ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the evaluation of the joint distribution of order statistics
Authors: Koon-Shing Kwong, Yiu-Man Chan
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2008)

Dunnett and Tamhane [Dunnett, C.W., Tamhane, A.C., 1992. A step-up multiple test procedure. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 87, 162-170.] proposed a step-up procedure for comparing k treatments with a control and showed that the step-up procedure is more powerful than its counterpart single step and step-down procedures. Since then, several modified step-up procedures have been suggested to deal with different testing environments. In order to establish those step-up procedures, it is necessary to derive approaches for evaluating the joint distribution of the order statistics. In some cases, experimenters may have difficulty in applying those step-up procedures in multiple hypothesis testing because of the computational limitation of existing algorithms in evaluating the critical values for a large number of multiple comparisons. As a result, most procedures are only workable when the design of the experiment is balanced with k@?20 or unbalanced with k@?8. In this paper, new algorithms are proposed in order to effectively compute the joint distribution of order statistics in various situations. An extensive numerical study shows that the proposed algorithms can easily handle the testing situations with a much larger k. Examples of applying the proposed algorithms to evaluate the critical values of two existing step-up procedures are also presented.
TraNS: realistic joint traffic and network simulator for VANETs
Authors: M. Piórkowski, M. Raya, A. Lezama Lugo, P. Papadimitratos, M. Grossglauser, J.-P. Hubaux
Venue: ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (2008)

Realistic simulation is a necessary tool for the proper evaluation of newly developed protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Several recent efforts focus on achieving this goal. Yet, to this date, none of the proposed solutions fulfil all the requirements of the VANET environment. This is so mainly because road traffic and communication network simulators evolve in disjoint research communities. We are developing TraNS, an open-source simulation environment, as a step towards bridging this gap. This short paper describes the TraNS architecture and our ongoing development efforts.
Study of the Learning Model Based on Improved ID3 Algorithm
Authors: Ding Rongtao, Ji Xinhao, Zhu Linting, Ren Wei
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2008)

The network learning behavior intelligence analysis system can collect the information of learner's psychology, behavior, methods and effectiveness in the learning process, and classify learners by using the ID3 algorithm based on the internal factors and personality characteristics of learners that influence the learning effect. In order to correct the shortcomings that the ID3 algorithm more inclined to the attributes that have more values in the classification process, we introduce user interest, which used to distinguish the dependence between different information attributes. At the same time, we introduce parameters to reduce the redundancy between attributes, and accelerate the pace of information entropy reducing, then construct a general, expandable senior vocational student model in the intelligence-learning environment.
Dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision making
Authors: Zeshui Xu, Ronald R. Yager
Venue: International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (2008)

The dynamic multi-attribute decision making problems with intuitionistic fuzzy information are investigated. The notions of intuitionistic fuzzy variable and uncertain intuitionistic fuzzy variable are defined, and two new aggregation operators: dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (DIFWA) operator and uncertain dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (UDIFWA) operator are presented. Some methods, including the basic unit-interval monotonic (BUM) function based method, normal distribution based method, exponential distribution based method and average age method, are introduced to determine the weight vectors associated with these operators. A procedure based on the DIFWA operator is developed to solve the dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (DIF-MADM) problems where all the decision information about attribute values takes the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers collected at different periods, and a procedure based on the UDIFWA operator is developed for DIF-MADM under interval uncertainty in which all the decision information about attribute values takes the form of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers collected at different periods. Finally, a practical case is used to illustrate the developed procedures.
Teacher-directed learning in view-independent face recognition with mixture of experts using overlapping eigenspaces
Authors: Reza Ebrahimpour, Ehsanollah Kabir, Mohammad Reza Yousefi
Venue: Computer Vision and Image Understanding (2008)

A model for view-independent face recognition, based on Mixture of Experts, ME, is presented. In the basic form of ME the problem space is automatically divided into several subspaces for the experts, and the outputs of experts are combined by a gating network. In our proposed model, the ME is directed to adapt to a particular partitioning corresponding to predetermined views. To force an expert towards a particular partitioning corresponding to predetermined views, a new representation scheme, overlapping eigenspaces, is introduced, that provides each expert with an eigenspace computed from the faces in the corresponding neighboring views. Furthermore, we use teacher-directed learning, TDL, in a way that according to the pose of the input training sample, only the weights of the corresponding experts are updated. The experimental results support our claim that directing the experts to a predetermined partitioning of the face space improves the performance of the conventional ME for view-independent face recognition. Comparison with some of the most related methods indicates that the proposed model yields excellent recognition rate in view-independent face recognition.
Pulsed electrodeposition of high aspect-ratio NiFe assemblies and its influence on spatial alloy composition
Authors: F. Giro, K. Bedner, C. Dhum, J. E. Hoffmann, S. P. Heussler, L. Jian, U. Kirsch, H. O. Moser, M. Saumer
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2008)

Direct- and pulse-reverse current electrodeposition processes and their influence on the spatial nickel-iron alloy composition are described. High-aspect ratio gear wheel structures are electroplated from a nickel sulphate/iron sulphate bath. Subsequent determination of the iron content at the gear-wheels cross section using scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that pulse reverse plating results in an uniform alloy composition across different structure dimensions. By contrast, local variations in iron content were observed in case of direct current plating.
Optimality conditions for discrete optimal control problems
Authors: Boban Marinkovic
Venue: Optimization Methods Software (2007)

Discrete optimal control problems with variable endpoints and with equality type constraints on the control are considered. We derive first-and second-order necessary optimality conditions, which are meaningful under the assumptions weaker than those previously used in the literature.
GECCO-2008 best papers nominees
Venue: ACM SIGEVOlution (2007)

In 2002, ISGEC created a best paper award for GECCO. As part of the double blind peer review, the reviewers were asked to nominate papers for best paper awards. We continue this tradition at GECCO-2008. The Track Chairs, Editor in Chief, and the Conference Chair nominated the papers that received the most nominations and/or the highest evaluation scores for consideration by the conference. The winners are chosen by secret ballot of the GECCO attendees after the papers have been orally presented at the conference. Best Paper winners are posted on the conference website. The titles and authors of all papers nominated are given below:
A Comparative Study of Desktop, Fishtank, and Cave Systems for the Exploration of Volume Rendered Confocal Data Sets
Authors: Prabhat, Andrew Forsberg, Michael Katzourin, Kristi Wharton, Mel Slater
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2008)

We present a participant study that compares biological exploration tasks using volume renderings of laser confocal microscopy data across three environments which vary in level of immersion. For the tasks, data, and visualization approach used in our study, we found that subjects qualitatively preferred and quantitatively performed better in environments with greater levels of immersion. Subjects performed real-world biological data analysis tasks that emphasized understanding spatial relationships including characterizing the general features in a volume, identifying co-located features, and reporting geometric relationships such as whether clusters of cells were coplanar. After analyzing data in each environment, subjects were asked to choose which environment they wanted to analyze additional data sets in-- subjects uniformly selected the Cave environment.
Convergence analysis of distributed fixed-step power control algorithm for cellular mobile systems
Authors: Jyh-Horng Wen, Young-Long Chen, Jyu-Wei Wang
Venue: Wireless Communications Mobile Computing (2008)

Power control plays a vital role in the operation of cellular systems. It has been shown that a power control mechanism with distributed fixed-step control algorithm using a single bit can maintain the received carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) within a desired range in long-term fading channels. However, as far as the short-term fading is concerned, whether such a power control algorithm remains convergent is not clear. In this work, a simple received CIR model is adopted to derive the condition that ensures system stability for short-term fading channels. The bounds of the received CIR are also obtained. Furthermore, the effects of the power control step size and the time required for convergence are also analyzed. Copyright &copy; 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An autonomic approach to offer services in OSGi-based home gateways
Authors: Jorge E. López de Vergara, Víctor A. Villagrá, Carlos Fadón, Juan M. González, José A. Lozano, Manuel Álvarez-Campana
Venue: Computer Communications (2008)

The home IT environment is one the most promising areas for telecom operators. Nowadays, home area networks (HAN) are composed of a variety of heterogeneous devices, such as computers, webcams, sensors, set-top-boxes, etc. A key element in a HAN is the home gateway: a device managing the different networks in the home environment. But the management of this environment is a complex task, with an increasing number of heterogeneous devices interconnected. This paper proposes the application of the ''autonomic communications'' paradigm to this problem. Under this paradigm, each device has the intelligence for accomplishing the self-* functionalities: self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing and self-protection. This paper describes a proof of concept of an autonomic communications architecture to solve the self-configuration problem. Using a home gateway, with the OSGi framework deployed, an autonomic element has been developed with the goal of finding and personalizing the service offer for a specific user. The autonomic element is context aware, as it senses devices connected to the home network together with user preferences. The services and profiles are modeled with an ontology in OWL, as well as reasoning rules in SWRL which are used by the autonomic element for inferring useful services and proposing a personalized service offer for each customer. The autonomic element has been implemented as an OSGi application and its performance has been evaluated providing successful results.
Parallel adaptive simulations of dynamic fracture events
Authors: Sandhya Mangala, Terry Wilmarth, Sayantan Chakravorty, Nilesh Choudhury, Laxmikant V. Kal&#x00e9;, Philippe H. Geubelle
Venue: Engineering with Computers (2008)

Finite element simulations of dynamic fracture problems usually require very fine discretizations in the vicinity of the propagating stress waves and advancing crack fronts, while coarser meshes can be used in the remainder of the domain. This need for a constantly evolving discretization poses several challenges, especially when the simulation is performed on a parallel computing platform. To address this issue, we present a parallel computational framework developed specifically for unstructured meshes. This framework allows dynamic adaptive refinement and coarsening of finite element meshes and also performs load balancing between processors. We demonstrate the capability of this framework, called ParFUM, using two-dimensional structural dynamic problems involving the propagation of elastodynamic waves and the spontaneous initiation and propagation of cracks through a domain discretized with triangular finite elements.
Sharing information of three-dimensional geographic locations through mobile devices
Authors: Cheng-Lung Lin, Xin-Zhong Chen, Kuan-Ju Lin, Shiao-Li Tsao
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 01 (2007)

People who travel to a place may not know well about the information of the sites. Fortunately, people may have a personal device such as a mobile phone which has a digital camera and broadband wireless accesses, and the device can serve as a convenient equipment to access the information of geographic locations when people visit the place. This paper presents a system, called the GLOBE (GLobe On moBilE), consisting of a mobile, a client and a server. The GLOBE mobile is a mobile phone equipped with GPS, height, direction, angle sensors which are used to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) geographic location on the earth of the objects in the photo. The GLOBE client and server can manage these photos with 3D location information, annotate the objects on the photo, associate the information and travel notes with the photos, and share their photos with people on the Internet. Therefore, people just use the GLOBE mobile to take a picture on the object that they feel interested during a trip, and can immediately obtain the information of the object by searching on the GLOBE server. The proposed system helps people to learn information behind sites and objects they visited, and helps users to manage and share the information during a trip.
Oriented walk double covering and bidirectional double tracing
Authors: Fan Hongbing, Xuding Zhu
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (1998)

An oriented walk double covering of a graph G is a set of oriented closed walks, that, traversed successively, combined will have traced each edge of G once in each direction. A bidirectional double tracing of a graph G is an oriented walk double covering that consists of a single closed walk. A retracting in a closed walk is the immediate succession of an edge by its inverse. Every graph with minimum degree 2 has a retracting free oriented walk double covering and every connected graph has a bidirectional double tracing. The minimum number of closed walks in a retracting free oriented walk double covering of G is denoted by c(G). The minimum number of retractings in a bidirectional double tracing of G is denoted by r(G). We shall prove that for all connected noncycle graphs G with minimum degree at least 2, r(G) = c(G) - 1. The problem of characterizing those graphs G for which r(G) = 0 was raised by Ore. Thomassen solved this problem by relating it to the existence of certain spanning trees. We generalize this result, and relate the parameters r(G), c(G) to spanning trees of G. This relation yields a polynomial time algorithm to determine the parameters c(G) and r(G). &copy; 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 29: 89&ndash;102, 1998
A Light Scattering Model for Layered Dielectrics with Rough Surface Boundaries
Authors: Hossein Ragheb, Edwin R. Hancock
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision (2008)

A new model for the scattering of light from layered dielectrics with rough surface boundaries is introduced. The model contains a surface scattering component together with a subsurface scattering component. The former component corresponds to the roughness on the upper surface boundary and is modeled using the modified Beckmann model. The latter component accounts for both refraction due to Fresnel transmission through the layer and rough scattering at the lower layer boundary. One interesting consequence of the model is that the peak radiance is deflected away from the specular direction, a behavior that is also evident in BRDF data from human skin. By allowing independent roughness parameters for each surface boundary and controlling the contributions from the two scattering components in the outgoing radiance using a balance parameter, we can achieve excellent fits of the model to the measured BRDF data. We experiment with BRDF data from skin surface samples (human volunteers) and show that the new model outperforms alternative variants of the Beckmann model and the Lafortune et al. reflectance model. As an application in computer graphics, we also show that realistic images of 3D surfaces can be generated using the new model, by setting the values of its physical parameters.
On the performance of O3BPSK LDD with diversity combining techniques over fading channels
Authors: Chia-Hsin Cheng, Jen-Yung Lin, Jyh-Horng Wen, Chao-Kai Wen
Venue: Computer Communications (2008)

Zheng and Barton developed a convenient signaling scheme (orthogonal on-off BPSK (O^3BPSK)) with a simple one-shot linear decorrelating detector (LDD) for near-far resistant detection in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. This paper studies the performance of the O^3BPSK LDD system over a frequency-nonselective and slowly fading channel. Three types of channel model are considered, namely Rayleigh fading, Nakagami-m fading, and Ricean fading. The analytical results show that channel fading causes a significant degradation in the performance of the O^3BPSK LDD receiver. Nevertheless, the receiver still demonstrates a better near-far resistant property than a conventional CDMA receiver over fading channels. This study also analyzes the effect of two well-known diversity combining techniques on the O^3BPSK LDD performance over Rayleigh fading channels. The results indicate that diversity combining techniques significantly improve the performance of the O^3BPSK LDD scheme over fading channels.
"Towards a Trusted Compiler for a Query Language for Wireless Sensor Networks.
Authors: T. E. Daniel, S. N. I. Mount, R. M. Newman, E. I. Gaura
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (2006)

Efficient and reliable information extraction in wireless sensor networks continues to be an area of abundant research. Current investigations follow two general themes: agent-based systems and query-based systems. The ASQue Sensor Query language (ASQue) was put forward by the Cogent Computing Research Centre as an applicative query language specifically designed to address the particular constraints imposed by sensor networks. A parser for the language and its formal specification were seen as an essential first step in being able to issue correct, purposeful queries to the network. A simple specification model that could be incrementally refined through to implementation was considered essential in accomplishing this goal. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is two-fold. First, to report the motivation for the formal specification of the ASQue parser, and second, to describe the construction of the parser from specification to implementation using the B-method.
A hybrid method to study flow-induced deformation of three-dimensional capsules
Authors: Y. Sui, Y. T. Chew, P. Roy, H. T. Low
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2008)

A hybrid method is proposed to study the transient deformation of liquid filled capsules with elastic membranes under flow. In this method, the immersed boundary concept is introduced into the framework of lattice Boltzmann method, and the multi-block strategy is employed to refine the mesh near the capsule to increase the accuracy and efficiency of computation. A finite element model is incorporated to obtain the forces acting on the membrane nodes of the three-dimensional capsule which is discretized into flat triangular elements. The present method was validated by studying the transient deformation of initially spherical and oblate-spheroidal capsules with various membrane constitutive laws under shear flow; and there were good agreements with previous theory or numerical results. The versatility of the present method was demonstrated by studying the effects of inertia on the deformation of capsules in shear flow; and the inertia effects were found to be significant. The transient deformation of capsules with initially biconcave discoid shape in shear flow was also studied. The unsteady tank-treading motion was observed, in which the capsule undergoes periodic shape deformation and inclination oscillation while its membrane is rotating around the liquid inside. To our knowledge, this motion of three-dimensional biconcave discoid capsules has not been fully recovered by numerical simulation so far.
Markov Random Field-Based Statistical Character Structure Modeling for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition
Authors: Jia Zeng, Zhi-Qiang Liu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2008)

This paper proposes a statistical-structural character modeling method based on Markov random fields (MRFs) for handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR). The stroke relationships of a Chinese character reflect its structure, which can be statistically represented by the neighborhood system and clique potentials within the MRF framework. Based on the prior knowledge of character structures, we design the neighborhood system that accounts for the most important stroke relationships. We penalize the structurally mismatched stroke relationships with MRFs using the prior clique potentials, and derive the likelihood clique potentials from Gaussian mixture models, which encode the large variations of stroke relationships statistically. In the proposed HCCR system, we use the single-site likelihood clique potentials to extract many candidate strokes from character images, and use the pairsite clique potentials to determine the best structural match between the input candidate strokes and the MRF-based character models by relaxation labeling. The experiments on the KAIST character database demonstrate that MRFs can statistically model character structures, and work well in the HCCR system.
Trellis-Based Joint Huffman and Convolutional Soft-Decision Priority-First Decoding
Authors: Yuh-Ming Huang, Yunghsiang S. Han
Venue: Proceedings of the Data Compression Conference (2008)

Lakovic et al. presented an algorithm for jointly decoding a Huffman and convolutionally encoded data sequence with significant improvement in error rates relative to a traditional system in which source and channel decoding are performed separately. However, it has a serious drawback that, for long source sequence, the decoding complexity becomes quite expensive due to the enormous number of trellis states. In this work, a new path metric with low computational complexity is derived first, and then based on a code trellis rather than on a code tree, we proposed a joint Huffman and convolutional soft-decision priority-first decoding algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the proposed decoding algorithm provides nearly the same performance as that in Lakovic's scheme while exhibiting a significantly lower complexity.