ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Effective short-term opponent exploitation in simplified poker
Authors: Finnegan Southey, Bret Hoehn, Robert C. Holte
Venue: Machine Learning (2009)

Uncertainty in poker stems from two key sources, the shuffled deck and an adversary whose strategy is unknown. One approach to playing poker is to find a pessimistic game-theoretic solution (i.e., a Nash equilibrium), but human players have idiosyncratic weaknesses that can be exploited if some model or counter-strategy can be learned by observing their play. However, games against humans last for at most a few hundred hands, so learning must be very fast to be useful. We explore two approaches to opponent modelling in the context of Kuhn poker, a small game for which game-theoretic solutions are known. Parameter estimation and expert algorithms are both studied. Experiments demonstrate that, even in this small game, convergence to maximally exploitive solutions in a small number of hands is impractical, but that good (e.g., better than Nash) performance can be achieved in as few as 50 hands. Finally, we show that amongst a set of strategies with equal game-theoretic value, in particular the set of Nash equilibrium strategies, some are preferable because they speed learning of the opponent's strategy by exploring it more effectively.
Embedding an information system within a generalized network environment
Authors: Darrell L. Ward
Venue: Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference (1981)

This paper introduces a generalized network information facility called HYPERTEXT, which is currently implemented on a TANDEM-16 loosely-coupled, high-availability multiprocessor minicomputer. The overall structure of HYPERTEXT is described as well as several important user functions available within HYPERTEXT. An actual example of embedding a complete information system (a clinical data management system) within the HYPERTEXT facility is developed, as well as the underlying motivations for such an incorporation. The inclusion of peripheral aspects of an information system, such as user and system documentation, is presented in the HYPERTEXT context, along with some components that HYPERTEXT supports very well and that are typically not considered part of a large information system.
Dynamic test generation over ontology-based knowledge representation in authoring shell
Authors: Branko itko, Slavomir Stankov, Marko Rosić, Ani Grubišić
Venue: Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal (2009)

Intelligent tutoring systems are kind of asynchronous e-learning systems designed to support and improve learning and teaching process in particular domain knowledge. An authoring shells are kind of e-learning systems that feature authoring environments for system users. Domain knowledge in such systems can be represented by using different knowledge representation specifications and presentation of tests mainly depends on the type of domain knowledge. We propose templates for dynamical generation of questions as a test over previously formalized domain knowledge. In our approach we encourage expressiveness of ontology for describing domain knowledge. Tests described in this paper entails declarative knowledge formalized by Web Ontology Language (OWL) and are realized as a dynamic quiz. By pronouncing OWL ontology as domain knowledge formalism we deal with the problem of generating tests and understanding presentation of the tests.
Signal measuring instrument lock-in amplifier
Authors: Tasho Tashev
Venue: Proceedings of the 7th conference on Circuits, systems, electronics, control and signal processing (2008)

The main objective of this paper is to present signal measuring error caused by noises and nonlinearities in phase sensitive detector based analog Lock-in amplifier and their improvement in digital signal processor. Design concept of digital lock-in amplifier is based on numerical manipulation of digitized reference and measuring signals. A high speed 18 bit accurate analog to digital converter and 16/24 bit accurate digital signal processor based lock-in amplifier made a historical break through in the performance of lock-in amplifier.
Distributed and Parallel Admission Control for Core-Stateless Networks
Authors: Huagang Shao, Xiao Chen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science - Volume 01 (2009)

In this paper we propose a scalable admission control scheme for the QoS sensitivity traffic in core-stateless networks. In our scheme, the ingress routers perform admissibility test in a fully distributed and parallel fashion for requests by dint of our bandwidth dividing based virtual link mechanism. Then, we introduce a novel two phase token passing mechanism to adaptively optimize the proportion of bandwidth dividing among contending edge routers according to the dynamic of their traffic. In addition, we adopt a measurement based admission decision-making criterion to gain the benefit of high utilization of statistical multiplexing. Our simulation results are very promising indicating that even under very high request load it is possible to perform admission control and resource allocation in parallel without suffering in terms of response time, packet loss rate, or utilization.
An interconnect-aware delay model for dynamic voltage scaling in NM technologies
Authors: Houman Zarrabi, Asim J. Al-Khalili, Yvon Savaria
Venue: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI (2009)

Employing microsystems with Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is an effective design solution to alleviate their energy consumption. The importance of such design technique keeps growing as both high-performance and low-energy consumption are simultaneously desirable. Existing Power Management Units (PMUs) that support DVS, mainly rely on the delay models valid for CMOS logic. In this work, we show that this may result into improper design and utilization of microsystems subject to DVS; as interconnect delay has become the dominant fraction of the total delay. In accordance with this design concern, we propose a modified delay model which encompasses the effect of interconnect parasitic components, and is suitable for accurate modeling, design and execution of DVS performed by PMUs in nanometer (nm) technologies. HSPICE simulations confirm that the proposed delay model is much more accurate when predicting the performance of a 4-section global H-Tree clock distribution network subject to voltage scaling. The error on predicted performance from true delays is reduced by up to a factor of 4.
Modality effects on cognitive load and performance in high-load information presentation
Authors: Yujia Cao, Mariët Theune, Anton Nijholt
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (2009)

In this study, we argue that modality planning in multimodal presentation systems needs to consider the modality characteristics at not only the presentational level but also the cognitive level, especially in a situation where the information load is high and the user task is time-critical. As a first step towards automatic cognitive-aware modality planning, we integrated the effect of different modalities on cognitive load and performance, using a high-load information presentation scenario. Mainly based on modality-related psychology theories, we selected five modality conditions (text, image, text+image, text+speech, and text+sound) and made hypotheses about their effects on cognitive load. Modality effects were evaluated by two cognitive load measurements and two performance measurements. Results confirmed most of the predicted modality effects, and showed that these effects become significant when the information load and the task demand are high. The findings of this study suggest that it is highly necessary to encode modality-related principles of human cognition into the modality planning procedure for systems that support high-load human-computer interaction.
A mischief of mice: examining children's performance in single display groupware systems with 1 to 32 mice
Authors: Neema Moraveji, Kori Inkpen, Ed Cutrell, Ravin Balakrishnan
Venue: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems (2009)

Mischief is a system for classroom interaction that allows multiple children to use individual mice and cursors to interact with a single large display [20]. While the system can support large groups of children, it is unclear how children's performance is affected as group size increases. We explore this question via a study involving two tasks, with children working in group sizes ranging from 1 to 32. The first required reciprocal selection of two on-screen targets, resembling a swarm pointing scenario that might be used in educational applications. The second, a more temporally and spatially distributed pointing task, had children entering different words by selecting characters on an on-screen keyboard. Results indicate that performance is significantly affected by group size only when targets are small. Further, group size had a smaller effect when pointing was spatially and temporally distributed than when everyone was concurrently aiming at the same targets.
Managing trust in services oriented architectures
Authors: Denis Trček
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Applied informatics and communications (2008)

Web services are currently the main methodology for implementation of services oriented architectures (SOAs). SOAs enable organizations to expose their existing (and often specialized) applications to other organizations for deploying them in various scenarios. However, using such services brings to the front line the problem of trust, especially in business environments. This paper therefore focuses on existing trust methodologies for trust management in computerized environments and analyses their strong and weak points. On the basis of our research we introduce a new formal methodology, called qualitative algebra, for which we demonstrate how it can be used in SOAs. Further, we address also those issues that will have to be resolved by future research in line with expected trends in this area.
Video Collaboratories for Research and Education: An Analysis of Collaboration Design Patterns
Authors: Roy Pea, Robb Lindgren
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies (2008)

Web-based video collaboration environments have transformative potential for video-enhanced education and for video-based research studies. We first describe DIVER, a platform designed to solve a set of core challenges we have identified in supporting video collaboratories. We then characterize five Collaboration Design Patterns (CDPs) that emerged from numerous collaborative groups who appropriated DIVER for their video-based practices. Collaboration Design Patterns (CDPs) are ways of characterizing interaction patterns in the uses of collaboration technology. Finally we propose a three-dimensional design matrix for incorporating these observed patterns. This representation can serve heuristically in making design suggestions for supporting a broader constellation of user groups than those spanned by our observed CDPs.
Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities
Authors: Ho-Kyung Kim, Keith E. Davis
Venue: Computers in Human Behavior (2009)

Problematic Internet use (PIU) has long been a matter of public concern. Study 1 examined the correlates of a well-validated measure of Internet addiction [Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the net. New York: John Wiley and Sons] with 315 students (39% male). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that low self-esteem, unrealistic optimism, and the importance of 7-positive activities (I7PA) all contributed to the prediction of PIU. The inclusion of controls for aspects of Internet uses and demographic characters showed a clear distinction between PIU and frequent Internet use. Subjects who anticipated that negative outcomes were more likely to happen to them than to peers were none-the-less more likely to engage in PIU. The more important positive activities were, the greater the PIU. SEM model suggested that unrealistic optimism was best treated as part of PIU and that low self-esteem and the I7PA were the powerful predictors of PIU. Study 2 tested SEM models of psychosocial characteristics with 279 students (48% male). Anxiety and flow were added as predictors and the felt safety for social contacts was added to Global PIU following Caplan [Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553-575]. The more complex model provided excellent fit and showed that low self-esteem, anxiety, and the I7PA were positively related to PIU. The relationship both of flow and sensation-seeking was mediated by the 17PA. Research on the topic has been relatively atheoretical. We propose a theoretical template to guide future research on PIU.
Some Considerations about the Kohau Rongorongo Script in the Light of a Statistical Analysis of the 'Santiago Staff'
Authors: Tomi S. Melka
Venue: Cryptologia (2009)

This paper deals with the distributional analysis of a recurring pattern on the Easter Island artifact known as the 'Santiago Staff' ('SS' from now on). It has been claimed that the pattern known as “XıYZ,” arguably to be found in a repetitive fashion in a “recital of pairings,” conveys a model of procreation in line with the Old Rapanui sacral chants, thus giving a clue to a possible decipherment of the SS's document. According to Steven R. Fischer, the scholar who retrieved the pattern in question, the formula “XıYZ” consists of, “X”: the “copulator” God, “ı”: the superlinear corresponding to the old Rapanui phrase “copulated with,” “Y”: the “copulatee” Goddess and finally, “Z”: the issue of their “copulation.” Under this assumption, and bearing in mind that Fischer did not offer any sort of count with regard to his claim, the structure “XıYZ” has been tested and replicated to “Atua-Mata-Riri,” viewed by some researchers to be a bilingual for the understanding of the alleged schematized pattern. The evidence encountered so far supports the view that the hypothesis cannot be true for all the KRR text of the 'SS,' specifically for sequences other than the “XıYZ” type, leaving many doubts in the minds of epigraphers and suggesting flaws in the method of decipherment. To the most evident degree, the message encrypted in the 'SS,' i.e., text I, is still resisting decoding by the scholars.
Intelligent Systems in a Connected World
Authors: Fei-Yue Wang
Venue: IEEE Intelligent Systems (2009)

Incoming IEEE Intelligent Systems Editor in Chief Fei-Yue Wang thanks Editor in Chief Emeritus Jim Hendler for his service to the magazine and welcomes Hsinchun Chen director of the Artificial Intelligence Lab at the University of Arizona to the editorial staff. As the new editor in chief, Wang outlines his vision to make IS the Science of AI, following in the footsteps of Hendler's vision to make the magazine the Nature of AI. He also discusses the need to recruit young, up and coming researching to the magazine's editorial staff and plans to add interesting new departments such as one on Cyber-Physical Systems. Wang also wants to follow through on promoting the magazine in China, Japan, and Korea.
On the Construction of Śivasūtras-Alphabets
Authors: Wiebke Petersen
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Sanskrit Computational Linguistics (2008)

In the present paper, a formalization of the technique used by Pānini in his Śivasūtras for the denotation of sound classes is given. Furthermore, a general notion of Śivasūtras-alphabets and of Śivasūtras-sortability is developed. The presented main theorem poses three sufficient conditions for the Śivasūtras-sortability of sets of classes. Finally, the problem of ordering sets of classes which are not Śivasūtras-sortable is tackled and an outlook on modern problems which could be approached by Pānini technique is given.
Multi-level classification of emphysema in HRCT lung images
Authors: Mithun Prasad, Arcot Sowmya, Peter Wilson
Venue: Pattern Analysis Applications (2009)

Emphysema is a common chronic respiratory disorder characterised by the destruction of lung tissue. It is a progressive disease where the early stages are characterised by a diffuse appearance of small air spaces, and later stages exhibit large air spaces called bullae. A bullous region is a sharply demarcated region of emphysema. In this paper, it is shown that an automated texture-based system based on co-training is capable of achieving multiple levels of emphysema extraction in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images. Co-training is a semi-supervised technique used to improve classifiers that are trained with very few labelled examples using a large pool of unseen examples over two disjoint feature sets called views. It is also shown that examples labelled by experts can be incorporated within the system in an incremental manner. The results are also compared against &#x201c;density mask&#x201d;, currently a standard approach used for emphysema detection in medical image analysis and other computerized techniques used for classification of emphysema in the literature. The new system can classify diffuse regions of emphysema starting from a bullous setting. The classifiers built at different iterations also appear to show an interesting correlation with different levels of emphysema, which deserves more exploration.
Mono vision based construction of elevation maps in indoor environments
Authors: Tilman Wekel, Olaf Kroll-Peters, Cornelius Wefelscheid, Sahin Albayrak
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Signal processing, computational geometry and artificial vision (2008)

In this paper an approach to estimate the topography of indoor environments is presented. The system is based on a single camera system only. The topography of areas is often a matter of particular interest and has a wide range of navigational application. The ground surface is assumed to be completely planar; this is usually satisfied in indoor environments like apartments or even industrial facilities. While the camera system is moving images are acquired cyclically. Pixel correspondences and homographic relations are used to estimate the height above ground level for each visible point. Finally a high resolution elevation map is computed through inverse perspective mapping.
Abstracting and Verifying Strategy-Proofness for Auction Mechanisms
Authors: Emmanuel M. Tadjouddine, Frank Guerin, Wamberto Vasconcelos
Venue: Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies VI: 6th International Workshop, DALT 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 12, 2008, Revised Selected and Invited Papers (2008)

We are interested in finding algorithms which will allow an agent roaming between different electronic auction institutions to automatically verify the game-theoretic properties of a previously unseen auction protocol. A property may be that the protocol is robust to collusion or deception or that a given strategy is optimal. Model checking provides an automatic way of carrying out such proofs. However it may suffer from state space explosion for large models. To improve the performance of model checking, abstractions were used along with the Spinmodel checker. We considered two case studies: the Vickrey auction and a tractable combinatorial auction. Numerical results showed the limits of relying solely on Spin. To reduce the state space required by Spin, two property-preserving abstraction methods were applied: the first is the classical program slicing technique, which removes irrelevant variables with respect to the property; the second replaces large data, possibly infinite values of variables with smaller abstract values. This enabled us to model check the strategy-proofness property of the Vickrey auction for unbounded bid range and number of agents.
The behaviour of the multi-layer perceptron and the support vector regression learning methods in the prediction of NO and NO2 concentrations in Szeged, Hungary
Authors: Istv&#x00e1;n Juhos, L&#x00e1;szl&#x00f3; Makra, Bal&#x00e1;zs T&#x00f3;th
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications (2009)

The main aim of this paper is to predict NO and NO2 concentrations 4&#x00a0;days in advance by comparing two artificial intelligence learning methods, namely, multi-layer perceptron and support vector machines, on two kinds of spatial embedding of the temporal time series. Hourly values of NO and NO2 concentrations, as well as meteorological variables were recorded in a cross-road monitoring station with heavy traffic in Szeged, in order to build a model for predicting NO and NO2 concentrations several hours in advance. The prediction of NO and NO2 concentrations was performed partly on the basis of their past values, and partly on the basis of temperature, humidity and wind speed data. Since NO can be predicted more accurately, its values were considered primarily when forecasting NO2. Time series prediction can be interpreted in a way that is suitable for artificial intelligence learning. Two effective learning methods, namely, multi-layer perceptron and support vector regression are used to provide efficient non-linear models for NO and NO2 time series predictions. Multi-layer perceptron is widely used to predict these time series, but support vector regression has not yet been applied for predicting NO and NO2 concentrations. Three commonly used linear algorithms were considered as references: 1-day persistence, average of several day persistence and linear regression. Based on the good results of the average of several day persistence, a prediction scheme was introduced, which forms weighted averages instead of simple ones. The optimization of these weights was performed with linear regression in linear case and with the learning methods mentioned in non-linear case. Concerning the NO predictions, the non-linear learning methods give significantly better predictions than the reference linear methods. In the case of NO2, the improvement of the prediction is considerable, however, it is less notable than for NO.
An Environment-Aware Dynamic Access Control Model
Authors: Lijun Dong, Min Du
Venue: Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 03 (2009)

Now it is imperative to establish a flexible and secure access control model adapting to dynamic environments. Traditionally access control models focus on access decisions by the required credentials of users, but ignore the outside environment factors. In this paper, we consider that when locating different environments with dissimilar security status, user should have different permissions. Consequently, we present a novel Environment-Aware Access Control (EAAC) model based on Role Based Access Control (RBAC). EAAC extends traditional RBAC to include the notion of both environments and behaviors by introducing a new conception that embodies the dynamic environmental factors.