ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Computational Model of Language Acquisition: the Emergence of Words
Authors: Louis ten Bosch, Lou Boves, Hugo Van Hamme, Roger K. Moore
Venue: Fundamenta Informaticae (2009)

In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes use of a memory, a perception module, and the concept of 'learning drive'. Learning takes place within a communicative loop between a 'caregiver' and the 'learner'. Experiments carried out on three European languages with different genetic background (Finnish, Swedish, and Dutch) show that a robust word representation can be learned in using less than 100 acoustic tokens (examples) of that word. The model is inspired by the memory structure that is assumed functional for human cognitive processing.
Classifying rendezvous tasks of arbitrary dimension
Authors: Xingwu Liu, Zhiwei Xu, Jianzhong Pan
Venue: Theoretical Computer Science (2009)

The rendezvous is a type of distributed decision tasks including many well-known tasks such as set agreement, simplex agreement, and approximation agreement. An n-dimensional rendezvous task, n>=1, allows n+2 distinct input values, and each execution produces at most n+2 distinct output values. A rendezvous task is said to implement another if an instance of its solution, followed by a protocol based on shared read/write registers, solves the other. The notion of implementation induces a classification of rendezvous tasks of every dimension: two tasks belong to the same class if they implement each other. Previous work on classifying rendezvous tasks only focused on 1-dimensional ones. This paper solves an open problem by presenting the classification of nice rendezvous of arbitrary dimension. An n-dimensional rendezvous task is said to be nice if the qth reduced homology group of its decision space is trivial for q
A generalized database access path model
Authors: Georges S. Nicolas
Venue: Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference (1981)

Access paths are essential for the operation of database access methods, and their structures can greatly influence the search efficiency and storage requirements. In this paper we develop a general access path model that is shown to characterize a wide class of file organizations. An integrated file organization, which includes all the basic file organizations as special cases, is subsequently derived. If used as the underlying structure for a database, this integrated file organization can be subjected to optimization techniques to yield an optimal database performance.
Modelling of electronic and phononic states of Ge nanostructures
Authors: A. Miranda, M. Cruz-Irisson, C. Wang
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

The electronic band structure of ordered porous germanium (PGe) and germanium nanowires (GeNW) are studied by means of an sp3s* tight-binding approach. Within the linear response theory, a local bond-polarization model based on the displacement-displacement Green's function and the Born potential including central and non-central interatomic forces are used to investigate the Raman response and the phonon band structure of PGe and GeNW. This study is carried out by means of a supercell model, in which along the [001] direction empty-column pores and nanowires are constructed preserving the crystalline Ge atomic structure. An advantage of this model is the interconnection between Ge nanocrystals in PGe and then, all the electronic and phononic states are delocalized. However, the results of both elementary excitations show a clear quantum confinement signature. Moreover, the highest-energy Raman peak in both PGe and GeNW shows a shift towards lower frequencies with respect to that of bulk crystalline Ge, in good agreement with the experimental data.
What the body knows: Exploring the benefits of embodied metaphors in hybrid physical digital environments
Authors: Alissa N. Antle, Greg Corness, Milena Droumeva
Venue: Interacting with Computers (2009)

A recent trend in ubiquitous computing is the development of new forms of interfaces, which rely on embodied interaction. We focus on the definition of embodiment that refers to the ways in which abstract concepts rely on metaphorical extensions of embodied schemata shaped by processes below the level of conscious awareness as explored by Lakoff and Johnson [Lakoff, G., Johnson, M., 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA]. Our inquiry focuses on understanding the role embodied metaphors may play in supporting people to understand the possibilities for physical interaction in augmented spaces. We explore this issue through the development and evaluation of an interactive audio environment. We instantiate metaphor theory by using embodied schemata as the basis for the interactional metaphor that relates full-body input actions to audio output responses. We demonstrate and explore the benefits of this approach through a comparative experiment in which adults and children learn to use our audio environment. The results from our experiment indicated that embodied metaphors improve usability however, other factors including discoverability, perceivability of feedback and duplicity of structural isomorphism may mediate these metaphor-based benefits. We have generalized our main findings as a set of suggestions for the design of embodied style interfaces that rely on physical interaction.
Complete and Terminating Tableau for the Logic of Proper Subinterval Structures Over Dense Orderings
Authors: Davide Bresolin, Valentin Goranko, Angelo Montanari, Pietro Sala
Venue: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS) (2009)

We introduce special pseudo-models for the interval logic of proper subintervals over dense linear orderings. We prove finite model property with respect to such pseudo-models, and using that result we develop a decision procedure based on a sound, complete, and terminating tableau for that logic. The case of proper subintervals is essentially more complicated than the case of strict subintervals, for which we developed a similar tableau-based decision procedure in a recent work.
From Monomorphic to Polymorphic Well-Typings and Beyond
Authors: Tom Schrijvers, Maurice Bruynooghe, John P. Gallagher
Venue: Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation: 18th International Symposium, LOPSTR 2008, Valencia, Spain, July 17-18, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Type information has many applications; it can e.g. be used in optimized compilation, termination analysis and error detection. However, logic programs are typically untyped. A well-typed program has the property that it behaves identically on well-typed goals with or without type checking. Hence the automatic inference of a well-typing is worthwhile. Existing inferences are either cheap and inaccurate, or accurate and expensive. By giving up the requirement that all calls to a predicate have types that are instances of a unique polymorphic type but instead allowing multiple polymorphic typings for the same predicate, we obtain a novel strongly-connected-component-based analysis that provides a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost.
A Framework to Handle Component-Based Software Transactions with Semantics
Authors: Juan Miguel Gomez, Giner Alor-Hernandez, Myriam Mencke, Ruben Posada-Gomez, Ulises Juarez-Martinez, Gerardo Aguila-Rodriguez, Guillermo Cortes-Robles
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Digital Society (2009)

The emergence of Component-based Systems technologies and the increasing evolution of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm towards using Semantics offer companies new opportunities to reduce the complexity of integrating heterogeneous software components over the Web and provide new added value services. However, several issues need to be addressed to equal the benefits of traditional middleware in the context of enterprise application integration. In this paper, the notion of transactions in the context of Component-based Systems and Web Services is addressed and a suitable framework using semantics to handle them is proposed. The advantage of the concept of transactions in distributed architecture and its evolution inside business processes is outlined and the benefits of adopting this approach are demonstrated.
Tribal taste: mobile multiagent recommender system
Authors: Magnus Jändel, Mehdi Elahi
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2009)

We demonstrate a system for filtering media streams according to the collective taste of a leader-less informal clan of users. Applications on mobile devices receive streams of content items that are assessed by local software agents. The agents learn the collective preferences of the tribe by forming a distributed multi-agent society that shares data on the behavior of all users. The underlying artificial intelligence is based on support vector machines that cooperate by broadcasting new support vectors. The demo shows micro-blog readers on cell phones running support vector machine agents with text kernels and communicating over IP Multimedia System networks.
Checking semantic usage of frameworks
Authors: Ciera Jaspan, Jonathan Aldrich
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Library-Centric Software Design (2007)

Software frameworks are difficult for plugin developers to use, even when they are well designed and documented. Some of these difficulties stem from the many constraints that frameworks impose on plugin code. These constraints might restrict operations from being called on certain objects, or they might restrict how long an object is available. Additionally, the constraints are relative to the current context of the plugin, and they can involve multiple, interacting framework objects. This paper proposes a lightweight specification system and analysis to check plugins from a semantic perspective, rather than a purely structural view.
The uniqueness of the SDPS-set of the symplectic dual polar space DW(4n-1,q), ≥2
Authors: Bart De Bruyn
Venue: European Journal of Combinatorics (2009)

SDPS-sets are very nice sets of points in dual polar spaces which themselves carry the structure of dual polar spaces. They were introduced in [B. De Bruyn, P. Vandecasteele, Valuations and hyperplanes of dual polar spaces, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 112 (2005) 194-211] because they gave rise to new valuations and hyperplanes of dual polar spaces. In the present paper, we show that the symplectic dual polar space DW(4n-1,q), n≥2, has up to isomorphisms a unique SDPS-set.
Matrix representations, linear transformations, and kernels for disambiguation in natural language
Authors: Tapio Pahikkala, Sampo Pyysalo, Jorma Boberg, Jouni Järvinen, Tapio Salakoski
Venue: Machine Learning (2009)

In the application of machine learning methods with natural language inputs, the words and their positions in the input text are some of the most important features. In this article, we introduce a framework based on a word-position matrix representation of text, linear feature transformations of the word-position matrices, and kernel functions constructed from the transformations. We consider two categories of transformations, one based on word similarities and the second on their positions, which can be applied simultaneously in the framework in an elegant way. We show how word and positional similarities obtained by applying previously proposed techniques, such as latent semantic analysis, can be incorporated as transformations in the framework. We also introduce novel ways to determine word and positional similarities. We further present efficient algorithms for computing kernel functions incorporating the transformations on the word-position matrices, and, more importantly, introduce a highly efficient method for prediction. The framework is particularly suitable to natural language disambiguation tasks where the aim is to select for a single word a particular property from a set of candidates based on the context of the word. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework to this type of tasks using context-sensitive spelling error correction on the Reuters News corpus as a model problem.
How to find exculpatory and inculpatory evidence using a circular digital forensics process model
Authors: Marjan Khatir, Seyed Mahmood Hejazi
Venue: International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics (2009)

With raising the number of cyber crimes, the need of having a proper digital forensic process also increases. Although digital forensics is practiced in recent years, there is still a big gap between previously suggested digital forensics processes and what is really needed to be done in real cases. Some problems with current processes are lack of flexible transition between phases, not having a clear method or a complete scenario for addressing reliable evidence, and not paying enough attention to management aspects and team roles. This article provides a process model by paying special attention to the team roles and management aspects as well as both exculpatory and inculpatory evidence.
Modeling stimulus-driven attentional selection in dynamic natural scenes
Authors: Anna Lázár, Zoltán Vidnyánszky, Tamás Roska
Venue: International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications (2009)

In this paper we have developed a neuromorphic model of bottom-up (BU) visual attentional selection. The output of a recently developed neuromorphic multi-channel retina model has represented the input of our model. As a first step, a saliency map has been calculated for each retinal channel which, next, has been integrated into a master saliency map. Model parameters have been optimized based on human eye movement data measured during viewing dynamic natural scenes. We have tested two different strategies for weighting the channel-specific saliency maps during integration into a master map. In the first case, channel weights have been kept constant throughout the verification measurements, whereas, in the other case, they have been updated on each frame, according to the specific properties of the visual input. Surprisingly, the constant channel weighting strategies have performed better than the continually updated ones. We have measured the model's accuracy by defining the hit ratio (concurrence) between the first few predicted locations (the most salient locations) and the measured fixation locations. Constant weighting methods have achieved <74% hit ratio on four predictions. For a comparison, the accidental chance for this case has been less than 20%. This pure BU approach has performed surprisingly well on dynamic natural input. Some practical applications have already been made with task-dependent simplifications. Copyright &copy; 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
CThru: exploration in a video-centered information space for educational purposes
Authors: Hao Jiang, Alain Viel, Meekal Bajaj, Robert A. Lue, Chia Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

We present CThru, a self-guided video-based educational environment in a large multi-display setting. We employ a video-centered approach, creating and combining multimedia contents of different formats with a story-telling education video. With the support of new display form factors in the environment, viewing a sequential educational video thread is replaced by the immersive learning experience of hands-on exploration and manipulation in a multi-dimensional information space. We demonstrate CThru with an animation clip in cellular biology, supplementing visible objects in the video with rich domain-specific multimedia information and interactive 3D models. We describe CThru's design rationale and implementation. We also discuss a pilot study and what it revealed with respect to CThru's interface and the usage pattern of the tabletop and the associated large wall display.
Opportunities in dilute nitride III-V semiconductors quantum confined p-i-n solar cells for single carrier resonant tunneling
Authors: A. Alemu, A. Freundlich
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

Stunning theoretical efficiencies have been predicted for quantum-confined solar cells. However, practical realizations remain inefficient as these devices suffer from an inherent difficulty in the extraction of photo-generated carriers from the confined states. Leveraging on the shallow valence band offset of dilute nitrides and using a carefully chosen material system and device design, we show the possibility of circumventing this problem by separating the optimization of the valence and conduction band and reducing the issue to a single particle problem. Band structure calculations including strain effects, band anti-crossing models and transfer matrix methods are used to theoretically demonstrate optimum conditions for enhanced vertical transport. High-electron tunneling escape probability, together with a free movement of quasi-3D holes, is predicted to result in enhanced PV device performance. Furthermore, the increase in electron effective mass due to the incorporation of N translates in enhanced absorptive properties, ideal for PV application.
Fault-aware scheduling for Bag-of-Tasks applications on Desktop Grids
Authors: Cosimo Anglano, John Brevik, Massimo Canonico, Dan Nurmi, Rich Wolski
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (2006)

Desktop Grids have proved to be a suitable platform for the execution of Bag-of-Tasks applications but, being characterized by a high resource volatility, require the availability of scheduling techniques able to effectively deal with resource failures and/or unplanned periods of unavailability. In this paper we present a set of fault-aware scheduling policies that, rather than just tolerating faults as done by traditional fault-tolerant schedulers, exploit the information concerning resource availability to improve application performance. The performance of these strategies have been compared via simulation with those attained by traditional fault-tolerant schedulers. Our results, obtained by consider a set of realistic scenarios modeled after real Desktop Grids, show that our approach results in better application performance and resource utilization.
Making Sense of Data II: A Practical Guide to Data Visualization, Advanced Data Mining Methods, and Applications
Authors: Glenn J. Myatt, Wayne P. Johnson
Venue:  (2009)

The Making Sense of Data series fills a current gap in the market for easy-to-use books for non-specialists that combine advanced data mining methods, the application of these methods to a range of fields, and hands-on tutorials. Making Sense of Data II: A Practical Guide to Data Visualization, Advanced Data Mining Methods, and Applications offers a comprehensive collection of advanced data mining methods coupled with tutorials for applications in a range of fields including business and finance. This book is appropriate for students and professionals in the many different disciplines involving making decisions from data.
Circuit design using stripe-shaped PMELA TFTs on glass
Authors: Keita Ikai, Jinmyoung Kim, Makoto Ikeda, Kunihiro Asada
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2009)

A design environment for stripe-shaped PMELA TFTs on glass has been developed and successfully tested. Cell library including standard cells, logic synthesis database, Place and Route rule, layout parasitic extraction rule and transistor models are developed. Measurement results show that the digital circuits designed in this environment work correctly. They also show that the simulation environment is accurate enough for simulating digital circuits.
Tactile sensory substitution: Models for enaction in HCI
Authors: Yon Visell
Venue: Interacting with Computers (2009)

To apply enactive principles within human-computer interaction poses interesting challenges to the way that we design and evaluate interfaces, particularly those that possess a strong sensorimotor character. This article surveys the field of tactile sensory substitution, an area of science and engineering that lies at the intersection of such research domains as neuroscience, haptics, and sensory prosthetics. It is argued that this area of research is of high relevance to the design and understanding of enactive interfaces that make use of touch, and is also a fertile arena for revealing fundamental issues at stake in the design and implementation of enactive interfaces, ranging from engineering, to human sensory physiology, and the function and plasticity of perception. A survey of these questions is provided, alongside a range of current and historical examples.
Verified enforcement of stateful information release policies
Authors: Nikhil Swamy, Michael Hicks
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (2009)

Many organizations specify information release policies to describe the terms under which sensitive information may be released to other organizations. This paper presents a new approach for ensuring that security-critical software correctly enforces its information release policy. Our approach has two parts. First, an information release policy is specified as a security automaton written in a new language called AIR. Second, we enforce an AIR policy by translating it into an API for programs written in lAIR, a core formalism for a functional programming language. lAIR uses a novel combination of dependent, affine, and singleton types to ensure that the API is used correctly. As a consequence we can certify that programs written in lAIR meet the requirements of the original AIR policy specification.
Bayesian causal effects in quantiles: Accounting for heteroscedasticity
Authors: Cathy W. S. Chen, Richard Gerlach, D. C. M. Wei
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2009)

Testing for Granger non-causality over varying quantile levels could be used to measure and infer dynamic linkages, enabling the identification of quantiles for which causality is relevant, or not. However, dynamic quantiles in financial application settings are clearly affected by heteroscedasticity, as well as the exogenous and endogenous variables under consideration. GARCH-type dynamics are added to the standard quantile regression model, so as to more robustly examine quantile causal relations between dynamic variables. An adaptive Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme, exploiting the link between quantile regression and the skewed-Laplace distribution, is designed for estimation and inference of the quantile causal relations, simultaneously estimating and accounting for heteroscedasticity. Dynamic quantile linkages for the international stock markets in Taiwan and Hong Kong are considered over a range of quantile levels. Specifically, the hypothesis that these stock returns are Granger-caused by the US market and/or the Japanese market is examined. The US market is found to significantly and positively Granger-cause both markets at all quantile levels, while the Japanese market effect was also significant at most quantile levels, but with weaker effects.