ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Control and integration of a CAD data base
Authors: P. L. Ciampi, A. D. Donovan, J. D. Nash
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

Within the field of Design Automation, the term &ldquo;data base&rdquo; has generally lacked a precise definition, but it usually describes a system which integrates, organizes, and controls a large amount of data. In this paper, we will examine two approaches to implementing a CAD data base - an MIS-type system where one logical and one physical representation of data exist, and an alternate system where one logical data base structure is physically utilized many times. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the second approach, which we implemented at Raytheon.
GASP iv simulation of flush water recycling systems
Authors: R. L. Fehr, J. R. Nuckols, O. J. Loewer, J. P. Bowden
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1977)

The evaluation of the performance and the determination of the optimum design of a limited size recycling system for livestock waste handling are highly complex. To aid in evaluating this system, a computer program has been developed that is capable of modeling the effects of alternate flushing system designs and management operations. The model inputs include animal category, water storage container dimensions (multiple storage areas are allowed), flushing frequency and flush volume. The model defines the internal processes occurring over time in various components of the system, and determines the effects of management decisions on the system's performance. This paper describes the computer model including available management options. In addition, the results of a simulation are presented and discussed.
Decision problems in computational models
Authors: Michael S. Paterson
Venue: Issue 14 (January 1972) (1972)

Some of the assertions about programs which we might be interested in proving are concerned with correctness, equivalence, accessibility of subroutines and guarantees of termination. We should like to develop techniques for determining such properties efficiently and intelligently wherever possible. Though theory tells us that for a realistic programming language almost any interesting property of the behaviour is effectively undecidable, this situation may not be intolerable in practice. An unsolvability result just gives us warning that we may not be able to solve all of the problems we are presented with, and that some of the ones we can solve will be very hard. In such circumstances it is very reasonable to try and determine necessary or sufficient conditions on programs for our techniques to be assured of success; however, in this paper we shall discuss a more qualitative, indirect, approach. We consider a range of more or less simplified computer models, chosen judiciously to exemplify some particular feature or features of computation. A demonstration of unsolvability in such a model reveals more accurately those sources which can contribute to unsolvability in a more complicated structure. On the other hand a decision procedure may illustrate a technique of practical use. It is our thesis that this kind of strategy of exploration can and will yield insight and practical advances in the theory of computation. Provided that the model retains some practical relevance, the dividends are the greater the nearer the decision problem lies to the frontier between solvability and unsolvability.
Residue class error checking codes
Authors: D. S. Henderson
Venue: Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting (1961)

Error checking codes based on residues have the advantage over parity-based codes of monitoring arithmetic as well as transmission operations. Codes may be devised to detect burst-type errors, to correct single errors in a binary arithmetic operation, to correct burst errors and finally to correct any single-digit error in a decimal operation.
Generating design proposals with APL graphic functions
Authors: John W. Wade
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1981)

This paper describes a computer graphics system intended for use by architectural designers in creating building form. It emphasizes ease of input by an organized system of unit sized geometric figures and provides a wide choice of modifications to those figures. The focus of the paper is on the method of unit figure construction that permits modifications to the figures, and interpolations between pairs of figures.
Factored Specifications In The Synthesis Of LISP Functions
Authors: Ted J. Biggerstaff
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

One of the outstanding problems of software engineering is the development of a program specification system which is rigorous, unambiguous, and powerful; yet one which is flexible, easy to use, and natural. This paper takes a step in that direction by introducing a new specification paradigm with much of the naturalness and flexibility of informal, natural language specifications yet with sufficient formality and rigor to allow machine processing of the specifications. This paper explains and analyzes the program specification method used by a working, automatic program synthesis system (the &ldquo;C2,&rdquo; Design Directed Program Synthesis System). This specification paradigm has a number of unique features: &bull; The specifications consist of a number of independently stated, yet complementary elements or factors which clearly separate the &ldquo;what&rdquo; and &ldquo;how&rdquo; aspects of specification. &bull; Each factored specification element is decoupled from the others and is meaningful by itself. &bull; There is a well-defined (i.e., implemented) procedure for synthesizing programs using this specification paradigm. &bull; One of the fundamental factored elements of this specification paradigm is an abstracted design. Each design is highly general and can be used to synthesize an infinity of target programs exhibiting a wide range of detailed control structures and functions. &bull; The specification paradigm is intuitively appropriate in that each factored specification element contributes to the synthesis of the intuitively appropriate portions of the target program. This paper explains each factored specification element required by the C2 paradigm, what portions of the target program are developed from a specific element, and to a limited extent, how those target program portions are derived from the specification element. In addition, we will compare this specification methodology to other methods such as algebraic specification methods, specification languages, design languages, formal methods, and informal methods. Finally, we will discuss how this paradigm might be applied to a real-world system such as a business system.
A statistical survey on the CAI thermodynamics at U. S. Naval Academy
Authors: Chih Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

A computer-aided instruction in thermodynamics has been developed at U. S. Naval Academy for teaching a number of midshipmen individually. The ultimate goal of the course is to contribute to increasing the quality and effectiveness of the teaching and the learning process in thermodynamics. Some of the objectives to be achieved include (a) to improve the relationship between the faculty and the student, and (b) to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of various CAI techniques. The general scope of the course, the equipment used, and the development of the course are described. A questionnaire containing 39 items has been distributed to those midshipmen who took CAI thermodynamics course in the past; 42 students have responded. Based on the opinions of the students for whom the CAI system is designed, a statistical survey has been made. The course has since been modified and restructured in accordance with the student's suggestions.
A digital video display system implemented on a KIM-1 microcomputer
Authors: N. Solntseff, M. D. Drummond
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSMALL symposium and the first SIGPC symposium on Small systems (1980)

The &ldquo;microelectronic revolution&rdquo; and the accompanying decrease in the cost of semiconductor memory has increased the availability of raster-scan graphical displays, yet, as pointed out in a recent survey [BAE79], the implementation of graphics software for raster-scan systems has lagged behind that for random-scan ones. The aim of the work described in the present paper has been to apply random-scan techniques to a system employing a relatively inexpensive raster-scan device. The system, incorporating a display-file processor, is implemented on a KIM-1 microcomputer. The display device is composed of a Micro Technology Unlimited video board and a standard TV monitor.
Survey of analysis, simulation and modeling for large scale logic circuits
Authors: Albert E. Ruehli
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce recent developments in the time analysis, simulation and modeling of logic circuits. These advances which have taken place in the circuit and systems area augment the recent advances in logic time simulators. The latest trend has been to combine the approaches into a single system, a so called mixed simulation-analysis program. In this paper we review some of the circuit oriented techniques at a level understandable to the non circuit-theorist.
Traits: An approach to multiple-inheritance subclassing
Authors: Gael Curry, Larry Baer, Daniel Lipkie, Bruce Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the SIGOA conference on Office information systems (1982)

This paper describes a new technique for organizing software which has been used successfully by the Xerox Star 8010 workstation. The workstation (WS) software is written in an &ldquo;object-oriented&rdquo; style: it can be viewed as a system of inter-communicating objects of different object types. Most of the WS software considers object types to be constructed by assembling more primitive abstractions called traits. A trait is a characteristic of an object, and is expressed as a set of operations which may be applied to objects carrying that trait. The traits model of subclassing generalizes the SIMULA-67 model by permitting multiple inheritance paths. This paper describes the relationship of WS software to the traits model and then describes the model itself.
Simulation of computer program distribution
Authors: S. Yagil
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

A computer program library is essentially a &ldquo;job shop&rdquo; which accepts and processes requests for computer programs. Such processing usually results in an initial delivery of the program package to the requestor, followed later by deliveries of maintenance packages to him. Packages usually consist of documentation and machine readable material (cards, tapes, disks, etc.).The latter is prepared on data processing equipment installed in the shop. Simulation of this preparation process has proved to be a useful tool in the short and long range planning of the shop's facilities. The GPSS/360 model constructed simulates both the management's supervisory decision process as well as the resulting activity of machine readable material preparation. It produces a suggested equipment installation schedule, accompanied by statistics on equipment utilization, service times, costs, etc. based on that schedule.
Design of a multiprogrammed algebraic compiler
Authors: Ascher Opler, Myra Gray
Venue: Proceedings of the 1961 16th ACM national meeting (1961)

In the early months of 1959, the writers were given a particularly challenging assignment. They undertook the task of designing a very large algebraic compiler for the Minneapolis Honeywell H-800 Electronic Data Processing machine.
Optimal single row router
Authors: Raghunath Raghavan, Sartaj Sahni
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference (1982)

The single row approach represents a systematic suboptimal approach to the general multilayer rectilinear wire problem. With this approach, the single row wiring problem (i.e., one where all the points are collinear) forms the backbone of the general multilayer wiring problem. We consider the problem of generating minimum width layout for single row wiring problems. Our algorithm, which is not grid-based, is enumerative and uses a strong bounding criterion.
Questions about Systems and User Services Communications
Authors: Lori Buffum
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1978)

Rather than discoursing on the subject, &ldquo;Communications between Systems and User Services.&rdquo; I have attempted here to raise some hopefully catalytic questions. The questions were asked of staff members from both the User Services and Systems groups of Stanford's SCIP Campus Facility. A selection of their responses were used to compose the &ldquo;answers&rdquo; following each question. A group meeting of User Services staff also provided some of the notes and I have interspersed some occasional editorial remarks. Whether your installation is very similar or very different, some of the points raised and information presented should stimulate you to think about your idea of good and effective communication and how it may be succeeding or failing at your center.
A tutorial on statistical analysis of simulation output data
Authors: Averill M. Law
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th conference on Winter simulation (1980)

In many simulation studies a large amount of time and money is spent on model development, but little effort is made to analyze the simulation output data in a proper manner. Since most simulation models use random variables as input, the output data are themselves random and care must therefore be taken in drawing conclusions about the system under study. In this paper we present an up-to-date treatment of procedures which can be used for constructing confidence intervals for measures of performance of a simulated system. The emphasis will be on simple, easy-to-use procedures which have been shown to perform well in practice.
Multi-state information system: Problems and solutions
Authors: George W. Logemann
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

MSIS is a large, clinically-oriented system for keeping records of the history, treatment and progress of patients under psychiatric treatment. It is used in large state mental hospitals and in mental health centers and clinics. Currently these facilities are located primarily in the New England area. In order to develop MSIS, Information Sciences Division at Rockland State Hospital (ISD) has addressed itself to a number of problems, falling into two broad categories: user-oriented considerations and technical considerations.
Algebraic algorithms using p-adic constructions
Authors: David Y. Y. Yun
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1976)

Machine computation of many algebraic operations of interest and utility to mathematicians and scientists has received increasing attention in the recent years. A variety of terminology has been used to describe this area of mathematical computation. Among these are symbolic manipulation, computer algebra, algebraic methods, constructive algebra, and seminumerical algorithms. Whatever name is chosen for the field currently known as symbolic and algebraic manipulation, the most fundamental part of any symbolic computer software system for the actual computing is always the workhorse subpackage that deals with polynomial and rational functions.
An implementation of Kovacic's algorithm for solving second order linear homogeneous differential equations
Authors: B. David Saunders
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation (1981)

Kovacic [3] has given an algorithm for the closed form solution of differential equations of the form ay" + by' + cy &equil; 0, where a, b, and c are rational functions with complex coefficients of the independent variable x. The algorithm provides a Liouvillian solution (i.e. one that can be expressed in terms of integrals, exponentials and algebraic functions) or reports that no such solution exists. In this note a version of Kovacic's algorithm is described. This version has been implemented in MACSYMA and tested successfully on examples in Boyce and DiPrima [1], Kamke [2], and Kovacic [3]. Modifications to the algorithm have been made to minimize the amount of code needed and to avoid the complete factorization of a polynomial called for. In Section 2 these issues are discussed and in Section 3 the author's current version of the algorithm is described.
Program size and economy of descriptions: Preliminary Report
Authors: A. R. Meyer, A. Bagchi
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1972)

Restricted programming languages, for example primitive recursive definition schemes, are very often not nearly as succinct in describing primitive recursive functions as a general programming language [1]. We show that as one increases the power of programming languages, one can obtain economies in program size by any recursive amount for even very simple functions. This parallels a situation in the arithmetic hierarchy, where it is possible to get a recursively enumerable set whose smallest recursively enumerable index is much larger than the smallest index for the same set considered, say, as a set recursively enumerable in &oslash;'. These phenomena follow from the fact that the ability to write programs which refer to the universal functions of an enumeration enables one to decrease significantly the size of programs. The notation, when not defined is that of [4].
Stress management for the computing professional
Authors: Sandra Hollander
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '81 conference (1981)

The daily stress of the computing professional's life takes its toll. Stress management is learning to identify and control the factors creating the stress, thereby releasing more energy for creative and productive work. Emphasis will be on: Identifying and understanding situations and symptoms of stress on the job, and effective methods for managing stress. Participants will have the opportunity to pinpoint the sources of stress typical in their daily lives and to consider ways to use stress management to feel better, achieve greater concentration, and increase ability to maintain a high performance level.
A new integrated system for PLA testing and verification
Authors: Fabio Somenzi, Silvano Gai, Marco Mezzalama, Paolo Prinetto
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

PART is a system for PLA testing and verification, intended to be properly interfaced with other existing tools to generate a comprehensive design environment. To this purpose, it provides several facilities, among which the capability of generating fault population on the basis of layout information. PART aims at producing a very compact test set for all detectable crosspoint defects, using limited amounts of run time and storage. This is achieved by means of an efficient partitioning algorithm together with powerful heuristics. Test minimality is ensured by a simple procedure. In the present paper these are discussed, experimental results are given and a comparison with competing strategies is made.
Present and future on P.C.B. layout design automation system at SIT-Siemens
Authors: A. Giugliano, F. Bosisio
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

The automation of numerous industrial processes using an electronic computer has been a reality for several years. In addition, numerous stages of electronic design are capable of being automated with considerable advantages. If the results are to be satisfactory, however, it is essential that various fundamental points are taken into account when a Computer Aided Engineering system is being designed. In our work and our experience we have found that the following points are significant: Clarity in defining objectives Modular strategy Standardization in the method of design; this is not so true for the conception as for the documentation Flexibility and adaptability of the system to the existing organisational structure Existance of an efficient infrastructure and hardware support. This facility speeds up the collection, memorization and transformation of a considerable amount of data, which constitutes an essential, perhaps the most important, operation in the whole procedure. Starting with these basic principles, the various modular components for the automatic design of printed circuit boards was initiated. The objectives are being reached gradually and without traumatic experiences in productivity.
Research on rural communication and the microcomputer controlled modem and telephone
Authors: Robert C. Gammill
Venue: Proceedings of the 1981 ACM SIGSMALL symposium on Small systems and SIGMOD workshop on Small database systems (1981)

Rural areas have a high variance in quality of life attributes. Despite positive attributes such as quiet, clean air, woods, lakes, slower pace and other amenities, there are numerous negative attributes stemming from isolation, such as limited numbers of stimulating jobs, reduced access to educational, cultural and entertainment opportunities, reduced peer interaction, and other positive attributes of urban life. Modern communications media, such as telephone, mail, newspapers, magazines, radio and television, have helped, but there is still a lack of rapid, inexpensive, convenient, non-interruptive two-way communication facilities for rural use. Computer controlled telephones promise to remedy this situation in the near future. Microcomputer controlled data communication over telephone lines should produce a major improvement in quality of life in rural areas. This paper describes how this may come about, examines technical and economic problems in the way, and describes research being carried out at North Dakota State University to solve these problems. The work is part of a project called RAIN (Rural Agricultural Information Network) sponsored jointly by the North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. The research centers on the development of adaptive software that allows a computer running UNIX (Thompson 1974 and Crowley 1978) to login on another computer and run programs there, as if the UNIX system were an ordinary time-sharing user. This capability allows the UNIX system to communicate with computers that are unprepared to communicate with it! In a rural environment where most computers will be owned by individuals, such capabilities are likely to be critical. In the course of the work it has become clear that some of the problems stem from the inadequacies of present data communications equipment, especially telephone interfaces and modems. These are outlined. A conceptual design is sketched for a highly adaptive computer controlled modem that would speed progress in rural data communication. The potential applications and value of such a modem are presented.