ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of service classes into a network architecture
Authors: Radia Perlman
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh symposium on Data communications (1981)

This paper defines a service class and describes how a completely general service class structure can be provided by a packet switched network. It describes the difference between a handling directive and a routing metric, and defines a service class as an arbitrary collection of handling directives and routing metrics. It describes what types of distributed routing algorithms make it possible to provide for a completely general service class concept in a network, and describes the special problems to be encountered when providing for a general service class capability in a hierarchical network.
The complete VLSI design system
Authors: M. F. Oakes
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference (1979)

This paper describes a complete VLSI design system on a small computer, that will provide a powerful but flexible design aid for most projected technologies into the 1990's. The paper describes existing design methods, highlighting the shortcomings of these methods. The advantages and disadvantages of a system that maintains the connectivity information through the complete design are discussed. Solutions to these disadvantages are proposed, and a description of how these are incorporated into a small computer CAD system is given.
How shall we evaluate prototype natural language processors?
Authors: Bruce W. Ballard
Venue: Proceedings of the joint conference on Easier and more productive use of computer systems. (Part - II): Human interface and the user interface - Volume 1981 (1981)

Recent years have seen important advances in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. Although many problems remain, the goal of providing limited English-processing facilities for non-technical computer users is within sight. By the end of the decade, numerous systems providing limited coverage of "natural language" will be available for business and home use. Several systems (e.g. TQA [16]) have already become operational. One system (ROBOT [7]) has been supporting natural language inputs in a dozen or so different commercial database applications for at least three years. Many other systems have been developed to the prototype stage and will soon be able to be transferred, with varying degrees of effort, from a research to a production environment. Each system tends to provide special features of its own, and the future prospects for database, office, instructional, and other environments are quite exciting.
On&mdash;line simulation
Authors: Malcolm M. Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

An on-line simulation system allows both the user and the computer to cooperate and share the task of performing the simulation. It does this by providing facilities for the user to interact with the computer so that they may both play active roles in the simulation process as it is occurring. Thus, the user may perform some of the simulation functions himself and the computer performs the remaining ones. Alternately, the user may act only as a monitor and observe, verify and record data or modify and redirect the simulation when it strays erroneously from the desired path.1,2,3 A second feature of an on-line simulation system is that it may allow the actual phenomenon being simulated to become a part of the simulation.
The role of computer science education in certification of computer professionals
Authors: Fred H. Harris
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1974)

Certification of computer professionals has been in the limelight over the past year or so, particularly with respect to activities leading to the creation of the Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP) [1]. Most of the effort of those involved to date has been on organizational matters, but our attention is now turned to planning for improvements in existing testing programs and to the establishment of new programs. If these are to be effective, computer science education must have a major role. In keeping with the interests of SIGCSE, I wish to comment on that role from the perspective of one involved with the Institute. First I will set the context for my remarks by discussing the professional status of computing personnel and then certification and critically related activities will be described.
A distributed file system in APL
Authors: Jean-Pierre Barasz
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1981)

This paper describes an extension to the APL-S system that allows accessing directly from one host computer the files based on other computers tied to the same public network. APL-NET makes easy the development of distributed processing applications by handling internally all synchronization problems inherent to cooperating processes on different machines.
A counting tool for RPG
Authors: Sandra D. Hartman
Venue: ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review (1982)

The Halstead and McCabe metrics were evaluated for their usefulness in identifying RPG II and RPG III modules likely to contain a high number of errors. For this evaluation, commercially available RPG modules written within IBM were measured and assigned to low, medium, or high metric value ranges. Conclusions from this evaluation and RPG counting rules that were concomitantly developed were presented at SCORE82 and are summarized in the following report.
Simulation of the operation of the coal supply system at a 2000 MW generating station
Authors: R. D. Walkley, N. D. Hutson
Venue: Proceedings of the third conference on Applications of simulation (1969)

The paper describes the G.P.S.S. simulation of a complex coal conveying system. This is represented by a functional flow model incorporating the design capabilities of the proposed real plant. The flows between the several inputs and outputs are controlled by a separate process control which simulates the monitoring and decision making functions of the operators. This takes into account the present state of the system (coal supply/demand, plant breakdowns, weather conditions, etc.)plant operating policies and incorporates some measure of anticipation (coal arrivals and shortages) The objectives of the study are to compare the effects of various coal supply patterns and plant operating policies.
US R: A new framework for redoing (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Jeffrey Scott Vitter
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1984)

US R (which stands for Undo, Skip, Redo) is a new interactive approach to user recovery that offers significant advantages over current Undo/Redo packages. In the US R package, a SKIP or REDO command may be ambiguous, in which case US R enumerates the logical interpretations of the command and prompts the user both textually and graphically for the desired choice. US R also allows new commands to be executed during the redo process. With US R, novices can perform recoveries that might be difficult or impossible to do with other systems; experienced users can take even greater advantage of its functionality. US R's data structure organizes the recovery information in a natural tree-like fashion that is easy to implement in a variety of interactive settings, including text editors, graphics layout systems, algorithm simulators, and program development systems.
Digital simulation of maintenance service operations in the computer industry
Authors: Steven R. Dzubow
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth annual conference on Applications of simulation (1970)

The increased complexity of computer-communication hardware, the wide dispersion of remotely linked computer terminals, and the strict requirements of operational efficiency of direct-access information systems place a great deal of strain on the EDP maintenance organization. It is no longer possible to maintain a profitable position while managing EDP maintenance with the &ldquo;rule of thumb&rdquo; decision making process. The generalized model presented in this paper provides an approach to effective utilization of both field maintenance work-force and redundant EDP equipment. The model handles field technician dispatching and service facility allocation so as to meet the requirements of the EDP customer population at a predefined level of service satisfaction.
Representation and classification of complex-shaped printed regions using white tiles
Authors: A. Antonacopoulos, R. T. Ritchings
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2 (1995)

There is an increasingly pressing need to develop document analysis methods that are able to cope with images of documents containing printed regions of complex shapes. Contrary to the bounding-box representation used in most past page segmentation and classification approaches which assume rectangular regions, there is a need for a more flexible description which also retains most of the functionality of the representation by rectangles. In the first part of this paper, the practical considerations of describing and handling the complex-shaped regions are examined and an appropriate representation scheme is proposed. For page classification, a new approach based on the description of white space inside regions is presented. In contrast to previous page classification approaches, skewed and complex-shaped regions are handled efficiently and the features are derived with no need for time-consuming accesses of the pixel-based image data.
Topological optimization of an integrated circuit/packet-switched computer network
Authors: Mark J. Kiemele, Udo W. Pooch
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

This paper presents a methodology which can be used to optimize the topology of an integrated circuit/packet-switched computer-communication network. This special kind of network possesses a circuit-switched backbone with various packet-switched local access networks feeding into the communications subnet. An iterative, heuristic approach is used to generate a sequence of suboptimal solutions in lieu of one optimal solution. Application of the methodology shows that it is a flexible tool that can be used to optimize the design of integrated networks.
&ldquo;Some things that did not happen in software DA&rdquo;
Authors: Harlow Freitag
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop (1973)

The techniques employed and the reasons for early lack of productive results on a software DA project are discussed. Suggestions for future projects are given.
The standard transistor array (STAR): Part I A two-layer metal semicustom design system
Authors: John M. Gould, Teddy M. Edge
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

The Standard Transistor Array (STAR) design system is a two-layer metal semicustom approach to generating random logic MOS digital circuits. The STAR design system is a part of the Large Scale Microelectronics Computer-Aided Design and Test (CADAT) system (1). The STAR design automated system includes a STAR-PLACE automatic placement program, a STAR-COMPILE compiling program, a STAR-ROUTE automatic routing program, a STAR-PRINT display program, and the ARTWORK-MANART artwork generation program. The basic STAR array, array technologies, STAR logic cell design, STAR application software, and example STAR circuit layouts are discussed in this paper.
Picture generation for Interactive Graphics
Authors: L. J. French
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th Design Automation Workshop (1972)

For the purposes of this paper an Interactive Graphical System is defined as a computer driven input/output video device, capable of displaying lines as well as text, and incorporating interactive devices such as function buttons, and/or light pen, etc.. Basically there are two approaches to generating pictures for such interactive graphical systems. One approach, called the display file approach, is to maintain all graphical data in a single display file which is used to drive a display. The second approach, called the separate data structure-display file approach, is to maintain the data in a list type data structure from which a display file is generated. The interaction speed of a graphical system based upon the separate data structure-display file approach is dictated primarily by the program that traverses the list type data structure to produce a display file for the display device. This program, called the Picture Compiler (PC), is the single most critical program in the success of the separate data structure-display file approach, and is the topic of this paper. The described techniques are applicable independent of the type of data structure, display hardware, and computer hardware, utilized in the graphical system.
A systems programming course using the HMS 5050, a counterfeit, hands-on, large-scale computer system
Authors: Bernhard Weinberg, Leonard H. Weiner
Venue: Proceedings of the fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1974)

Computer Science students at MSU design and implement multiprogramming monitors for a simulated computer system which is an amalgamation of Control Data 3000- and 6000-series machines. In this paper we describe this computer, the systems programming course in which it is used, and the students' project. We also report briefly on student performance.
Utilization of probabilistic network analysis in planning long-range engineering projects
Authors: D. W. Swindle,  Jr., E. H. Gift, F. M. Bustamante
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1979)

The application of the GERT (Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique) probabilistic network analysis technique and the results obtained from a program analysis using GERT is discussed. A historical summary of decision analysis techniques leading to the development and application of GERT is included. Discussion is provided on the GERT methodology, study rationale, and results of an analysis examining the Receiving and Storage Task at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Long-range program planning advantages using GERT are identified and discussed as relates to the methodology's decision analysis capability.
The junior college as a source of programming personnel
Authors: Gary S. Popkin
Venue: Proceedings of the ninth annual SIGCPR conference (1971)

In many organizations there is a constant need for Junior programmers - those with the lowest amounts of experience (6 to 18 months) and salaries considerably below the salaries ordinarily commanded by programmers with three or four years of experience. The organizations which have been able to use this type of programmer to advantage usually have a large data processing department (50 or more analysts and programmers) with highly skilled and experienced systems analysts and system designers. The skill of the system designers makes the use of Junior programmers an economical and practical course of action.
Computer aids for multilayer printed wiring board design
Authors: J. G. Brinsfield, S. R. Tarrant
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

BACKIS is a system of computer aids that is being used by physical designers and draftsmen engaged in the laying out of multilayer printed wire backplanes and high density digital circuit packs at Bell Laboratories. BACKIS has a central data base called the Interconnection File (IF) which is manipulated by means of a general purpose data management system. The application programs of BACKIS run against this central file in an IBM 360/370 environment. Included with in the BACKIS system is an interactive layout and editing capability which utilizes a PDP-15. The communication between the mainframe and minicomputer is via 9-track tape.
Business and the university computer science department: The left - hand side of a dialogue
Authors: Russell M. Armstrong, Emmett K. Platt
Venue: Proceedings of the first SIGCSE technical symposium on Education in computer science (1970)

The scope of computing in the modern business corporation today may be typified by the term Total Information Systems. What is required to construct a Total Information System is a mixture of hardware, communications equipment, software, operations research technology, and a highly skilled staff of people to define and integrate this technology with the information needs of the modern business corporation. Without needlessly belaboring a point, business has grown far beyond the familiar payroll and accounting ledger kind of programming, and has become the major user of computers in many sophisticated ways. To support this use, a source of talent must be defined. At the Founder's Conference of the Society for Management Information Systems (SMIS), September 1969, one of the topics was precisely the criticalness of this flow of talent. As has been the case with other, similar conferences with a strong business representation, the critical shortage of qualified computer staff personnel was discussed. This shortage, it is widely agreed, will be getting worse, especially in the senior positions of systems analysts, designers and consultants. As is also often the case in discussions of the sort which took place at the SMIS meeting, the university (the most obvious source of this talent) was cited as being, first of all, generally unresponsive to business needs and, secondly, simply numerically unable to provide the number of people being forecast as required. The recommended plan of attack was for business to develop in-house training and to &ldquo;put pressure&rdquo; on the academic community.
Parallel compiling techniques
Authors: Clarence A. Ellis
Venue: Proceedings of the 1971 26th annual conference (1971)

Currently, the software technology is not keeping up with the hardware technology. New software must be planned to take advantage of new hardware innovations. This paper describes one such effort. Techniques are described for carrying out the compilation process on a global highly-parallel computer. The problem of data structures and organization within the parallel computer is considered, and two organizations, called the horizontal and the vertical data organizations, are investigated.
Joint automatic equalization for data communication
Authors: Robert W. Chang
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Problems in the optimization of data communications systems (1969)

In data transmission systems with transversal filter equalization, the adjustment of the demodulating carrier phase, the receiver sampling time, and the equalizer tap gains are critical to the system's performance. These parameters cannot be set optimally by independent adjustments. In this talk, a method of jointly setting these parameters based on a minimum mean-square error equalization criterion is described. The possible implementation of the method and its applications to data communication are discussed. Computer simulations show that, when compared with systems using independent settings, the method proposed may offer a reduction in mean-square equalization error of as much as 10 db.
Janus: A data management and analysis system for the behavioral sciences
Authors: Jeffrey P. Stamen, Robert M. Wallace
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference (1973)

This paper describes the Janus data management and analysis system which has been designed at the Cambridge Project. A prototype of Janus is currently running on the Multics time-sharing system at M.I.T. The data model for the design of Janus is very general and should be usable as a model for data handling in general, as well as for Janus in particular. The Janus command language is an English-like language based on procedural functions - such as define, display, and delete - which act on logical objects from the data model, such as datasets, attributes and entities. For example, delete-attribute, define-attribute and define-dataset are all commands. The implementation of Janus is interesting for a number of reasons: it runs on the Multics system which has segmented and paged memory; it is based almost entirely on datasets (tables), which describe each other as well as themselves; and it is organized in a functionally modular way that is often talked about, but less often done.
The use of simulation in the design of an inventory control system
Authors: Donald L. Byrkett
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1978)

Although the literature abounds with inventory models developed for almost every conceivable set of circumstances, when it comes time to develop an inventory system for a particular application, none of the literature models seem to fit exactly. This requires the analyst to do one or both of the following: a) Modify an existing model to fit the given situation. b) Assume that even though not all of the assumptions in the existing model are satisfied, it will do an adequate job of controlling the inventory. Frequently, simulation is used to evaluate the consequences of following approach b (see, for example references 1, 3, 5, and 8). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of simulation in the design of a forecasting and inventory control system. The use of alternate approximate modelling strategies will be simulated using an analytic simulation model of the real system on a relatively large sample of parts. The design questions under study will include the forecasting model, the frequency of updating the forecasts, the order quantity model, and the reorder point model. In each case, a very simple and a more complex model will be used. The major thrust is to point out the use of simulation as an aid in evaluating design alternatives.
Organizing and accessing files for magnetic bubble memory and charge coupled devices
Authors: William E. Wright
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference (1979)

Several aspects of file organization are discussed in relation to magnetic bubble memory (MBM) and charge coupled devices (CCD). Cases are identified in which MBMs and/or CCDs require substantial differences in the nature or extent of certain file structures, as compared with older storage technologies. Tendencies for certain structure parameters to be much bigger or smaller for MBMs and CCDs than for disks and drums, are shown. Several structures are specifically shown to be suitable or unsuitable for MBMs and CCDs.
Computers in the humanities: Providing faculty with new tools
Authors: Sigurd Andersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services (1984)

DURING THE PAST YEAR, the University of Delaware has implemented a project to provide faculty in the humanities with personal computers. This project was initiated by the Provost to increase the faculty's awareness of and experience with computers. Funds to support the project came from a foundation grant. About 120 faculty members, 60 percent of those eligible, have participated, acquiring an IBM Personal Computer, Word Perfect (a word processing program), and a printer (if they wanted one). The purpose of this paper is to describe the project's history and to provide some comments on its success. Comments on products may contain some personal biases, though the author has tried to reflect the sense of the evaluating committee. A synopsis of the project follows. The idea for the program was tested by sending out a memorandum. Finding a strong interest, the Provost formed a committee of faculty to select a computer and appropriate software (programs) to be used in the project. After the committee had made its decisions, staff worked out details of the choices to be made available to the faculty. They also planned the ordering and distribution of equipment, provisions for training and consulting, and so forth. Distribution, training, and consulting have been ongoing concerns.