ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
A radial-basis-function mixture model for automatic determination of fuzzy membership functions used in thresholding of medical imagery
Authors: Ioannis M. Stephanakis, George C. Anastassopoulos
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Systems (2005)

Fuzzy methods provide a versatile means in the processing of digitized medical images. Fuzzy thresholding is considered to have certain advantages over crisp thresholding since it allows for better blending of different image segments and facilitates segment dependent weighted application of consequent processing methods. A novel methodology is proposed in the context of this paper. It exploits the morphology of the histogram of digital intra-operative cholangiography images in order to determine the fuzzy membership functions associated with various image segments. Guidelines are provided in order to determine the number of different segments as well as the threshold values between the segments. The method models the gray-level histogram of the images as a mixture of Radial Basis Functions (RBFs), which are consequently used to yield the fuzzy membership functions as kernel regression estimates. The proposed method compares favorably against standard fuzzy thresholding methods that minimize a measure of fuzziness of the histogram of an image like Shannon's entropy and Yager's measure. It allows for histogram compensation of non-uniformly exposed medical images acquired by mobile equipment so that useful diagnostic information may be derived from them.
A complete and novel sensorless method for rotor position sensing in switched reluctance motor drives
Authors: E. Afjei, M. M. Nezamabadi, A. Javeh
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Circuits (2005)

This paper presents a complete and novel method which is designed to detect the rotor position at standstill and also low speeds in switched reluctance motor. The method applies a high frequency sine wave signal to the three successive stator pole windings and then looks at the induced signals on the opposite pole windings to detect the rotor position at standstill. It then continues to sense the rotor position while the motor running by applying the same signal to the half of the un-energized phase winding and sensing the rotor position from the induced signal in the opposite half of that phase winding. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the method.
A prototype design for DRM based credit card transaction in E-commerce
Authors: Sanjay Banerjee, Sunil Karforma
Venue: Ubiquity (2008)

In E-Commerce credit cards gained popularity as a sophisticated payment mechanism. With the increase in credit card use on web, credit card fraud has gone up dramatically. Which cause customer's inconvenience and for merchant, loss of customers. To combat credit card fraud and to regain the customer's trust an attempt is made here to design a trust based payment system, in which the customer does not need to disclose his/her credit card number during the transaction, and hence they can feel safe. In this newly proposed system on behalf of the customer the bank or the issuer of the credit card is involved to perform the transaction. This is basically done by generating a single use 'token' by the bank which includes information about the customer, merchant, product, payment amount, date of issue and date of expiry etc. and thereafter wrapped as a DRM package. Among various advantages, one is that only the intended user and the specified application software can open the DRM package using special key. The application, thereafter, will take care of the rights imposed on the 'token' and expires itself after the single use. We have tried an attempt to use UML to design the model of such system, which is the recent trend of software engineering practice.
Design and Analysis of a High Sensitive Microcantilever Biosensor for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mohd. Zahid Ansari, Chongdu Cho
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

Although becoming popular in label-free, rapid, and real-time assaying of biomolecules, the sensitivity of microcantilever biosensors decrease as the concentration of analytes decrease. The sensitivity of a microcantilever biosensor depends on its deflection that occurs due to interaction between the analyte and its bioreceptor molecule. Therefore, designing a cantilever biosensor which can assay analytes in low concentrations is important. In this study, we propose a new cantilever design that can detect and measure analytes in extremely low concentrations. By introducing a narrow strip towards the fixed end of the rectangular cantilever, we can reduce cantilever flexural stiffness and hence increase the deflections at its free end. A commercial finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to analyze and verify the proposed model. Results show the proposed cantilever bends nearly twice the conventional for same surface stress. This high sensitive design can significantly increase the sensitivity and range of cantilever biosensors. Furthermore, using a combination of conventional and proposed cantilevers array on same chip, a universal microcantilever biosensor can be designed that can assay analytes in large dynamic concentration range.
Recovering a website's server components from the web infrastructure
Authors: Frank McCown, Michael L. Nelson
Venue: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries (2008)

Our previous research has shown that the collective behavior of search engine caches (e.g., Google, Yahoo, Live Search) and web archives (e.g., Internet Archive) results in the uncoordinated but large-scale refreshing and migrating of web resources. Interacting with these caches and archives, which we call the Web Infrastructure (WI), allows entire websites to be reconstructed in an approach we call lazy preservation. Unfortunately, the WI only captures the client-side view of a web resource. While this may be useful for recovering much of the content of a website, it is not helpful for restoring the scripts, web server configuration, databases, and other server-side components responsible for the construction of the website's resources. This paper proposes a novel technique for storing and recovering the server-side components of a website from the WI. Using erasure codes to embed the server-side components as HTML comments throughout the website, we can effectively reconstruct all the server components of a website when only a portion of the client-side resources have been extracted from the WI. We present the results of a preliminary study that baselines the lazy preservation of ten EPrints repositories and then examines the preservation of an EPrints repository that uses the erasure code technique to store the server-side EPrints software throughout the website. We found nearly 100% of the EPrints components were recoverable from the WI just two weeks after the repository came online, and it remained recoverable four months after it was "lost".
Sales and Use Taxation in E-Commerce: Where We Are and What Needs to be Done
Authors: Ian J. Redpath,  Esq, Eric M. Redpath, Kathleen Ryan
Venue: Information Systems Management (2007)

As sales through the Internet have increased, states have sought to force remote sellers to collect and remit sales/use taxes. In response to the U.S. Supreme Court's Constitutional obstacles, the Streamlined Sales Tax Project (SSTP) was organized in 2000. SSTP is a voluntary effort by a number of states to address the Constitutional problems and reduce the burden of sales tax administration for all sellers in all types of commerce. This article examines the current state of the law and the major problems surrounding the SSTP.
A security architecture for active networks
Authors: Rohan De Silva
Venue: Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications (2004)

One of the impediments in deploying active networks is its lack of support for security. In overlay type of active networks, required security is provided by sand boxing in Java. However, in the active networking approach where packets are processed in the network layer, there is only little support for security. This paper presents a new method of providing security using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). It can be also used with the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) of the IP Security (IPSec) protocol.
Evolutionary composition of music with learned melody evaluation
Authors: Roman Klinger, Günter Rudolph
Venue: Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Man-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (2006)

We describe our approach for the automatic composition of monophone melodies on a user given chord sequence. For this purpose we use evolutionary algorithms for the music generation with automatically learned classifiers next to interactive evaluation as fitness functions.
Improving service delivery through integrated quality initiatives: a case study
Authors: J. Hickey, Jane Siegel
Venue: IBM Systems Journal (2008)

Providers of highly reliable information technology (IT) services have historically adopted multiple service delivery quality standards and have obtained certificates of registration or certification associated with these standards. In this paper, we present a case study involving a provider of IT infrastructure services and solutions. We describe the business context of the service provider, its approach to the analysis of the requirements of multiple standards, process integration efforts (both local and global), and the reuse of documentation and other evidentiary data in the context of obtaining certificates of registration or certifications. We compare the evidentiary data (e.g., documentation, observations, and interviews) used in the diagnostics of the International Standards Organization 9001:2000 standard and the eSourcing Capability Model for Service Providers standard to evaluate the unique value that each standard contributes to IT service delivery. The case study also provides initial examples of measures resulting from the adoption of these two quality standards that may be used to improve service delivery.
Resource-Cost Analysis for Massively Multiplayer Online Games
Authors: Zheng D. Wu
Venue: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops (2008)

In this paper, an approach for modelling and analysis of Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) is proposed. By using our models, based on Markov process and Queuing Theory, we can investigate the impact of various factors, such as game types, the number of players, the intensity of players or NCPs interaction, the number of regions in a game world, avatar region-transition rate, and network configuration, on the system performance. A number of resource-cost functions are defined, which map the system resource consumed to the cost during a game play. We choose the federated peer-to-peer architecture as a target for this study, since it is a typical and potential architecture proposed recently and attracting more attention.
Text summarization of XML documents in croatian
Authors: Nives Mikelic Preradovic, Tomislava Lauc, Damir Boras
Venue: Proceedings of the 2nd WSEAS International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications (2008)

The paper describes automatic summarization of the XML documents in Croatian language. The goal of the summarizer is to generate extracts with high percent of extract-worthiness and similarity to the author's abstract. Our research shows that extracts generated using our algorithm are well formed, but it also shows that algorithm is very domain dependant. The research brought us to conclusion that we should develop the implementation of the Porter's stemming algorithm in order to improve the text summarization for Croatian language, which is currently at an early stage of development.
Perfect Parallel Repetition Theorem for Quantum Xor Proof Systems
Authors: Richard Cleve, William Slofstra, Falk Unger, Sarvagya Upadhyay
Venue: Computational Complexity (2008)

We consider a class of two-prover interactive proof systems where each prover returns a single bit to the verifier and the verifier's verdict is a function of the XOR of the two bits received. We show that, when the provers are allowed to coordinate their behavior using a shared entangled quantum state, a perfect parallel repetition theorem holds in the following sense. The prover's optimal success probability for simultaneously playing a collection of XOR proof systems is exactly the product of the individual optimal success probabilities. This property is remarkable in view of the fact that, in the classical case (where the provers can only utilize classical information), it does not hold. The theorem is proved by analyzing parities of XOR proof systems using semidefinite programming techniques, which we then relate to parallel repetitions of XOR games via Fourier analysis.
Learning query intent from regularized click graphs
Authors: Xiao Li, Ye-Yi Wang, Alex Acero
Venue: Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (2008)

This work presents the use of click graphs in improving query intent classifiers, which are critical if vertical search and general-purpose search services are to be offered in a unified user interface. Previous works on query classification have primarily focused on improving feature representation of queries, e.g., by augmenting queries with search engine results. In this work, we investigate a completely orthogonal approach --- instead of enriching feature representation, we aim at drastically increasing the amounts of training data by semi-supervised learning with click graphs. Specifically, we infer class memberships of unlabeled queries from those of labeled ones according to their proximities in a click graph. Moreover, we regularize the learning with click graphs by content-based classification to avoid propagating erroneous labels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms in two different applications, product intent and job intent classification. In both cases, we expand the training data with automatically labeled queries by over two orders of magnitude, leading to significant improvements in classification performance. An additional finding is that with a large amount of training data obtained in this fashion, classifiers using only query words/phrases as features can work remarkably well.
GIS driven internet multimedia databases for multiple archaeological excavations in greece and the region of south-eastern Europe
Authors: Michael Gkatzogias, Athanasios Karamalis, Konstantinos Pyrinis, Dionysios Politis
Venue: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Systems (2005)

Considering the problems in archaeological data recording and analysis, the Department of Informatics of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) in collaboration with AUTh's Department of History and Archaeology in the framework of the SOCRATES-MINERVA SEEArch Web project has developed a system for recording multiple excavations driven by GIS services, based on a flexible multimedia database. The system provides all its services over the Internet. Its innovation lies in the fact that it is promoting a generic template supporting data from different excavations while older implementations were custom made for the specific method implemented in each excavation. Emphasis is also given to the development of instructional models organizing the existing educational resources of the system.
Multi-temporal assessment of selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon using Landsat data
Authors: E. A. T. Matricardi, D. L. Skole, M. A. Cochrane, M. Pedlowski, W. Chomentowski
Venue: International Journal of Remote Sensing (2007)

Large-scale selective logging is a relatively new activity in the Amazon and its full consequences have yet to be evaluated. Impacts by selective logging alone have been estimated to increase approximately 4-7% of the annual carbon release from deforestation. In this research, visual interpretation and semi-automated remote sensing techniques were applied to identify and map areas of selective logging in tropical terra firme (upland) forests together with the correlated multi-annual measurement results for 1992, 1996, and 1999, for the Brazilian Amazon. The research results indicate that selective logging is rapidly increasing in both intensity (regional) and area (basin-wide). By 1992, at least 5980 km2 of forest had been logged. During the 1992-1996 and 1996-1999 periods the area impacted expanded by an additional 10 064 km2, and 26 085 km2, respectively. Selective logging within protected areas increased more than twofold between 1992 and 1996, and more than fivefold between 1996 and 1999 in that region. We also estimated that at least 3689 km2 had been actively logged in 1992, an additional 5107 km2, and 11 638 km2, had been logged in 1996 and 1999, and at least 10% of total logged forests detected in 1999 were previously logged in the period of analysis.
Study on EEG Time Series Based on Duffing Equation
Authors: Ye Yuan, Yue Li
Venue: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 02 (2008)

Duffing equation is used in this paper to study EEG time series. Duffing equation has some special characters, such as sensitivity to weak periodic signals and immunity to some degree of random noise. Normal and epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can lead Duffing equation to show different phase states, which is utilized for epileptic seizure characterization in this paper. The results on raw EEG time series illustrate the applicability of the proposed Duffing equation based method.
A Simple Algorithm for Computing the Lempel Ziv Factorization
Authors: Maxime Crochemore, Lucian Ilie, W. F. Smyth
Venue: Proceedings of the Data Compression Conference (2008)

We give a space-efficient simple algorithm for computing the Lempel--Ziv factorization of a string. For a string of length n over an integer alphabet, it runs in O(n) time independently of alphabet size and uses o(n) additional space.
Concurrent error detection for finite state machines implemented with embedded memory blocks of SRAM-based FPGAs
Authors: Andrzej Krasniewski
Venue: Microprocessors Microsystems (2008)

We propose a cost-efficient concurrent error detection (CED) scheme for finite state machines (FSMs) designed for implementation with embedded memory blocks (EMBs) available in today's SRAM-based FPGAs. The proposed scheme is proven to detect each permanent or transient fault associated with a single input or output of any component of the circuit that results in its incorrect state or output. The experimental results obtained using our proprietary FSM synthesis tool show that despite the heterogeneous structure of the proposed CED scheme, the overhead is very low. For the examined benchmark circuits, the circuitry overhead in terms of extra EMBs is in the range of 6.3-56.3%, with an average value of 27.2%, whereas the combined overhead (EMBs and logic cells) calculated under pessimistic assumptions is in the range of 20.7-63.8%, with an average value of 32.2%. This compares favorably with the earlier proposed solutions applicable to conventional FSM designs based on gates and flip-flops for which an overhead exceeding 100% is quite typical.
A 3D-CAM system for quick prototyping and microfabrication using excimer laser micromachining
Authors: Emir Mutapcic, Pio Iovenitti, Jason P. Hayes
Venue: Microsystem Technologies (2005)

A 3D CAM tool for rapid prototyping and small-scale production of MEMS devices based on excimer laser ablation process has been developed. The system&#x2019;s algorithms use the 3D geometry of a microstructure, defined in a CAD model, and parameters that influence the process (etch rate, wall angle, stitching errors, etc.) to automatically generate a precise NC part program for the excimer laser machine. The performance of the system has been verified by NC part program generation for several 3D microstructures and subsequent machining trials. Stitching errors of 23.4&#x00b1;2.2&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m wide and 3.4&#x00b1;1.5&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m height were observed when overlap size between adjacent volumes were zero, when ablating 100&#x00d7;100&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m features in PC at fluence of 0.9&#x00a0;J/cm2 using a workpiece dragging technique. When the size of the overlap was optimised by software based on optimal process parameters determined by Taguchi design of experiment method (DOE) and incorporated in the mask design the maximum stitching errors are reduced to 13.4&#x00b1;2.2&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m wide and 1.4&#x00b1;0.9&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m in height under the same conditions. Employing the hexagonal shaped mask with incorporated size of the image overlap, horizontal-stitching errors with width of 2.4&#x00b1;0.2&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m wide and 1.4&#x00b1;0.2&#x00a0;&#x03bc;m high were observed. The software simplifies part program creation and is useful for excimer laser operators who currently use a tedious trial and error process to generate microstructure parts.
Digital CS1 study pack based on Moodle and Python
Authors: Atanas Radenski
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education (2008)

We believe that CS1 courses can be made more attractive to students: by teaching a highly interactive scripting language - Python by using an open source course management system - such as Moodle - to make all course resources available in a comprehensive digital study pack, and by offering detailed self-guided online labs. We have used Moodle [1] and Python [2] to develop a "Python First" digital study pack [3] which comprises a wealth of new, original learning modules: extensive e-texts, detailed self-guided labs, numerous sample programs, quizzes, and slides. Our digital study pack pedagogy is described in recent ITiCSE and SIGCSE papers [4, 5]. "Python First" digital packs instances have already been adopted by instructors at several universities. This demonstration reveals instructor and student perspectives to the "Python First" digital pack. In particular, we demonstrate how instructors can use standard Moodle functionality to customize and manage digital packs. We also demonstrate several Moodle-supported, Python-based self-guided labs.
Self-Configuring User-Centric Communication Services
Authors: Andrew A. Allen, Sean Leslie, Yali Wu, Peter J. Clarke, Ricardo Tirado
Venue: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Systems (2008)

The functionality of communication applications, such as instant messaging, has dramatically improved due to market competition. The quest for the competitive edge has resulted in the development of open platform APIs that allow communication applications to become building blocks, or communication frameworks for more elaborate communication applications. The services available through these different communication frameworks can however be quite dissimilar, as revealed from a survey of some of these frameworks. In this paper we propose an architecture that utilizes multiple communication frameworks and the autonomic computing capability of self-configuration of these frameworks. This architecture extends Network Communication Broker (NCB) which is the layer of the Communication Virtual Machine (CVM) that interacts with the underlying communication networks. We provide a detailed design of the proposed architecture and show how a communication scenario can be realized using a prototype of the NCB.