ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Display Types for AR Selection and Annotation
Authors: Jason Wither, Stephen DiVerdi, Tobias Hollerer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (2007)

This paper evaluates different display devices for selection or annotation tasks in augmented reality (AR). We compare three different display types - a head mounted display and two hand held displays. The first hand held display is configured as a magic lens where the user sees the augmented space directly behind the display. The second hand held display is configured to be used at waist level (as one would commonly hold a tablet computer) but the view is still of the scene in front of the user. Making a selection or annotation in AR requires two distinct tasks by the user. First, the user must find the real (or virtual) object they want to mark. Second, the user must move a cursor to the object's location. We test and compare our three representative displays with respect to both tasks. We found that using a hand held display in the magic lens configuration was faster for cursor movement than either of the other two displays. There was no significant difference among the displays regarding the amount of time it took users to search for either physical or virtual objects.
Visual quality of the ground in 3D models: using color-coded images to blend aerial photos with tiled detail-textures
Authors: Mattias Roupé, Mikael Johansson
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, Visualisation and Interaction in Africa (2009)

In interactive 3D-environments of urban-planning projects, the ground materials and land features are often represented by aerial photos. These lack of detail and therefore often look blurred and diffuse. This paper presents a technique to enhance the visual quality of the ground by blending the aerial photos with tiled detail-textures in a level-of-detail integrated system that is controlled by color-coded images. The color-coded images are created by extracting land features such as grass, asphalt, rock and water from the aerial photos or 2D CAD-drawings. The effects of different resolutions of the aerial photo and color-coded image are presented and discussed. To evaluate this approach, the technique was tested on a simple rendering performance scene and on two sub-sets of the 3D-city model of G&ouml;teborg, namely a landscape and an urban data set. The visual quality and rendering speed of the 3D model were positive and are presented in several images and table.
Issue and solution on coverage and performance for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shuo Zhang, Juhua Pu, Xiao Zeng, Yuheng Liu, Zhang Xiong
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th Asian Conference on Internet Engineering (2008)

To reduce energy consumption and extend lifetime is concernful in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Besides, WSNs need to maintain coverage quality to capture the timely changed targets. A broad strategy is to select some sensors as working nodes to cover the monitored region while turning off redundant nodes. Therefore, scheduling node state and maintaining the coverage quality are two important aspects in WSNs. The contribution lies in two aspects in this paper. First, we present a mathematical model to compute minimum number of nodes under any given required coverage quality. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach is more accurate when the ratio of target region to sensor region is larger, and the complexity of proposed method is lower while the sensor's region can be perceived as arbitrary shape. Second, it is an NP-hard issue that network's coverage quality and ratio of sleeping nodes get to maximize together. The paper experiments by using genetic algorithm to try to solve this problem, which is significant in WSNs for practical applications.
Software reliability and advanced avionics
Authors: Gerard E. Migneault
Venue: Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference (1980)

This paper proposes that software is becoming the most safety critical element of the highly reliable avionics systems which will be needed in civil transport aircraft of the future. The paper first discusses the pressures leading to the use of digital technology, especially computers with software, in future civil transport aircraft. The level of required reliability pertaining to safety is then determined, both as mandated by regulations and as observed in actual practice. Finally, advanced fault tolerant computers are described. Their reliability is simply analyzed in order to determine the role software will play; it is critical. The level of software reliability required is then examined.
Real-Time Dynamic Scene Analysis Using Differential Technique and Performance Evaluation with Optical Flow
Authors: H. S. Mohana, G. Shivakumar, M. Ashwathakumar
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

Real time dynamic scene analysis has become very important aspect as the increase in video input analysis. Although several dynamic scene analysis techniques are available, some of them poses increased computational complexity problem. In the present work a simple differential algorithm is designed and tested with traffic flux estimation application. Traffic flux estimation will play a very vital role in implementing intelligent traffic control scheme. The technique developed is having simple statistical background. Dynamic selection of images, from the sequence is implemented successfully in order to reduce the computation time. To establish the validity of these techniques, many natural traffic sequences have been obtained without considering any preconceived conditions like illumination, obstacles and shadows. While, the sequences selected are devoid of ego-motion problem. The designed techniques are evaluated with such twenty different video sequences and weighed thoroughly with simple confidence measures. In the present work we have achieved real time analysis with normal video rate of 30 frames per second. This is in comparison with the one frame per second using near real time optical flow computation. The result produced with this analysis is extremely good and is beneficial in the real time traffic control and tracking of vehicles in the urban areas. MATLAB image processing toolbox is explored to implement the techniques.
Architectural support for shadow memory in multiprocessors
Authors: Vijay Nagarajan, Rajiv Gupta
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments (2009)

Runtime monitoring support serves as a foundation for the important tasks of providing security, performing debugging, and improving performance of applications. Often runtime monitoring requires the maintenance of information associated with each of the application's original memory location, which is held in corresponding shadow memory locations. Unfortunately, existing robust shadow memory implementations are inefficient. In this paper, we present a shadow memory implementation that is both efficient and robust. A combination of architectural support (in the form of ISA support and augmentations to the cache coherency protocol) and operating system support (in the form of coupled allocation of memory pages used by the application and associated shadow memory pages) is proposed. By coupling the coherency of shadow memory with the coherency of the main memory, we ensure that the shadow memory instructions execute atomically with their corresponding original memory instructions. Our page allocation policy enables fast translation of original addresses into corresponding shadow memory addresses; thus allowing implicit addressing of shadow memory. This approach obviates the need for page table entries for shadow pages. Our experiments show that the overheads of runtime monitoring tasks are significantly reduced in comparison to previous software implementations.
A new perspective on feasibility determination
Authors: Roberto Szechtman, Enver Yücesan
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Winter Simulation (2008)

We consider the problem of feasibility determination in a stochastic setting. In particular, we wish to determine whether a system belongs to a given set &Gamma; based on a performance measure estimated through Monte Carlo simulation. Our contribution is two-fold: (i) we characterize fractional allocations that are asymptotically optimal; and (ii) we provide an easily implementable algorithm, rooted in stochastic approximation theory, that results in sampling allocations that provably achieve in the limit the same performance as the optimal allocations. The finite-time behavior of the algorithm is also illustrated on two small examples.
A Cluster Warhead Projection-Time Self-Adaptive Algorithm and Simulation
Authors: Qiang Shen, Mian Ge, Jie Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (2009)

This paper proposes a self-adaptive algorithm for the projection-time of the cluster warhead, which is applicable to the realization of the engineering project with low cost. On the basis of keeping the simplified correction strategy that keeps the constant distance of the projection points and through detecting the deviation of the actual trajectory data at a specific time with respect to the pre-determined trajectory data, this algorithm adopts the simple functional relationship to calculate the correction of the projection time. It adopts Monte Carlo computer simulation method to verify. The circular probable error of the projection point, caused by this algorithm, at the horizontal distance is 8.2 meters. The working content and the flow procedures for the setter and the fuze projection-time self-adaptive controller, which adopts this algorithm, are finally concluded. While being free from influencing the precision, this algorithm can effectively simplify the design of the projection-time self-adaptive projection controller, can reduce the volume and the circuit power consumption, and is applicable to be used on the fuze.
Execution monitoring enforcement for limited-memory systems
Authors: Chamseddine Talhi, Nadia Tawbi, Mourad Debbabi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services (2006)

Recently, attention has been given to formally characterize security policies that are enforceable by different kinds of security mechanisms. Since execution monitoring (EM) is a ubiquitous technique for enforcing security policies, this class of enforcement mechanisms has attracted the attention of the majority of authors characterizing security enforcement. A very important research problem is the characterization of security policies that are enforceable by execution monitors constrained by memory limitations. This paper contributes to give more precise answers to this research problem. To represent execution monitors constrained by memory limitations, we introduce a new class of automata that we call Bounded History Automata. Characterizing memory limitations gives rise to a precise taxonomy of security policies enforceable under such constraints. This work is in the same line as the research work advanced by Schneider [31], Ligatti et. al [1, 21] and Fong [12] on security enforcement. Our main contribution consists in (1) instantiating Fong's abstraction idea to deal with memory-limitations, (2) defining Bounded History Automata by applying our abstraction to both security automata and edit automata [1], and (3) Reasoning about the enforcement power of bounded history automata by investigating the enforcement of locally testable properties; a well studied class of languages that are recognizable by investigating "local" information. Our approach gives rise to a realistic evaluation of the enforcement power of execution monitoring. This evaluation is based on bounding the memory size used by the monitor to save execution history, and identifying the security policies enforceable under such constraint.
A hybrid intrusion detection system design for computer network security
Authors: M. Ali Aydın, A. Halim Zaim, K. Gökhan Ceylan
Venue: Computers and Electrical Engineering (2009)

Intrusions detection systems (IDSs) are systems that try to detect attacks as they occur or after the attacks took place. IDSs collect network traffic information from some point on the network or computer system and then use this information to secure the network. Intrusion detection systems can be misuse-detection or anomaly detection based. Misuse-detection based IDSs can only detect known attacks whereas anomaly detection based IDSs can also detect new attacks by using heuristic methods. In this paper we propose a hybrid IDS by combining the two approaches in one system. The hybrid IDS is obtained by combining packet header anomaly detection (PHAD) and network traffic anomaly detection (NETAD) which are anomaly-based IDSs with the misuse-based IDS Snort which is an open-source project. The hybrid IDS obtained is evaluated using the MIT Lincoln Laboratories network traffic data (IDEVAL) as a testbed. Evaluation compares the number of attacks detected by misuse-based IDS on its own, with the hybrid IDS obtained combining anomaly-based and misuse-based IDSs and shows that the hybrid IDS is a more powerful system.
Proceedings of the 15th workshop on Early aspects
Venue: Aspect-oriented software development (2009)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 15th Edition of the Early Aspects workshop. This year's workshop continues its tradition of being the premier forum for presentation of research results and tool demos on leading edge issues of identifying, representing, modularizing, and composing the crosscutting concerns in requirements engineering and architectural design. The theme of this year's workshop is "learning from each other and from ourselves." The workshop gives researchers and practitioners a unique opportunity to share their perspectives with others interested in the various facets of early aspects. The call for papers attracted a dozen submissions from Asia, Europe, South America, and the United States. The program committee accepted 7 research papers that cover a variety of topics, including security concerns, business process modeling, architecture refactoring, model-driven development, and goal-oriented requirements analysis. In addition, the program includes a tool demo for identifying conflicting dependencies in requirements documents and a keynote speech by Mehmet Aksit from the University of Twente, The Netherlands. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for the early aspects researchers and practitioners.
An ant colony optimization approach for the protein side chain packing problem
Authors: Jing-Liang Hsin, Chang-Biau Yang, Kuo-Si Huang, Chia-Ning Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th conference on Microelectronics, nanoelectronics, optoelectronics (2007)

The protein side chain packing problem (PSCPP) is an essential issue for predicting structure in proteomics. PSCPP has been proved to be NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a method for solving PSCPP by transforming it to the graph clique problem, and then applying the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve it. We build the coordinate rotamer library based on the pair of dihedral angles of backbones to reduce the required time. To evaluate the goodness of a solution of the ACO algorithm, we use a simple score function with four factors: disulfide bonds, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, charge-charge interactions and van der Waals interactions. The experimental results show that our score function is biologically sensible. We compare our computational results with the results of SCWRL 3.0 and the residue-rotamer-reduction (R3) algorithm. The accuracy of our method outperforms both of them.
A Study about the Relationship between Frame Quality and Single Video Quality
Authors: Yoshikazu Kawayoke, Yuukou Horita
Venue: IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences (2008)

Digital video encapsulates the time series of a frame (still) images, where overall video quality can be obtained by using the quality of each frame image and the temporal information between the frame image. Coding of video produces degradation of these two types of information. These degradations can be classified as spatial degradation (static degradation) of a frame images and temporal degradation between frame image (dynamic degradation). In the framework of video quality evaluation it is necessary to consider those degradations, because their contents are strongly interdependable and quantification is problematic for these degradations. Therefore, the development of an objective video quality assessment method for single video quality requires to investigate how much static degradation and dynamic degradation affect single video quality. In this research, single video quality was predicted highly accuratly by using frame quality as static degradation and frame rate information as dynamic degradation.
EyesWeb - Toward Gesture and Affect Recognition in Dance/Music Interactive Systems
Authors: Antonio Camurri, Matteo Ricchetti, Riccardo Trocca
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2 (1999)

The EyesWeb project concerns the development of a system for real-time analysis of full-body movement and gesture of one or more humans, with a particular focus to affect or emotion content. Such information is used to control and generate sound, music, visual media, and to control actuators (e.g., robots). A main goal is to explore extensions of music language toward gesture and visual languages. The paper describes the state of the art of the project, the design of the current EyesWeb system modules (hardware and software), their experimenting in public events, and discusses ongoing developments.
The Minimum Number of Sensors --- Interpolation of Spatial Temperature Profiles in Chilled Transports
Authors: Reiner Jedermann, Walter Lang
Venue: Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks are an important tool for the supervision of cool chains. Previous research with a high number of measurement points revealed spatial temperature deviations of more than 5 °C in chilled transport, but the number of sensors has to be reduced to an economically useful value for use in regular transport. This paper presents a method to estimate the minimum number of sensors and to compare different sensor positioning strategies. Different methods of interpolating the temperature data of intermediate positions were applied to the experimental data from a delivery truck. The average prediction error for intermediate points was estimated as a function of the number of sensors. The Kriging method, originally developed for the interpolation of geostatistical data, produced the best results.
Automated visual inspection system for wood defect classification using computational intelligence techniques
Authors: Gonzalo A. Ruz, Pablo A. Estevez, Pablo A. Ramirez
Venue: International Journal of Systems Science (2009)

This article presents improvements in the segmentation module, feature extraction module, and the classification module of a low-cost automated visual inspection (AVI) system for wood defect classification. One of the major drawbacks in the low-cost AVI system was the erroneous segmentation of clear wood regions as defects, which then introduces confusion in the classification module. To reduce this problem, we use the fuzzy min-max neural network for image segmentation (FMMIS). The FMMIS method grows boxes from a set of seed pixels, yielding ideally the minimum bounded rectangle for each defect present in the wood board image. Additional features with texture information are considered for the feature extraction module, and multi-class support vector machines are compared with multilayer perceptron neural networks in the classification module. Results using the FMMIS, additional features, and a pairwise classification support vector machine on a 550 test wood image set containing 11 defect categories show 91% of correct classification, which is significantly better than the original 75% of the low-cost AVI system. The use of computational intelligence techniques improved significantly the overall performance of the proposed automated visual inspection system for wood boards.
Mitigating Denial-of-Service Attacks on the Chord Overlay Network: A Location Hiding Approach
Authors: Mudhakar Srivatsa, Ling Liu
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (2009)

Serverless distributed computing has received significant attention from both the industry and the research community. Among the most popular applications are the wide area network file systems, exemplified by CFS, Farsite and OceanStore. These file systems store files on a large collection of untrusted nodes that form an overlay network. They use cryptographic techniques to maintain file confidentiality and integrity from malicious nodes. Unfortunately, cryptographic techniques cannot protect a file holder from a Denial-of-Service (DoS) or a host compromise attack. Hence, most of these distributed file systems are vulnerable to targeted file attacks, wherein an adversary attempts to attack a small (chosen) set of files by attacking the nodes that host them. This paper presents LocationGuard &#x2212; a location hiding technique for securing overlay file storage systems from targeted file attacks. LocationGuard has three essential components: (i) location key, (ii) routing guard, a secure algorithm that protects accesses to a file in the overlay network given its location key, and (iii) a set of location inference guards. Our experimental results quantify the overhead of employing LocationGuard and demonstrate its effectiveness against DoS attacks, host compromise attacks and various location inference attacks.
Optical and electrical characterizations of vertically integrated ZnO nanowires
Authors: E. Latu-Romain, P. Gilet, G. Feuillet, P. Noel, J. Garcia, F. Lévy, A. Chelnokov
Venue: Microelectronics Journal (2009)

We report on the integration and characterizations of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires (NWs). Technological processes have been developed both for mineral and organic planarizations with suitable morphologies. Optical and electrical characterizations of these integrated NWs have been performed. A comparison of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 300K of the as-grown and integrated NWs has shown no significant impact of the integration process on the crystal quality of the NWs. Photoconducting properties in the UV-visible range have been investigated through collective electrical contacts. A small increase of resistivity in ZnO NWs under sub-bandgap illumination has been observed and discussed. The electrical transport properties of vertically integrated single NWs have also been investigated by scanning spread resistance microscopy (SSRM). Surface depletion layers in ZnO NWs have been evidenced.