ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
An organizational approach to routing printed circuit boards
Authors: Barry D. Heller, Robert S. Fisher
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference (1976)

Many attempts have been made to create better routers by developing new algorithms or modifying existing ones, the results of which have been published (sometimes). At Raytheon, an experiment was undertaken to increase the percentage of signals routed (in a batch router). The improvement technique consisted of modifying the order and manner in which connections were routed. This was accomplished by splitting the signal networks into parts, and using different rules for routing the different parts.
Virtual memory, processes, and sharing in Multics
Authors: Robert C. Daley, Jack B. Dennis
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Operating System Principles (1967)

The value of a computer system to its users is greatly enhanced if a user can, in a simple and general way, build his work upon procedures developed by others. The attainment of this essential generality requires that a computer system possess the features of equipment-independent addressing, an effectively infinite virtual memory, and provision for the dynamic linking of shared procedure and data objects. The paper explains how these features are realized in the Multics system.
An experiment with an introductory course in computer science
Authors: R. N. Chanon
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

During the spring semester of 1977 an experiment was undertaken to determine whether the introductory course in computer science could teach more that it has in the past. The experiment, as a whole, indicated that it is indeed possible to provide more content. Students responded well and learned more. This paper discusses an informal experiment; what motivated it; our methods; and finally its results.
A compiler language for data structures
Authors: Neal Laurance
Venue: Proceedings of the 1968 23rd ACM national conference (1968)

The subject of data structures has received a great deal of attention in the past few years, especially in relation to computer-aided design. Programming systems used for creating data structures (sometimes dignified by the name &ldquo;graphical languages&rdquo;)vary greatly in the rigidity of their representation and the types of facilities offered to the programmer. As an example of a high-level system, we can mention the formal language LEAP,1 in which the programmer can easily manipulate the logical elements of his model, and the structuring of the information (in the form of hash-coded tables) is performed automatically by the language system. At the other extreme we have a language like L62 which is a macro language useful in creating arbitrary list structures. The difference between these two &ldquo;graphical languages&rdquo; is so great that one could easily conceive of implementing the LEAP language using the L6 language. An excellent review of this subject is given by Gray.3 The present work is a language in the latter mold, to be used in the implementation of data-structure systems, rather than being a data-structure system itself. In many respects L6 has served as a model of the type of facilities desired, although the final product owes its parentage to several languages.
A Simulation Support System Capable Of Control, Monitoring And Simulation Of Airborne Systems
Authors: John C. Ostgaard
Venue: Proceedings of the 1978 annual conference (1978)

With increasing use of simulations as a means of demonstrating and verifying systems, more emphasis has been placed on simulation support systems capable of sustaining these demonstrations. This paper contains a discussion of a current Support System used in conjunction with the Digital Avionics Information System (DAIS) Program being conducted at the Air Force Avionics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Descriptions of Support Hardware Systems and Software Support and Analysis Programs are included in this document. The purpose of the Simulation Support System is to test and evaluate advanced avionic system and subsystem configurations. The support system provides a real-time simulation of a military aircraft performing an operational mission. The simulation generates interface signals between the aircraft sensor suite and the avionic system so that the avionics equipment is subjected to a data signal environment which is nearly identical to actual flight. In addition to the simulation of flight data, the support system has the capability to monitor, record and control the data from both the simulation and the actual flight hardware.
Speculation on the future of design automation
Authors: Stephen Y. H. Su
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th Design Automation Workshop (1974)

The future direction of the use of design automation for designing and developing digital data processing systems and hardware is highlighted. Some of the unsolved problems in design automation are indicated.
Historical development of Minnesota's instructional computing network
Authors: Donald Holznagel
Venue: Proceedings of the 1975 annual conference (1975)

Minnesota's instructional computing scene is growing and changing. The spirit of cooperation fostered by the pioneer's in the field has been accepted and expanded. The current statewide effort is succeeding in equalizing opportunity for outstate schools to access instructional computing facilities, continuing and expanding cooperation among educational systems, curtailing the proliferation of computing hardware and economizing service through a statewide communications network.
Market strategy via simulation
Authors: K. Roscoe Davis
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 2 (1974)

A firm's success within a fast growing and dynamic market depends upon its ability to respond to market demand and to react to competitive forces. A key element determining success is the pricing policy of the firm. But, product pricing is not simple, supply and demand as well as the interaction and reaction of competitors must be taken into consideration. By simulating a competitive market environment, however, a firm should be able to evaluate different pricing strategies prior to employing a strategy in actual practice. This paper presents a simulation model to serve this purpose. The MARKS simulator simulates a market environment based upon cost/price/volume relationships. In developing the simulation model the objective was to provide a tool for exploring the hypothesis: If an industry is characterized as one in which costs as well as price decline with cumulative production volume, then a pricing policy leading to market dominance is desirable. An &ldquo;optimal&rdquo; pricing strategy is not identified, but it is noted that the simulator provides a basis from which different strategies can be evaluated.
EMMA: Extended management macros in APL
Authors: Roy A. Sykes,  Jr., Robert R. Decloss
Venue: Proceedings of seventh international conference on APL (1975)

EMMA is a database management tool for programmers. It incorporates a simple and flexible file design with an easily expandable set of primitive functions to build, manipulate, and retrieve from large data files. The design goal was to relieve APL programmers of the detailed and time-consuming necessity of designing a new file structure and implementing access mechanisms for every new application encountered. Conceptually, EMMA simply enables access to a large virtual APL matrix stored on APL*PLUS(R) files. The matrix may be subdivided into layers giving the effect of a three-dimensional array. EMMA introduces two modified concepts to APL, that of the ragged three-dimensional array (wherein each layer may have a different number of rows), and that of the extended scalar (a value that EMMA treats as a scalar, but APL considers a vector).
Syntactic definition mechanisms
Authors: Teun van Gils
Venue: Proceedings of the international symposium on Extensible languages (1971)

The structure of a good syntax is derived from the requirement to understand and therefore to analyse a language easily. Every language possesses an abstract, representation-independent syntax. From this the operator precedence method and other complementary or alternative methods of analysis are deduced. It is possible to construct syntactic definition mechanisms by means of which for any abstract syntax different concrete languages can be defined, which are concise, surveyable, unambiguous and easily analysable. Incorporated in a programming language these syntactic definition mechanisms make that language syntactic extensible.
The siemens-avesta-system for computer-aided design of MOS-standard cell circuits
Authors: Konrad W. Koller, Ulrich Lauther
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th Design Automation Conference (1977)

A method developed for the computer aided layout of MOS standard-cell-circuits is described. In this method placement and routing are performed automatically using a SIEMENS 4004/151 computer. Resulting data are linked with the topographical description of the cells and displayed to the user on a CRT for further work. After discussing the concept of the standard-cell approach and a representation of the employed algorithms, the superiority of the described method with respect to the quality of the design and the time and cost of preparing is demonstrated in an example in which a comparison is made with results obtained using the conventional method.
A gate level model for CMOS combinational logic circuits with application to fault detection
Authors: Sudhakar M. Reddy, Vishwani D. Agrawal, Sunil K. Jain
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

A procedure to derive gate level equivalent circuits for CMOS combinational logic circuits is given. The procedure leads to a model containing AND, OR and NOT gates. Specifically it does not require memory elements as does an earlier model and also uses fewer gates. It is shown that tests for classical stuck-at-0 and stuck-at-1 faults in the equivalent circuit can be used to detect line stuck-at, stuck-open and stuck-on faults in the modeled CMOS circuit.
From algebras to programming languages
Authors: Eric G. Wagner
Venue: Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1973)

This paper gives an informal presentation of constructions which, when combined, enable one to construct high level programming languages from algebras or, equivalently, from collections of primitive operations on some set (e.g. from the arithmetic, vector and logical operations on the set of integers, integer vectors, and truth values). Using this approach one can construct languages with block structure, procedures, procedure calls by both name and value, plus essentially simpler concepts such as assignment statements and conditional transfers. The constructions are algebraic in the sense that they are constructions on algebras which yield new algebras. However, for the sake of comprehensibility, we present them in this paper in a more informal manner as constructions on &ldquo;black boxes&rdquo;. This paper is a continuation of work presented earlier in [3] and [4] and owes much to the joint work to be reported in [5].
Implications of integrated transportation engineering design systems for computer software and hardware development
Authors: S. M. Breuning, T. N. Harvey
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

This paper presents the computer-related implications, both on computer technology and on engineering, of solving an integrated, complex engineering problem. The discussion is based upon experience gained from a case study in which a series of essentially independent subsystem computer programs were used in modular interconnection for a comprehensive highway design problem. It should be emphasized that the authors speak as users, rather than developers, of computer systems.
Multi-dimensional systolic networks, for discrete fourier transform
Authors: Chang nian Zhang, David Y. Y. Yun
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th annual international symposium on Computer architecture (1984)

In this paper the problem of computing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in VLSI is considered. We describe an approach to extend the linear systolic array algorithm to the multidimensional systolic network algorithm. The proposed networks is based on the pipeline design and have regular structure. Among them the mesh-connected network matches, with a small factor, the known theoretical &Ohgr;(n2) lower bound to the (area &times; time2) measure of complexity in the planar VLSI.
Overview of an Arithmetic Design System
Authors: D. E. Atkins, W. Liu, S. Ong
Venue: Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference (1981)

This paper describes an evolving Arithmetic Design System (ADS) to support the quantitative evaluation of alternate number systems with respect to a given application and realization technology. A finite number system is a tuple consisting of a symbol set (elements are called &ldquo;digit-vectors&rdquo;), an interpretation set, a mapping between these two sets, and a set of operators (&ldquo;digit-vector algorithms&rdquo;) defined on the symbol set. A set of these digit vector algorithms are proposed for conducting arithmetic design and for computing time and space complexity of compositions of these algorithms. Once a transition has been made from arithmetic design to logic design, a sub-system of the ADS provides a estimate of time and space complexity with respect to a PLA-base of implementation.
Oracle - a simulator for Bipolar and MOS IC design
Authors: M. A. d'Abreu, K. L. Cheong, C. T. Flanagan
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference (1984)

This paper describes a logic simulation system that supports both Bipolar as well as MOS IC design. Some of the underLying concepts implemented in this system, which also supports mixed-level simulation, are described. A brief discussion of the basic Current Mode Logic (CML) primitives, simulation algorithms and basic data structures will also be presented.
Engineering applications II: Automatic production of meteorological contour charts
Authors: H. A. Bedient, J. R. Neilon
Venue: Proceedings of the 1962 ACM national conference on Digest of technical papers (1962)

THE NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER has had a requirement since its inception for rapid volume production of contour charts of continuous fields. Forecasts of meteorological parameters are notoriously perishable commodities and the most accurate prediction is useless unless it is disseminated to the proper users in timely fashion. A system which uses a computer, the speed of which is measured in microseconds, is severely handicapped if each output forecast must undergo many minutes of post-processing before it is in proper form for dissemination.
A retrospective (Panel): Six perennial issues in computer graphics
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

Graphics has been an industry for more than 15 years. Some workers trace its origins almost )0 years. The dramatic gains in silicon technology along with more highly developed understanding of the mathematics of graphics have transformed the architecture of computer graphic systems and produced a bewildering array of products and services. This retrospective panel will try to put several key things in perspective. Dr. Alan Kay, recently of Atari Computer and currently an Apple Fellow, will characterize the role of graphics in the overall world of computing and information processing. Carl Machover of Machover Associates will trace the development of display technology and its employment in computer graphics systems. Dr. David Evan, Chairman of the Board of Evans and Sutherland will create the retrospective on our ability to produce realism in imagery. In turn Dr. Robert Sproull, Sutherland, Sutherland and Associates will trace the development of transformation that have found their way into silicon technology. Dr. James Foley, of George Washington University will track our progress in the technology of interaction, while Dr. Robin Forrest of the University of East Angela will trace geometric modeling and Dr. Ed Cattail, Director of Development at Lucasfilm will put our progress in animation in perspective.
The design of an integrated support software system
Authors: Arra Avakian, Sam Haradhvala, Bruce Knobe
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction (1982)

This paper describes some of the interesting features of a large integrated support software system. The system was built to support the development, on an IBM 370, of an extremely large Pascal program to be run on a network of Intel 8086 microprocessors. The Pascal program was composed of over 1500 separately compiled components containing over 1,000,000 lines of source code. About 200 technical people were involved in this activity. In a project of this magnitude, integration issues are of overriding importance. There must be all the type checking and managerial control associated with standard Pascal programs, but the Pascal solution of compiling the whole application as one unit is clearly unacceptable. Various pieces must be separately compiled.
Hybrid Pen-Input Character Recognition System Based on Integration of Online-Offline Recognition
Authors: Hiroshi Tanaka, Kenji Nakajima, Kazushi Ishigaki, Katsuhiko Akiyama, Masaki Nakagawa
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (1999)

We will describe a handwriting character recognition system that integrates offline recognition requiring a bitmap image and online recognition involving an input pattern as a sequence of x-y coordinates.Offline recognition performs well for painted or overwritten patterns for which online recognition would not be suited, whereas online recognition is suitable for very deformed patterns for which offline recognition is not suited. Because each method has different recognition capabilities, the methods complement each other when integrated them. We have implemented a hybrid handwriting character recognition system in which the recognition results of the offline and online recognizer are integrated to create an improved product. After testing several integration methods for a handwriting character database, we found that the best method increased the recognition rate from 73.8% (offline) and 84.8% (online) to 87.6% (integrated).
Testing for bridging faults (shorts) in CMOS circuits
Authors: John M. Acken
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The stuck-at fault model, which is commonly used with fault simulation, does not adequately evaluate the effects of bridging faults (shorts between adjacent signal lines) in CMOS circuits. Tests for bridging faults can be performed on automatic test equipment, and the test vectors can be evaluated using logic simulation.
Selecting and successfully implementing a turnkey computer graphics system
Authors: Frank W. Bliss, George M. Hyman
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference (1980)

Success with computer graphics depends upon the users as much as the system itself. This paper outlines procedures for selecting and successfully using an interactive computer graphics system. Ford Motor Company's experience with computer graphics is reviewed, followed by a brief description of the various types of graphics systems that are available. INITIAL PREPARATION examines the techniques used to evaluate graphic systems including formation of an evaluation team, and application analysis. GRAPHICS EVALUATION describes the methods used to test a graphics system, including benchmark specification and human engineering considerations. COMPUTER SYSTEM EVALUATION examines other factors in system selection: programming, communications, documentation, and service. SYSTEM START UP addresses site preparation, people preparation, system acceptance, and operator selection. Finally, operator TRAINING and SYSTEM MANAGEMENT are discussed.
Digital and physical simulation of manufacturing systems
Authors: P. H. Cohen, R. A. Wysk
Venue: Proceedings of the 16th conference on Winter simulation (1984)

The introduction of expensive computer-integrated manufacturing systems in industry has created a need for new planning, design, analysis and implementation. Problems in the planning of these manufacturing systems which need to be addressed are identified along with the needed characteristics of the models used to describe them. Various modeling and simulation procedures are identified and discussed in terms of how effective these procedures can be to model modern manufacturing systems. The fidelity of the models will also be addressed.
&ldquo;The simple internal procedure as an effective tool in the teaching and practice of structured PL/I&rdquo;
Authors: David R. Levine
Venue: Proceedings of the seventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1977)

This paper reports on two successful curricular innovations made in the first-year PL/I programming course at Rutgers. Simple internal procedures are introduced at an early point, and used extensively thereafter; and fairly long, large programming projects are undertaken. The combined effect significantly reinforces the presentation of structured programming methodology, as well as enhancing the general educational effectiveness of the course.
Architectures for MPEG compressed bitstream scaling
Authors: Huifang Sun, W. Kwok, J. Zdepski
Venue: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 1)-Volume 1 - Volume 1 (1995)

The Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) video coding standard has been proposed for a variety of applications for video transmission and storage. Several applications such as video on demand, trick-play track on digital VTRs and extended-play recording VTRs motivate the idea of bitstream scaling which intends to reduce the compressed bitstream size according to the outgoing channel capacity. We propose several methods for implementation of bitstream scaling. The different methods have varying hardware implementation complexity, with each having its own degree of tradeoff between required hardware and resulting image quality.
Micro control hardware and high level languages interpretor: An attempt of macro supported by firmware
Authors: J. Demarteau
Venue: Conference record of the 7th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1974)

The aim of this paper is to try and describe a new technique for implementing microprograms to form a dynamic interpretor of macro-languages. It demonstrates the connexion between the control address mechanism in micro-instruction and the structure of a dynamic interpretor. The proposed mechanism, which is like the Eastwood fetch/generator instruction (1), is founded on a microprocedure call generator. The control store and control mechanism of the CPU are split into two specific levels : the first one, MIDEF (MIcroprocedure DEFinition) level is for defining short microprocedures, the second, MICALL (MIcroprocedure CALL) level, for linking these micro procedures together, MICALL being the fetch/generator mechanism. Independence between microprocedures at MIDEF level allows to link microprocedure dynamically at MICALL level in order to interpret directly new MACRO instructions. This paper describes briefly the options that the EPRON (2) project has taken. EPRON being our test-tool for interaction between hard-, firm- and software.