ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent power/performance/reliability analysis for copper interconnects
Authors: Bipin Rajendran, Pawan Kapur, Krishna C. Saraswat, R. Fabian, W. Pease
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 international workshop on System level interconnect prediction (2004)

Joule heating in interconnects raises the temperature of the metals above that of the substrate, which impacts both performance and reliability of Integrated Circuits. The resistivity of the metal depends on temperature, surface scattering and the thickness of the resistive diffusion barrier. The effective thermal conductivity of inter-layer dielectrics (ILD) depends on the vias. In this work, we account for all these dependencies to determine the temperature profile in the metal lines; the resulting performance is also studied. Two configurations are considered, both of which incorporate low-k materials in the backend: one in which both the ILD and inter-metal dielectric (IMD) are replaced by low-k material (homogeneous), and the other in which only the IMD is replaced by low-k, and SiO2 is used as the ILD material (non-homogenous). We find that the temperature excursion at the top metal level (relative to the substrate) increases approximately by a factor of 10 in the first case versus 3 for the second by the year 2016. Using the above Joule heating model, coupled with electromigration model, we compare the maximum allowed current density dictated by electromigration constraints for the two low-k technology options.
MyJVM: a 100% pure Java customizable Java Virtual Machine
Authors: Christophe Deleray, Nicolas Bedon, Gilles Roussel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java (2003)

Numerous research works propose Java extensions. Most of these works try to solve a precise problem and offer ad-hoc solutions to achieve their goal: language extensions, preprocessors implementation, modifications of the compiler, of the bytecode or of the virtual machine behavior. Most of this changes could be implemented in a common framework by extending a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Unfortunately, most JVM are not freely available or difficult to manage and/or to extend, and explicit use of their particular features implies a loss of portability. In this paper, we present an open Java Virtual Machine (100% pure Java) designed to be easily extensible (at compile-time and at run-time) by Java programmers.
Cyber defense technology networking and evaluation
Authors: R. Bajcsy, T. Benzel, M. Bishop, B. Braden, C. Brodley, S. Fahmy, S. Floyd, W. Hardaker, A. Joseph, G. Kesidis, K. Levitt, B. Lindell, P. Liu, D. Miller, R. Mundy, C. Neuman, R. Ostrenga, V. Paxson, P. Porras, C. Rosenberg, J. D. Tygar, S. Sastry, D. Sterne, S. F. Wu
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2004)

Creating an experimental infrastructure for developing next-generation information security technologies.
A declarative implementation of the DICOM-3 network protocol
Authors: Ira J. Kalet, Robert S. Giansiracusa, Jonathan Jacky, Drora Avitan
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2003)

We describe a new design for programs using the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) protocol, which we have implemented in a DICOM image storage server and a radiation treatment plan transfer facility for our locally developed radiation treatment planning system, Prism. This design is declarative, representing DICOM as a language for describing messages and sequencing of messages. The coding involved implementing an interpreter for this language. The DICOM protocol specifies messages, message formats, and sequencing. In our design, the specification translates almost directly into computer-readable declarative expressions that closely resemble the relevant tabulated DICOM specifications. The resulting programs are small, simple, and extensible, because most of the details of the DICOM protocol are not coded in the procedural control statements but are in the expressions and state table that the interpreter uses to perform all its functions. This approach provides a way to validate the consistency of a specification and the correctness of the implementation. The same method can be generalized to other such protocols. It may also be used to assist the design of new protocols.
A fuzzy expert system for auction reserve prices
Authors: Francesco Forte, Michela Mantovani, Gisella Facchinetti, Giovanni Mastroleo
Venue: Artificial intelligence and security in computing systems (2003)

The paper focuses on the issue of a reliable reserve price: important both for the sellers as for the purchaser. A too high reserve price may discourage the bidding process, but a price too low may damage the sellers. The analysis of the problem shows its high complexity. We suggest an objective methodology of constructing the evaluation of art works, based on a multi-attributes valuation system using a fuzzy expert system. The start point is the use of FM matrix similar to the Boston matrix to assign the work to one of four main categories of authors and art goods: stars, blue chips, portfolios and dogs, questions. For each one of the categories, the second step is the decision tree design. At the basis of these designs there is the belief that four are the main categories of variables, which carry at the final evaluation: artistic values, hedonic values, sociological economic macro-factors, micro-economic factors. These four are not independent variables. So the simple decision trees with four branches become very involved till at the final building which has more then thirty independent variables like the artistic values relate to the artist, to the work, to the artistic current, etc.The paper is a preliminary effort to apply the Fuzzy Sets Theory to the multiattributes valuation of art goods. This theory provides a systematic framework to deal with qualitative concepts that can be translated in to quantitative parameters in a complex system of variables only by "fuzzy" relations, because of the intrinsic lack of precision and of uncertainty about the causal relation between sets of the inputs and of outputs. Experts give the ranges of values imputed to the linguistic variables, by reference to the statistics of the past auctions in the international market. The system structure identifies the fuzzy logic inference flow from the input variables to the output variables. The fuzzy inference takes place in rule blocks, which contain the linguistic control roles. The outputs of these rule blocks are linguistic variables. The defuzzification in the output interfaces usually translates them into crisp variables. In this case we propose as output a fuzzy evaluation that produces an interval of values between the minimum and the maximum.
An exact end-to-end blocking probability algorithm for multicast networks
Authors: Eeva Nyberg, Jorma Virtamo, Samuli Aalto
Venue: Performance Evaluation (2003)

We consider the calculation of blocking probabilities in multicast trees with dynamic membership. We extend the work by Karvo et al., where an approximate algorithm based on the reduced load approximation (RLA) was given to calculate end-to-end blocking for infinite sized user populations in multicast networks. The new algorithm for calculating end-to-end call blocking exactly for an arbitrary sized user population is based on the known blocking probability algorithm in hierarchical multiservice access networks, where link occupancy distributions are alternately convolved and truncated. We show that the algorithm can be applied to multicast trees embedded in a network with an arbitrary topology carrying also non-multicast traffic. The resource sharing of multicast connections, however, requires the modification of the algorithm by introducing a new type of convolution, the OR-convolution. In addition, we discuss several different user population models for which the algorithm is applicable.
Analytical Method of Smooth Dynamic Loading in the Theory of Mode Interfacing Control
Authors: V. F. Shumilov
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2003)

The work concerns power saving and improvement of the equipment resource and performance. An analytical method of providing smooth dynamic loading in process control on the basis of the B.N. Petrov method of coordinate control was presented. By smoothness of dynamic loading is meant shockless interfacing of the process modes such as start, speedup, retardation, reversion, persistence, stop. The essence of this method lies in developing and using new kinds of spline functions satisfying zero values of all derivatives right up to the (2n-1)st order inclusive at all nodal points of interfacing all modes. Effectiveness of the method was verified by way of example of modeling transport movements of a three-link bridge robot.
Decidability of fourth-order matching
Authors: Vincent Padovani
Venue: Mathematical Structures in Computer Science (2000)

Higher Order Matching consists of solving finite sets of equations of the form u = &beta;&eta; v, where u, v are simply typed terms of &lambda;-calculus, and v is a closed term. Whether this problem is decidable is an open question. In this paper its decidability is proved when the free variables of all equations are of order at most 4 &ndash; we actually extend this result to a more general situation in which in addition to equations, disequations are also considered.
Toward flexible and fault tolerant intelligent manufacturing: Sensible agents in shop-floor control
Authors: Kathleen Suzanne Barber, Joonoo Kim
Venue: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing (2000)

The use of agent-based systems may offer significant advantages over centralized hierarchical manufacturing systems, including distribution of control/processing and data as well as adaptable automated or semiautomated problem solving. However, simply applying any agent-based paradigm to manufacturing domains may not be enough to address the various demands of these domains. Manufacturing domains require agent-based problem solving to be flexible and tolerant of faulty information (e.g., due to faulty sensors), equipments, and communication links. These issues are addressed by research on Sensible Agents, capable of 1) Dynamic Adaptive Autonomy and 2) explicit Perspective Modeling. Dynamic Adaptive Autonomy allows Sensible Agents to change problem-solving roles during system operation to address dynamic factory floor conditions, while Perspective Models internal to a respective Sensible Agent serve to maintain knowledge about the agent itself, other agents, and the environment. The application of the Sensible Agent paradigm to a shop-floor control is demonstrated.
Extensions to fuzzy artmap based on structural risk minimization
Authors: Gregory L. Heileman
Venue:  (2003)

In this research, several modifications to the Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network architecture are proposed for conducting classification in complex, possibly noisy, environments. The goal of these modifications is to improve upon the generalization performance of ART-based neural networks, such as Fuzzy ARTMAP, in classification problems involving overlapping pattern classes or mislabeled examples. One of the major difficulties of employing Fuzzy ARTMAP on such learning problems involves overfitting the training data. Structural risk minimization is a machine learning framework that addresses the overfitting issue. The theory of structural risk minimization reveals a tradeoff between training error and classifier (or hypothesis) complexity in reducing generalization error. Structural risk minimization provides a backbone for analysis as well as an impetus for design of better learning algorithms proposed herein. The first modification proposed herein, called Boosted ART, generalizes upon the Fuzzy ART neural network. It will be shown that both Fuzzy ART, as well as Boosted ART, are universal approximators, which is an important fact in establishing the utility of ART-based neural network architectures. A learning algorithm which is known to be a universal approximator can be applied to a large class of interesting problems with the confidence that a solution is at least theoretically available. A separate modification to Fuzzy ARTMAP, called Boosted ARTMAP, is proposed allowing non-zero training error in an effort to reduce the hypothesis complexity and hence improve overall generalization performance. Boosted ARTMAP is an on-line learner, it does not require excessive parameter tuning to operate, and it reduces precisely to Fuzzy ARTMAP when zero classification error tolerance is requested. Additional modifications, detailed in this dissertation, make use of either Boosted ART or Boosted ARTMAP (or combinations of both) in order to create new neural network architectures. The modifications, proposed in this dissertation, include Structural Boosted ARTMAP, which uses both Boosted ART and Boosted ARTMAP, to perform structural risk minimization learning in an ARTMAP-based neural network architecture. Both empirical and theoretical results will be presented in this dissertation leading to the understanding of why, where and how the proposed architectures are most useful.
A comparative analysis of fine-grain threads packages
Authors: Gregory W. Price, David K. Lowenthal
Venue: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing (2003)

The rising availability of multiprocessing platforms has increased the importance of providing programming models that allow users to express parallelism simply, portably, and efficiently. One popular way to write parallel programs is to use threads for concurrent sections of code. User-level threads packages allow programmers to implement multithreaded programs in which thread creation, thread management, and thread synchronization are relatively inexpensive.Fine-grain programs are multithreaded programs in which the work is divided into a large number of threads, where each thread contains a relatively small amount of work. The potential benefit of large numbers of threads include easier load balancing, better scalability, greater potential for overlapping communication and computation, and improved platform-independence. However, fine-grain programs are largely considered inefficient due to the overheads involved in managing numerous threads. In this paper, we survey several thread packages that take different approaches to the problem of efficiently supporting the creation and management of large numbers of fine-grain threads. Each package is compared based on its level of support of the general thread model as well as its performance on a set of fine-grain parallel programs. We find that while the thread packages we tested may support medium-grain parallelism efficiently, they do not always support fine-grain parallelism. Although no package supports fine-grain parallelism and a general thread model, we believe that it can potentially be done with help from the compiler.
Fault Tolerant Design of Combinational and Sequential Logic Based on a Parity Check Code
Authors: Sobeeh Almukhaizim, Yiorgos Makris
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2003)

We describe a method for designing fault tolerant circuits based on an extension of a Concurrent Error Detection (CED) technique. The proposed extension combines parity check codes and duplication in order to not only perform error detection but also provide diagnosis and correction capabilities. Informed selection among the outputs of the original synthesized circuit and the outputs of a constrained-sharing resynthesized duplicate with parity check codes renders a low-cost fault tolerant design. Experimental results con.rm the efficacy of the proposed method as a general solution for designing fault tolerant circuits.
Strategic Information Technology Management: The City of Anaheim Technological Initiatives
Authors: Keith Schildt, Suzanne Beaumaster
Venue: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'04) - Track 5 - Volume 5 (2004)

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study investigating the role of IT in a municipal-owned and operated public utility. Through the use of case study methodology, the paper finds a confluence of contextual factors fostering changes in an IT management strategy aimed at increasing efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery and improvingcustomer/citizen satisfaction. These factors include changes in the regulatory policy environment, advances in technology, increasing citizen and customer knowledge and sophistication about IT, and managerial and elected official commitment to an IT strategy. The paper begins by proposing a model of the IT strategic planning process that occurs in municipal environments and then details several IT initiatives of the municipality in relation to the proposed model. The study finds that the complex nature of technology and its financial risk due to quick obsolescence poses political risks for the organization attempting to manage the IT infrastructure, which changes at a far faster pace than the organization's other types of infrastructure. The strategic management of IT must take into account the differing value sets among its organizational and political members and how these differing motivations impact the management of the IT infrastructure.
Semi-implicit finite volume scheme for image processing in 3D cylindrical geometry
Authors: Karol Mikula, Fiorella Sgallari
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

Nowadays, 3D echocardiography is a well-known technique in medical diagnosis. Inexpensive echocardiographic acquisition devices are applied to scan 2D slices rotated along a prescribed direction. Then the discrete 3D image information is given on a cylindrical grid. Usually, this original discrete image intensity function is interpolated to a uniform rectangular grid and then numerical schemes for 3D image processing operations (e.g. nonlinear smoothing) in the uniform rectangular geometry are used. However, due to the generally large amount of noise present in echocardiographic images, the interpolation step can yield undesirable results. In this paper, we avoid this step and suggest a 3D finite volume method for image selective smoothing directly in the cylindrical image geometry. Specifically, we study a semi-implicit 3D cylindrical finite volume scheme for solving a Perona-Malik-type nonlinear diffusion equation and apply the scheme to 3D cylindrical echocardiographic images. The L∞-stability and convergence of the scheme to the weak solution of the regularized Perona-Malik equation is proved.
The Rough Set Approach to Association Rule Mining
Authors: J. W. Guan, D. A. Bell, D. Y. Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

In transaction processing, an association is said to existbetween two sets of items when a transaction containingone set is likely to also contain the other. In informationretrieval, an association between two sets of keywords occurswhen they co-occur in a document. Similarly, in datamining, an association occurs when one attribute set occurstogether with another. As the number of such associationsmay be large, maximal association rules are sought, e.g.,Feldman et al (1997, 1998).Rough set theory is a successful tool for data mining. Byusing this theory, rules similar to maximal associations canbe found. However, we show that the rough set approach todiscovering knowledge is much simpler than the maximalassociation method.
Children's online interfaces: is usability testing worthwhile?
Authors: Shuli Gilutz, Mathilde Bekker, Allison Druin, Shalom Fisch, Janet Read
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Interaction design and children (2003)

'Designing for usability' refers to the activity of incorporating research about how people use interactive interfaces into the design process. In our specific case, it refers to designers of children's products taking into consideration how the children use different software that they encounter.Many organizations that develop new interactive environments for children do not incorporate usability studies, or they do so without a good understanding of the complexity and consequences of these issues. The end results are websites and programs that children cannot use - and therefore will not use. In some cases many of the educational benefits and creative ideas developed are never utilized, because children do not pass the interface hurdle.The participating panel members have unique views about the role and value of usability studies on the design process. With an emphasis on the design of online environments, they will discuss their personal experiences of designing for usability, and will offer their understanding of the significance of usability in the design of interactive environments for kids.
Parsing Without a Grammar: Making Sense of Unknown File Formats
Authors: Levon Lloyd, Steven Skiena
Venue: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2003)

The thousands of specialized structured file formats inuse today present a substantial barrier to freely exchanginginformation between applications programs. We considerthe problem of deducing such basic features as thewhitespace characters, bracketing delimiter symbols, andself-delimiter characters of a given file format from one ormore example files. We demonstrate that for sufficientlylarge example files, we can typically identify the basic featuresof interest.
An intermediate systems language for the PDP-11
Authors: Peter Karasz
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1977)

In this paper we describe Version 2 of Intermediate Systems Language (ISL/V2), a general purpose software implementation language developed at the B. F. Goodrich Company. The particular implementation we discuss here is for the PDP-11 family of minicomputers that use the 11/40 instruction set.ISL has a FORTRAN like syntax with a number of added features to make it a versatile software development tool. It is the implementation language of IDMS-11, a CODASYL-type Data Base Management System (DBMS) for the PDP-11.The language puts a minimal amount of constraint on the programmer. Top down logic design and modular programming are encouraged but not enforced by the compiler. The ISL compiler produces an assembly program that very closely approaches hand-written code both in appearance and quality. A compile time option is provided for the generation of re-entrant programs. In-line assembler language statements may be inserted into the ISL source program. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Design and evaluation of a pdf print estimating system
Authors: Mengtsung Tai
Venue:  (2003)

This research consisted of designing and evaluating portable document format (PDF) print estimating system to commercial systems. Taking into account functionality, reliability, standardization, and integration, the conventional design method (Pressman, 1997) was used to develop the print estimating system. Considering the printer's viewpoint, added features make the system function online and offline and compatible with all common computer platforms. After the system was developed, experts and entry-level users evaluated the system for software usability (Nielsen, 2000; Shneiderman, 1998). A total of 26 experts and 38 entry-level users responded to 14 questions about usability in a personal interview survey. Statistical analysis of survey responses provided evidence that the software is usable for both user groups. This was initially indicated by a mean score above neutral (2.5) for each of the 14 survey items rated by each user group. This result was verified using one-sample t tests and independent-samples t tests to compare survey items. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between item responses. Finally, factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify survey response patterns.