ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Dissemination of Slums in Cities through Reactive Agents
Authors: Jamil Coimbra Diuana, Oscar Luiz Monteiro de Farias, Orlando Bernardo Filho
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

In the majority of the great cities of the third world and developing countries the growing rate of slums is pressuring the public services (water supply, energy, transport, sanitation, etc.), and bringing violence, traffic of drugs, etc., in summary, degrading the entire standard of life of these cities. Building scenarios related to the growing of existing slums, the birth of new ones, and their evolution would be very useful for urban planning and for the elaboration of social policies aiming to minimize the impact caused by the uncontrolled growing of slums. In this paper we present a multi-agent system based on a very simple reactive agent systems paradigm, in order to simulate the dynamics of land-use in a urban environment, particularly in which respect slum quarters. We have also, implemented a prototype of the system in NetLogo, a multi-agent programmable modelling environment.
Accuracy Properties of the Wave-Ray Multigrid Algorithm for Helmholtz Equations
Authors: Irene Livshits, Achi Brandt
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2006)

Helmholtz equations with their highly oscillatory solutions play an important role in physics and engineering. These equations present the main computational difficulties typical to acoustic, electromagnetic, and other wave problems. They are often accompanied by radiation boundary conditions and are considered on infinite domains. Solving them numerically using standard procedures, including multigrid, is too expensive. The wave-ray multigrid algorithm efficiently solves the Helmholtz equations and naturally incorporates the radiation boundary conditions. Important accuracy properties of the wave-ray solver are discussed in this paper.Using various mode analyses, we show that, with the right choice of parameters, this algorithm can obtain an approximation to the differential solution with accuracy that equals the accuracy of the target grid discretization. Moreover, the boundary conditions can be introduced with any desired accuracy. Our theoretical conclusions are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Individualized Interactive Home-Based Haptic Telerehabilitation
Authors: Chetan Jadhav, Pravin Nair, Venkat Krovi
Venue: IEEE MultiMedia (2006)

We present a haptic telerehabilitation framework for patients with upper-limb dysfunction that iswell-suited for deployment in patients' homes. Specifically, a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hapticforce-feedback driving wheel interfaces with a PC to create a haptic Virtual Driving Environment (hVDE).Coupling this framework with parametric exercise/movement protocols--structured as driving exercises alongpaths of varying complexity--is the key to the creation of an inexpensive, immersive, and yet individualized personal-movement trainer.
RPD-enabled agents teaming with humans for multi-context decision making
Authors: Xiaocong Fan, Bingjun Sun, Shuang Sun, Michael McNeese, John Yen
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Team decision making under stress involving multiple contexts is an extremely challenging issue faced by various real world application domains. This research is targeted at coupling cognitive agent technology and human-centered teamwork to address the informational challenges associated with Command and Control (C2) teams in contemporary military operations. Two sets of experiments, each with various settings of context switching frequencies and tasking complexities, were conducted. To ensure that the human subjects were familiar with the C2 context, they were selected from US Army ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps) students. Experiments on C2 teams that involve human subjects only were conducted first. We observed the decision making behavior of human subjects and incorporated expert behaviors into R-CAST---an agent architecture built upon a naturalistic decision making model that captures how domain experts make decisions based on experiences and situational similarity recognition. We then conducted another set of experiments with R-CAST agents as teammates and decision aids for human subjects. The results show that RPD-enabled agents can significantly improve the tasking capacity of C2 teams in multi-context decision making under stress. It also suggests that higher demand situations require more competent teammates.
Efficient caching of video content to an architecture of proxies according to a frequency-based cache management policy
Authors: Anna Satsiou, Michael Paterakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Advanced architectures and algorithms for internet delivery and applications (2006)

This paper focuses on an environment of more than one proxy server that serve homogeneous or even heterogeneous client preferences for streaming of video files. Under a hierarchical tree topology system of proxies, the prefixes of the videos are stored in small size proxy caches each located very close to the corresponding client community, while larger caches located further away from the client communities are used to cache the latter segments of the videos requested by more than one client community. Frequency-Based Cache Management Policies are used in order to efficiently and dynamically cache the content of the most popular videos among the various proxies. Our event-driven simulations have shown that the hierarchical tree topology of proxies achieves a much higher byte-hit ratio with less cache management overhead, when using the same overall cache capacity with a simple topology of independent proxies and in general provides better performance characteristics.
Research and development in microcomputing, microprocessing and related fields in the F.R. Germany
Authors: Werner Konrad
Venue: ACM SIGSMALL Newsletter (1981)

This status report does not pretend to a tackle all related sites of research in our area of interest, due to the probable gaps our mailing list and to some contacted people who did not reply to our inquiry. It covers the activities which were going on until April, 1980.
AI's Future: Innovating in Business and Society
Authors: V. Richard Benjamins
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006)

AI's future depends on its capacity to innovate in business and society, to construct mature technology, and to treat end users as clients. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI.
The C++ Standard Library Extensions: A Tutorial and Reference
Authors: Pete Becker
Venue:  (2006)

The current C++ standard library extends the core C++ language with common classes and functions. In recent years, to address limitations in that library, a number of components have been developed to extend the language even further. Compiled in a comprehensive technical report (TR1), the bulk of these extensions have been approved for the next revision of the C++ standard.In this book, Pete Becker describes in detail each component in the TR1 library, explaining new facilities for utilities, containers, call wrappers, type traits, numerics, regular expressions, and C compatibility. He draws on his own experience implementing these components to illustrate their value, clarifying the specifications when necessary and providing complete, tested code examples.Most chapters include exercises of various degrees of difficulty to help programmers get hands-on practice with the new components. Answers to the exercises, along with all code examples, are available on the Web. Appendixes comprise a summary of headers included in or extended by the TR1 library, as well as guidelines on how to use the components safely in multithreaded applications.The C++ Standard Library Extensions is for any programmer who wants to get a jump on the revised standard. It also makes the perfect companion to The C++ Standard Library, by Nicolai Josuttis, both books being tutorials and references essential for using C++ more effectively.
Revisiting unfairness in web server scheduling
Authors: Mingwei Gong, Carey Williamson
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2006)

This paper uses trace-driven simulation to study the unfairness properties of Web server scheduling strategies, such as Processor Sharing (PS) and Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT). We use a general-purpose probe-based sampling approach to estimate the mean and variance of the job response time for different job sizes, for arbitrary arrival processes and service time distributions. The results illustrate two different aspects of unfairness called endogenous unfairness and exogenous unfairness. We quantify each, focusing on the mean and variance of slowdown conditioned on job size, for a range of system loads. Our work confirms recent theoretical results regarding the asymptotic convergence of scheduling policies with respect to slowdown, and illustrates typical performance results for a practical range of job sizes in an empirical workload. Finally, we show the sensitivities of SRPT and PS scheduling to selected characteristics of the arrival process and job size distribution.
Benchmarking of high throughput computing applications on Grids
Authors: R. S. Montero, E. Huedo, I. M. Llorente
Venue: Parallel Computing (2006)

Grids constitute a promising platform to execute loosely coupled, high-throughput parameter sweep applications, which arise naturally in many scientific and engineering fields like bio-informatics, computational fluid dynamics, particle physics, etc. In spite of the simple computational structure of these applications, its efficient execution and scheduling are challenging because of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of Grids. In this work, we propose a benchmarking methodology to analyze the performance of computational Grids in the execution of high throughput computing applications, that combines: (i) a representative benchmark included in the NAS Grid Benchmark suite; (ii) a performance model that provides a way to parametrize and compare different Grids; and (iii) a set of application-level performance metrics to analyze and predict the performance of this kind of applications. The benchmarking methodology will be applied to the performance analysis of a Globus-based research testbed that spans heterogeneous resources in five institutions.
Coherent control of vibrational-rotational transitions in diatomic molecule under the action of bichromatic laser field
Authors: V. A. Astapenko
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Physics and Control - Volume 3 (2003)

The paper is devoted to the theoretical study of the possibility of coherent control of the vibrational-rotational transitions in diatomic molecule under the action of bichromatic laser field. Two possible absorption branches are considered. Dependencies of the control efficiency upon the parameters involved such as gas temperature and electric field amplitudes of the monochromatic components are investigated. Numerical calculations are performed for the case of CO molecule in Morse approximation. The possibility of the efficient coherent control of the considered process is demonstrated. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The pasteurization of education
Authors: David Williamson Shaffer, Kurt D. Squire
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

Stokes (1997) has argued that research projects can be described by their contributions to theoretical understanding and the solution of practical problems. Building on this model, scholars have suggested that the learning sciences should focus "use-inspired basic research." With this move has come a focus on projects with the potential to create systemic change rather than naturalistic studies of learning in context and design research to develop innovative interventions. We argue that this is based on a misreading history, and is counter-productive for learning science research. To make this case, we use Latour's (1983) study of Pasteur to suggest an alternative model for research-based transformation of education. By way of illustration, we use a brief example of a research project to ground a discussion of the broader implications of this alternative conceptualization of the process of learning sciences research.
Study on requirement specifications for personalized multimedia summarization
Authors: L. Agnihotri, N. Dimitrova, J. Kender, J. Zimmerman
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

The ability to summarize and abstract information is an essential part of intelligent behavior in consumer devices. However, even for the emerging area of video content analysis, user preferences on summarization have not been explored. This paper reports on a panel which asked: who, why and when summarization is needed; what information should be summarized; and what forms should summaries take. In particular, we investigated the requirements with sensitivity to user needs, user context, media content, device capabilities, and the methods by which user and environment profiles can be assembled and exploited. We organize our findings as a wish list containing four major user questions, and we report the current and near-term states of the art and the major technical challenges in satisfying them. Our study suggests that user preferences should be derived from explicit user statements and from implicit trends inferred from viewing histories and summary usage.
Watermark Based Copyright Protection of Outsourced Database
Authors: ZHU Qin, YANG Ying, LE Jia-jin, LUO Yi-shu
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (2006)

In outsourced database system, data owners delegate their database needs and functionalities to a third-party that provides services to the users of the database. Since the third party can be seldom trusted or can be compromised, it is important to provide copyright protection for outsourced database. In this paper a novel scheme of copyright protection for outsourced database based on digital watermarking is proposed. In the presented system, watermark is embedded into the database under the control of both the secret key and the chaotic random numbers. No original database is needed during watermark detection, and the copyright is judged by the match rate of watermark. The analyses of attacks towards watermark and the results of the experiments show that this system possesses high robustness and availability.
Center-piece subgraphs: problem definition and fast solutions
Authors: Hanghang Tong, Christos Faloutsos
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

Given Q nodes in a social network (say, authorship network), how can we find the node/author that is the center-piece, and has direct or indirect connections to all, or most of them? For example, this node could be the common advisor, or someone who started the research area that the Q nodes belong to. Isomorphic scenarios appear in law enforcement (find the master-mind criminal, connected to all current suspects), gene regulatory networks (find the protein that participates in pathways with all or most of the given Q proteins), viral marketing and many more.Connection subgraphs is an important first step, handling the case of Q=2 query nodes. Then, the connection subgraph algorithm finds the b intermediate nodes, that provide a good connection between the two original query nodes.Here we generalize the challenge in multiple dimensions: First, we allow more than two query nodes. Second, we allow a whole family of queries, ranging from 'OR' to 'AND', with 'softAND' in-between. Finally, we design and compare a fast approximation, and study the quality/speed trade-off.We also present experiments on the DBLP dataset. The experiments confirm that our proposed method naturally deals with multi-source queries and that the resulting subgraphs agree with our intuition. Wall-clock timing results on the DBLP dataset show that our proposed approximation achieve good accuracy for about 6:1 speedup.
Optimal Transmit Power in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sooksan Panichpapiboon, Gianluigi Ferrari, Ozan K. Tonguz
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (2006)

Power conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. Transmitting at unnecessarily high power not only reduces the lifetime of the nodes and the network, but also introduces excessive interference. It is in the network designer's best interest to have each node transmit at the lowest possible power while preserving network connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the optimal common transmit power, defined as the minimum transmit power used by all nodes necessary to guarantee network connectivity. This is desirable in sensor networks where nodes are relatively simple and it is difficult to modify the transmit power after deployment. The optimal transmit power derived in this paper is subject to the specific routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols considered; however, the approach can be extended to other routing and MAC protocols as well. In deriving the optimal transmit power, we distinguish ourselves from a conventional graph-theoretic approach by taking realistic physical layer characteristics into consideration. In fact, connectivity in this paper is defined in terms of a quality of service (QoS) constraint given by the maximum tolerable bit error rate (BER) at the end of a multihop route with an average number of hops.
Voices, I Hear Voices
Authors: Ivan Arce
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Today, more than 130 years after the telephone's invention, we face the difficult task of reconciling the prodigal children of the two great men quoted above within the confines of our computer networks. Theassignment is far from easy, considering that men from telephony and computing worlds have substantially different philosophies, idiosyncrasies, technologies, business models, entry barriers, and operational characteristics. In this installment of Attack Trends, I delve into the new security and privacy challenges the ongoing widespread adoption of IP telephony and voice over IP (VoIP) pose.
A Comparative Study of Parallel Reinforcement Learning Methods with a PC Cluster System
Authors: Masayuki Kushida, Kenichi Takahashi, Hiroaki Ueda, Tetsuhiro Miyahara
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

This paper presents a comparative study of three parallel implementation models for reinforcement learning. Two of them utilize Q-learning, and the other one utilizes fuzzy Q-learning for agent learning. In order to evaluate performance and validity of the three method, a PC(personal computer) cluster system consisting of 16 PCs connected via Gigabit ethernet has been built. For communications to deliver data among PCs, MPI (Message Passing Interface) is employed. Experimental results are compared with one another to show the performance and characteristics of the three methods.
Memory Prefetching Using Adaptive Stream Detection
Authors: Ibrahim Hur, Calvin Lin
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (2006)

We present Adaptive Stream Detection, a simple technique for modulating the aggressiveness of a stream prefetcher to match a workload's observed spatial locality. We use this concept to design a prefetcher that resides on an on-chip memory controller. The result is a prefetcher with small hardware costs that can exploit workloads with low amounts of spatial locality. Using highly accurate simulators for the IBM Power5+, we show that this prefetcher improves performance of the SPEC2006fp benchmarks by an average of 32.7% when compared against a Power5+ that performs no prefetching. On a set of 5 commercial benchmarks that have low spatial locality, this prefetcher improves performance by an average of 15.1%. When compared against a typical Power5+ that does perform processor-side prefetching, the average performance improvement of these benchmark suites is 10.2% and 8.4%. We also evaluate the power and energy impact of our technique. For the same benchmark suites, DRAM power consumption increases by less than 3%, while energy usage decreases by 9.8% and 8.2%, respectively. Moreover, the power consumption of the prefetcher itself is low; it is estimated to increase the power consumption of the Power5+ chip by 0.06%.
A Study of Depth-Oriented Decomposition Indexing for Searching Structured Documents Using Thesaurus
Authors: Yang,  Ok-Yul
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology - Volume 02 (2006)

The Purpose of this study was to generate structural documents to improve search performance of an information search system by using a thesaurus, a related-information b/t words for the information search, and to study a search technique for searching structural documents. In order to accomplish these purpose, we proposed using the DODI(Depth-Oriented Decomposition Index) technique. This index technique, using a thesaurus, was able to search related information through a search algorithm, and was therefore able to efficiently search for information. In addition, we established a structural save system to save the structural document generated by this index technique, in a database through OpenXML, and to generate an XML reformatted document, by using ForXML method. Index techniques to use thesaurus can use effectively to study is abbreviated word in studying of medical terminologies, original word, Chinese character borrowed word, purity Hangul terminology, actuality pronunciation hearing, anatomy that use by this research.
ERP Effects of Subject&ndash;Verb Agreement Violations in Patients with Broca's Aphasia
Authors: Marlies Wassenaar, Colin M. Brown, Peter Hagoort
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

This article presents electrophysiological data on on-line syntactic processing during auditory sentence comprehension in patients with Broca's aphasia. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the scalp while subjects listened to sentences that were either syntactically correct or contained violations of subject-verb agreement. Three groups of subjects were tested: Broca patients (n = 10), nonaphasic patients with a right-hemisphere (RH) lesion (n = 5), and healthy agedmatched controls (n = 12). The healthy, control subjects showed a P600/SPS effect as response to the agreement violations. The nonaphasic patients with an RH lesion showed essentially the same pattern. The overall group of Broca patients did not show this sensitivity. However, the sensitivity was modulated by the severity of the syntactic comprehension impairment. The largest deviation from the standard P600/SPS effect was found in the patients with the relatively more severe syntactic comprehension impairment. In addition, ERPs to tones in a classical tone oddball paradigm were also recorded. Similar to the normal control subjects and RH patients, the group of Broca patients showed a P300 effect in the tone oddball condition. This indicates that aphasia in itself does not lead to a general reduction in all cognitive ERP effects. It was concluded that deviations from the standard P600/SPS effect in the Broca patients reflected difficulties with on-line maintaining of number information across clausal boundaries for establishing subject-verb agreement.