ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Newton's Pen: a pen-based tutoring system for statics
Authors: WeeSan Lee, Ruwanee de Silva, Eric J. Peterson, Robert C. Calfee, Thomas F. Stahovich
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling (2007)

We present Newton's Pen, a statics tutor implemented on a "pentop computer", a writing instrument with an integrated digitizer and embedded processor. The tutor, intended for undergraduate education, scaffolds students in the construction of free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. This project entailed the development of sketch understanding techniques and user interface principles for creating pedagogically-sound instructional tools for pentop computers. Development on the pentop platform presented novel challenges because of limited computational resources and a visually static, ink-on-paper display (the only dynamic output device is an audio speaker). We show that a system architecture based on a finite state machine reduces the computational complexity, and serves as a convenient means for providing context-sensitive tutorial help. Our pilot study suggests that Newton's Pen has potential as an effective teaching tool.
Filters in fuzzy class theory
Authors: Tomáš Kroupa
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2008)

A concept of filter is introduced in fuzzy class theory. Graded properties of filters, prime filters, and related constructions are investigated. In particular, the properties of filters relativized with respect to the three basic t-norms (Godel, product, and Lukasiewicz) are studied. A naturally arising example of a graded filter is constructed and it is shown that the models of filters include well-known families of set functions.
Performance and accuracy of hardware-oriented native-, emulated-and mixed-precision solvers in FEM simulations
Authors: Dominik Göddeke, Robert Strzodka, Stefan Turek
Venue: International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems (2007)

In this survey paper, we compare native double precision solvers with emulated-and mixed-precision solvers of linear systems of equations as they typically arise in finite element discretisations. The emulation utilises two single float numbers to achieve higher precision, while the mixed precision iterative refinement computes residuals and updates the solution vector in double precision but solves the residual systems in single precision. Both techniques have been known since the 1960s, but little attention has been devoted to their performance aspects. Motivated by changing paradigms in processor technology and the emergence of highly-parallel devices with outstanding single float performance, we adapt the emulation and mixed precision techniques to coupled hardware configurations, where the parallel devices serve as scientific co-processors. The performance advantages are examined with respect to speedups over a native double precision implementation (time aspect) and reduced area requirements for a chip (space aspect). The paper begins with an overview of the theoretical background, algorithmic approaches and suitable hardware architectures. We then employ several conjugate gradient (CG) and multigrid solvers and study their behaviour for different parameter settings of the iterative refinement technique. Concrete speedup factors are evaluated on the coupled hardware configuration of a general-purpose CPU and a graphics processor. The dual performance aspect of potential area savings is assessed on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). In the last part, we test the applicability of the proposed mixed precision schemes with ill-conditioned matrices. We conclude that the mixed precision approach works very well with the parallel co-processors gaining speedup factors of four to five, and area savings of three to four, while maintaining the same accuracy as a reference solver executing everything in double precision.
SEU-Hardened Energy Recovery Pipelined Interconnects for On-Chip Networks
Authors: Alireza Ejlali, Bashir M. Al-Hashimi
Venue: Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip (2008)

Pipelined on-chip interconnects are used in on-chip networks to increase the throughput of interconnects and to achieve freedom in choosing arbitrary network topologies. Since reliability and energy consumption are prominent issues in on-chip networks, they should be carefully considered in the design of pipelined interconnects. In this paper, we propose the use of energy recovery techniques to construct low energy and reliable pipelined on-chip interconnects. The proposed designs have been evaluated using detailed SPICE simulations. In the reliability analysis, the SEU fault model is considered as it is a major reliability concern in the sequential circuits (pipelining memory elements) implemented in DSM technologies. The experimental studies show that the proposed energy recovery designs can be used to reduce the energy consumption by about 30% while provide a better reliability (comparable to what is achievable from fault tolerance techniques) as compared to conventional pipelined interconnects.
CityFlocks: designing social navigation for urban mobile information systems
Authors: Mark Bilandzic, Marcus Foth, Alexander De Luca
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems (2008)

CityFlocks is a mobile system enabling visitors and new residents in a city to tap into the knowledge and experiences of local residents, so as to gather information about their new environment. Its design specifically aims to lower existing barriers of access and facilitate social navigation in urban places. This paper presents a design case study of a mobile system prototype that offers an easy way for information seeking new residents or visitors to access tacit knowledge from local people about their new community. In various user tests we evaluate two general user interaction alternatives - direct and indirect social navigation - and analyse under what conditions which interaction method works better for people using a mobile device to socially navigate urban environments. The outcomes are relevant for the user interaction design of future mobile information systems that leverage off of a social navigation approach.
Tracking objects with networked scattered directional sensors
Authors: Kurt Plarre, P. R. Kumar
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2008)

We study the problem of object tracking using highly directional sensors--sensors whose field of vision is a line or a line segment. A network of such sensors monitors a certain region of the plane. Sporadically, objects moving in straight lines and at a constant speed cross the region. A sensor detects an object when it crosses its line of sight, and records the time of the detection. No distance or angle measurements are available. The task of the sensors is to estimate the directions and speeds of the objects, and the sensor lines, which are unknown a priori. This estimation problem involves the minimization of a highly nonconvex cost function. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce an algorithm, which we call "adaptive basis algorithm." This algorithm is divided into three phases: in the first phase, the algorithm is initialized using data from six sensors and four objects; in the second phase, the estimates are updated as data from more sensors and objects are incorporated. The third phase is an optional coordinated transformation. The estimation is done in an "ad-hoc" coordinate system, which we call "adaptive coordinate system." When more information is available, for example, the location of six sensors, the estimates can be transformed to the "real-world" coordinate system. This constitutes the third phase.
An empirical characterisation of electronic document navigation
Authors: Jason Alexander, Andy Cockburn
Venue: Proceedings of graphics interface 2008 (2008)

To establish an empirical foundation for analysis and redesign of document navigation tools, we implemented a system that logs all user actions within Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader. We then conducted a four month longitudinal study of fourteen users' document navigation activities. The study found that approximately half of all documents manipulated are reopenings of previously used documents and that recent document lists are rarely used to return to a document. The two most used navigation tools (by distance moved) are the mousewheel and scrollbar thumb, accounting for 44% and 29% of Word movement and 17% and 31% of Reader navigation. Participants were grouped into stereotypical navigator categories based on the tools they used the most. Majority of the navigation actions observed were short, both in distance (less than one page) and in time (less than one second). We identified three types of within document hunting, with the scrollbar identified as the greatest contributor.
NiCd battery type parameter estimation using a hybrid neuronal approach
Authors: L. Merad, M. Bekhti, N. Larbi, A. Boutte
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications (2008)

In this study, our principal objective is the estimation of the parameters of a NiCd battery type by using the artificial neural networks. The idea consists in using a hybrid training based on the evolutionary algorithms and the method of Levenberg-Marquardt. The results of simulation show the good founded of the used technique.
Student-centered support systems to sustain logo-like learning
Authors: Sylvia Martinez
Venue: Informatics in education (2007)

Conventional wisdom attributes the lack of effective technology use in classrooms to a shortage of professional development or poorly run professional development. At the same time, logo-like learning environments require teachers to develop more expertise not only in technology but also in pedagogy. This paper proposes that the perceived lack of technology professional development is a myth and that traditional professional development is ill-suited to teaching teachers how to create logo-like learning environments. Furthermore, it proposes models of student-centered, student-led support for teachers that support classroom practice aligned with the attributes of logo-like learning environments. These models situate teacher learning about technology in their own classroom, reinforce constructivist teaching practices, provide support for technology use in the classroom, and enrich learning environments for students.
Scalable summaries of spoken conversations
Authors: Sumit Basu, Surabhi Gupta, Milind Mahajan, Patrick Nguyen, John C. Platt
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2008)

In this work, we present a novel means of browsing recorded audio conversations. The method we develop produces scalable summaries of the recognized speech, in which we can increase the amount of text continuously with the desired level of detail to best fill the available space. We present an interface in which a user can view an entire conversation in one screen, but can also quickly zoom in to see the full transcript; the corresponding audio can be easily played as well. The scaling is achieved via a combination of topic segmentation and informative phrase selection, where the threshold for informativeness decreases with increasing level of detail. Finally, we evaluate our method and interface against a baseline interface with a user study.
Asymptotic and numerical analysis of an inviscid bounded vortex flow at low Mach number
Authors: Anne Cadiou, Lionel Le Penven, Marc Buffat
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2008)

The inviscid low Mach number compressible flow developing from a plane incompressible vortex with constant density in a bounded domain is studied. A reference solution for this model flow is obtained by two-time scale asymptotic development in the zero Mach number limit. The solution can be decomposed into variations with a slow convective and a fast acoustic time scale. A selection of numerical schemes widely used to solve unsteady compressible low Mach number flows has been implemented to simulate this flow for two Mach number values, M=0.1 and M=0.01. The ability of the schemes to predict low Mach number flows and their behavior with the value of the Mach number have been analyzed.
Verified Safety and Information Flow of a Block Device
Authors: Paul Graunke
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2008)

This work reports on the author's experience designing, implementing, and formally verifying a low-level piece of system software. The timing model and the adaptation of an existing information flow policy to a monadic framework are reasonably novel. Interactive compilation through equational rewriting worked well in practice. Finally, the project uncovered some potential areas for improving interactive theorem provers.
Biologically-Inspired Adaptive Learning: A Near Set Approach
Authors: James F. Peters, Shabnam Shahfar, Sheela Ramanna, Tony Szturm
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information Technologies (2007)

learning by machines can be influenced beneficially by various forms of learning by biological organisms. The solution to this problem is partially solved by considering considering a model of perception that is at the level of classes in a partition defined by a particular equivalence relation in an approximation space. This form of perception provides a basis for adaptive learning that has surprising acuity. Viewing approximation spaces as the formal counterpart of perception was suggested by Ewa Orlowska in 1982. This view of perception grew out the discovery of rough sets by Zdzislaw Pawlak during the early 1980s. The particular model of perception that underlies biologically-inspired learning is based on a near set approach, which considers classes of organisms with similar behaviours. In this paper, the focus is on learning by tropical fish called glowlight tetra (Hemigarmmus erythrozonus). Ethology (study of the comparative behaviour of organisms), in particular, provides a basis for the design of an artificial ecosystem useful in simulating the behaviour of fish. The contribution of this paper is a complete framework for an ethology-based study of adaptive learning defined in the context of nearness approximation spaces. Index Terms--Approximate adaptive learning, behaviour, ethology, machine learning, near set, observation, perception. An approximation space ... serves as a formal counterpart of perception ability or observation. Ewa Orlowska, March, 1982.
Computer-Aided Modeling of Reactive Systems
Authors: Warren E. Stewart, Michael Caracotsios
Venue:  (2008)

Learn to apply modeling and parameter estimation tools and strategies to chemicalprocesses using your personal computer This book introduces readers to powerful parameter estimation and computational methods for modeling complex chemical reactions and reaction processes. It presents useful mathematical models, numerical methods for solving them, and statistical methods for testing and discriminating candidate models with experimental data. Topics covered include: Chemical reaction models Chemical reactor models Probability and statistics Bayesian estimation Process modeling with single-response data Process modeling with multi-response data Computer software (Athena Visual Studio) is available via a related Web site http://www.athenavisual.com enabling readers to carry out parameter estimation based on their data and to carry out process modeling using these parameters. As an aid to the reader, an appendix of example problems and solutions is provided. Computer-Aided Modeling of Reactive Systems is an ideal supplemental text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in chemical engineering courses, while it also serves as a valuable resource for practitioners in industry who want to keep up to date on the most current tools and strategies available.
An integration platform for developing digital life applications
Authors: Ching-Shine Hwang, Tzuu-Shaang Wey, Yuan-Hung Lo
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 02 (2007)

This paper describes how we develop a digital life service system by integrating developed separately applications. A lot of Internet appliances are implemented and integrated to evaluate this integration platform. Users can control these appliances by a web browser. We integrated seamlessly these appliances as a whole on the web platform. A home gateway is used as the integration platform. A GPRS modem and a Bluetooth module are connected to the home gateway. The home gateway can thus communicate with all the appliances through the Bluetooth module, and provide a way to approach each appliance from Internet. For each appliance there is a corresponding CGI program to provide as the user interface. Users of the appliance can control each appliance through the web browser. Users can access the appliance through Internet at any place and any time. The GPRS modem can send SMS to user when there are any emergency events.
Advancing Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Authors: Qi Luo
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2008)

Knowledge discovery and data mining have become areas of growing significance because of the recent increasing demand for KDD techniques, including those used in machine learning, databases, statistics, knowledge acquisition, data visualization, and high performance computing. Knowledge discovery and data mining can be extremely beneficial for the field of Artificial Intelligence in many areas, such as industry, commerce, government, education and so on. The relation between Knowledge and Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) process are presented in the paper. Data mining theory, Data mining tasks, Data Mining technology and Data Mining challenges are also proposed. This is an belief abstract for an invited talk at the workshop.
The causes and consequences of presence: Considering the influence of violent video games on presence and aggression
Authors: Kristine L. Nowak, Marina Krcmar, Kirstie M. Farrar
Venue: Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments (2008)

The level of presence is likely to influence the effect of media violence. This project examines the causes and consequences of presence in the context of violent video game play. In a between subjects design, 227 participants were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a nonviolent video game. The results are consistent with what would be predicted by social learning theory and are consistent with previous presence research. Causal modeling analyses reveal two separate paths to presence: from individual differences and condition. The first path reveals that individual differences (previous game use and gender) predict presence. Those who frequently play video games reported higher levels of presence than those who play video games less frequently. Males play more games but felt less presence than women. The second path is related to perceived violence: those who perceived the game to be more violent felt more presence than those who perceived less violence in the game. Both of these paths were influenced by frustration with the game, which reduced presence. Those who felt more presence felt more hostility and were more verbally aggressive than those who felt lower levels of presence. Higher levels of presence led to increased physically aggressive intentions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Multics encipher_Algorithm
Authors: W. Olin Sibert, Robert W. Baldwin
Venue: Cryptologia (2007)

A fast software block encryption algorithm with a 72-bit key was written by (then) Major Roger R. Schell (United States Air Force) in April 1973 and released as part of the source code for the Multics operating system. The design of the Multics encipher_ algorithm includes features such as variable data-dependent rotations that were not published until the 1990s-20 years after the Multics cipher. This article describes the history and details of the Multics encipher_algorithm and how it was used for Key Generation, File Encryption, and Password Hashing. A cryptographic analysis of the algorithm has not been performed, although similarities are noted with algorithms such as XTEA, SEAL, and RC5.
Fuzzy Private Matching (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Lukasz Chmielewski, Jaap-Henk Hoepman
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2008)

In the private matching problem, a client and a server each hold a set of n input elements. The client wants to privately compute the intersection of these two sets: he learns which elements he has in common with the server (and nothing more), while the server gains no information at all. In certain applications it would be useful to have a fuzzy private matching protocol that reports a match even if two elements are only similar instead of equal. We consider this fuzzy private matching problem, in a semi-honest environment. First we show that the original solution proposed by Freedman et al. is incorrect. Subsequently we present two fuzzy private matching protocols. The first, simple, protocol has a large bit message complexity. The second protocol improves this, but here the client incurs a $O(n)$ factor time complexity.
Speech Visualization based on Robust Self-organizing Map (RSOM) for the Hearing Impaired
Authors: Wang Xu, Xue Lifang, Yang Dan, Han Zhiyan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

This paper describes a novel speech visualization method that creates a readable pattern based on robust self-organizing map (RSOM). According to SOM, RSOM introduces a time enhanced mechanism to improve system performance. The method remedies the defect that SOM only provides spatial topographic map ignoring temporal factor which is extremely important for speech signal. Firstly, speech signal undergoes a series of preprocessing course. Secondly, we make use of RSOM decreasing the dimension of speech feature vector. Finally, we utilize plot display algorithm to generate a speech plot. The speech feature after dimension decreasing by RSOM is displayed on the CRT by plot patterns and the deaf can utilize their own brain to identify different speech for training their oral ability effectively.
Intelligent debugging and repair of utility constraint sets in knowledge-based recommender applications
Authors: Alexander Felfernig, Erich Teppan, Gerhard Friedrich, Klaus Isak
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2008)

Recommenders support effective product retrieval processes for online users. These systems propose repair actions in situations where no solution can be found and derive recommendations including a set of explanations as to why a certain product has been selected. In this context utility constraints (scoring rules) have to be defined which specify the way utilities of products, explanations, and repair alternatives are determined. Such constraints can be faulty which means that they calculate rankings in a way not expected by marketing and sales experts. The maintenance and repair of such constraints is an extremely error-prone task. In this paper we present an intelligent environment which supports the automated adaptation of faulty utility constraints taking into account existing marketing and sales requirements. In this context we discuss experiences from commercial projects.