ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
On the conversion between IFPUG and COSMIC software functional size units: A theoretical and empirical study
Authors: Juan J. Cuadrado-Gallego, Fernando Machado-Piriz, Javier Aroba-Páez
Venue: Journal of Systems and Software (2008)

Since 1984 the International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) has produced and maintained a set of standards and technical documents about a functional size measurement methods, known as IFPUG, based on Albrecht function points. On the other hand, in 1998, the Common Software Measurement International Consortium (COSMIC) proposed an improved measurement method known as full function points (FFP). Both the IFPUG and the COSMIC methods both measure functional size of software, but produce different results. In this paper, we propose a model to convert functional size measures obtained with the IFPUG method to the corresponding COSMIC measures. We also present the validation of the model using 33 software projects measured with both methods. This approach may be beneficial to companies using both methods or migrating to COSMIC such that past data in IFPUG can be considered for future estimates using COSMIC and as a validation procedure.
Optimal control of Goursat systems in irregular domains
Authors: S. A. Belbas
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2004)

We report a new type of Hamiltonian equations and maximum principle for the optimal control of a Goursat system when the underlying domain of 2-D "time" is not rectangular and has non-smooth boundary. The resulting Hamiltonian equations form a system of impulsive hyperbolic partial differential equations, with the impulses induced by the conditions on the costate at points of discontinuity on the boundary of the domain. This type of Hamiltonian equations has no counterpart in either control of ODEs or in control of hyperbolic problems in a rectangular domain or in a domain with smooth boundary.
Enhanced swarm-like agents for dynamically adaptive data clustering
Authors: Sherin M. Youssef, Mohamed Rizk, Mohamed El-Sherif
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications (2008)

Data clustering algorithms play an important role in effectively navigating, summarizing, and organizing information. Inspired by the self-organized behaviour of bird flocks, a new dynamic clustering approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed. In this paper, we introduced the PSDC approach, new particle swarm-like agents for multidimensional data clustering. Unlike other partition clustering algorithms, this technique does not require initial partitioned seeds and it can dynamically adapt to the changes in the global shape or size of the clusters. In this technique, the agents have lots of useful features such as sensing, thinking, making decisions and moving freely in the solution space. The moving swarm-like agents are guided to move according to a specific proposed navigation rules. Numerous experiments have been conducted using both synthetic and real datasets to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. Cluster validity approaches are used to quantitatively evaluate the results of the clustering algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed particle swarm-like clustering algorithm reaches good clustering solutions and achieves superior performance compared to others.
Usability engineering for mobile maps
Authors: Rosemarijn Looije, Guido M. te Brake, Mark A. Neerincx
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology (2007)

Many applications for mobile devices make use of maps, but because interaction with these maps can be laborious the applications are often hard to use. Therefore, the usability of maps on mobile devices must be improved. In this paper we review the research that has been done to solve technical, environmental, and social challenges of mobile map use. We will discuss interaction, visualization, and adaptive user support for maps on mobile devices. We propose usability engineering as the method that should be used when developing maps for mobile applications.
Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform (Windows.Net), 3Rev Ed edition
Authors: Andrew Troelsen
Venue:  (2008)

Whether youre moving to .NET for the first time, or youre already writing applications on .NET 2.0 or .NET 3.0, Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform will provide you with a solid grounding in this new technology and serve as a comprehensive reference throughout your coding career: Explore five new chapters of contentincluding the grammar of the common intermediate language (CIL), .NET generics, and object serialization services. Discover all the new .NET 3.5 featuresnullable types, delegate covariance, ASP.NET 2.0 master pages, the new Windows Forms Strip controls, and much more. Get a professional footholdtargeted to appeal to experienced software professionals and/or graduate students of computer science (so dont expect three chapters on iteration or decision constructs!). Gain a rocksolid foundation in programming using Visual Basic. Get comfortable with all the core aspects of the .NET platformincluding assemblies, remoting, Windows Forms, Web Forms, ADO.NET, XML web services, and much more. Once youve digested the information contained in the 25 chapters of this 1000+ page book, youll be ready to apply this knowledge to your specific programming assignments and well equipped to explore the .NET universe on your own. What youll learn Everything you need to put .NET 3.5 and Visual Basic 2008 to use in your professional workbefore anyone else! Insights and techniques from the authors experience since .NET 1.0 Complete coverage of .NET 3.5WPF, WCF and WF Who is this book for? Anyone with some software development experience interested in the new .NET 3.5 Platform and the Visual Basic language. Whether youre moving to .NET for the first time or youre already writing applications on .NET 2.0 or .NET 3.0, this book will provide you with a solid grounding in this new technology and serve as a comprehensive reference throughout your coding career. Related Titles Beginning VB 2008 Databases: From Novice to Professional Beginning ASP.NET 3.5 in VB 2008: From Novice to Professional Visual Basic 2008 Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach Pro WPF in VB 2008: Windows Presentation Foundation in .NET 3.5 About the Apress Pro Series You have gotten the job; now you need to hone your skills in these tough competitive times. The Apress Pro series expands your skills and expertise in exactly the areas you need. Master the content of a Pro book, and you will always be able to get the job done in a professional development project. Written by experts in their field, Pro series books from Apress give you the hard-won solutions to problems you will face in your professional programming career.
Enhancing Indoor Positioning Accuracy by Utilizing Signals from Both the Mobile Phone Network and the Wireless Local Area Network
Authors: Junyang Zhou, Wilson Man-Chung Yeung, Joseph Kee-Yin Ng
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (2008)

Indoor positioning technology and its accuracy are crucial research topics for ubiquitous computing. While the GSM-based approach has always been used to provide outdoor positioning to compensate the lost of GPS in urban area, we seldom see systems that utilize the GSM-based approach for indoor positioning. On the other hand, the WLAN-based approach is widely used to provide indoor positioning service. However, with its Ad hoc layout and signal fluctuation, it is hard to provide a good performance based on the WLAN-based approach. In this paper, we develop an indoor positioning system that makes use of both GSM and WLAN signals to do location estimation such that the resultant system is more accurate and more stable and thus enhancing the performance of the whole system. Experimental results show that our system is stable and can reach centimeter-level accuracy, which outperforms other existing indoor positioning systems that utilizes a single network only.
A course model implemented in a teacher's learning community context: issues of course assessment
Authors: G. Hlapanis, A. Dimitrakopoulou
Venue: Behaviour & Information Technology (2007)

How could we design course programmes in a teachers' learning community context? Is it possible to conceive a concrete and appropriate course model? And if so, how could we assess the effectiveness of such a course model in such a complex learning situation? In this paper, a model implementation of technology-based courses is presented. The model was specified according to adult collaborative learning principles and was implemented in a learning community context. This model was put into practice during a distance learning educational programme, concerning further education of in-service primary and secondary education teachers. The programme was named School-Teacher's Learning Community and hosted many different web-based supported courses. Within this broad e-Learning Community students were educated, via the Internet, on aspects mainly concerning uses of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their teaching practices. The application of the previously specified course model was pursued, yet instructors responsible for each course were given substantial independence and the degree of harmonization with the course model was up to them. Some aspects of the case study, which was conducted within the context of this educational programme, are also presented. Emphasis was given to correlations that are derived from the analysis of data related to the research question concerning 'the extent of successful results that the application of the specified course model produced'. Course assessment issues were dealt with and evaluation of positive results was accomplished through the measurement of the degree of satisfaction of certain criteria that were considered decisive. Finally, conclusions, benefits and perspectives of issues presented in the paper are also presented.
Directional MAC and routing schemes for power controlled Wireless Mesh Networks with adaptive antennas
Authors: A. Capone, F. Martignon, L. Fratta
Venue: Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged recently as a technology for next-generation wireless networking. Several approaches that exploit directional and adaptive antennas have been proposed in the literature to increase the performance of WMNs. However, while adaptive antennas can improve the wireless medium utilization by reducing radio interference and the impact of the exposed nodes problem, they can also exacerbate the hidden nodes problem. Therefore, efficient MAC protocols are needed to fully exploit the features offered by adaptive antennas. Furthermore, routing protocols that were designed for omnidirectional communications can be redesigned to exploit directional transmissions and the cross-layer interaction between the MAC and the network layer. In this paper we first propose a novel Power-Controlled Directional MAC protocol (PCD-MAC) for adaptive antennas. PCD-MAC uses the standard RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK exchange procedure. The novel difference is the transmission of the RTS and CTS packets in all directions with a tunable power while the DATA and ACK are transmitted directionally at the minimal required power. We then propose the Directional Deflection Routing (DDR), a routing algorithm that exploits multiple paths towards the destination based on the MAC layer indication on channel availability in different directions. We measure the performance of PCD-MAC and DDR by simulation of several realistic network scenarios, and we compare them with other approaches proposed in the literature. The results show that our schemes increase considerably both the total traffic accepted by the network and the fairness among competing connections.
Multi-layer MPLS network design: The impact of statistical multiplexing
Authors: Pietro Belotti, Antonio Capone, Giuliana Carello, Federico Malucelli
Venue: Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking (2008)

The possibility of adding multi protocol label switching (MPLS) support to transport networks is considered an important opportunity by telecom carriers that want to add packet services and applications to their networks. However, the question arises whether it is suitable to have MPLS nodes just at the edge of the network to collect packet traffic from users, or to introduce also MPLS facilities on a subset of the core nodes in order to exploit packet switching flexibility and multiplexing, thus inducing a better bandwidth allocation. In this paper, we propose a mathematical programming model for the design of two-layer networks where MPLS is considered on top of transport networks (SDH or WDM depending on required link speed). Our models take into account the tradeoff between the cost of adding MPLS support in the core nodes and the savings in the link bandwidth allocation due to the statistical multiplexing and the traffic grooming effects induced by MPLS nodes. The traffic matrix specifies for each point-to-point request a pair of values: a mean traffic value and an additional one. Using this traffic model, the effect of statistical multiplexing on a link allows to allocate a capacity equal to the sum of all the mean values of the traffic demands routed on the link and only the highest additional one. We propose a path-based Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model for the problem of optimizing the number and location of MPLS nodes in the network and the link capacities. We apply Lagrangian relaxation to this model and use the subgradient method to obtain a lower bound of the network cost. As the number of path variables used to model the routing grows exponentially with the graph size, we use an initially limited number of variables and a column generation approach. We also introduce a heuristic approach to get a good feasible solution. Computational results are reported for small size and real-world instances.
Solving the grid interoperability problem by P-GRADE portal at workflow level
Authors: Peter Kacsuk, Tamas Kiss, Gergely Sipos
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2008)

Grid interoperability has recently become a major issue at Grid forums. Most of the current ideas try to solve the problem at the middleware level where unfortunately too many components (information system, broker, etc.) should be made interoperable. As an alternative concept the P-GRADE portal is the first Grid portal that tries to solve the problem at the level of workflows. It means that the components of a workflow can be executed simultaneously in several Grids. In this way the user can exploit more parallelism than inside one Grid. More than that the workflow level completely hides the low level Grid details for the end-user who does not have to learn the low level Grid commands of different Grids. In this way porting workflow application between different Grids can be done with minimal user efforts. The paper describes those features and techniques that are provided and used by the P-GRADE portal to solve the Grid interoperability problem.
Establishing a lineage for medical knowledge discovery
Authors: Anna Shillabeer, John F. Roddick
Venue: Proceedings of the sixth Australasian conference on Data mining and analytics - Volume 70 (2007)

Medical science has a long history characterised by incidents of extraordinary insights that have resulted in a paradigm shift in the methodologies and approaches used and have moved the discipline forward. While knowledge discovery has much to offer medicine, it cannot be done in ignorance of either this history or the norms of modern medical investigation. This paper explores the lineage of medical knowledge acquisition and discusses the adverse perceptions that data mining techniques will have to surmount to gain acceptance.
GOLD infrastructure for virtual organizations
Authors: P. Periorellis, N. Cook, H. Hiden, A. Conlin, M. D. Hamilton, J. Wu, J. Bryans, X. Gong, F. Zhu, R. Smith, P. Watson, A. R. Wright
Venue: Concurrency and Computation: Practice Experience (2008)

The paper discusses the GOLD project (Grid-based Information Models to Support the Rapid Innovation of New High Value-Added Chemicals) whose principal aim is to carry out research and development into enabling technologies to support the formation, operation and termination of virtual organizations. The paper discusses the outcome of this research, which is the GOLD Middleware infrastructure. The infrastructure has been implemented in the form of a set of Middleware components, which address issues such as trust, security, contract monitoring and enforcement, information management and coordination. We discuss all these issues in turn and more importantly we demonstrate how current WS standards can be used to implement these issues. In addition, the paper follows a top down approach starting with a brief outline on the architectural elements derived during the requirements engineering phase and demonstrates how these elements were mapped onto actual services that were implemented according to service-oriented architecture principles and related technologies. Copyright &copy; 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security for Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Authors: Wei She, Bhavani Thuraisingham
Venue: Information Systems Security (2007)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is the technology that provides the unified business function to the organization by integrating the core processes. ERP now is experiencing the transformation that will make it highly integrated, more intelligent, more collaborative, web-enabled, and even wireless. The ERP system is becoming the system with high vulnerability and high confidentiality in which the security is critical for it to operate. Many ERP vendors have already integrated their security solution, which may work well internally; while in an open environment, we need new technical approaches to secure an ERP system. This paper introduces ERP technology from its evolution through architecture to its products. The security solution in ERP as well as directions for secure ERP systems is presented.
Design of 2-D FIR narrow transition band filters by double transformations using GA approach
Authors: Kuo-Hsien Yeh, Shian-Tang Tzeng
Venue: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing (2008)

In this investigation, subfilters are cascaded in the design of a 2-D narrow transition band FIR digital filter with double transformations, a transformation from wide transition band subfilter into 1-D narrow transition band filter and a McClellan transformation from 1-D filter into 2-D filter. The traditional method for designing a 2-D FIR digital filter with a narrow transition band yields very high orders. The difficulty of the design and implementation will increase with orders exponentially. Numerous identical low-order subfilters are cascaded together to simplify the design of a high-order 2-D filter compared to traditional design method. A powerful genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to determine the best coefficients of the McClellan transformation. It can be used to design any contours of arbitrary shape for mapping 1-D to 2-D FIR filters very effectively. A generalized McClellan transformation is presented, and can be used to design 2-D complex FIR filters. Various numerical design examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the presented approach.
A new method of data transformation for satellite images: II. Transformation equations for SPOT, NOAA, IKONOS, Quick Bird, ASTER, MSS and other images and application
Authors: Z. Y. Zeng
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

By applying the same principles and techniques as described in the first paper, the data transformation equations for SPOT, NOAA, IKONOS, Quick Bird ASTER, and MSS are discussed and presented here. As in TM images, the general radiance level L, the visible-infrared radiation balance B and the band radiance variation vector (direction and speed) V images are all extracted from the above satellite images. All transformed black and white L, B and V images and their colour composites have their universality and individuality. The universality is that the transformed images accord with the three-to-three corresponding regular triangle scheme described in paper I and that the colours on their colour composite are pure, saturated, plentiful, brilliant, information-equilibrated, meaning-definite and close to colours of ground features in nature. The individuality is that the transformed images all have their own regional and seasonal characteristics. The universality is only determined by the coefficients of transformation equations and not dependent upon the original gray level values of image scene in any region and any season. Meanwhile the individuality is only determined by the preservation of regional and seasonal characteristics contained in the original gray level values of concrete image scenes. This paper also deals with the application of the transformed images in image enhancement, ground features interpretation, classification and digital analysis. In addition, some application examples are also offered. Finally the peculiarities and some shortcomings of this method are also summarized.
A Novel Congestion Control Scheme in Network-on-Chip Based on Best Effort Delay-Sum Optimization
Authors: Fahimeh Jafari, Mohammad Sadegh Talebi, Ahmad khonsari, Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee
Venue: Proceedings of the The International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms, and Networks (2008)

With the advances of the semiconductor technology, the enormous number of transistors available on a single chip allows designers to integrate dozens of IP blocks together with large amounts of embedded memory. This has been led to the concept of Network on a Chip (NoC), in which different modules would be connected by a simple network of shared links and routers and is considered as a solution to replace traditional bus-based architectures to address the global communication challenges in nanoscale technologies. In NoC architectures, controlling congestion of the best effort traffic will continue to be an important design goal. Towards this, employing end-to-end congestion control is becoming more imminent in the design process of NoCs. In this paper, we introduce a centralized algorithm based on the delay minimization of Best Effort sources. The proposed algorithm can be used as a mechanism to control the flow of Best Effort source rates by which the sum of propagation delays of network is to be minimized.
Sensor Network, Where Is It Going to Be?
Authors: Polly Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008) (2008)

This is a sequel panel to “Sensor network: Is it for real or just for research?” held 2 years back in SUTC 2006. The sensor network community has worked hard trying to find the rightful places to make sensor networks useful since then. We have seen, over the last couple years, teams reporting experimental use of sensor networks deep in the mountains, up in the air, down underwater, sitting on the roads, deployed in the hospitals, and, the least expected but surprisingly plausible, worn by the dancers in performance art theaters. We all deserve a warm 'well done' given the effort.It is perhaps time to ask ourselves again. Are these applications for real or just for everyone's amusement? Invited panelists are all experts and pioneers who have reported experimental uses of sensor networks in the real world. They will share with us openly the most difficult part of their work and discuss, hopefully also openly, whether they think the sensor network approach is (1) feasible, (2) economical, (3) useful, and, to the extreme, (4) commercializable (i.e., profitable).