ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of test cases from Boolean specifications using the MUMCUT strategy
Authors: Yuen Tak Yu, Man Fai Lau, Tsong Yueh Chen
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2006)

A recent theoretical study has proved that the MUMCUT testing strategy (1) guarantees to detect seven types of fault in Boolean specifications in irredundant disjunctive normal form, and (2) requires only a subset of the test sets that satisfy the previously proposed MAX-A and MAX-B strategies, which can detect the same types of fault. This paper complements previous work by investigating various methods for the automatic generation of test cases to satisfy the MUMCUT strategy. We evaluate these methods by using several sets of Boolean expressions, including those derived from real airborne software systems. Our results indicate that the greedy CUN and UCN methods are clearly better than others in consistently producing significantly smaller test sets, whose sizes exhibit linear correlation with the length of the Boolean expressions in irredundant disjunctive normal form. This study provides empirical evidences that the MUMCUT strategy is indeed cost-effective for detecting the faults considered in this paper.
Developing and Sustaining Information Assurance: The Role of Community Colleges, Part 2
Authors: Pinny Sheoran, Oris Friesen, Barbara J. Huffman de Belon
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Facing high demand in both the public and private sectors for qualified information-security specialists, Arizona's Mesa Community College (MCC) and Connecticut's Norwalk Community College (NCC) were among the first to develop degree programs at the community-college level. This follow-up article examines the steps the two schools took in creating their programs.
Simulation, a framework for analysing SME supply chains
Authors: P. J. Byrne, Cathal Heavey
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

The following paper briefly presents the formulation and development of a case study supply chain simulation model as developed for an industrial company. The case study company in question is considered to be a vertically integrated organisation, offering a complete range of its related industries products to a global marketplace.The paper reviews the scale of supply chain system being analysed, the type of data required to populate such a model and the performance outputs from the model. These outputs include the percentage of demand that is both On Time and In Full (OTIF%), the days of inventory held in finished stock and also the finished stock quantities.The paper also reviews the scope of such a model by reviewing some of the experimental work as carried out on this model and highlights the usefulness of such a model as an aid to supply chain decision making in a SME.
Mediating Human Decision Making with Emotional Attitudes in Web Based Decision Support Systems
Authors: Rajiv Khosla, Chris Lai
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

Emotions form an important component of human behaviour and decision making and thus are an essential part of context-aware web-based decision support systems. In this paper a conceptual model based on sensemaking, affective and situational feedback is outlined for design of context-aware web-based decision support systems. An application of the model is illustrated in the area of web-based behaviour profiling and recruitment of salespeople. In this application cognitive responses of a sales candidate to behavioural questions from a e-Sales Recruitment and Benchmarking System (e-SRBS) are mediated with their real-time emotional or affective responses to facilitate context-aware decision support in e-recruitment applications. . The work reported has implications in not only e-recruitment but also in knowledge management, data mining, web personalisation and context-aware web-based decision support systems in general.
A framework for knowledge capture and a study of development metrics in collaborative engineering design
Authors: Larry J. Leifer
Venue:  (2006)

This dissertation presents a knowledge management framework, collaborative design methods, and software technologies that improve multidisciplinary, distributed engineering design. In this setting, team member coordination is non-trivial and a potential source of costly breakdowns. The difficulties arise during the capture, sharing and reuse of design knowledge, intents, decisions, and rationale. Four research phases are described. In the first two phases, we define a framework to support distributed teamwork. Collaborative methods for consensus building via private and public product models are formalized. Individual designers use generalized objects to capture knowledge and create domain-specific product interpretations while a history of their work is stored in a centralized database. We describe implementation of the framework as software prototype called VisionManager, which is evaluated on projects in mechatronic, aerospace, and facilities engineering. VisionManager's in-situ reuse mechanisms and context-dependent manipulation of the design database improve the design process by eliminating time-consuming activities related to communicating and understanding design issues. In the third research phase, we instrument VisionManager's design database to support studies of the product model evolution. Reuse, thrashing, backtracking, and redesign are quantified in experimental data collected from a facilities design course. This inspires the final phase of research---an investigation into metrics for software projects in the computer games industry. Using data from three 1-year projects, correlations are established between measurements of work and quality on a subsystem-basis. Time series analysis of daily progress reveals periodic patterns in the team's development efforts. Daily interactions among engineers, measured via concurrent work on game subsystems, correlate with each engineer's perceived value to the team. Overall, this research demonstrates that external observers can use design history to form an understanding of how a team performs. This dissertation makes three contributions to design knowledge management and its use in team-based engineering. (1) It proposes, prototypes and evaluates a modeling framework to support collaboration and distributed knowledge management for design teams. (2) It demonstrates the use of design history as a source of insight into team design processes. (3) It identifies multiple correlations between historic design data and team performance in the domain of software engineering.
Configuring Processes and Business Documents - An Integrated Approach to Enterprise Systems Collaboration
Authors: Christian Janiesch, Alexander Dreiling, Ulrike Greiner, Sonia Lippe
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

Enterprise Systems (ES) provide standardized, off-theshelf support for operations and management within organizations. With the advent of ES based on a serviceoriented architecture (SOA) and an increasing demand of IT-supported interorganizational collaboration, implementation projects face paradigmatically new challenges. The configuration of ES is costly and error-prone. Dependencies between business processes and business documents are hardly explicit and foster component proliferation instead of reuse. Configurative modeling can support the problem in two ways: First, conceptual modeling abstracts from technical details and provides more intuitive access and overview. Second, configuration allows the projection of variants from master models providing manageable variants with controlled flexibility. We aim at tackling the problem by proposing an integrated model-based framework for configuring both, processes and business documents, on an equal basis; as together, they constitute the core business components of an ES.
Virtus: Group Support Using Role-Based Collaboration
Authors: Henri Eberspacher, Michelle Joab
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

To improve effectiveness in distance training, collaborative learning has been used in order to reduce the feeling of loneliness and to create a virtual community of learners. Furthermore, group support is a key element in collaborative environments. This article presents our approach which is meant to group support using a role-based collaboration. We discuss the main issues of a group contract model based on roles and rules to group management in collaborative virtual learning communities. We introduce Virtus, a web-based platform that provides enhanced functionalities to automate the management of groups using an expert rule-based module.
Life Cycle Management of Personalized and Context-aware Services in Mobile Networks Environment
Authors: Bharat Bhushan, Stephan Steglich, Bernd Mrohs, Christian Rack, Tiziana Toniatti
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2006)

As an essential part of mobile service-orientated computing, life cycle management allows Service Providers (SPs) and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to manage services provisioning, launch new service offers, maintain them, and, finally, to withdraw them or improve them. This is vital because services are launched rapidly and life cycle steps are becoming shorter. To address this need, this paper proposes services life cycle management interfaces for contextaware services. SPs need automated mechanisms that conform to the standard practices and emerging requirements of the mobile industry. Since contextawareness and personalized features add agility to mobile services, they must be reflected in the life cycle management, which is one of the strong themes in this paper and novelty of the interfaces presented. Key stakeholders and their requirements are analyzed. Analysis results are used as a guide for the development of interfaces. Therefore the work is readily adaptable in a real-life situation.
Niching for Population-Based Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Daniel Angus
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (2006)

Most Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms are able to find a single (or few) optimal, or near-optimal, solutions to difficult (NP-hard) problems. An issue though is that a small change to the problem can have a large impact on a specific solution by decreasing its quality, or worse still, by rendering it infeasible. Niching methods, such as fitness sharing and crowding, have been implemented with success in the field of Evolutionary Computation (EC) and are aimed at simultaneously locating and maintaining multiple optima to increase search robustness - typically in multi-modal function optimization. In this paper it is shown that a niching technique applied to an ACO algorithm permits the simultaneous location and maintenance of multiple areas of interest in the search space.
Factors Affecting Adoption of ERP in China
Authors: Xin James He, Wenjie Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

This paper studies the early trends of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in China via an executive survey and subsequent statistical analysis. While ERP has been contributed to increased efficiency, increased revenue, and reduced costs, companies with horror stories about their ERP implementation are not uncommon. ERP implementation in China is so new that, except for a few large enterprises, the vast majority of Chinese enterprises are still on the sidelines weighing pros and cons. Whereas it is complex at any company, ERP implementation will be especially challenging for Chinese enterprises due to small company sizes, transitional enterprise ownership from planned to market economy, and cultural and language barriers. Thus, this research scrutinizes such ERP pre-implementation concerns as key factors affecting ERP decisions, potential benefits, major obstacles to implementation, and unsettled issues with managerial implications to Chinese enterprises and ERP vendors.
Evolving the Artist-Technologist
Authors: Ian Horswill, Marlena Novak
Venue: Computer (2006)

Northwestern University's Animate Arts program seeks to unite artists and programmers through team teaching and a curriculum that draws from visual and sound arts, cultural and narrative theory, and computer science.
An architecture for supporting batch query and online service in Very Large Database systems
Authors: Jung-Yeon Yang, Ig-Hoon Lee, Ok-Ran Jeong, Jun-Young Song, Chul-Min Lee, Sang-goo Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

The unprecedented growth of the telecommunications industry and exponential increase in real-time online transactions has created the need for a database (DB) system capable of managing massive amounts of data. However, current Very Large DB (VLDB) systems can become overwhelmed, and if, for example, a batch query is made while a transaction is being executed, the online service may become limited or system performance may decrease. We propose a partially distributed DB model to address this problem. The model partially separates a batch server, resulting in increased performances in transaction response time and throughput.
Based upon RBTC and LSB Substitution to Hide Data
Authors: Ching-Yu Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

A new method using the RBTC and LSB substitution to hide data is proposed. Based on the RBTC, a simple LSB substitution is employed for embedding secret data to the resulting compressed images. Experiments show that the PSNR and hiding rate for the proposed method are good while the perceived quality is not bad. Since the perceptual quality of the mixed images are close to that of compressed images generated by the RBTC without hiding capability, the proposed method possesses a merit of being attracted hardly by the grabbers. In other words, the grabbers are not easily notice the existence of the embedded message.
Performance of pheromone model for predicting traffic congestion
Authors: Yasushi Ando, Yoshiaki Fukazawa, Osamu Masutani, Hirotoshi Iwasaki, Shinichi Honiden
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (2006)

Social insects perform complex tasks without top-down-style control, by sensing and depositing chemical markers called "pheromone". We have examined applications of this pheromone paradigm towards realizing intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Many of the current traffic management approaches require central processing with the usual risks of overload, bottlenecks and delay. Our work points towards a more decentralized approach that may overcome those risks. We use new category of the ITS infrastructure called the probe-car system. The probe-car system is an emerging data collection method, in which a number of vehicles are used as moving sensors to detect actual traffic situations. In this paper, a car is regarded as a social insect that deposits multi-semantics of (digital) pheromone on the basis of sensed traffic information. We have developed a basic model for predicting traffic congestion in the immediate future using pheromone. In the course of our experimentation, we have identified the need to properly tune the model to achieve acceptable performance. Therefore, we refined the model for practical use. We evaluate our method using real-world traffic data and results indicate applicability to prediction. Furthermore, we describe the practical implications of this method in the real world.
Rule-dependent Activity for Prosaccades and Antisaccades in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Stefan Everling, Joseph F. X. Desouza
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2005)

Everyday life typically requires behavior that involves far more than simple stimulus&ndash;response associations. Environmental cues are often ambiguous and require different actions depending on the situation. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to be crucial for this flexible control of behavior. An important task that probes this ability is the antisaccade task in which subjects have to suppress a glance towards a suddenly presented peripheral stimulus and instead look away from the stimulus to its mirror location. Here we recorded the activity of PFC neurons in monkeys trained to alternate between blocks of prosaccade and antisaccade trials with no external instruction cues. We found that the activity of many neurons was different between the two tasks during the fixation period before the peripheral stimulus was presented. These differences were already present on the first correct trials after a task switch. The activity of these neurons also discriminated between correct responses and errors. We hypothesize that the PFC provides bias signals to saccade-related areas that are necessary to preset the oculomotor system for different tasks.
Yield-Aware Cache Architectures
Authors: Serkan Ozdemir, Debjit Sinha, Gokhan Memik, Jonathan Adams, Hai Zhou
Venue: Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (2006)

One of the major issues faced by the semiconductor industry today is that of reducing chip yields. As the process technologies have scaled to smaller feature sizes, chip yields have dropped to around 50% or less. This figure is expected to decrease even further in future technologies. To attack this growing problem, we develop four yield-aware microarchitecture schemes for data caches. The first one is called Yield-Aware Power-Down (YAPD). YAPD turns off cache ways that cause delay violation and/or have excessive leakage. We also modify this approach to achieve better yields. This new method is called Horizontal YAPD (HYAPD), which turns off horizontal regions of the cache instead of ways. A third approach targets delay violation in data caches. Particularly, we develop a VAriable-latency Cache Architecture (VACA). VACA allows different load accesses to be completed with varying latencies. This is enabled by augmenting the functional units with special buffers that allow the dependants of a load operation to stall for a cycle if the load operation is delayed. As a result, if some accesses take longer than the predefined number of cycles, the execution can still be performed correctly, albeit with some performance degradation. A fourth scheme we devise is called the Hybrid mechanism, which combines the YAPD and the VACA. As a result of these schemes, chips that may be tossed away due to parametric yield loss can be saved. Experimental results demonstrate that the yield losses can be reduced by 68.1% and 72.4% with YAPD and HYAPD schemes and by 33.3% and 81.1% with VACA and Hybrid mechanisms, respectively, improving the overall yield to as much as 97.0%.
Ario: A Linear Integer Arithmetic Logic Solver
Authors: Hossein M. Sheini, Karem A. Sakallah
Venue: Proceedings of the Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design (2006)

In this paper we describe our solver for systems of linear integer arithmetic logic. Such systems are commonly used in design verification applications and are classified under Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) problems. Recognizing the fact that in many such applications the majority of atoms are equalities or integer unit-two-variable inequalities (UTVPIs), we present a framework that integrates specialized theory solvers for those atoms within a SAT solver. The unique feature of our strategy is its simultaneous adoption of both a congruence-closure equality solver and a transitive-closure UTVPI solver to find a satisfiable set of those atoms. A full-scale ILP solver is then utilized to check the consistency of all integer constraints within the solution. Other notable features of our solver include its combined deduction and learning schemes that collectively make our solver distinct among similar solvers.
A Low-Cost Jitter Measurement Technique for BIST Applications
Authors: Jiun-Lang Huang, Jui-Jer Huang, Yuan-Shuang Liu
Venue: Journal of Electronic Testing: Theory and Applications (2006)

In this paper, we present a BIST technique that measures the RMS value of a Gaussian distribution period jitter. In the proposed approach, the signal under test is delayed by two different delay values and the probabilities it leads the two delayed signals are measured. The RMS jitter can then be derived from the probabilities and the delay values. Behavior and circuit simulations are performed to validate the proposed technique and analyze the design tradeoffs, and preliminary measurement results on FPGA are also presented.
Improving Learning Object Description Mechanisms to Support an Integrated Framework for Ubiquitous Learning Scenarios
Authors: Maria Felisa Verdejo, Carlos Celorrio, Emilio Julio Lorenzo
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (2006)

This paper describes an approach to provide an integrated support for learners across a variety of ubiquitous learning activities, including mobile scenarios. Artefacts generated by students using tools in different devices and localizations are stored in a Learning Object Repository (LOR), enabling search, distribution and reuse of the students' results and products in other tools. As metadata is a key factor for the retrieval task, a framework adaptable to a diversity of tools and capable of auto-metadocumenting the objects in terms of the tools and LOR's context is discussed, as well as wrapping methods for automatically reify data into objects, for those tools with limited or null interoperability with the LOR.
XML mediation services utilizing model based data management
Authors: Andreas Tolk
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

The application of the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) enabled a new level of interoperability for heterogeneous IT systems. However, although XML enables separation of data definition and data content, it doesn't ensure that data exchanged is interpreted correctly by the receiving system. This motivates data management to support unambiguous definition of data elements for information exchange. Using a common reference model improves this process leading to "model based data management (MBDM)." The results can be used immediately to configure mediation layers integrating services into an overall service oriented architecture. For XML based services, the results of MBDM can be immediately applied in form of an auto-generated XSLT definition used to compose the service without additional modifications with other services. The paper uses the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM) -- as an example for a common reference model for information exchange -- and its potential use in the Global Information Grid (GIG) -- as the military example for a service oriented architecture -- to integrate web-enabled M&S applications as an example for applying this method.