ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Macroelectronics: building the perfect beast
Authors: S. A. Dyer
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (1998)

Conventional approaches to teaching electronics emphasize microelectronics. This paper describes an approach to electronics that emphasizes macroelectronics instead. The objectives of the electronics course now focus on giving students the tools they need to create useful electronic instruments composed of functional subsystems. To achieve this goal, a design project is given at the beginning of the course. The design projects are chosen to provide motivation and affirmation of course content. For example, the authors have used a power supply and a semiconductor curve tracer as example design projects in offerings at their respective universities. The experience has been positive as measured by student responses and their ability to complete useful instruments. They have also used a model corporate structure as a way to organize student efforts and to handle the support needed to ensure success. All students serve a technical role as design engineers. Depending on class size and the size of model companies desired, students vie for executive, marketing financial procurement manufacturing and technical-documentation positions.
A Modular Architecture for Secure and Reliable Distributed Communication
Authors: C. M. Jayalath, R. U. Fernando
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Over the past decade various efforts were taken to provide mechanisms to do secure and reliable message exchanges in distributed systems. With the advance of the Internet and concept of SOA much focus and effort were given to realizing this based on Web services. Our goal was to come up with a solution which implements these features in a usable and a modular manner. The implementation was done on top of the Apache Axis2 platform and the result was a framework which facilitates fully secure and reliable Web service message exchange.
Power-Efficient Asynchronous Design
Authors: Yijun Liu, Zhenkun Li, Pinghua Chen, Guangcong Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference: Embedded Systems (2007)

The potential advantage of low power consumption is one of the main reasons why asynchronous logic attracts attention from both industrial and academic circles. A number of low-power asynchronous designs have been proposed since the 1990s. In this paper, an attempt is made to compare the power-efficiency of asynchronous and synchronous designs, and to evaluate low-power asynchronous techniques.
Infrared land mine detection by parametric modeling
Authors: M. Lundberg
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2001)

A parametric model for the infrared signature caused by a buried land mine is presented. Further, a detector is calculated for the case where the background noise can be described by an autoregressive process. The detector separately estimates the parameters of the mine and the noise in an alternating fashion. The estimates are then used in the likelihood ratio test. Simulations show that significant gains in performance can be achieved as compared to the standard detector used, which correlates the infrared image with the known mine shape and thresholds the square of the output.
Constructing knowledge networks in middle school classrooms: an integrated approach
Authors: T. Larkin-Hein
Venue: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, 2001. 31st Annual - Volume 02 (2001)

Providing opportunities for K-12 educators to further their use and understanding of current technologies in the classroom has never been more important than it is at present. This paper explores ways that university faculty members can work with K-12 educators with relevant information and hands-on experiences to develop and enhance their use of technology in the middle school classroom. An interactive workshop for 15 middle school teachers provided for a model by which participating teachers could experience constructivist teaching and learning strategies first-hand. Throughout the workshop, teams of teachers worked to prepare an integrated, technology-based lesson using materials from science, mathematics, as well as the language arts. Highlights of the curriculum developed for the workshop are presented and results of a questionnaire given to the teachers are shared. Finally, observations made by the workshop leaders are discussed in order to assist other university faculty interested in modeling a similar program for K-12 teachers.
A Framework for the Development of Secure Data Warehouses based on MDA and QVT
Authors: Emilio Soler, Juan Trujillo, Eduardo Fernandez-Medina, Mario Piattini
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Data warehouses (DWs) store historical and aggregated information, extracted from multiple heterogeneous, autonomous and distributed sources of information, therefore it is essential to specify security measures from early stages of DW design and to enforce them. Several proposals on DW development have arised in the last couple of years. However, few approaches represent security measures in the DW conceptual model starting from early stages of development of a DW project. In addition, these security measures cannot be automatically represented at logical level, so heuristic design guides for such transformations have appeared. This paper presents a framework based on Model Driven Architecture (MDA) for the development of secure data warehouses that covers all the phases of design (conceptual, logical and physical) and embeds security measures in all of them. Moreover, transformations between models are clearly and formally established by using Query/View/Transformation (QVT), to obtain consequently a traceability of the security rules from the early stages of development to the final implementation.
User-Driven Frequency Scaling
Authors: Arindam Mallik, Bin Lin Gokhan Memik, Peter Dinda, Robert P. Dick
Venue: IEEE Computer Architecture Letters (2006)

We propose and evaluate User-Driven Frequency Scaling (UDFS) for improved power management on processors that support Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), e.g, those used in current laptop and desktop computers. UDFS dynamically adapts CPU frequency to the individual user and the workload through a simple user feedback mechanism, unlike currently-used DVFS methods which rely only on CPU utilization. Our UDFS algorithms dramatically reduce typical operating frequencies while maintaining performance at satisfactory levels for each user. We evaluated our techniques through user studies conducted on a modern Pentium M laptop running Windows applications. The UDFS scheme reduces measured system power up to 22.1%, averaged across all our users and applications, compared to the Windows XP DVFS scheme.
Collaboration Technology Support for Knowledge Conversion in Virtual Teams: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Imad Samarah, Souren Paul, Suresh Tadisina
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Collaboration technologies (CTs) are making it feasible for organizations to rapidly bring together dispersed workers into virtual teams that pegom a variety of tasks. Group support systems (GSS) are a type of CT that is oJen deployed to ficilitate virtual team operations, which typically involve an exchange of knowledge among team members. This paper builds on Nonaka's theory of organizafionaI knowledge creation, and other research, to present a theoretical framework that links the factors that are most relevant to knowledge conversion in GSS-aided virtual teams. The paper advances some research propositions that suggest a positive contribution of GSS to knowledge conversion and the levels of shared understanding and performance that could emerge in virtual teams. In addition, the propositions indicate positive relationships between member perceptions of the virtual work environment, their willingness to share knowledge, and the processes of knowledge conversion in those teams.
Is there a role for programming in non-major computer science courses?
Authors: M. Urban-Lurain
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 01 (2000)

Should non-computer science (CS) majors learn to program? While the 1999 National Academy of Sciences report "Being Fluent with Information Technology" advocates teaching programming as part of the CS-0 experience, we challenge the assumptions upon which this recommendation rests. Our extensive review of the NECC (National Educational Computing Conference) and SIGCSE (Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education) conference proceedings from 1979 to 1998 clearly shows a decline in the number of articles in which programming is taught in CS-0 courses. Furthermore, based upon learning theory literature, we argue that conceptual understanding of computing can be acquired without learning to program. Finally, we describe our criterion-referenced, mastery-model course that prepares 1800 students per semester for a computing future that is constantly changing.
Broadband stripline fed microstrip patch antennas for 3G mobile communications
Authors: R. A. Abd-Alhameed, N. T. Ali, P. S. Excell, C. H. See
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction techniques for microstrip patch antennas are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Three novel designs of small broadband microstrip patch antennas for 3G mobile communications are presented: two forms of shorted coplanar patch antenna, and an E-shaped antenna. By optimising the geometry, using ground planes and short circuits, the size of the antennas can be reduced considerably. The predicted and measured impedances of the three proposed designs are discussed.
Test Configurations for Diagnosing Faulty Links in NoC Switches
Authors: Jaan Raik, Raimund Ubar, Vineeth Govind
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE European Test Symposium (2007)

The paper proposes a new concept of diagnosing faulty links in Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) designs. The method is based on functional fault models and it implements packet address driven test configurations. As previous works have shown, such configurations can be applied for achieving near-100 per cent structural fault coverage for the network switches. The main novel contribution of this paper is to extend the use of test configurations for diagnosis purposes and to propose a method for locating faults in the NoC interconnection infrastructure. Additionally, a new concept of functional switch faults, called link faults, is introduced. The approach is well scalable (complexity is square root of the number of switches) and it is capable of unambigously pinpointing the faulty links inside the switching network.
Comparing the use of bayesian networks and neural networks in response time modeling for service-oriented systems
Authors: Rui Zhang, Alan J. Bivens
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Service-oriented computing performance: aspects, issues, and approaches (2007)

The new paradigm of service-oriented computing facilitates easy construction of dynamic, complex distributed systems. Recent research has shown that machine learning methods can be a promising way to autonomously and accurately derive models to assist autonomic management software or humans in understanding system behaviors and making informed decisions. However, the efficacy of different machine learning techniques in describing various system behaviors and meeting distinct application needs has not been systematically understood. Such an understanding can prove crucial in management infrastructure design and implementation for service-oriented systems. This paper is an initial step to bridge the gap and specifically contrasts the applications of Bayesian networks (BN) and neural networks (NN) in modeling the response time of service-oriented systems. Relatively simple BN and NN models are designed and implemented as a base of the comparison study. As far as model performance is concerned, a wide range of simulations show that BNs offer better accuracy, are less sensitive to small data set size and are therefore more suited for environments that change rapidly and need frequent response time model reconstructions; whereas NNs can achieve faster model evaluation time and support management routines that demand intensive response time predictions. From a non-performance perspective, it is analytically concluded that BNs can be more easily understood by human and support multi-direction evaluation, while NNs provide more flexible response time representation.
Design Pattern Evolution and Verification Using Graph Transformation
Authors: Chunying Zhao, Jun Kong, Kang Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

This paper presents a graph transformation based approach to design pattern evolution. An evolution of a design pattern includes modifications of pattern elements, such as classes, attributes, operations and relationships between classes. Compared with other techniques, graphical notation, as a natural and intuitive way in software modeling, is suitable to be used at the transformation stage. In this paper we focus on the automated evolution of design patterns using graph transformation. The rules for the potential design evolutions are defined. After the evolution process, a graph grammar based syntax parser is proposed to check the structural integrity of the evolved design patterns.
A very low bit rate video coding system using adaptive region-classified vector quantization
Authors: Yee-Wen Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

In this paper, a new video coding algorithm suitable for the very low bit rate video application is presented. It takes advantage of the prior knowledge of the image type to segment the image into different regions, then codes each region with different coding criterion and method according to the different importance. An adaptive region-classified vector quantization strategy is also exploited in this algorithm. With the segmentation of the frame and high correlation between frames, better codebooks of vector quantisation are constructed to improve the quality. According to the simulation results, acceptable quality at about 10 kbit/s can be obtained for the typical test sequences.
Towards a robust/fast continuous speech recognition system using a voiced-unvoiced decision
Authors: D. O'Shaughnessy
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 01 (1999)

We show that the concept of voiced-unvoiced (VU) classification of speech sounds can be incorporated not only in speech analysis or speech enhancement processes, but also can be useful for recognition processes. That is, the incorporation of such a classification in a continuous speech recognition (CSR) system not only improves its performance in low SNR environments, but also limits the time and the necessary memory to carry out the process of the recognition. The proposed V-U classification of the speech sounds has two principal functions: (1) it allows the enhancement of the voiced and unvoiced parts of speech separately; (2) it limits the Viterbi (1967) search space, and consequently the process of recognition can be carried out in real time without degrading the performance of the system. We prove via experiments that such a system outperforms the baseline HTK when a V-U decision is included in both front- and far-end of the HTK-based recognizer.
What are we really evaluating?
Authors: K. C. S. Whitaker
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Frontiers in Education - Volume 02 (2000)

Summary form only given. Computer Engineering 183X and 184X, Computer Engineering and Problem Solving I and II, were designed as courses for computer engineering students involved in the learning community within Iowa State University's Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. As part of a learning community, the courses were designed to be flexible, but include subject matter elements of computer engineering and cooperative learning. Because of the dual (technical and social) learning objectives, questions of evaluating student performance arise.
Using empathy to research creativity: collaborative investigations into distributed digital textile art and design practice
Authors: Cathy Treadaway
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity cognition (2007)

This paper describes the use of practice-based distributed collaborative investigations to examine ways in which digital technology can support creative visual art practice. The development of artworks through digital collaboration has enabled empathy to be used as a tool in the research process. The focus of this study concerns how digital technology impacts upon the creative strategies deployed by art practitioners and the resulting effect on creative cognition. Data gathered through qualitative ethnographic research methods has been verified through a series of practical investigations. Findings from this research indicate the importance of mutual experience and memory in the collaborative process. The investigations demonstrate how shared physical experience stimulates imagination through the building of visual concepts, enabling common values, language and trust to be developed concurrently.
Grid Service Based on GIMP for Processing Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Dana Petcu, Victoria Iordan
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (2006)

Despite the fact that several initiatives are recently applying Grid technologies to the remote sensing computing, the deployment of proposed solutions on a large scale is not yet a reality. First we identify the former solutions. Following the conclusions and the advances in Grid technologies, it is is proposed a practical solution for remote sensing computing based on freely distributed tools. A test case is also described in which the software prototype is used to detects river bed changes.
A general dimension for query learning
Authors: José L. Balcázar, Jorge Castro, David Guijarro, Johannes Köbler, Wolfgang Lindner
Venue: Journal of Computer and System Sciences (2007)

We introduce a combinatorial dimension that characterizes the number of queries needed to exactly (or approximately) learn concept classes in various models. Our general dimension provides tight upper and lower bounds on the query complexity for all sorts of queries, not only for example-based queries as in previous works. As an application we show that for learning DNF formulas, unspecified attribute value membership and equivalence queries are not more powerful than standard membership and equivalence queries. Further, in the approximate learning setting, we use the general dimension to characterize the query complexity in the statistical query as well as the learning by distances model. Moreover, we derive close bounds on the number of statistical queries needed to approximately learn DNF formulas.
Intelligent Systems for Manufacturing at Ford Motor Company
Authors: Nestor Rychtyckyj
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2007)

It's a common misconception that the automobile industry is slow to adapt new technologies, such as AI, into the manufacturing sector. In reality, many early adaptations of AI were in the automotive sector, where such diverse technologies as expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and fuzzy logic were among the first to be used. Ford Motor Company is applying AI and knowledge-based technologies within its manufacturing arena, including an AI-based approach for vehicle assembly process planning, an application of AI for ergonomics analysis, and a system that uses machine translation to translate assembly-build instructions for assembly plants that don't use English as their primary language. Furthermore, specific technologies such as natural language processing, controlled languages, and ontologies can effectively deal with different types of knowledge, both structured and unstructured, prevalent in the manufacturing environment.
Oscillation of difference systems of the neutral type
Authors: E. Thandapani, P. Mohan Kumar
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2007)

The authors consider the nonlinear difference systems @D(x"n-a"nx"@s"("n"))=p"ng(y"n)@Dy"n=@dq"nf(x"@t"("n")),n@?N(n"0) where @d=+/-1,{a"n},{p"n} and {q"n} are real sequences, {@s(n)} and {@t(n)} are real non-negative sequences of integers, and f,g:R->R are continuous with uf(u)>0 and ug(u)>0 for u
Real-time Automated Visual Inspection using Mobile Robots
Authors: Hugo Vieira Neto, Ulrich Nehmzow
Venue: Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (2007)

We present a framework to perform novelty detection using visual input in which a mobile robot first learns a model of normality in its operating environment and later uses this to highlight uncommon visual features that may appear. This ability is of great importance for both robotic exploration and inspection tasks, because it enables the robot to allocate computational and attentional resources efficiently to those features which are novel. At the heart of the proposed system is the image encoding mechanism which uses local colour statistics from regions selected by a biologically-inspired model of visual attention. Our approach works in real-time with a wide, unrestricted field of view and is robust to image transformations. Experiments conducted in an engineered scenario demonstrate the efficiency and functionality of our method.
On fractional K-factors of random graphs
Authors: Simi Haber, Michael Krivelevich
Venue: Random Structures Algorithms (2007)

Let K be a graph on r vertices and let G = (V,E) be another graph on &mid;V &mid; = n vertices. Denote the set of all copies of K in G by &Kscr;. A non-negative real-valued function f : &Kscr;&rarr; &Ropf;+ is called a fractional K-factor if &sum; K:v&isin;K&isin;&Kscr;f(K) &le; 1 for every v &isin; V and &sum; K&isin;&Kscr;f(K) = n&#x002F;r. For a non-empty graph K let d(K) = e(K)&#x002F;v(K) and d(1)(K) = e(K)&#x002F;(v(K) - 1). We say that K is strictly K1-balanced if for every proper subgraph K&prime; &subne; K, d(1)(K&prime;) < d(1)(K). We say that K is imbalanced if it has a subgraph K&prime; such that d(K&prime;) > d(K). Considering a random graph process $\widetilde{G}$ on n vertices, we show that if K is strictly K1-balanced, then with probability tending to 1 as n &rarr;&infin;, at the first moment &tau;0 when every vertex is covered by a copy of K, the graph ${\widetilde{G}}_{\tau_0}$ has a fractional K-factor. This result is the best possible. As a consequence, if K is K1-balanced, we derive the threshold probability function for a random graph to have a fractional K-factor. On the other hand, we show that if K is an imbalanced graph, then for asymptotically almost every graph process there is a gap between &tau;0 and the appearance of a fractional K-factor. We also introduce and apply a criteria for perfect fractional matchings in hypergraphs in terms of expansion properties. &copy; 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007