ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Module Management Scheme for Dynamic Reconfiguration
Authors: Hong Min, Junyoung Heo, Yookun Cho, Kahyun Lee, Jaegi Son, Byunghun Song
Venue: Proceeding sof the international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, Part I (2008)

Wireless sensor nodes are used to sense and transmit information from target region such as nature and industrial environment. In those nodes, dynamic reconfiguration is required to update codes, change functions, and maintain programs, because each node is deployed in a remote region. Currently, many dynamic reconfiguration schemes have been researched in wireless sensor networks. However, they are still inefficient in terms of energy usage, and not capable to manage multiple modules. In this paper, we present an efficient module management scheme for dynamic reconfiguration of sensor operating systems. To minimize the updating cost of each module that has a dependency relation, it provides a new `module update' interface, which is different from the module insertion and deletion methods. It also supports dependency and duplication checker to manage modules reliably. Our experimental results show that our scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of both the execution time and the energy consumption.
EMU in the Car: Evaluating Multimodal Usability of a Satellite Navigation System
Authors: Ann Blandford, Paul Curzon, Joanne Hyde, George Papatzanis
Venue: Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification: 15th International Workshop, DSV-IS 2008 Kingston, Canada, July 16-18, 2008 Revised Papers (2008)

The design and evaluation of multimodal systems has traditionally been a craft skill. There are some well established heuristics, guidelines and frameworks for assessing multimodal interactions, but no established methodologies that focus on the design of the interaction between user and system in context. In this paper, we present EMU, a systematic evaluation methodology for reasoning about the usability of an interactive system in terms of the modalities of interaction. We illustrate its application using an example of in-car navigation. EMU fills a niche in the repertoire of analytical evaluation approaches by focusing on the quality of interaction in terms of the modalities of interaction, how modalities are integrated, and where there may be interaction breakdowns due to modality clashes, synchronisation difficulties or distractions.
Limit theorems for hybridization reactions on oligonucleotide microarrays
Authors: Grzegorz A. Rempala, Iwona Pawlikowska
Venue: Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2008)

We derive herein the limiting laws for certain stationary distributions of birth-and-death processes related to the classical model of chemical adsorption-desorption reactions due to Langmuir. The model has been recently considered in the context of a hybridization reaction on an oligonucleotide DNA-microarray. Our results imply that the truncated-gamma- and beta-type distributions can be used as approximations to the observed distributions of the fluorescence readings of the oligo-probes on a microarray. These findings might be useful in developing new model-based, probe-specific methods of extracting target concentrations from array fluorescence readings.
Heterogenic Distributed System for Cryptanalysis of Elliptic Curve Based Cryptosystems
Authors: Piotr Majkowski, Mariusz Rawski, Tomasz Wojciechowski, Zbigniew Kotulski, Maciej Wojtynski
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering (2008)

Public-key cryptosystems allow secure connections and data exchange through unsafe communication channel without the need of a previous secure key exchange. The most popular cryptosystem used nowadays is RSA. However recently a serious rival appeared – Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC).Cryptanalytic attack on ECC system involves solving the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP). The best known algorithm used to solve ECDLP is Pollard’s rho method. So far successful attacks on ECC systems were mostly based on distributed computer networks.In this paper a heterogenic (software & hardware) distributed cryptanalytic system is presented. Proposed solution utilizes the concept of distributing computation in network of general purpose computers and specialized hardware units with FPGA structures. Such hybrid system allows for very efficient cryptanalysis of cryptosystems based on elliptic curves.Estimated computation time of attacks on specific curves from Certicom Challenge list using proposed system is presented.
Distributed Semantics and Implementation for Systems with Interaction and Priority
Authors: Ananda Basu, Philippe Bidinger, Marius Bozga, Joseph Sifakis
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems (2008)

The paper studies a distributed implementation method for the BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) component framework for modeling heterogeneous systems.BIP offers two powerful mechanisms for describing composition of components by combining interactions and priorities. A system model is layered. The lowest layer contains atomic components; the second layer, describes possible interactions between atomic components; the third layer includes priorities between the interactions. The current implementation of BIP is based on global state operational semantics. An Engine directly interprets the operational semantics rules and computes the possible interactions between atomic components from global states.The implementation method is a translation from BIP models into distributed models involving two steps. The first translates BIP models into partial state models where are known only the states of the components which are ready to communicate. The second implements interactions in the partial state model by using message passing primitives.The main results of the paper are conditions for which the three models are observationally equivalent. We show that in general, the translation from global state to partial state models does not preserve observational equivalence. Preservation can be achieved by strengthening the premises of the operational semantics rules by an oracle. This is a predicate depending on the priorities of the BIP model. We show that there are many possible choices for oracles. Maximal parallelism is achieved for dynamic oracles allowing interaction as soon as possible. Nonetheless, these oracles may entail considerable computational overhead. We study performance trade-offs for different types of oracles. Finally, we provide experimental results illustrating the application of the theory on a prototype implementation.
Uniform Circuits, & Boolean Proof Nets
Authors: Virgile Mogbil, Vincent Rahli
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Logical Foundations of Computer Science (2007)

The relationship between Boolean proof nets of multiplicative linear logic ( APN ) and Boolean circuits has been studied [Ter04] in a non-uniform setting. We refine this results by taking care of uniformity: the relationship can be expressed in term of the (Turing) polynomial hierarchy. We give a proofs-as-programs correspondence between proof nets and deterministic as well as non-deterministic Boolean circuits with a uniform depth-preserving simulation of each other. The Boolean proof nets class m BN (poly ) is built on multiplicative and additive linear logic with a polynomial amount of additive connectives as the non-deterministic circuit class NNC (poly) is with non-deterministic variables. We obtain uniform-APN = NC and m BN (poly ) = NNC (poly)= NP.
Outside-in software development: a practical approach to building successful stakeholder-based products, First edition
Authors: Carl Kessler, John Sweitzer
Venue:  (2007)

"Outside-in thinking complements any approach your teams may be taking to the actual implementation of software, but it changes how you measure success. A successful outside-in team does a lot of learning and not much speculation."-Tom PoppendieckBuild Software That Delivers Maximum Business Value to Every Key StakeholderImagine your ideal development project. It will deliver exactly what your clients need. It will achieve broad, rapid, enthusiastic adoption. And it will be designed and built by a productive, high-morale team of expert software professionals. Using this book's breakthrough "outside-in" approach to software development, your next project can be that ideal project.In Outside-in Software Development, two of IBM's most respected software leaders, Carl Kessler and John Sweitzer, show you how to identify the stakeholders who'll determine your project's real value, shape every decision around their real needs, and deliver software that achieves broad, rapid, enthusiastic adoption.The authors present an end-to-end framework and practical implementation techniques any development team can quickly benefit from, regardless of project type or scope. Using their proven approach, you can improve the effectiveness of every client conversation, define priorities with greater visibility and clarity, and make sure all your code delivers maximum business value.Coverage includes Understanding your stakeholders and the organizational and business context they operate in Clarifying the short- and long-term stakeholder goals your project will satisfy More effectively mapping project expectations to outcomes Building more "consumable" software: systems that are easier to deploy, use, and support Continuously enhancing alignment with stakeholder goals Helping stakeholders manage ongoing change long after you've delivered your product Mastering the leadership techniques needed to drive outside-in development
F-FCSR Stream Ciphers
Authors: François Arnault, Thierry Berger, Cédric Lauradoux
Venue: New Stream Cipher Designs: The eSTREAM Finalists (2008)

Feedback with Carry Shift Registers (FCSRs) are a promising alternative to Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) for the design of stream ciphers. The main difference between these two automata lies in the computation of the feedback. While LFSRs use simple bitwise addition, FCSRs use addition with carries. Hence, the transition function of an FCSR is non-linear, more precisely quadratic. Since FCSRs were introduced by Goresky and Klapper [11], the properties of the sequences generated by an FCSR are now considered well mastered from a mathematical point of view.
Montgomery Ladder for All Genus 2 Curves in Characteristic 2
Authors: Sylvain Duquesne
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Arithmetic of Finite Fields (2008)

Using the Kummer surface, we generalize Montgomery ladder for scalar multiplication to the Jacobian of genus 2 curves in characteristic 2. Previously this method was known for elliptic curves and for genus 2 curves in odd characteristic. We obtain an algorithm that is competitive compared to usual methods of scalar multiplication and that has additional properties such as resistance to simple side-channel attacks. Moreover it provides a significant speed-up of scalar multiplication in many cases. This new algorithm has very important applications in cryptography using hyperelliptic curves and more particularly for people interested in cryptography on embedded systems (such as smart cards).
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned
Authors: Kurt Vanlehn, Collin Lynch, Kay Schulze, Joel A. Shapiro, Robert Shelby, Linwood Taylor, Don Treacy, Anders Weinstein, Mary Wintersgill
Venue: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (2005)

The Andes system demonstrates that student learning can be significantly increased by upgrading only their homework problem-solving support. Although Andes is called an intelligent tutoring system, it actually replaces only the students' pencil and paper as they do problem-solving homework. Students do the same problems as before, study the same textbook, and attend the same lectures, labs and recitations. Five years of experimentation at the United States Naval Academy indicates that Andes significantly improves student learning. Andes' key feature appears to be the grain-size of interaction. Whereas most tutoring systems have students enter only the answer to a problem, Andes has students enter a whole derivation, which may consist of many steps, such as drawing vectors, drawing coordinate systems, defining variables and writing equations. Andes gives feedback after each step. When the student asks for help in the middle of problem-solving, Andes gives hints on what's wrong with an incorrect step or on what kind of step to do next. Thus, the grain size of Andes' interaction is a single step in solving the problem, whereas the grain size of a typical tutoring system's interaction is the answer to the problem. This report is a comprehensive description of Andes. It describes Andes' pedagogical principles and features, the system design and implementation, the evaluations of pedagogical effectiveness, and our plans for dissemination.
Singularity: Designing Better Software (Invited Talk)
Authors: James R. Larus
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computer Aided Verification (2008)

Five years ago, frustrated by the never-ending process of finding bugs that developers had cleverly hidden throughout our software, I started a new project with Galen Hunt to rethink what software might look like if it was written, from scratch, with the explicit intent of producing more robust and reliable software artifacts. The Singularity project [1] in Microsoft Research pursued several novel strategies to this end. It has successfully encouraged researchers and product groups to think beyond the straightjacket of time-tested software architectures, to consider new solutions that cross the bounds of academic disciplines such as programming languages, operating systems, and tools.
Multi-hop delay performance in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Yu Chen, Jia Chen, Yang Yang
Venue: Mobile Networks and Applications (2008)

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) technology is an attractive solution to meet the demand of broad-band network access anywhere and anytime. In order to effectively support delay-sensitive applications such as video streaming and interactive gaming in a WMN, it is crucial to develop feasible methodologies and techniques for accurately analyzing, predicting and guaranteeing end-to-end delay performance over multi-hop wireless communication paths. In this paper, we extend the link-layer effective capacity model and derive a lower bound of delay-bound violation probability, or complementary cumulative distribution function, over multi-hop wireless connections. A fluid traffic model with cross traffic and a Rayleigh fading channel with additive Gaussian noise and Doppler spectrum are considered in our study. The average multi-hop delay and jitter performance bounds are also obtained. Analytical results are verified by extensive computer simulations under different traffic load and wireless channel conditions. We find that multi-hop delay performance is much more sensitive to traffic load and maximum Doppler rate than traffic correlation.
Variable scale statistics for cardiac segmentation and shape analysis
Authors: Constantine Aaron Cois
Venue:  (2007)

A novel framework for medical image analysis, known as Shells and Spheres, has been developed by our research lab. This framework utilizes spherical operators of variable radius, centered at each image pixel and sized to reach, but not cross, the nearest boundary. Statistical population tests are performed on the populations of pixels within adjacent spheres to compare image regions across boundaries, delineating both independent image objects and the boundaries between them. This research has focused on developing the Shells and Spheres framework and applying it to the problem of segmentation of anatomical objects. Furthermore, we have rigorously studied the framework and its applications to clinical segmentation, validating and improving our n-dimensional segmentation algorithm. To this end, we have enhanced the original Shells and Spheres segmentation algorithm by adding a priori information, developing techniques for optimizing algorithm parameters, implementing a software platform for experimentation, and performing validation experiments using real 3D ovine cardiac MRI data. The system developed provides automated 3D segmentation given a priori information in the form of a trivial 2D manual training procedure, which involves tracing a single 2D contour from which 3D algorithm parameters are then automatically derived. We apply this system to segmentation of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) to aid in research toward the creation of a Tissue Engineered Pulmonary Valve (TEPV). Experimental methods are presented for the development and validation of the system, as well as a detailed description of the Shells and Spheres framework, our segmentation algorithm, and the clinical significance of this work. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Bruhat order, smooth Schubert varieties, and hyperplane arrangements
Authors: Suho Oh, Alexander Postnikov, Hwanchul Yoo
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A (2008)

The aim of this article is to link Schubert varieties in the flag manifold with hyperplane arrangements. For a permutation, we construct a certain graphical hyperplane arrangement. We show that the generating function for regions of this arrangement coincides with the Poincare polynomial of the corresponding Schubert variety if and only if the Schubert variety is smooth. We give an explicit combinatorial formula for the Poincare polynomial. Our main technical tools are chordal graphs and perfect elimination orderings.
Designing Educational Systems Fit for Use: A Case Study in the Application of Human Centred Design for AIED
Authors: Rosemary Luckin, Joshua Underwood, Benedict du Boulay, Joe Holmberg, Lucinda Kerawalla, Jeanette O'Connor, Hilary Smith, Hilary Tunley
Venue: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (2006)

Designing new educational experiences, which utilize novel technologies, are usable by teachers and learners and integrate well into existing, everyday educational contexts is extremely difficult. In this paper we describe the process of Human Centred Design as a cyclic process of evolution. An initial system design vision is communicated to a range of stakeholders and revised as informed by feedback from these users to produce a modified vision. A cycle of presentations of the vision and modifications lead to the creation of system prototypes that are increasingly grounded in a genuine understanding of user needs and context. The latter stages of this process employ contextually evaluated semi-functional and functional prototypes, associated documentation and an iteratively refined framework for data capture and analysis. We use the HOMEWORK system development as a case study to demonstrate the use of this approach and to illustrate the benefits that user involvement in the design process can bring to bear upon the development of an Interactive Learning Environment. We describe the type of methodology that can help designers to reap these benefits and the resource implications arising from this work. We conclude that the key output from the design process at each phase is more than the latest version of the system prototype and a modified system vision; it is also the analytical methodology that has been iteratively developed in parallel to the system software. It is this meta level analytical map that can add rigor to the design process and help to make the findings generalise beyond the particular users involved in the design process.
Diversity techniques to combat fading in WiMAX
Authors: Abderrahmane Anou, Mustapha Djebari, Merouane Mehdi, Messaoud Bensebti
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Electronics, Hardware, Wireless and Optical Communications (2008)

The IEEE 802.16 standard is often referred to as WiMAX today. It represents a distillation of the most advanced technology and an industry consensus permitting equipment interoperability. It holds the promise of delivering high speed internet access to business and residential customers and to remote locations where traditional broadband services are unavailable. In the present work, the PHY specified for the Wireless MAN-OFDM case is studied and implemented. Various modulation techniques involved are explored and each of the performances enhancing techniques is evaluated with regard to its functionality in the system. The simulation results show that the Space-Frequency Coded system coupled with Reed-Solomon codes and Convolutional codes efficiently exploits diversity techniques.
Developments in micro-electron beam welding
Authors: U. Reisgen, T. Dorfm&#x00fc;ller
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2008)

At the ISF (Joining and Welding Institute, RWTH Aachen University) the long-established electron beam (EB) welding process is investigated to meet the requirements of the field of micro-applications. A modified LEO ZEISS DSM 962 scanning electron microscope (SEM) is being used as a Micro-EB welding machine. The diameter of the beam in welding mode is about 20 &#x03bc;m, with a maximum beam power of 6 Watt at 30 kV acceleration voltage. The process-specific advantages, such as the inertia-free movement of the tool electron beam, the very small beam diameter, the clean room environment which is due to processing in a vacuum (no shielding gas needed) and the excellent applicability for visual quality control offer the best preconditions for hybrid micro-assembly purposes. If the technology is down-scaled to a micro-level, physical effects occur whose consequences must be met with new approaches of solution. Joining of micro-components presupposes optimal contact conditions. If the micro-components are of a flexible type, those optimal conditions are difficult to implement. The ratio of forces during the joining process and also the low stiffness of the components which is due to the small dimensions require, on the one hand, the application of a suitable handling technique or, on the other hand, a specific beam manipulation strategy. Especially in the field of micro-applications, the possibility to exert influence on the thermal distortion by symmetrical heating and solidification processes is of particular importance. Therefore, the reproducibility of the welded joints is one of the great challenges in the field of microwelding. The investigations and developments done at the ISF show successful results in joining stainless steel sheet materials down to 30 &#x03bc;m thickness and steel wire down to 50 &#x03bc;m in diameter, whereas other materials (Tungsten, Aluminum, Titanium, Nickel) are under investigation.
Overview of the Answer Validation Exercise 2007
Authors: Anselmo Peñas, Álvaro Rodrigo, Felisa Verdejo
Venue: Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval: 8th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2007, Budapest, Hungary, September 19-21, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (2008)

The Answer Validation Exercise at the Cross Language Evaluation Forum is aimed at developing systems able to decide whether the answer of a Question Answering system is correct or not. We present here the exercise description, the changes in the evaluation methodology with respect to the first edition, and the results of this second edition (AVE 2007). The changes in the evaluation methodology had two objectives: the first one was to quantify the gain in performance when more sophisticated validation modules are introduced in QA systems. The second objective was to bring systems based on Textual Entailment to the Automatic Hypothesis Generation problem which is not part itself of the Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE) task but a need of the Answer Validation setting. 9 groups have participated with 16 runs in 4 different languages. Compared with the QA systems, the results show an evidence of the potential gain that more sophisticated AV modules introduce in the task of QA.