ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the conjugacy search problem and left conjugacy closed loops
Authors: Juha Partala, Tapio Sepp&#x00e4;nen
Venue: Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing (2008)

The conjugacy search problem (CSP) is used as a primitive in several braid group-based public key encryption schemes. It has been pointed out that, in braid groups, it is unlikely to provide adequate security. Therefore, new structures need to be found. In this paper, we give a formulation of the CSP for left conjugacy closed loops. In order to construct a generalization of the Anshel&#x2013;Anshel&#x2013;Goldfeld key establishment method, we also define a partial conjugacy search problem PCSP and show it to be equivalent to the CSP, if the underlying structure is a group. We also study more closely the PCSP in a class of conjugacy closed loops of order p 2, where p is a prime.
Silicon Fresnel zone plates for high heat load X-ray microscopy
Authors: J. Vila-Comamala, K. Jefimovs, J. Raabe, B. Kaulich, C. David
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2008)

A technique to produce diffractive X-ray lenses optimized for high heat load applications is demonstrated. The lenses are made from single crystal silicon membranes, which have uniform thermal conductivity and homogeneous thermal expansion. Silicon Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width down to 30nm were produced by means of electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. They were tested in conventional synchrotron light sources in a full-field transmission X-ray microscope and in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope. Features below 35nm were resolved. High resolution in combination with ability to withstand high heat load radiation make them a potential candidate for the new generation of X-ray sources based on the free electron laser principle.
Spinning sensors: middleware for robotic sensor network
Authors: Soko Aoki, Yukihiko Kirihara, Jin Nakazawa, Hideyuki Tokuda
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Robot communication and coordination (2007)

This paper proposes Spinning Sensors, a middleware system for creating robotic sensor network applications. This middleware enables application programmers to easily write application software which utilizes both sensors and actuators in their network. In the Spinning Sensors model, a sensor node is attached to a robotic actuator to change its position and/or direction. The continuous position change enables the single robotic sensor node to cover greater sensing area and sensing time. This paper describes robotic sensor node model that the sensor and the actuator are attached together as one node, then present our design and implementation of the software which achieved both versatility and functionality simultaneously. We constructed three applications using the middleware: an environment monitoring, a radio control robot, and context-aware services. We show the result of experiment in which we utilized multiple robotic sensor nodes to monitor the environment.
Defense against the dark arts
Authors: Mark W. Bailey, Clark L. Coleman, Jack W. Davidson
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (2008)

Computer science faculty must attract and retain students by offering innovative courses that spark student interest, yet still teach core, computer science concepts. These efforts have become particularly important as computer science enrollments have declined, thus increasing concerns for attracting and retaining students. We describe an innovative course that leverages students' interest in computer security issues to attract and retain technically-oriented students. Our initial vision was to offer a course covering computer viruses - a subject that even a novice computer user has some familiarity. To avoid the controversy associated with teaching students how to write malicious software, we focused the course on techniques for defending against viruses, so we named the course Defense Against the Dark Arts. In teaching the course, we have found the subject matter provides an engaging way to introduce and reinforce many important computer science concepts that other courses often cover, most particularly, the traditional compiler course. We have taught the course three times at two separate institutions, with a third school soon to follow. The course has been well received by students - completely filling each semester with enrollments that are four to five times greater than the compiler course. Furthermore, student surveys indicate that the course raises students' awareness of computer security while introducing students to important program translation and analysis concepts.
Multi-party communication and information-need anticipation by experience
Authors: Xiaocong Fan, John Yen
Venue: Web Intelligence and Agent Systems (2007)

Collaborative computing relies on the modeling and exploiting of team intelligence. While the notion of shared mental models has been widely adopted to explain coordination behaviors in human teams, it becomes increasingly important to investigate the computerization of shared mental models and their application in multi-agent systems. A key element of research along this line is to explore effective ways to developing shared mental models. In this paper, we give a representation model for conversation patterns involving multiple conversation roles. Then, within the R-CAST agent architecture, we detail an approach where agents in a group, via multi-party communication, can anticipate others' information needs using experience-based conversation pattern recognition. The approach can be employed to develop shared mental models among a group for supporting unplanned collaborations.
REACTIVE TUNING OF TARGET ESTIMATE ACCURACY IN MULTISENSOR DATA FUSION
Authors: Ning Xiong, Henrik Christensen, Per Svensson
Venue: Cybernetics and Systems (2007)

Dealing with conflicting and target-specific requirements is an important issue in multisensor and multitarget tracking. This paper aims to allocate sensing resources among various targets in reaction to individual information requests. The proposed approach is to introduce agents for every relevant target responsible for its tracking. Such agents are expected to bargain with each other for a division of resources. A bilateral negotiation model is established for resource allocation in two-target tracking. The applications of agent negotiation to target covariance tuning are illustrated together with simulation results presented. Moreover, we suggest a way of organizing simultaneous one-to-one negotiations, making our negotiation model still applicable in scenarios of tracking more than two targets.
Cooperative black and gray hole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Piyush Agrawal, R. K. Ghosh, Sajal K. Das
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communication (2008)

In this paper, we propose a complete protocol to detect a chain of cooperating malicious nodes in an ad hoc network that disrupts transmission of data by feeding wrong routing information. Our technique is based on sending data in equal but small sized blocks instead of sending whole of data in one continuous stream. The flow of traffic is monitored independently at the neighborhoods of both source and destination. The results of monitoring are gathered by a backbone network of trusted nodes. With assumption that a neighborhood of any node in the ad hoc network has more trusted nodes than malicious nodes, our protocol can not only detect but also remove a chain of cooperating malicious nodes (gray/black hole) by ensuring an end-to-end checking between the transmission of two blocks of data. The protocol takes O(mdBN) time for detection and removal of gray/black holes chain which betters an earlier O(n2) time bound [4] for detecting a single black hole in the network. Here, m is the number of malicious nodes in the network, dBN is the diameter of a backbone network formed out of the flat ad hoc network, and n is the total number of nodes in the ad hoc network.
An Abnormal Area Scanning for Scalable and Energy-Efficient and Secure SensorNet Management
Authors: Hayoung Oh, Kijoon Chae
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2008)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a very attractive technique for a variety of applications due to many merits such as compact form, low-power and potential low cost. However, the more the number of sensor node is increased, the more difficult the manager monitors WSNs individually. And faults such as the malfunction of the sensor device itself are common due to the vulnerable security. Therefore, a new approach to manage secure sensorNet considering scalability, energy-efficiency and faulty tendency is needed. Therefore, we propose an abnormal area scanning algorithm using spatial, temporal correlation and in-network aggregation for scalable and energy-efficient secure sensorNet management. Simulations show that our scheme has good scalability and energy-efficiency characteristics, compared to the previous scheme and it can clearly identify the abnormal sensors with high accuracy even in the existence of normal sensors, abnormal sensor and event-detecting sensors.
A Prototype System to Support the KJ Method by Cooperation between Visually-Impaired Persons and Sighted Persons
Authors: Hiroaki Yuze, Chaoqun Wang, Shigeki Sugiura, Takeshi Otofuji, Toshiki Aikawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

The KJ method is an idea generation method and widely used in Japan. In this study, we developed a prototype system which can assist visually-impaired persons to perform the KJ method with sighted persons. Visual operations such as seeing the cards are indispensable for performing the KJ method, which means visually-impaired persons are impossible to participate in the KJ method because of their handicap. We propose that visually-impaired person perform the KJ method with 3 special devices. Those are table-type display, Braille PDA and tactile graphic display. This system can convert visual information to tactile or auditory information; therefore visually-impaired persons have the possibilities to perform the KJ method. We also propose that visually-impaired persons perform the KJ method through the internet; therefore they can access the system at home. We did an evaluation experiment with 4 subjects. One of them is a visually-impaired person. Moreover, we recorded the whole experiment and interviewed the subjects.
A geometric approach to improving active packet loss measurement
Authors: Joel Sommers, Paul Barford, Nick Duffield, Amos Ron
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) (2008)

Measurement and estimation of packet loss characteristics are challenging due to the relatively rare occurrence and typically short duration of packet loss episodes. While active probe tools are commonly used to measure packet loss on end-to-end paths, there has been little analysis of the accuracy of these tools or their impact on the network. The objective of our study is to understand how to measure packet loss episodes accurately with end-to-end probes. We begin by testing the capability of standard Poisson-modulated end-to-end measurements of loss in a controlled laboratory environment using IP routers and commodity end hosts. Our tests show that loss characteristics reported from such Poisson-modulated probe tools can be quite inaccurate over a range of traffic conditions. Motivated by these observations, we introduce a new algorithm for packet loss measurement that is designed to overcome the deficiencies in standard Poisson-based tools. Specifically, our method entails probe experiments that follow a geometric distribution to 1) enable an explicit trade-off between accuracy and impact on the network, and 2) enable more accurate measurements than standard Poisson probing at the same rate. We evaluate the capabilities of our methodology experimentally by developing and implementing a prototype tool, called BADABING. The experiments demonstrate the trade-offs between impact on the network and measurement accuracy. We show that BADABING reports loss characteristics far more accurately than traditional loss measurement tools.
Technical communique: Design of static H∞ loop shaping controller in four-block framework using LMI approach
Authors: S. Patra, S. Sen, G. Ray
Venue: Automatica (Journal of IFAC) (2008)

This paper attempts to develop an alternate but simple technique for designing a static output feedback H"~ loop shaping controller from four-block H"~ framework. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of a static H"~ loop shaping controller. These conditions are in LMI form, and are different from those obtained in [Prempain, E. (2004). Static H"~ loop shaping control. Control 2004. UK: University of Bath; Prempain, E., & Postlethwaite, I. (2004). Static H"~ loop shaping control of fly-by-wire helicopter. In Conference on decision and control (pp. 1188-1195); Prempain, E., & Postlethwaite, I. (2005). Static H"~ loop shaping control of fly-by-wire helicopter. Automatica, 41, 1517-1528] using normalized coprime factorization approach. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the results of this paper.
Cyberenvironments: adaptive middleware for scientific cyberinfrastructure
Authors: James D. Myers, Robert E. McGrath
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Adaptive and reflective middleware: held at the ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference (2007)

The principles of adaptive and reflective software (abstract interfaces, exposed metadata, instrumentation) can be applied to create flexible, scalable scientific CyberInfrastructure and to develop Cyberenvironments to support scientific research. Informed by an understanding of scientific processes as a discourse; we argue that a confluence of ideas from adaptive and reflective software and from traditional scientific information management, and grid/web scalable architectures provide a robust foundation for explicitly and coherently manage data, processes, and models using standardized technologies within Cyberenvironments that present an evolvable, domain-oriented view to the user.
Ultra-wideband geo-regioning: a novel clustering and localization technique
Authors: Christoph Steiner, Frank Althaus, Florian Troesch, Armin Wittneben
Venue: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2008)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology enables a high temporal resolution of the propagation channel. Consequently, a channel impulse response between transmitter and receiver can be interpreted as signature for their relative positions. If the position of the receiver is known, the channel impulse response indicates the position of the transmitter and vice versa. This work introduces UWB geo-regioning as a clustering and localization method based on channel impulse response fingerprinting, develops a theoretical framework for performance analysis, and evaluates this approach by means of performance results based on measured channel impulse responses. Complexity issues are discussed and performance dependencies on signal-to-noise ratio, a priori knowledge, observation window, and system bandwidth are investigated.
A Flexible Trust Model for Distributed Service Infrastructures
Authors: Zhaoyu Liu, Stephen S. Yau, Dichao Peng, Yin Yin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (2008)

Recent years have witnessed the emergence and rapid growth of distributed service infrastructures such as mobile ad hoc networks, P2P, Planet Lab and Grids. In such distributed infrastructures, an entity needs to utilize the services provided by other entities or the infrastructures, where trust is an important factor. There exists a gap between current trust research focusing limitedly on specific applications and a systematic, adaptable and customizable trust framework. The first limitation of current research is the lack of characterizing service-specific trust features. The second limitation lies in the restricted evaluation formulae of trust values. The trust value formulae are usually drawn from a particular mathematical model and may not satisfy some desirable properties. The third limitation is the lack of flexibility and adaptability of trust models. In this paper a comprehensive trust model is presented to address these limitations and provide a trust-based environment for distributed service infrastructures. Our simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the trust model against various attacks.
VirtualScan: Test Compression Technology Using Combinational Logic and One-Pass ATPG
Authors: Laung-Terng Wang, Xiaoqing Wen, Shianling Wu, Zhigang Wang, Zhigang Jiang, Boryau Sheu, Xinli Gu
Venue: IEEE Design Test (2008)

This article describes a test compression technology, called VirtualScan, which achieves scan test cost reduction by inserting a small combinational broadcaster and compactor into the original circuit under test (CUT). In addition, one-pass ATPG takes into account all constraints imposed by the VirtualScan compression architecture, and generates compression test patterns in the same manner as a conventional full-scan ATPG. The simplicity of the combinational-logic-based compression technology further allows for flexibility in addressing unknown (X) values and fault-aliasing effects, through either an enhanced ATPG algorithm or enhanced compactor logic.
Object-oriented classification for urban land cover mapping with ASTER imagery
Authors: Y. Chen, P. Shi, T. Fung, J. Wang, X. Li
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

This document demonstrates the potential of using an object-oriented approach to map urban land cover. One objective of this work was to test the ability of the object-oriented classification in the generation of urban land cover maps. Anotehr was to produce an updated land cover map for the city of Beijing from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflecton Radiometer (ASTER) data, with an evaluation of its accuracy.
Monadic L-fuzzy quantifiers of the type
Authors: Michal Holčapek
Venue: Fuzzy Sets and Systems (2008)

The aim of this paper is to introduce monadic L-fuzzy quantifiers of the type and investigate some of their semantic properties that are well-known in generalized quantifier theory. Relationships between the properties of generalized quantifiers are also studied for monadic L-fuzzy quantifiers. Finally, a property ''to be extensional with respect to a given L-permutation equivalence'' is proposed and some properties are shown.
Computing structural similarity of source XML schemas against domain XML schema
Authors: Jianxin Li, Jixue Liu, Chengfei Liu, Guoren Wang, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Chi Yangt
Venue: Proceedings of the nineteenth conference on Australasian database - Volume 75 (2008)

In this paper, we study the problem of measuring structural similarities of large number of source schemas against a single domain schema, which is useful for enhancing the quality of searching and ranking big volume of source documents on the Web with the help of structural information. After analyzing the improperness of adopting existing edit-distance based methods, we propose a new similarity measure model that caters for the requirements of the problem. Given the asymmetric nature of the similarity comparisons of source schemas with a domain schema, similarity preserving rules and algorithm are designed to filter out uninteresting elements in source schemas for the purpose of optimizing the similarity computation. Based on the model, a basic algorithm and an improved algorithm are developed for structural similarity computation. The improved algorithm makes full use of a new coding scheme that is devised to reduce the number of comparisons. Complexities of both algorithms are analyzed and extensive experiments are conducted showing the significant performance gain achieved by the improved algorithm.
Optimizing security in e-commerce through implementation of hybrid tecnologies
Authors: Gurjodh Singh Dhillon, Jatinder Ohri
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Electronics, Control & Signal Processing (2006)

Providing sensitive information over then net or even browsing the net could be the gateway to the misuse of data and other viruses. During the e-commerce process crucial business transactions are carried, even individuals perform online transactions like banking and shopping etc. over the internet and here the actual threat grips the minds of every common person that, Is the information passed on the net is secure? Of course this is the biggest question for which everybody tries to find the way out. Every year all the organization spends big amount to get away from this big threat. There is much more to think where as security issues are concerned but below are the main security solutions we are having but it is very clear that each has an application at different levels when e-commerce and network security is concerned. Hence we can wind up saying that there is up most need of using hybrid of these technologies with which we give 100% security to the e-commerce transactions so that 89% of the people should get rid of their negative thinking of Internet security during transactions.
Software localization in Ukraine: social-cultural issues and technological aspects
Authors: Kateryna Makarenko, Konstantyn Nagornyi, Nikolay Tkachuk
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Software Engineering in east and south europe (2008)

In this article the basic terms and logical components of software internationalization and localization processes are discussed with respect to some humanitarian and technological issues. In order to illustrate the necessity to consider them in an integrated way the actual situation related to this topic in Ukraine is depicted and analyzed, and some prospective activities in this domain are mentioned as well.
The impact of offshoring on the evolution of the IT workforce within the UK
Authors: Wallace Gray, Thomas M. Connolly
Venue: International Journal of Information Technology and Management (2008)

There is a growing concern over the offshoring of jobs to organisations in developing countries, particularly as we are now starting to lose high-wage knowledge jobs that may potentially impact the future of the UK IT sector. In this paper, we examine some of the issues surrounding offshoring, present case studies of some organisations with different experiences and views of offshoring and investigate what it may mean to the IT sector of the future within the UK. There are three main findings: (1) Future skills required by UK IT professionals will present a major lifestyle change for many parts of the IT workforce. (2) While it may be irrational to create artificial political or organisational barriers to restrict offshoring, the UK Government needs a holistic strategy for the UK IT sector to position itself for future competitive advantage or risk losing a prized high technology industry to developing countries. (3) There is universal agreement that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) will play a major role in developing the supply of skills needed for the UK to compete globally in the future and that there is a clear need for government policy and business to inform educational directions.