ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Eigenvector Methods for Web Information Retrieval
Authors: Amy N. Langville, Carl D. Meyer
Venue: SIAM Review (2005)

Web information retrieval is significantly more challenging than traditional well-controlled, small document collection information retrieval. One main difference between traditional information retrieval and Web information retrieval is the Web's hyperlink structure. This structure has been exploited by several of today's leading Web search engines, particularly Google and Teoma. In this survey paper, we focus on Web information retrieval methods that use eigenvector computations, presenting the three popular methods of HITS, PageRank, and SALSA.
BEN: description of the PLUM system as used for MUC-6
Authors: R. Weischedel
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Message understanding (1995)

This paper provides a quick summary of our technical approach, which has been developing since 1991 and was first fielded in MUC-3. First a quick review of what is new is provided, then a walkthrough of system components. Perhaps <u>most interesting</u> is our analysis, following the walkthrough, of what we learned through MUC-6 and of what directions we would take now to break the performance barriers of current information extraction technology.
Can user models be learned at all? Inherent problems in machine learning for user modelling
Authors: Martin E. Müller
Venue: The Knowledge Engineering Review (2004)

Machine learning seems to offer the solution to many problems in user modelling. However, one tends to run into similar problems each time one tries to apply out-of-the-box solutions to machine learning. This article closely relates the user modelling problem to the machine learning problem. It explicates some inherent dilemmas that are likely to be overlooked when applying machine learning algorithms in user modelling. Some examples illustrate how specific approaches deliver satisfying results and discuss underlying assumptions on the domain or how learned hypotheses relate to the requirements on the user model. Finally, some new or underestimated approaches offering promising perspectives in combined systems are discussed. The article concludes with a tentative &lsquo;&lsquo;checklist&rdquo; that one might like to consider when planning to apply machine learning to user modelling techniques.
Adaptive-Hierarchical-Filtering Technique for High-Quality Magazine Image Reproduction
Authors: Tsung Nan Lin, Joseph Shu
Venue: Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems (2005)

This paper proposes a novel adaptive filtering technique to achieve high-quality image enhancement when the image possesses the artifact of moiré pattern during the reproduction by different computer peripherals such as color copiers, or scanners plus printers.Commercial magazine images are halftoned images. Unacceptable noises and moiré distortion may occur when halftone images are copied (i.e., scanned and printed). In this paper, we analyze the formation of moiré patterns in both the frequency and spatial domain. Basically moiré noise often appears due to the aliased frequency when a halftone image is scanned. Based on the analysis of the scanned halftone image, we develop an adaptive filter to suppress the moiré artifacts and produce the high-quality image reproduction. The adaptive filter consists of modules of anti-aliased filter and image enhance filter: the anti-aliased filter is applied to cancel aliased low frequency components (moiré distortion); the image enhance filter is applied to sharpen image edges. It depends on the information provided by an image classification module to decide either the anti-aliased or image enhance module should be applied. The classification module is developed based on a set of pyramid images to determine an edge is either a global true edge (for sharpening enhancement) or a local halftone's micro-structural edge (for moiré reduction). Depending on the information from the classification module, the adaptive filter technique then applies the anti-aliased filter to the halftone micro-structured edge or the enhanced filter to the image global edge correctly and efficiently, and therefore both the moiré reduction and image enhancement can be achieved simultaneously. Experimental results show the outstanding effectiveness of the presented technique for high-quality magazine image reproduction.
The GSI Plug-in for gSOAP: Enhanced Security, Performance, and Reliability
Authors: Giovanni Aloisio, Massimo Cafaro, Italo Epicoco, Daniele Lezzi, Robert van Engelen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume I - Volume 01 (2005)

In this paper we report on the current status of the GSI plug-in for gSOAP, an open source solution to the problem of securing web services in grid environments.
A Globally Convergent Linearly Constrained Lagrangian Method for Nonlinear Optimization
Authors: Michael P. Friedlander, Michael A. Saunders
Venue: SIAM Journal on Optimization (2005)

For optimization problems with nonlinear constraints, linearly constrained Lagrangian (LCL) methods solve a sequence of subproblems of the form "minimize an augmented Lagrangian function subject to linearized constraints." Such methods converge rapidly near a solution but may not be reliable from arbitrary starting points. Nevertheless, the well-known software package MINOS has proved effective on many large problems. Its success motivates us to derive a related LCL algorithm that possesses three important properties: it is globally convergent, the subproblem constraints are always feasible, and the subproblems may be solved inexactly. The new algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB, with an option to use either MINOS or SNOPT (Fortran codes) to solve the linearly constrained subproblems. Only first derivatives are required. We present numerical results on a subset of the COPS, HS, and CUTE test problems, which include many large examples. The results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the stabilized LCL procedure.
Controlling leakage power with the replacement policy in slumberous caches
Authors: Nasir Mohyuddin, Rashed Bhatti, Michel Dubois
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Computing frontiers (2005)

As technology scales down at an exponential rate, leakage power is fast becoming the dominant component of the total power budget. A large share of the total leakage power is dissipated in the cache hierarchy. To reduce cache leakage, individual cache lines can be kept in drowsy mode, a low voltage, low leakage state. Every cache access may then result in dynamic power consumption and performance penalties. A trade-off between the amount of leakage power saved on one hand, and the impact on dynamic power and performance on the other hand must be reachedTo affect this trade-off, we introduce "slumberous caches" in which the power level of cache lines is controlled with the cache replacement policy. In a slumberous cache, cache lines are maintained at different power save modes which we call "tranquility levels", which depend on their order of replacement priorities.We evaluate the trade-offs in the context of PLRU, a common cache replacement algorithm. We explore various assignments of the tranquility levels to lines and compare overall power and performance impacts. As technology scales down, the dynamic power required to energize slumberous cache lines drops drastically while the leakage power savings remain roughly steady. The performance penalty--in cycles-- remains constant with technology scaling for each scheme we evaluate.
Defending Distributed Systems Against Malicious Intrusions and Network Anomalies
Authors: Kai Hwang, Ying Chen, Hua Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 17 - Volume 18 (2005)

Network security breaches hinder the application of distributed computing systems manifested as the Grids, clusters, intranets, extranets, or P2P systems. A new integrated approach is presented for building future, network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS). We integrate the Snort (a NIDS) with a custom-designed anomaly detection system (ADS) to yield a powerful cyber defense system, called CAIDS. This system detects known attacks through signature matching and reveals network anomalies by Internet traffic datamining. The CAIDS design integrates two different detection engines for alert correlation between intrusions and anomalies. We aim to automate signature generation into Snort database. The system was tested over an Internet trace of 24 millions of packets containing 200 attacks. Our simulation experiments result in a 75% detection rate on all attacks with a low 5% false alarm rate. The system generates alerts on both intrusive attacks to distributed resources and anomalies detected in the Internet, intranet, and extranet connections.
A Development of High Definition Haptic Controller
Authors: Katsuhito Akahane, Shoichi Hasegawa, Yasuharu Koike, Makoto Sato
Venue: Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (2005)

This paper describes a haptic controller for force feedback systems in virtual environments. For stable haptic, a frequency of device control higher than 1kHz is required. In this research, we have developed a HighDefinition Haptic Controller with SuperH4 processor. In order to achieve high frequency of device control, the controller interpolates haptic information from primitive geometries and impedance of a virtual wall. SPIDAR, a wire driven haptic display, uses this controller. It realizes high control frequency. Consequently, it became possible to display a very hard virtual wall stably. The High Definition Haptic Controller (HDHC) allows stable haptic and high quality sensation in virtual environments.
Data Strategy
Authors: Sid Adelman, Larissa Moss
Venue:  (2005)

The definitive best-practices guide to enterprise data-management strategy.You can no longer manage enterprise data "piecemeal." To maximize the business value of your data assets, you must define a coherent, enterprise-wide data strategy that reflects all the ways you capture, store, manage, and use information.In this book, three renowned data management experts walk you through creating the optimal data strategy for your organization. Using their proven techniques, you can reduce hardware and maintenance costs, and rein in out-of-control data spending. You can build new systems with less risk, higher quality, and improve data access. Best of all, you can learn how to integrate new applications that support your key business objectives.Drawing on real enterprise case studies and proven best practices, the author team covers everything from goal-setting through managing security and performance. You'll learn how to: Identify the real risks and bottlenecks you face in delivering data-and the right solutions Integrate enterprise data and improve its quality, so it can be used more widely and effectively Systematically secure enterprise data and protect customer privacy Model data more effectively and take full advantage of metadata Choose the DBMS and data storage products that fit best into your overall plan Smoothly accommodate new Business Intelligence (BI) and unstructured data applications Improve the performance of your enterprise database applications Revamp your organization to streamline day-to-day data management and reduce cost Data Strategy is indispensable for everyone who needs to manage enterprise data more efficiently-from database architects to DBAs, technical staff to senior IT decision-makers.© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Scalable Visualization for Collaborative Scientific Applications
Authors: Kai Li, Matthew Hibbs, Grant Wallace, Olga Troyanskaya
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 10 - Volume 11 (2005)

Science disciplines are experiencing a data avalanche. As a result, scientific research is limited by data analysis and visualization capabilities. We have been working closely with Genomic and Plasma Physics researchers on effective data visualization software tools. This paper reports our research on developing software tools for high-resolution display walls to alleviate the current limitation on visualization resolution and single-user window system. In the first case, we developed a novel data visualization tools for genomic data visualization that is dynamic and scale free. In the second case, we have developed a multi-cursor window system for shared data visualization for a collaborative environment. We have deployed both software tools to the scientific researchers. Our initial feedbacks show that these approaches have made significant impact on their productivity.
High order WENO schemes: investigations on non-uniform converges for MHD Riemann problems
Authors: M. Torrilhon, D. S. Balsara
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2004)

Detailed empirical error and convergence studies for high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes are presented in the case of special magnetohydrodynamic Riemann problems. The results supplement the results for standard high resolution finite volume schemes given in [M. Torrilhon, Non-uniform convergence of finite-volume-schemes for Riemann problems of ideal magnetohydrodynamics, J. Comput. Phys. 192 (2003) 73-94]. The special Riemann problems are based on initial conditions that are close to initial conditions which admit non-unique solutions. Like the standard methods the WENO schemes investigated in this paper exhibit a strongly non-uniform convergence behavior with initial convergence to a wrong solution (pseudo-convergence). However, the cancelation of the pseudo-convergence occurs at coarser grids for higher order methods.
B2B e-commerce: agricultural export from China
Authors: Kim Viborg Andersen, Michael Horton, Ann Fogelgren-Pedersen, Channa Gunawardena, Paul Hodson
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Electronic commerce (2004)

This paper addresses B2B e-commerce as a facilitator for enhancing agricultural export from Mianyang (China) to Europe. Computing an extended value chain for three crops, the MAXCROP model has identified key information lacks and prepared implementation of training and use of the model among the production companies and governmental employees.
The vertex separator problem: a polyhedral investigation
Authors: Egon Balas, Cid C. de Souza
Venue: Mathematical Programming: Series A and B (2005)

The vertex separator (VS) problem in a graph G=(V,E) asks for a partition of V into nonempty subsets A, B, C such that there is no edge between A and B, and |C| is minimized subject to a bound on max{|A|,|B|}. We give a mixed integer programming formulation of the problem and investigate the vertex separator polytope (VSP), the convex hull of incidence vectors of vertex separators. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the VSP to be full dimensional. Central to our investigation is the relationship between separators and dominators. Several classes of valid inequalities are investigated, along with the conditions under which they are facet defining for the VSP. Some of our proofs combine in new ways projection with lifting.In a companion paper we develop a branch-and-cut algorithm for the (VS) problem based on the inequalities discussed here, and report on computational experience with a wide variety of (VS) problems drawn from the literature and inspired by various applications.
Software tools for Fortran
Authors: Ian Hounam
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Fortran Forum (2005)

This paper describes what software tools are and makes particular reference to the NAGWare Fortran Tools. I describe how compiler technology may be used to design tools to reformat code to help programmers understand code that they may not necessarily have written, but have to maintain or develop further.
Extending Apache Axis for monitoring of Web Service Offerings
Authors: Wei Ma, Vladimir Tosic, Babak Esfandiari, Bernard Pagurek
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE EEE05 international workshop on Business services networks (2005)

The Web Service Offerings Infrastructure (WSOI) is a monitoring and management infrastructure for the Web Service Offerings Language (WSOL). It extends Apache Axis, an open-source tool for hosting Web Services. We present technical details of several WSOI solutions for monitoring of Web Services: To pass management information between management parties, we built WSOI serializer and WSOI deserializer modules converting data between formats of Axis' MessageContext properties and SOAP headers. To perform different monitoring activities for different WSOL service offerings, we implemented Web Service Offering Descriptor (WSOD) as a complement to Axis' Web Service Deployment Descriptor (WSDD) component. To represent run-time values of WSOL-related management information, we developed WSOI management information model. All these solutions were verified with a prototype implementation of WSOI 2.0 and validated on case studies.
An eclectic 5th generation architecture for ultra high speed computing
Authors: Larry O. Rouse, John F. Forbes, Jean-Luc Gaudiot
Venue: Issue 95 (January 1986) (1986)

Ultra High Speed Computing will be addressed in the form of a new computing architecture using networks of processors, program partition/allocation techniques, and with specific design elements of the type that would be used for database acceleration. This optimum networking architecture will merge commercially available components and support coordinated algorithms and software methodology to fully exploit potential gains in computational speed through parallel computing. The network of processors to be investigated will be of value at the fine grain level for computational processes and at the large grain level for database and communication processes. The complimentary relationship of dataflow and database technology will be sued to focus the investigations with an emphasis placed on hardware implementation. A Phase I program, described in this paper, would analyze the proposed architecture, including hardware and software tradeoffs, and would define an appropriate simulation based methodology for a future Phase II program in which the candidate designs would be tested.
Evolutionary Radial Basis Functions for Credit Assessment
Authors: Estefane Lacerda, André C. Carvalho, Antônio Pádua Braga, Teresa Bernarda Ludermir
Venue: Applied Intelligence (2005)

Credit analysts generally assess the risk of credit applications based on their previous experience. They frequently employ quantitative methods to this end. Among the methods used, Artificial Neural Networks have been particularly successful and have been incorporated into several computational tools. However, the design of efficient Artificial Neural Networks is largely affected by the definition of adequate values for their free parameters. This article discusses a new approach to the design of a particular Artificial Neural Networks model, RBF networks, through Genetic Algorithms. It presents an overall view of the problems involved and the different approaches employed to optimize Artificial Neural Networks genetically. For such, several methods proposed in the literature for optimizing RBF networks using Genetic Algorithms are discussed. Finally, the model proposed by the authors is described and experimental results using this model for a credit risk assessment problem are presented.
Managing Multiple and Dependable Identities
Authors: Ernesto Damiani, Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, Pierangela Samarati
Venue: IEEE Internet Computing (2003)

Management of multiple and dependable identities is a crucial problem for the development of the next generation of distributed applications. This article illustrates the concept of digital identity management, the motivations for the support of multiplicity and dependability, and provides a discussion on different open issues that need to be addressed toward the support of multiple and dependable identities.
Book Review: EXPERT DATABASE SYSTEMS Proceedings from the 2nd Intl. Conference. April 25-27, 1988 Vienna, VA. Edited by Larry Kerschberg (Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, 1988)
Venue: ACM SIGART Bulletin (1990)

Expert Database Systems (EDS) has emerged in the recent years as a powerful combination of disciplines like Artificial Intelligence, Database Management, Logic Programming, and Fuzzy System Theory. This new field incorporates the benefits of both data-based and knowledge-based systems and has generated a great interest among the research, industrial and government communities. An International Workshop on EDS was held in South Carolina in October, 1984, which became the initiative for starting a series of International Conferences on EDS. The first conference on EDS was held in April, 1986 in South Carolina. The second conference, EDS'88, was held in Virginia on April 25--27, 1988. This conference was attended by 350 participants from Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, England, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, the Soviet Union, Switzerland, and USA.
Image Manifolds which are Isometric to Euclidean Space
Authors: David L. Donoho, Carrie Grimes
Venue: Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision (2005)

Recently, the Isomap procedure [10] was proposed as a new way to recover a low-dimensional parametrization of data lying on a low-dimensional submanifold in high-dimensional space. The method assumes that the submanifold, viewed as a Riemannian submanifold of the ambient high-dimensional space, is isometric to a convex subset of Euclidean space. This naturally raises the question: what datasets can reasonably be modeled by this condition? In this paper, we consider a special kind of image data: families of images generated by articulation of one or several objects in a scene--for example, images of a black disk on a white background with center placed at a range of locations. The collection of all images in such an articulation family, as the parameters of the articulation vary, makes up an articulation manifold, a submanifold of L2. We study the properties of such articulation manifolds, in particular, their lack of differentiability when the images have edges. Under these conditions, we show that there exists a natural renormalization of geodesic distance which yields a well-defined metric. We exhibit a list of articulation models where the corresponding manifold equipped with this new metric is indeed isometric to a convex subset of Euclidean space. Examples include translations of a symmetric object, rotations of a closed set, articulations of a horizon, and expressions of a cartoon face.The theoretical predictions from our study are borne out by empirical experiments with published Isomap code. We also note that in the case where several components of the image articulate independently, isometry may fail; for example, with several disks in an image avoiding contact, the underlying Riemannian manifold is locally isometric to an open, connected, but not convex subset of Euclidean space. Such a situation matches the assumptions of our recently-proposed Hessian Eigenmaps procedure, but not the original Isomap procedure.
Numerical experiments with SPARSPAK
Authors: John Gregg Lewis
Venue: ACM SIGNUM Newsletter (1983)

The book COMPUTER SOLUTION OF LARGE SPARSE POSITIVE DEFINITE SYSTEMS, by Alan George and Joseph Liu, is both an excellent text on direct ordering methods and a thorough reference on the Waterloo Sparse Matrix Package SPARSPAK. Unfortunately their numerical experiments fail to make the case that the work was worthwhile. The rather small differences among the methods have left some readers with the impression that there really are no substantial reasons to go beyond banded methods. That is certainly not the authors' intent nor the correct conclusion, but it is easy to see how the readers were misled. The purpose of this note is to reopen the question, and perhaps kindle some debate which will uncover new evidence on the issue of choosing appropriate orderings.