ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Shape identification and particles size distribution from basic shape parameters using ImageJ
Authors: C. Igathinathane, L. O. Pordesimo, E. P. Columbus, W. D. Batchelor, S. R. Methuku
Venue: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture (2008)

Quick and accurate particle size distribution analysis is desirable in various technical fields that handle granular or particulate materials including size reduction. We developed an ImageJ plugin that extracts the dimensions from a digital image of disjoint particles after identifying their shapes and determines their particles size distribution. We established that the major and minor axes of ImageJ fitted ellipse along with the developed correction factors efficiently determined dimensions of particles. This paper describes the plugin development and its application to food grains and ground biomass. Using computer generated geometrical shapes as reference objects, a shape identification strategy that addresses common geometric shapes such as square, inclined square, rectangle, inclined rectangle, circle, ellipse, and inclined ellipse was developed. The strategy used only three newly defined shape parameters to identify objects, such as reciprocal aspect ratio, rectangularity, and feret major axis ratio from the standard outputs generated by ImageJ. Evaluation of effects of the particles shape, size, and orientation on the deviation from the reference particle's length and width indicated that the mean absolute deviations of all these factors were less than 1.3%. Developed plugin was applied successfully to analyze the dimensions and size distribution of food grains and ground Miscanthus particles images. The plugin produced quick and accurate size distribution of particles from digital images and can be applied to variety of particle analysis applications.
Maximally Robust Redundant System with Minimal Coherence
Authors: Xiteng Liu
Venue: Proceedings of the Data Compression Conference (2008)

In compressed sensing theory, small dictionary coherence is desirable in both obtaining and recovering sparse signal representations in a redundant system. On the other hand, maximal robustness of redundant system is also desirable in applications such as signal transmission. However, equiangularity does not generate maximal robustness. In the paper, it is proved that one class of equiangular tight frames, the absolutely equiangular tight frames, have both minimal coherence and maximal robustness. It also is proved that the absolute equiangularity simultaneously assumes many good mathematical properties such as tightness, unique existence, minimal coherence, maximal robustness and self-offset.
Performance-Guided Load (Un)balancing under Autocorrelated Flows
Authors: Qi Zhang, Ningfang Mi, Alma Riska, Evgenia Smirni
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2008)

Size-based policies have been shown in the literature to effectively balance load and improve performance in cluster environments. Size-based policies assign jobs to servers based on the job size and their performance improvements are an outcome of separating "short" from "long" jobs, by avoiding having short jobs waiting behind long jobs for service. In this paper, we present evidence that performance improvements due to this separation quickly vanish if the arrival process to the cluster is autocorrelated. Based on our observations, we devise a new size-based policy called {\DEqAL} that still strives to separate jobs to servers according to job size but this separation is now biased by an effort to reduce performance loss due to autocorrelation in the arrival flows of jobs that are directed to each server. As a result of this bias, all servers may not be equally utilized (i.e., load in the system may be "unbalanced"), but performance benefits become significant. {\DEqAL} can be used on-line as it does not assume any a priori knowledge of the incoming workload. Extensive simulations show the effectiveness of {\DEqAL} under autocorrelated and uncorrelated arrival streams and illustrate that the policy successfully self-adjusts the degree of load unbalancing based on monitored performance measures.
Predicting diverse subsets using structural SVMs
Authors: Yisong Yue, Thorsten Joachims
Venue: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning (2008)

In many retrieval tasks, one important goal involves retrieving a diverse set of results (e.g., documents covering a wide range of topics for a search query). First of all, this reduces redundancy, effectively showing more information with the presented results. Secondly, queries are often ambiguous at some level. For example, the query "Jaguar" can refer to many different topics (such as the car or feline). A set of documents with high topic diversity ensures that fewer users abandon the query because no results are relevant to them. Unlike existing approaches to learning retrieval functions, we present a method that explicitly trains to diversify results. In particular, we formulate the learning problem of predicting diverse subsets and derive a training method based on structural SVMs.
Euler's partition theorem and the combinatorics of ℓ-sequences
Authors: Carla D. Savage, Ae Ja Yee
Venue: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A (2008)

Euler's partition theorem states that the number of partitions of an integer N into odd parts is equal to the number of partitions of N in which the ratio of successive parts is greater than 1. It was shown by Bousquet-Melou and Eriksson in [M. Bousquet-Melou, K. Eriksson, Lecture hall partitions II, Ramanujan J. 1 (2) (1997) 165-185] that a similar result holds when ''odd parts'' is replaced by ''parts that are sums of successive terms of an @?-sequence'' and the ratio ''1'' is replaced by a root of the characteristic polynomial of the @?-sequence. This generalization of Euler's theorem is intrinsically different from the many others that have appeared, as it involves a family of partitions constrained by the ratio of successive parts. In this paper, we provide a surprisingly simple bijection for this result, a question suggested by Richard Stanley. In fact, we give a parametrized family of bijections, that include, as special cases, Sylvester's bijection and a bijection for the lecture hall theorem. We introduce Sylvester diagrams as a way to visualize these bijections and deduce their properties. In proving the bijections, we uncover the intrinsic role played by the combinatorics of @?-sequences and use this structure to give a combinatorial characterization of the partitions defined by the ratio constraint. Several open questions suggested by this work are described.
Teaching objects in context
Authors: Grant Braught, Tim Wahls
Venue: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (2008)

Although there are many practical and pedagogical reasons for teaching objectsfirst in the CS I course, this approach can be difficult for both students and instructors. Students in the introductory class are not ready to design and develop applications that are complex enough to highlight the benefits of object orientation, and it is difficult for instructors to motivate the use of objects for simple programming tasks. The authors have designed a set of programming assignments that address these concerns. In these assignments, students declare fields and implement method bodies for one or more classes that integrate with instructor-provided code to produce a (relatively) complex application. As a result, the applications produced can be graphical and engaging, and can expose students to areas of computer science beyond programming.
Optimal pulse observation of one type of systems with delay
Authors: P. V. Makevich
Venue: Automation and Remote Control (2008)

Consideration is given to a linear problem of optimal pulse observation of a non-stationary dynamic system with delay in an equation of its mathematical model. To compute estimates of an unknown vector parameter of the initial state of the system, fast direct and dual methods are proposed. The main role belongs to quasi-reduction of the fundamental matrix of solutions to systems with delay. As is shown, to perform iterations of the method, integration of auxiliary systems of ordinary differential equations on small time intervals is sufficient. An algorithm of the operation of an optimal estimator--device for computing estimates of current states--is described. The results are illustrated by the problem of optimal observation of the fourth-order system with delay.
Entropy differences of arithmetic operations with Shannon function on triangular fuzzy numbers
Authors: Tien-Chin Wang, Jia-Ling Liang, Hsiao-Lan Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on APPLIED MATHEMATICS (2006)

The main purposes of this paper are to probe for the entropy differences between arithmetically manipulated Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) using Shannon's Function; and to study the relationships between any two TFNs. Simultaneously, we expand on the articles of Wang et al. [6] and Wang et al. [5]. The entropy differences between two TFNs subjected to different arithmetic operations are classified as seven theorems. This paper finds that with the application of Shannon's Function on triangular fuzzy numbers the grades of fuzziness are changed after arithmetic operations.
Mapping of salt-affected soils using TM images
Authors: P. García Rodríguez, Ma E. Pérez González, A. Guerra Zaballos
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Landsat images supply significant information on the different aspects of the physical environment necessary to determine the distribution of salty soils. This work centres on the La Mancha area (Central Spain) which, due to its flat topography, exhibits ideal conditions to show surface and groundwater movement, as well as sediment distribution. Combination of these factors is essential for development. The main goal of this study is to derive information on the distribution of salt-affected soils, as well as the area subject to flood risk. Multitemporal Landsat TM images selected from the 1990s have been used for this purpose. TM images are useful for delineation of mesozoic sediments rich in salts and/or areas with high humidity content. These images have been geo-referenced to the UTM coordinate system and have been digitally enhanced. Principal components, NDVI and supervised classification were computed. Therefore, it is quite possible to predict with a high degree of probability the development of saline soils, but their precise classification is not always possible, owing to the fact that they are usually associated with other soil groups: calcisols, regosols, luvisols and kastanozems. Salt-affected soils have been found to be associated with clayish mesozoic sediments, hollows, flood plain area and subsurface and groundwater movements. Complementary fieldwork is necessary in order to confirm digital values.
Voting with their seats: computer laboratory design and the casual user
Authors: Dirk H. R. Spennemann, John Atkinson, David Cornforth
Venue: Behaviour & Information Technology (2007)

Student computer laboratories are provided by most teaching institutions around the world; however, what is the most effective layout for such facilities? The log-in data files from computer laboratories at a regional university in Australia were analysed to determine whether there was a pattern in student seating. In particular, it was investigated whether students and academic staff usage was affected by the layout of a computer laboratory and therefore a preference by students in where they were seated. It was found that the layout of the computer laboratories does not affect which computer layout a student will use. Further, it was found that academic staff prefer to use a computer laboratory designed along a more traditional lecture room layout when working with first-year students. This research will be valuable to institutions designing new computer laboratory facilities.
Evaluating the uncertainty caused by Post Office Box addresses in environmental health studies: A restricted Monte Carlo approach
Authors: X. Shi
Venue: International Journal of Geographical Information Science (2007)

A Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the uncertainty caused by incorporating Post Office Box (PO Box) addresses in point-cluster detection for an environmental-health study. Placing PO Box addresses at the centroids of postcode polygons in conventional geocoding can introduce significant error into a cluster analysis of the point data generated from them. In the restricted Monte Carlo method I presented in this paper, an address that cannot be matched to a precise location is assigned a random location within the smallest polygon believed to contain that address. These random locations are then combined with the locations of precisely matched addresses, and the resulting dataset is used for performing cluster analysis. After repeating this randomization-and-analysis process many times, one can use the variance in the calculated cluster evaluation statistics to estimate the uncertainty caused by the addresses that cannot be precisely matched. This method maximizes the use of the available spatial information, while also providing a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in that utilization. The method is applied to lung-cancer data from Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, in which the PO Box addresses account for more than half of the address dataset. The results show that less than 50% of the detected cluster area can be considered to have high certainty.
Design and simulation of an intelligent controller for a missile avoiding airplane
Authors: Jean J. Saade, Khalil Abbas, Zakaria Chehab, Mohamad Mortada
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Systems Theory & Scientific Computation (2006)

This paper presents the design and simulation of an intelligent fuzzy controller to control the flight movement of an airplane being present in the midst of targeted missiles. The objective is to have the in-flight airplane, when an imminent collision danger occurs, move in a direction so as to avoid being hit by any of the targeted missiles. The airplane senses the environment around it, acquiring the coordinates of the missiles, and determines the nearest missile forward. The airplane, then, alters its movement direction in order to escape that missile within a specified time step. The fuzzy controller is designed off-line and it can then be used on-line. This design is a data-driven one and it is accomplished using a previously developed learning algorithm for the modeling of Mamdani-type fuzzy controllers. This is done, however, after addressing and tackling some challenging issues related to the 3-D to 2-D conversion, data derivation method and time step determination. The obtained FLC is then simulated and tested in a complex scenario and its reliability is emphasized.
How to learn enough data mining to be dangerous in 60 minutes
Authors: Abraham Bernstein
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international working conference on Mining software repositories (2008)

The field of data mining provides some methods highly relevant to researchers when mining software repositories. Whether one predicts bug locations, discovers hidden architectural structures and software patterns, or identifies experts of modules, data mining algorithms are usually the working horses for these studies. The goal of this tutorial is to convey some of the most relevant theoretical foundations and practical issues when using data mining algorithms. The tutorial will first discuss the usual data mining tasks (prediction, filtering, smoothing, and elucidation of the most likely explanation or structure). Then, it will introduce a general framework for data mining paving the way to explain the functionality of some of the most used data mining algorithms. The tutorial will close with an overview over the typical evaluation methods for induced results and a number of pointers for further study. Where possible, it will use examples from software engineering.
A two-level social mobility model for trace generation
Authors: Sabrina Gaito, Giuliano Grossi, Federico Pedersini
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing (2008)

We propose a synthetic trace generator that, although based on a simple mobility model, generates traces with statistical properties (like inter-contact time and contact duration) resembling those of well-known real traces. The proposed model is based on a waypoint scheme, with some modifications: the introduction of two categories of nodes, steady and nomadic, with different mobility rates; the grouping of nodes in communities sharing the same location preferences, and the definition of a micro-mobility model inside each location. The statistical properties of the traces generated with this model are compared to those obtained from publicly available real traces.
Centrality Research on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Network
Authors: Zhang Dezheng, Gao Lixin, Zhang Huansheng, Liu Jianming
Venue: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (2008)

Aiming at the complex data in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, a new way is proposed in this paper that data mining of complex relations to find out the potential information among different medicine objects. We turned the Traditional Chinese Medicine knowledge network into graph by using information from ontology, then adopted centrality algorithm to analyze and process this graph, and finally mined valuable medicine knowledge. As the result of the verification test, this algorithm shows very good practicability.
Wall shear stress and atherosclerosis: numerical blood flow simulations in the mouse aortic arch
Authors: P. Ruengsakulrach, A. K. Johsi, S. Fremes, J. Butany, S. Foster, B. Wiwatanapataphee, Y. Lenbury
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Mathematics (2007)

The aims of this study were (1) to demonstrate the feasibility of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling of realistic blood flow in the mouse aortic arch, and (2) to determine the relation of wall shear stress and atherosclerosis in the mouse aortic arch. ApoE knockout mice were chosen for this study. The blood flow fraction in the major branches of the mouse aortic arch was measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy. The geometry of the aortic arch was captured by plastic casting and micro CT imaging. Mouse blood viscosities were measured by rheometry. A pathological examination was performed. A well-validated in-house finite element code, which solves the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, was used to compute the wall shear stress and velocity patterns in the ascending aorta and the aortic arch. The distribution of the wall shear stress was correlated with the distribution of the atherosclerosis from the pathological examination in order to investigate the effect of wall shear stress on atherosclerosis. It is concluded that CFD modeling of hemodynamics in the mouse aortic arch is feasible. Qualitative impressions show that atherosclerosis was related with the region of low wall shear stress in mouse aortic arch.
Computation of primary tunnel support
Authors: Lidija Frgic, Marko Hranilovic, Krešimir Tor
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS/IASME International Conference on Systems Theory and Scientific Computation (2005)

The computation of stress and strain conditions for tunnel profile excavation is performed by the Boundary Element Method (BEM). It is a numerical method performed in geotechnics for resolving of the stress and strain distribution in a rock massif where the change of stress condition occurs during some operations. The method is timesaving procedure for the problem definition in design process, it offers flexibility in assumptions on input parameters characterising the massif, and in observing the influence of changes on the stress and strain conditions. A computer programme has been developed for the purpose. This programme facilitates computation to the influence of different primary support systems on the stress and strain condition. In this paper, the stress and strain conditions for a tunnel profile excavation are compared with the stress and strain conditions for shotcrete lining supported excavation profile. Analogously to the treatment of reinforced concrete, the ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete and steel are considered. The flexibility of the primary support structure is important. The shotcrete lining shall be slender in order to avoid bending moments.
Visualizing social links in exploratory search
Authors: Justin J. Donaldson, Michael Conover, Benjamin Markines, Heather Roinestad, Filippo Menczer
Venue: Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia (2008)

The visualization of results is a critical component in search engines, and the standard ranked list interface has been a consistently predominant model. The emergence of social media provides a new opportunity to investigate visualization techniques that expose socially derived links between objects to support their exploration. Here we introduce and evaluate network-based visualizations for facilitating the exploration of a Web knowledge space. We developed a force directed network interface to visualize the result sets provided by GiveALink.org, a social bookmarking site. The classifications and tags by users are aggregated to build a social similarity network between bookmarked resources. We administered a user study to evaluate the potential of leveraging such social links in an exploratory search task. During exploration, the similarity links are used to arrange the resources in a semantic layout. Users in our study prefer a hybrid interface combining a conventional ranked list and a two dimensional network map, allowing them to find the same amount of relevant information using fewer queries. This behavior is a direct result of the additional structural information present in the network visualization, which aids them in the exploration of the information space.
Landsat ETM+ image applications to extract information for environmental planning in a Colombian city
Authors: L. M. Santana
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Latin American cities have witnessed rapid and unplanned growth causing social, economic and environmental problems. To solve these problems, urban planners require information and indicators that normally are not available. In this study, the applicability of remote sensing data to extract environmental data was examined. A Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) image was used to gather information about land surface temperature (Ts) and its relationship with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Leaf Water Content Index (LWC). A strong negative relationship between Ts and NDVI and between Ts and LWC was observed. Analysis of variance points out statistically significant differences in the averages of Ts, NDVI, and LWC among neighbourhoods. Areas with high density housing, with a deficient urban design and those with commercial establishments had the lowest means of NDVI and LWC, and higher means of Ts. On the other hand, neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of trees and green zones had higher NDVI and LWC, and lower Ts. Finally, all neighbourhoods were classified into those that have lower to higher Ts. Therefore, the greening campaigns and new landscape design of the city should be directed specifically at neighbourhoods with the lowest level of NDVI or LWC.