ppxscal/embedding_network huggingface dataset:
BalloonProbe: reducing occlusion in 3D using interactive space distortion
Authors: Niklas Elmqvist
Venue: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2005)

Using a 3D virtual environment for information visualization is a promising approach, but can in many cases be plagued by a phenomenon of literally not being able to see the forest for the trees. Some parts of the 3D visualization will inevitably occlude other parts, leading both to loss of efficiency and, more seriously, correctness; users may have to change their viewpoint in a non-trivial way to be able to access hidden objects, and, worse, they may not even discover some of the objects in the visualization due to this inter-object occlusion. In this paper, we present a space distortion interaction technique called the BalloonProbe which, on the user's command, inflates a spherical force field that repels objects around the 3D cursor to the surface of the sphere, separating occluding objects from each other. Inflating and deflating the sphere is performed through smooth animation, ghosted traces showing the displacement of each repelled object. Our prototype implementation uses a 3D cursor for positioning as well as for inflating and deflating the force field ``balloon''. Informal testing suggests that the BalloonProbe is a powerful way of giving users interactive control over occlusion in 3D visualizations.
Optimizing Event Distribution in Publish/Subscribe Systems in the Presence of Policy-Constraints and Composite Events
Authors: Weifeng Chen, Jim Kurose, Don Towsley, Zihui Ge
Venue: Proceedings of the 13TH IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (2005)

In the publish/subscribe paradigm, information is disseminated from publishers to subscribers that are interested in receiving the information. In practice, information dissemination is often restricted by policy constraints due to concerns such as security or confidentiality agreement. Meanwhile, to avoid overwhelming subscribers by the vast amount of primitive information, primitive pieces of information can be combined at so-called brokers in the network, a process called composition. Information composition provides subscribers the desirable ability to express interests in an efficiently selective way. In this paper, we formulate the Min-Cost event distribution problem in pub/sub systems with policy constraints and information composition. Our goal is to minimize the total cost of event transmission while satisfying policy constraints and enabling information composition. This optimization problem is shown to be NP-complete. Our simulation study shows that our heuristics work efficiently, especially in a policy-constrained system. We also find that by increasing the number of broker nodes in a pub/sub system, we are able to reduce the total cost of event delivery.
A model of soft error e.ects in generic IP processors
Authors: C. Bolchini, A. Miele, F. Salice, D. Sciuto
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems (2005)

When designing reliability-aware digital circuits, either hardware or software techniques may be adopted to provide a certain degree of failure detection/tolerance, caused by either hardware faults or soft-errors. These techniques are quite well established when working at a low abstraction level, whereas are currently under investigation when moving to higher abstraction levels, in order to cope with the increasing complexity of the systems being designed. This paper presents a model of soft error effects to be adopted when defining software-only techniques to achieve fault detection capabilities. The work identifies on a generic IP processor the misbehaviors caused by soft errors, classifies and analyzes them with respect to the possibility of detecting them by means of previously published approaches. An experimental validation of the proposed model is carried out on the Leon2 processor.
On using delay predictors in controlling force-reflecting teleoperation over the internet
Authors: Tissaphern Mirfakhrai, Shahram Payandeh
Venue: Robotica (2005)

Using the notation of the wave variables, this paper introduces an autoregressive predictor, which forecasts the future values of the delay based on its previous values. Using this new knowledge, the teleoperation control system can be tuned to achieve a better and more practical performance. The validity of this modeling is first verified by actual experiments and then the results are used in simulated teleoperations.
Power Reduction Technique Using Multi-vt Libraries
Authors: Meeta Srivastav, S. S. S. P. Rao, Himanshu Bhatnagar
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

In DSM technology leakage power dissipation in a cell becomes significant. Due to this significant rise in leakage power some measures should be taken quite early in the design flow to reduce it rather than realizing it later and either increasing the time to market by increasing the number of iterations or increasing the cost of production by using costly packaging. We have explored various ways of reducing leakage power in the design and recommended one, the Multi-Vt approach. We have carried out analysis using Multi-Vt approach over a test design on 130nm and 90nm technology. We have also highlighted on ways of how and where to apply this approach effectively in a typical ASIC design flow. We compare our results with all other approaches and demonstrate an average reduction in leakage power by almost 4.9 times compared to normal approaches without paying any penalty for speed or even area.
Visual data mining of genomic databases by immersive graph-based exploration
Authors: N. Férey, P. E. Gros, J. Hérisson, R. Gherbi
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia (2005)

Biologists are leading current research on genome characterization (sequencing, alignment, transcription), providing a huge quantity of raw data about many genome organisms. Extracting knowledge from this raw data is an important process for biologists, using usually data mining approaches. However, it is difficult to deals with these genomic information using actual bioinformatics data mining tools, because data are heterogeneous, huge in quantity and geographically distributed. In this paper, we present a new approach between data mining and virtual reality visualization, called visual data mining. Indeed Virtual Reality becomes ripe, with efficient display devices and intuitive interaction in an immersive context. Moreover, biologists use to work with 3D representation of their molecules, but in a desktop context. We present a software solution, Genome3DExplorer, which addresses the problem of genomic data visualization, of scene management and interaction. This solution is based on a well-adapted graphical and interaction paradigm, where local and global topological characteristics of data are easily visible, on the contrary to traditional genomic database browsers, always focused on the zoom and details level.
An Adaptive Grouping Scheme in Collaborative Virtual Environment Systems
Authors: Zhengjun Zhai, Xiaomei Hu, Xiaobin Cai
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Cyberworlds (2005)

Collaborative virtual environment (CVE) systems support many users to share a virtual world and to do collaborative work and entities exchange information on network by sending messages to maintain the consistency of the systems. To maintain the scalability, interest management is usually adopted in designing a large-scale CVE system. Entities in the CVE system are divided into groups and each entity only sends updates to the entities that are interested in it in order to reduce network traffic. This paper describes several grouping strategies: entity-based grouping and cellbased grouping and proposes an adaptive grouping scheme based on template matching for the tradeoff of reducing the superfluous messages and the cost of maintaining groups in order to minimize the overhead of grouping. The simulation results show that the scheme is fit for the implementation of a cost-effective and high performance CVE system.
Data mining and cross-checking of execution traces: a re-interpretation of Jones, Harrold and Stasko test information
Authors: Tristan Denmat, Mireille Ducassé, Olivier Ridoux
Venue: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering (2005)

The current trend in debugging and testing is to cross-check information collected during several executions. Jones et al., for example, propose to use the instruction coverage of passing and failing runs in order to visualize suspicious statements. This seems promising but lacks a formal justification. In this paper, we show that the method of Jones et al. can be re-interpreted as a data mining procedure. More particularly, they define an indicator which characterizes association rules between data. With this formal framework we are able to explain intrinsic limitations of the above indicator.
Traversable Region Modeling for Outdoor Navigation
Authors: Cristina Castejón, Beatriz L. Boada, Dolores Blanco, Luis Moreno
Venue: Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems (2005)

This article presents a new methodology to build, in real-time, compact local and global maps for outdoor navigation. The environment information is obtained from a 3D laser range. The navigation model, called Traversable Regions Model (TRM), is based on Voronoi diagram technique but adapted to large outdoor environments, that is, the model is built from 3D data. In the manuscript we also present a novel contribution to the regions modeling field in robotics. The method allows to calculate the roughness degree of an unknown terrain based on the normal vector deviation. The parameter which measure the roughness degree is called spherical variance and it will be useful to determine the traversable areas. The model built allows defining safe trajectories depending on the robot's capabilities and the terrain properties and will represent, in a topo-geometric way, the environment as local and global maps. The methodology presented is validated in real outdoor environments with an outdoor robot developed in our lab, called $$\mathcal{G}\mathcal{O}\mathcal{L}\mathcal{I}\mathcal{A}\mathcal{T}$$ .
Toward Systemically Secure IT Architectures
Authors: Glenn M. Brunette, Christoph L. Schuba
Venue: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprise (2005)

This paper addresses the need for strong security guarantees in increasingly dynamic and flexible information technology (IT) environments. It applies time-tested security principles, architectural patterns, and continuous improvement constructs to weave security controls and assurances more systemically into an IT environment. Using a building block approach and a focus on iterative refinement, organizations can transform their existing legacy deployments into resilient architectures that meet not only their security, privacy, and compliance needs, but also satisfy business goals such as increased agility, flexibility, efficiency, and availability.
Minimum-Energy Data Dissemination in Coordination-Based Sensor Networks
Authors: Hung Le Xuan, Dae Hong Seo, Sungyoung Lee, Young-Koo Lee
Venue: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (2005)

Recent years, many efficient data dissemination protocols for mobile sinks in large scale sensor networks are currently under developed by researchers. In this paper we propose CODE, a COordination-based data Dissemination protocol for wireless sEnsor networks. CODE relies on grid structure and GAF protocol to achieve better energy consumption by establishing an efficient data dissemination path and turning off unnecessary nodes. Our simulation results show that CODE achieves more energy efficient and longer networks life time compared with other approaches while still handling efficient data delivery to mobile sinks.
System-on-Chip Design beyond 50 GHz, invited
Authors: S. P. Voinigescu, M. Gordon, C. Lee, T. Yao, A. Mangan, K. Yau
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications (2005)

Candidate topologies and design methodologies for millimeter-wave IC building blocks such as LNAs, mixers, VCOs, and power amplifiers are discussed and recent experimental results obtained in SiGe BiCMOS and 90-nm RF CMOS technologies using inductors and transformers above 50 GHz are presented.
Solution for Hybrid Bandwidth Variation in Wireless Video Environments
Authors: Zhi-gang Li, Zhao-yang Zhang, Biao Wu, Ying Zhang
Venue: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Commerce and Services (2005)

With the development of broadband wireless networks, high efficiency of wireless video transmission has been received increasingly greater attentions than before. One should settle the problems of high-compression efficiency and that of adaptation to the random variation of transmission bandwidth, as well as a network friendly design, in wireless environments. SP(Synchronization-Predictive) frame, which enables high efficiency of switching between two or more bitstreams with different qualities, is supported by H.264/AVC Extended Profile suitable for mobile services. On the other hand, FGS(Fine-Granular-Scalability), which can always adapt to the network bandwidth varying but with some sacrifice of coding efficiency, is supported by MPEG-4. This paper proposes a solution for combination these two tools with each other so as to accommodate high bandwidth variations of wireless networks and low bandwidth variations flexibly for transmitted streams. Moreover, it also improves the efficiency of video streaming. Experimental results show that our proposed system outperforms FGS by 0.76dB and the H.264/AVC-based video stream switching approach by 0.51dB on average under 3GPP /3GPP2 wireless common test conditions.
Facilitating interaction with large displays in smart spaces
Authors: Xiaojun Bi, Yuanchun Shi, Xiaojie Chen, Peifeng Xiang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2005 joint conference on Smart objects and ambient intelligence: innovative context-aware services: usages and technologies (2005)

Large displays are widely equipped in Smart Spaces these days. However, traditional interaction devices which are designed to suit desktop screen, such as mice, keyboards, have various limitations in such environments. In this paper, we present a novel human-computer interaction system, known as the CollabPointer, for facilitating interaction with large displays in Smart Spaces. A laser pointer integrated with three additional buttons and wireless communication modules is induced as input device in our system and three features distinguish the CollabPointer, from other interaction technologies.First, the coordinates of the red laser point on the screen emitted by the laser pointer are interpreted as the cursor's position and the additional buttons on it wirelessly emulate a mouse's buttons through radio frequency. It enables remote interaction at any distance.Second, when multiple users are interacting, with two-steps associating methods described in this paper, our system can identify different laser pointers and support multi-user collaboration.Last but not least, the laser pointer emits its identity through radio frequency during interaction. The system receives it and treats different users separately.In the end, the CollabPointer, has been implemented in the Smart Classroom [1]- a prototype of Smart Space, and the results of user studies show the benefit of it.
Designing Visualization Capabilities for IDS Challenges
Authors: Robert F. Erbacher, Kim Christensen, Amanda Sundberg
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshops on Visualization for Computer Security (2005)

This paper describes our work to develop an environment and novel visualization techniques for the visual representation, exploration, and analysis of network traffic data to ease the identification and analysis of sophisticated attacks above and beyond the ability for traditional network firewalls to detect and block. The visualization techniques are geared towards aiding analysts in filtering unwanted or unneeded data in favor of data deemed more critical and more representative of the sophisticated attacks the analysts must focus their attention on. The environment provides the needed capabilities for analyzing traditional network traffic data without additional filtering, i.e., the environment itself provides the needed capabilities
POEtic-cubes: acquisition of new qualia through apperception using a bio-inspired electronic tissue
Authors: Raquel Paricio, J. Manuel Moreno
Venue: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia (2005)

In this paper we shall present the research process towards an artistic installation, called POEtic-Cubes, that is constituted by nine autonomous robots monitored by the POEtic electronic tissue (bio-inspired hardware with adaptive features). The main goal of our research is to approach the processes involved in the acquisition of new qualia, so that the installation is being conceived for this purpose. The installation mimics the cellular behavior during the mitosis and the genotype to phenotype mapping processes, being these in charge of managing the development and the adaptation of an individual to the environment. We relate this adaptation principle, a fundamental step in the evolutionary growth of the species, to the evolutionary process of human consciousness, and we concentrate in its apperception mechanism that is used to generate new qualia.
Software Construction, Part 1
Authors: Steve McConnell
Venue: IEEE Software (2006)

This is the first installment of a software engineering glossary of software construction terminology.
Ethnocomputing: ICT in cultural and social context
Authors: Matti Tedre, Erkki Sutinen, Esko Kähkönen, Piet Kommers
Venue: Communications of the ACM (2006)

Although culture has recently been recognized as one factor in interface design, CS and engineering are generally thought to be culturally neutral. The approach presented here recognizes society and culture in computational concepts and applications.
First- and second-year k--12 teachers' computer self efficacy beliefs and level of technology implementation
Authors: Sue Talley
Venue:  (2004)

This study describes the demographic characteristics, computer self efficacy beliefs and levels of technology implementation of a group of beginning teachers and support providers participating in a K&ndash;12 teacher induction program during the 2003&ndash;2004 school year. This study also describes the relationships between variables that the literature indicated may influence teachers' use of technology. Because little had been published concerning the effect recent changes to the technology requirements in teacher education programs and teacher credentialing were having on the technology practices of beginning teachers, the researcher proposed a non-experimental study to examine the effect these changes were having on the computer self efficacy beliefs and levels of technology implementation of the beginning teachers. The researcher selected the Computer Self Efficacy Scale and the Level of Technology Implementation questionnaire to measure the computer self efficacy beliefs and levels of technology implementation of a group of beginning teachers and their support providers. The data collected describe the beginning teachers' computer self efficacy beliefs and levels of technology implementation. The data also provided the opportunity to examine the relationships between demographic variables, computer self efficacy beliefs and levels of technology implementation. Data analysis indicated the beginning teachers who volunteered for this study scored below the national averages on the Levels of Technology Implementation questionnaire. The median Lori score for the subjects in the study was 1.5; the median national Lori score was 2. Additional data analysis indicated that there is no significant correlation between all beginning teachers' computer self efficacy beliefs and their level of technology implementation. When the beginning teachers were separated into 2 groups, 1st and 2 nd teachers, a significant relationship between the 1st year teachers' computer self efficacy beliefs and their level of technology implementation level (r = .58, p < .01) was discovered. The researcher identified that additional research is needed in the area related to the relationship between the mentor and protege and how the relationship between mentor and protege affects computer technology implementation in the classroom. Additionally, the idea of collective efficacy and the impact the school culture has on determining teachers' use of technology requires further exploration.
Strengthening Software Self-Checksumming via Self-Modifying Code
Authors: Jonathon T. Giffin, Mihai Christodorescu, Louis Kruger
Venue: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (2005)

Recent research has proposed self-checksumming as a method by which a program can detect any possibly malicious modification to its code. Wurster et al. developed an attack against such programs that renders code modifications undetectable to any self-checksumming routine. The attack replicated pages of program text and altered values in hardware data structures so that data reads and instruction fetches retrieved values from differentmemory pages. A cornerstone of their attack was its applicability to a variety of commodity hardware: they could alter memory accesses using only a malicious operating system. In this paper, we show that their page-replication attack can be detected by self-checksumming programs with self-modifying code. Our detection is efficient, adding less than 1 microsecond to each checksum computation in our experiments on three processor families, and is robust up to attacks using either costly interpretive emulation or specialized hardware.
Mining Patterns That Respond to Actions
Authors: Yuelong Jiang, Ke Wang, Alexander Tuzhilin, Ada Wai-Chee Fu
Venue: Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (2005)

Data mining focuses on patterns that summarize the data. In this paper, we focus on mining patterns that could change the state by responding to opportunities of actions.
Distributed collaboration for event detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: A V U Phani Kumar, Adi Mallikarjuna Reddy V, D. Janakiram
Venue: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Middleware for pervasive and ad-hoc computing (2005)

With the advancement of technology in micro-electronics and wireless communication, small miniature devices called sensor nodes can be used to perform various tasks by forming themselves in to wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN), event detection is one of the main requirements for most of the applications. An event can be a simple event or a combination of two or more simple events (Composite Event). Detecting and reporting an event desired by the application (user) inspite of stringent constraints of sensor nodes like low energy, low bandwidth, frequent failures etc., is one of the main challenges in WSN. This can be achieved with less uncertainty and masking failures by considering collaboration among sensor nodes. We propose a framework for distributed event detection using collaboration in WSN. The framework consists of two protocols that build a tree by using a communication model similar to the Publish-Subscribe paradigm. This framework is a part of Component Oriented Middleware for Sensor networks (COMiS). In COMiS framework, components are loaded as and when required based on the application semantics. If collaboration is considered, the goal of the application can be easily accomplished even in case of failures of sensors and low energy of nodes.