polyglot-tagger/wikipedia-language-snippets-filtered huggingface dataset:
Akubona bonke abantu ababhekwa "abamnyama" abanesikhumba esimnyama; emazweni athile, ngokuvamile ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emphakathini zokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga emazweni aseNtshonalanga, igama elithi "abamnyama" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza abantu abathathwa njengabansundu uma beqhathaniswa nabanye abantu.
USandra Laing ungowesifazane waseNingizimu Afrika owahlukaniswa njengeKhaladi yiziphathimandla ngesikhathi sobandlululo, ngenxa yebala lakhe lesikhumba nokubukeka kwezinwele, nakuba abazali bakhe babengabonisa okungenani izizukulwane ezintathu zokhokho base-Europe.
Emzamweni wokulungisa ukungabi nabulungiswa okwedlule, uhulumeni we-ANC wethule imithetho yokweseka izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abaNsundu bavunyelwe ukwenza okuthile; ngaphansi kwalokhu bachaza abantu "abaMnyama" ukuthi bahlanganise "ama-Afrika", "amaKhaladi" kanye "nama-Asia".
E-Ethiopia naseSomalia, izigaba zezigqila ikakhulukazi zazihlanganisa abantu abathunjwa abavela emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe yaseSudan-Ethiopia kanye neKenyan-Somali noma ezinye izindawo ezizungezile zabantu baseNilotic kanye neBantu ababaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi amaShanqella kanye ne-Adone .
Ngo-2008, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi amaShayina aseNingizimu Afrika ayeyizakhamuzi ngesikhathi sobandlululo kufanele afakwe esigabeni kabusha ngokuthi "abantu abaNsundu," ukuze nje bathole izinzuzo ze-affirmative action, ngoba "abancishwe amathuba" ngokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga.
NgokukaCarlos Moore, isazi esiyisakhamuzi saseBrazil University of the State of Bahia, ekhulwini lama-21 abantu bezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene zama-Afro emazweni ama-Arabhu, kuhlanganise nama-Arab aseNyakatho Afrika, baziveza ngezindlela ezifana nezinhlanga eziningi eLatin America.
Abanye babona "okumnyama" njengelebula elihlambalazayo, eliphelelwe yisikhathi, elinciphisayo noma elingameleli ngenye indlela, futhi ngenxa yalokho abalisebenzisi noma balichaza, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika angenawo umlando omncane wokuhlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga kobukoloni.
Ama-Arabhu aseSudan nawo angabantu abamnyama ngoba angabantu bomdabu baseSudan ngokwesiko nangezilimi baseSudan iningi labo amaNilo-Sahara, amaNubian, kanye namaKushite ; isikhumba sabo nokubukeka kwabo kufana nokwabanye abantu abamnyama.
Ngokugqugquzelwa yilokho okudingwa ukufundwa ngumuntu noma umuntu afuna ukukufunda, amathuba akhona, kanye nendlela umuntu afunda ngayo, ukufunda komuntu omdala kubandakanywa yindlela isizwe esihleleke ngayo, njengobuningi babantu ezweni nobulili , ukuhlobana kwamazwe nezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba , kanye netheknoloji.
Izimiso zendlela nenqubo yokufundisa abantu abadala zisuselwa kuma-characteristics abantu abadala njengabafundi kanti futhi zingabonwa lapho siqondisisa ama-characteristics abantu abadala, nokubona indlela lawo ma-characteristics anomphumela ngayo kwindlela abantu abadala abafunda kangcono ngayo.
Othisha abalandela lezi zimiso ze-androgogy lapho bekhetha izinto zokuqeqesha ngazo kanye nalapho bedizayina indlela abethula ngayo uhlelo, bayebathole ukuthi abafundi babo baqhubeka ngokushesha nakangcono, kanti futhi ngempumelelo kakhulu ekufinyeleleni izinhloso zabo.
Ezinye zalezi zihibe, zibandakanya ukuswela isikhathi sokubhalansa umsebenzi kanye nezidingo zomndeni, ezezimali, izinto zokugibela, ukuzethemba, noma ukuthokozela okuthile, ukuswela ulwazi ngamathuba okufunda, izinkinga zokubeka izikhathi zokwenza okuthile, izidingo zezimfuneko zokungena kwezemfundo kanye nezinkinga zonakekelo lwezingane.
Izinto eziwugqozi, zibandakanya isidingo sokuba nekhono noma ilayisense, ukuthola ipromoshini noma ukulindela ukuthola ipromoshini, isidingo sokuqinisa amakhono noma ukufunda amakhono amasha, isidingo sokwazi kahle umsebenzi noma ukwazi izinguquko emsebenzini, noma isidingo sokufunda ukuze umuntu akwazi ukulandela imiyalelo yenkampani.
Isu elinempumelelo libandakanya ukukhombisa abafundi abadala ubudlelwane phakathi koqeqesho kanye nepromoshini elindelwe, bangaboniswa ukuthi ikhozi abayenzayo inanzuzo enjani ebambekayo, bozokwazi ukusebenza kangcono kanti izinzuzo ngezesikhathi eside.
La makhozi alezi zifundo asiza abantu abasuke bebuya kwamanye amazwe bengena kwamanye lapho okukhulunywa khona i-English, ukuthi bafunde i-English kanye nokuba nolwazi kanye nokujwayela amasiko alawo mazwe abangena kuwo, njengamazwe aseMelika kanye namanye amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo i-English, afana nase-Canada, e-Australia nase-New Zealand.
Ngonyaka wezi-1957 uMasinga wamenywa uHulumeni waseMelika ukuba izinyanga ezimbili ukuyofunda ngezikaqedisizungu kanye nokuthi azokhuluma kabanzi ngomculo wesiZu Ngonyaka wezi-153 waphinde wamenywa ukuba azokwethula inkulumo kwi-African Literary Committe.
Phela, iLembe neNkosi uDingiswayo kanye noNgwadi kaGendeyana, bathi bezwa kwesakwaMthethwa ukuthi ithe itshalwa iNkosi uSenzangakhona, uMntwana uMudli kaNkwelo kaNdaba noMntwana uMkabayi kaJama kaNdaba, babeka iNkosi uSigujana kaSenzangakhona ukuba abuse uZulu.
Ngonyaka wezi-1946 waphothula izifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika athola neziqu ze-B.A. Ngonyaka wezi-1947 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseWitswatersrand lapho athola khona i-Honours yakhe kwi-B.A. Ngonyaka wezi-1950 wafunda wagogoda waze wathola izifundo zeM.A .
Ngo-1992, iSlovo yathola omkhulu umehluko ezingxoxweni zokuqeda ubandlululo eNingizimu Afrika ngokwethula "imigatshana yelanga" eyakhiwa ubuholi be-ANC / SACP: uhulumeni wobumbano iminyaka emihlanu kulandela ukhetho lwentando yeningi, uqinisekisa izisebenzi zikahulumeni, kubandakanya nezasemakhaya namabutho ahlomile, nenqubo yokuxolelwa.
Kodwa-ke, iSlovo yenqabile ngokuqondile noma ikuphi ukuyekethisa ekubuseni kweningi labantu, futhi noma yisiphi isivumelwano esithi "ngokomthethosisekelo sivimbele unomphela" uhulumeni omusha "ukuthi angenelele ngempumelelo ukuze aqhubekisele phambili inqubo yokulungisa ukungalingani okuqoqiwe kwezinhlanga kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo".
Ngaleso sikhathi umbono we-SACP noma ongokwesiko nowezinyathelo ezimbili wokushintshwa kwezinguquko eNingizimu Afrika - "inguquko kazwelonke yentando yeningi" kuqala, ubusoshiyali ngemuva kwesikhathi - babubusa enhlanganweni eyayiholwa yi-ANC.
Umngcwabo wakhe ubuhanjelwe yiwo wonke umthetho ophakeme we-ANC, futhi yizikhulu eziningi eziphakeme ezweni, ezibandakanya bobabili uNelson Mandela noThabo Mbeki, futhi wangcwatshwa e- Avalon Cemetery, eSoweto, engazwakali, ngomuntu waseNingizimu Afrika omhlophe.
Ngeminyaka yama-1970 wabhala inselelo enethonya ethi "South Africa: No Middle Road", eyayiphikisana nokuthi uhulumeni wobandlululo ngehluleke ukuzuza uzinzo, aqoke izingxenye ezibalulekile zesigaba esiphakathi kodwa esimnyama esimaphakathi, noma asenze ngentando yeningi.
Zingasukela ezindlini ezilula ezifana nezindawo zokuhlala eziyinqaba yezizwe eziguqukayo kanye nemijondolo ethuthukisiwe emijondolo ibe yizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinqunyelwe zokhuni, izitini, ukhonkolo noma ezinye izinto eziqukethe amapayipi, umoya omncane, kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi.
Ngosuku Lwabasebenzi umongameli wezwe wethula inkulumo lapho kusuke kubanjwe khona imashi enkulu, ngokuhlelwa yi-COSATUUhulumeni ngokubona ukubaluleka kwalosuku wenze imithetho eminingi ezama ukuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi emsebenzini, ukuze bangaxhashazwa ngabaqashi.
Unyaka Wezizwe weziLimi zeNdabuko kungumgubho wezi-2019 weNhlangano yeZizwe eziBumbene okuhloswe ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela yokubeka engozini izilimi zomdabu emhlabeni jikelele, ngenhloso yokuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthula nokubuyisana.
Isiqikili zesizindalwebu sona sihlinzekwa inqaba yezimishumanqa, izinhlangano, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nangabasebenzisi; futhi sibandakanya intilibathwa yenani lokwaziswa okufundisayo, bezokuzojabulisa, bezentengiselwano, nobukahulumeni.
Lapho sezinikele emphakathini owakhelwe ekwamukelweni nasekufezekisweni kwamalungelo abantu, uMbuso kwadingeka ukuthi uwaqakathekise la malungelo amabili ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye, futhi ukhombise ukuqaphela kukho konke ekwenzile, kubandakanya nokujeziswa kwezigebengu.
Ngaphandle kokuba iqiniso lokuthi ukuziphindisela noma ukubuyisa kwakungelona isela elifanayo nomthethosisekelo nelungelo lokuphila nelungelo lesithunzi, inkantolo ayenelisekanga ukuthi kukhonjisiwe ukuthi isijeziso semali singasebenza kakhulu njengesithiyo kunesigwebo sedilikajele.
UChaskalson P, ebhalela iningi, waphetha ngokuthi Inkantolo ibuye yagcizelela ukuzibophezela kwayo emgomeni wokumiswa komthethosisekelo, kanye namanani asemthethosisekelo ikakhulukazi njengenkululeko, isithunzi kanye nokulingana, ngokwenqaba imvelo "yokuphikisana nokungathandeki" yesigwebo sentambo.
U-Ackermann J wakwenza kwacaca lokhu ekwahlulelweni kwakhe: Sisuka esikhathini esidlule esasibonakala ngokuningi okwakuphikiswa nokungalingani ekusebenzeni komthetho kuye kwesamanje kanye nekusasa ezweni lesisekelo sombuso lapho isenzo sombuso kufanele sibe sinjalo ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlaziya futhi sibe nezizathu ezizwakalayo.
Akukho zenzo zokuphikisana noma imithetho noma imithetho eye yavela ngokungqubuzana noma okufanele iholele ekusetshenzisweni kokuphikisana nayo, nganoma iyiphi indlela yangempela, ingahlolwa ngokuhambisana nemigomo noma imigomo yoMthethosisekelo.
Isinqumo senkantolo besilahla isigaba 277 soMthetho Wenqubo Yokulwa Nobugebengu, we-517, owabe usuhlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sigwebo sentambo, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imigomo efanayo kunoma yimuphi omunye umthetho oseNingizimu Afrika.
Ekugcineni kwadingeka ahambe eNingizimu Afrika ngasekupheleni kuka-1960 kanti futhi enoTambo, kanye noDadoo, baqala ihhovisi le-ANC eDar es Salaam, eTanganyika eyayisengaphansi kombuso wobukoloni waseBrithani ukufikela ngomhla ka 9 Disemba 1961.
Esebenzisa ukungaziwa kwakhe, wadlala indima enkulu ekusungulweni kwemizila yokuphepha yomshoshaphansi yabaholi be- ANC kanye nama-cadre e- ANC esikhathini esilandela ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi eSharpeville kanye nangesikhathi sokufakwa komthetho wesimo esibucayi i-State of Emergency ngo-1960.
Umyalezo wabo kwakuwuuhamba-hamba ezweni nesifundazwe futhi ukufunana nemali kubanikeli bemfihlo ukuze kusekelwe imindeni eyayisele budedengu ngemuva kuboshwa kwabandli bemindeni ngaphansi komthetho we-SOE owabekwa ezweni ngumbuso wobandlululo izinyanga ezinhlanu.
Ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengosomlomo, waqhubeka ukusebenza ezinhlanganweni ezmbalwa zamazwe omhlaba, ezibandakanya izinhlangano ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe-UN, njengokuba yi-Truestee yeNelson Mandela Foundation kanye neShansela yeNyuvesi yaKwaZulu Natali.
Ngokuvela, ukuvezwa, kanye nokusakazeka kwemfashini namasiko amaNdiya, ukubhoboza okungenamsoco emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sekuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba kunezinye izindlela zokubhoboza umzimba, ngemuva kwezinkomba namasiko wentsha alandelayo 'ngeminyaka yama-80s' nama-90s okwamukele lokhu uhlobo lokubhoboza.
Namuhla, ukubhoboza kwempumulo kudumile emhlabeni obanzi kufaka phakathi iNingizimu Melika, i-United States of America, iCanada, iCaribbean, i-Australia, i-Afrika, iJapan kanye ne-Europe, kanti ukubhoboza kwenziwa ngakwesokunxele noma kwesokunxele.
Ukubhoboza impumulo bekungavunyelwe ngokomthetho kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele emindenini eminingi yaseKashmiris eyakwaButt, iDar, iLone neMiri izinze ePakistan, njengoba ukubhoboza kwakhala kokhokho babo kuhlangene nabantu bezizukulwane zakudala zomphakathi waseKashmiri.
Amalungu ePhalamende le- EFF ahlala ephazamisa ukusebenza kwamalungu ePhalamende efuna ukuthi uZuma "abuyisele imali", okuholele ekutheni kube nokuxabana phakathi kwawo noSomlomo wePhalamende likazwelonke Baleka Mbete, ethathwa ngabathile njengokuthi akhethe uZuma ekuphatheni kwakhe iPhalamende.
Iseluleko sikaSomlomo Baleka Mbete, uLindi Lord-Thomas SC, siphikise kakhulu i-akhawunti ye-EFF ne-DA ngamaqiniso nomthetho, kodwa ekugcineni waphoqeleka ukuba abambe iqhaza futhi wagconwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwakhe "ngokuxhamazela".
I-EFF yenza isivumelwano sokuphikisana nohlelo lokuthi kubhalwe ukuthi incwadi yaseNkandla ibopha uZuma ngokusemthethweni nokuthi ngokwehluleka ukusisebenzisa isephule uMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesifungo sakhe sokuba sesikhundleni.
Njengoba bekulindelekile, iPhalamende likazwelonke elilawulwa yi-ANC lenza ikomidi elibhekelele ukuphenya ngendlela efanayo eliholwa nguNgqongqoshe WezamaPhoyisa uNathi Nhleko, obike ukuthi adedele lo mbiko ngo-Agasti wonyaka ka-2015.
Kamuva kwabikwa ukuthi izivivinyo ze-DNA azizange ziqinisekise ukuthi lo muntu uthi unguMakhubu, ukudumazeka komndeni kaMakhubu, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kubikwa ukuthi kwenzeke kulungu lomndeni ngaphandle kobudlelwano begazi kubo bobabili abazali.
I-HugShirt, eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ucingo ngokudlula kude ngebanga, ihlukile kuzibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo (isib. Amawashi noma ukwakheka kwezigqoko zezigqoko zekhompiyutha egqokekayo ngo-1990s) ngoba umkhiqizo ungubuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo obathatha isimo sendwangu yokugqoka .
Ngomlando nokuthuthuka kwamakhompiyutha angagqokeki, amaphayona azamile ukuthuthukisa noma ukunweba ukusebenza kwezingubo, noma ukudala izinto ezigqokwa njengezesekeli ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngobuhlakani - ukuqoshwa komsebenzi ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuncane obuthathekayo noma obuphathekayo.
IMcLear, namuhla isengomunye wabaholi esikhaleni sokufaka amandla ekhompiyutha, yaqala ucwaningo nentuthuko kuma-smartwatches yasungula indandatho ehlakaniphile ngo-2010, futhi yasungulwa ngabasunguli be-elekthronikhi abasebenza ngogesi uJoe Prencipe noJohn McLear.
I-Tyndall National Institute e-Ireland yathuthukisa ipulatifomu "yokuqapha yeziguli engabonakali ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani" eyayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha ekhiqizwe izinzwa zeziguli nokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bangavuma kanjani ubuchwepheshe.
U-Radebe yiLungu leKhabhinethi eselibe yilungu isikhathi eside kakhulu likwiKhabhinethi, njengoba ebe yingxenye yombusu nokuba kwikhabhinethi isikhathi eside ukusukela ngonyaka ka-1994 nangaphansi kwabo bonke oMengameli ukusukela ngo-1994 ngemuva kokuba kuqedwe inqubo yombuso wobandlululo.
Emva kokuphuthula izifundo zakhe ze-MasterseNyuvesi yaseWitswatersrand uSibiya wahlabana nesikhundla sokufundisa imiBhalo yaseAfrika, isiZulu, kanye neziFundo zeMidiya eSikoleni sezeMibhalo kanye neziFundo zeziLimi, lesi sikhundla wasibamba kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2001 kuya kowezi-2004.
Okulwa namagciwanes, noma kungajwayele ukusetshenziswa, kunganconywa kulabo abanohudo olunegazi kanye nokushisa kakhulu komzimba, labo abakhishwa isisu kakhulu emva kohambo ngemotoukukhishwa yisisu emva kohambo ngemoto, kanye nalabo abamilwa yibhakutheriya ethile noma izilwanyana eziphila ngegazi emakakeni abo.
UCameron wabona ukuthi ukwaze ukusindisa impilo yakhe ngoba enemali yokwazi ukuthenga imithi, lokhu kwameza ukuthi abe yisikhuthali kakhulu kumkhankaso we-HIV/AIDS eNingizimu Afrika entsha yangemuva kombuso wobandlululo, lapha agqugquzela khona uhulumeni ukuthi ahlinzeke ngemithi yokwelapha kubo bonke abantu.
Lokhu kwanconywa njengesinqumo "esihlabahlosile nesijulile" kanye nesinqumo "esiqhakazile" ngabaphawuli bezomthetho futhi kwakusho ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika kumele ibe ne-ejensi ezimele yokulwa nenkohlakalo kwezezimali ngisho noma abenhlangano ye-ANC babethathe isinqumo sokuhlakaza ama- Scorpions .
Ngemuva kwalokho wangamela ukubhalwa koMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika owawubonelela amalungelo abantu abathandana ngokobulili obufanayo futhi waba nesandla ekuqikeleleni ukuqedwa kobandlululo ngenxa yenqubo yezokuthandana ngokobulili obufanayo ngokocansi.
Ngesikhathi esasebenza e-Centre for Applied Legal Studies, wabhala i-Charter of Rights on Ai and HIV, kanti futhi ngokusebenzisana nabanye wasungula i-AIDS Consortium (okuyinhlangano ye-affiliate non-governmental organisations working on AIDS), kanti futhi waba ngusihlalo wayo eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu, wasungula nenhlangano ye-AIDS Law Project.
Ngo-Okthoba 1994, uMongameli uNelson Mandela waqoka uCameron njengejaji lebambela leNkantolo ePhakeme ukuba ngusihlalo wekhomishini ephenya ngokuthengiswa kwezikhali okungekho emthethweni ngabe-Armscor, eyayisebenza njengabathengisi be-SANDF, ithengisela iYemen .
Wakhethwa njengelungu lePhalamende okhethweni lwentando yeningi lokuqala lwaseNingizimu Afrika ngonyaka we-1994, waqokelwa inxusa laseSwitzerland kusuka ngo-1996 kuya ku-2000, waba yimeya yaseVryburg ngemuva kokubuya, futhi wasebenza njengelungu lesigungu esiphezulu eMkhonto weSizwe Veteran's Association.
Lapho eneminyaka engama-14, ngemva kokubona ifilimu esihloko sithi Young Man with a Horn (lapho u-Kirk Douglas idlala khona umlingiswa ohlongozwayo e-American jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke, uMasekela waqala ukudlala icilongo efundiswa U-Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, umfundisi omkhulu owayelwa nobandlululo eSt.
UPhumzile Mlambo Ngcuka usopolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nesikhulu seNhlangano Yezizwe, futhi njengamanje usebenza njengoMqondisi Ophethe Wezinhlangano Zabesifazane be-UN ngesikhundla sika-Under-Secretary-General weNhlangano Yezizwe.
Amanda Benedicta Antony , odume ngegama lesiteji sakhe Amanda Black , ungumlobi-wengoma waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nomculi wokuqopha owathola ukuqashelwa ngonyaka ka-2016 kulandela ukukhishwa kwakhe eyodwa ethi "Amazulu", eyaphakanyiswa kaningana imiklomelo yomculo.
Amagalelo abo kwezomchazazibalo, ezomchazamkhathi, kanye nezokwelapha angena futhi abumba iFilosofi yemvelo yamaGreki yenkathi yakudala, okuyilapho kwenziwa khona imizamo emisiwe yokuqhamuka nezincazelo ezisekelwe emsukeni ongokwemvelo wezinto ezenzeka endaweni ebonwa ngamehlo.
Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso oseNtshonalanga WaseRoma, ulwazi lwemiqondo yamaGrikhi ngomhlaba lwehla eNtshonalanga Yurophu phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu amane yokuqala weNkathi Ephakathi kepha lwalondolozwa emazweni obuSulumane ngesikhathi se- nkathi yokuChuma kobuSulumane.
Ukubuyiselwa nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi yamaGrikhi nemibuzo yamaSulumane eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusuka ngekhulu le-10 kuye le-13 kwavuselela "iFilosofi yemvelo", kamuva eyaguqulwa yinguquko yenzululwazi eyaqala ngekhulu le-16 njengoba amasu amasha kanye nokusanda-kufunyanwa kwayishiya imiqondo namasiko wamaGrikhi kwangaphambili.
Indlela-su yenzululwazi ngokushesha yadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kolwazi futhi kuze kwaba ngekhulu lam-19 lapho izici eziningi zezikhungo nokucwephesha zenzululwazi ezaqala ukwakheka; kanye nokushintshwa "kwefilosofi yemvelo" kube isayensi yemvelo.
Ezinye izazi zisebenzisa ebizo elithi 'inzululwazi yanguna' ukuze bagqabe ubuqhebeqhebe basendulo obunenswebu yenzululwazi yanamuhla kulwangu lwayo; nokho, lomgqabo uye wahlatshwa kakhulu njengothunazayo noma osikisela ngokweqile umbono wobumanjemanje , njengoba ubhekwa Lobo buqhebeqhebe ngeso lemijinjo yanamuhla.
Umthelela osebenzayo ocwaningweni lwenzululwazi uholele ekuqubukeni kwezinqubomgomo zesayensi ezifuna ukuthonya umhwebo wenzulukeazi ngokubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezentengiso, izikhali, ukunakekela impilo, futhiukuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izimpawu eziphuthumayo zifaka ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphikelela kobuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi, ukudideka, ubunzima bokuvuka, nobuso noma izindebe ezimnyama; ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha kuyelulekwa uma lezi zimpawu zikhona.
Kodwa-ke, amanani wokutholwa awafikanga ku-100% futhi ahlukahluka phakathi kwenhlobo engaphezulu (umkhawulo wokutholwa kwakungu-3.33 10 0.5 TCID 50 ilitha lomoya kuma-aerosols, i-10 0.5 TCID 50 nge-millilita ephakathi yepulasitiki, insimbi, nekhadibhodi, kanye no-10 I-1.5 TCID 50 millilita ephakathi yethusi).
Ukulinganiselwa kwezinga lokuwohloka ngemodeli yokubuyiselwa kweBayesian kusikisela ukuthi ama-virus angahlala esebenza kuze kufinyelele emahoreni angama-18 ethusi, amahora angama-55 ekhadibhodi, amahora angama-90 ngensimbi engenacala, namahora angaphezu kwayikhulu epulasitiki.
Ukusuka ngomhla zingama-28 kuNdasa wezi-2020, isilinganiso sokushona kwenani ngalinye lamacala atholakele ngamaphesenti angama-4,6; lisuka kumaphesenti angama-0,2 laya kumaphesenti ayi-15 ngokuya ngeminyaka yobudala nezinye izinkinga zempilo .
Izindlela ezinconyiwe zokuvimbela ukutheleleka zifaka ukugeza izandla njalo, ukusakazeka emphakathini (ukugcina ibanga elingokomzimba kwabanye, ikakhulukazi kusuka kulezo ezinezimpawu), ukumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimula ngethiphu noma ngendololondo yangaphakathi, nokugcina izandla ezingagezwanga kude nobuso.
NgoSeptemba ka 1991, kwaba nekhonferense yokubanga ukuthula eyabanjelwa eJohannesburg, lapho khona uMandela, uButhelezi kanye no-de Klerk abasayhina khona isivumelwano soxolo sokuqeda udlame, ngisho noma udlame lwaqhubeka ngemuva kwalesi sivumelwano.
Ngisho noma kwakukhokna ababemphethe ngobandlululo ngokwebala, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza ubungani nabamhlophe abangama-liberal, kanye namakhomanisi aseYuropha, amaJuda, kanye nezitshudeni zamaNdiya, phakathi kwabangani bakhe kwakukhona u-Joe Slovo kanye noRuth First.
Ngisho noma uMandela wayenobungani nabezinye izinhlanga ezingezona zobomdabu kanye namakhomanisi, uMandela wavumelana kakhulu nemibono kaLembede, yokuthi ama-Afrika abomdabu, kumele bazimele gelekeqe bangasebenzisani nezinye izinhlanga emzabalazweni wabo wokulwela inkululeko kwezepolitiki.
Ngisho noma u-Cyril Ramaphosa nguye owayehola ithimba le-ANC, uMandela nguye owangokhuza phambili, kanti futhi ngemuva kokuba uDe Klerk agxeka udlame lwe-ANC, uMandela wasukma ngemuva kukaDe Klerk watshela uDe Klerk ezikabhoqo ngokuthi ungumholi kahulumeni wegcunswana elincane lenkohlakalo elingenagunya nokwesekelwa yiningi labantu bezwe, .
Ngemuva kokubulawa komholi we-ANC u-Chris Hani, uMandela wenza isimemezelo ngenkulumo kazwelonke, encenga abantu ukuthi behlise imimoya bangenzi uvukelo, ngemuva kwalokho wavela emngcwabeni kaTambo eSoweto, uTambo wabulawa yi-stroke.
Ngokututuzelwa nguThabo Mbeki, uMandela waqala ukuhlangana nosomabhizinisi abakhulu, kanti futhi washayela phansi ngenqubo yokuthathwa kwempahla yesizwe ibe ngaphansi kombuso, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-nationalisation, ngokwesabela ukuthi izokwesabisa abotshalomali bamazwe angaphandle.
Kanti futhi uMandela wabuye wavela nakwifilimu eyayenziwa ngenkokheli noma umholi wabamnyama yaseMelika, wavela eklasini njengothisha, enza inkondlo yaleyo nkokheli kwisiqephu sokugcina, inkokheli engu-Malcolm X kwisiqephu sokugcina sefilimu sango 1992 esasenziwa ngayo le nkhokheli yaseMellika u- Malcolm X.
Ngokufakelwa ugqozi ukukhula komnotho wamazwe aseMpumalanga Asia , uMandela waqala ukwakha ubudlelwane namazwe ase-East Asia, ikakhulukazi i-Malaysia, kodwa lobu budlelwane naleli lizwe bahlakazeka ngenxa yokuqala kwezinkinga komnotho kula mazwe ngezehlakalo ezabizwa ngokuthi yi- 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Kanti izidlamlilo ezaziwa nombuso nenqubo yobandlululo zavuka indlobana zawuvuthela kakhulu umzabalazo, kanti nabe-ANC nabo baqinisa isandla kakhulu ngohlaselo, lapho abahlasela izihlandla ezingu 231 ngo-1986 kanti eingu 235 ngo-1987.
UMandela wacela ukubamba umhlangano noBotha, kodwa uBotha wenqaba, kunalokho uMandela wahlangana ekhusini noNgqongqoshe owayebhekene nezamaphoyisa ezweni u-Kobie Coetsee ngo-1987, kanti futhi waphinda waba neminye imihlangano engu 11 eminyakeni elandelayo engu 3.
Ngokubona ukuthi umsebenzi we-ANC wawungabonakali umphumela waowo, i-BCM yamemezela ukuthi kuqalwe intshukumo yezinyathelo ezishisayo, kodwa ngemuva kokuba kube novukelo lwaseSoweto, olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Soweto uprising lwango-1976, iningi lamashanhliziyo e-BCM laboshwa, lwagqunywa ejele le-Robben Island.
Umbuso kaMandela wathola izwe elalinegebe elikhulu lokungalingani nokwehlukana, kanti futhi izinga lomcebo labamhlophe liphezulu, kuthi abamnyama babesezingeni eliphansi kakhulu futhi namasevisi engaphakelwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemiphakathi yabamhlophe nabamnyama.
Kwinani labantu abangama 40miliyoni, abantu abangu 23miliyoni bebengenawo ugesi, izindlu zangasese, abantu abangu 12 miliyoni bebengenawo amanzi ahlanzekile, kuthi izingane ezingu 2miliyoni bezingekho esikoleni zingafundi, kanti inani labantu abalinganiselwa kwingxenye yokubili-kokuthathu, bebengakwazi ukubhala.
Ehlala nomzala wakhe elokishini laseGeorge Goch, uMandela waziswa kumuntu owayesebenza ukuthengisa izindlu nowayeyigqala lomzabalazo uWalther Sisulu, owamtholela umsebenzi njengomabhalana wama-article kwinkampani yabammeli bakwa-Witkin, Sidelsky, and Eidelman.