ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Exploring the anatomical basis of effective connectivity models with DTI-based fiber tractography
Authors: Hubert M. J. Fonteijn, David G. Norris, Frans A. J. Verstraten
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Imaging (2008)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is considered to be a promising tool for revealing the anatomical basis of functional networks. In this study, we investigate the potential of DTI to provide the anatomical basis of paths that are used in studies of effective connectivity, using structural equation modeling. We have taken regions of interest from eight previously published studies, and examined the connectivity as defined by DTI-based fiber tractography between these regions. The resulting fiber tracts were then compared with the paths proposed in the original studies. For a substantial number of connections, we found fiber tracts that corresponded to the proposed paths. More importantly, we have also identified a number of cases in which tractography suggested direct connections which were not included in the original analyses. We therefore conclude that DTI-based fiber tractography can be a valuable tool to study the anatomical basis of functional networks.
Expanding the Model-Tracing Architecture: A 3rd Generation Intelligent Tutor for Algebra Symbolization
Authors: Neil T. Heffernan, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Leena Razzaq
Venue: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (2008)

Following Computer Aided Instruction systems, 2nd generation tutors are Model-Tracing Tutors (MTTs) (Anderson & Pelletier, 1991) which are intelligent tutoring systems that have been very successful at aiding student learning, but have not reached the level of performance of experienced human tutors (Anderson et al., 1995). To that end, this paper presents a new architecture called ATM ("Adding a Tutorial Model"), which is an extension to model-tracing, that allows these tutors to engage in a dialog that is more like those in which experienced human tutors engage. Specifically, while MTTs provide hints toward doing the next problemsolving step, this 3rd generation of tutors, the ATM architecture, adds the capability to ask questions towards thinking about the knowledge behind the next problem-solving step. We present a new tutor built in ATM, called Ms. Lindquist, which is designed to carry on a tutorial dialog about algebra symbolization. The difference between ATM and MTT is the separate tutorial model that encodes pedagogical content knowledge in the form of different tutorial strategies, which were partially developed by observing an experienced human tutor. Ms. Lindquist has tutored thousands of students at www.AlgebraTutor.org. Future work will reveal if Ms. Lindquist is a better tutor because of the addition of the tutorial model.
Social tv: introducing virtual socialization in the tv experience
Authors: Evangelia Mantzari, George Lekakos, Adam Vrechopoulos
Venue: Proceeding of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video (2008)

In this paper, we describe the conditions and the issues raised by the development of Social TV and its systems that support communication and virtual socialization among viewers. Some initial indications are provided regarding the establishment of virtual communities in the TV setting and their potential for the participants. Finally, we briefly discuss the future implications of the development of Social TV as a platform for virtual socialization.
A method for approximating pairwise comparison matrices by consistent matrices
Authors: János Fülöp
Venue: Journal of Global Optimization (2008)

In several methods of multiattribute decision making, pairwise comparison matrices are applied to derive implicit weights for a given set of decision alternatives. A class of the approaches is based on the approximation of the pairwise comparison matrix by a consistent matrix. In the paper this approximation problem is considered in the least-squares sense. In general, the problem is nonconvex and difficult to solve, since it may have several local optima. In the paper the classic logarithmic transformation is applied and the problem is transcribed into the form of a separable programming problem based on a univariate function with special properties. We give sufficient conditions of the convexity of the objective function over the feasible set. If such a sufficient condition holds, the global optimum of the original problem can be obtained by local search, as well. For the general case, we propose a branch-and-bound method. Computational experiments are also presented.
Proceeding of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video
Venue: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 291 (2008)

The uxtv'08 conference aimed to create a meeting solely dedicated to sharing research and design information on the user experience of interactive TV and video. We hope that the papers in these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for those working in this field. The call for papers attracted submissions from Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, South America, and the United States. The topics covered both the design and research of interactive TV. A key part of this conference was the invited speakers: Jakob Nielsen (NNG), Elissa Lee (TiVo), Gunthar Hartwig (YouTube) and Dale Herigstad (Schematic). They set the tone of the conference and inspired researchers and designers to present their best work. Although there has always been some degree of interest in interactive TV, the field has been expanding in recent years due to the content-hungry consumer and recent shifts in video consumption on the internet. Research and industry have followed these trends, making conferences like the EuroITV series very popular in recent years. We also believe that several technology trends, IP Television (IPTV) and Internet TV, will drive even more activity in the field of interactive TV. IPTV uses IP networks to deliver TV services to consumers. Because it is IP-based, it is much easier for engineers to create interactive TV applications that connect to the Internet. Internet TV allows TV producers and viewers to directly distribute TV programming and video to consumers over the Internet, instead of traditional TV distribution. While the integration of these two video sources into consumer TV products increases the amount of content available to consumers, it also introduces new design challenges and paradigm shifts. The future forms of TV are hard to predict, but the fact that they will be more interactive than today's TV seems certain. The uxtv'08 conference is a leader in identifying and following these trends, thus developing a vision of the TV viewer of tomorrow.
A new technique for detecting dental diseases by using high speed artificial neural networks
Authors: Hazem M. El-Bakry, Nikos Mastorakis
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Computers (2008)

In this paper, a new fast algorithm for dental diseases detection is presented. Such algorithm relies on performing cross correlation in the frequency domain between input image and the input weights of fast neural networks (FNNs). It is proved mathematically and practically that the number of computation steps required for the presented FNNs is less than that needed by conventional neural networks (CNNs). Simulation results using MATLAB confirm the theoretical computations. One of the limitations of Direct Digital Radiography (DDR) is noise. Some recent publications have indicated that Digital Subtraction Radiography (DSR) might significantly aid in the clinical diagnosis of dental diseases, once various clinical logistic problems limiting its widespread use have been over come. Noise in digital radiography may result from sources other than variation in projection geometry during exposure. Structure noise consists of all anatomic features other than those of diagnostic interest. Limitations of plain radiographs in detecting early, small bone lesions are also due to the presence of structure noise. This research work has been under - taken in an attempt to minimize structure noise in digital dental radiography by using digital subtraction radiography. By minimizing the structure noise, the validity of the digitized image in detecting diseases is enhanced.
Elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, Walgreen Coast, Antarctica, based on GLAS (2003) and ERS-1 (1995) altimeter data analyses and glaciological implications
Authors: Ute C. Herzfeld, Patrick J. McBride, H. Jay Zwally, John Dimarzio
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard ICESat, launched in January 2003, has been designed to detect and monitor changes in the cryosphere. The first objective of this paper is to present high-resolution ice-surface elevation maps derived from GLAS data, using geostatistical analysis. In a regional study of Walgreen Coast and Northern Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, differences in the representation of geographic and morphologic features in maps based on ERS-1 radar altimeter data and on GLAS data are investigated, with the result that in particular in topographically complex coastal areas and the margin of the ice sheet the improvement in precision and accuracy of the laser altimeter is significant. A second, applied objective is to map elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, a glacier that plays a key role in the question of stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and has been changing rapidly in recent years. Results of elevation differencing of 2003-GLAS-data and 1995-ERS-1-radar-altimeter-data DEMs (1) show that thinning rates have been increasing and (2) are applied to attribute the observed changes in Pine Island Glacier to internal processes in the glacier, related to dynamic thinning. More generally, this application serves to demonstrate that GLAS data facilitate study of cryospheric change.
Attribute network computing based on qualitative mapping and its application in pattern recognition
Authors: Jili Feng
Venue: Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology (2008)

It is shown in this paper that a qualitative mapping model of pattern recognition can be induced by the basic princeple that the pattern P({(x$_{j}$, y'(x$_{j}$)}) constructed by the set of the pair of varibale x$_{j}$ and its computing value y'(x$_{j}$) of a function y = f(x) could be considered as the graph of y(x), and a logic circuit, called Attribute Network Computing can be constructed by the relation between the input and output of qualitative mapping, such that not only a lot of artificial intelligent methods, such as Expert Syatem, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine can be fused and unified in it, but also a lot of pattern recognition can be implemented by it.
You must be joking...: believes
Authors: Michalis Faloutsos
Venue: ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (2008)

The proof is in the pudding. Never have truer words been spoken. If only research was a lavish meal that concluded with a pudding. But now, what is a researcher to do?
Application of Sun/star photometry to derive the aerosol optical depth
Authors: D. Perez-Ramirez, B. Ruiz, J. Aceituno, F. J. Olmo, L. Alados-Arboledas
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2008)

Atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in the radiative transfer and chemical processes that control the Earth's climate. Aerosol optical depth and other related aerosol characteristics are widely known during daytime through Sun photometers, and so several international networks have been established. However, there are no regular measurements of the spectral optical depth of the atmosphere at night. Such measurements are now possible thanks to the recent CCD camera developments that make feasible the measurements of star radiative fluxes. In this work we present a star photometer based on a CCD, carrying out an exhaustive characterization of the device in order to guarantee the quality of the measurements. We have analysed the applicability of the Langley calibration method in an urban polluted environment. Finally, we present some preliminary results on aerosol optical depth measured by Sun and star photometers under a Saharan dust event.
COMIC: a coherent shared memory interface for cell be
Authors: Jaejin Lee, Sangmin Seo, Chihun Kim, Junghyun Kim, Posung Chun, Zehra Sura, Jungwon Kim, SangYong Han
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques (2008)

The Cell BE processor is a heterogeneous multicore that contains one PowerPC Processor Element (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processor Elements (SPEs). Each SPE has a small software-managed local store. Applications must explicitly control all DMA transfers of code and data between the SPE local stores and the main memory, and they must perform any coherence actions required for data transferred. The need for explicit memory management, together with the limited size of the SPE local stores, makes it challenging to program the Cell BE and achieve high performance. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of our COMIC runtime system and its programming model. It provides the program with an illusion of a globally shared memory, in which the PPE and each of the SPEs can access any shared data item, without the programmer having to worry about where the data is, or how to obtain it. COMIC is implemented entirely in software with the aid of user-level libraries provided by the Cell SDK. For each read or write operation in SPE code, a COMIC runtime function is inserted to check whether the data is available in its local store, and to automatically fetch it if it is not. We propose a memory consistency model and a programming model for COMIC, in which the management of synchronization and coherence is centralized in the PPE. To characterize the effectiveness of the COMIC runtime system, we evaluate it with twelve OpenMP benchmark applications on a Cell BE system and an SMP-like homogeneous multicore (Xeon).
Incremental probabilistic latent semantic analysis for automatic question recommendation
Authors: Hu Wu, Yongji Wang, Xiang Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Recommender systems (2008)

With the fast development of web 2.0, user-centric publishing and knowledge management platforms, such as Wiki, Blogs, and Q & A systems attract a large number of users. Given the availability of the huge amount of meaningful user generated content, incremental model based recommendation techniques can be employed to improve users' experience using automatic recommendations. In this paper, we propose an incremental recommendation algorithm based on Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA). The proposed algorithm can consider not only the users' long-term and short-term interests, but also users' negative and positive feedback. We compare the proposed method with several baseline methods using a real-world Question & Answer website called Wenda. Experiments demonstrate both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed methods.
An automatic system for urban road extraction from satellite and aerial images
Authors: S. Idbraim, D. Mammass, D. Aboutajdine, D. Ducrot
Venue: WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing (2008)

we present in this paper an automatic system of urban road extraction from satellite and aerial imagery. Our approach is based on an adaptive directional filtering and a watershed segmentation. The first stage consists of an automatic procedure which adapts filtering of each block band to the dominant direction(s) of roads. The choice of the dominant direction(s) is made from a criterion based on the calculation of a factor of direction of detection. The second stage is based on watershed algorithm applied to a Shen-Castan gradient image. This process provides a decision map allowing correcting the errors of the first stage. A ratio of surface on perimeter is used to distinguish among all segments of the image those representing probably roads. Finally, in order to avoid gaps between pieces of roads, the resulting image follows a treatment, based on proximity and colinearity, for linking segments. The proposed approach is tested on common scenes of Landsat ETM+ and aerial imagery of the city of Agadir in Morocco. The experimental results show satisfactory values of completeness and correctness and are very prominsing.
Model-based fault detection in context-aware adaptive applications
Authors: Michele Sama, David S. Rosenblum, Zhimin Wang, Sebastian Elbaum
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering (2008)

Applications running on mobile devices are heavily context-aware and adaptive, leading to new analysis and testing challenges as streams of context values drive these applications to undesired configurations that are not easily exposed by existing validation techniques. We address this challenge by employing a finite-state model of adaptive behavior to enable the detection of faults caused by (1) erroneous adaptation logic, and (2) asynchronous updating of context information, which leads to inconsistencies between the external physical context and its internal representation within an application. We identify a number of adaptation fault patterns, each describing a class of faulty behaviors that we detect automatically by analyzing the system's adaptation model. We illustrate our approach on a simple but realistic application in which a cellphone's configuration profile is changed automatically based on the user's location, speed and surrounding environment.
A Framework for Perceptual Functions of Symbiotic Computing
Authors: Susumu Konno, Yusuke Manabe, Shigeru Fujita, Kenji Sugawara, Tetsuo Kinoshita, Norio Shiratori
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 03 (2008)

Recently, the research for the system to recognize user’sintention, action and satisfaction rating by combining sen-sor data and knowledge, and provide the user with high-satisfactory service is advanced. In this paper, we propose aframework for perceptual functions of symbiotic computing.The perceptual function is generated the awareness corre-sponding to the application from the sensor data. And theawareness is necessary in order to understand the user’sintention, action and satisfaction rating. The perceptualfunction chooses the necessary one from various and hugetime-series data collected by the sensor network. And, anecessary awareness is reﬁned and generated through a lotof steps in cooperation with other perceptual functions ac-cording to the request of the application. In this paper,we design perceptual function framework and experimentalsystem for teleworker.
Self-stabilizing Mobile Robot Formations with Virtual Nodes
Authors: Seth Gilbert, Nancy Lynch, Sayan Mitra, Tina Nolte
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems (2008)

In this paper, we describe how virtual infrastructure can be used to coordinate the motion of mobile robots in a 2-dimensional plane in the presence of dynamic changes in the underlying mobile ad hoc network, i.e., nodes joining, leaving, or failing. The mobile robots cooperate to implement a VSA Layer, in which a virtual stationary automaton (VSA) is associated with each region of the plane. The VSAs coordinate among themselves to distribute the robots as needed throughout the plane. The resulting motion coordination protocol is self-stabilizing, in that each robot can begin the execution in any arbitrary state and at any arbitrary location in the plane. In addition, self-stabilization ensures that the robots can adapt to changes in the desired formation.
An Approach to Ensuring Consistency in Peer-to-Peer Real-Time Group Editors
Authors: Du Li, Rui Li
Venue: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (2008)

Real-time group editors allow distributed users to edit a shared document at the same time over a computer network. Operational transformation (OT) is a well accepted consistency control method in state-of-the-art group editors. Significant progress has been made in this field but there are still many open issues and research opportunities. In particular, established theoretic OT frameworks all require that OT algorithms be able to converge along arbitrary transformation paths. This property is desirable because group editors that implement such algorithms will not rely on a central component for achieving convergence. However, this has not been achieved in any published work to our knowledge. We analyze the root of this problem and propose a novel state difference based transformation (SDT) approach which ensures convergence in the presence of arbitrary transformation paths. Our approach is based on a novel consistency model that is more explicitly formulated than previously established models for proving correctness. SDT is the first and the only OT algorithm proved to converge in peer-to-peer group editors.
An integrated, generic approach to pattern mining: data mining template library
Authors: Vineet Chaoji, Mohammad Al Hasan, Saeed Salem, Mohammed J. Zaki
Venue: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (2008)

Frequent pattern mining (FPM) is an important data mining paradigm to extract informative patterns like itemsets, sequences, trees, and graphs. However, no practical framework for integrating the FPM tasks has been attempted. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the Data Mining Template Library (DMTL) for FPM. DMTL utilizes a generic data mining approach, where all aspects of mining are controlled via a set of properties. It uses a novel pattern property hierarchy to define and mine different pattern types. This property hierarchy can be thought of as a systematic characterization of the pattern space, i.e., a meta-pattern specification that allows the analyst to specify new pattern types, by extending this hierarchy. Furthermore, in DMTL all aspects of mining are controlled by a set of different mining properties. For example, the kind of mining approach to use, the kind of data types and formats to mine over, the kind of back-end storage manager to use, are all specified as a list of properties. This provides tremendous flexibility to customize the toolkit for various applications. Flexibility of the toolkit is exemplified by the ease with which support for a new pattern can be added. Experiments on synthetic and public dataset are conducted to demonstrate the scalability provided by the persistent back-end in the library. DMTL been publicly released as open-source software ( http://dmtl.sourceforge.net/ ), and has been downloaded by numerous researchers from all over the world.