ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Effect of relationships between words on Japanese information retrieval
Authors: Atsushi Matsumura, Atsuhiro Takasu, Jun Adachi
Venue: ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP) (2006)

Two Japanese-language information retrieval (IR) methods that enhance retrieval effectiveness by utilizing the relationships between words are proposed. The first method uses dependency relationships between words in a sentence. The second method uses proximity relationships, particularly information about the ordered co-occurrence of words in a sentence, to approximate the dependency relationships between them. A Structured Index has been constructed for these two methods, which represents the dependency relationships between words in a sentence as a set of binary trees. The Structured Index is created by morphological analysis and dependency analysis based on simple template matching and compound noun analysis derived from word statistics. Through retrieval experiments using the Japanese test collection for information retrieval systems (NTCIR-1, the NACSIS Test Collection for IR systems), it is shown that these two methods offer superior retrieval effectiveness compared with the TF--IDF method, and are effective with different databases and diverse search topics sets. There is little difference in retrieval effectiveness between these two methods.
Presenter First: Organizing Complex GUI Applications for Test-Driven Development
Authors: Micah Alles, David Crosby, Carl Erickson, Brian Harleton, Michael Marsiglia, Greg Pattison, Curt Stienstra
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006 (2006)

Presenter First (PF) is a technique for organizing source code and development activities to produce fully tested GUI applications from customer stories using test-driven development. The three elements of Presenter First are a strategy for how applications are developed and tested, a variant on the Model View Presenter (MVP) design pattern, and a particular means of composing MVP triads. Presenter tests provide an economical alternative to automated GUI system tests. We have used Presenter First on projects ranging in size from several to a hundred MVP triads. This paper describes MVP creation, composition, scaling, and the tools and process we use. An example C# application illustrates the application of the Presenter First technique.
Language based simulation, flexibility, and development speed in the joint integrated mission model
Authors: David W. Mutschler
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

The Joint Integrated Mission Model (JIMM) uses generic system components and a simulation language that allows developers to program specific system, platform, and player characteristics, tactics, and doctrine. This permits great flexibility in simulation design and rapid modification of system types in complex simulations. However, the time and expense of developing complex simulations can be longer than desired. These costs can be mitigated by constructing scenarios for reuse and providing example scenarios for common use. In addition, a graphics user interface (GUI) can also facilitate reuse and perform some functions faster and more easily than can be achieved directly through simulation language text editing. This paper will discuss efforts in simulation construction, simulation reuse, and GUI development currently undertaken by the JIMM Model Management Office (JMMO).
Lazy multivariate higher-order forward-mode AD
Authors: Barak A. Pearlmutter, Jeffrey Mark Siskind
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (2007)

A method is presented for computing all higher-order partial derivatives of a multivariate function R n → R. This method works by evaluating the function under a nonstandard interpretation, lifting reals to multivariate power series. Multivariate power series, with potentially an infinite number of terms with nonzero coefficients, are represented using a lazy data structure constructed out of linear terms. A complete implementation of this method in Scheme is presented, along with a straightforward exposition, based on Taylor expansions, of the method's correctness.
Formal development of NoC systems in B
Authors: Leonidas Tsiopoulos, Marina Waldén
Venue: Nordic Journal of Computing (2006)

When developing complex Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems we need to ensure that they satisfy their functional requirements. This can be achieved by developing the systems in a structured way using a formal method with tool support. We use the B Action Systems formalism for this purpose. We give a general formal framework for the development of NoC systems avoiding architectures with complex controllers and complex arbiter modules for deciding the routing path of a data packet. The development is performed in a stepwise manner composing more advanced routing components out of simpler units.
Automated assessment in CS1
Authors: Des Traynor, Susan Bergin, J. Paul Gibson
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th Austalian conference on Computing education - Volume 52 (2006)

A system has been developed for providing automated assessment in CS1. During the academic year 2004- 2005 this system was evaluated empirically by examining a sample group of students using both the traditional assessment methods and also the automated techniques, four times during the year. A significant correlation was found between the performance in both tests, however the correlation was only strong for students who performed well during the year.To further this study, students were interviewed and asked their opinion on the generated questions. The students offered reasons for the variation in their performance and provided an insight into where the discrepancies lie. We discovered that weaker students were employing rote-learning and using it to score marks in the class exams.As this survey was conducted on paper, a large amount of student roughwork ("doodles") was collected, the analysis of this roughwork is also discussed.
Opportunity map: identifying causes of failure - a deployed data mining system
Authors: Kaidi Zhao, Bing Liu, Jeffrey Benkler, Weimin Xiao
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

In this paper, we report a deployed data mining application system for Motorola. Originally, its intended use was for identifying causes of cellular phone failures, but it has been found to be useful for many other engineering data sets as well. For this report, the case study is a dataset containing cellular phone call records. This data set is like any dataset used in classification applications, i.e., with a set of attributes which can be continuous or discrete, and a discrete class attribute. In our application, the classes are normally ended calls, calls which failed to setup, and calls which failed while in progress. However, the task is not to predict any failure, but to identify possible causes that resulted in failures. Then, engineering efforts may focus on improvements that can be made to the phones. In the course of the project, various classification techniques, e.g., decision trees, naïve Bayesian classification and SVM were tried. However, the results were unsatisfactory. After several demonstrations and interaction with domain experts, we finally designed and implemented an effective approach to perform the task. The final system is based on class association rules, general impressions and visualization. The system has been deployed and is in regular use at Motorola. In this paper, we first describe our experiences with some existing classification systems and discuss why they are not suitable for the task. We then present our techniques. As an illustration, we show several visualization screens in the case study, which reveal some important knowledge. Due to confidentiality, we will not give specifics but only present a general discussion about the results.
Bayesian Model Learning Based on Predictive Entropy
Authors: Jukka Corander, Pekka Marttinen
Venue: Journal of Logic, Language and Information (2006)

Bayesian paradigm has been widely acknowledged as a coherent approach to learning putative probability model structures from a finite class of candidate models. Bayesian learning is based on measuring the predictive ability of a model in terms of the corresponding marginal data distribution, which equals the expectation of the likelihood with respect to a prior distribution for model parameters. The main controversy related to this learning method stems from the necessity of specifying proper prior distributions for all unknown parameters of a model, which ensures a complete determination of the marginal data distribution. Even for commonly used models, subjective priors may be difficult to specify precisely, and therefore, several automated learning procedures have been suggested in the literature. Here we introduce a novel Bayesian learning method based on the predictive entropy of a probability model, that can combine both subjective and objective probabilistic assessment of uncertain quantities in putative models. It is shown that our approach can avoid some of the limitations of the earlier suggested objective Bayesian methods.
Visualizing integer length integer vectors with J and POV-Ray
Authors: Jordan Tirrell
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (2004)

Integer length integer vectors correspond to solutions of Diophantine equations where a sum of squares is a square. In two dimensions, this equation is a2 + b2 = c2, and solutions in positive integers correspond to Pythagorean Triples (or integer length integer vectors <a, b> in Z2). In three dimensions, this equation is x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, and integer solutions correspond to integer length integer vectors <x, y, z> in Z3. We investigate methods of visualizing twodimensional integer length integer vectors with J 5.04 [6], and then create three-dimensional generalizations with J and POV-Ray 3.6 [7]. This work has been motivated in part by the Perfect Cuboid and Perfect Parallelepiped problems, which are open problems regarding integer length integer vectors [3]. A discussion of these problems, as well as the parameterizations and algebraic structures of integer length integer vectors in Z2 and Z3 is available at [2].
Testing a Network by Inferring Representative State Machines from Network Traces
Authors: Nancy Griffeth, Yuri Cantor, Constantinos Djouvas
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (2006)

This paper describes an innovative approach to network testing based on automatically generating and analyzing state machine models of network behavior. The models are generated by the network test tool AGATE (Automatic Generator of Automata for TEsting), which is also described in this paper. The proposed test approach mimics experimental method, requiring repeated cycles of observing the network, modeling the network, making predictions about network behavior, and evaluating predictions. This paper focusses on the modeling step, in which the test tool AGATE automatically generates representative state machines from observed network traces. The generated state machines closely approximate the behavior of components of the network under test. Faults in the system may be immediately apparent from the state machines, but more importantly the state machines can be used for formal analysis. We propose this as a cost-effective alternative to manually defining a state machine before beginning tests.
Visualizing multivariate network on the surface of a sphere
Authors: Yingxin Wu, Masahiro Takatsuka
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information Visualisation - Volume 60 (2006)

A multivariate network is a graph whose nodes contain multi-dimensional attributes. We propose a method to visualize such a network using spherical Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and circular layout. The spherical SOM produced an initial graph layout by grouping nodes with similar attributes to adjacent areas on the sphere. The circular layout algorithm fine tunes the position of each node to avoid node-node/node-edge overlap and minimize the number of edge crossings. We also implement an interface to project the spherical image onto a 2D plane such that the user can have a global view of the data set. The user is allowed to select any point of interest to be the center of the 2D projection.
International Working Group on Assurance Cases (for Security)
Authors: Robin E. Bloomfield, Sofia Guerra, Ann Miller, Marcelo Masera, Charles B. Weinstock
Venue: IEEE Security and Privacy (2006)

Critical systems are aptly named--from electric power to water and gas to the telephone system and theInternet, they're all critical to some aspect of our daily lives. We're a networked society and assuch, it's important to both know whether critical systems are trustworthy and be able to communicate,review, and debate the level of trust achieved in them. In the safety domain, explicit safety cases areincreasingly required by law, regulations, and standards. In this article, we outline what a small,international group of experts, spanning various disciplines in safety, security, reliability, andcritical infrastructure, been doing with the International Working Group on Assurance Cases (forSecurity), what we hope to achieve, and where we go next.
Audio-Visual Tools for Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Cardiac Disorders
Authors: Zeeshan Syed, Daniel Leeds, Dorothy Curtis, John Guttag
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2006)

The process of interpreting heart sounds is restricted by human auditory limitations. Shortcomings such as insensitivity to frequency changes, slow responses to rapidly occurring changes in acoustic signals and an inability to discriminate the presence of soft pathological sounds are the source of inaccuracies and persist even with experience. This restricts both the practice and teaching of auscultation. In this paper we propose and evaluate a suite of presentation tools for computer-assisted auscultation. We explore the use of digital signal processing techniques to slow down heart sounds while preserving frequency content, differential enhancement across frequency scales to amplify pathological disease signatures, visualization of the signal to measure changes in signal energy across time and presentation of a representative prototypical signal for the patient.
Implementing device UI in standards-based markup
Authors: Daniel F. Zucker, Elizabeth Dykstra-Erickson, Michimasa Uematsu, Tomy Kamada
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

In this case study, we present initial implementations for NFDM, a technology for leveraging the mobile web browser for user interface. This study focuses on using NFDM for the idle screen application. We describe NFDM technology and present both user feedback and lessons learned.
Algorithm-Hardware Codesign of Fast Parallel Round-Robin Arbiters
Authors: Si Qing Zheng, Mei Yang
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2007)

As a basic building block of a switch scheduler, a fast and fair arbiter is critical to the efficiency of the scheduler, which is the key to the performance of a high-speed switch or router. In this paper, we propose a parallel round-robin arbiter (PRRA) based on a simple binary search algorithm, which is specially designed for hardware implementation. We prove that our PRRA achieves round-robin fairness under all input patterns. We further propose an improved (IPRRA) design that reduces the timing of PRRA significantly. Simulation results with TSMC .18\mu m standard cell library show that PRRA and IPRRA can meet the timing requirement of a terabit 256\times256 switch. Both PRRA and IPRRA are much faster and simpler than the programmable priority encoder (PPE), a well-known round-robin arbiter design. We also introduce an additional design which combines PRRA and IPRRA and provides trade-offs in gate delay, wire delay, and circuit area. With the binary tree structure and high performance, our designs are scalable for large N and useful for implementing schedulers for high-speed switches and routers.
"It's always there, it's always on": Australian freelancer's management of availability using mobile technologies
Authors: Kirsten Sadler, Toni Robertson, Melanie Kan
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services (2006)

The paradigm of "access, anytime, anywhere" has been critiqued within the mobile HCI literature as a broad assumption that simplifies understandings of actual work practice, and as an example of rhetoric that allows researchers to ignore the temporal aspects of mobility. The key aspect of technology use that remains unclear, however, when discussing this paradigm is the complexity of the concept "anytime, anywhere" from the perspective of the user. This paper addresses this gap by discussing findings from an empirical study of freelance workers, across both work and social contexts, in which availability emerged as an important concern for participants. This paper explores the ways in which freelancers use their mobile devices to manage their availability to others. Finally, we also consider implications for the ways in which mobility is conceptualised within the mobile HCI literature.
The PENG System: Practice and Experience
Authors: Gabriella Pasi, Gloria Bordogna, Robert Villa
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (2006)

The PENG system is intended to provide an integrated and personalized environment for news professionals, providing functionalities for filtering, distributed retrieval, and a flexible interface environment for the display and manipulation of news materials. In this paper we review the progress and results of the PENG system to date, and describe in detail the document filtering part of the system, which is designed to gather and filter documents to user profiles. The current architecture will be described, along with some of the main issues which have so far been found in it's development.
An Active Head Tracking System for Distance Education and Videoconferencing Applications
Authors: Sami Huttunen, Janne Heikkila
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Video and Signal Based Surveillance (2006)

We present a system for automatic head tracking with a single pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera. In distance education the PTZ tracking system developed can be used to follow a teacher actively when s/he moves in the classroom. In other videoconferencing applications the system can be utilized to provide a close-up view of the person all the time. Since the color features used in tracking are selected and updated online, the system can adapt to changes rapidly. The information received from the tracking module is used to actively control the PTZ camera in order to keep the person in the camera view. In addition, the system implemented is able to recover from erroneous situations. Preliminary experiments indicate that the PTZ system can perform well under different lighting conditions and large scale changes.
Learning English via interactive mathematics: using a multimedia pre-calculus program to acquire language skills
Authors: Bernard Gifford, Mary Williamson, Patricia Constantakis-Valdes
Venue: Proceedings of the 1996 international conference on Learning sciences (1996)

A surprising and unanticipated use of a computer-based learning environment for pre-calculus was its use by students who were already proficient in calculus but who were native speakers of Russian. When asked why they were enrolled in the course, the students told us that they were using the program to improve their English skills. What was it about the program that allowed it to be used this way? We believe that the answer lies in the fact that the program relies heavily on spoken language and all speakers are native-speakers of English. For example, all text that appears on the screens is read aloud; video clips of "peers" are provided to motivate and direct the pre-calculus student. Both these elements of the program were listened to repeatedly by the Russian students. This paper takes a look at the pre-calculus program and examines what it is about the spoken English in the program that affords practice in speaking.
Spelling correction in the PubMed search engine
Authors: W. John Wilbur, Won Kim, Natalie Xie
Venue: Information Retrieval (2006)

It is known that users of internet search engines often enter queries with misspellings in one or more search terms. Several web search engines make suggestions for correcting misspelled words, but the methods used are proprietary and unpublished to our knowledge. Here we describe the methodology we have developed to perform spelling correction for the PubMed search engine. Our approach is based on the noisy channel model for spelling correction and makes use of statistics harvested from user logs to estimate the probabilities of different types of edits that lead to misspellings. The unique problems encountered in correcting search engine queries are discussed and our solutions are outlined.
Effective Analysis and Design of Computer-Supported Learning System
Authors: David Diez Cebollero, Camino Fernandez Llamas, Juan Manuel Dodero
Venue: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (2006)

The analysis phase constitutes an essential step in the development of information systems. Nevertheless, learning materials design activities currently have reduced the analysis phase to a narrative description of particular learning problems. The intention of this paper is to highlight the relevance of the analysis phase within the learning material development process. To this end, we introduce the concept of "Learning Analysis" as the set of mechanisms that enable us to analyze the design space based on a wellknown domain model.
DIRECT: A Robust Distributed Broker Framework for Trust and Reputation Management
Authors: Yue Zhang, Kwei-Jay Lin, Raymond Klefstad
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

Reputation systems for e-commerce uses past behaviors as a predictor of future behaviors. Reputation systems must meet the challenge on how to differentiate honest feedbacks from dishonest ones in order to reduce the system vulnerablity due to malicious attacks. To address this issue, we propose a distributed reputation and trust management broker framework, called DIRECT, for dishonesty prevention. In DIRECT, malicious attacks are monitored and detected by local and cross-broker check mechanisms using statistical distribution test technologies. In the presence of dishonest feedbacks, DIRECT effectively classifies users into the green (good) and red (bad) groups. It saves the correct reputation information provided by the green group, and reduces the impact of dishonest feedbacks from the red group. The performance study shows that the DIRECT sanity check mechanism. works effectively in the presence of dishonest and malicious feedbacks.
Geometric lower bounds for the spectrum of elliptic PDEs with Dirichlet conditions in part
Authors: Evans M. Harrell
Venue: Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (2006)

An extension of the lower-bound lemma of Boggio is given for the weak forms of certain elliptic operators, which are in general nonlinear and have partially Dirichlet and partially Neumann boundary conditions. Its consequences and those of an adapted Hardy inequality for the location of the bottom of the spectrum are explored in corollaries wherein a variety of assumptions are placed on the shape of the Dirichlet and Neumann boundaries.