ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An Implementation of a General Purpose Attentional Mechanism for Artificial Organisms
Authors: J. L. Crespo, A. Faiña, R. J. Duro
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international work-conference on Nature Inspired Problem-Solving Methods in Knowledge Engineering: Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, Part II (2007)

Attention is a mechanism present in most of the more complex and developed living beings. It is responsible for much of their ability to operate in real time in unstructured and dynamic environments with a limited amount of processing resources. In this paper, an architecture for developing attentional functions in agents is presented. This architecture is based on the concept of attentor and it allows for the real time adaptation to the environment and tasks to be performed in a natural manner. One of the main requirements of the system was the ability to handle different sensorial varieties and attentional streams in a transparent manner while, at the same time, being able to progressively create more complex attentional structures. The main characteristics of the architecture are presented through its implementation in a real robot.
The influence of solvent on the two-photon absorption cross section and hyperpolarizability of molecules exhibiting large solvatochromic shifts
Authors: Wojciech Bartkowiak, Bartłomiej Skwara, Robert Zaleśny
Venue: Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (2004)

A theoretical approach to the effect of influence of solute/solvent interaction on the electronic contributions to the two-photon absorption cross section (&delta;) is presented. The solvent effect was included via a discrete quantum-mechanical Langevin dipoles/Monte Carlo method. The calculations of &delta; were performed for the first excited singlet state connected with the intramolecular charge transfer (CT). The results of calculations demonstrate the existence of the significant solvent effect on the two-photon absorption cross section (&delta;) of the charge-transfer chromophore (p-nitroaniline) exhibiting large solvatochromic shifts. The results of quantum-chemical calculations are analyzed based on the simple two-state model.
Fighting Epidemics in the Information and Knowledge Age
Authors: Hai Zhuge, Xiaoqing Shi
Venue: Computer (2003)

Since its initial outbreak, scientists have sought to control the severe acute respiratorysyndrome epdemic. So far, though, these SARS researchers have paid too little attention to the complex relationships between the epidemic, the environment, and our Information and Knowledge Age society. Fortunately, information technology can help scientists investigate the epidemic's cause and unveil its relevant principles and rules.
Critical Review of the Blended Learning Models Based on Maslow's and Vygotsky's Educational Theory
Authors: Esyin Chew, Norah Jones, David Turner
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Hybrid Learning and Education (2008)

Blended learning involves the combination of two fields of concern: education and educational technology. To gain the scholarly recognition from educationists, it is necessary to revisit its models and educational theory underpinned. This paper respond to this issue by reviewing models related to blended learning based on two prominent educational theorists, Maslow's and Vygotsky's view. Four models were chosen due to their holistic ideas or vast citations related to blended learning: (1) E-Moderation Model emerging from Open University of UK; (2) Learning Ecology Model by Sun Microsoft System; (3) Blended Learning Continuum in University of Glamorgan; and (4) Inquiry-based Framework by Garrison and Vaughan. The discussion of each model concerning pedagogical impact to learning and teaching are made. Critical review of the models in accordance to Maslow or Vygotsky is argued. Such review is concluded with several key principles for the design and practice in blended learning.
Position Error Inspection for Mounting Wafer in Cleaning Device
Authors: Jung Woo Lee, Liliana, Byung-Gook Lee, Joon-Jae Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Fifth International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (2008)

Recently, many inspection systems are using computer vision technology. We also use computer vision to recognize the position error for mounting a wafer in a cleaning process of the semiconductor production processes. The robot moves wafer to the cleaning chamber. But sometime, the robot puts the wafer into an incorrect location. In this case, incorrect position becomes cause of the cleaning system trouble or the wafer's broken. In this paper, we propose a position error recognition system using multiple cameras based on Giga Ethernet in multi-cleaning system. This is carried out by capturing image by high frame rate, followed by doing calibration and image processing to check the wafer's position before the cleaning process starts. If the robot puts the wafer in the incorrect location, the machine stops the cleaning process. So, we can prevent the wafer from being broken or the machine from being disturbing the cleaning process.
Dynamic scheduling of multi-media streams in home automation systems
Authors: Koen Vangheluwe, Wouter Souffriau, Katja Verbeeck, Patrick De Causmaecker
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: demo papers (2008)

A new trend in home automation is to integrate audio en video applications. However in current domotics systems, these are usually conFigured statically. We implemented a home automation tool that dynamically (re)schedules bandwidth for different types of multimedia streams with different constraints toward latency and quality. The dynamic scheduling problem was implemented using distributed agents negotiating for bandwidth using the contract-net negotation protocol.
Lessons learned at 208K: towards debugging millions of cores
Authors: Gregory L. Lee, Dong H. Ahn, Dorian C. Arnold, Bronis R. de Supinski, Matthew Legendre, Barton P. Miller, Martin Schulz, Ben Liblit
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2008)

Petascale systems will present several new challenges to performance and correctness tools. Such machines may contain millions of cores, requiring that tools use scalable data structures and analysis algorithms to collect and to process application data. In addition, at such scales, each tool itself will become a large parallel application - already, debugging the full Blue-Gene/L (BG/L) installation at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory requires employing 1664 tool daemons. To reach such sizes and beyond, tools must use a scalable communication infrastructure and manage their own tool processes efficiently. Some system resources, such as the file system, may also become tool bottlenecks. In this paper, we present challenges to petascale tool development, using the Stack Trace Analysis Tool (STAT) as a case study. STAT is a lightweight tool that gathers and merges stack traces from a parallel application to identify process equivalence classes. We use results gathered at thousands of tasks on an Infiniband cluster and results up to 208K processes on BG/L to identify current scalability issues as well as challenges that will be faced at the petascale. We then present implemented solutions to these challenges and show the resulting performance improvements. We also discuss future plans to meet the debugging demands of petascale machines.
Novelty Detection in Time Series Through Self-Organizing Networks: An Empirical Evaluation of Two Different Paradigms
Authors: Leonardo Aguayo, Guilherme A. Barreto
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 10th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks (2008)

This paper addresses the issue of novelty or anomaly detection in time series data. The problem may be interpreted as a spatio-temporal classification procedure where current time series observation is labeled as normal or novel/abnormal according to a decision rule. In this work, the construction of the decision rules is formulated by means of two different self-organizing neural network (SONN) paradigms: one builds decision thresholds from quantization errors and the other one from prediction errors. Simulations with synthetic and real-world data show the feasibility of the two approaches.
Document logs: a distributed approach to metadata for better security and flexibility
Authors: Michael Gormish, Greg Wolff, Kurt Piersol, Peter Hart
Venue: Proceeding of the eighth ACM symposium on Document engineering (2008)

A document log is an ordered list of entries providing a history for any sort of media or file, just as a logfile provides a history of a computer program and a logbook provides a history of a journey. The history of a document may consist of copyright information, approvals, annotations, or any sort of metadata. This paper describes a metadata architecture using Content Based Identifiers and Document Logs that facilitates location of metadata from distributed sources, caching, ordering of log entries, and detection of changes in metadata or documents. The techniques used complement existing metadata format standards and are contrasted with storage of metadata in a file or document management system.
Principal Geodesic Analysis for the Study of Nonlinear Minimum Description Length
Authors: Zihua Su, Tryphon Lambrou, Andrew Todd-Pokropek
Venue: Medical Imaging and Informatics: 2nd International Conference, MIMI 2007, Beijing, China, August 14-16, 2007 Revised Selected Papers (2008)

The essential goal for Statistical Shape Model (SSM) is to describe and extract the shape variations from the landmarks cloud. A standard technique for such variation extraction is by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). However, PCA assumes that variations are linear in Euclidean vector space, which is not true or insufficient on many medical data. Therefore, we developed a new Geodesic Active Shape (GAS) mode by using Principal Geodesic Analysis (PGA) as an alternative of PCA. The new GAS model is combined with Minimum Description Length approach to find correspondence points across datasets automatically. The results are compared between original MDL and our proposed GAS MDL approach by using the measure of Specificity. Our preliminary results showed that our proposed GAS model achieved better scores on both datasets. Therefore, we conclude that our GAS model can capture shape variations reasonably more specifically than the original Active Shape Model (ASM). Further, analysis on the study of facial profiles dataset showed that our GAS model did not encounter the so-called "Pile Up" problem, whereas original MDL did.
Hyperintensional Questions
Authors: Carl Pollard
Venue: Proceedings of the 15th international workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (2008)

It has been known for decades that Montague's (1974 [1970]) possible-worlds semantics, which follows Kripke 1963 in treating worlds as unanalyzed primitives and propositions as sets of worlds, does not provide enough meaning distinctions to make correct predictions about a wide range of natural-language entailment patterns. This granularity problem, as it has come to be known, has many dimensions, of which the best known is that two declarative sentences which entail each other must express the same proposition. This is because entailment is modelled by the subset inclusion relation on the powerset of the set of propositions, and that relation is irretrievably antisymmetric. The most notorious consequence of this antisymmetry of entailment is the so-called logical omniscience problem, that (assuming knowledge is a relation between individuals and propositions) anyone who knows at least one necessary truth (e.g. that s/he is self-identical, or that two is even) must know every necessary truth, even an unresolved mathematical conjecture or its denial (whichever is true). Thus, e.g. if Paris Hilton knows that Paris Hilton is Paris Hilton, then she must also know that every nontrivial zero of the zeta-function has real part 1/2, if that is indeed the case, or else she must know that this is not the case, if indeed it is not. In short, it seems to be a consequence of MS that a celebrity hotel heiress devoted to parties and shopping knows whether the Riemann Hypothesis is true. This is just one of the unsavory consequences of MS.
Multiresolution Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Block Modeling and Probabilistic Model
Authors: Chenglin Wen, Jingli Gao
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks (2008)

One new multi-resolution image fusion algorithm based on probabilistic model, block modeling, and wavelet transform is presented here. First, the multisensor images are decomposed into multiple subimages which form a multiresolution pyramid via wavelet transform. Second, the obtained multiple subimages are modeled by block-stack modeling method, then the E-M algorithm is used to get the model parameters. Third, in each level the block fusion estimates of subimages can be obtained according to maximum a posterior method along with the above model and constructed to form subimages. Finally, the image that fused all images is achieved by taking the inverse wavelet transform of all subimages in each level. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Probabilistic Argumentation Systems with Decision Variables
Authors: Bernhard Anrig, Dalia Baziukaitė
Venue: Informatica (2005)

The general concept of probabilistic argumentation systems PAS is restricted to the two types of variables: assumptions, which model the uncertain part of the knowledge, and propositions, which model the rest of the information. Here, we introduce a third kind into PAS: so-called decision variables. This new kind allows to describe the decisions a user can make to react on some state of the system. Such a decision allows then possibly to reach a certain goal state of the system. Further, we present an algorithm, which exploits the special structure of PAS with decision variables. Some results related with this paper were published in (Anrig and Baziukait&edot;, 2003a).
System Demonstration of Spiral: Generator for High-Performance Linear Transform Libraries
Authors: Yevgen Voronenko, Franz Franchetti, Frédéric Mesmay, Markus Püschel
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology (2008)

We demonstrate Spiral, a domain-specific library generation system. Spiral generates high performance source code for linear transforms (such as the discrete Fourier transform and many others) directly from a problem specification. The key idea underlying Spiral is to perform automatic reasoning and optimizations at a high abstraction level using the mathematical, declarative domain-specific languages SPL and Σ-SPL and a rigorous rewriting framework. Optimization includes various forms of parallelization. Even though Spiral provides complete automation, its generated libraries often run faster than any existing hand-written code.
Topographic Infomax in a Neural Multigrid
Authors: James Kozloski, Guillermo Cecchi, Charles Peck, A. Ravishankar Rao
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Neural Networks: Part II--Advances in Neural Networks (2007)

We introduce an information maximizing neural network that employs only local learning rules, simple activation functions, and feedback in its functioning. The network consists of an input layer, an output layer that can be overcomplete, and a set of auxiliary layers comprising feed-forward, lateral, and feedback connecwtions. The auxiliary layers implement a novel "neural multigrid," and each computes a Fourier mode of a key infomax learning vector. Initially, a partial multigrid computes only low frequency modes of this learning vector, resulting in a spatially correlated topographic map. As higher frequency modes of the learning vector are gradually added, an infomax solution emerges, maximizing the entropy of the output without disrupting the map's topographic order. When feed-forward and feedback connections to the neural multigrid are passed through a nonlinear activation function, infomax emerges in a phase-independent topographic map. Information rates estimated by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) are comparable to those of standard infomax, indicating the neural multigrid successfully imposes a topographic order on the optimal infomax-derived bases.
Automatically Detecting Members and Instrumentation of Music Bands Via Web Content Mining
Authors: Markus Schedl, Gerhard Widmer
Venue: Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics: 5th International Workshop, AMR 2007, Paris, France, July 5-6, 2007 Revised Selected Papers (2007)

In this paper, we present an approach to automatically detecting music band members and instrumentation using web content mining techniques. To this end, we combine a named entity detection method with a rule-based linguistic text analysis approach extended by a rule filtering step. We report on the results of different evaluation experiments carried out on two test collections of bands covering a wide range of popularities. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using precision and recall measures. We further investigate the influence of different query schemes for the web page retrieval, of a critical parameter used in the rule filtering step, and of different string matching functions which are applied to deal with inconsistent spelling of band members.
EMTV --- A Component-Based DTV Middleware Extension for Educational Purposes
Authors: Juliano Rodrigues Costa, Vicente Ferreira Lucena,  Jr.
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Changing Television Environments (2008)

This work introduces a software framework called "Extended Middleware for Digital TV (EMTV)" which is suitable for the generation of interactive applications executed over digital television systems. Its concept was developed focusing on the Brazilian technological options for Digital TV. Technically, EMTV is a procedural GEM compliant application which, from the programmer's point of view, acts as a declarative middleware extension. The framework was developed to be component-based in order to minimize the need for programming knowledge to deploy the digital TV applications using EMTV. The main goal of the platform is to facilitate the construction of interactive educational applications, a crucial field for the Brazilian population. The concept is tested and validated by the construction of a Quiz application presented at the end of the paper.
Requirements for Rich Internet Application Design Methodologies
Authors: Jevon M. Wright, Jens B. Dietrich
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2008)

Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) are quickly becoming the de facto standard for interactive web applications on the Internet, featuring rich interfaces that increase user usability and efficiency. These technologies increase the complexity of implementing web applications, making it difficult to address non-functional requirements such as application quality and reliability. There is much activity in developing modelling languages for web applications, but RIAs introduce additional concerns for application developers. Without identifying the requirements of interactive web applications, we cannot quantitatively compare different formal methodologies nor suggest they are robust enough for industry.In this paper we present a comprehensive list of web application modelling requirements, derived from previous work and existing real-world interactive web applications. We use these requirements to then propose an industry-inspired benchmarking application, which allows us to evaluate approaches to handling the complexity of modelling real-world applications.
Image Processing of Discharge Pattern by Spatial Fourier Transform Method
Authors: Xuechen Li, Na Zhao, Zengqian Yin, Tongzhen Fang, Long Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, Vol. 4 - Volume 04 (2008)

In this paper, the method of Spatial Fourier Transform has been used to investigate the pattern formation dynamics in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system. With this method, patterns formed in the DBD system can be transformed into smooth frequency spectrum. The frequency constitution of discharge pattern can be analyzed. In our experiment mixed gas of 96% Ar and 4% air at 0.9 atm is used as working gas. The experimental results show that the discharge pattern with increasing the applied voltage undergoes a scenario: stochastic discharge filaments, hexagon pattern, square pattern, honeycomb structure. The different kinds of patterns were transformed into Fourier space by two-dimension Spatial Fourier Transform. The spectra of patterns were given and analyzed in this paper. It was found that different discharge patterns correspond to different frequency spectrum, furthermore, the better the stability of the pattern, the clearer the frequency spectrum. Therefore, the pattern transition procedure from one discharge pattern to another can also be studied by the frequency spectrum. Consequently, Spatial Fourier Transform is a better method to research the pattern formation dynamics in gas discharge system.
A Counterexample-Guided Approach to Parameter Synthesis for Linear Hybrid Automata
Authors: Goran Frehse, Sumit Kumar Jha, Bruce H. Krogh
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (2008)

Our goal is to find the set of parameters for which a given linear hybrid automaton does not reach a given set of bad states. The problem is known to be semi-solvable (if the algorithm terminates the result is correct) by introducing the parameters as state variables and computing the set of reachable states. This is usually too expensive, however, and in our experiments only possible for very simple systems with few parameters. We propose an adaptation of counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) with which one can obtain an underapproximation of the set of good parameters using linear programming. The adaptation is generic and can be applied on top of any CEGAR method where the counterexamples correspond to paths in the concrete system. For each counterexample, the cost incurred by underapproximating the parameters is polynomial in the number of variables, parameters, and the length of counterexample. We identify a syntactic condition for which the approach is complete in the sense that the underapproximation is empty only if the problem has no solution. Experimental results are provided for two CEGAR methods, a simple discrete version and iterative relaxation abstraction (IRA), both of which show a drastic improvement in performance compared to standard reachability.
Teleoperation of a Robot Using a Haptic Device with Different Kinematics
Authors: César Peña, Rafael Aracil, Roque Saltaren
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios (2008)

This paper presents a bilateral control method by state convergence for teleoperation systems where the master and slave robots do not necessarily have homothetic kinematics. This method uses a virtual robot to relate the kinematics of the master and slave robots. An application of this type of control is also presented in which a robot of three degrees of freedom is teleoperated by using a commercial haptic device with six degrees of freedom.