ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Towards a generic approach for characterizing and mapping tropical secondary forests in the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: C. Tottrup, M. S. Rasmussen, J. Samek, D. L. Skole
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

This paper evaluates the generalization potential of a classification approach for the task of mapping tropical secondary forest across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia. The approach applies linear mixture modelling to atmospherically and topographically corrected Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data, and the resulting fractional images of green vegetation, background and shade are classified into four major land covers using a decision tree classifier. The results indicate a potential for developing a generic linear mixture model. However, the decision rules by which end-member fractions are classified into land cover classes are site-specific. Therefore a regional applicable and fully automated mapping approach is not realistic. This study concludes, however, that an approach which couples linear mixture modelling and decision tree classification is both accurate and robust for mapping tropical secondary forests across the region.
A new interpretation of average precision
Authors: Stephen Robertson
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

We consider the question of whether Average Precision, as a measure of retrieval effectiveness, can be regarded as deriving from a model of user searching behaviour. It turns out that indeed it can be so regarded, under a very simple stochastic model of user behaviour.
An analogue of the Myhill-Nerode theorem and its use in computing finite-basis characterizations
Authors: M. R. Fellows
Venue: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1989)

A theorem that is a graph-theoretic analog of the Myhill-Nerode characterization of regular languages is proved. The theorem is used to establish that for many applications obstruction sets are computable by known algorithms. The focus is exclusively on what is computable (by a known algorithm) in principle, as opposed to what is computable in practice.
A First Course in Order Statistics (Classics in Applied Mathematics)
Authors: Barry C. Arnold, N. Balakrishnan, H. N. Nagaraja
Venue:  (2008)

Written in a simple style that requires no advanced mathematical or statistical background, A First Course in Order Statistics introduces the general theory of order statistics and their applications. The book covers topics such as distribution theory for order statistics from continuous and discrete populations, moment relations, bounds and approximations, order statistics in statistical inference and characterization results, and basic asymptotic theory. There is also a short introduction to record values and related statistics. This classic text will aid readers in understanding much of the current literature on order statistics, a burgeoning field of study that is a requisite for any practicing statistician and an essential part of the training for students in statistics. The authors have updated the text with suggestions for further reading that readers may use for self-study. Audience This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in statistics and mathematics, practicing statisticians, engineers, climatologists, economists, and biologists. Contents Preface to the Classics Edition; Further Reading; Preface; Acknowledgments; Notations and Abbreviations; Errata; Chapter 1: Introduction and Preview; Chapter 2: Basic Distribution Theory; Chapter 3: Discrete Order Statistics; Chapter 4: Order Statistics from Some Specific Distributions; Chapter 5: Moment Relations, Bounds, and Approximations; Chapter 6: Characterizations Using Order Statistics; Chapter 7: Order Statistics in Statistical Inference; Chapter 8: Asymptotic Theory; Chapter 9: Record Values; Bibliography; Author Index; Subject Index.
Some results on generalized exponents
Authors: Stewart Neufeld, Jian Shen
Venue: Journal of Graph Theory (1998)

A digraph G = (V, E) is primitive if, for some positive integer k, there is a u ➝ v walk of length k for every pair u, v of vertices of V. The minimum such k is called the exponent of G, denoted exp(G). The exponent of a vertex u &isin; V, denoted exp(u), is the least integer k such that there is a u ➝ v walk of length k for each v &isin; V. For a set X &sube; V, exp(X) is the least integer k such that for each v &isin; V there is a X ➝ v walk of length k, i.e., a u ➝ v walk of length k for some u &isin; X. Let F(G, k) : = max{exp(X) : |X| = k} and F(n, k) : = max{F(G, k) : |V| = n}, where |X| and |V| denote the number of vertices in X and V, respectively. Recently, B. Liu and Q. Li proved F(n, k) = (n - k)(n - 1) + 1 for all 1 d k &le; n - 1. In this article, for each k, 1 &le; k &le; n - 1, we characterize the digraphs G such that F(G, k) = F(n, k), thereby answering a question of R. Brualdi and B. Liu. We also find some new upper bounds on the (ordinary) exponent of G in terms of the maximum outdegree of G, &Delta;+(G) = max{d+(u) : u &isin; V}, and thus obtain a new refinement of the Wielandt bound (n - 1)2 + 1. &copy; 1998 John Wiley Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 28: 215225, 1998
IBM System Storage Ds8000 Series: Architecture and Implementation
Authors: IBM Redbooks
Venue:  (2007)

This book will help you plan, install, and configure the IBM System Storage DS8000 Series. This publication discusses the architecture and components of the DS8000, and it provides useful information for those who will manage the DS8000. It includes hints and tips derived from users experiences for efficient installation and use. The DS8000 Series considerably extends the high performance and virtualization capabilities of its predecessors and is available in several Turbo models with IBM POWER5+ dual two-way or dual four-way processor complex implementations, as well as a Storage System LPAR capable model. All models use a switched Fibre Channel design that enables larger growth capacities, plus reliability and service characteristics appropriate for the most demanding requirements. The DS8000 increased power and extended connectivity make it suitable for environments with multiple servers, both for open systems and System z. The DS8000 Turbo models also feature: point-in-time and Remote Mirror and Copy functions for business continuance solutions; 500 GB FATA drives for capacities up to 320 TB and 512 TB; the 4 Gb Fibre Channel /FICON host adapter connectivity option. Other enhancements such as Storage Pool Striping and Dynamic Volume Expansion are discussed in this edition.
Efficient segmentation based on Eikonal and diffusion equations
Authors: Christopher Alvino, Gozde Unal, Greg Slabaugh, Bertrand Peny, Tong Fang
Venue: International Journal of Computer Mathematics (2007)

Segmentation of regions of interest in an image has important applications in medical image analysis, particularly in computer aided diagnosis. Segmentation can enable further quantitative analysis of anatomical structures. We present efficient image segmentation schemes based on the solution of distinct partial differential equations (PDEs). For each known image region, a PDE is solved, the solution of which locally represents the weighted distance from a region known to have a certain segmentation label. To achieve this goal, we propose the use of two separate PDEs, the Eikonal equation and a diffusion equation. In each method, the segmentation labels are obtained by a competition criterion between the solutions to the PDEs corresponding to each region. We discuss how each method applies the concept of information propagation from the labelled image regions to the unknown image regions. Experimental results are presented on magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and ultrasound images and for both two-region and multi-region segmentation problems. These results demonstrate the high level of efficiency as well as the accuracy of the proposed methods.
Energy minimization-based analysis of electrowetting for microelectronics cooling applications
Authors: V. Bahadur, S. V. Garimella
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2008)

Electrowetting (EW)-induced droplet motion has been studied over the last decade in view of its promising applications in the field of microfluidics. The objective of the present work is to analyze the physics underlying two specific EW-based applications for microelectronics thermal management. The first of these involves heat absorption by liquid droplets moving on the surface of a chip under EW actuation. Droplet motion between two flat plates under the influence of an electrowetting voltage is analyzed. An energy minimization framework is employed to predict the actuation force on a droplet. This framework, in combination with semi-analytical models for the forces opposing droplet motion, is used to develop a model that predicts transient EW-induced droplet motion. The second application is targeted at hot-spot thermal management and relies on the control of droplet states on artificially structured surfaces through an applied EW voltage. The influence of an electrowetting voltage in determining and altering the state of a static droplet resting on a rough surface is analyzed. An energy minimization-based modeling approach reveals the influence of interfacial energies, surface roughness parameters and electric fields in determining the apparent contact angle of a droplet in the Cassie and Wenzel states under the influence of an EW voltage. The model is used to establish preliminary criteria to design rough surfaces for use in the hot-spot mitigation application. The concept of an electrically tunable thermal resistance switch for hot-spot cooling applications is introduced and analyzed.
Peopletones: a system for the detection and notification of buddy proximity on mobile phones
Authors: Kevin A. Li, Timothy Y. Sohn, Steven Huang, William G. Griswold
Venue: Proceeding of the 6th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services (2008)

Mobile phones have the potential to be useful agents for their owners by detecting and reporting situations that are of interest. Several challenges emerge in the case of detecting and reporting nice to know situations. Being alerted of these events may not be of critical importance but may be useful if the user is not busy. For detection, the precision of sensing must be high enough to minimize annoying false notifications, despite the constraints imposed by the inaccuracy of commodity sensors and the limited battery power available on mobile phones. For reporting, the notifications cannot be too obtrusive to the user or those in the vicinity. Peripheral cues are appropriate for conveying information like proximity, but have been studied primarily in settings like offices where sensors and cueing mechanisms can be controlled. We explore these issues through the design of PeopleTones, a buddy proximity application for mobile phones. We contribute (1) an algorithm for detecting proximity, (2) techniques for reducing sensor noise and power consumption, and (3) a method for generating peripheral cues. Empirical measurements demonstrate the precision and recall characteristics of our proximity algorithm. A two-week study of three groups of friends using PeopleTones shows that our techniques were effective, enabling the study of how people respond to peripheral cues in the wild. Our qualitative findings underscore the importance of cue selection and personal control for peripheral cues.
Question recommendation for user-interactive question answering systems
Authors: Dawei Hu, Shenhua GU, Shitong Wang, Liu Wenyin, Enhong Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communication (2008)

A balanced question recommendation mechanism for user-interactive question answering (QA) systems is proposed to automatically recommend a new question to suitable users to answer. In this mechanism, a user modeling method is used to estimate the interests and professional areas of each user so that we can choose suitable users to answer a given question. To make most questions be answered in time, a load balancing component is used to balance the work of each user. Moreover, a question priority queue is maintained to ensure the important questions to be recommended earlier. Preliminary experiments show our proposed mechanism's accuracy in question recommendation and efficacy in load balancing for all users.
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering
Venue: International Conference on Software Engineering (2008)

Welcome to the Fourth Workshop on End-User Software Engineering. WEUSE IV is a one-day workshop aimed at challenges faced in helping end users develop dependable software. WEUSE IV is structured around four themes. Each of the twenty short papers accepted to the workshop has overlap with one or more of the following themes: Empirical Evaluation in End-User Software Engineering Learning from End Users Software Engineering for End Users End-User Tools for Creating Dependable Software Each theme will be introduced by a session lead who will set forth his or her vision in the theme area, taking into account relevant papers. Following each presentation, there will be ample time for discussion.
Generic access network emulation for NGN testbeds
Authors: Joachim Fabini, Peter Reichl, Christoph Egger, Marco Happenhofer, Michael Hirschbichler, Lukas Wallentin
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Testbeds and research infrastructures for the development of networks & communities (2008)

Evaluating the user satisfaction with Next Generation Network applications requires, amongst others, to carefully study the impact of various access networks with differing performance characteristics. This paper presents the concept and implementation of a network emulator for IP-based packet-switched wired and wireless access technologies based on measurement results obtained in real access networks. We present a generic modeling process which consists of three stages: (1) metric and measurement methodology selection, (2) measurements in real access networks, and (3) access network emulation based on the measurement results. Whereas the proposed modeling concept is generic and can be applied to any metric, the implementation part of this paper focuses on changes to the Open Source Linux WAN emulator NetEm which are required to accurately emulate one-way delay for access networks. We propose two distinct emulation options and compare one-way delay measurement results for real access technologies against the emulated ones, emphasizing limitations and pitfalls related to access network emulation in general.
Cognitive Approach to Medical Pattern Recognition, Structure Modelling and Image Understanding
Authors: Lidia Ogiela, Ryszard Tadeusiewicz, Marek R. Ogiela
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

This paper presents some possibilities of applying mathematical linguistic formalisms, in the form of structural pattern recognition, in the development of a new class of intelligent medical diagnosis-support and image recognition systems – Cognitive Vision Systems. Such methods are aimed at facilitating the semantic analysis of the meaning of some selected medical patterns based on the presence of cognitive resonance. When trying to apply this cognitive resonance to the automatic analysis and interpretation of image-type data, we propose a new class of information systems: UBIAS (Understanding Based Image Analysis Systems). The procedures proposed are based on the cognitive resonance and categorization model. The application presented in this paper will show how great the opportunities are for automatically detecting lesions in the analysed structures.
Reproducibility of genotypes as measured by the affymetrix GeneChip® 100K Human Mapping Array set
Authors: Brooke L. Fridley, Stephen T. Turner, Arlene B. Chapman, Andrei S. Rodin, Eric Boerwinkle, Kent R. Bailey
Venue: Computational Statistics Data Analysis (2008)

Genotyping errors that are undetected in genome-wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may degrade the likelihood of detecting true positive associations. To estimate the frequency of genotyping errors and assess the reproducibility of genotype calls, we analyzed two sets of duplicate data, one dataset containing twenty blind duplicates and another dataset containing twenty-eight nonrandom duplicates, from a genome-wide association study using Affymetrix GeneChip^(R)100 K Human Mapping Arrays. For the twenty blind duplicates the overall agreement in genotyping calls as measured with the Kappa statistics, was 0.997, with a discordancy rate of 0.27%. For the twenty-eight nonrandom duplicates, the overall agreement was lower, 0.95, with a higher discordancy rate of 4.53%. The accuracy and probability of concordancy were inversely related to the genotyping uncertainty score, i.e., as the genotyping uncertainty score increased, the concordancy and probability of concordant calls decreased. Lowering of the uncertainty score threshold for rejection of genotype calls from the Affymetrix recommended value of 0.25 to 0.20 resulted in an increased predicted accuracy from 92.6% to 95% with a slight increase in the ''No Call'' rate from 1.81% to 2.33%. Hence, we suggest using a lower uncertainty score threshold, say 0.20, which will result in higher accuracy in calls at a modest decrease in the call rate.
MASTAC: new curriculum for master and doctoral studies in critical software and computing
Authors: Vyacheslav Kharchenko, Chris Phillips, Peter Popov, Oksana Pomorova, Alexander Romanovsky, Elena Troubitsyna
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Software Engineering in east and south europe (2008)

The paper presents the on-going EC-funded Tempus project "MSc and PhD studies in Aerospace Critical Computing" executed by the National Aerospace University, Kharkiv, Ukraine with the support of Newcastle University and City University of London, UK and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. The state-of-the-art, completed work as well as the next steps of the development of master and doctoral courses for the specialty in critical software engineering, computer systems and networks are described. The inputs from each of the European consortium members are presented.
Routing Performance in Air Traffic Services Networks
Authors: Thomas Rausch, Heimo Zeilinger, Andreas Kaindl
Venue: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Networking (2008)

Fixed alternative routing algorithms are currently used for call establishment in voice communication systems of air traffic services. Under certain conditions, the standardized routing scheme create suboptimal routing decisions. A simple extension of the currently used algorithm prevents routes from being selected during call setup, if the particular route has recently been used for an unsuccessful call setup. The modification solves the stated routing problem and its performance is compared with other dynamic algorithms.
LBP-guided active contours
Authors: Michalis A. Savelonas, Dimitris K. Iakovidis, Dimitris Maroulis
Venue: Pattern Recognition Letters (2008)

This paper investigates novel LBP-guided active contour approaches to texture segmentation. The local binary pattern (LBP) operator is well suited for texture representation, combining efficiency and effectiveness for a variety of applications. In this light, two LBP-guided active contours have been formulated, namely the scalar-LBP active contour (s-LAC) and the vector-LBP active contour (v-LAC). These active contours combine the advantages of both the LBP texture representation and the vector-valued active contour without edges model, and result in high quality texture segmentation. s-LAC avoids the iterative calculation of active contour equation terms derived from textural feature vectors and enables efficient, high quality texture segmentation. v-LAC evolves utilizing regional information encoded by means of LBP feature vectors. It involves more complex computations than s-LAC but it can achieve higher segmentation quality. The computational cost involved in the application of v-LAC can be reduced if it is preceded by the application of s-LAC. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approaches demonstrates their segmentation performance on a variety of standard images of natural textures and scenes.
A Survey of RFID Authentication Protocols
Authors: Yawer Yousuf, Vidyasagar Potdar
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

RFID are small wireless devices which can be used for identification of objects and humans as well. Their acceptance has grown in past years and is expected to grow further. Due to reduction in cost of production, RFID devices are being deployed in large numbers in supply chains (by Wal-Mart, etc.) In this paper we provide a comprehensive survey of various RFID authentication protocols proposed in the literature and classify them in different categories. We then study RFID authentication protocols having minimalist technique namely EMAP, LMAP, and M2MAP.
Using Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation Approach to Defend DDoS Attacks
Authors: Chu-Hsing Lin, Jung-Chun Liu, Hsun-Chi Huang, Tsung-Che Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2008)

Denial of service attacks occur when the attacks are from a single host, whereas distributed denial of service attacks occur when multiple affected systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system. Although it is not possible to exempt entirely from denial of service or distributed denial of service attacks, we can limit the malicious user by controlling the traffic flow. In the paper, we propose to monitor the traffic pattern in order to alleviate distributed denial of service attacks. A bandwidth allocation policy will be adopted to assign normal users to a high priority queue and suspected attackers to a low priority queue. Simulations conducted in network simulator of our proposed priority queue-based scheme shows its effectiveness in blocking attack traffic while maintaining constant flows for legitimate traffic.
Force-fed evaporation and condensation utilizing advanced micro-structured surfaces and micro-channels
Authors: Thomas Baummer, Edvin Cetegen, Michael Ohadi, Serguei Dessiatoun
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2008)

This paper presents results of an experimental study on phase change cooling of high flux electronics utilizing an innovative phase-change technique involving force-fed evaporation and condensation. The technique utilizes high-performance micro-structured surfaces consisting of alternating fins and channels, coupled with a force-fed mechanism in the evaporator and condenser. The force-fed mechanism provides a highly vigorous micro-channel convective heat transfer environment with the net effect of substantially higher heat transfer coefficients without the high-pressure drop penalties that are normally associated with such flows. Our recent results demonstrate dissipation heat flux levels well above 300W/cm^2 with corresponding heat transfer coefficients of close to 90,000-100,000W/m^2K, using HFE-7100 as the working fluid. For the condensation mode, the force-fed method produces heat fluxes up to 58W/cm^2 with a heat transfer coefficient of 32,000W/m^2K using HFE-7100.