ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
The influence of communication mode and incentive structure on GDSS process and outcomes
Authors: Reza Barkhi, Varghese S. Jacob, Hasan Pirkul
Venue: Decision Support Systems (2004)

Given the orientation towards groups and the increase in the use of Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) for distributed groups, we study communication mode and incentive structure to learn how these two factors influence group decision making. This paper compares the decision process and outcomes of groups that use a face-to-face GDSS (FGDSS) to those that use a distributed GDSS (DGDSS) operating under two different incentive structures. Results indicate that communication mode and incentive structure can influence the effects of each other. Hence, the appropriate design of incentive structures may be important to the success of virtual organizations.
Distributed, Physics-Based Control of Swarms of Vehicles
Authors: William M. Spears, Diana F. Spears, Jerry C. Hamann, Rodney Heil
Venue: Autonomous Robots (2004)

We introduce a framework, called &ldquo;physicomimetics,&rdquo; that provides distributed control of large collections of mobile physical agents in sensor networks. The agents sense and react to virtual forces, which are motivated by natural physics laws. Thus, physicomimetics is founded upon solid scientific principles. Furthermore, this framework provides an effective basis for self-organization, fault-tolerance, and self-repair. Three primary factors distinguish our framework from others that are related: an emphasis on minimality (e.g., cost effectiveness of large numbers of agents implies a need for expendable platforms with few sensors), ease of implementation, and run-time efficiency. Examples are shown of how this framework has been applied to construct various regular geometric lattice configurations (distributed sensing grids), as well as dynamic behavior for perimeter defense and surveillance. Analyses are provided that facilitate system understanding and predictability, including both qualitative and quantitative analyses of potential energy and a system phase transition. Physicomimetics has been implemented both in simulation and on a team of seven mobile robots. Specifics of the robotic embodiment are presented in the paper.
On the Minimization of Average Path Lengths for Heterogeneous MDDs
Venue: Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (2004)

In this paper, we propose an exact and a heuristic minimizationalgorithms for the average path length (APL) ofheterogeneous multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). Ina heterogeneous MDD, each variable can take on the differentnumber of values. To represent a binary logic functionusing a heterogeneous MDD, we partition the binaryvariables into groups, and treat them as multi-valued variables.By considering partitions of binary variables, we canobtain heterogeneous MDDs that represent logic functionsmore compactly and have smaller APLs than reduced orderedbinary decision diagrams (ROBDDs). Experimentalresults using 21 benchmark functions show that the APLsof the heterogeneous MDDs can be reduced by a half thatof corresponding ROBDDs, on average, without increasingmemory size.
Two Tree-Width-Like Graph Invariants
Authors: Hein Van der Holst
Venue: Combinatorica (2003)

In this paper we introduce two tree-width-like graph invariants. The first graph invariant, which we denote by &#x03bd;=(G), is defined in terms of positive semi-definite matrices and is similar to the graph invariant &#x03bd;(G), introduced by Colin de Verdi&#x00e8;re in [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B., 74:121&#x2013;146, 1998]. The second graph invariant, which we denote by &#x03b8;(G), is defined in terms of a certain connected subgraph property and is similar to &#x03bb;(G), introduced by van der Holst, Laurent, and Schrijver in [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B., 65:291&#x2013;304, 1995]. We give some theorems on the behaviour of these invariants under certain transformations. We show that &#x03bd;=(G)=&#x03b8;(G) for any graph G with &#x03bd;=(G)&#x2264;4, and we give minimal forbidden minor characterizations for the graphs satisfying &#x03bd;=(G)&#x2264;k for k=1,2,3,4.
The use of Doppler in sonar-based mobile robot navigation: inspirations from biology
Authors: Jose M. Carmena, John C. T. Hallam
Venue: Information Sciences&mdash;Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal (2004)

So-called CF-FM bats are highly mobile creatures who emit long calls in which much of the energy is concentrated in a single frequency. These bats face sensor interpretation problems very similar to those of mobile robots provided with ultrasonic sensors, while navigating in cluttered environments. This paper presents biologically-inspired engineering on the use of narrowband Sonar in mobile robotics. It replicates, using robotics as a modelling medium, methods CF-FM bats use to exploit Dopplershifts--a rich source of information not used by commercial robotic ultrasonic range sensors--in different tasks. The experimental platform for the work is RoBat, a 6 DOF biomimetic sonarhead mounted on a commercial 3 DOF mobile platform. The platform is provided with signal processing capabilities inspired by the bat's auditory system. The CF-FM bat modifies--increasing or decreasing--the carrier frequency of its own calls, compensating the Doppler-shift produced when the bat, the reflector or both are moving. This echolocating behaviour, called Doppler-shift compensation, is successfully implemented in RoBat. Inspired by this behaviour, a convoy navigation controller following a set of simple Doppler-dependent rules is successfully devised. The performance of the controller is satisfactory despite low Doppler-shift resolution caused by the lower velocity of the robot when compared to real bats. Finally, Müller's hypothesis on the use of acoustic flow by CF-FM bats for obstacle avoidance is also implemented in RoBat, resulting in a crude estimation of the target's passing distance at small bearing angles, which improves as the angle increases, nevertheless sufficing for avoiding the two reflectors of the experiment.
Patient Management Logistics
Authors: Frank Pierce
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

Protocols can be a complex set of processes that contain a series of interventions sequencedover time that may have prerequisite or dependent relationships and branching decision pointsleading to a next step (i.e. sub process) in the protocol. Attempts to view the protocol as asimpler process may result in the interrelationships between components being disrupted.Component processes include recruitment, enrollment, completion of required forms, visitcoordination, correspondence, scheduling of planned interventions, and data collection.Understanding the protocol and all of its associated processes is essential to meeting the goals of the research study. This knowledge provides the ability to anticipate and plan for resources needed. It is necessary to go beyond the use of a database to meet the needs of the research study.This can be achieved by combining the right methodology to structure data and streamlineprocesses with the informatics technology to integrate the pieces. This approach seamlesslylinks the entire array of processes into a logical flow allowing the team to become extremelyefficient. Improved communication of patient status, coordination of care, coordination ofresources, real-time monitoring, and compliance to both the research and care processes arenatural by-products.The focus of this paper is on one aspect, the logistics of all of the processes and sub-processes involved in the management of the subject during the research study.
Goal-driven requirements analysis for hypermedia-intensive Web applications
Authors: Davide Bolchini, Paolo Paolini
Venue: Requirements Engineering (2004)

Requirements analysis for Web applications still needs to employ effective RE practices to accommodate some distinctive aspects: capturing high-level communication goals, considering several user profiles, defining hypermedia-specific requirements, bridging the gap between requirements and Web design, and reusing requirements for an effective usability evaluation. Techniques should be usable, informal, require little training effort, and show relative advantage to project managers. On the basis of the i * framework, this paper presents a proposal for defining hypermedia requirements (concerning aspects such as content, interaction, navigation, and presentation) for Web applications. The model adopts a goal-driven approach coupled with scenario-based techniques, introduces a hypermedia requirement taxonomy to facilitate Web conceptual design, and paves the way for systematic usability evaluation. Particular attention is paid to the empirical validation of the model based on the perceived quality attributes theory. A case study developed with industrial partners is discussed.
Model-based testing for real: The inhouse card case study
Authors: A. Pretschner, O. Slotosch, E. Aiglstorfer, S. Kriebel
Venue: International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) (2004)

Model-based testing relies on abstract behavior models for test case generation. These models are abstractions, i.e., simplifications. For deterministic reactive systems, test cases are sequences of input and expected output. To bridge the different levels of abstraction, input must be concretized before being applied to the system under test. The system&#x2019;s output must then be abstracted before being compared to the output of the model.The concepts are discussed along the lines of a feasibility study, an inhouse smart card case study. We describe the modeling concepts of the CASE tool AutoFocus and an approach to model-based test case generation that is based on symbolic execution with Constraint Logic Programming.Different search strategies and algorithms for test case generation are discussed. Besides validating the model itself, generated test cases were used to verify the actual hardware with respect to these traces.
A framework to support customer-company interaction in mass customization environments
Authors: Juan Diego Frutos, Denis Borenstein
Venue: Computers in Industry (2004)

In the new and emerging mass customization (MC) strategy, where companies and clients cooperate either to design or to assemble a customized product or service, there exists a great need for a mechanism to manage and control information flow among the collaborative business units. The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of an information system framework for agile interactions between companies and customers in an MC environment. The underlying philosophy of this framework is to combine Internet-based technology and object-oriented programming (OOP), and offer smart tools that allow customers to interact rapidly and responsively with MC production systems.
PCA-based Feature Transformation for Classification: Issues in Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Mykola Pechenizkiy, Alexey Tsymbal, Seppo Puuronen
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

The goal of this paper is to propose, evaluate, and compare several data mining strategiesthat apply feature transformation for subsequent classification, and to consider theirapplication to medical diagnostics. We (1) briefly consider the necessity of dimensionalityreduction and discuss why feature transformation may work better than feature selection forsome problems; (2) analyze experimentally whether extraction of new components andreplacement of original features by them is better than storing the original features as well; (3)consider how important the use of class information is in the feature extraction process; and(4) discuss some interpretability issues regarding the extracted features.
Testing of Hard Faults in Simultaneous Multithreaded Processors
Authors: Eric F. Weglarz, Kewal K. Saluja, T. M. Mak
Venue: Proceedings of the International On-Line Testing Symposium, 10th IEEE (2004)

With the increasing circuit complexity and aggressivetechnology scaling, faults such as dielectric, conductor,and metallization failures are becoming more common.Traditional stuck-at testing does not detect these types offaults because these faults may be dormant and need to bestressed to manifest as "fails" (during burn-in). Asvoltage scaling and power consumption reduce theeffectiveness of burn-in, these faults will cause failuresduring the useful life of the part. We propose the use of atest thread on Simultaneous Multi-Threaded processors toprovide a means of detection of lifetime failures. In thisinitial study the test thread is allowed to compete withexecuting programs for processor resources. When thesystem has only one workload thread, the test thread isable to execute with no significant impact on the workloadthread. When the system has many active workloadthreads, the test thread has somewhat larger impact onthe execution time of the workload threads.
An advanced multichip module (MCM) for high-performance UNIX servers
Authors: J. U. Knickerbocker, F. L. Pompeo, A. F. Tai, D. L. Thomas, R. D. Weekly, M. G. Nealon, H. C. Hamel, A. Haridass, J. N. Humenik, R. A. Shelleman, S. N. Reddy, K. M. Prettyman, B. V. Fasano, S. K. Ray, T. E. Lombardi, K. C. Marston, P. A. Coico, P. J. Brofman, L. S. Goldmann, D. L. Edwards, J. A. Zitz, S. Iruvanti, S. L. Shinde, H. P. Longworth
Venue: IBM Journal of Research and Development (2002)

In 2001, IBM delivered to the marketplace a high-performance UNIXÂ®-class eServer based on a four-chip multichip module (MCM) code named Regatta. This MCM supports four POWER4 chips, each with 170 million transistors, which utilize the IBM advanced copper back-end interconnect technology. Each chip is attached to the MCM through 7018 flip-chip solder connections. The MCM, fabricated using the IBM high-performance glass-ceramic technology, features 1.7 million internal copper vias and high-density top-surface contact pad arrays with 100-Âµm pads on 200-Âµm centers. Interconnections between chips on the MCM and interconnections to the board for power distribution and MCM-to-MCM communication are provided by 190 meters of co-sintered copper wiring. Additionally, the 5100 off-module connections on the bottom side of the MCM are fabricated at a 1-mm pitch and connected to the board through the use of a novel land grid array technology, thus enabling a compact 85-mm Ã 85-mm module footprint that enables 8- to 32-way systems with processors operating at 1.1 GHz or 1.3 GHz. The MCM also incorporates advanced thermal solutions that enable 156 W of cooling per chip. This paper presents a detailed overview of the fabrication, assembly, testing, and reliability qualification of this advanced MCM technology.
Compressed multisampling for efficient hardware edge antialiasing
Authors: Philippe Beaudoin, Pierre Poulin
Venue: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2004 (2004)

Today's hardware graphics accelerators incorporate techniques to antialias edges and minimize geometry-related sampling artifacts. Two such techniques, brute force supersampling and multisampling, increase the sampling rate by rasterizing the triangles in a larger antialiasing buffer that is then filtered down to the size of the framebuffer. The sampling rate is proportional to the number of subsamples in the antialiasing buffer and, when no compression is used, to the memory it occupies. In turn, a larger antialiasing buffer implies an increase in bandwidth, one of the limiting resources for today's applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism to compress the antialiasing buffer and limit the bandwidth requirements while maintaining higher sampling rates. The usual framebuffer-related functions of OpenGL are supported: alpha blending, stenciling, color operations, and color masking. The technique is scalable, allowing for user-specified maximal and minimal sampling rates. The compression scheme includes a mechanism to nicely degrade the quality when too much information would be required. A lower bound on the quality of the resulting image is also available since the sampling rate will never be less than the user-specified minimal rate. The compression scheme is simple enough to be incorporated into standard hardware graphics accelerators. Software simulations show that, for a given bandwidth, our technique offers improved visual results over multisampling schemes.
Exploiting Network Locality in a Decentralized Read-Write Peer-to-Peer File System
Authors: Fabio Picconi, Jean-Michel Busca, Pierre Sens
Venue: Proceedings of the Parallel and Distributed Systems, Tenth International Conference (2004)

We have developed a completely decentralized multi-userread-write peer-to-peer file system with good localityproperties. In our system all data is contained in blocksstored using the Past distributed hash table (DHT), thus takingadvantage of the fault tolerance and locality propertiesof Past and Pastry. We have also introduced a modificationto the Past DHT which allows us to further increase performancewhen using a relaxed but nevertheless useful consistencymodel. Authentication and integrity are assured usingstandard cryptographic mechanisms.We have developed a prototype in order to evaluate theperformance of our design. Our prototype is programmedin Java and uses the FreePastry open-source implementationof Past and Pastry. It allows applications to choose betweentwo degrees of consistency. Preliminary results obtainedthrough simulation suggest that our system is approximatelytwice as slow as NFS. In comparison, Ivy andOceanstore are between two to three times slower than NFS.
Mekarate
Venue: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 video review on Animation theater program: part 2 - Volume 146 (2003)

An office worker is driven to self-destruction by illusion. Copyright held by creator. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Critical evaluation of hard-breakdown based reliability methodologies for ultrathin gate Oxides
Authors: W. Lai, E. Wu, J. Suñé
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2004)

Reliability methodologies based on the tolerance of CMOS devices and circuits to breakdown events are examined. It is shown that the prevalence ratio model (devices tolerate soft breakdown and fail with hard breakdown) and the successive breakdown description of the statistics are consistent with one another. The definition of breakdown of ultrathin oxides and possible problems for the experimental measure of the hard breakdown prevalence ratio are discussed. Finally, it is shown that hard breakdown occurs in ultra-thin oxides under stress voltages much lower than previously anticipated.
A Local Department of Public Health and the Geospatial Data Infrastructure
Authors: Marilyn O. Ruiz, David Remmert
Venue: Journal of Medical Systems (2004)

Local health departments (LHD) are the most widely distributed aspect of the United States public health infrastructure. The role of LHDs has changed since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and an increased concern about bioterrorism. This concern resulted in more emphasis on disease surveillance and the need for new institutional linkages of LHDs with other entities for effective response. These changes coincide with technological changes in spatial data integration and the growth of medical informatics in public health. The integration of GIS into the daily work of an LHD holds promise of improving not only bioterrorism response capabilities, but also the management of emerging infectious diseases, such as West Nile Virus or food borne illness, as well as longstanding programs focused on nutrition and safety. Still, the impediments to using GIS at an LHD remain strong as funding decisions and a complex technology continue to challenge implementation efforts.
DYMOS: a dynamic modification system
Authors: Robert P. Cook, Insup Lee
Venue: ACM SIGPLAN Notices (1983)

Programs are frequently modified during their lifetime. Furthermore, modifications to some systems have to be made on the fly; that is, without stopping their execution. For example, changes to airline reservation systems, telephone switching systems, and on-line banking systems have to performed dynamically. Other continuously running systems, such as operating systems, may be modified on the fly to increase their availability. DYMOS is a programming system that supports a programmer modifying a StarMod program dynamically. StarMod [2] is an extension of Modula [3]. To modify procedures dynamically, the programmer modifies and recompiles the source code of the procedures to be replaced and then requests the system to change the current core image to incorporate new code and data.
Feature-based Deformable Registration of Brain Images
Authors: Yonghong Shi, Feihu Qi
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (2004)

This paper proposes a novel deformable method of feature-based image registration abouttwo or more different modality images gotten from the same subject, which can automaticallydetermine corresponding points and corresponding segmentation. In this way, we can avoiderrors caused by manually or semi-automatically setting corresponding points and improvethe exactness and efficiency at the same time. In addition, we can avoid being trapped in local minimization since transformation bases on corresponding segmentation.
Composing Adaptive Software
Authors: Philip K. McKinley, Seyed Masoud Sadjadi, Eric P. Kasten, Betty H. C. Cheng
Venue: Computer (2004)

Compositional adaptation exchanges algorithmic or structural system components with others that improve a program's fit to its current environment. With this approach, an application can add new behaviors after deployment. Compositional adaptation also enables dynamic recomposition of the software during execution. While dynamic software recomposition dates back to the earliest days of computing, such programs were difficult to write and debug. Several new software tools and technologies now help address these problems.The authors review the research in compositional adaptation and survey the supporting technologies, proposed solutions, and areas that require further study.
Mathematical model for the optimization of the allocation of nonferrous raw materials in China
Authors: Yi-Ming Wei, Qing-huai Hu, Ying Fan
Venue: Computers and Industrial Engineering (2004)

Taking the management point of view at a high level of administration, this paper describes the model formulation of the optimized allocation of nonferrous raw materials countrywide in China, which is of great technical and economical significance. The databases and computer system design with personal computers are recommended and some results and conclusions included.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Intrusion-Tolerance Capabilities of the MAFTIA Architecture
Authors: Robert Stroud, Ian Welch, John Warne, Peter Ryan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (2004)

MAFTIA was a three-year European researchproject that explored the use of fault-tolerancetechniques to build intrusion-tolerant systems. TheMAFTIA architecture embodies a number of key designprinciples for building intrusion-tolerant systems,such as the notion of distributing trust throughout thesystem and limiting the extent to which individualcomponents are trusted, and the aim of this paper isto illustrate these principles and demonstrateMAFTIA's intrusion-tolerance capabilities by showinghow MAFTIA mechanisms and protocols might bedeployed in a realistic context. We discuss therelationship between intrusion tolerance and faulttolerance, and then describe how the MAFTIAarchitecture could be used to build an intrusion-tolerantversion of a hypothetical e-commerceapplication. Using fault trees, we analyse possibleattack scenarios and show how MAFTIA mechanismsprotect against them. We conclude the paper with adiscussion of related work and identify areas forfuture research.