ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A user interface for database creation use and maintenance
Authors: Gabriele A. Hecker, Elizabeth A. Unger
Venue: Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGSMALL/PC symposium on ACTES (1988)

Most users of micro-computers are not professionally trained in computer science and many are in occupations where a form or table is a common way of collecting and maintaining information. The form-based systems and the non-normal form database systems address this interface area, but each has its own limitations either in terms of complexity or applicability or both. A user interface system designed for use on a personal computer, which avoids the limitations of previous systems, has been designed. This paper describes a user interface system which provides for the use of a screen image of a table or form, allows for the creation, storage and manipulation of data in a database which is relational in logical structure through the screen image of the tables or form, and avoids the limitations previously mentioned. The mappings required to move screen images expressed as set relations to the relations in the normalized database are the focus of this paper.
Process Groups and Group Communications: Classifications and Requirements
Authors: Luping Liang, Samuel T. Chanson, Gerald W. Neufeld
Venue: Computer (1990)

Different distributed applications are examined and their requirements for group communication support are outlined. The concept of a process group is defined. On the basis of internal structures and external behavior, groups are classified into different categories and their properties are discussed. Group communication is an OS-level abstraction that offers convenience and clarity to the programmer.
Introducing desktop publishing to a university community: an exposition
Authors: Mary K. Viner
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM SIGUCCS Conference on User Services (1988)

Our User Services group recently began investigating the feasibility of using desktop publishing for creating internal and end-user documentation. Our interest and excitement grew with each new advertisement and after seeing demonstrations at various local computer stores. We had long been using a series of custom grown programs and PC-Write for creating our newsletter and other documentation and looked forward to the versatility and time savings desktop publishing had to offer. We then received a demonstration copy of a low-end desktop publishing program. As we worked with this program and continued our research, we learned that using a desktop publishing system is more than just learning to use new hardware and software. To make our published material effective, we also needed to become familiar with and develop a basic understanding of the terminology and application of principles used in the worlds of typography, graphic design, and publishing. Since we were also seeing signs of growing interest in desktop publishing around the campus, we became concerned that departments might buy desktop publishing systems without understanding the extra time and experience they would need to develop in these areas. Even though we were new at desktop publishing ourselves, we felt the rest of the campus could benefit from our discoveries. We decided to hold a campus event to present basic information about desktop publishing. We would include demonstrations of hardware and software, but also be sure to tell of the complexities involved in desktop publishing. This would help our users become more informed so they could decide whether desktop publishing would serve their needs better than their present method of publication. This paper describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a Desktop Publishing Exposition at the University of Wisconsin - La Crosse. Planning the event included arranging for exhibitors, a speaker, and a meeting room, organizing an advertising campaign, creating the handout, and developing methods to evaluate the success of the exposition. We invited local computer dealers to exhibit desktop publishing hardware and software, distributed a handout on the terminology associated with computers, typography, design, and publishing, and had a guest speaker conduct a one-hour noon session on how desktop publishing is currently used on campus by the Audiovisual Graphics department. Although we were unsure at first how well attended the exposition would be, the hard work and cooperation of many individuals helped make the exposition successful beyond our expectations. We reached a large and very diverse group of departments and individuals. We hope this success will allow us to conduct similar topic-oriented events in the future.
Practical parallel supercomputing: examples from chemistry and physics
Authors: G. C. Fox, P. Hipes, J. Salmon
Venue: Proceedings of the 1989 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (1989)

We use two large simulations, the chemical reaction dynamics of H + H2 and the collision of two galaxies to show that current parallel machines are capable of large supercomputer level calculations. We contrast the different architectural tradeoffs for these problems and draw some implications for future production parallel supercomputers.
The word problem for free partially commutative groups
Authors: C. Wrathall
Venue: Journal of Symbolic Computation (1988)

A linear-time algorithm is given for the word problem for free partially commutative groups. The correctness of the algorithm follows from the fact that certain Thue systems, presenting such groups, are preperfect.
VIP-MDBS: a logic multidatabase system
Authors: E. Kuhn, T. Ludwig
Venue: Proceedings of the first international symposium on Databases in parallel and distributed systems (2000)

We present a multidatabase management system built in Vienna Integrated Prolog (VIP) for cooperative management of autonomous databases. Data in different databases may differ with respect to naming, structures and value types. VIP-MDBS (VIP MultiDataBase System) allows the ability to manipulate them jointly and in a non-procedural way. Its features are similar to those of the relational multidatabase language MSQL, but adapted to logic programming. We introduce the concept of so-called semantic relations, a concept which stems from the extension of global views by deductiveness. VIP-MDBS allows for representation of intentional data and formulation of recursive multiple queries.
PHIGS+ functional description revision
Authors: Andries van Dam
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1988)

This is a set of proposed extensions to the proposed PHIGS graphics standard (dpANS X3.144-198x. DIS 9592) to cover the areas of lighting, shading and advanced primitives which have thus far not been addressed by that standard. This document is organized to promote its eventual integration with the existing PHIGS documentation and is therefore not tutorial in nature. It assumes that the reader is familiar with PHIGS. with rendering and with curves and surfaces. This specification has been made available to standards bodies for their consideration.
A major in computer applications for small liberal arts colleges
Authors: J. Wey When, Gordon R. Jones
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1988)

A major in computer applications for small, liberal arts colleges is proposed in this article. The proposed program has characteristics to allow students to engage in a breadth of study, to integrate knowledge from a variety of fields, and to apply what is studied to their career lives. By emphasizing an inter-disciplinary approach to higher education, small, liberal arts colleges are able to interweave general education courses into the computer applications major without making large demands for additional staff. Furthermore, students who earn their computer majors in such an interdisciplinary context can be expected to furnish employers with diversity and flexibility in problem solving -- just the sort of new blood many companies and entire industries are crying for.
An integrated color smalltalk-80 system
Authors: Rebecca Wirfs-Brock
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1988)

The Smalltalk-80&trade; user interface and graphics model are based on monochromatic graphics. One natural step in the evolution of the Smalltalk-80 system is the addition of color. This paper describes an implementation of color Smalltalk. Classes have been defined to manipulate visual color models and colored graphics objects. The extensive collaboration between classes which describe color, classes which perform basic graphics operations, and classes in the user interface is explored. Issues in the design and implementation are examined. Potential future directions for object-oriented color systems are discussed.
Internships link user services to academic departments
Authors: D. M. Raleigh
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User Services (1989)

To User Services people, networking the campus goes beyond laying cable and connecting hardware. We connect by establishing liaison programs, sending out surveys, and listening to feedback from vocal users, yet sometimes we still cannot get a clear focus on the needs of the academic community. Nor do we develop the trust and respect that the users need to provide us with useful feedback and needs assessments. Establishing the academic network necessary to read the pulse of the campus requires ingenuity, creativity, and sometimes just plain luck. For us in User Services at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire's Academic Computing Services, a successful and ongoing internship program resulted from a combination of all three. It established a link which has proven to be a real advantage for User Services, the cooperating academic departments, and the University as a whole.
Map Data Processing in Geographic Information Systems
Authors: R. Kasturi, R. Fernandez, M. L. Amlani, W.-C. Feng
Venue: Computer (1989)

An overview of geographic information systems (GISs) is given, covering data collection, applications, organization, and data models. Recent trends in map data processing are examined, namely, automatic name placement, map generalization, an automatic digitizer and expert system for land-use analysis, a map oriented system for urban planning, and a knowledge-based GIS. Techniques for extracting information from paper-based images are discussed, and some experimental results are given.
A structured approach for developing a campus-wide network
Authors: C. Herre, D. Hudzinski
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User Services (1989)

Developing a campus wide network that addresses the needs of a relatively disjoint population as well as the needs of small individual groups requires planning and research. A technique based on the software engineering paradigm can be applied to the network planning and implementation. Network planning starts with the development of specifications which describes the users' needs. From this information a phase development of the network design and implementation is created along with a series of criteria to evaluate each phase. This paper addresses the planning and implementation of a campus wide network in a small university with limited networking experience. Developing an understanding of the users' needs requires an understanding of the user. In most school settings the population can be divided into five groups: students, faculty, administration, non-technical staff, and computer service staff. Each of these groups have specific computing requirements that must be addressed by the network, and this requires an analysis of the computing needs prior to the establishment of the network services. A profile of each users group is developed. The information included in a profiles is determined by the environment that network will service. The profile ascertains by group the type of resources needed, the level of security needed, the overall size of the population, and the number of highly active users, moderately active users, and minimally active users. In some instances the investigation requires the consideration of other factors in forming the profile. For example in the faculty and student populations such things as major and department need to be considered. Much of the information contained is dependent upon the groups current level of computing, the profile can not stop at this point but must try to include the types of resources and activities a group will use given the ease of access via the network. A very important point to remember is the network will put resources at people's finger tips that prior to this time were inaccessible. Departments that have never used the main frame may now be interested in taking advantage of the network access. Finally the profiles need to include the hardware resources that currently exist. It is unreasonable to think that all the equipment will be replaced to produce a nice homogenous network.
The architecture of a Linda coprocessor
Authors: V. Krishnaswamy, S. Ahuja, N. Carriero, D. Gelernter
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Symposium on Computer architecture (1988)

We describe the architecture of a coprocessor that supports the communication primitives of the Linda parallel programming environment in hardware. The coprocessor is a critical element in the architecture of the Linda Machine, an MIMD parallel processing system that is designed top down from the specifications of Linda. Communication in Linda programs takes place through a logically shared associative memory mechanism called tuple space. The Linda Machine, however, has no physically shared memory. The microprogrammable coprocessor implements distributed protocols for executing tuple space operations over the Linda Machine communication network. The coprocessor has been designed and is in the process of fabrication. We discuss the projected performance of the coprocessor and compare it with software Linda implementations. This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation grants CCR-8657615 and ONR N00014-86-K-0310.
LO and behold! Concurrent structured processes
Authors: Jean-Marc Andreoli, Remo Pareschi
Venue: Proceedings of the European conference on object-oriented programming on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications (1990)

We introduce a novel concurrent logic programming language, which we call LO, based on an extension of Horn logic. This language enhances the process view of objects implementable in Horn-based concurrent logic programming languages with powerful capabilities for knowledge structuring, leading to a flexible form of variable-structure inheritance. The main novelty about LO is a new kind of OR-concurrency which is dual to the usual AND-concurrency and provides us with the notion of structured process. Such OR-concurrency can be nicely characterized with a sociological metaphor as modelling the internal distribution of tasks inside a complex organization; this complements the external cooperation among different entities accounted for by AND-concurrency.
From Washington: EC directives aim for market harmony
Authors: Diane Crawford
Venue: Communications of the ACM (1990)

The 1992 unification plans for the 12-nation European Community (EC) have surely been among the most dissected blueprints of the year. Politicians ponder trade agreements, economists refigure potential revenues, and media attention is unrelenting. Absorbing it all are those U.S. high tech industries hoping to make a lasting impression on what the economists, politicians and media all predict will be a $4 trillion market of over 300 million consumers.Harmony has become the slogan adopted for the project. The EC Commission has spent the past five years identifying and implementing a program of close to 300 directives and regulations that would allow for the free movement of consumer products within the community. The goal of these directives, in addition to promoting European commerce and fair business competition, is to eliminate possible physical, technical or fiscal trade barriers. The result, they hope, is one harmonious marketplace.Watching every note of this orchestration has been the U.S. Department of Commerce (DoC). Working with an internal program that includes the participation of senior officials from the International Trade Administration, the DoC has examined over 185 of the adopted or proposed directives issued by the EC Commission. Moreover, it consulted with trade associations and industry representatives to explore how these directives relate to current U.S. business practices and determine how they might affect future EC business dealings.The DoC has published the results of its analyses in a three-volume series that examines directives for a rainbow of products and businesses. The recently released EC 1992: A Commerce Department Analysis of European Directives, Volume 3 features the Department's final roundup of EC Directives&mdash;primarily those stipulating technical requirements, nine of which pertain to computers and telecommunications.Much attention has focused on how the high tech industries, particularly computers, software, telecommunications, and information technology, will be affected by EC standards, certification and testing issues. (See Communications, April 1990 and July 1990). According to Myles Denny-Brown, an international economist and coordinator for EC 92 activities for information technology industries at the DoC, the high tech industry regards EC market potential with cautious optimism. &ldquo;I believe (industry) feels there is the possibility for some real liberalization there,&rdquo; he says. &ldquo;But there is also the possibility of some restrictiveness.&rdquo;Denny-Brown points out that standards and procurement issues are particularly important to build a competitive environment that would allow market growth to really take off the way it should. (see sidebar)
Adaptive distribution of model components via congestion measures
Authors: M. S. Shanker, W. D. Kelton, R. Padman
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation (1989)

One of the factors affecting the performance of distributed simulation models is the assignment of logical processes to processors. This paper outlines a dynamic allocation scheme which can be used for assigning logical processes to processors to minimize the run time of the simulation. The experiments were conducted on an iPSC Hypercube, and indicated that the dynamic scheme reduced and stabilized run times, and was even necessary in some cases for the successful execution of the simulation.
Minimum number of fundamental invariants for the binary form of degree 7
Authors: J. Dixmier, D. Lazard
Venue: Journal of Symbolic Computation (1988)

The minimal number of fundamental invariants for the binary form of degree 7 was a problem left open since last century. It has been solved partly by computer algebra, partly by hand computations.
Achieving Dependability Throughout the Development Process: A Distributed Software Experiment
Authors: John P. J. Kelly, Susan C. Murphy
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1990)

Distributed software engineering techniques and methods for improving the specification and testing phases are considered. To examine these issues, an experiment was performed using the design diversity approach in the specification, design, implementation, and testing of distributed software. In the experiment, three diverse formal specifications were used to produce multiple independent implementations of a distributed communication protocol in Ada. The problems encountered in building complex concurrent processing systems in Ada were also studied. Many pitfalls were discovered in mapping the formal specifications into Ada implementations.
More than just a communication system: diversity in the use of electronic mail
Authors: Wendy E. Mackay
Venue: Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work (1988)

This paper describes a series of interviews that focus on the ways that professional office workers use electronic mail to manage their daily work. A number of implications for the design of flexible mail systems are discussed. Two principal claims are made. First, electronic mail is more than just a communication system. In addition to supporting information management, it provides a mechanism for supporting a variety of time management and task management activities. Some people are prioritizers, concentrating on the problem of managing incoming messages. Others are archivers, concentrating on how to archive information for subsequent use. Similarly, some people use mail to delegate tasks, while others perform tasks delegated to them by others electronically. The second claim is that use of electronic mail is strikingly diverse, although not infinitely so. Individuals vary in their preferences, both in their general willingness to manage their work electronically and in their specific preferences along the dimensions described above. This diversity implies that one's own experiences with electronic mail are unlikely to provide sufficient understanding of other's uses of mail. Mail designers should thus seek flexible primitives that capture the important dimensions and provide flexibility for a wide range of users.
New techniques for best-match retrieval
Authors: Dennis Shasha, Tsong-Li Wang
Venue: ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) (1990)

A scheme to answer best-match queries from a file containing a collection of objects is described. A best-match query is to find the objects in the file that are closest (according to some (dis)similarity measure) to a given target. Previous work [5, 331] suggests that one can reduce the number of comparisons required to achieve the desired results using the triangle inequality, starting with a data structure for the file that reflects some precomputed intrafile distances. We generalize the technique to allow the optimum use of any given set of precomputed intrafile distances. Some empirical results are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of our scheme, and its performance relative to previous algorithms.
LOWSAS: a computer-aided analysis system for local warfare
Authors: Ming-Yaun Zhu, Dong-Shan Bao
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1989)

This paper describes a local war simulation system called LOWSAS. The system design is based on an object-oriented approach called Battle/Force model and is implemented with programming language Ada.
Information technologies for the 1990s: an organizational impact perspective
Authors: Detmar W. Straub,  Jr., James C. Wetherbe
Venue: Communications of the ACM (1989)

When a thing is new, people say: "It is not true." Later, when its truth becomes obvious, they say: "It is not important." Finally, when its importance cannot be denied, they say: "Anyway, it is not new." Adapted from William James
CIBELE: a knowledge based system for short-term production scheduling
Authors: P. Calvo, T. Carminati, P. Fraternali, S. Miriello
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems - Volume 1 (1989)

The system described is a knowledge-based expert system for short-term scheduling in environments characterized by a large number of production constraints and conflicting production goals. It can be viewed either as a high-level environment for developing and testing applications in the field of manufacturing production scheduling or a tool for building effective schedules in complex real world cases.In the first case it offers several functionalities supporting the user in performing such tasks as: generation and testing of field models and scheduling politics; rapid prototyping of new applications; validation and improvement of existing scheduling packages.In the second case it can be used as a sophisticated scheduling product that can cope with a wide variety of production constraints and with different and conflicting objectives. Such power and flexibility have been achieved mainly through the use of sophisticated knowledge representation and problem solving techniques.