ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Matroid T-Connectivity
Authors: Jim Geelen, Bert Gerards, Geoff Whittle
Venue: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (2006)

We introduce a new generalization of the maximum matching problem to matroids; this problem includes Gallai&apos;s T-path problem for graphs.
Time-varying polynomial systems approach to multichannel optimal linear filtering
Authors: M. J. Grimble
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. on International Conference - Volume 02 (1995)

A new approach to linear estimation in time-varying discrete muitivariable systems is described. The signal model is taken to be a time-varying vector difference equation which can be expressed in ARMA polynomial system form. An optimal linear filter and predictor is derived in terms of time-dependent polynomial operators and this can also be implemented as a recursive algorithm using difference equations. The system model and filter are particularly relevant in self-tuning filtering applications.
Measurement error bias in pharmaceutical cost-effectiveness analysis: Research Articles
Authors: Ian C. Marschner
Venue: Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry (2006)

Drug development in the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly influenced by measures of cost-effectiveness, such as cost per life-year gained, and some governments make decisions about whether to pay for drugs based on cost-effectiveness considerations. While cost per life-year gained is a key measure of cost-effectiveness, costs associated with the intermediate outcome of improving a biomarker, such as cholesterol level or blood pressure, provide important supplementary information, particularly where mortality data may be limited. In this case, cost-effectiveness can be interpreted as the additional cost per unit time of achieving an additional beneficial biomarker response to treatment. A problem in this context is that biomarker assessment is typically subject to measurement error which leads to bias in assessing the benefit of a drug, and hence in the assessment of its cost-effectiveness. We discuss the adjustment of cost-effectiveness analyses for measurement error and consider the potential magnitude of bias that can arise. Using example calculations in the context of cholesterol-lowering therapy, it is demonstrated that such biases can be significant, leading to costs being overestimated by in excess of 25&percnt;. Ignoring measurement error in cost-effectiveness analyses can, therefore, have a substantial effect on the interpretation of such analyses. Copyright &copy; 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leading Knowledge Producers Within the Biomedical Informatics Community
Authors: M. S. Househ
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2006)

Objectives: To present findings on academic leadership within the biomedical informatics community based upon the number of research articles produced by authors, institutions, and countries within five biomedical informatics journals. Methods: Five biomedical informatics journals were analyzed for the most producing author, institution, and country for two time periods: 1995---1999 and 2000---2004. Results: Results show that an overall trend exists whereby the academic leadership for author, institution, and country is the U.S. The results exist for both time periods of 1995---1999 and 2000---2004. Conclusions: Even though individual institutional and author rankings may have fluctuated within the two time periods (1995---1999 and 2000---2004), U.S. dominance at the institutional and author level remains significant within the five biomedical journals selected for this study.
Flexible Plan Representation for Agile Organization
Authors: Zhong Liu, Meng Qian, Wei-ming Zhang, Jin-cai Huang
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (2006)

This paper proposes a flexible plan representation framework for agile organization. Based on the characteristics analysis of the plan in agile organization, we propose a four-layer framework, which supports a plan to bind action, actor and resource dynamically, as well as to improve the adaptability to the change of mission and environment by case-based and rule-based dynamically intelligent planning mechanism. In order to exchange information correctly and rapidly, information routing is introduced into this framework. An application model of this representation framework is investigated and a use case in e-manufacturing is given as a practical example. Thus, this framework can provide more flexibility for integration of heterogeneous planning systems and of planning systems and manufacturing execution system.
Business Process Automation and XML Standards: Is there a Semantic Gap?
Authors: Adam Trachtenberg, Chester Karwatowski, Ajay Patel, Rob Barrett, Wendell Baker, Savitha Srinivasan
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce, and E-Services (2006)

This panel brings together experts from industry to represent varied perspectives on prevalent eCommerce XML standards that span both, business-to-business as well as business-to-consumer transactions. In particular, it examines the evolution of standards across these transactions over the past decade, the extent to which they have been adopted in the industry, the reasons for the adoption as well as the extent to which they have resulted in automating eCommerce transactions. The panelists also highlight pitfalls in current implementations and offer insights for what makes successful business process solutions in B2B and B2C eCommerce.
Authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) in hybrid ad hoc hotspot's environments
Authors: Hassnaa Moustafa, Gilles Bourdon, Yvon Gourhant
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Wireless mobile applications and services on WLAN hotspots (2006)

Wireless LAN (WLAN) is rapidly growing as a popular technology for ubiquitous communication, where Internet access is being a standard commodity. The growing demand in WLAN technological development is to provide high quality and secure Internet access to mobile users using their portable devices. Nevertheless, WLAN is still restrictive, as it requires the presence of mobile users in the communication range of access points. Moreover, the security of this network is posing a major challenge for its usage. Hybrid ad hoc networks appear as an attractive solution in public hotspots applications, allowing mobile users to achieve WLAN access independent of their existence in access points communication ranges. Since effective Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) are of great importance for secure mobile wireless access, in this paper we propose a novel architecture that provides efficient AAA and secure communication among mobile clients in WLAN hotspots applications. Our solution uses the hybrid ad hoc network concept and considers the service provider as the single point of contact for all AAA transactions. We adapt the IEEE 802.11i standard to the hybrid ad hoc network environment in order to set up authenticated links on layer 2, achieving secure wireless access as well as confidential data transfer. Since IEEE 802.11i necessitates the existence of a fixed infrastructure between the WLAN and the authentication server, we introduce a cross-layer interaction with the ad hoc routing layer in order to provide a virtual infrastructure among the mobile clients through employing a clustering mechanism. We validate our proposed solution through simulation. Through analyzing the obtained results, we give some performance estimates and we show the advantages of using the hybrid ad hoc networks approach.
A unified language model for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition of Turkish
Authors: Ebru Arisoy, Helin Dutaǧaci, Levent M. Arslan
Venue: Signal Processing (2006)

We have designed a Turkish dictation system for newspaper content transcription application. Turkish is an agglutinative language with free word order. These characteristics of the language result in vocabulary explosion, large number of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and an increased complexity of n-gram language models in speech recognition when words are used as recognition units. In this paper, alternative language modeling units like "stems and endings", "stems and morphemes", and "syllables" are investigated instead of "words". These recognition units are compared in terms of vocabulary size, coverage, bigram perplexity and speech recognition performance. A combined model is proposed which aims to produce a balance between the OOV rate and the amount of phoneme sequence constraints on recognition units. The proposed model resulted in letter error rates (LER's) of approximately 28% for a speaker independent system and 20% for a speaker dependent system. These error rates are smaller compared to the traditional word-based model for newspaper content transcription application.
Orthogonal nonnegative matrix t-factorizations for clustering
Authors: Chris Ding, Tao Li, Wei Peng, Haesun Park
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

Currently, most research on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF)focus on 2-factor $X=FG^T$ factorization. We provide a systematicanalysis of 3-factor $X=FSG^T$ NMF. While it unconstrained 3-factor NMF is equivalent to it unconstrained 2-factor NMF, itconstrained 3-factor NMF brings new features to it constrained 2-factor NMF. We study the orthogonality constraint because it leadsto rigorous clustering interpretation. We provide new rules for updating $F,S, G$ and prove the convergenceof these algorithms. Experiments on 5 datasets and a real world casestudy are performed to show the capability of bi-orthogonal 3-factorNMF on simultaneously clustering rows and columns of the input datamatrix. We provide a new approach of evaluating the quality ofclustering on words using class aggregate distribution andmulti-peak distribution. We also provide an overview of various NMF extensions andexamine their relationships.
Neural Bases of Cognitive ERPs: More than Phase Reset
Authors: Juergen Fell, Thomas Dietl, Thomas Grunwald, Martin Kurthen, Peter Klaver, Peter Trautner, Carlo Schaller, Christian E. Elger
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2004)

Up to now, two conflicting theories have tried to explain the genesis of averaged event-related potentials (ERPs): Whereas one hypothesis claims that ERPs originate from an event-related activation of neural assemblies distinct from background dynamics, the other hypothesis states that ERPs are produced by phase resetting of ongoing oscillatory activity. So far, this question has only been addressed for early ERP components. Late ERP components, however, are generally thought to represent superimposed activities of several anatomically distinct brain areas. Thus, the question of which mechanism underlies the genesis of late ERP components cannot be easily answered based on scalp recordings. In contrast, two well-investigated late ERP components recorded invasively from within the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) in epilepsy patients, the so-called MTL-P300 and the anterior MTL-N400 (AMTL-N400), are based on single source activity. Hence, we investigated whether the MTL-P300 and the AMTL-N400 are based on an event-related activity increase, a phase reset of ongoing oscillatory activity or both. ERPs were recorded from the hippocampus and rhinal cortex in subjects performing a visual oddball paradigm and a visual word recognition paradigm. With wavelet techniques, stimulus-related phase-locking and power changes were analyzed in a frequency range covering 2 to 48 Hz. We found that the MTL-P300 is accompanied by both phase reset and power increase and that both effects overlap partly in time. In contrast, the AMTL-N400 is initially associated with phase locking without power increase and only later during the course of the AMTL-N400 we observed an additional power increase. In conclusion, both aspects, event-related activation of neural assemblies and phase resetting of ongoing activity seem to be involved in the generation of late ERP components as recorded in cognitive tasks. Therefore, separate analysis of event-related power and phase-locking changes might reveal specific insights into the mechanisms underlying different cognitive functions.
NS-2 TCP-Linux: an NS-2 TCP implementation with congestion control algorithms from Linux
Authors: David X. Wei, Pei Cao
Venue: Proceeding from the 2006 workshop on ns-2: the IP network simulator (2006)

This paper introduces NS-2 TCP-Linux, a new NS-2 TCP implementation that embeds the source code of TCP congestion control modules from Linux kernels. Compared to existing NS-2 TCP implementations, NS-2 TCP-Linux has three improvements: 1) a standard interface for congestion control algorithms similar to that in Linux 2.6, ensuring better extensibility for emerging congestion control algorithms; 2) a redesigned loss detection module (i.e. Scoreboard) that is more accurate; and 3) a new event queue scheduler that increases the simulation speed. As a result, NS-2 TCP-Linux is more extensible, runs faster and produces simulation results that are much closer to the actual TCP behavior of Linux. In addition to helping the network research community, NS-2 TCP-Linux will also help the Linux kernel community to debug and test their new congestion control algorithms.In this paper, we explain the design of NS-2 TCP-Linux. We also present a preliminary evaluation of three aspects of NS-2 TCP-Linux: extensibility to new congestion control algorithms, accuracy of the simulation results and simulation performance in terms of simulation speed and memory usage.Based on these results, we strongly believe that NS-2 TCP-Linux is a promising alternative or even a replacement for existing TCP implementations in NS-2. We call for participation to test and improve this new TCP implementation.
A Subsampling and PSK Based Watermarking Scheme Resisted the Permutation Attacking
Authors: Chuang Lin, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Chin-Shiuh Shieh, Ping-Sung Liao
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia (2006)

The paper describes a subsampling and PSK (Phase Shift Keying) based watermarking scheme which can resist the permutation attacking. In recent years, a series of subsampling based watermarking schemes have been proposed, but in 2005, Lu etc. proposed a permutation attacking algorithm which can effectively destroy this kind of subsampling based watermarking schemes. In this paper, we proposed a subsampling and PSK based watermarking scheme which can resist the permutation attacking. In our method, the watermark information is embedded into the average values of the phase of the DFT coefficients which are in the different subimages. Experimental results show that our scheme can resist the permutation attacking effectively, and it can also resist some common signal processing attacking successfully.
Streaming MPEG-4 audio visual objects using TCP-friendly rate control and unequal error protection
Authors: T. Ahmed, A. Mehaoua, V. Lecuire
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1 (2003)

This article describes a fair and robust video streaming framework over IP networks. It is based on an MPEG-4 audio-visual object (AVOs) classification, TCP-friendly transport and out-of-band unequal forward error protection. According to network congestion feedback, video source servers dynamically adjust their bit rates by adding and dropping MPEG-4 AVO to conform to the TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) algorithm and by taking into consideration media semantic relevancy. Thus, an accurate MPEG-4 access unit (AU) partitioning and packetization can be performed to cope with decoding error propagation and network bandwidth fluctuation. Finally, AVOs requiring similar network QoS level are automatically classified, packetized and mapped to one of the available EP DiffServ PHB (per hop behaviors). Simulation results show a significant improvement regarding to user-perceived video quality, packet loss recovery and bandwidth share fairness.
Stochastic Linear Optimization for Modeling Uncertainty in Aggregate Production Planning
Authors: Zhao Yong-quan, Lu Li-bin, Fang Shu-fen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2006)

A stochastic linear optimization approach for studying demand uncertainty in the aggregate production planning problem is proposed. To realize the integrative decision of production planning and inventory policy, inventory variation in stochastic demand is analyzed, and the average inventory in planning periods is invited into the APP model. The planning output in every period is stochastic variables having the same distributions with the production demands. The approach is demonstrated in case of a Chinese automobile company Sensitivity analysis shows the significant influence of production cycle and standard deviation on optimal reproduction point and the expected profit.
Methodology for hospital evacuation planning
Authors: Desiree Steinmann, Matthew Johnson, Kevin M. Taaffe, Lindsay Becker
Venue: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation (2005)

Frequently, a hospital assumes the role of triage center or sheltering facility when the surrounding community faces a natural disaster or man-made threat. We consider the implications on the hospital patients, staff, and general population when the hospital itself requires evacuation. Using data from recent hospital evacuations due to hurricanes in Florida and South Carolina, we use analytical tools including simulation analysis, agentbased modeling, and decision analysis to evaluate and formulate sample hurricane evacuation plans. The interaction of several organizations, ongoing health care activities, uncertainties in plan implementation, and severity of the disaster will all contribute to this problem's complexity. We devise a methodology for evacuation planning that allows the facility risk and safety managers a more accurate assessment of their individual plans. This research also generates insights into evacuation procedures for other threats, for which there may be far less time to prepare a planned response.
Smartive: Agreement-based Mobile Composite Agents for Multimedia Services
Authors: Fuyuki Ishikawa, Nobukazu Yoshioka, Shinichi Honiden
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (2006)

This work considers encapsulation of multimedia contents as services, and their autonomous provision and distribution by agents. This approach enables content providers to have their contents provided and distributed together with their own business logics regarding interaction with other services and contents, control logic for various options upon provision, and value-added services. This paper proposes a framework for development of agents that provide and distribute such content services. In the framework, the interaction logic of agents is first developed in the same way as in development of ordinary Web services. Control descriptions are then given for each aspect, such as selection of partner agents, negotiation on service options, and migration. The separated descriptions for each aspect facilitate incremental development and test, as well as later modification, of agents with complex behaviors.
Multiagent-Based Model Integration
Authors: Ana Carolina M. Pilatti de Paula, Braulio C. Avila, Edson Scalabrin, Fabricio Enembreck
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2006)

This paper presents a Distributed Data Mining technique based on a multiagent environment, called SMAMDD (MultiAgent System for Distributed Data Mining), which uses model integration. Model Integration consists in the amalgamation of local models into a global, consistent one. In each subset, agents perform mining tasks locally and, afterwards, results are merged into a global model. In order to achieve that, agents cooperate by exchanging messages, aiming to improve the process of knowledge discover generating accurate results. The multiagent system for Distributed Data Mining proposed in this paper has been compared with classical machine learning algorithms which are based on model integration as well, simulating a distributed environment. The results obtained show that SMAMDD can produce highly accurate data models.
Adaptive event detection with time-varying poisson processes
Authors: Alexander Ihler, Jon Hutchins, Padhraic Smyth
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (2006)

Time-series of count data are generated in many different contexts, such as web access logging, freeway traffic monitoring, and security logs associated with buildings. Since this data measures the aggregated behavior of individual human beings, it typically exhibits a periodicity in time on a number of scales (daily, weekly,etc.) that reflects the rhythms of the underlying human activity and makes the data appear non-homogeneous. At the same time, the data is often corrupted by a number of bursty periods of unusual behavior such as building events, traffic accidents, and so forth. The data mining problem of finding and extracting these anomalous events is made difficult by both of these elements. In this paper we describe a framework for unsupervised learning in this context, based on a time-varying Poisson process model that can also account for anomalous events. We show how the parameters of this model can be learned from count time series using statistical estimation techniques. We demonstrate the utility of this model on two datasets for which we have partial ground truth in the form of known events, one from freeway traffic data and another from building access data, and show that the model performs significantly better than a non-probabilistic, threshold-based technique. We also describe how the model can be used to investigate different degrees of periodicity in the data, including systematic day-of-week and time-of-day effects, and make inferences about the detected events (e.g., popularity or level of attendance). Our experimental results indicate that the proposed time-varying Poisson model provides a robust and accurate framework for adaptively and autonomously learning how to separate unusual bursty events from traces of normal human activity.
FTV (Free Viewpoint Television) for 3D Scene Reproduction and Creation
Authors: Masayuki Tanimoto
Venue: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (2006)

We have been developing ray-based 3D information systems that consist of ray acquisition, ray processing and ray display. FTV (Free viewpoint TV) based on the ray-space method is a typical example. FTV captures all visual information of 3D scenes at video frame rates. Captured information is processed in the ray-space for 3D scene reproduction and creation. We proposed the concept of FTV and verified its feasibility by the world's first real-time system. The FTV Committee was organized to promote FTV standardization and application in JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) under the support of METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). About 20 organizations including industries, carriers, broadcasters, content providers and so on participate this activity. As an ultimate 3D TV, FTV needs higher performance for all related devices, equipments and systems, and accelerates the development of electronic industry. As the next-generation TV, it opens new applications in the fields of communication, entertainment, advertising, education, medicine, art, archives and so on. As information infrastructure for secure society, it increases security of public facilities, roads, vehicles, schools, factories and so on.