ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Prototype II: A job selection simulation model
Authors: Thomas A. Byrne, Alan V. Piercey, Frank L. Myers
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st symposium on Simulation of computer systems (1973)

Optimization of a multiprogramming computer configuration is a complex task. The most common approach in establishing a mix of resources and a classing/initiator configuration is to make an educated guess and, over a period of time, to make refinements through a series of increasingly more educated guesses. This paper describes an alternate approach to optimization of resources and job selection through simulation. This use of simulation departs from the accepted simulation philosophy in that by using actual utilization statistics as control parameters, the model represents a computer system functionally rather than abstractly.
Grad Assistant - a program for symbolic algebraic manipulation and Differentiation
Authors: John G. Fletcher
Venue: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic manipulation (1966)

The General Recursive Algebra and Differentiation Assistant (GRAD Assistant) now under development, is a LISP-based system which can perform symbolic algebraic manipulation and differentiation. It is designed to produce a simplified expression of the result of any, sequence of symbolic manipulations involving addition, multiplication, exponentiation, and their inverses, and differentiation. In particular, it will never over- look that an expression is in fact independent of a particular variable. It does these things without requiring any externally supplied "hints" about difficult expressions. It can read and write a Fortran-like infix notation. It has been used in connection with a heuristic ordinary-differential-equation-solving program and a program that performs calculations arising from Ricmannian geometry.
Designing efficient algorithms for APL: A case study of a hydraulic-network solver
Authors: Emanuel Gofman, Michael Rodeh
Venue: ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad (1979)

The interpretation time of APL instructions significantly influences the total execution time and therefore must be considered during the development of APL programs. As an example of the trade off between interpretation and execution time, the redesign process of a hydraulic network solver originally intended for implementation in FORTRAN is described. Efficiency is gained both by designing algorithms which have a more parallel nature and by extensive use of precomputations. It is shown that evaluating an algorithm using the classical method of counting the number of &ldquo;basic steps&rdquo; is insufficient in an APL context.
The Serial Microprocessor Array (SMA): Microprogramming and application examples
Authors: P. Corsini, G. Frosini, F. Grandoni, G. Galati, M. La Manna
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1978)

The structure of the Processing Element (PE), which is the basic component of SMA1, is presented. The PE consists of a simple serial arithmetic unit, a local high speed data memory, serial input and output ports, serial communication channels with neighbouring PE's, and some local control logic. The PE array operates under the control of a microprogrammed Array Control Unit (ACU). The peculiarities of ACU microprogramming are discussed, and some typical microprograms are reported. After presentation of the SMA principal instructions, some application programs are described implementing common radar filtering algorithms.
Existence of limit cycles in a non linear dynamic system with random parameters
Authors: Donald R. Falkenburg
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1979)

The paper describes an efficient technique for investigating the performance of a nonlinear dynamic system with uncertain parameters. An analysis is made to determine the probability that a nonlinear control system will exhibit limit cycle (sustained periodic oscillation) behavior. The quadrature method of Evans, which provides an efficient computational tool for characterizing the moments of a function of random variables, is used in the analysis.
Simulating a crisis
Authors: Roger I. Hall
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th conference on Winter simulation - Volume 1 (1979)

An influence diagramming approach is applied to modelling a typical large magazine publishing company. The assumptions built into the model are tested by an empirical study of the old Saturday Evening Post. Experiments with a DYNAMO simulation version of the model lead to an understanding of how the system reacts both in the short and long run to changes to the management control variables such as subscription and advertising 'rates.' The potentially self-destructive nature of the system is demonstrated together with a policy for survival based on a knowledge of the system's behavior.
Computer education in the secondary school: Problems and solutions
Authors: James L. Poirot
Venue: Proceedings of the tenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1979)

The phenominal demand for computer education has placed heavy burdens on most educational institutions. University computer science departments all over the country are hard pressed to supply faculty and facilities for the &ldquo;masses&rdquo; of students desiring an education in computer science. Secondary schools have experienced this same demand on the part of the students. Even though the problems that these demands cause are equivalent in many respects to those in universities, solutions at the secondary level are not as easy or as speedy.
An evaluation scheme for a comparison of computer science curricula with ACM's guidelines
Authors: Nancy E. Miller, Charles G. Petersen
Venue: Proceedings of the twelfth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1981)

During the past ten years, several model curricula for technical academic disciplines have been developed and published by professional societies. Among the recommendations for computer science are those of '68 and '78 by ACM. This paper presents a quantitative scheme for evaluating a computer science curriculum as compared to ACM '68 and '78 guidelines. To demonstrate the evaluation scheme, curricula from three (3) universities are compared to the ACM guidelines. The results of those numeric comparisons are tabulated and discussed. Other areas that affect a computer science program; textbooks, computer facilities, and faculty are also discussed.
Electronic mail usage analysis
Authors: Harry M. Hersh
Venue: Proceedings of the 1982 conference on Human factors in computing systems (1982)

An electronic mail system (EMS) has been in operation within Digital Equipment Corporation now for several years. The function of the system is to help serve the internal communication needs of this geographically distributed corporation. In particular, the system was intended to increase the effectiveness of managers, although secretaries, engineers, and other employees also use the system. As the mail system grew from a pilot operation to a global communications utility, the system's managers continued to receive a wide range of informal feedback concerning users' perceptions and utilization of the system. In order to assess reliably how users were reacting to this new communication mode, usage aspects of the electronic mail system were investigated by a random survey of the user population and by an analysis of EMS learning behavior. The survey portion of the study will be discussed in this paper.
Computer aided LSI circuit design: A relationship between topology and performance
Authors: Paul Losleben
Venue: Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference (1975)

The relationship between topology and performance in LSI cell design requires a corresponding relationship between cell layout and circuit analysis computer programs. A computer aided design system demonstrating this is discussed.
A simulation of U. S. coast guard response to demands for service
Authors: Joseph A. Smith
Venue: Proceedings of the 76 Bicentennial conference on Winter simulation (1976)

SARSIM is a simulation which mimics the actual operation of the Coast Guard search and rescue system and records its aggregate behavior. The most promising (near-optimal) configuration can be identified by repeating the experiment for various resource and crew allocations and comparing the performances. Historical data was used to form the basis for occurrence distributions. The data base provides invaluable input to a model of this type in which many dependent occurrences affect the outcome of the activities monitored by the simulation. Statistic such as utilization factors, service times, waiting times, response times and various cost figures are tallied during each exercise to provide a measure of system performance under alternative mixtures of resources and crews. A measure of effectiveness (MOE) was derived to enable the experimenter to make multiple runs in an exploratory mode. The accumulated average of the resource cost per distance multiplied by the number of incidents in queue awaiting service was calculated for each station. Overall mission performance, consisting of a sequence of basic activities, was synthesized using a time profile for each candidate resource.
Technology rules- the other side of technology dependent code
Authors: Melvin F. Heilweil
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference (1983)

The major objectives of a rules-driven, technology independent DA system are: -Faster support for new technologies -Reduced development effort -Better utilization of skills -Fewer programs to maintain However, if not designed properly, the result could be an unnecessarily complex, expensive system, which does not fully utilize the technology capability. Some of the key decisions are: (a) Which technology parameters are to be fixed (hard coded) vs. rule-defined? (b) What is the interface between programs and rules? (c) What is the relative priority of product cost vs. DA development cost? (d) Should rules be defined in a high-level language and then compiled, or should they be coded in a format directly accessed by the programs? (e) What methods can be used to allow program improvements and additions without obsoleting the existing rule library?
Computer science: An essential course for the liberal arts
Authors: T. Ray Nanney
Venue: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin (1976)

There is a wide divergence of opinion as to the appropriate content for an introductory computer science course. Approaches to teaching the subject range from &ldquo;computer appreciation&rdquo; presentations to rigorous courses for computer science majors. This paper presents the thesis that computer science has reached a level of maturity which allows it to be presented in a stimulating and intellectually honest manner to liberal arts students regardless of their majors, and that such a course is an important, almost essential, part of the curriculum for such students. A rationale for this view will be presented, and a course conforming to the rationale will be described. In many liberal arts institutions, including mine, any subject which may be related to technology is regarded with suspicion; and zealous efforts are made to avoid contamination of the curriculum with unsuitable courses having a technological base. Because the rationale for the course seems to satisfy my colleagues in the more humanistic subjects, it is presented in some detail here for its possible value in other institutions.
On the relationship between finite automata, finite monoids, and prefix codes.
Authors: J-F. Perrot
Venue: Proceedings of the second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (1970)

It is the aim of the present study to establish links between the structure of a given (finite) prefixcode and that of its syntactic monoid, using automata theory as a tool.
Measuring reliability of computation center software
Authors: Patricia A. Hamilton, John D. Musa
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Software engineering (1978)

This paper investigates the application of the execution time theory of software reliability [1,2] to operational computation center software. A brief review of software reliability concepts is provided. Studies of individual operating system components are discussed, as well as a functional subsystem. This work is based on data taken at a large operating computation center over a period of 15 months.
Ansi basic&mdash;the proposed standard
Authors: Ronald E. Anderson
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference (1982)

The proposed standard for the programming language Basic, although not yet approved, is sufficiently stable to permit examination and discussion. It contains, for example the usual structural constructs, multicharacter variable names, external subroutines, two-dimensional plotting, and several simple file types. Optional extensions include additional file types, real-time, and a fixed-decimal module for business applications. The Panel will present the main features of the proposed standard, will briefly discuss these features, and will accept questions about the standard. (Two of the panelists are members of ANSI committee X3J2, charged with developing the standard.)
The microprogramming of pipelined processors
Authors: Peter M. Kogge
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th annual symposium on Computer architecture (1977)

A pipelined processor is one whose computational capabilities are divided into several sequential stages, each of which may be working with an independent set of data at the same instant of time. Such processors are capable of handling large streams of data at very high rates. As with conventional CPUs, the microprogrammed control of such processors offers advantages not possible with hardwired controls. This paper discusses some unique tradeoffs that may be made in the design of microprogrammed pipelines. A sample pipeline demonstrates the characteristics of two extremes of microprogrammed control&mdash;one where the microinstruction specifies all activity in the pipeline at one instant of time (time-stationary) and one where the microinstruction &ldquo;follows&rdquo; the data through several clock periods (data-stationary). Several typical microprograms show the effects of these two variations on hardware costs, microprogrammability, and pipeline efficiency.
Migration implementation by integrating microprogramming and HLL programming
Authors: Juha-Matti Heimonen, Juha Heinanen
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th annual workshop on Microprogramming (1984)

Implementing vertical migrations involves synthesizing new microcoded instructions from selected parts of HLL programs and loading the microcode into the computer's control memory. Ideally, both of these tasks are done automatically so that programs can be written independently of their actual level of implementation. This paper suggests the integration of microprogramming and HLL programming as a step toward the automation of the migration process. A possible linguistic convention for software/firmware interfacing is presented. Compiling of migrated programs is also discussed and examples are given. Finally, an attempt is made to compare the migration effects to those obtainable by automatic synthesis methods.
Computing applications as social experimentation
Authors: Roland Schinzinger
Venue: Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on The fifth generation challenge (1984)

Creating a new mode of computing in a laboratory is a technological experiment. Transferring that same new mode computing to the lay public for routine use is a social experiment[1]. This distinction is similar to that between developing chemical compounds in a laboratory and disbursing new drugs on a large scale to the lay public. In the case of drugs, the public has come to expect careful experimentation, serious attempts by professionals to learn about the appropriateness of new drugs and successes and failures, and informed consent. Similar guidelines have not been adopted by engineers or computer scientists. This talk explores the meaning of experimentation and informed consent for the use of especially novel and powerful computer-based technologies.
The role of computers in instructional systems: Past and future
Authors: Fred A. Crowell, S. Carl Traegde
Venue: Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference (1967)

The role that might be assigned to computers in instructional systems may take many forms. However, after reviewing the literature on the uses of computers in education, the authors could find no clear statement as to what such a role is or should be, when considered within the total context of an instructional system. The failure to find a well-defined role provided the impetus for a paper of this type. The paper is designed to suggest new ways of conceptualizing instructional systems which include a computer component. The authors address themselves to this task by first reviewing briefly the past use of computers in educational settings; second, applying a general systems approach to education; third, developing a model for CAI (computer-assisted-instruction) within the general systems framework and fourth, exploring the implications of the model for research and development of CAI systems.
Communication network design using message flow simulation
Authors: David L. Bussard
Venue: Proceedings of the second conference on Applications of simulations (1968)

The determination of a near optimum cost-effective design for a large military communication network is a complex task. The detailed methods used in solving a particular network design problem will depend on the system requirements, the projected operational time frame, and on the time, money, and technical means available for its solution. Computer simulations of the operation of various possible networks under anticipated critical traffic loads and the determination thereby of the resulting message delay times and subsystem utilizations can be used to predict the performance of proposed designs and also to show how to modify them in order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of the ultimately realized operational network.
An overview of computer science in China: Research interests and educational directions
Authors: N. B. Dale
Venue: Proceedings of the eleventh SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1980)

In September, 1979, an international delegation of computer scientists visited the People's Republic of China. This paper reviews the sub-stance of discussions between this group and their Chinese counterparts and gives the impressions of the visiting scientists based on this interaction.
Structured program planning and design: Standardization needs
Authors: Murray R. Berkowitz
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference (1979)

For over a decade, the computer science/data processing community has been investigating and applying the techniques we call &ldquo;structured&rdquo;. We have been &ldquo;structuring&rdquo; the design of programs, systems, and lately, management. The problems are that not all installations use structured design and those that use structured planning and design do not use it for all their tasks or consistently. There is no standard as to either the criteria for measuring the effectiveness of the design or its representation and documentation. The fluid environment of EDP professionals necessitates a training or retraining period for personnel new to a particular installation. This is not cost-effective, and hence there is some reluctance on the part of many installations to adopt structured design. Standardization of the techniques of, criteria for measurement, and representation and documentation of structured plans and designs of computer-based systems and programs would speed its adoption. This session is represented by a panel of professionals drawn from the government, business, academic, and consulting communities. In this short time we will touch upon the advantages, problems, and needs for standardization as regards the application of the &ldquo;structured philosophy&rdquo; to program planning and design, systems design, and the managers' views. Following the presentations by the panelists, the session will assume a workshop format for the exchange of ideas and information. The need for standards and standardization is present, and the time for their implementation is overdue.
A case study in system integration using the Build approach
Authors: David J. Schultz
Venue: Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference (1979)

An approach to software system integration used at Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) is described and compared with established approaches to system integration. The approach presented here is evolutionary in nature: system functions are integrated and demonstrated to the customer in a series of successive system increments referred to as &ldquo;Builds&rdquo;. The order of integration is essentially top-down with vertical slicing, i.e., functional capabilities are demonstrated to the customer only when both high-level control functions and underlying low-level services have been integrated. This paper presents the first reported detailed case study of the application of the Build approach to the development of an actual system.
The design of the Venus Operating System
Authors: Barbara H. Liskov
Venue: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Operating systems principles (1971)

The Venus Operating System is an experimental multiprogramming system which supports five or six concurrent users on a small computer. The system was produced to test the effect of machine architecture on complexity of software. The system is defined by a combination of micro-programs and software. The microprogram defines a machine with some unusual architectural features; the software exploits these features to define the operating system as simply as possible. In this paper the development of the system is described, with particular emphasis on the principles which guided the design.
A pedagogical processor model
Authors: Will D. Gillett, Eric B. Muehrcke
Venue: Proceedings of the fourteenth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (1983)

This paper presents a pedagogical processor model, intended for teaching fundamental concepts about von Neumann machines. A general discussion of the desirable pedagogical properties is given, and a specific one address machine is defined. The machine has a simple architecture, supports four addressing modes, and uses a small number of hierarchically organized, fixed-field instructions. Debugging capabilities are included in the definition and can be accessed by executable instruction.
Internetting between VAX and Apollo ring network
Authors: N. N. Y. Chu
Venue: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on Data communications (1983)

Specifications for a network design to connect the Apollo DOMAIN network with the VAX system are discussed in this paper. Three networking approaches were considered which represent three distinct chronological stages in the evolution of computer communications. Based on a comparison of data transfer rate and the installation cost among these three alternatives, the LAN, represented by the Ethernet, was recommended as the connecting hardware. The OSI Reference Model was used as a starting basis to discuss protocol issues to be built for the chosen LAN. Of particular interest are the transport, presentation, and application layers. The transport layer was designed to perform functions of the network and session layers in the OSI model. The presentation layer incorporated a text mapping algorithm to convert incompatible characters in filenames created on the VAX versus those on the Apollo. The application layer was designed with the capability to send and receive files between these two systems.