding shadows give useful information. The proposed scheme recognizes nodule shadows by formulating the relationships between shadow candidates and their surrounding shadows in the framework of a three-dimensional Markov random field model. First, it detects isolated shadows that become nodule candidates, extracts a volume of interest that includes shadow candidates, and divides the volume of interest into rectangular regions. It expresses nodules and blood vessels in three-dimensional geometric models of spheres and cylinders, and lists a number of object models having high probabilities of existing in each rectangular region. It then generates a combination of object models by assembling the physical models. It formulates the relationships between each rectangular region, anatomical verifications of the object model combinations and the degree of agreement between observed CT images and object model combinations in the framework of a three-dimensional Markov random field model, and computes the probability that a shadow candidate is a nodule and the probability that the shadow candidate is not a nodule. A shadow candidate is determined to be a nodule if the probability of it being a nodule is high, while it is determined to be normal otherwise. The proposed scheme is applied to actual CT images of 10-mm slice intervals to show its efficacy. &copy; 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(8): 82&ndash;95, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002&sol;scj.10453
A Comparison of Reverse Engineering Tools Based on Design Pattern Decomposition
Authors: Francesca Arcelli, Stefano Masiero, Claudia Raibulet, Francesco Tisato
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 Australian conference on Software Engineering (2005)

The usefulness of design patterns in forward engineering is already well-known and several tools provide support for their application in the development of software systems. While the role of design patterns in reverse engineering is still argued primarily due to their informal definition which leads to various possible implementations of each pattern. One of the most discussed aspects related to design patterns is about the need of their formalization according to the drawbacks this can represent. Formalization leads to the identification of the so-called sub-patterns, which are the recurring fundamental elements design patterns are composed of. In this paper we analyze the role sub-patterns play in two reverse engineering tools: FUJABA and SPQR. Attention is focused on how sub-patterns are exploited to define and to detect design patterns. To emphasize the similarities and differences between the two approaches, the Composite Design Pattern is considered as example.
University of Massachusetts: description of the CIRCUS system as used for MUC-4
Authors: W. Lehnert, C. Cardie, D. Fisher, J. McCarthy, E. Riloff, S. Soderland
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding (1992)

CIRCUS is a conceptual analyzer that produces semantic case frame representations for input sentences. Although space does not permit us to give a full technical description of CIRCUS, we will attempt to convey some sense of sentence analysis via CIRCUS. For more details, please consult [2] and [1].
Agents for mobility engineering in m-business
Authors: Reinhard Kronsteiner, Ismail Khalil Ibrahim, Gabriele Kotsis
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information and communication technologies (2005)

Software agents, as a new computing paradigm, have proved to be useful in a diverse range of applications in e-business (especially in trading scenarios). As the computing landscape moves from the Internet to mobile communication systems, agent-based m-business are a field that needs further investigation to learn how far agent technology can be applied to automate m-business transactions. In this paper we present a model for agents as enablers for mobility engineering in m-Business applications, which spans over the organizational, business and technical dimensions of doing business over wireless communication channels.
Representing personal web information using a topic-oriented interface
Authors: Zhigang Hua, Hao Liu, Xing Xie, Hanqing Lu, Wei-Ying Ma
Venue: Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web (2005)

Nowadays, Web activities have become daily practice for people. It is therefore essential to organize and present this continuously increasing Web information in a more usable manner. In this paper, we developed a novel approach to reorganize personal Web information as a topic-oriented interface. In our approach, we proposed to utilize anchor, title and URL information to represent content information for the browsed Web pages rather than the content body. Furthermore, we explored three methods to organize personal Web information: 1) top-down statistical clustering; 2) salience phrase based clustering; and 3) support vector machine (SVM) based classification. Finally, we conducted a usability study to verify the effectiveness of our proposed solution. The experimental results demonstrated that users could visit the pages that have been browsed previously more easily with our approach than existing solutions.
Modelling urban scenes for LBMS
Authors: António Fernando Coelho, António Augusto de Sousa, Fernando Nunes Ferreira
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth international conference on 3D Web technology (2005)

Three-dimensional graphical applications can provide an added value to Location Based Mobile Services (LBMS). This is particularly true for the applications related to urban environments, which can interactively present three-dimensional models to the user, visualized in accordance to his location. Modelling an urban environment is mainly a manual procedure and so it can become a difficult, tedious and time consuming task, due to the many different geometries, textures, details, etc, involved in the urban structures.This paper presents the XL3D modelling system that provides, in an automatic fashion, three-dimensional models of urban areas to be used in a LBMS Project. The XL3D modelling system is based on interoperable access to digital data, in diverse formats, accessing XML documents or invoking Web services in a distributed architecture. The system is driven by L-systems based modelling processes that automatically generate three-dimensional models of urban environments, specified in a declarative mode using documents based on an XML Schema, also called XL3D.
SRI International's TACITUS system: MUC-3 test results and analysis
Authors: Jerry R. Hobbs
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Message understanding (1991)

This site report is intended as a companion piece to the System Summary appearing in this volume and is best read in conjunction with it. In particular, it refers to the various modules of the system which are described in that paper.
Book review: Using Microsoft Windows 3, 2nd Edition by Ron Person and Karen Rose (Que Corporation, 1990)
Venue: ACM SIGSMALL/PC Notes (1991)

If you are a newcomer to the world of using Microsoft Windows, you need this book. If you have been using Windows for a long time, you need this book, too. This book is a gold-mine of information. Each major topic has a "QuickStart" chapter for those who need to learn the application as quickly as possible. The corresponding main chapter for each application has detailed information for those who need a deeper understanding of Windows. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Constructing Knowledge Bases for e-Learning Using Protege 2000 and Web Services
Authors: Mike Hogeboom, Fuhua Lin, Larbi Esmahi, Chunsheng Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 1 (2005)

This paper presents an approach to designing and developing knowledge bases in e-Learning systems. We explore the use of Protégé 2000 as a knowledge editor for course material, with the addition of Web Service interfaces on top of it to facilitate retrieval of the content. Protégé 2000 provides an extensible infrastructure and allows the easy construction of domain ontologies, customized data entry forms, and provides an API that can easily be extended by Web Services for the purpose of dynamic course material creation. The use of ontology and Web Services makes the knowledge bases for e-Learning sharable, reusable, and interoperable with other technologies, such as .Net, which have standard Web Service implementations.
Resolution and Constraint Propagation for Semantic Web Services Discovery
Authors: Salima Benbernou, Mohand-Said Hacid
Venue: Distributed and Parallel Databases (2005)

The purpose of semantic web services discovery is to use semantic knowledge to find services that can be composed to form an admissible answer to a query. In this paper we consider the advantage of adopting a knowledge-based approach to web services discovery. Services are described by means of terminological axioms and constrained clauses. We apply a specific resolution and a constraint propagation mechanism to evaluate queries over services.
Web services security configuration in a service-oriented architecture
Authors: Takeshi Imamura, Michiaki Tatsubori, Yuichi Nakamura, Christopher Giblin
Venue: Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web (2005)

Security is one of the major concerns when developing mission-critical business applications, and this concern motivated the Web Services Security specifications. However, the existing tools to configure the security properties of Web Services give a technology-oriented view; only assisting in choosing data to encrypt and the encryption algorithms to use. A user must manually bridge the gap between the security requirements and the configuration, which could cause extra configuration costs and lead to potential misconfiguration hazards. To ease this situation, we came up with refining security requirements from business to technology, leveraging the concepts of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). Security requirements are gradually transformed to more detailed ones or countermeasures by bridging the gap between them by using best practice patterns.
Review of "The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Vol. 1 by Avron Barr & Edward A. Feigenbaum", William Kaufmann, Inc. 1981
Authors: Keith Price
Venue: Issue 81 (July 1982) (1982)

Ten years ago a book of this nature would have been a good textbook for AI, but unfortunately (or fortunately depending on your viewpoint) the field has grown so that three volumes are now required. The three volume series The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence is intended to be an introductory reference book both for researchers within AI and for those outside who need a guide to the uncharted waters of AI research and literature. Under each major topic (Volume 1 includes search, knowledge representation, and language both written and spoken) many different ideas and systems are presented. This should prevent newcomers to the field from deciding that because they have seen one idea they know everything about the field and can now easily solve all problems with one method.
A parallel Broyden approach to the Toeplitz inverse eigenproblem: Research Articles
Authors: Jesús Peinado, Antonio M. Vidal
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2004)

In this work we show a portable sequential and a portable parallel algorithm for solving the inverse eigenproblem for real symmetric Toeplitz matrices. Both algorithms are based on Broyden's method for solving nonlinear systems. We reduced the computational cost for some problem sizes, and furthermore we managed to reduce spatial cost considerably, compared in both cases with parallel algorithms proposed by other authors and by us, although sometimes quasi-Newton methods (as Broyden) do not reach convergence in all the test cases. We have implemented the parallel algorithm using the parallel numerical linear algebra library SCALAPACK based on the MPI environment. Experimental results have been obtained using two different architectures: a shared memory multiprocessor, the SGI PowerChallenge, and a cluster of Pentium II PCs connected through a myrinet network. The algorithms obtained are scalable in all the cases. Copyright &copy; 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Computing frontiers
Venue: Conference On Computing Frontiers (2005)

It is a great honor for us to introduce the program for the second edition of the Computing Frontiers conference celebrated in Ischia (Italy) on May 4-6, 2005.The conference was created to allow the exploration of those technologies at the very edge of computing which would have the potential to substantially improve existing art. To this end, we have considered papers on theory, methods, technologies, and implementations concerned with innovations in computing paradigms, computational models, architectural paradigms, computer architectures, development environments, compilers, and operating environments.We are very pleased with the collection of papers selected by this year's Program Committee, which includes 43 technical papers covering a wide range of exciting topics, from high performance embedded architectures, to quantum computing, and many other cutting-edge technologies.Computing Frontiers received 106 full paper submissions. The papers were distributed among the track chairs, who selected the best papers with their program committee. In total, we received 381 reviews, an average of 3.5 reviews per paper. Finally, we took into consideration the decisions made by the track chairs to elaborate the final conference program. In spite of the large number of high quality submissions, only 43 papers were accepted for publication this year, a 40% acceptance rate. We want to express our appreciation to the large number of authors who submitted their work to this second edition of Computing Frontiers, and invite them to submit again next year. Their contributions are the primary factor at making this conference a successIn addition to the excellent technical program, we hope you will also enjoy the first workshop on reversible computing by Mike Frank, as special session organized by our chair Giacomo Sechi, celebrated in parallel with the regular conference sessions, which includes technical papers, invited talks, and a panel discussion on a really hot topic that deserves special attention in this edition of Computing Frontiers.
Fast multi-level adaptation for interactive autonomous characters
Authors: Jonathan Dinerstein, Parris K. Egbert
Venue: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) (2005)

Adaptation (online learning) by autonomous virtual characters, due to interaction with a human user in a virtual environment, is a difficult and important problem in computer animation. In this article we present a novel multi-level technique for fast character adaptation. We specifically target environments where there is a cooperative or competitive relationship between the character and the human that interacts with that character.In our technique, a distinct learning method is applied to each layer of the character's behavioral or cognitive model. This allows us to efficiently leverage the character's observations and experiences in each layer. This also provides a convenient temporal distinction between what observations and experiences provide pertinent lessons for each layer. Thus the character can quickly and robustly learn how to better interact with any given unique human user, relying only on observations and natural performance feedback from the environment (no explicit feedback from the human). Our technique is designed to be general, and can be easily integrated into most existing behavioral animation systems. It is also fast and memory efficient.
Challenges of migrating to agile methodologies
Authors: Sridhar Nerur, RadhaKanta Mahapatra, George Mangalaraj
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2005)

Software development methodologies are constantly evolving due to changing technologies and new demands from users. Today's dynamic business environment has given rise to emergent organizations that continuously adapt their structures, strategies, and policies to suit the new environment [12]. Such organizations need information systems that constantly evolve to meet their changing requirements---but the traditional, plan-driven software development methodologies lack the flexibility to dynamically adjust the development process.
Development of visual and functional videofluorography system for dysphagia
Authors: Norio Sekine, Akiyoshi Itoh
Venue: Systems and Computers in Japan (2005)

Videofluorography (VFG, VF), in which a videotape recorder (VTR) is connected to an X-ray TV system, has recently been applied to the evaluation and diagnosis of the swallowing function. However, the conventional method using only X-ray TV images cannot provide detailed information such as the configuration of the simulated food and the posture of the patient in swallowing, which is important in the rehabilitation of dysphagia. Consequently, the authors have constructed a system using a commercial&sol;industrial &ldquo;multiviewer&rdquo; window-display device, which can simultaneously record video camera images for the posture of the patient, the instructions of the examining physician, and the actual swallowing-assist procedure performed by the examining physician, in addition to a conventional X-ray video of the eating and swallowing process. A further function is added so that the videofluorograph recorded on the VTR is input to a personal computer. The file size that is optimal for transfer between personal computers and viewing is investigated. Then, by sharing the file on the hospital LAN, multiple VFGs can easily be compared on the monitor screen. A system is also proposed for the simultaneous recording of biological information, which can make possible an analysis of the swallowing dynamics based on the relations among the VFG, the EMG signal, and the motion of the thyroid cartilage, which is important in the swallowing process. This system makes possible diagnosis from various viewpoints, such as posture, the EMG, and the X-ray image. This paper reports the development of such a system, which is very useful in subsequent planning of rehabilitation programs in a conference between the examining physician and rehabilitation professionals. &copy; 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(7): 96&ndash;105, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (). DOI 10.1002&sol;scj.10078
LaTaT: language and text analysis tools
Authors: Dekang Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research (2001)

LaTaT is a Language and Text Analysis Toolset. This paper gives a brief description of the components comprising LaTaT, including a Minimalist parser and language and concept learning programs.
Tools and techniques for building High Performance Linux clusters
Authors: Laxman Nathawat
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2005)

In the last few years, the High Performance Computing (HPC) community has been embracing Linux based clusters for its computing needs. PC clusters provide low cost scalable computing infrastructure by making use of commodity components.
Summarization of dynamic content in web collections
Authors: Adam Jatowt, Mitsuru Ishizuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (2004)

This paper describes a new research proposal of multi-document summarization of dynamic content in web pages. Much information is lost in the Web due to the temporal character of web documents. Therefore adapting summarization techniques to the web genre is a promising task. The aim of our research is to provide methods for summarizing volatile content retrieved from collections of topically related web pages over defined time periods. The resulting summary ideally would reflect the most popular topics and concepts found in retrospective web collections. Because of the content and time diversities of web changes, it is necessary to apply different techniques than standard methods used for static documents. In this paper we propose an initial solution to this summarization problem. Our approach exploits temporal similarities between web pages by utilizing sliding window concept over dynamic parts of the collection.