ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Seven Research Challenges of Generalized 3D Documents
Authors: Sven Havemann, Dieter W. Fellner
Venue: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (2007)

A number of unsolved questions concern the deep integration of 3D objects as new type of generalized document into digital libraries. In a few years, massive problems in 3D data management will be the immediate consequence as the widespread use of 3D technology is drastically increasing the number, as well as the size, of 3D documents.
The valuation of multidimensional American real options using the LSM simulation method
Authors: Gonzalo Cortazar, Miguel Gravet, Jorge Urzua
Venue: Computers and Operations Research (2008)

In this paper we show how a multidimensional American real option may be solved using the LSM simulation method originally proposed by Longstaff and Schwartz [2001, The Review of the Financial Studies 14(1): 113-147] for valuing a financial option and how this method can be used in a complex setting. We extend a well-known natural resource real option model, initially solved using finite difference methods, to include a more realistic three-factor stochastic process for commodity prices, more in line with current research. Numerical results show that the procedure may be successfully used for multidimensional models, expanding the applicability of the real options approach. Even though there has been an increasing literature on the benefits of using the contingent claim approach to value real assets, limitations on solving procedures and computing power have often forced academics and practitioners to simplify these real option models to a level in which they loose relevance for real-world decision making. Real option models present a higher challenge than their financial option counterparts because of two main reasons: First, many real options have a longer maturity which makes risk modeling critical and may force considering many risk factors, as opposed to the classic Black and Scholes approach with only one risk factor. Second, real investments many times exhibit a more complex set of interacting American options, which make them more difficult to value. In recent years new approaches for solving American options have been proposed which, coupled with an increasing availability of computing power, have been successfully applied to solving long-term financial options. In this paper we explore the applicability of one the most promising of these new methods in a multidimensional real option setting.
Overview of total least-squares methods
Authors: Ivan Markovsky, Sabine Van Huffel
Venue: Signal Processing (2007)

We review the development and extensions of the classical total least-squares method and describe algorithms for its generalization to weighted and structured approximation problems. In the generic case, the classical total least-squares problem has a unique solution, which is given in analytic form in terms of the singular value decomposition of the data matrix. The weighted and structured total least-squares problems have no such analytic solution and are currently solved numerically by local optimization methods. We explain how special structure of the weight matrix and the data matrix can be exploited for efficient cost function and first derivative computation. This allows to obtain computationally efficient solution methods. The total least-squares family of methods has a wide range of applications in system theory, signal processing, and computer algebra. We describe the applications for deconvolution, linear prediction, and errors-in-variables system identification.
Global Grid Paradigm--"A Collaborative Approach to People, Resources and Services Using Distributed Technologies in the Asia-Pacific Region"
Authors: Christine Amaldas, Avinash Shankaranarayanan
Venue: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (2007)

Distributed systems constitute a core area of study in the science of computing. These systems evolved from the stand-alone computers of the 1970s and 1980s to the complex networks today involving the interaction of large numbers of components namely Computer terminals, Client/Server based network computing, and other high end resources. Over the past decade or so distributed computing has come up in a big way. This is partly due to the rising cost of high-end machines and the need of lower-end users for large scale computing. Their evolution has opened up the development of a wide range of high performing applications. It has changed the user's perspective of computing forever. The user now has the option of utilizing the collective capabilities of the resources by globally moving information from remote systems towards localized usage. Grid or Cluster computing has been a key technological breakthrough, although in its infancy has enabled people to virtually utilize "infinite" storage capacity and computing power by collaborating and consuming remote resources and services. However, building such systems for generic user needs involves subjecting the system to numerous complexities or system specific parameters. The paper highlights existing systems in the Asia Pacific region and talks about the major breakthroughs and limitations of existing distributed systems prevalent in the Asia Pacific.
Algorithm Visualization in Teaching Spatial Data Algorithms
Authors: Jussi Nikander, Juha Helminen
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

Algorithm visualization is a widely - used tool for teaching data structures and algorithms. Spatial data algorithms are algorithms that are designed to process multidimensional data. This work introduces a spatial data extension to the successful TRAKLA2 learning environment, which includes automatically assessed visual algorithm simulation exercises. First impressions on using the visualizations in teaching are also described.
A Non-Expert Organised Visual Database: a Case Study in Using the Amazon Metric to Search Images
Authors: Theodor G. Wyeld
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Information Visualization (2007)

In a previous paper the notion of "using the Amazon metric to construct an image database based on what people do, not what they say" was introduced (see [1]). In that paper we described a case study setting where 20 participants were asked to arrange a collection of 60 images from most to least similar. We found they organised them in many different ways for many different reasons. Using Wexelblat's [2] semantic dimensions as axes for visualisation in conjunction with the Amazon metric we were able to identify common clusters of images according to expert and non-expert orderings. This second study describes the construction of a visual database based on the results of the first case study's non-expert participants' organising strategies and rationales. The same participants from the first study were invited to search for "remembered' images in the visual database. A better understanding was gained of their detailed reasonings behind their choices. This led to the development of a non-expert organised visual database that proved to be useful to the non-expert user. This paper concludes with some recommendations for future research into developing a non-expert, selforganising, visual, image database using multiple thesauri, based on these core studies.
Resilient network infrastructures for global grid computing
Authors: L. Valcarenghi
Venue: Proceedings of the High Performance Interconnects, 2004. on Proceedings. 12th Annual IEEE Symposium (2004)

Summary form only given. Grid computing is defined as "coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations". The transport network infrastructure represents one of the main resources to be shared. Emerging high capacity intelligent grid transport network infrastructures, such as optical transport networks based on generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) and automatically switched optical networks/automatically switched transport networks (ASON/ASTN), are fostering the expansion of grid computing from local area networks (LAN) (i.e., cluster grid) to wide area networks (WAN) (i.e., global grid). Indeed they are able to guarantee the required quality of service (QoS) to heterogeneous grid applications that share the same grid network infrastructure. The tutorial addresses one particular aspect of the grid transport network QoS: resilience, i.e. the ability to overcome failures. In particular, it gives an overview of the current efforts for guaranteeing grid application resilience in spite of different types of failures, such as network infrastructure failures or computer crashes. Finally, it shows that, by tailoring the utilized recovery scheme to the type of failure that occurred, it is possible to optimize the failure recovery process. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
Transmedial interactions and digital games
Authors: Shaowen Bardzell, Vicky Wu, Jeffrey Bardzell, Nick Quagliara
Venue: Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (2007)

As virtual worlds and games grow in both personal and cultural importance, present limitations in access to them is increasingly limiting their ability to achieve their potential. Transmedial access, in which a given player's access to a game is made possible across different devices, offers a promising solution to this problem. It also inaugurates a new category of interaction design: transmedial interaction. This workshop explores the state of the art of transmedial interaction in games, which today unfortunately is often at most mere afterthought. It provides a participatory environment in which attendees can chart new paths forward, from developing viable business models and understanding the technical infrastructure to developing critical vocabularies and evaluative frameworks.
Recognition of face profiles from the mugshot database using a hybrid connectionist/HMM approach
Authors: F. Wallhoff
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03 (2001)

Biometrical systems have been the focus of concentrated research efforts in recent years. These systems can be used to identify a person or to grant a person access to something, e.g., a room. Face recognition technology has reached a level of performance at which frontal-view recognition of faces with slightly different facial expressions, view angles or head poses can be considered nearly solved. We present a novel hybrid ANN/HMM approach to recognize a person from that person's profile view (90) although the recognition system is trained with only one single frontal view of the person. Such a system can be useful for mugshot identification where a victim or witness has seen the criminal from the side only. Our approach uses neural methods in order to synthesize a profile out of the frontal view using no additional knowledge about the 3D shape and structure of a human head. The classification of the generated images is accomplished using a statistical HMM-approach.
Aggregation of heavy-tailed on-off flows is multifractal
Authors: Xicheng Liu, J. S. Baras
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 01 (2002)

We show that the aggregation of heavy-tailed on-off flows can exhibit multifractality in nature in addition to the well-known long-range dependency. Justifications are provided through analyzing the power density spectrum of a single on-off flow, calculating the multifractal spectrum of aggregated flows, and measuring the distributions of the increment process. Effects of the on and the off period on the multifractal behavior are examined. With a new understanding of the on-off model taking into account the TCP window-based control mechanism, possible roles of the TCP window size and the RTT in producing multifractal traffic are suggested.
Performance of a home LAN using HomePNA 2.0 stations
Authors: S. B. Sub, D. J. Greaves
Venue: Proceedings of the The 8th International Conference on Communication Systems - Volume 02 (2002)

Non-deterministic MAC (media access control) such as CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) is popular due to its simple mechanism and ease of maintenance and extensibility of LAN. CSMA/CD combined with a splitting algorithm for collision resolution was chosen by HomePNA 2.0 where stack levels for collision resolution are finite. Such a non-deterministic nature can be ameliorated to an extent by introducing priorities that differentiate packets as intended in HomePNA 2.0 MAC. This paper presents an analytical capacity model, an experimental model and a comparison in terms of collision resolution period and throughput through simulation. We also present and analyse an improved priority policy.
Adaptation Strategies in Policy-Driven Autonomic Management
Authors: Raphael M. Bahati, Michael A. Bauer, Elvis M. Vieira
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (2007)

Policies have been proposed as a means to express required or desired behavior of systems and applications. Policies can be used within the autonomic management elements of the system to provide action directives to adjust application or system tuning parameters in order to meet operational requirements. Policy specification is frequently component-based, that is, focused on the operational requirements of a particular system component, e.g., a Web server or a database. In multi-component systems, such as e-commerce systems, multiple components may co-exist on a single server and cooperate to deliver a set of services. It is reasonable to expect that each component would have its own set of associated policies and that, in turn, the autonomic management system could identify actions to take per component. However, these independent sets of policies may possibly yield multiple directives from which the autonomic manager must select one or more appropriate actions. In this work, we look at an approach which tries to select one or more actions based on previous behavior. Previous decisions are captured in the form of states and transitions which in turn are used to try to find good sequences of actions. We describe how the states are formed and actions identified. We describe the implementation of an autonomic manager using this approach and report on the experience in managing a dynamic Web server.
Two-sided prediction, orthogonalization, and random fields in images
Authors: M. M. Scheffe
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

A useful way of finding new signal-processing algorithms is to think of problems like linear prediction in a geometric way-finding prediction coefficients is the same as orthogonalizing the basis of powers of z on the unit circle. This means that powerful concepts from the theory of approximation and orthogonal polynomials, such as three-term recurrences, can be used to find highly efficient algorithms to solve least squares problems. We show how to apply these concepts to different problems than just prediction. In particular, we find optimal linear interpolation coefficients by orthogonalizing a new, different basis of Chebyshev-type functions in order 8 n-squared steps. Interpolation is also known as the non-causal or two-sided prediction problem. It is important not just for linear phase applications, but also in image processing, where the optimum linear interpolator describes a Gauss-Markov random field, as used in image restoration, texture analysis, segmentation and spatial clutter reduction. The ACM Portal is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2010 ACM, Inc. Terms of Usage Privacy Policy Code of Ethics Contact Us Useful downloads: Adobe Acrobat QuickTime Windows Media Player Real Player
A high performance microphone array system for hearing aid applications
Authors: A. Wang
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06 (1996)

Microphone array technology has been proposed for various audio, teleconference, and hearing aid applications. By forming a focused beam toward the desired speech source, attenuating background noises and rejecting discrete spatial interferers, a microphone array can enhance the SNR/SIR in a noisy environment with significant improvement in speech intelligibility. An array can also perform real time source-localization or direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in various applications. We present a high performance prototype PC-based microphone array system for hearing aid applications. Algorithms for maximum energy criterion array weight design needed in the speech processing mode as well as modified broadband near-field MUSIC schemes in the search mode are discussed. Then a PC-based microphone array system using a TMS320C40 DSP is described. Preliminary study of equalizing non-uniform response microphones is also discussed. Finally, some array performance results in free-space and reverberant room conditions are presented.
Seed layer enhancement by electrochemical deposition: The copper seed solution for beyond 45nm
Authors: A. Roule, M. Amuntencei, E. Deronzier, P. H. Haumesser, S. Da Silva, X. Avale, O. Pollet, R. Baskaran, G. Passemard
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2007)

With the downscaling of feature dimensions, each layer of the metallization stack has to become thinner and thinner to comply with the geometrical constraints. In particular, seed layer thickness will have to be drastically reduced for the 45nm node and beyond. As PVD is a non-conformal technique, discontinuous seeding of the sidewalls of narrow features can be expected. In this study, a seed layer enhancement (SLE) process is evaluated for 300mm processing, as a possible solution for copper seeding for the 45nm node and below. We demonstrate the extendibility of this process to the fabrication of 300mm wafers. We confirm the excellent morphological properties of the deposit, which is extremely conformal, thus continuous inside the features. This process is successfully integrated in the existing metallization sequence, without any modification of the subsequent steps, including electroplating. This demonstration is supported by electrical results, showing that a 10nm thick PVD liner, which leads to severe degradation of line and via resistance, is efficiently repaired with only 20nm SLE. All electrical performances (line and via resistance, dispersion and yield) are fully recovered with implementation of the SLE step.
Applying Graph Search Techniques for Workflow Verification
Authors: Sinnakkrishnan Perumal, Ambuj Mahanti
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Workflow verification is a critical topic in workflow management. This involves identifying structural conflicts in the workflow process definition. Mahanti- Sinnakkrishnan algorithm is a graph-search based algorithm for verifying workflow graphs and this algorithm is given in [5] and [6]. In this paper, intricacies of this algorithm in using typical graph search techniques for solving the problem of workflow verification are detailed. AO* and Depth First Search are the two graph search techniques used in this algorithm.
Fine-Tuning the Human-Computer Interface: Verbal versus Keyboard Input in an Idea Generation Context
Authors: J. H. Jung, Clayton Arlen Looney, Joseph S. Valacich
Venue: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2007)

Voice recognition technologies are rapidly evolving to help humans interact with computers more efficiently and effectively. Despite their potential advantages, their impact on system usability has not received sufficient empirical attention. To this end, this study applies voice recognition technologies in a setting where the speed and volume of human input is critical - small group idea generation. Rather than forcing group members to input ideas via keyboard, a novel idea generation technique is introduced whereby ideas are captured directly through verbalization. The results indicate that inputting ideas verbally enhances system usability, providing a more efficient and effective mechanism for generating ideas in a computer-mediated environment. Verbalizing ideas appears to help group members focus on analytical thinking and leverage others' ideas, ultimately facilitating the creation of idea pools that are vastly superior in terms of quantity and quality. As expected, these effects are robust across nominal and small interacting groups.
A Secure Protocol of Reverse Discriminatory Auction with Bid Privacy
Authors: Dong-Her Shih, Chih-Hung Cheng, Jui-Chi Shen
Venue: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (2007)

The recent focus on auction field has been to multiple item auctions where bidders are not restricted to buying only one item of the merchandize. In this paper, we concentrate on the use of the multi-item auction and propose a novel PRDA auction protocol to solve problems of bid privacy in multi-item auction. A verifiable technique of shared key chain is used to find the winners without revealing the losing bids and unnecessary information. Through analysis, our new scheme is robust against cheating bidders.
Blind LPTV joint equalization and interference suppression
Authors: G. Gelli
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (2000)

The problem of jointly equalizing a digital communication signal distorted by a linear time-invariant channel and rejecting co-channel or adjacent-channel digital interference is tackled. Owing to the presence of the interfering signal, the proposed optimum linear MMSE equalizer turns out to be periodically time-varying (LPTV). Moreover, new simple and effective blind channel identification procedures are presented, which can be applied as long as the desired and interfering signal exhibit different circularity and/or cyclo-stationarity properties. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Detection and characterization of cracks for failure monitoring and diagnostics
Authors: K. Buckley
Venue: Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 05 (1996)

An early indicator of the onset of material failure due to fatigue and/or stress is the appearance of microcracks. The generation of these cracks creates propagating acoustic signals in the material, termed acoustic emissions (AEs). This paper presents results from an ongoing investigation into the detection end characterization of microcracks using AE signals measured in the presence of strong correlated interference and white noise.