ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Secure Health Monitoring Network against Denial-Of-Service Attacks Using Cognitive Intelligence
Authors: Rajani Muraleedharan, Lisa Ann Osadciw
Venue: Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2008)

Secure and energy efficient transmission is a main concern in many wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, two types of denial-of-service attacks that affect the routing layer are analyzed and an energy efficient countermeasure is proposed. The performance of the application solely depends on accuracy and reliability of information updated in a timely fashion. The adaptive nature of network demands a cognitive algorithm, used in detecting and re-routing the information upon link failure due to physical, resource depletion or intrusion by an adversary. The proposed method, does not require any additional hardware, hence the survivability of the sensors is maintained, making the application robust, cost effective and energy efficient.
An extended CAP file to support high performance embedded java
Authors: Jesse Van Beurden, Greg Knowles, Graham Bignell
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Electronics, Control and Signal Processing (2003)

The fundamental security features inherent in Java make it an attractive platform for embedded systems when security is a primary concern. Standard Java is however too resource heavy to be considered a serious contender in the embedded market. The Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) Connected, Limited Device Configuration (CLDC), and Java Card are two lightweight Java platforms designed specifically for use in embedded applications. This paper describes the first part of a project to develop a highly optimised Java Card and J2ME compatible microprocessor that can execute all Java instructions natively in hardware. We have developed an emulator of the Java Card virtual machine (JCVM), and optimisations to the Java Card packaging system (CAP files). These optimisations give speed increases in the resolution of data located in external packages. We have used the emulator to formalise the Java Card instructions in the context of our optimisations, and in this paper we will show how the complex JCVM instructions such as invokevirtual can be implemented. Through utilising the optimisations and formalisations developed in this stage of the project, we can design a high performance, minimum overhead microprocessor specifically suited to embedded Java.
Symmetric distributed coding of stereo omnidirectional images
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Thirumalai, Ivana Tosic, Pascal Frossard
Venue: Image Communication (2008)

This paper presents a distributed coding scheme for the representation of 3D scenes captured by a pair of omnidirectional cameras with equivalent computational resources and transmission capabilities. The images are captured at different viewpoints and are encoded independently. A joint decoder exploits the correlation between images for improved decoding quality. The distributed coding is built on the multi-resolution representation of spherical images, whose information is split into two partitions. The encoder then transmits one partition after entropy coding, as well as the syndrome bits resulting from the channel encoding of the other partition. The joint decoder exploits the intra-view correlation by predicting one partition from the other partition. At the same time, it exploits the inter-view correlation using block-based disparity estimation between images from different cameras. Experiments demonstrate that the distributed coding solution performs better than a scheme where images are handled independently. Furthermore, the coding rate stays balanced between the different cameras, which permits to avoid hierarchical relations between vision sensors in camera networks.
Soil moisture estimation using MODIS and ground measurements in eastern China
Authors: L. Wang, J. J. Qu, S. Zhang, X. Hao, S. Dasgupta
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Recent technological advances in remote sensing have shown that soil moisture can be measured by microwave remote sensing under some topographic and vegetation cover conditions. However, current microwave technology limits the spatial resolution of soil moisture data. It has been found that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) are related to surface soil moisture; therefore, a relationship between ground observed soil moisture and satellite NDVI and LST products can be developed. Three years of 1 km NDVI and LST products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been combined with ground measured soil moisture to determine regression relationships at a 1 km scale. Results show that MODIS NDVI and LST are strongly correlated with the ground measured soil moisture, and regression relationships are land cover and soil type dependent. These regression relationships can be used to generate soil moisture estimates at moderate resolution for study area.
Design and simulation of micromachined gyroscope
Authors: N. AbuAlarraj, H. Hassan, H. Ibrahim
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st WSEAS International Conference on Computational Chemistry (2007)

In this paper a MEMS vibrating rate gyroscope design based on previous work [1] was analyzed to get its mechanical characteristics. In this design, bended beams were used for the inner and outer structures. Electrostatic force is applied on the comb drive electrodes of the gyroscope to create motion in the drive mode direction. The excitation of the gyroscope's drive mode and the deflection of the inner mass due to Coriolis force is simulated using ANSYS FEA software. The simulation results show resonance frequencies of 3769 Hz for the drive mode and 3661 Hz for the sense mode, maximum displacement of 5.07 µm in drive mode and 6.89nm in sense mode, the mechanical sensitivity is 0.00689 µm/ (°/s), and the frequency mismatch of 2.86%.
Model Checking Medium Access Control for Sensor Networks
Authors: Paolo Ballarini, Alice Miller
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (2006)

We describe verification of S-MAC, a medium access control protocol designed for wireless sensor networks, by means of the PRISM model checker. The S-MAC protocol is built on top of the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless {\itad hoc} networks and, as such, it uses the same randomised back off procedure as a means to avoid collision. In order to minimise energy consumption, in S-MAC, nodes are periodically put into a sleep state. Synchronisation of the sleeping schedules is necessary for the nodes to be able to communicate. Intuitively, energy saving obtained through a periodic sleep mechanism will be at the expense of performance. In previous work on S-MAC verification~\cite{yehees}, a combination of analytical techniques and simulation has been used to confirm the correctness of this intuition for a simplified (abstract) version of the protocol in which the initial schedules coordination phase is assumed correct. We show how we have used the PRISM model checker to verify the behaviour of S-MAC and compare it to that of IEEE 802.11.
Object view of normatively regulated activities
Authors: Dzenana Donko, Zikrija Avdagic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Software Engineering in east and south europe (2008)

This paper describes basic components and principles for support of the normatively regulated organizational activities. These activities are characterized by precise objective or purpose, participation of actors as role-holders, and norms and rules that govern the performance of these activities. Particular aspect and modeling of the normatively regulated activities are presented. Some aspects of object view on normatively regulated activities are described, with particular case of procurement activity.
Electric load combined forecasting model weights optimization using an improved particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Jiang Chuanwen, Ma Yuchao, Liu Yong, Lu Jianyu, Wang Liang
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circuits (2005)

The Electric load series always presents complex phenomenon because of the influence of many complicated facts, various forecasting results can be obtained by using different models for a given electric power utility. The combined forecasting model is recognized as an appreciative method. The paper introduces an improved Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for electric load combination forecasting model weight optimization. The new method applies a self-adaptive weight scale operator to avoid being trapped in the local optimum in conventional Particle swarm optimization. The proposed method has been examined and tested on a practical system. The test results show that the improved PSO has better convergence and faster calculation speed than the basic PSO, and the presented combination forecast model has improved the accuracy.
Embracing ambiguity in the design of non-stigmatizing digital technology for social interaction among senior citizens
Authors: T. Sokoler, M. S. Svensson
Venue: Behaviour & Information Technology (2007)

In this paper we report our early experience with the design of technology for senior citizens. We take as our point of departure a pre-study of the ways in which older adult living occurs at three different senior housing facilities in southern Sweden. We contribute to the current debate concerning the ways in which digital technology can be designed to enable new types of living arrangements for the ever growing population of older people. We focus on technology designed to support the social rather than physical challenges of growing older. In particular we discuss how designing for social interaction can circumvent the stigma associated with being lonely in light of diminishing social networks, changed patterns of interactions with family, moving to a new neighbourhood, and the loss of a spouse. We will suggest that designers, in the design of digital technology for social interaction, deliberately leave room for ambiguity to make it possible for people to leave their intentions of use unarticulated. Furthermore, recognizing that many everyday activities already act as enablers for social interaction, we suggest utilizing such activities as an approach for design. We will support our suggestions by introducing three perspectives: a perspective emphasizing that the population of older adults is one of resourceful individuals; a perspective on social interaction emphasizing its circumstantial nature as an inherent part of everyday activities; and a perspective on the role of digital technology emphasizing its role as merely one of many resources present for human action. Finally, we will present an example concept showing how an enhanced TV remote control may be designed to enable social interactions without inflicting too much on the original experience of watching TV and most importantly, without stigmatizing the people using the remote control as lonely individuals craving the company of others.
N-FindR method versus independent component analysis for lithological identification in hyperspectral imagery
Authors: C. Gomez, H. Le Borgne, P. Allemand, C. Delacourt, P. Ledru
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

The current study addresses the problem of the identification of each natural material present in each pixel of a hyperspectral image. Two end member extraction methods from hyperspectral imagery were studied: the N-FindR method and the independent component analysis (ICA). The N-FindR is an automatic technique that selects extreme points (end members) of an n-dimensional scatter plot. It assumes the existence of pure pixels in the distribution, which is infrequent in practice. ICA is a blind source separation technique studied in the signal processing community, which allows each spectrum of natural elements (end member spectra) to be extracted from the observation of some linear combinations of these. It considers a more realistic situation than N-FindR, assuming a spectra mixture for all the pixels. To increase the robustness of ICA, continuum-removed reflectance spectra were used and an iterative algorithm was introduced that takes into account a major part of the available information. The end member abundances were estimated by the fully constrained least squares spectral mixture analysis (FLCS). The end member identification and quantification were carried out on two surficial formations of a semi arid region located in the Rehoboth region, in Namibia, from hyperspectral Hyperion data. It appears that the two end member extraction methods have a similar potential. Whichever end member extraction method is used, the analysis of the rock abundance maps produces a lot of geological information: the distribution of natural elements is in line with the field observations and allows the description of the formation processes of surficial units.
An Integrated Design Of Flexure Hinges And Topology Optimization For Monolithic Compliant Mechanism
Authors: Chien-Jong Shih, Chih-Feng Lin, Hsin-Yi Chen
Venue: Journal of Integrated Design Process Science (2006)

When considering the engineering design process, structures resembling hinges are typically encountered in final structural topology optimization. Although the topology optimization can generate the most desired outcome for layout and approximate hinges alike, their manufacturability from a practical standpoint is in question. This paper proposes an multi-objective optimum design synthesis, using the analytic single-axis flexure formulation integrated with the formal optimization, as a post design process to obtain optimum flexural specifications with locations for promoting the overall performance of a monolithic compliant structure generated by topology optimization. The result verifies that the optimum location of hinge-like structures have been produced at the end of topology optimization. Consequently, a simple alternative design process is recommended for the integration of mechanical flexure hinges into the final product.
A Flexible Spatio-Temporal Indexing Scheme for Large-Scale GPS Track Retrieval
Authors: Longhao Wang, Yu Zheng, Xing Xie, Wei-Ying Ma
Venue: Proceedings of the The Ninth International Conference on Mobile Data Management (2008)

The increasing popularity of GPS device has boosted many Web applications where people can upload, browse and exchange their GPS tracks. In these applications, spatial or temporal search function could provide an effective way for users to retrieve specific GPS tracks they are interested in. However, existing spatial-temporal index for trajectory data has not exploited the characteristic of user behavior in these online GPS track sharing applications. In most cases, when sharing a GPS track, people are more likely to upload GPS data of the near past than the distant past. Thus, the interval between the end time of a GPS track and the time it is uploaded, if viewed as a random variable, has a skewed distribution. In this paper, we first propose a probabilistic model to simulate user behavior of uploading GPS tracks onto an online sharing application. Then we propose a flexible spatio-temporal index scheme, referred to as Compressed Start-End Tree (CSE-tree), for large-scale GPS track retrieval. The CSE-tree combines the advantages of B+ Tree and dynamic array, and maintains different index structure for data with different update frequency. Experiments using synthetic data show that CSE-tree outperforms other schemes in requiring less index size and less update cost while keeping satisfactory retrieval performance.
Middleware: just another level for orchestration
Authors: Tiziana Margaria, Bernhard Steffen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Middleware for next-generation converged networks and applications (2007)

In this paper we advocate to introduce a common modelling pattern for all the different layers of middleware based on services. This opens the possibility to flexibly choose the adequate levels for realizing specific features, and it allows all stakeholders to get a global picture of the overall scenario, a central factor when considering the convergence in networks and applications. Moreover, it allows to apply validations methods like model-based testing and model checking homogeneously, throughout the whole modelling hierarchy, from the underlying converging platforms to the user level.
Improved Compensation of HPA Nonlinearities Using Digital Predistorters with Dynamic and Multi-dimensional LUTs
Authors: Scott H. Melvin, Mohan Baro, Majed Jandali, Jacek Ilow
Venue: Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (2008)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely adopted in communications systems due to its high spectral efficiency and resistance to multipath fading and impulse noise. However, because of its large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), OFDM is highly sensitive to nonlinear distortion. In wireless systems, where to achieve acceptable power efficiency, the high power amplifiers (HPAs) operate near the saturation point, OFDM signals cause spectral regrowth leading to prohibitively high levels of adjacent channel interference (ACI). This paper investigates two signal predistortion techniques that attempt to mitigate these effects. The first approach assumes the HPA is memoryless, meaning that the output only depends on the current input. A predistorter using a one-dimensional (1-D) look up table (LUT) which has non-uniform bin spacing in amplitude is proposed. This non-uniform spacing allows the LUT to produce a better estimate of the inverse gain characteristic of the HPA. The second approach attempts to utilizes a two dimensional (2-D) LUT which is capable of linearizing amplifiers with memory effects where the amplifier gain has a dependency on the short-term average power of the input signal. Multiple LUTs are constructed over the range of the input signal with each LUT being employed over a specific range of short-term average power.
LOBSTER: a European platform for passive network traffic monitoring
Authors: Demetris Antoniades, Panagiotis Trimintzios, Michalis Polychronakis, Sven Ubik, Antonis Papadogiannakis, Vladimir Smotlacha
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities (2008)

Over the past few years we have been witnessing a large number of new programs and applications which generate prolific amounts of questionable, if not illegal, traffic that dominates our networks. Hoping from one port to another and using sophisticated encoding mechanisms, such applications have managed to evade traditional monitoring tools and confuse system administrators. In this paper we present a concerted European effort to improve our understanding of the Internet through the LOBSTER passive network traffic monitoring infrastructure. By capitalizing on a novel Distributed Monitoring Application Programming Interface which enables the creation of sophisticated applications on top of commodity hardware, LOBSTER empowers a large number of researchers and system administrators into reaching a better understanding of the kind of traffic that flows through their networks. We have been running LOBSTER for more than a year now and we have deployed close to forty sensors in twelve countries in three continents. Using LOBSTER sensors &bull; we have captured more than 600,000 sophisticated cyberattacks which attempted to masquerade themselves using advanced polymorphic approaches &bull; we have monitored the traffic of entire NRENs making it possible to identify the magnitude (as well as the sources) of file-sharing (peer to peer) traffic.
A versatile sample injection system for miniaturised isotachophoresis devices
Authors: S. J. Baldock, P. R. Fielden, N. J. Goddard, H. R. Kretschmer, J. E. Prest, B.J. Treves Brown
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

A variable-volume sample injector design is presented and evaluated for performing sample introduction protocols for carrying out miniaturised isotachophoresis (ITP) separations. The microdevice design features a wide bore sample loop channel connected to a narrower bore separation channel via a short injection channel angled at 45^o. An additional side arm channel located at the injection point enabled a range of injection strategies, using a gravity-fed system, to be implemented and assessed. A model analyte was used to demonstrate the versatility of the injector design for low and high sample loading regimes suitable for concentrated and dilute sample solutions, respectively.
A Novel Approach for Intelligent Route Finding through Cumulative Proximity Evaluation
Authors: Yang Yaw Chang, Stephen Yung, Raymond Chiong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (AMS) (2008)

Today, the increased traffic and complex modern road network have made finding a good route from one location to another a non-trivial task. Many search algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem, and the most well-known being Dijkstra’s algorithm, Johnson’s algorithm and A*. While these algorithms are effective for path finding, they are wasteful in terms of computation. In this paper, we present a study to examine both uninformed search and heuristic search based on some major cities and towns in Borneo Island. We propose a novel algorithm for intelligent route finding using better evaluation criteria and the notion of cumulative proximity score. We show that this proposed technique is able to reduce the time and space required in computation, and also produce better result in terms of accuracy and shortness of path found.
Weak parametric failure equivalences and their congruence formats
Authors: Xiaowei Huang, Li Jiao, Weiming Lu
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth symposium on Computing: the Australasian theory - Volume 77 (2008)

Weak equivalences are important behavioral equivalences in the course of specifying and analyzing the reactive systems using process algebraic languages. In this paper, we propose a series of weak equivalences named weak parametric failure equivalences, which take two previously-known behavioral equivalences, i.e., the weak failure equivalence and the weak impossible future equivalence, as their special cases. More importantly, based on the idea of the structural operational semantics, a series of rule formats are further presented to congruence format for their corresponding weak parametric failure equivalences, i.e., a specific equivalence is further congruent in any languages satisfying its corresponding congruence format. This series of rule formats reflect the gradual changes in the weak parametric failure equivalences. We conclude that, when the weak parametric failure equivalences become coarser, their corresponding rule formats turn tighter.
Actuation Design of Two-Dimensional Self-Reconfigurable Robots
Authors: Ming-Chiuan Shiu, Hou-Tsan Lee, Feng-Li Lian, Li-Chen Fu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

Self-reconfigurable robots have the ability to change the shape of multiple cooperative modules in the different working environment. One of the main difficulties in building the self-reconfigurable robots is the mechanical complexity and necessary number for achieving certain mechanisms. In this paper, a novel design of a self-reconfigurable robot, called "Octabot", is described. The Octabot robot is a two-dimensional self-reconfigurable robot with modules composed of eight e-type electromagnet actuators. The magnetic force characteristics based on FEM are first analyzed, and mechanical design and system properties are described in detail. A group of Octabots can be easily expanded to a large scale if needed in any case. Via examining the basic mechanical functionalities, the Octabot in self-reconfiguration shows its satisfactory performance.