ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A generic 2D approach of handwriting recognition
Authors: Sylvain Chevalier, Francoise Preteux, Edouard Geoffrois, Melanie Lemaitre
Venue: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2005)

In this paper, we present a two-dimensional approach of the processing of handwriting. It combines a Markovian model, an efficient decoding algorithm, a windowed spectral features extraction scheme and a rigorous evaluation methodology. We applied this principle to a digit recognition task and to a word recognition task.
Image enhancement techniques applied to solar feature detection
Authors: Frank Y. Shih
Venue:  (2003)

This dissertation presents the development of automatic image enhancement techniques for solar feature detection. The new method allows for detection and tracking of the evolution of filaments in solar images. Series of H-alpha full-disk images are taken in regular time intervals to observe the changes of the solar disk features. In each picture, the solar chromosphere filaments are identified for further evolution examination. The initial preprocessing step involves local thresholding to convert grayscale images into black-and-white pictures with chromosphere granularity enhanced. An alternative preprocessing method, based on image normalization and global thresholding is presented. The next step employs morphological closing operations with multi-directional linear structuring elements to extract elongated shapes in the image. After logical union of directional filtering results, the remaining noise is removed from the final outcome using morphological dilation and erosion with a circular structuring element. Experimental results show that the developed techniques can achieve excellent results in detecting large filaments and good detection rates for small filaments. The final chapter discusses proposed directions of the future research and applications to other areas of solar image processing, in particular to detection of solar flares, plages and sunspots.
Industry Track Portals at BNP Paribas: a brief testimony (April 2005)
Authors: Marc Idelson
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2005)

This paper intends to bear witness on the past, present and future of portals at BNP Paribas with a focus on: the B2E intranet portal (Echo'net) the French B2C home banking portal (BNPPARIBAS.NET) It will introduce the challenges that confronted BNP Paribas in each case, reflect on lessons learnt and future trends and finally suggest what financial services firms expect from e-business infrastructure hardware and software vendors and service providers .
A mechanism for visualizing TCP-socket interactions
Authors: Matthew Nichols, David Taylor
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research (2005)

TCP sockets are an important and ubiquitous construct. In order to better understand the behaviour of programs using TCP sockets, we have developed instrumentation that transparently collects information about each socket and graphically displays it as a single, unified view. This paper will describe the instrumentation which leverages an existing tool, POET (Partial-Order Event Tracer), to display the partial order derived from the socket operations. Several challenges in constructing this instrumentation will be discussed in detail. These challenges include accounting for relative delays in receiving information from the processes at two ends of the TCP stream, collating information from the two ends such that events can be sent to POET in a coherent form, and determining a useful and accurate visual representation of the communication sequences.
Algorithms and qos of video streaming over wireless networks
Authors: Hao Wang
Venue:  (2005)

Video streaming over wireless networks has attracted much attention recently. It is well known that video streaming is QoS Stringent applications and wireless link suffers from erroneous and time-variant conditions. Significant research work has been conducted on QoS guarantee of video streaming application in Physical, MAC and Network layers. In this dissertation, the author designed a combination of packet ordering algorithm and transmission scheme for streaming video over a single wireless link and a distributed system for streaming video over multi-hop wireless networks, respectively. QoS routing has been widely researched and a number of routing protocols have been proposed to support routing of QoS stringent real-time applications. Recently, scalable video coding has been used for adaptation of video streaming to heterogeneous networks, especially wireless networks. The author proposed the routing criteria and routing algorithms for the routing of base layer (BL) and enhancement layer (EL) of MPEG-4 FGS. Research on Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETS) has been driven by either large scale military applications or specialized civilian applications which are tailored to very specialized missions and cost is typically not a main issue. Wireless mesh networks (WMN) meet the demand of a limited number of people wanting to form an ad hoc network for sharing information. In wireless mesh networks, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) video streaming service request generally can be satisfied by more than one video server. WMN P2P video streaming service can be modeled by K-server problem. Competitive work function algorithm is running in the distributed manner and is robust to the update message loss. Modified work function algorithm is proposed for P2P video streaming service over congested WMN. And the author conjectured that the modified work function algorithm is still competitive.
Covers of Point-Hyperplane Graphs
Authors: Arjeh M. Cohen, E. J. Postma
Venue: Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics: An International Journal (2005)

A cover of the non-incident point-hyperplane graph of projective dimension 3 for fields of characteristic 2 is constructed. For fields $${\mathbb F}$$ of even order larger than 2, this leads to an elementary construction of the non-split extension of SL4( $${\mathbb F}$$ )by $${\mathbb F}$$ 6.
A context-sensitive structural heuristic for guided search model checking
Authors: Neha Rungta, Eric G. Mercer
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

In this paper we build on the FSM distance heuristic for guided model checking by using the runtime stack to reconstruct calling context in procedural calls. We first build a more accurate static representation of the program by including a bounded level of calling context. We then use the calling context in the runtime stack with the more accurate control flow graph to estimate the distance to the possible error state. The heuristic is computed using both the dynamic and static construction of the program. We evaluate the new heuristic on models with concurrency errors. In these examples, experimental results show that for programs with function calls, the new heuristic better guides the search toward the error while the traditional FSM distance heuristic degenerates into a random search.
A High-Performance Error Concealment Processor for Video Decoder
Authors: Shih-Chang Hsia, Shih Wen Chou
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

Recently, the video decoding players, such as DVD, VCD, have widely used. However, the image will be large distortions as the decoding bit stream from damaged disks. In this study, we develop an error concealment processor for real-time video decoding systems. First, an efficiency algorithm is advised for error concealment with adaptations of the spatial interpolation and the temporal prediction. Based on the adaptive algorithm, real-time VLSI architecture is developed using cell-based design. The complex processing schedule for the error concealment processor is planned as integrated to video decoding systems. The chip occupies one line-buffer and about 27k logic gates using TSMC 0.35um process. The throughput rate of this error concealment chip can achieve about 50M pixels per second using about 9mm² silicon area.
A Dynamic-cluster Energy-aware Routing Algorithm Based on Neural Structure in the Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Guo Bin, Li Zhe, Wei Ze-Jun
Venue: Proceedings of the The Fifth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (2005)

The function of neural network of human beings is quite similar to that of the sensor network, which is a cluster of firmly related individual units performing a special function. According to the architecture of neural network, a dynamic-cluster energy-aware routing algorithm (DCEAR) has been proposed in this paper. The nodes on the network have adopted an active routing based on event awaking. Firstly, the event data dynamically elects a temporary clusterheader. Then the temporary cluster-header handles all the data it receives, and the handled data reflects the general instance of the region. In this way it has decreased the information that has to be forwarded and has reduced the energy consumption of the entire network. The backbone of the network is originated by genetic-tree algorithm. It will timely update the trunk of the genetic-tree in order to trade off the energy consumption of the whole network. So it has prolonged the lifetime of the network greatly. The result of our simulation indicates that it is a quite effective energy saving routing algorithm.
Countersniper system for urban warfare
Authors: Ákos Lédeczi, András Nádas, Péter Völgyesi, György Balogh, Branislav Kusy, János Sallai, Gábor Pap, Sebestyén Dóra, Károly Molnár, Miklós Maróti, Gyula Simon
Venue: ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN) (2005)

An ad-hoc wireless sensor network-based system is presented that detects and accurately locates shooters even in urban environments. The localization accuracy of the system in open terrain is competitive with that of existing centralized countersniper systems. However, the presented sensor network-based solution surpasses the traditional approach because it can mitigate acoustic multipath effects prevalent in urban areas and it can also resolve multiple simultaneous shots. These unique characteristics of the system are made possible by employing novel sensor fusion techniques that utilize the spatial and temporal diversity of multiple detections. In this article, in addition to the overall system architecture, the middleware services and the unique sensor fusion algorithms are described. An analysis of the experimental data gathered during field trials at US military facilities is also presented.
Tracking Humans using Multi-modal Fusion
Authors: Xiaotao Zou, Bir Bhanu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03 (2005)

Human motion detection plays an important role in automated surveillance systems. However, it is challenging to detect non-rigid moving objects (e.g. human) robustly in a cluttered environment. In this paper, we compare two approaches for detecting walking humans using multi-modal measurements- video and audio sequences. The first approach is based on the Time-Delay Neural Network (TDNN), which fuses the audio and visual data at the feature level to detect the walking human. The second approach employs the Bayesian Network (BN) for jointly modeling the video and audio signals. Parameter estimation of the graphical models is executed using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. And the location of the target is tracked by the Bayes inference. Experiments are performed in several indoor and outdoor scenarios: in the lab, more than one person walking, occlusion by bushes etc. The comparison of performance and efficiency of the two approaches are also presented.
Designing Metadata with Existing Application Ontologies
Authors: Heeryon Cho, Toru Ishida
Venue: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Applications on Internet (2006)

Among various metadata design difficulties, 1) designing subsumption relation of two classes, 2) designing diverse properties of a given class, and 3) determining whether an item should be designed as class or property, are three common difficulties faced by human designers. We devised a metadata referring method, which provides example-based design information by organizing existing metadata de- fined in multiple ontologies in table formats. Our referring method provides 1) existing class hierarchy definitions, 2) similar and specific property definitions, and 3) overviews of class hierarchy and property definitions of a given class, after searching through numerous application ontologies. An evaluation experiment has revealed that our method is useful in design difficulties 1) and 2), but not in 3).
Bidirectional Current-Mode Capacitor Multiplier in DC-DC Converter Compensation
Authors: Chia-Jung Chang, Ke-Horng Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

Bidirectional current-mode capacitor multipliers for on-chip DC-DC converter compensation are presented in this paper. The increasing demand for portable devices is a driving force toward higher integration. Reducing physical area with the same or better performance is carried out. Based on TSMC 0.35µm technology, we demonstrate that a small capacitor is multiplied by a factor about 200. It allows the control system compensating circuit of DC-DC converter be easily integrated on a chip and occupy less silicon area. The experimental results show that the DC-DC converter with proposed architecture is stable for wide loading conditions from 10mA to 400mA while input voltage is 3.3V and output voltage is 2.0V. The quiescent current consumed is 9µA by single-ended capacitor multiplier and 19µA by two-ended capacitor multiplier.
Efficient Text Classification by Weighted Proximal SVM
Authors: Dong Zhuang, Benyu Zhang, Qiang Yang, Jun Yan, Zheng Chen, Ying Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2005)

In this paper, we present an algorithm that can classify large-scale text data with high classification quality and fast training speed. Our method is based on a novel extension of the proximal SVM mode [3]. Previous studies on proximal SVM have focused on classification for low dimensional data and did not consider the unbalanced data cases. Such methods will meet difficulties when classifying unbalanced and high dimensional data sets such as text documents. In this work, we extend the original proximal SVM by learning a weight for each training error. We show that the classification algorithm based on this model is capable of handling high dimensional and unbalanced data. In the experiments, we compare our method with the original proximal SVM (as a special case of our algorithm) and the standard SVM (such as SVM light) on the recently published RCV1-v2 dataset. The results show that our proposed method had comparable classification quality with the standard SVM. At the same time, both the time and memory consumption of our method are less than that of the standard SVM.
Pattern Recognition Based Detection and Localization in a Network of Randomly Distributed Sensor Nodes
Authors: Hussam Al-Hertani, Jacek Ilow
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (2005)

This paper extends the analysis of a statistical methodology for source detection and localization (SDL) in a network of randomly distributed wireless nodes equipped with homogeneous and omni-directional sensors. The investigations are focused on SDL with respect to the nearest sensor node and are based on the observed source (phenomenon) energy. In this framework, the SDL algorithms are viewed as classification problems which are solved using pattern recognition techniques. In the presented approach: (i) sensors are randomly distributed and little is known about their exact locations; and (ii) a self-calibrating mechanism is proposed for creating the dataset whose feature vectors constitute the reference points for sensor locations in the space of sensor readings. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and is demonstrated to be robust in the presence of noise and changes in the propagation environments.
SaIL: A Spatial Index Library for Efficient Application Integration
Authors: Marios Hadjieleftheriou, Erik Hoel, Vassilis J. Tsotras
Venue: Geoinformatica (2005)

With the proliferation of spatial and spatio-temporal data that are produced everyday by a wide range of applications, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have to cope with millions of objects with diverse spatial characteristics. Clearly, under these circumstances, substantial performance speed up can be achieved with the use of spatial, spatio-temporal and other multi-dimensional indexing techniques. Due to the increasing research effort on developing new indexing methods, the number of available alternatives is becoming overwhelming, making the task of selecting the most appropriate method for indexing the data according to application needs rather challenging. Therefore, developing a library that can combine a variety of indexing techniques under a common application programming interface can prove to be a valuable tool. In this paper we present SaIL (SpAtial Index Library), an extensible framework that enables easy integration of spatial and spatio-temporal index structures into existing applications. We focus on design issues and elaborate on techniques for making the framework generic enough, so that it can support user defined data types, customizable spatial queries, and a broad range of spatial (and spatio-temporal) index structures, in a way that does not compromise functionality, extensibility and, primarily, ease of use. SaIL is publicly available and has already been successfully utilized for research and commercial applications.
GUAVA: an error-correcting codes package
Authors: David Joyner
Venue: ACM SIGSAM Bulletin (2005)

GUAVA is a GAP 4 package primarily designed for the construction and analysis of error-correcting codes authored by Jasper Cramwinckel, Erik Roijackers, Reinald Baart, Eric Minkes, Lea Ruscio, and David Joyner. Though GUAVA can call some special functions written in C, most of GUAVA is written in GAP's own interpretive language. Several algorithms that need the speed were integrated into the GAP kernel, also written in C, by Steve Linton.
Distance Preserving Flattening of Surface Sections
Authors: Laurent Saroul Oscar Figueiredo Roger D. Hersch
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2006)

Curved cross-sections extracted from medical volume images are useful for analyzing nonplanar anatomic structures such as the aorta arch or the pelvis. For visualization and for performing distance measurements, extracted surface sections need to be adequately flattened. We present two different distance preserving surface flattening methods which preserve distances according to a user-specified center of interest and according to user-specified orientations. The first method flattens surface sections by preserving distances along surface curves located within planes having a user specified constant orientation. The second method flattens surfaces along curves located within radial planes crossing the center of interest. We study and compare the properties of the two flattening methods by analyzing their distortion maps. Thanks to a multiresolution approach, we provide surface flattening at interactive rates, allowing users to displace their focus point while visualizing the resulting flattened surface. These distance preserving flattening methods provide new means of inspecting curved cross-sections extracted from medical images.
Architecture for Multi-processor SoC Platform Using Dedicated Channels
Authors: Gyongsu Lee, Sin-Chong Park
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

A multi-processor architecture for the platform based SoC design is proposed. Dedicated FIFOs are selected as channels between processors for designing of wireless communication system. The conditions to meet the latency and the throughput requirements are also proposed with generalized equations. To demonstrate the suggested equations, an 802.11a system is analyzed. They are confirmed by simulation of SystemC transaction level modeling.
Mumford and Shah Functional: VLSI Analysis and Implementation
Authors: Maurizio Martina, Guido Masera
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2006)

This paper describes the analysis of the Mumford and Shah functional from the implementation point of view. Our goal is to show results in terms of complexity for real-time applications, such as motion estimation based on segmentation techniques, of the Mumford and Shah functional. Moreover, the sensitivity to finite precision representation is addressed, a fast VLSI architecture is described, and results obtained for its complete implementation on a 0.13 \mu\rm m standard cells technology are presented.
Implementation of a block based neural branch predictor
Authors: O. Cadenas, G. Megson, D. Jones
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (2005)

This paper contributes to a dynamic branch predictor algorithm based on a perceptron in two directions: Firstly, a new block form of computation is introduced that reduces theoretically by half the combinational critical path for computing a prediction. Secondly, implementation in FPGA hardware is fully developed for quantitative comparison purposes. FPGA circuits for a one-cycle block predictor produces 1.7 faster clock rates than a direct implementation of the original perceptron predictor. This faster clock allows to realize predictions with longer history lengths for the same hardware budget.
Multi-Tag Radio Frequency Identification Systems
Authors: Leonid Bolotnyy, Gabriel Robins
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies (2005)

We propose and analyze the effects of attaching more than one RFID tag to each object. We define different types of multi-tag systems and examine their benefits, both analytically and empirically. We also analyze how multi-tags affect some existing tag singulation algorithms. We show how multi-tags can serve as security enhancers, and propose several new promising applications of multi-tags, such as preventing illegal deforestation.
A Two-Mode Structure of Adaptive Linear Predictor
Authors: Hen-Geul Yeh, Hsuan Hao Tu
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (2005)

In this paper, we investigate a two-mode structure of adaptive linear predictor with application to speech coding. Initially, this structure has independently adapting low-order cascaded stages that use forward-backward linear prediction algorithm. Later, it switches to a regular transversal structure using least mean square (LMS) algorithm. This method enjoys fast convergence rate at the beginning and accurate tracking of inputs in the steady state.
Additive vs multiplicative uniform pseudo-random number generators in the generation of Erlang variates
Authors: Roger L. Burford
Venue: ACM SIGSIM Simulation Digest (1979)

This paper presents the comparative results of several test runs involving the use of several unit uniform random number generators with an inverse transform to generate Erland random variates with &lambda;=1 and k = 3, 4, 5, and 6. The results show that two commonly used generators (a multiplicative and a mixed one) produce unacceptable results. Two others (an additive one and a multiplicative one) produce acceptable results. The computer system used is an IBM 370/3033.