ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Research Strategies Used by OR/MS Workers: Extension of the Analysis of U.S. Flagship Journals to the United Kingdom
Authors: Richard Ormerod, Panagiota Delibassi, Clare Morris
Venue: Operations Research (2000)

Reisman and Kirschnick (1995) have defined seven process categories among OR/MS research strategies and analysed the contents of U.S. flagship OR/MS journals in 1992 to examine how often OR/MS workers use these processes. We have applied their method of analysis to the 1994 contents of the U.K. flagship journal, theJournal of the Operational Research Society. As well as providing some insight into the nature of OR/MS research in the United Kingdom, the results enable a comparison to be made with the results from the U.S. flagship journals. The findings confirm that the ripple process is dominantly used in theoretical research, and the transfer-of-technology process is the one most frequently used in true applications in the United Kingdom as well as the United States. Because the literature is dominated by theoretical research using a ripple strategy, the discrimination achieved by the classification is limited. To provide further discrimination an alternative categorisation is used to analyse the nature of research output, distinguishing between the object (material, social, personal) and the objective (knowledge, function, purpose) of the research. The paper proposes that the analysis of the content of research, using a method such as Reisman and Kirschnick's categorisation, could be used for the evaluation of OR/MS research output to complement citation analysis and peer reviews.
c-Extensions of the F4(2)-building
Authors: A. A. Ivanov, D. V. Pasechnik
Venue: Discrete Mathematics (2003)

We construct four geometries E1,...,E4 with the diagram such that any two elements of type 1 are incident to at most one common element of type 2 and three elements of type 1 are pairwise incident to common elements of type 2 if and only if they are incident to a common element of type 5. The automorphism group Ei of Ei is flag-transitive, isomorphic to 2E6(2) : 2, 3.2 E6(2):2, 226 :F4(2) and E6(2):2, for i = 1, 2, 3 and 4. We calculate the suborbit diagram of the collinearity graph of Ei with respect to the action of Ei. By considering the elements in Ei fixed by a subgroup Ti of order 3 in Ei we obtain four geometries J1,...,j4 with the diagram on which CE i(Ti) induces flag-transitive action, isomorphic to U6(2):2, 3.U6(2):2, 214 :Sp6(2) and L6(2):2 for i = 1,2,3 and 4. Next, by considering the elements fixed by a subgroup Si of order 7 in Ei we obtain four geometries with the diagram on which CEi(Si) induces flag-transitive action isomorphic to L3(4):2, 3 .L3(4):2, 28 :L3(2) and (L3(2) × L3(2)):2, for i = 1,2,3 and 4.
A concept-based model to facilitate automated negotiation in multi-agent systems
Authors: Simon Fong, Sofia Zhuang
Venue: Second international workshop on Intelligent systems design and application (2002)

A refined model for automated negotiation with reference to how we human perceive different concepts for the same product is examined in this paper. In multi-agent e-commerce environments, the requesting proposal from an agent is usually composed of attributes and weights that define the criteria and the preferences. Such a proposal is then posted to an electronic market place for matchmaking. When an agent finds no exact match, the proposal will be taken back, revised and re-submitted again. This process will continue as long as it takes. In most scenarios, we suppose that the requesters would already have the alternatives in their mind in case of no exact match. The concept-based model that we proposed allows requesters first specify their requirements and the alternatives altogether, in one proposal, before it is sent out to the e-marketplace. The alternatives are defined according to the different concepts that can possibly be perceived on a product. Different attributes may lead to different concepts under which the values of most attributes and weights may have to be changed. It is believed that by incorporating with the alternatives in the proposals, negotiation time could be shortened by saving some communication costs.
Quantum leaps in computing
Authors: Ubiquity staff
Venue: Ubiquity (2002)

John P. Hayes on the next killer app, entangled states, and the end of Moore's Law.
Using reinforcement learning to introduce artificial intelligence in the CS curriculum
Authors: Scott M. Thede
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2002)

There are many interesting topics in artificial intelligence that would be useful to stimulate student interest at various levels of the computer science curriculum. They can also be used to illustrate some basic concepts of computer science, such as arrays. One such topic is reinforcement learning - teaching a computer program how to play a game or traverse an environment using a system of rewards and punishments. There are reinforcement learning projects that can be used at all levels of the computer science curriculum. This paper describes a few examples of reinforcement learning and how they might be used.
Managing power and performance for System-on-Chip designs using Voltage Islands
Authors: David E. Lackey, Paul S. Zuchowski, Thomas R. Bednar, Douglas W. Stout, Scott W. Gould, John M. Cohn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

This paper discusses Voltage Islands, a system architecture and chip implementation methodology, that can be used to dramatically reduce active and static power consumption for System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. As technology scales for increased circuit density and performance, the need to reduce power consumption increases in significance as designers strive to utilize the advancing silicon capabilities. The consumer product market further drives the need to minimize chip power consumption.Effective use of Voltage Islands for meeting SoC power and performance requirements, while meeting Time to Market (TAT) demands, requires novel approaches throughout the design flow as well as special circuit components and chip powering structures. This paper outlines methods being used today to design Voltage Islands in a rapid-TAT product development environment, and discusses the need for industry EDA advances to create an industry-wide Voltage Island design capability.
Decomposition formulas of zeta functions of graphs and digraphs
Authors: Iwao Sato
Venue: Discrete Mathematics (2003)

We give a decomposition formula of the zeta function of a regular covering of a graph G with respect to equivalence classes of prime, reduced cycles of G. Furthermore, we give a decomposition formula of the zeta function of g-cyclic Γ-cover of a symmetric digraph D with respect to equivalence classes of prime cycles of D, for any finite group Γ and g ∈ Γ.
Notes on constructing a parallel computing platform
Authors: Jodie Kok, Elizabeth Elzinga, Greg Wolffe
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2001)

Parallel computing is an interesting and important topic that spans several different areas of the computer science curriculum, such as networking, architecture and programming. With the proliferation of open-source software and the availability of inexpensive computer components, it has now become feasible for small colleges and non-research institutions to create parallel computing platforms. In this article we describe the construction of a dedicated computing cluster and the educational benefits obtained by doing so.
State digital library usability: contributing organizational factors
Authors: Hong Xie, Dietmar Wolfram
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2002)

Usage and user feedback about a state digital library, in which the developers/designers, content providers, different types of libraries and their staffs, and a variety of user groups represent a loose federation of separate organizations with diverse expectations and needs, are investigated. Through corroboratory evidence from usage statistics of Internet-based database services available through the digital library, responses to a statewide-administered library survey, and a Web-based survey of end users, the authors identify contributing factors for the organizational usability of state digital libraries. The authors refine and enhance an organizational usability model for the unique environment of state digital libraries and identify three modes of interaction (influence, communication, activity) and the challenges each interaction presents: in addressing diverse player needs and expectations; the unequal awareness and training in using state digital libraries; and the lack of sufficient communication channels among players. In addition, the findings highlight the double-edged impact of physical libraries on the state digital library.
Fault-Tolerant Virtual Path Layout in ATM Networks
Authors: Michael O. Ball, Andrew Vakhutinsky
Venue: INFORMS Journal on Computing (2000)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a communications architecture for the provision of broadband integrated services digital networks. Two fundamental features of ATM networks are hierarchical routing and statistical multiplexing. This paper addresses the problem of laying out virtual paths (VPs), which are logical network links that provide direct connections between certain nodes. A bi-criteria integer-programming model is developed that includes a throughput-maximization objective, a delay/overhead minimization objective, and a diversity constraint whereby link-disjoint VPs are found so as to provide fault tolerance. The formulation employs a new model for approximating the effects of statistical multiplexing. An approximate solution method is developed, which employs constraint generation for bound tightening, and heuristics based on rounding of a linear programming solution.
Use of Or Systems in the Chilean Forest Industries
Authors: Rafael Epstein, Ramiro Morales, Jorge Seron, Andres Weintraub
Venue: Interfaces (1999)

The Chilean forestry sector is composed of private firms that combine large timber-land holdings of mostly pine plantations and so me eucalyptus with sawmills and pulp plants. Since1988, to compete in the world market, the main Chilean forest firms, which have sales of about $1 billion, have started implementing OR models developed jointly with academics from the University of Chile. These systems support decisions ondaily truck scheduling, short-term harvesting, location of harvesting machinery and access roads, and medium- and long-term forest planning. Approaches used in solving these complex problems include simulation, linear programming withcolumn generation, mixed-integer LP formulations, and heuristic methods. The systems have led to a change in organizational decision making and to estimated gains of at least US $20 million per year.
Single-machine scheduling with periodic maintenance and nonresumable jobs
Authors: C. J. Liao, W. J. Chen
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2003)

We study a single-machine scheduling problem where periodic maintenance is required in a complete schedule. Although the scheduling problem with maintenance has attracted some researchers' attention, most of them consider only one maintenance period. In this paper, several maintenance periods are under consideration where each maintenance is required after a periodic time interval. Specifically, the problem is to minimize the maximum tardiness with periodic maintenance and nonresumable jobs. A branch-and-bound algorithm that utilizes several inherent theorems is developed to derive the optimal schedule for the problem. To solve large-sized problems, a heuristic is also developed. Computational results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heuristic.
A two-dimensional finite volume method for transient simulation of time- and scale-dependent transport in heterogeneous aquifer systems
Authors: F. Liu, I. Turner, V. Anh, N. Su
Venue: The Korean Journal of Computational Applied Mathematics (2003)

In this paper, solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers using a modified Fokker-Planck equation (MFPE) is investigated. This newly developed mathematical model is characterised with a time-, scale-dependent dispersivity. A two-dimensional finite volume quadrilateral mesh method (FVQMM) based on a quadrilateral background interpolation mesh is developed for analysing the model. The FVQMM transforms the coupled non-linear partial differential equations into a system of differential equations, which is solved using backward differentiation formulae of order one through five in order to advance the solution in time. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the model verification and utility. Henry's classic benchmark problem is used to show that the MFPE captures significant features of transport phenomena in heterogeneous porous media including enhanced transport of salt in the upper layer due to its parameters that represent the dependence of transport processes on scale and time. The time and scale effects are investigated. Numerical results are compared with published results on the same problems.
RBF neural networks for classification using new kernel functions
Authors: Hamparsum Bozdogan, Zhenqiu Liu
Venue: Second international workshop on Intelligent systems design and application (2002)

In this paper, we introduce a new class of kernel functions1 and try to combine kmean, EM, and new kernels together. The resulting network is easy to use , and has favorable classification accuracy. Experiments show that our new model has better performance than traditional RBF neural networks and is super compared with MLP and other nonparametric classification tools.
The design context of concurrent computation systems
Authors: JoAnn M. Paul, Christopher M. Eatedali, Donald E. Thomas
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on Hardware/software codesign (2002)

Design for performance-optimization of programmable, semicustom SoCs requires the ability to model and optimize the behavior of the system as a whole. Neither the hardware-testbench style nor the software-benchmark style is adequate to capture completely the design interactions required in concurrent software-on-hardware systems. We use a formal relationship between a computer system design content and its external context to motivate the need to consider a more effective modeling framework to which concurrent software-on-hardware computer systems are designed.
Interaction techniques and applications for peephole displays
Authors: Ka-Ping Yee
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This demonstration presents several interaction techniques enabled by Peephole Displays, an interface metaphor based on situating information in physical space and providing a movable window on the space. Using a Peephole Display, it is possible to browse a large map using one hand, to draw objects larger than the screen, and to perform drag-and-drop in 3-D. Example applications that exploit these techniques are shown.
Supply Contract Competition and Sourcing Policies
Authors: Wedad J. Elmaghraby
Venue: Manufacturing Service Operations Management (2000)

Advances in information technology have opened new venues for companies to create flexible supply chains by offering high-speed communication and tight connectivity. A growing number of companies are taking advantage of new opportunities to outsource portions of their production and other operations. Given the importance of the supplier selection process in the ultimate success of a product, a purchasing manager must understand the different sourcing strategies that she or he can use and the suitability of each sourcing arrangements for her or him. This paper provides an overview of the research that has been done in the fields of operations research and economics on the topic of sourcing strategies. In aggregate, this paper provides a blueprint of what market characteristics can heavily influence a buyer-supplier relationship and, hence, are important to identify and incorporate into the supplier selection process.
A Network Based Model for Traffic Sensor Location with Implications on O/D Matrix Estimates
Authors: Lucio Bianco, Giuseppe Confessore, Pierfrancesco Reverberi
Venue: Transportation Science (2001)

In this paper, we define and solve the sensor location problem (SLP), that is, we look for the minimum number and location of counting points in order to infer all traffic flows in a transport network. We set up a couple of greedy heuristics that find lower and upper bounds on the number of sensors for a set of randomly generated networks. We prove that solving the SLP implies that the Origin/Destination (O/D) matrix estimation error be always bounded. With respect to alternative sensor location strategies, simulation experiments show that: (i) measurement costs being equal, the O/D estimation error is lower, and (ii) conversely, O/D estimation error being equal, the number of sensors is smaller.
When Hot and Cold Collide in Radical Change Processes: Lessons from Community Development
Authors: C. Marlene Fiol, Edward J. O'Connor
Venue: Organization Science (2002)

A group's tendency to protect its identity often inhibits it from initiating radical change. For this reason, external interventions are typically needed to engage a group in reexamining and moving beyond its current identity. If threatened by these external interventions, however, identity beliefs can become emotionally heated and resistant to the cognitively rational efforts of outsiders. At the same time, the insider group's emotional energy is essential to mobilize and sustain radical change. This paper draws on community development theories and practices, as well as identity theories, to develop a model that traces the dynamic processes by which hot emotional interpretations and relatively colder cognitive interpretations interact to initiate, mobilize, and sustain radical change. It highlights the roles that emotion and cognition play as both barriers and essential facilitators of the change at different stages of the process, and proposes a set of strategies for managing them.
WaveCluster: a wavelet-based clustering approach for spatial data in very large databases
Authors: Gholamhosein Sheikholeslami, Surojit Chatterjee, Aidong Zhang
Venue: The VLDB Journal &mdash; The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases (2000)

Many applications require the management of spatial data in a multidimensional feature space. Clustering large spatial databases is an important problem, which tries to find the densely populated regions in the feature space to be used in data mining, knowledge discovery, or efficient information retrieval. A good clustering approach should be efficient and detect clusters of arbitrary shape. It must be insensitive to the noise (outliers) and the order of input data. We propose WaveCluster, a novel clustering approach based on wavelet transforms, which satisfies all the above requirements. Using the multiresolution property of wavelet transforms, we can effectively identify arbitrarily shaped clusters at different degrees of detail. We also demonstrate that WaveCluster is highly efficient in terms of time complexity. Experimental results on very large datasets are presented, which show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the other recent clustering methods.
Finding the Pareto-optima for the total and maximum tardiness single machine problem
Authors: R. Tadei, A. Grosso, F. Della Croce
Venue: Discrete Applied Mathematics (2002)

The paper deals with the single machine scheduling problem where both total and maximum tardiness musl be mimmized. The ε-constraint approach is adopted to search for all the Pareto-optima, leading to cope with a total tardiness problem with deadlines. This latter problem is studied, identifying several dominance properties, decomposition rules and polynomially and pseudopolynomially solvable cases. A branch and bound algorithm for finding the Pareto-optima is proposed and computational results are reported for instances up to 70 jobs in size.
Are Firms Superior to Alliances and Markets? An Empirical Test of Cross-Border Knowledge Building
Authors: Paul Almeida, Jaeyong Song, Robert M. Grant
Venue: Organization Science (2002)

Are multinational corporations (MNCs) superior to strategic alliances and markets in facilitating the flow of knowledge across borders? If so, what are the sources of this superiority? Despite their central importance to the theory and practice of international management, these questions have not been directly tested. Our paper seeks to address this gap in empirical research.Drawing upon recent research on multinational corporations and the knowledge-based view of the firm, we develop hypotheses regarding the relative superiority of alternative institutional arrangements as regards cross-border knowledge building. Analysis of patent citations by semiconductor companies points to the superiority of multinational firms over both alliances and markets in cross-border knowledge building. Interviews with engineers and managers in MNCs point to the intertwining of codified and tacit knowledge and; therefore, the need for both formal and informal mechanisms for successful knowledge building. Our findings suggest that the superiority of MNCs stems from the firms' ability to use multiple mechanisms of knowledge transfer flexibly and simultaneously to move, integrate, and develop technical knowledge. Our research, therefore, suggests that the challenge of knowledge management for MNCs extends beyond the creation of international information systems, to the design of organizational structures, systems, and culture capable of supporting the flow of knowledge.
A new all-weather passive sampling system for monitoring air pollutants in the atmosphere to support model developments
Authors: H. Tang, L. Lin, B. Brassard
Venue: Development and application of computer techniques to environmental studies (2002)

A new Maxxam all-weather passive air sampling system (PASS) is introduced in this paper. The PASS can be used to quantitatively and accurately monitor SO2, NO2, O3 and H2S in air in all weather conditions with flexible exposure times from several hours to several months. The air pollution detection limits of PASS are very low. It can be from sub ppb to ppt levels. The PASS for SO2 has been used in studying an acid dry deposition model. Details of the study are discussed in this paper.
Design and Implementation of a Java-based Meeting Space over Internet
Authors: Lee Bu-Sung, Yeo Chai Kiat, Soon Ing Yann, Lee Keok Kee, Sun Wei
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications (2003)

This paper describes the implementation of Java Meeting Space (JMS), a generic, extensible framework and environment for developing synchronous collaborative applications. The JMS framework is based on a fully object-oriented replicated architecture where the application instances and management services are all replicated at each site. JMS provides basic CSCW coordination services: session management and dynamic floor control services. As a framework, it provides a set of programming interfaces that allow an application developer to take advantage of coordination services in the runtime environment.