ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Distributed implementation of a process-algebra based programming language for embedded systems
Authors: Simon Mørk
Venue: Nordic Journal of Computing (2001)

This paper deals with software development for a particular class of embedded systems. A timed programming language is presented that retains most of the abstract concepts of a process algebra, yet restricts the problems of constructing actual implementations on embedded system platforms.The implementation is given in terms of a translation from the PMC programming language to a model of implementation platforms, called Imp.
Managing evolution and change in web-based teaching and learning environments
Authors: Claus Pahl
Venue: Computers Education (2003)

The state of the art in information technology and educational technologies is evolving constantly. Courses taught are subject to constant change from organisational and subject-specific reasons. Evolution and change affect educators and developers of computer-based teaching and learning environments alike both often being unprepared to respond effectively. Educational systems are often designed and developed without change and evolution in mind. We will present our approach to the design and maintenance of these systems in rapidly evolving environments and illustrate the consequences of evolution and change for these systems and for the educators and developers responsible for their implementation and deployment. We discuss various factors of change, illustrated by a Web-based virtual course, with the objective of raising an awareness of this issue of evolution and change in computer-supported teaching and learning environments. This discussion leads towards the establishment of a development and management framework for teaching and learning systems.
The wireless application protocol: strategic implications for wireless internet services
Authors: Stuart J. Barnes
Venue: Mobile commerce: technology, theory, and applications (2003)

Individually, the Internet and mobile telephony have witnessed extraordinary growth during the last decade. However, only recently have these two areas of technological development begun to converge. The result is the availability of wireless data communications on remote devices, enabling an array of applications tailored for consumer mobility. In this new era, one standard has been hailed as the entry platform for creating mobile Internet services - the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). Whether WAP will become a key platform is unclear, but it has provided an interesting starting point for the emergence of mobile data services. This paper explores the dynamics of the emerging market for WAP services, examining the role of the consumer, suppliers, substitutes, new entrants and rivalry among the players. The paper concludes by examining some of the key strategies for WAP service provision, making some predictions regarding the future of strategic Internet service delivery.
Resource-conscious AI planning with conjunctions and disjunctions
Authors: Peep Küngas
Venue: Acta Cybernetica (2002)

The aim of this work is to develop a resource-conscious Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning system, which allows for nondeterminism in the environment. Such planner has a potential in applications where actions in "real world" are considered.The planning process is based on proof search for a fragment of Linear Logic (LL) [10] sequents using a subset of LL rules. As LL is resource-conscious and has additive disjunction connective (represents nondeterminism), LL sequents are used to describe an application domain, whereby every LL sequent represents pre- and postconditions of a particular action execution.We present an idea to use Petri net reachability tree analysis for finding proofs for propositional LL sequents. Game playing is used to solve LL additive disjunctions. From LL proofs plans are extracted which because of underlying LL properties keep track of resources and handle both deterministic and nondeterministic actions.
A profile of faculty reading and information-use behaviors on the cusp of the electronic age
Authors: Helen Belefant-Miller, Donald W. King
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2003)

The majority of a university faculty's work deals with information or knowledge--finding, getting, reading, and using it. We analyzed the demographic portion of a library use survey given to faculty and staff of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) to obtain a profile of information-related activities carried out by university faculty. Journal articles were the predominant document type that faculty both read and authored. Faculty averaged 4.2 journal subscriptions per person, of which 84% were paid for personally. Twenty-five percent of the faculty had obtained some funds for information products and of those funded, the median amount provided was $500. Faculty spent 24 minutes per day using e-mail and 78 minutes per week using non-e-mail computer network. Faculty reported publishing 3.0 journal articles per year and 31% of the faculty had won an award for professional contributions in the previous 2 years.
A new enhanced SPFD rewiring algorithm
Authors: Jason Cong, Joey Y. Lin, Wangning Long
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design (2002)

This paper presents an in-depth study of the theory and algorithms for the SPFD-based (Set of Pairs of Functions to be Distinguished) rewiring, and explores the flexibility in the SPFD computation. Our contributions are in the following two areas: (1) We present a theorem and a related algorithm for more precise characterization of feasible SPFD-based rewiring. Extensive experimental results show that for LUT-based FPGAs, the rewiring ability of our new algorithm is 70% higher than SPFD-based local rewiring algorithms (SPFD-LR) [19][21] and 18% higher than the recently developed SPFD-based global rewiring algorithm (SPFD-GR)[20]. (2) In order to achieve more rewiring ability on certain selected wires used in various optimizations, we study the impact of using different atomic SPFD pair assignment methods during the SPFD-based rewiring. We develop several heuristic atomic SPFD pair assignment methods for area or delay minimization and show that they lead to 10% more selected rewiring ability than the random (or arbitrary) assignment methods. When combining (1) and (2) together, we can achieve 38.1% higher general rewiring ability.
Modified arc-length adaptive algorithms for degenerate reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Q. Sheng, A. Q. M. Khaliq
Venue: Applied Mathematics and Computation (2002)

This paper is concerned with modified adaptive difference schemes for solving degenerate nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations with singular source terms. The adaptive mechanisms both in space and time are considered. Modified monitor functions based on arc-lengths of the rate function ut are constructed. Further analyses are given on properties of the numerical schemes derived. We show that, under proper smoothness, consistency and step-size constraints, the numerical solution obtained preserves the monotonicity of the physical solution. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the monotonicity and convergence properties of the methods.
Development of an internet virtual layout system for improving workplace safety
Authors: Vincent G. Duffy, Flora F. Wu, Parry P. W. Ng
Venue: Computers in Industry (2003)

There is evidence that human perception of their interaction with real and virtual objects is indistinguishable in some instances. In this work, an Internet-based system is designed to test the influence of modifications in the virtual environment on perception of hazard. Variations in lighting, sound, distance and speed of dynamic virtual objects that include robots and virtual humans are incorporated into the test environment. The system is designed considering that subject testing will incorporate a psychophysical approach to an empirical analysis of risk and hazard perception for risk reduction in the workplace. Virtual and real conditions can be compared. This Internet-based virtual reality facility layout system (IVLS) can be used to test in industry as well as in the laboratory to help demonstrate the relationships between staff perceptions and organizational performance. It is expected that the results of further testing can be used to help industry to establish realistic guidelines for using virtual reality training to improve facility design and reduce hazards in the workplace. Some difficulties are discussed regarding the time to develop the models. Newer technologies that may be suitable for speeding up the model development time are also discussed.
Optimal Transmission Policies for Noisy Channels
Authors: Ger Koole, Zhen Liu, Rhonda Righter
Venue: Operations Research (2001)

We consider transmission policies for multiple users sharing a single wireless link to a base station. The noise, and hence the probability of correct transmission of a packet, depends on the state of the user receiving the packet. The state for each user is independent of the states of the other users and changes according to a two-state (good/bad) Markov chain. The state of a user is observed only when it transmits. We give conditions under which the optimal policy is the myopic policy, in which a packet is transmitted to the user that is most likely to be in the better of the two states. We do this by showing that the optimal value function is marginally linear in each of the users' probabilities of being in the good state. Our model also may be applied to flexible manufacturing systems with unreliable tools and networked computer systems.
Visualizing the affective structure of a text document
Authors: Hugo Liu, Ted Selker, Henry Lieberman
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

This paper introduces an approach for graphically visualizing the affective structure of a text document. A document is first affectively analyzed using a unique textual affect sensing engine, which leverages commonsense knowledge to classify text more reliably and comprehensively than can be achieved with keyword spotting methods alone. Using this engine, sentences are annotated using six basic Ekman emotions. Colors used to represent each of these emotions are sequenced into a color bar, which represents the progression of affect through a text document. Smoothing techniques allow the user to vary the granularity of the affective structure being displayed on the color bar. The bar is hyperlinked in a way such that it can be used to easily navigate the document. A user evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method for visualizing and navigating a document's affective structure facilitates a user's within-document information foraging activity.
Multi-symplectic integration methods for Hamiltonian PDEs
Authors: Brian E. Moore, Sebastian Reich
Venue: Future Generation Computer Systems (2003)

Recent results on numerical integration methods that exactly preserve the symplectic structure in both space and time for Hamiltonian PDEs are discussed. The Preissman box scheme is considered as an example, and it is shown that the method exactly preserves a multi-symplectic conservation law and any conservation law related to linear symmetries of the PDE. Local energy and momentum are not, in general, conserved exactly, but semi-discrete versions of these conservation laws are. Then, using Taylor series expansions, one obtains a modified multi-symplectic PDE and modified conservation laws that are preserved to higher order. These results are applied to the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the sine-Gordon equation in relation to the numerical approximation of solitary wave solutions.
High-density computing: a 240-processor Beowulf in one cubic meter
Authors: Michael S. Warren, Eric H. Weigle, Wu-Chun Feng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing (2002)

We present results from computations on Green Destiny, a 240-processor Beowulf cluster which is contained entirely within a single 19-inch wide 42U rack. The cluster consists of 240 Transmeta TM5600 667-MHz CPUs mounted on RLX Technologies motherboard blades. The blades are mounted side-by-side in an RLX 3U rack-mount chassis, which holds 24 blades. The overall cluster contains 10 chassis and associated Fast and Gigabit Ethernet switches. The system has a footprint of 0.5 meter2 (6 square feet), a volume of 0.85 meter3 (30 cubic feet) and a measured power dissipation under load of 5200 watts (including network switches). We have measured the performance of the cluster using a gravitational treecode N-body simulation of galaxy formation using 200 million particles, which sustained an average of 38.9 Gflops on 212 nodes of the system. We also present results from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of a core-collapse supernova.
Deferred system's design: countering the primacy of reflective IS development with action-based information systems
Authors: Nandish V. Patel
Venue: Adaptive evolutionary information systems (2003)

This chapter examines the issues of who an IS developer is and what constitutes IS design activity. These questions are critical to informing the further progress of evolutionary and adaptable systems. It suggests that action developers should be considered as developers and that IS design should be regarded as ongoing design that is online and in real-time. The IS Design Continuum is introduced to categorise three types of IS design activity, autonomous, specified and deferred. Deferred System 's Design is proposed as incorporating the action developer and ongoing, online design activity that caters for contextual and semantic properties of human information.
Separating computation, coordination and configuration
Authors: L. Andrade, J. L. Fiadeiro, J. Gouveia, G. Koutsoukos
Venue: Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice (2002)

We present methodological and technological solutions for evolving large-scale software systems. These solutions are based on many years of research and experience in developing systems in one of the most volatile application domains--banking. We discuss why 'promising' software development techniques, such as object-oriented and component-based approaches, on their own, cannot meet the challenges and objectives of software development today, and propose a three-layered architectural approach based on the strict separation between computation, coordination and configuration. We present a set of modelling primitives, design principles and support tools through which such an approach can be put effectively into practice, and discuss how it promotes a more 'dynamic' approach to software evolution. Finally, we make comparisons with related work.
Qualms regarding the optimality of cumulative path length control in CSA/CMA-evolution strategies
Authors: Hans-Georg Beyer, Dirk V. Arnold
Venue: Evolutionary Computation (2003)

Cumulative step-size adaptation (CSA) based on path length control is regarded as a robust alternative to the standard mutative self-adaptation technique in evolution strategies (ES), guaranteeing an almost optimal control of the mutation operator. This paper shows that the underlying basic assumption in CSA - the perpendicularity of expected consecutive steps - does not necessarily guarantee optimal progress performance for (µ/µI,λ) intermediate recombinative ES.
Safe & sound: a wireless leash
Authors: Natalia Marmasse, Chris Schmandt
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

Safe & Sound uses location-aware mobile phones to create a "virtual leash"; a secure zone beyond which a child may not travel. If the child leaves this zone, both child and parent receive audible alerts, and the parent can communicate with the child by voice over the phone. The peer-to-peer transmission of location, and the accepted role of responsibility by care-givers, reduce the privacy concerns which often arise with location-aware systems.
A Call Center Uses Simulation to Drive Strategic Change
Authors: Robert M. Saltzman, Vijay Mehrotra
Venue: Interfaces (2001)

A large, customer-focused software company relied on simulation modeling of its call center operations in launching a new fee-based technical-support program. Prior to launching this rapid program, call center managers were concerned about the difficulty of meeting a proposed guarantee to paying customers that they would wait less than one minute on hold. Managers also wanted to know how the new program would affect the service provided to their existing base of regular, nonpaying customers. We quickly developed an animated simulation model that addressed these concerns and gave the managers a good understanding for the impact on system performance of changes in the number of customers purchasing the rapid program and in the number of agents. The one-minute guarantee would be fairly easy to achieve, even if the percentage of callers in the rapid program became quite high. Managers also gained confidence that, with appropriate staffing levels, they could successfully implement the new program, which they soon did.
Designing culturally situated technologies for the home
Authors: Genevieve Bell, Mark Blythe, Bill Gaver, Phoebe Sengers, Peter Wright
Venue: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (2003)

As digital technologies proliferate in the home, the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) community has turned its attention from the workplace and productivity tools towards domestic design environments and non-utilitarian activities. In the workplace, applications tend to focus on productivity and efficiency and involve relatively well-understood requirements and methodologies, but in domestic design environments we are faced with the need to support new classes of activities. While usability is still central to the field, HCI is beginning to address considerations such as pleasure, fun, emotional effect, aesthetics, the experience of use, and the social and cultural impacts of new technologies. These considerations are particularly relevant to the home, where technologies are situated or embedded within an ecology that is rich with meaning and nuance.The aim of this workshop is to explore ways of designing domestic technology by incorporating an awareness of cultural context, accrued social meanings, and user experience.
The asymptotic expansion of a generalised incomplete gamma function
Authors: R. B. Paris
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2003)

We define a generalised incomplete gamma function Lp(a,z), which coincides with the familiar normalised function Q(a,z) = Γ(a,z)/Γ(a) when the integer parameter p = 1. It is shown that the large-z asymptotics of Lp(a,z) in the sector |argz| < πp consists of p exponential expansions. In Re(z) > 0, all these expansions are recessive at infinity and form a sequence of increasingly subdominant exponential contributions.
The epidemiology of liver disease in Tayside database: a population-based record-linkage study
Authors: Douglas T. Steinke, Tanya L. Weston, Andrew D. Morris, Thomas M. MacDonald, John F. Dillon
Venue: Journal of Biomedical Informatics (2002)

Background. The true incidence and prevalence of liver disease is difficult to ascertain because there are few, if any, population-based registers of liver disease available to ensure proper case and comparator selection. The epidemiology of liver disease in Tayside (ELDIT) is a specially built register of liver disease for a well-defined geographical area of Scotland.Aims. This paper describes the electronic linkage of multiple data sources to form ELDIT and provides initial results from the database.Patients. All subjects resident in Tayside and registered with a general practitioner in the study period 1980-1999, approximately 400,000 people.Methods. Electronic record-linkage techniques were employed to include anonymised data from primary and secondary sources. Hospital admissions, dispensed medication, and laboratory results from immunology, virology, and biochemistry were used to identify cases of liver disease. Diagnostic algorithms were used to verify and classify subjects with liver disease. A validation of the algorithms against the clinical diagnosis was used to determine the measure of agreement (true positive rate) of ELDIT.Results. At present approximately 10,000 subjects have been identified with liver disease or abnormal liver function. The data set is nearing completion with cases of rarer liver disease being identified last. Incidence densities for the population were calculated. From the validation study, agreement between electronic and clinical diagnosis was 0.98 and positive predictive value was 0.83 showing electronic diagnostic algorithms are sensitive enough to identify liver disease using para-clinical data.Conclusions. ELDIT demonstrates how clinical information can be harnessed electronically to provide a better understanding of liver disease in a population.
Soliton with non-constant velocity
Authors: Alexandre I. Zenchuk
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

This article develops the dressing method for the investigation of the non-integrable in classical sense nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). We construct (1 + 1)-dimensional family of nonlinear PDE which admits specific type of soliton-like solutions whose velocity depends on the space coordinate. Analogy of zero-curvature representation is discussed briefly.
Improved frequency selective filters
Authors: D. S. G. Pollock
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2003)

An account is given of some techniques for designing recursive frequency-selective filters which can be applied to data sequences of limited duration which may be nonstationary. The designs are based on the Wiener-Kolmogorov theory of signal extraction which employs a statistical model of the processes generating the data. The statistical model may be regarded as an heuristic device which is designed with a view to ensuring that the resulting signal-extraction filters have certain preconceived properties.
Evaluating the effect of semi-normality on the expressiveness of defaults
Authors: Tomi Janhunen
Venue: Artificial Intelligence (2003)

Normal default logic (NDL) and semi-normal default logic (SNDL) are syntactically restricted variants of Reiter's default logic (DL). Although semi-normal defaults have only a slightly more general form than normal defaults, SNDL does not share the nice properties of NDL (e.g., semi-monotonicity). In this note, we address the effect of semi-normality on the expressive power of defaults, using a classification method based on polynomial, faithful, and modular (PFM) translation functions. The resulting classification indicates that SNDL and DL are of equal expressive power, which strictly exceeds that of NDL. This strengthens an earlier result achieved by Marek and Truszczyński, who establish the equivalence of weak semi-normal defaults with general defaults. Furthermore, it is established that prerequisite-free fragments of DL and SNDL (PDL and PSNDL) are of equal expressive power. Consequently, PSNDL is less expressive than DL and SNDL, incomparable with NDL, and more expressive than preferential entailment (a generalized form of circumscription). The latter result is in sharp contrast with Imielinski's result, which states that prerequisite-free and semi-normal default theories can be modularly translated into preferential entailment.