ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Quality of service provisioning for composable routing elements
Authors: Seung Chul Han, Puneet Zaroo, David K. Y. Yau, Yu Dong, Prem Gopalan, John C. S. Lui
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2006)

Quality of service (QoS) provisioning for dynamically composable software elements in a programmable router has not received much attention. We present a router platform that supports extensible and configurable routing elements, and provides them with access to given resource allocations. Scheduling issues for these elements are discussed: (1) flow-based scheduling, (2) the preemptibility of a pipeline of elements, (3) CPU conservation for idle elements, (4) the CPU balance between input, output, and processing elements and its effects on buffer provisioning, and (5) performance interactions between the packet forwarding plane and the service extension control plane. To demonstrate how QoS provisioning in our system can benefit end users, we use a video scaling application that can respond gracefully to network congestion. For the application, we quantify how router resource management impacts the end-to-end quality of decoded video. Ours appears to be the first comprehensive experimental evaluation of a software system that supports QoS-aware processing of lightweight, dynamic router elements.
METHADIS: Methodology for the Design of Adaptive Hypermedia Systems for Learning based on Learning and Cognitive Styles
Authors: Marcela Prieto, Francisco Garcia
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

The design of eLearning systems aimed at personalizing the learning process, and which are based on given learning and cognitive styles, implies, from the teaching perspective, a need for evaluating potential teaching environments adapted to the preferences and forms of information processing of the students. In order to systematize this task, we have developed a methodology METHADIS which, based on a leaning objective, and by means of following a sequence of steps, determines instructional strategies custom-design for the specific needs of different users. Thus the contents, information formats, and activities are presented as a function of the learning styles; the helps and navigational options are given as a function of the specifics of each cognitive style. METHADIS was applied to a case of study where performance was compared between students in an experimental group which interacted with a hypermedia system design using this methodology and that of a control group.
Success and Failure Suppressing Reflexive Behavior
Authors: Clayton E. Curtis, Mark D'esposito
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

The dynamic interplay between reflexive and controlled determinants of behavior is one of the most general organizing principles of brain function. A powerful analogue of this interplay is seen in the antisaccade task, which pits reflexive and willed saccadic mechanisms against one another. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain showed greater prestimulus preparatory activity in the pre-supplementary motor area before voluntary antisaccades (saccades away from a target) compared with reflexive prosaccades (saccades to a target). Moreover, this preparatory activity was critically associated with reflex suppression; it predicted whether the reflex was later successfully inhibited in the trial. These dataillustrate a mechanism for top-down control over reflexive behavior.
Verb-Noun Directory for Telecommunications Services Look-up
Authors: Yang Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

We proposed a 5-dimension verb-noun structure for service description and lookup, with the aim to improve existing service description standards and flexibility of service matchmaking. We looked at how this approach could add value to the current telecommunications service ordering process.
Securing Fingerprint Template: Fuzzy Vault with Helper Data
Authors: Umut Uludag, Anil Jain
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

An important issue gaining attention in biometrics community is the security and privacy of biometric systems: How robust are these systems against attacks? What happens if the biometric template is lost or stolen? Can the privacy of the users be preserved even when a security breach occurs? Among the numerous attacks that can be launched against these systems, protecting the user template that is stored either locally (e.g., on a smart card) or centrally (e.g., on the server) is a major concern. As a possible solution to this problem, a new class of algorithms, termed biometric cryptosystems has been proposed. These systems do not store the original template but only a transformed version of the template within a cryptographic framework. An example of such systems is the fuzzy vault construct proposed by Juels and Sudan. In this construct, the biometric template is converted to a 2D point cloud, containing a secret such as a symmetric encryption key. The operation of the vault requires some "helper" data. In this paper, we present an implementation of the fuzzy fingerprint vault based on orientation field based helper data that is automatically extracted from the fingerprints. We further show that this helper data does not leak any information about fingerprint minutiae, hence complementing the increased user privacy afforded by the fuzzy fingerprint vault. We demonstrate the vault performance on a public domain fingerprint database.
Transition Fault Test Reuse
Authors: E. Bareisa, V. Jusas, K. Motiejunas, R. Seinauskas
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design (2006)

The design complexity of systems on a chip drives the need to reuse legacy or intellectual property cores, whose gate-level implementation details are unavailable. The core test depends on manufacturing technologies and changes permanently during a design lifecycle. The purpose of this paper is to assist the designer in the decision making how to test transition faults of re-synthesized intellectual property cores. We have performed various comprehensive experiments with combinational benchmark circuits. The comparison of the detection of the transition faults for different implementations of the circuit was carried out. Our experiments show that the test sets generated for a particular circuit realization fail to detect in average only less than one and a half percent of the transition faults of the re-synthesized circuit. The possibilities of the reuse of functional delay test were studied as well.
Privacy preserving Data Mining Algorithms without the use of Secure Computation or Perturbation
Authors: Alex Gurevich, Ehud Gudes
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium (2006)

In our era Knowledge is not "just" information anymore, it is an asset. Data mining can be used to extract important knowledge from large databases. These days, it is often the case that such databases are distributed among several organizations who would like to cooperate in order to extract global knowledge, but at the same time, privacy concerns may prevent the parties from directly sharing the data among them. The two current main methods to perform data mining tasks without compromising privacy are: the perturbation method and the secure computation method. Many papers and published algorithms are based on those two methods. Yet, both have some disadvantages, like reduced accuracy for the first and increased overhead for the second. In this article we offer a new paradigm to perform privacy-preserving distributed data mining without using those methods, we present three algorithms for association rule mining which use this paradigm, and discuss their privacy and performance characteristics.
Assessing conceptual change in an anchored, case-based environment
Authors: Charles K. Kinzer, Manu Kapur, Dana W. Cammack, Sarah Lohnes
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

We (1) present an argument that anchored, case-based instruction, delivered interactively over the WWW has benefits for the conceptual development of preservice teachers, and (2) argue that a commonly-used measure can be modified to provide sophisticated insights into conceptual change. These goals are met by providing evidence from a two-group, large-scale experimental study of preservice teachers using multimedia, anchored cases in their preservice literacy methods courses.
The Development of Load Characteristics Information Network System to Improve the Estimated Efficiency of Load Synthesis in Taipower
Authors: J. C. Hwang, C. W. Huang, C. T. Cheng
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control - Volume 1 (2006)

This paper presents a convenient networking tool to improve the estimated efficiency of the load synthesis in Taipower. In the early, 7~9 days are needed to complete the procedure of load synthesis, but now, 2 minutes are needed only. A Client/Server network architecture are designed in the load characteristic network information system(LCINS) which has been running in the intranet of Taipower to estimate the load synthesis based on the load characteristic information of load survey in Taipower. The LCINS includes a load database system and a load synthesis estimation model, the load database system which are designed by the Microsoft SQL Server includes six sub-databases .Besides store and manage effectively the power consumption and property data of customers, some middle-data data tables are designed in the database system to improve the performance of estimated procedure, the load synthesis estimation model which are designed by the Visual Basic had been applied to integer the load database and the load synthesis procedure and to present the needed information for user by network. The load synthesis information which is applied to calculate the energy sales cost of 10 contractual category customers, so it is very important to help the department of accounting to determine the billing strategy. By the load survey research in Taipower, 1700 survey customers' load data has been applied to the procedure of load synthesis since 1992.
Time-frequency kernel design via point and derivative constraints
Authors: M. G. Amin, J. F. Carroll
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,1994. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04 (1994)

Point and derivative constraints are used to provide a wide class of kernels suitable for time-frequency representation of signals. The kernel design is viewed as a solution of linearly constrained minimization problem in which the desired t-f linear constraints constitute a constraint matrix and the time-frequency kernel is one dimensional. This formulation permits a closed form solution; similar to that encountered in beamforming, where the Quiescent pattern corresponds to the Born-Jordan kernel. The constraint matrix can be augmented by derivative constraints which extend the solution space to include kernels with various characteristics.
Analyzing collaborative learning: multiple approaches to understanding processes and outcomes
Authors: Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences (2006)

It is important to consider collaborative processes from multiple perspectives because collaborative learning environments are complex, often requiring multiple methodological approaches to understand their different aspects (Hmelo-Silver, 2003). Collaborative learning is the subject of study in a wide variety of disciplines such as developmental psychology (e.g., sociocognitive conflict), social psychology (person perception, motivation, group processes), sociology (status, power and authority), cognitive psychology (how learning occurs, learning outcomes) and sociocultural perspectives (cultural influence on interaction, mediation of learning). These different perspectives suggest that a variety of methodological tools are needed to understand collaborative interactions. Each of the papers in this symposium explores one or more methods for examining the quality of collaborative interactions. The discussion will focus on criteria for good analyses of collaborative work as well as strengths and limitations of various methods.
Bridging the Gap between the SemanticWeb and Existing Network Services
Authors: Nickolas J. G. Falkner, Paul D. Coddington, Andrew L. Wendelborn
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

This paper presents an overview of a mechanism for bridging the gaps between the Semantic Web data and services, and existing network-based services that are not semantically-annotated or do not meet the requirements of Semantic Web-based applications. The Semantic Web is a relatively new set of technologies that mutually interoperate well but often require mediation, translation or wrapping to interoperate with existing network-based services. Seen as an extension of network-based services and the WWW, the Semantic Web constitutes an expanding system that can require significant effort to integrate and develop services while still providing seamless service to users. New components in a system must interoperate with the existing components and their use of protocols and shared data must be structurally and semantically equivalent. The new system must continue to meet the original system requirements as well as providing the new features or facilities. We propose a new model of network services using a knowledge-based approach that defines services and their data in terms of an ontology that can be shared with other components.
A rectangular finite element formulation
Authors: Namik Kemal Öztorun
Venue: Finite Elements in Analysis and Design (2006)

A finite element formulation for the static and dynamic analysis of linear-elastic space structures composed of plate- and beam-type members is presented in this study. In general, finite elements can be used efficiently for the analysis of linear-elastic structures with shear walls built by the use of tunnel forms. The element considered in the present study has six degrees of freedom at each node and an in-plane rotational degree of freedom, which makes it compatible with three-dimensional (3D) beam-type finite element models. The rigidity coefficients of the element are determined analytically. The element can be used with facility for the modeling of a shear wall with the connections of slab components. The finite element considered here yields highly accurate results with a very small number of elements. Convergence studies have been conducted on actual structures by using several models to check the performance of the rectangular finite elements. Acceptable results are obtained with coarse meshes and reasonable convergence is observed on the models tested. A special purpose computer program "TUNAL" developed for 3D analysis of linear-elastic structures and the finite element formulation is embedded within the program library. The validity of the assumptions and simplifications commonly made in the analysis of shear-wall-frame structures are investigated.
A Lightweight Key Management Protocol for Hierarchical Sensor Networks
Authors: Zeng Qingguang, Cui Yanling, Luo Juan
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (2006)

Key Management is a fundamental security service in distributed sensor networks. In this paper, the focus is to design a lightweight group key management scheme to safeguard the data packet passing on the sensor networks under different types of attacks. We propose an energy efficient level-based hierarchical system and build the secure route from the source node to sink node .We compromise between the energy consumption and the shortest path by utilizing the number of neighbors (NBR) of a sensor when renewing a cluster head or choosing the next hop in the hierarchical clusters. In addition, our protocol contains group communication policies, group membership requirements and an algorithm for generating a distributed group key for secure communication.
Mining Interface Specifications for Generating Checkable Robustness Properties
Authors: Mithun Acharya, Tao Xie, Jun Xu
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (2006)

A software system interacts with its environment through interfaces. Improper handling of exceptional returns from system interfaces can cause robustness problems. Robust- ness of software systems are governed by various tempo- ral properties related to interfaces. Static verification has been shown to be effective in checking these temporal prop- erties. But manually specifying these properties is cum- bersome and requires the knowledge of interface specifica- tions, which are often either unavailable or undocumented. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to automati- cally infer system-specific interface specifications from pro- gram source code. We use a model checker to generate traces related to the interfaces. From these model check- ing traces, we infer interface specification details such as return value on success or failure. Based on these inferred specifications, we translate generically specified interface robustness rules to concrete robustness properties verifi- able by static checking. Hence the generic rules can be specified at an abstract level that needs no knowledge of the source code, system, or interfaces. We implement our framework for an existing static analyzer that employs push down model checking and apply the analyzer to the well known POSIX-API system interfaces. We found 28 robust- ness violations in 10 open source packages using our frame- work.
Program annotations: feedback for students learning to program
Authors: Peter Bancroft, Paul Roe
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Austalian conference on Computing education - Volume 52 (2006)

This paper presents a novel program annotation mechanism which enables students to obtain feedback from tutors on their programs in a far simpler and more efficient way than is possible with, for example, email. A common scenario with beginning students is to email tutors with copies of their malfunctioning programs. Unfortunately the emailed program often bears little resemblance to the program the student has been trying to make work; often it is incomplete, a different version and corrupted. We propose an annotation mechanism enabling students to simply and easily annotate their programs with comments asking for help. Similarly our mechanism enables tutors to view students' programs and to reply to their comments in a simple and structured fashion. This means students can get frequent and timely feedback on their programs; tutors can provide such feedback efficiently, and hence students' learning is greatly improved.
A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study on Category Effects: Bottom&ndash;Up or Top&ndash;Down Mediation?
Authors: Andrea Mechelli, Cathy J. Price, Uta Noppeney, Karl J. Friston
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2003)

In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate whether object category effects in the occipital and temporal cortex are mediated by inputs from early visual cortex or parietal regions. Resolving this issue may provide anatomical constraints on theories of category specificity&mdash; which make different assumptions about the underlying neurophysiology. The data were acquired by Ishai, Ungerleider, Martin, Schouten, and Haxby (1999, 2000) and provided by the National fMRI Data Center (http://www.fmridc.org). The original authors used a conventional analysis to estimate differential effects in the occipital and temporal cortex in response to pictures of chairs, faces, and houses. We extended this approach by estimating neuronal interactions that mediate category effects using DCM. DCM uses a Bayesian framework to estimate and make inferences about the influence that one region exerts over another and how this is affected by experimental changes. DCM differs from previous approaches to brain connectivity, such as multivariate autoregressive models and structural equation modeling, as it assumes that the observed hemodynamic responses are driven by experimental changes rather than endogenous noise. DCM therefore brings the analysis of brain connectivity much closer to the analysis of regionally specific effects usually applied to functional imaging data. We used DCM to estimate the influence that V3 and the superior/inferior parietal cortex exerted over category-responsive regions and how this was affected by the presentation of houses, faces, and chairs. We found that category effects in occipital and temporal cortex were mediated by inputs from early visual cortex. In contrast, the connectivity from the superior/inferior parietal area to the category-responsive areas was unaffected by the presentation of chairs, faces, or houses. These findings indicate that category effects in the occipital and temporal cortex can be mediated by bottom&ndash;up mechanisms&mdash;a finding that needs to be embraced by models of category specificity.
3D Facial Expression Recognition Based on Primitive Surface Feature Distribution
Authors: Jun Wang, Lijun Yin, Xiaozhou Wei, Yi Sun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (2006)

The creation of facial range models by 3D imaging systems has led to extensive work on 3D face recognition [19]. However, little work has been done to study the usefulness of such data for recognizing and understanding facial expressions. Psychological research shows that the shape of a human face, a highly mobile facial surface, is critical to facial expression perception. In this paper, we investigate the importance and usefulness of 3D facial geometric shapes to represent and recognize facial expressions using 3D facial expression range data. We propose a novel approach to extract primitive 3D facial expression features, and then apply the feature distribution to classify the prototypic facial expressions. In order to validate our proposed approach, we have conducted experiments for person-independent facial expression recognition using our newly created 3D facial expression database. We also demonstrate the advantages of our 3D geometric based approach over 2D texture based approaches in terms of various head poses.
Dynamic radiation dose visualization in discrete-event nuclear facility simulation models
Authors: George H. Tompkins, Drew E. Kornreich, Robert Y. Parker, Andrew C. Koehler, Johnell M. Gonzales-Lujan, Robert J. Burnside
Venue: Proceedings of the 36th conference on Winter simulation (2004)

To improve its process modeling capabilities, Los Alamos has worked toward integrating dose modeling tools with advanced discrete-event simulation tools. To date, dose information for a model was preprocessed and then incorporated into a process model. In this paper, we describe a quantum improvement in our capabilities by linking a dose calculation kernel to the discrete-event modeling environment through the customizable routine capabilities provided by the Flexsim&trade; code. The Flexsim&trade; model uses ray-tracing routines to calculate the source and detector locations and determines the materials, thickness, and order of any shields between the source and detector. With this information, the dose calculation kernel is then able to calculate, in a postprocessing setting, the associated dose. Thus, we are able to determine the time-varying and integrated exposure of workers to ionizing radiation, which will be integral to planning for future nuclear facilities in the DOE complex.