ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Requirements of Peer-to-Peer-based Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming
Authors: Gregor Schiele, Richard Suselbeck, Arno Wacker, Jorg Hahner, Christian Becker, Torben Weis
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (2007)

Massively Multiplayer Online Games have become increasingly popular. However, their operation is costly, as game servers must be maintained. To reduce these costs, we aim at providing a communication engine to develop massively multiplayer online games based on a peer-to-peer system. In this paper we analyze the requirements of such a system and present an overview of our current work.
Improved normalization without recourse to an impostor database for speaker verification
Authors: M. Hebert
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (2000)

Score normalization has become an important facet of modern speaker verification systems. That is, the score of the verification attempt with the claimant voiceprint is usually normalized by the score from a background model or a cohort model. Typically, the determination of these normalizing models requires a priori a database of impostors and is clearly incompatible with real world applications. We propose a scheme to generate a normalizing model by biasing a speaker independent model with the customer's enrollment tokens. For each password of each customer, there exists a privileged direction in model parameter space defined by the speaker independent and dependent models. By changing the location of the speaker independent model along this direction, a family of modified normalizing models can be generated without any knowledge about the impostors. In the difficult task of speaker verification with same-gender impostors, who know the password, 10%-15% error rate reduction is achieved using various biasing mechanisms.
Terrorist Networks Analysis through Argument Driven Hypotheses Model
Authors: D. M. Akbar Hussain
Venue: Proceedings of the The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (2007)

Social network analysis has been used for quite some time to analyze and understand the behavior of nodes in the network. Theses nodes could be individuals or group of persons, events or organizations etc. Infact these nodes could be any thing, importantly, these nodes propagate or do some thing and obviously these nodes have attributes. Social network analysis (SNA) is a multi-model multi-link problem and one can imagine the challenge posed by such multidimensional task. Typically, models represent various processes and their organization including the interaction between processes. Such types of models are Intellective Simulation Models, explaining one particular aspect of the model abstracting other factors present in the model. The standard or normal representation of a typical social network model is through a graph data structure. The dynamics of larger social networks is so complex some time it becomes difficult to understand the various levels of interactions and dependencies just by mere representation through a graph. However, to overcome this limitation many analytical methods provide relationship dependencies, role of different nodes and their importance in the social networks. Since the start of the new century many terrorism events have occurred around the globe. These events have provided a new impetus for the analysis, investigation, studying the behavior and tracking terrorist networks (individuals). In this paper we are presenting a very novel and absolutely new approach to SNA for locating important key players in the network. The system also predicts a path through these nodes which shows the vulnerability of the network and if the path along with these nodes is removed it can reduce/destabilize or even destroy the structure of the network.
Prediction of Information Sharing Behavior in China: Understanding the Cultural and Social Determinants
Authors: Jessica Pu Li, Seung Kyoon Shin, G. Lawrence Sanders
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Understanding information sharing is an important challenge to companies around the world. This is especially true for those who engage in business in China. It is essential for them to understand information sharing in its particular Chinese context. This paper investigates the influence of cultural factors on information sharing in China with 207 views from researchers in a leading global IT research center in Beijing and a local university in Hong Kong. It is postulated that collectivism, Confucian dynamism and "guanxi" , have a significant influence on information sharing within divisions of the work organization, while it is not the case external to the work organization.
Why Fortran?
Authors: Viktor K. Decyk, Charles D. Norton, Henry J. Gardner
Venue: Computing in Science and Engineering (2007)

Among many computer scientists, Fortran is an F-word. Yet, it's still the most widely used language in scientific computing, especially when high performance is required. Why is this so?
Mediating Organizational Innovation: A Study of Implementation of Digital Technologies in TV News
Authors: Tsui-Chuan Lin, Elizabeth Davidson
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Successful implementation of IT innovations requires mutual adjustment of technical features and social practices and structures of an organization. In this paper, we develop a synthesized model for mediating organizational innovation, drawn from Roger's [9] model for organizational diffusion of innovation and Orlikowski et al.'s [9] model for technology use mediation, to investigate the implementation of digital technologies in TV news. Our analysis of two case studies of TV news stations highlights the phases of mediation that occurred in these organizations and points to differences in mediation styles from previous studies. We suggest that scope of the implementation and temporal pressure in the work context were important dimensions in the mediation process.
Numerical Approximation of a Time Dependent, Nonlinear, Space-Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Vincent J. Ervin, Norbert Heuer, John Paul Roop
Venue: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (2007)

In this article we analyze a fully discrete numerical approximation to a time dependent fractional order diffusion equation which contains a nonlocal quadratic nonlinearity. The analysis is performed for a general fractional order diffusion operator. The nonlinear term studied is a product of the unknown function and a convolution operator of order 0. Convergence of the approximation and a priori error estimates are given. Numerical computations are included, which confirm the theoretical predictions.
A least-squares/penalty method for distributed optimal control problems for Stokes equations
Authors: Youngmi Choi, Hyung-Chun Lee, Byeong-Chun Shin
Venue: Computers Mathematics with Applications (2007)

The purpose of this paper is to construct an unconstrained optimal control problem by using a least-squares approach for the constrained distributed optimal control problem associated with incompressible Stokes equations. The constrained equations are reformulated to the equivalent first-order system by introducing vorticity, and then the least-squares functional corresponding to the system is enforced via a penalty term to the objective functional. The existence of a solution of the unconstrained optimal control problem is proved, and the convergence of this solution to that of unpenalized one is demonstrated as the penalty parameter tends to zero. Finite element approximations with error estimates are studied, and the relevant computational experiments are presented.
Implementation of Internet Technology for Local Government Website: Design Guidelines
Authors: Hyung N. Kim, Andrea Kavanaugh, Tonya L. Smith-Jackson
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

There may be limited resources for local government website designers to devote to innovative design. This study investigated current technology use by local government (Town of Blacksburg, TOB - Virginia) and suggests key design guidelines. Observation and interviews were used. Using recommendations in phase I, the TOB employed a blog that was investigated in phase II. The TOB incorporated traditional media with online to broadcast public meetings via TV and online. We suggested using indexed video to improve usability by shortening the amount of time it took to find specific information. We also recommended the Task Force blog be linked to an aggregator site for blogs in the region to increase opportunities for discussion and commentary. Such linkage would also make it unnecessary for the Task Force to open comments to the public directly on the Task Force blog, which was primarily used for commentary among panel members.
Security and reliability of client server systems on the internet
Authors: Partha Dasgupta
Venue:  (2006)

Client server model provides a convenient way to interconnect distributed applications, more important, it is the basic architecture of the Internet. In the open environment of the Internet, security and reliability are difficult to achieve. Critical personal information stored on computers can be attacked, using techniques such as viruses, phishing and social engineering. Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks are a significant threat to the reliability of any services provided on the Internet. Anonymous communication systems are vulnerable to many attacks including replay attack, collusion attack and traffic analysis attacks. To enhance the system security of the client computers, Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) and the Security Manager (SM) were designed and used to form the trusted platform and check the Operating System's integrity outside the Virtual Machine (VM). Plus, a distinct hardware channel and I/O device, the secure I/O, was used to prevent low level attacks, like keyboard sniffers, screen scrapers, and so on. To improve the reliability of the critical servers, an infrastructure was designed to dynamically construct and configure server farms using a peer-to-peer architecture. The decentralized, self-organization and scalability characteristics of peer-to-peer architecture ensure that the system will have significantly low management cost, while providing highly reliable services in spite of attacks. To provide anonymous communications on the Internet, a communication system was built on top of peer-to-peer networks; which is completely distributed, self-organized, and scalable with thousands of active participants communicating simultaneously.
N-TAP: A Platform of Large-Scale Distributed Measurement for Overlay Network Applications
Authors: Kenji Masui, Youki Kadobayashi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (2007)

To sustain a large-scale overlay network, knowledge about network characteristics is indispensable. However, the collection of such information is often a burden on the developers: why should they struggle to obtain the information even though it is not their intended purpose? As one solution to this problem, this paper presents N-TAP, a distributed measurement infrastructure. N-TAP is an independent service for overlay network applications that provides network characteristics. N-TAP itself forms the measurement overlay network on which measurement nodes can cooperate in measurement activity. Consequently, overlay network applications can take full advantage of novel measurement methodologies. Through a discussion on the problems of distributed measurement, in this paper we explore the capabilities and the future direction of N-TAP.
NBC'S GEnesis broadcast automation system: from prototype to production
Authors: Stephen J. Angelovich, Kevin B. Kenny, Brion D. Sarachan
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Annual Tcl/Tk Workshop, 1998 - Volume 6 (1998)

GEnesis is a system in use at the NBC television network for automating the composition and distribution of video. It works in a mission critical environment; a system failure could potentially result in a substantial loss of revenue for the network. Tcl/Tk has been an integral part of the operator interface and data handling portions of the GEnesis system from the earliest stages of prototyping. We originally planned to replace the system prototype based on Tcl/Tk with a production system built in a compiled, object-oriented language and using commercial component software. After the prototype phase was completed, the developers and management together decided to keep numerous system components in Tcl, while migrating some complex and performance-critical functions from Tcl to a C++ message passing architecture. This paper discusses that decision and presents our experience with converting the prototype into a fully functional system.
How DNS misnaming distorts internet topology mapping
Authors: Ming Zhang, Yaoping Ruan, Vivek Pai, Jennifer Rexford
Venue: Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference (2006)

Network researchers commonly use reverse DNS lookups of router names to provide geographic or topological information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. By systematically examining a large ISP, we find that some of these names are incorrect. We develop techniques to automatically identify these misnamings, and determine the actual locations, which we validate against the configuration of the ISP's routers. While the actual number of misnamings is small, these errors induce a large number of false links in the inferred connectivity graph. We also measure the effects on path inflation, and find that the misnamings make path inflation and routing problems appear much worse than they actually are.
Sensor Network Grids: Agent Environments Combined with QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kostas Stathis, Stella Kafetzoglou, Symeon Papavassiliou, Stefano Bromuri
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

We present a distributed systems architecture that uses Grid computing to combine basic nodes of wireless sensor networks with complex sensor nodes of wired networks. Three kinds of complex sensor nodes are identified: objects, agents and containers. The decision making capabilities of the complex nodes are then combined with a quality of service (QoS) framework for gathering data from the wireless sensor nodes. The resulting combination provides a powerful conceptual framework for developing ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing applications on the Grid.
A Multi-attribute Decision Support Model for Learning Management Systems Evaluation
Authors: Tanja Arh, Borka Jerman Blazic
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Digital Society (2007)

The paper deals with a complex decision making problem, the evaluation of Learning Management Systems, where several conflicting objectives, like environmental, social and economic impacts, must be simultaneously taken into account. Multi-Attribute Decision Support Models are typically developed through the decomposition of complex decision problems into smaller and less complex subproblems; the result of such decomposition is a hierarchical structure that consists of attributes and utility functions. We introduce an approach to the development of Multi-Attribute Decision Support Model that is based on an expert system shell for multi-attribute decision support and illustrate its usefulness by showing its main features and its application to the above intervention problem.
Solving Constraints on the Intermediate Result of Decimal Floating-Point Operations
Authors: Merav Aharoni, Ron Maharik, Abraham Ziv
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (2007)

The draft revision of the IEEE Standard for Floating- Point Arithmetic (IEEE P754) includes a definition for decimal floating-point (FP) in addition to the widely used binary FP specification. The decimal standard raises new concerns with regard to the verification of hardware- and software-based designs. The verification process normally emphasizes intricate corner cases and uncommon events. The decimal format introduces several new classes of such events in addition to those characteristic of binary FP. Our work addresses the following problem: Given a decimal floating-point operation, a constraint on the intermediate result, and a constraint on the representation selected for the result, find random inputs for the operation that yield an intermediate result compatible with these specifications. The paper supplies efficient analytic solutions for addition and for some cases of multiplication and division. We provide probabilistic algorithms for the remaining cases. These algorithms prove to be efficient in the actual implementation.
Classified nonlinear predictive vector quantization of speech spectral parameters
Authors: J. H. Y. Loo
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02 (1996)

Nonlinear predictive split vector quantization (NPSVQ) and classified NPSVQ (CNPSVQ) are introduced to exploit the correlation among the speech spectral parameters from two adjacent analysis frames. By interleaving intraframe SVQ with forward predictive SVQ, the error propagation is limited to at most one adjacent frame. At an overall bit rate of about 21 bits/frame, NPSVQ can provide similar coding quality as intraframe SVQ at 24 bits/frame. Voicing classification as used in CNPSVQ to obtain an additional average gain of 1 bit/frame for unvoiced frames. Therefore, an overall bit rate of 20 bits/frame is obtained for unvoiced frames. The particular form of nonlinear prediction we use incurs virtually no additional encoding computational complexity. We have verified our comparative performance results using subjective listening tests.
Issues in high-speed WLANs
Authors: D. J. Skellern
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (2000)

This paper presents an overview of the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) requirements for a new class of high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs) operating in the 5 GHz Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) bands at data rates of 6-54 Mbps.
Making sense of a game: a preliminary sketch for a semantic approach to games
Authors: Gabriele Ferri
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (2007)

In this paper a semiotic approach to video games will be presented. Structuralist semiotic notion of text will be criticized for being unable to account for the nonlinear and unstable nature of interactive ludic objects, and Rastier's [9]paradigm will be adopted. Integrating it with recent proposals in semantic of perception [4], a sketch for a semantic and semiotic analytic methodology for computer games will be outlined. Such methodology will be field-tested on the computer game flOw [1].
Induction of Fuzzy Classification Systems Using Evolutionary ACO-Based Algorithms
Authors: Mohammad Saniee Abadeh, Jafar Habibi, Emad Soroush
Venue: Proceedings of the First Asia International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (2007)

In this paper we have proposed an evolutionary algorithm to induct fuzzy classification rules. The algorithm uses an ant colony optimization based local searcher to improve the quality of final fuzzy classification system. The proposed algorithm is performed on Intrusion Detection as a high-dimensional classification problem. Results show that the implemented evolutionary ACO-Based algorithm is capable of producing a reliable fuzzy rule based classifier for intrusion detection.
On the potential of flush delay for characterization and test optimization
Authors: C. Thibeault
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Defect Based Testing (2004)

This paper explores the potential of an IC speed estimate, called flush delay, for characterization and test optimization, using Sematech Project S-121 data as a test case. This exploration leads us to conclude that: 1) characterization based on flush delay is a very efficient way to compare test methods aimed to detect IC not meeting speed specifications due to process variations; 2) (design-verification) functional testing detection capability of such slow ICs is rather poor, confirming that running at-speed random patterns is not sufficient to guarantee detection; 3) (transient fault) delay testing effectiveness exponentially decreases as IC speed increases; 4) early IC rejection and the use of two test suites with a different ordering customized for specific flush delay ranges lead to a modest (but almost free) tester time gain.
A Fully Distributed Mechanism for Locating Mobile Agents
Authors: Paola Flocchini, Ming Xie
Venue: Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference on Computing in the Global Information Technology (2007)

In this paper we propose a method based on distributed hashing to locate mobile agents in a system. The strategy is fully distributed, and transparent to the client that is performing the locating request; moreover, it is scalable and efficient. The idea is to treat mobile agents and hosts similarly to the way peers are treated in a Peer-to-peer system, and to implement a lookup protocol that is based on that principle, while taking care of the mobile nature of the agents. We also introduce the notion of Agent Pool, which allows us to reuse mobile agents that might be idle in the system instead of creating new ones at each request.
Changing business models for Europe's mobile telecommunications industry: The impact of alternative wireless technologies
Authors: Pieter Ballon
Venue: Telematics and Informatics (2007)

The exploitation of third-generation mobile networks in Europe may be challenged by the deployment of so-called Alternative Wireless Technologies (AWTs). This article presents an overview of the availability and usage of AWTs in the 25 EU member states. It identifies the main drivers and bottlenecks for AWTs and analyses to which extent established mobile operators are active in this market. The article concludes that the convergence and integration of cellular technologies and AWTs is high on the telecommunications industry's agenda, implying a gradual shift in business models for mobile operators towards mobile service providers that manage network heterogeneity and complexity on behalf of the user.