ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
Eyetracking in cognitive state detection for HCI
Authors: Darrell S. Rudmann, George W. McConkie, Xianjun Sam Zheng
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (2003)

1. Past research in a number of fields confirms the existence of a link between cognition and eye movement control, beyond simply a pointing relationship. This being the case, it should be possible to use eye movement recording as a basis for detecting users' cognitive states in real time. Several examples of such cognitive state detectors have been reported in the literature.2. A multi-disciplinary project is described in which the goal is to provide the computer with as much real-time information about the human state (cognitive, affective and motivational state) as possible, and to base computer actions on this information. The application area in which this is being implemented is science education, learning about gears through exploration. Two studies are reported in which participants solve simple problems of pictured gear trains while their eye movements are recorded. The first study indicates that most eye movement sequences are compatible with predictions of a simple sequential cognitive model, and it is suggested that those sequences that do not fit the model may be of particular interest in the HCI context as indicating problems or alternative mental strategies. The mental rotation of gears sometimes produces sequences of short eye movements in the direction of motion; thus, such sequences may be useful as cognitive state detecto.3. The second study tested the hypothesis that participants are thinking about the object to which their eyes are directed. In this study, the display was turned off partway through the process of solving a problem, and the participants reported what they were thinking about at that time. While in most cases the participants reported cognitive activities involving the fixated object, this was not the case on a sizeable number of trials.
An Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm for Large Scale Multicommodity Routing
Authors: Torbjörn Larsson, Di Yuan
Venue: Computational Optimization and Applications (2004)

The linear multicommodity network flow (MCNF) problem has many applications in the areas of transportation and telecommunications. It has therefore received much attention, and many algorithms that exploit the problem structure have been suggested and implemented. The practical difficulty of solving MCNF models increases fast with respect to the problem size, and especially with respect to the number of commodities. Applications in telecommunications typically lead to instances with huge numbers of commodities, and tackling such instances computationally is challenging.In this paper, we describe and evaluate a fast and convergent lower-bounding procedure which is based on an augmented Lagrangian reformulation of MCNF, that is, a combined Lagrangian relaxation and penalty approach. The algorithm is specially designed for solving very large scale MCNF instances. Compared to a standard Lagrangian relaxation approach, it has more favorable convergence characteristics. To solve the nonlinear augmented Lagrangian subproblem, we apply a disaggregate simplicial decomposition scheme, which fully exploits the structure of the subproblem and has good reoptimization capabilities. Finally, the augmented Lagrangian algorithm can also be used to provide heuristic upper bounds.The efficiency of the augmented Lagrangian method is demonstrated through computational experiments on large scale instances. In particular, it provides near-optimal solutions to instances with over 3,600 nodes, 14,000 arcs and 80,000 commodities within reasonable computing time.
Web Accessibility, Mobility, and Findability
Authors: Bebo White
Venue: Proceedings of the First Conference on Latin American Web Congress (2003)

This tutorial addresses the issues of accessibility, mobility and findability as appropriate to a discussion of Web site or Web page interface usability. The goal of this tutorial is to emphasize the importance of these factors while providing attendees with sufficient vocabulary and conceptual knowledge to make appropriate design decisions.
Thermal-ADI: a linear-time chip-level dynamic thermal-simulation algorithm based on alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) method
Authors: Ting-Yuan Wang, Charlie Chung-Ping Chen
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2003)

Due to the dramatic increase of clock frequency and integration density, power density and on-chip temperature in high-end very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits rise significantly. To ensure the timing correctness and the reliability of high-end VLSI design, efficient and accurate chip-level transient thermal simulations are of crucial importance. In this paper, we develop and present an efficient transient thermal-simulation algorithm based on the alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) method. Our algorithm, thermal-ADI, not only has a linear run time and memory requirement, but is also unconditionally stable, which ensures that time step is not limited by any stability requirement. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than the traditional thermal-simulation algorithms, but also highly accurate and efficient in memory usage.
Reducing Disk Power Consumption in Servers with DRPM
Authors: Sudhanva Gurumurthi, Anand Sivasubramaniam, Mahmut Kandemir, Hubertus Franke
Venue: Computer (2003)

Although effective techniques exist for tackling disk power for laptops and workstations, applying them in a server environment presents a considerable challenge, especially under stringent performance requirements.The dynamic rotations per minute technique dynamically modulates the hard-disk rotation speed so that the disk can service requests at different RPMs, providing large savings in power consumption with little perturbation in delivered performance.
An Energy Efficient Collaborative Framework for Event Notification in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Shruti Chugh, Sagar Dharia, Dharma P. Agrawal
Venue: Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (2003)

Wireless sensor networks consist of large number of lowpower devices equipped with RF links for communicationthat have several military, civil and environmentalmonitoring applications. The energy constraints due tolimited battery power present numerous designchallenges. In this paper we propose an energy efficient,cluster based framework for collaboration among nodesin a region for reducing the redundancy in reportingevents. Collaboration is done among the exposed nodesusing a localized and deterministic schedule based onTDMA/FDMA MAC. A novel, three phase collaborationscheme is presented to exchange messages fordetermining the local maximum of the confidencemeasure in the two hop cluster neighborhood of the event.This local maximum generates the response for the event,thereby reducing the redundant reporting of the event.Through extensive simulations we have shown that thereis a significant reduction in the overall network trafficthereby, saving energy at the nodes responsible fororiginating response traffic and also at nodes whichhandle the route-through traffic.
Determining the attributes that contribute to satisfaction among marketing students at the university level: an analysis of the traditional/lecture method versus the internet mode of instruction
Authors: Frank Keith Bryant
Venue:  (2003)

Distance education has emerged as an alternative to the traditional method of instruction in higher learning. Many universities are adopting this educational format for several reasons with the increased growth of the non-traditional student being one of them. Since many feel that student learning is one of the primary objectives of an institution of higher learning, there are those who wonder if distance education is a viable method to educate college students. Measuring the level of student satisfaction is one approach that can be used to ascertain the effectiveness of this learning format since students can be considered the &ldquo;customers&rdquo; in this instance. Three attributes, interaction and workload difficulty from the educational psychology literature, and technology, which applies directly with distance education, are identified as the attributes that may contribute to student satisfaction in both an offline and online setting. With the use of disconfirmation theory, one concept that has been used in the past to determine satisfaction, these attributes were applied to find out if there was a difference in the level of satisfaction experienced by students taking marketing courses in a traditional classroom setting and for students taking marketing courses solely online. By using MANOVA, a multivariate statistical technique, it was learned that there was a significant difference between the two modes of instruction with online instruction identified as the most satisfactory mode. Both the degree of interaction and the use of technology were found to be the significant determinants of student satisfaction. Ironically, the same two factors were also the primary determinants of student satisfaction for classroom instruction as well. Also in this study, there was an attempt to discern if there were any differences in student satisfaction in marketing courses experienced between Caucasians and non-White Hispanics. With the use of multiple regression, another multivariate statistical technique, it was determined that use of technology was the factor that contributed most to satisfaction among Caucasians and degree of interaction was the factor that contributed most to satisfaction among non-White Hispanics overall. Based on the results of this study, universities or specifically business colleges within universities may have a better idea of the characteristics in the marketing classroom that are important in fulfilling student expectations thus enhancing student satisfaction. This information may be helpful if used to gain an advantage in the higher education marketplace, a marketplace that has become increasingly competitive.
Low power operating system for heterogeneous wireless communication system
Authors: Suet-Fei Li, Roy Sutton, Jan Rabaey
Venue: Compilers and operating systems for low power (2003)

Operating systems in embedded wireless communication increasingly must satisfy a tight set of constraints, such as power and real time performance, on heterogeneous software and hardware architectures. In this domain, it is well understood that traditional general-purpose operating systems are not efficient or in many cases not sufficient. More efficient solutions are obtained with OS's that are developed to exploit the reactive event-driven nature of the domain and have built-in aggressive power management. As proof, we present a comparison between two OS's that target this embedded domain: one that is general-purpose multi-tasking and another that is event-driven. Preliminary results indicate that the event-driven OS achieves an 8x improvement in performance, 2x and 30x improvement in instruction and data memory requirement, and a 12x reduction in power over its general-purpose counterpart. To achieve further efficiency, we propose extensions to the event-driven OS paradigm to support power management at the system behavior, system architecture, and architecture module level. The proposed novel hybrid approach to system power management combines distributed power control with global monitoring.
Experience in functional-level test generation and fault coverage in a silicon compiler
Authors: Christian Jay
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1990)

During the design cycle of VLSI circuits, test vector generation is often a very time consuming and costly step.Many strategies concerning automatic test pattern generation have been published. Usually they are restrictive and consider the circuit as an undifferentiated mass of gates while ignoring the hierarchy used during the design process. The test vectors so generated are based on the traditional stuck-at-fault model.In this paper, an ATPG methodology is presented which is based on "functional testing" of each block logic and not on testing each gate or net. The methodology is not limited to combinatorial logic or scan-path designs, and here, is applied to datapath circuits composed of functional blocks (such as ALU, etc) and to state machines.
Supporting Model-Based Construction of Semantic-Enabled Web Applications
Authors: Michael Fuchs, Claudia Niederée, Matthias Hemmje, Erich J. Neuhold
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2003)

Semantic annotation of Web content is in the core of the current Semantic Web Activity. The operationalization of the Semantic Web raises the challenge on how to systematicallyintegrate semantic annotations into generated Web application pages.In this paper, we present VizCo, a tool for systematically integrating RDF based semantically enriched application domain models into the process of setting up dynamically generated Web application user interfaces and supporting their evolution. The form-based Web pages are annotated based on the underlying domain model.Combined with further mapping tools, VizCo is used in our Web application development framework for coupling the domain model views and, indirectly, the underlying application data with other Web application components, especially with elements of the user interface. In contrast to a direct coupling with the application data an additional semantic layer is introduced. We follow a pragmatic approach that utilizes domain information extracted from application schemata and data as a starting point. Both the domain model and its coupling to the data source can be manually re.ned and extended. The couplings are dynamically translated into bi-directional data bindings at runtime.
Service -Oriented Computing: Concepts, Characteristics and Directions
Authors: Mike P. Papazoglou
Venue: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (2003)

Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) is the computing paradigm that utilizes services as fundamental elements for developing applications/solutions. To build the service model, SOC relies on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), which is a way of reorganizing software applications and infrastructure into a set of interacting services. However, the basic SOA does not address overarching concerns such as management, service orchestration, service transaction management and coordination, security, and other concerns that apply to all components in a services architecture.In this paper we introduce an Extended Service Oriented Architecture that provides separate tiers for composing and coordinating services and for managing services in an openmarketplace by employing grid services.
Strategies of mapping between gesture data and synthesis model parameters using perceptual spaces
Authors: D. Arfib, J. M. Couturier, L. Kessous, V. Verfaille
Venue: Organised Sound (2002)

This paper is about mapping strategies between gesture data and synthesis model parameters by means of perceptual spaces. We define three layers in the mapping chain: from gesture data to gesture perceptual space, from sound perceptual space to synthesis model parameters, and between the two perceptual spaces. This approach makes the implementation highly modular. Both perceptual spaces are developed and depicted with their features. To get a simple mapping between the gesture perceptual subspace and the sound perceptual subspace, we need to focus our attention on the two other mappings. We explain the mapping types: explicit/implicit, static/dynamic. We also present the technical and aesthetical limits introduced by mapping. Some practical examples are given of the use of perceptual spaces in experiments done at LMA in a musical context. Finally, we discuss several implications of the mapping strategies: the influence of chosen mapping limits onto performers' virtuosity, and the incidence of mapping on the learning process with virtual instruments and on improvisation possibilities.
A moving grid finite element method applied to a model biological pattern generator
Authors: Anotida Madzvamuse, Andrew J. Wathen, Philip K. Maini
Venue: Journal of Computational Physics (2003)

Many problems in biology involve growth. In numerical simulations it can therefore be very convenient to employ a moving computational grid on a continuously deforming domain. In this paper we present a novel application of the moving grid finite element method to compute solutions of reaction-diffusion systems in two-dimensional continuously deforming Euclidean domains. A numerical software package has been developed as a result of this research that is capable of solving generalised Turing models for morphogenesis.
Static Timing Analysis of Irreversible Crosstalk Noise Pulse Faults
Authors: Marong Phadoongsidhi, Kewal K. Saluja
Venue: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design (2004)

In a large scale deep sub-micron VLSI design it is impracticalto consider all possible aggressor-victim pairs ascandidates for crosstalk coupling faults. Inevitably, a significantportion of these crosstalk pairs can be safely discardedfrom a target faultlist. In this paper, we have developeda static timing analysis technique to identify pairswhich can be identified as redundant from crosstalk pointof view. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 and ITC'99benchmark circuits show that our algorithm achieves areasonable level of crosstalk-induced pulse faultlist reductionwithout being unduly demanding on computational resources.
Measurement issues in decision support systems
Authors: William K. Holstein, Jakov Crnkovic
Venue: Business strategies for information technology management (2003)

After a brief discussion on the history of decision-making, this chapter focuses on metrics for justifying investment in information systems and technology and for measuring business and management performance. The discussion of metrics is linked to current practices in decision support systems and focuses on the needs for future systems. With several examples drawn from contemporary practice, we introduce implementation guidelines for DSS development incorporating new metrics that go beyond ROI and Balanced Scorecard-like measures. Suggested guidelines include simplicity, selectivity, a focus on research and learning, and benchmarking. These guidelines suggest that future metrics to support decision support systems should be grouped into meaningful categories and tied more closely to system architecture.
Developing an XML framework for metadata system
Authors: Ruey-Shun Chen, Shien-Chiang Yu
Venue: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Information and communication technologies (2003)

Metadata is the media to describe the management and storing of kind of knowledge and well-preserved objects. Thus, with the compatibility of all various metadata, we can integrate related knowledge and with unification and management of information system. This paper introduces a system using the XML framework to be compatible with various metadata schemas, using the DTDs of XML to define the system schema structure, allowing more than one DTDs to exist. Therefore, it meets the demand of processing multi different types of co-existing metadata. And, through the definition of accessing points connection and consistent inquiry function, the system make it possible to inquire different types of metadata. More importantly, the metadata will be easily accessed by other systems.
Performance evaluation of harmonics detection methods applied to harmonics compensation in presence of common power quality problems
Authors: Sanae Rechka, Éloi Ngandui, Jianhong Xu, Pierre Sicard
Venue: Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (2003)

Harmonics estimation methods are analyzed in presence of different power quality problems, namely voltage sags, voltage unbalance, voltage distortion and variations of power supply frequency. The harmonics detection algorithms are based on the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the recursive discrete Fourier transform (RDFT) and the Kalman filtering (KF) approach. Simulation results obtained with Matlab/Simulink/Power System Blockset are presented to compare their performance in term of precision and transient response and for harmonics compensation by a active power filter.
Multimodal Image Registration Using a Variational Approach
Authors: Stefan Henn, Kristian Witsch
Venue: SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (2003)

This paper presents an approach to obtain a deformation which matches two images acquired from different medical imaging modalities. This problem arises in the investigation of human brains. Two distance functionals for the images are proposed with different pros and cons. These functionals are to be minimized. We add a smoothing term to the minimization problem which retains certain desired elastic features in the solution. At each minimization step an approximate solution for the linearized problem is computed with a multigrid method as an inner iteration. Furthermore, we use a multiresolution minimization approach to obtain a suitable initial guess. Finally, we present some experimental results for registration problems of synthetic images and for a real computer tomography (CT)--magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) registration.
Estimation of 3D shape and reflectance using multiple moir&eacute; images and shading model
Authors: Shoichi Naganuma, Norio Tagawa, Akihiro Minagawa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing (2003)

We consider a method of determining the shape of object and the reflectance of its surface simultaneously using the Moir&eacute; technique and shape from shading. If the object surface has multiple reflectance, it must be classified to different reflectance. This classification is formulated as a simple clustering problem. By applying expectation-maximization(EM) algorithm, shape and reflectance can be estimated, and classification can be performed. However, as the relationship between the position of the light source and the gradient of the object surface gives rise to ambiguities in the reflectance, classification may fail. To solve this problem, we capture multiple Moir&eacute; images and propose a method of estimation using these images. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed by results obtained from simulation and real image experiments.
Charge transport mechanisms and photoconductivity of nanoporous granular CdS-CdSe
Authors: I. A. Ryzhikov, A. L. Rakhmanov, Y. V. Trofimov
Venue: Microelectronic Engineering (2003)

The photoconductivity of the CdS-CdSe granular system in the temperature range 20-120°C was measured. It was observed that, for the studied samples, the photoconductivity steeply decreases with temperature and has a significant hysteresis. The obtained features of the photoconductivity behavior are interpreted qualitatively accounting for the nanopores existing in the studied samples.
Design management within a design environment
Authors: Petra Drescher, Julia Miller, Gerhard Schulz
Venue: Proceedings of the conference on European design automation (1990)

Management of the diverse design tools and design data used during the design process necessitates the use of a design environment with integrated design management capabilities. In this paper, we discuss design management requirements and present an approach for their realization within an integrated design environment. Further, we show the Cadlab Workstation Design Environment as validation of the realization approach.