ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evil Searching: Compromise and Recompromise of Internet Hosts for Phishing
Authors: Tyler Moore, Richard Clayton
Venue: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 13th International Conference, FC 2009, Accra Beach, Barbados, February 23-26, 2009. Revised Selected Papers (2009)

Attackers compromise web servers in order to host fraudulent content, such as malware and phishing websites. While the techniques used to compromise websites are widely discussed and categorized, analysis of the methods used by attackers to identify targets has remained anecdotal. In this paper, we study the use of search engines to locate potentially vulnerable hosts. We present empirical evidence from the logs of websites used for phishing to demonstrate attackers' widespread use of search terms which seek out susceptible web servers. We establish that at least 18% of website compromises are triggered by these searches. Many websites are repeatedly compromised whenever the root cause of the vulnerability is not addressed. We find that 19% of phishing websites are recompromised within six months, and the rate of recompromise is much higher if they have been identified through web search. By contrast, other public sources of information about phishing websites are not currently raising recompromise rates; we find that phishing websites placed onto a public blacklist are recompromised no more frequently than websites only known within closed communities.
A model for comparing rate adaptation algorithms
Authors: Candy Yiu, Suresh Singh
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Experimental evaluation and characterization (2009)

Rate adaptation algorithms are critical to improving the throughput performance of WLANs. While previous studies have examined the performance of different algorithms in some detail using numerous measurements and simulations, there is a lack of a theory that would allow comparison across different channel conditions. This paper is a first step towards developing an abstract model that can allow us to (a) estimate or predict the performance of different algorithms and (b) allow us to make general statements about which algorithms would perform better, under what channel conditions. Our work is empirical in nature and uses three rate algorithms available in the Madwifi driver to examine the problem. We identify two key metrics, the speed of adaptation and the quality of adaptation, that taken together nicely encapsulate an algorithm's performance. We then show how these metrics predict the throughput behavior of the three rate algorithms considered with an accuracy of over 70%. Furthermore, we show that these metrics can be used to make very general statements comparing the behavior of any pair of algorithms over a wide range of channels.
An Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithms Using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Huawang Shi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security - Volume 01 (2009)

It is well known that simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) are two global methods and can then be used to determine the optimal solution of NP-hard problem. In this paper, due to difficulty of obtaining the optimal solution in medium and large-scaled problems, a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) was also developed. The proposed HGA incorporates simulated annealing into a basic genetic algorithm that enables the algorithm to perform genetic search over the subspace of local optima. The two proposed solution methods were compared on Rosenbrock function global optimal problems, and computational results suggest that the HGA algorithm have good ability of solving the problem and the performance of HGA is very promising because it is able to find an optimal or near-optimal solution for the test problems. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
The economic impact of broadband on growth: A simultaneous approach
Authors: Pantelis Koutroumpis
Venue: Telecommunications Policy (2009)

This paper investigates how broadband penetration affects economic growth. A macroeconomic production function with a micro-model for broadband investment is used to estimate the impact of broadband infrastructure and growth. The results indicate a significant causal positive link especially when a critical mass of infrastructure is present. The scope of this research is 22 OECD countries based on data collected for the period 2002-2007.
Absolute stability of parametrically perturbed third-order systems
Authors: V. V. Aleksandrov, V. N. Zhermolenko
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2009)

Consideration was given to the behavior of the third-order systems in phase space. Regularities of motion of the phase trajectories were established, and a criterion for absolute nonoscillation was obtained. For the absolutely nonoscillatory systems, the Hurwitz conditions serve as the absolute stability criterion. For the oscillatory systems, an additional Bulgakov condition was introduced to eliminate the possibility of parametric resonance. This condition which is verified on the invariant set defined using the Poincaré transform was shown to be a criterion for absolute stability of the oscillatory systems. The results obtained were used to solve the problem of absolute stability of a third-order control system with nonstationary sectorial nonlinearity.
Scanning-Based Human-Computer Interaction Using Intentional Muscle Contractions
Authors: Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann, Stephan Rinderknecht
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International on ConferenceUniversal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part II: Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction Environments (2009)

It has already been shown in the past that it is possible to leverage tiny muscular contractions produced at will (e.g., by frowning) in order to give someone complete control over a PC [1]. The underlying interaction technique is ideal for persons with severe motor impairments who are in need for an alternative, non-standard way to operate a computer. This paper deals with a scanning-based computer application of that approach to enable its user to control the immediate environment, e.g., by making a phone call, toggling the lights, or sending particular Infra-Red (IR) remote signals. Although the software is primarily targeted at people with disabilities, it is ready --- and (in certain situations) even expected --- to be used by able-bodied individuals as well. A user study evaluating the remote control module of the system has been conducted with twelve non-impaired subjects, and the results are discussed herein.
Expressiveness of ADL and golog: functions make a difference
Authors: Gabriele Röger, Bernhard Nebel
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2 (2007)

The main focus in the area of action languages, such as GOLOG, was put on expressive power, while the development in the area of action planning was focused on efficient plan generation. An integration of GOLOG and planning languages would provide great advantages. A user could constrain a system's behavior on a high level using GOLOG, while the actual low-level actions are planned by an efficient planning system. First endeavors have been made by Eyerich et al. by identifying a subset of the situation calculus (which is the basis of GOLOG) with the same expressiveness as the ADL fragment of PDDL. However, it was not proven that the identified restrictions define a maximum subset. The most severe restriction appears to be that functions are limited to constants, We will show that this restriction is indeed necessary in most cases.
A skip-chain conditional random field for ranking meeting utterances by importance
Authors: Michel Galley
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2006)

We describe a probabilistic approach to content selection for meeting summarization. We use skipchain Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to model non-local pragmatic dependencies between paired utterances such as Question-Answer that typically appear together in summaries, and show that these models outperform linear-chain CRFs and Bayesian models in the task. We also discuss different approaches for ranking all utterances in a sequence using CRFs. Our best performing system achieves 91.3% of human performance when evaluated with the Pyramid evaluation metric, which represents a 3.9% absolute increase compared to our most competitive non-sequential classifier.
Research on Degradation Rule of Nitrite and Ammonium in ASBR with ANAMMOX
Authors: Yuan Yi, Hung Yong, Deng Huiping
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

Bio-degradation rule of nitrite and ammonium was investigated in an Anammox ASBR with nonwoven fabric carriers. Research results showed that there were two different phases in the process of nitrite and ammonium degradation. One was the increase of degradation average rate, the other was the decrease of degradation average rate. Both nitrogens were mostly degradated in primitively 60 min. And nitrite removal ratio and decay rate were always higher than those of ammonium. But the gap of rates between them declined with time, and two rates were almost at the same speed in last 20mins. First order exponential decay model could well simulate the substrate decay process in ASBR with fabric nonwoven carriers behind 20mins.
Space efficiency of propositional knowledge representation formalisms
Authors: Marco Cadoli, Francesco M. Donini, Paolo Liberatore, Marco Schaerf
Venue: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (2000)

We investigate the space efficiency of a Propositional Knowledge Representation (PKR) formalism. Intuitively, the space efficiency of a formalism F in representing a certain piece of knowledge α, is the size of the shortest formula of F that represents α. In this paper we assume that knowledge is either a set of propositional interpretations (models) or a set of propositional formulae (theorems). We provide a formal way of talking about the relative ability of PKR formalisms to compactly represent a set of models or a set of theorems. We introduce two new compactness measures, the corresponding classes, and show that the relative space efficiency of a PKR formalism in representing models/theorems is directly related to such classes. In particular, we consider formalisms for nonmonotonic reasoning, such as circumscription and default logic, as well as belief revision operators and the stable model semantics for logic programs with negation. One interesting result is that formalisms with the same time complexity do not necessarily belong to the same space efficiency class.
Concepts of Programming Languages, 9th edition
Authors: Robert W. Sebesta
Venue:  (2009)

KEY BENEFIT: A thorough introduction to the main constructs of contemporary programming languages and the tools needed to critically evaluate existing and future programming languages. KEY TOPICS: Evolution of the Major Programming Languages; Describing Syntax and Semantics; Lexical and Syntax Analysis; Names, Bindings, Type Checking, and Scopes; Data Types; Expressions and Assignment Statements; Statement-Level Control Structures; Subprograms; Implementing Subprograms; Abstract Data Types and Encapsulation Constructs; Support for Object-Oriented Programming; Concurrency; Exception Handling and Event Handling; Functional Programming Languages; Logic Programming Languages MARKET: An ideal reference encapsulating the history and future of programming languages.
Ambient conversations using a physical avatar
Authors: Kate Lund, Paul Coulton, Reuben Edwards
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era (2009)

The Nabaztag is an ambient, internet-enabled device which is designed to introduce a young audience to web-based social interactions. It connects wirelessly to the internet, allowing users to access a variety of services, ranging from the audio relay of RSS feeds and text based messages, to visual displays of light sequences and ear rotations. Interaction with the Nabaztag relies upon the manufacturer's website and independently created desktop widgets. In this paper we present the design and analysis of a novel mobile phone widget, which provides a mobile interface to the Nabaztag. The widget provides a mobile solution allowing users to communicate more freely with the target device and ultimately extending user interaction. The results from a preliminary trial with young children using the widget and rabbits to interact with a parent in their workplace highlights the potential benefits of the use of a physical avatar for developing early social-technical experiences.
Understanding the value of features for coreference resolution
Authors: Eric Bengtson, Dan Roth
Venue: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2008)

In recent years there has been substantial work on the important problem of coreference resolution, most of which has concentrated on the development of new models and algorithmic techniques. These works often show that complex models improve over a weak pairwise baseline. However, less attention has been given to the importance of selecting strong features to support learning a coreference model. This paper describes a rather simple pairwise classification model for coreference resolution, developed with a well-designed set of features. We show that this produces a state-of-the-art system that outperforms systems built with complex models. We suggest that our system can be used as a baseline for the development of more complex models -- which may have less impact when a more robust set of features is used. The paper also presents an ablation study and discusses the relative contributions of various features.
Identification of Flow-Routing Sequence from DEMs Based on Quicksort
Authors: Bang Yang, Liliang Ren, Furong Chen, Xiaofan Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology - Volume 02 (2009)

As most of the distributed hydrological models are based on the channel networks extracted from Digital Elevation Models, for distributed modeling to be implemented, the channel networks must be ranked to determine a flow- routing sequence. In this paper, an algorithm identifying flow- routing sequence from DEMs by the Quicksort rank method is presented. Working recursively via a divide-and-conquer method, the Quicksort procedure will efficiently produce a chain matrix of ascending flow accumulation in which the flow-routing ordering of the channels is recorded. The flow-routing sequence information extracted by the new method can be flexibly applied in either a grid-based model or a catchment-based model. The application of a catchment-based Xin’anjiang model in the Mishui study area confirms the convenience and applicability of the new method.
Head tilting for interaction in mobile contexts
Authors: Andrew Crossan, Mark McGill, Stephen Brewster, Roderick Murray-Smith
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (2009)

Developing interfaces for mobile situations requires that devices are useable on the move. Here, we explore head tilting as an input technique to allow a user to interact with a mobile device 'hands free'. A Fitts' Law style evaluation is described where a user acquires targets, moving the cursor by head tilt. We explore d position and velocity control cursor mechanisms in both static and mobile situations to see which provided the best level of performance. Results show that participants could successfully acquire targets using head tilting. Position control was shown to be si gnificantly faster and more accurate in a static context, but exhi bited significantly poorer accuracy and longer target acquisition times when the user was on the move. We further demonstrate how analysis of user's gait shows consistent targeting biases at different stages in the gait cycle.
A Probabilistic Framework for 3D Visual Object Representation
Authors: Renaud Detry, Nicolas Pugeault, Justus H. Piater
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2009)

We present an object representation framework that encodes probabilistic spatial relations between 3D features and organizes these features in a hierarchy. Features at the bottom of the hierarchy are bound to local 3D descriptors. Higher level features recursively encode probabilistic spatial configurations of more elementary features. The hierarchy is implemented in a Markov network. Detection is carried out by a belief propagation algorithm, which infers the pose of high-level features from local evidence and reinforces local evidence from globally consistent knowledge, effectively producing a likelihood for the pose of the object in the detection scene. We also present a simple learning algorithm that autonomously builds hierarchies from local object descriptors. We explain how to use our framework to estimate the pose of a known object in an unknown scene. Experiments demonstrate the robustness of hierarchies to input noise, viewpoint changes, and occlusions.
Human Centered Design of Mobile Machines by a Virtual Environment
Authors: Hassan Yousefi, Amir Mohssen Soleimani, Heikki Handroos
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 (2009)

Psychomechatronics is a new holistic discipline that integrates mechatronics and cognitive science, offering innovative methods that lead to the concurrent design of human---machine systems. According to current methods, mechatronics features are designed first and human factors are considered thereafter. A problem with this approach is that it is often too late to impose significant changes in the mechatronics design at that time. Psychomechatronics, on the other hand, takes the nature of human cognition as the starting point of systems design and therefore it is a human-centered design principle. It does not adhere to the conventional sequential approach but applies simultaneously both mechatronics and cognitive science at the same conceptual stage, which optimizes the design of hybrid human---machine systems. The paper presents the key ideas of psychomechatronics design method with special reference to mobile machinery. The required virtual environment for carrying out the psychomechatronics design of mobile machines is described. The paper presents the results of applying usability test in a virtual environment for a sample mining machine.
From meaning making to joint construction of knowledge practices and artefacts: a trialogical approach to CSCL
Authors: Paavola Sami, Hakkarainen Kai
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1 (2009)

CSCL research is often closely connected to dialogic theories of learning and human cognition with an emphasis on shared meaning making. Without neglecting this viewpoint we give reasons for an alternative framework. We call this alternative a "trialogical" approach; it emphasizes joint and organized work with artefacts and practices as a basis for collaborative learning. The paper explains the use of this notion and clarifies theoretical backgrounds for the approach in line with the knowledge creation metaphor of learning, and relates it especially to knowledge building and socio-cultural and cultural-historical theories of human cognition. Various theories concerning mediation are briefly analyzed. The paper also explains how dialogues and trialogues are close to each other if, for example, the role of common ground is analyzed further. Lastly, design principles of the trialogical approach are concisely described.
Form one students' engagement with computer games and its effect on their academic achievement in a Malaysian secondary school
Authors: Yee Leng Eow, Wan Zah bte Wan Ali, Rosnaini bt. Mahmud, Roselan Baki
Venue: Computers Education (2009)

The main purpose of the study was to address the association between computer games and students' academic achievement. The exceptional growth in numbers of children playing computer games, the uneasiness and incomplete understanding foundation when starting the discussion on computer games have stimulated this study to be conducted. From a survey conducted on 236 form one students in one of the Malaysian secondary school, 75.8 percent were gamers. Playing computer games seemed to be more stereotypically boy's activity with 91.3 percent of the boys engaged in computer games compared to 54.1 percent among the girls. They spent an average of 8.47 hours per week playing computer games. Parents and teachers' concern about computer games was not something that went unwarranted as an overall result was predicting computer games as having negative associations with students' academic achievement. However, in-depth analyses by combinations of classes done step by step indicated that the initial results could be overruled by students from the last class, whom need extra attentions. As a conclusion, the findings in this study suggest some interesting yet ultimately weak associations between playing computer games and students' academic achievement. Nevertheless, caution is warranted in making any generalization as looking at the population as a whole will be different from its components. The generalizability of this study's findings is limited by the nature of the sample. Even so, blaming computer games for the students' bad academic performance in school is unjustified as there are many more other factors to look into before finding computer games as the scapegoat.
An optimization approach for joint pricing and ordering problem in an integrated inventory system with order-size dependent trade credit
Authors: Liang-Yuh Ouyang, Chia-Huei Ho, Chia-Hsien Su
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2009)

Under a business trading environment, it is common for the trade credit to depend on the order size. Therefore, it is important to discuss the single-supplier and single-buyer supply chain problem which includes order-size dependent trade credit. In this study, an integrated inventory model with a price sensitive demand rate, determining jointly economic lot size of the buyer's ordering and the supplier's production batch, are developed to maximize the total profit per unit time. An efficient algorithm is provided to obtain the optimal solution, and then numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. Finally, the comparison between whether an optimal solution is jointly or independently determined is also provided.
On the Trade-Off between User-Location Privacy and Queried-Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ryan Vogt, Mario A. Nascimento, Janelle Harms
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ad-Hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks (2009)

By eavesdropping on a user's query in a sensor network, an adversary can deduce both the user's location and his/her area of interest. In many domains it is desirable to guarantee privacy of both places. We propose an effective way to measure how well issuing a disperse set of k queries protects the user's area of interest. However, issuing k queries instead of one facilitates the adversary determining the user's location. To address that issue, we define a quantitative measure of how much information the k queries leak about the user's location. Experiments reveal that how dispersed the k queries are has no effect on the privacy of the user's location. However, smaller k, randomized routing, and non-broadcast transmission improve the user's location privacy. We also show that compromising nodes in the user's network yields no significant advantage to the adversary over an eavesdropping strategy.