pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
MALICOY, an island in the Indian Ocean, between the Laccadive and the Maidive Islands. It is small and low, and the sea breaks with incessant fury on its coasts. It was formerly dependent on one of the Malabar rajahs. Long. 72. 45. E. Lat. 8. 20. N.
MALIGNANT, amongst physicians, a term applied to diseases of a very dangerous nature, and generally infectious, such as dysentery, hospital fever, and the like.
MALIPOOTAS Isle, one of the Sooloo Islands. It is low and woody, and has shoals all around extending about two miles to the north-west.
MALIVAGUNGA River, a broad, rocky, and rapid river of Ceylon, which, in its course, nearly surrounds the hills where the city of Candy stands. It bends its course to the north-east, and falls into Trincomalee Harbour.
MALL, Sea-mall, or Sea-mew. See Ornithology.
MALLARD. See Ornithology.
MALLEABLE, a property of metals, whereby they are capable of being extended under the hammer.
MALLEOLI, in the ancient art of war, were bundles of combustible materials, set on fire in order to give light in the night, or to annoy the enemy. Pitch was always a principal ingredient in the composition. The malleoli had also the name of pyroboli.
MALLIA, a town and fortress of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, situated on the banks of the river Muchoo, which empties itself into the Runn, two miles and a half below this place. It was formerly possessed by a band of notorious plunderers, who preyed upon the surrounding country. It 1809 it was stormed by a British force.
MALLICOLLO, or Manicoa, one of the largest of the New Hebrides Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. It is about eighteen leagues in length, and from five to seven in breadth. It was discovered by Quiros in the year 1606. Long, of the harbour on the north-east side, 167. 57. E. Lat. 16. 25. S.
MALLING, distinguished by the name of Town-Mailing, or sometimes West Mailing, is a market-town in the county of Kent, in the hundred of Larkfield and the lathe of Aylesford. It is twenty-nine miles from London and six from Maidstone, being situated on a small stream which falls into the river Medway. In this place there was formerly a Benedictine convent, the ruins of which remain. It has a neat church, and an endowed free school. The population amounted in 1801 to 1093, in 1811 to 1154, in 1821 to 1205, and in 1831 to 1369. Within one mile of Town-Mailing is East Mailing, a large village, which in number of inhabitants somewhat exceeds that of the town, having amounted in 1801 to 1302, in 1811 to 1256, in 1821 to 1403, and in 1831 to 1543. Both these places depend chiefly on the plantations of hops, which are very numerous and extensive.
MALLISON’S Island is situated on the north coast of New Holland, near the entrance into the Gulf of Carpentaria, on the west side. It is of considerable elevation. Long, of the south-east head of the island, 136. 8. E. Lat. 12. 11. S.
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MALLOODOO, a district of Borneo, in the southeastern extremity of the island. It i s populous, and supplies ratans of an excellent quality, and from twenty to thirty feet in length; as also clove-bark. Numerous rivers fall into the bay of Malloodoo. Long, of the bay 117 2. E. Lat. 6. 45. N. j
MALLONI, a town of the kingdom of Naples, in the pr “™ŋ\ 0 r Ĳ™ cipato citeriore > witl > 2216 inhabitants.
MALMEDY, a city, the capital of a circle of that name, in the Prussian government of Cologne. It is situated on the river Warge, and contains 808 houses, with 3920 inhabitants. It is a manufacturing place of great celebrity, producing annually more than 100,000 hides for sole leather from its tanneries, much cotton twist from its spinning mills, some very good fine cloth and cassimeres, and also some writing paper and pressing paper. Long. 5. 25. E. Lat. 50. 28. N. Ġ
MALMO, a province of Sweden, in the south-western part of the kingdom, which extends in east longitude from 12. 22. to 13. 54., and in north latitude from 55. 21. to 56. 18., having a superficies of 1804 square miles. It is generally a level district, with a soil resembling that of the Danish province of Zealand, which is opposite to it. The climate is the mildest of any portion of Sweden, and fruits ripen there which succeed in no other part. It produces more corn than it consumes. It contains eight cities or towns, and 4458 small rural settlements, with" 142,000 inhabitants. The capital is a city of the same name, on the sound opposite to Copenhagen. It was once fortified, but the walls have been demolished. It is in a circular form, but irregularly built, and has a citadel which commands it. It contains650 houses, and 5400 inhabitants, who carry on the trades of cloth weavers, glovers, batters, sugar-re-fincrs, soap-boilers, and some others, but for the most part upon a contracted scale. Long. 12. 33. 59. E. Lat. 55. 36. 37. N.
MALMSBURY, an ancient town of the county of Wilts, in the hundred of its own name, ninety-five miles from London. It is said to have had, as early as the year 600, a monastic institution for females, which was afterwards converted into a stately abbey, and was richly endowed till the suppression of the religious houses in the reign of Henry VIII. A part of the ancient abbey has been converted into the parish church. The town is almost surrounded by the river Avon, on which there was anciently a castle. It formerly returned two members to parliament, but now elects only one. It has given birth to two celebrated men, William of Malmsbury the historian, and Hobbes the philosopher. There is a market, which is held on Saturday. The population amounted in 1801 to 1571, in 1811 to 1746, in 1821 to 2145, and in 1831 to 2293.
MALNORE, a town of Hindustan, in the Sikh territories, and province of Delhi, 160 miles north-west by north from the city of Delhi. Long. 75. 18. E. Lat. 30. 22. N.
MALO, St, a city of France, in the department of the Ille-et-Vilaine, the capital of an arrondissement, to which it gives the name, containing 9981 communes or parishes, with 120,560 inhabitants. The city is forty-six posts or 220 miles distant from Paris. It is a sea-port, having the best harbour on this part of the coast of France; but it is difficult of access, from being surrounded by numerous islets and rocks. The town itself stands upon a rocky island called Aaron, connected with the continent by a tongue of land at the bottom of the bay. To this place there are several channels formed by the rocks, some of which extend three miles from the shore. The river Rance or Dinan enters the sea at the town, and ships are there secure on the sand, where at low water they are left dry. It is fortified both upon the land and sea side, and is defended by powerful forts, some of them on the rocks, the most formidable of which are called Vauban and Conche. The city contains four churches, a marine hospital, a maritime court of law, an exchange, and a nautical college. The houses are 1600, and the population 9930. It has someforeign trade with England, Holland, and the Baltic; but one of its most lucrative branches is the Newfoundland fishery, to which many ships are annually despatched. The fishery on the shore of France is also, as well as the coasting trade, a source of employment. In time of war many privateers are fitted out here. There are several slips for building ships, and some manufactories of sail-cloth, cordage, and the other kinds of materials for furnishing ships. It is in longitude 2. 1. 11. W. and in latitude 48. 39. 3. N.

Malo, a town of Italy, in the Austrian delegation of Vicenza, and situated on the river Loverton. It stands amongst the mountains, and contains 3940 inhabitants, who are employed in collecting and refining saltpetre.

Malo, Maclou, or Mahout, St, the son of an Englishman, and cousin to St Magloire, was educated in a monastery in Ireland, and was afterwards chosen bishop of Gui-Castel, a dignity which his humility prevented him from accepting. The people wishing to compel him, he went to Bretagne, and put himself under the direction of an anchoret called Aaron, in the neighbourhood of Aleth. Some time afterw ards (about the year 541), he was chosen bishop of that city, and there cultivated piety and religion with great success. He afterwards retired to a solitude near Xaintes, where he died on the lõthof November 565. From him the city of St Malo derives its name.
MALOI-ARCHANGELSK, a circle of the Russian province of Orel, extending in east longitude from 36. 21. to 37. 23. and in north latitude from 52. 36. to 52. 47. The chief town, of the same name, is situated on the river Ko-limkeiska, and contains 229 houses, with 1680 inhabitants. It is 758 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 36. 29. E. Lat. 52. 27. N.
MALOI-JAROSLAWETZ, a circle of Russia, in the province of Kaluga, extending over 478 square miles, with 46,800 inhabitants. The chief town, of the same name, is situated on the Luscha, 560 miles from St Petersburg. It contains six churches, 280 houses, and 1940 inhabitants. The French suffered a check here on the 12th of October 1812. Long. 37. 5. E. Lat. 54. 59. N.
MALOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the territories of the Mysore rajah, twenty-seven miles east by north from Bangalore. Long. 78. 9. E. Lat. 13. N.
MALPOORAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Lahore, belonging to the Sikhs. Long. 75. 45. E. Lat. 31. 26. N.
MALPURBA, a river of the south of India, which falls into the Krishna, and is considered, along with that river, as the southern boundary of the Deccan.
MALPAS, a town of the count}' of Chester, in the hundred of Broxton, 166 miles from London. It stands on a hill overlooking the river Dee, is well built, consisting of three streets well paved, and had a castle belonging to the family or Cholmondeley, now gone to decay. It has a market, which is held on Monday. The population amounted in 1801 to 906, in 1811 to 938, in 1821 to 1127, and in 1831 to 1004.
MALPLAQUET, a town in the department of the North, and arrondissement of Avesnes, in France, not far from Maubeuge, containing 1250 inhabitants. It is celebrated for the victory gained near it, in 1709, by the allies under the command of the Duke of Marlborough.
MALSCH, a market-town of the duchy of Baden, in Germany, in the circle of the Neckar and bailiwick of Wisloch. It contains 362 houses, and 1996 inhabitants, who are occupied chiefly in the linen manufacture.
MALT. See Brewing and Distillation.
MALTON, a town of the north riding of Yorkshire, in the wapentake of Rydall, 214 miles from London. It is situated on the navigable river Derwent, is well built, and contains three parish churches. At this place are some remains of an ancient castle, with its chapel. There is a house of correction; and the sessions are held here. There are good markets on Tuesday and Saturday. It formerly returned two members to the House of Commons, and the number has not been diminished by the new law. The country around is celebrated for breeding good horses. The population amounted in 1801 to 3047, in 1811 to 3713, in 1821 to 4005, and in 1831 to 4173.
MALVERN, a parish in the county of Worcester and hundred of Pershore. It is situated on the range of hills of that name, which contains mineral springs, owing to which, together with the purity of the air and the beauty of the prospects, it is much visited. There are in the two parts excellent accommodations, both in private and in public houses. The church of an ancient and magnificent monastery still remains, and is used for parochial worship. The population amounted in 1801 to 819, in 1811 to 1205, in 1821 to 1568, and in 1831 to 2010.
MALVOISIN, William de, some time chancellor of Scotland, was bred in France, and has been thought by some to have been a native Frenchman. Soon after his coming to this country, he was made one of the clerici regis, and archdeacon of St Andrews, in which latter capacity we find him present at the christening of the young prince, afterwards King Alexander II. He was constituted chancellor of Scotland on the death of Hugh, bishop of Glasgow, 6th September 1199, about which time also he was elected into the see of Glasgow, and was consecrated the following year by a special precept from Pope Innocent III. In 1202 he was* translated to St Andrews, when he seems to have resigned the chancellorship. In September 1208 he dedicated the new cemetery at the monastery of Dryburgh (Chalmers’s Caledonia, ii. 339). In 1211 we find him, and Walter, bishop of Glasgow, possessed of legatine powers from Rome, and assembling at Perth a great council of the clergy and people, to press upon them the pope’s will and command that an expedition be undertaken to the Holy Land. In 1214 he attended the coronation of King Alexander II. and is said to have set the crown on the head of that monarch. The following year he went with the bishops of Glasgow and Moray, and Henry abbot of Kelso, to the fourth Lateran council, where he remained till 1218; and in the ninth year of King Alexander II. he made a mortification[7:14:72] for the soul of King William. He brought into this country from the Continent some orders of monks and mendicants, till then unknown here, and had convents of Dominican friars erected at Aberdeen, Ayr, Berwick, Edinburgh, Elgin, Inverness, Montrose, Perth, and Stirling, and monasteries for the monks of Valliscaulium at Pluscardine in Moray, Beaulieu in Ross, and Ardchattan in Argyle. He wrote lives of the popish saints Ninian and Kentigern; and it was to him and in his time that Pope Innocent III. sent the decretal letters which appear in the Corpus Juris Canonici {Decret. Greg. b. iii. tit. 49, c. 6), to the king of Scots; and (b. iii. tit. 24, c. 9; b. iv. tit. 20, c. 6; and b. v. tit. 39, c. 28), to the bishop, archdeacon, and abbot of St Andrews respectively. The zeal of this bishop for holy church is evident; but it was not his only passion, for on one occasion we find that he deprived the abbey of Dunfermline of the presentation to two churches, because the monks had failed to provide him wine for supper. Fordun says the monks had indeed supplied wine, but the bishop’s attendants had drunk it all up. In a composition regarding tithes, anno 1277 (Connel, Tith. ii. 413), there is reference to an ordinance, “Willielmi dicti Mawvoisin, Episcopi Sancti Andrere.” Malvoisin continued Bishop of St Andrews till his death, which happened on the 9th of July 1238. (Fordun; Keith’s Bishops ; Chalmers’s Caledonia, vol. iii. p. 616.)
MAMALUKES. See Egypt.
MAMBRUN, Peter, an ingenious and learned French Jesuit, born in the diocese of Clermont, in the year 1581. He was one of the most perfect imitators of Virgil in Latin poetry, and his poems are of the same species with those of the Mantuan bards. Thus he wrote Eclogues, Georgies, or four books on the culture of the soul and the understanding; together with a heroic poem, entitled Constantine, or Idolatry Overthrown. He showed also great critical ability in a Latin Dissertation on Epic Poetry. He died in 1661.
MAMERS, an arrondissement of the department of the Sarthe, in France, extending over 654 square miles. It is divided into ten cantons and 145 communes, which contain 120,500 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name situated on the river Dive, and has within it 800 houses, and 5550 inhabitants, who make hempen and flaxen cloth. Long. 0. 16. E. Lat. 48. 20. N.
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MANAAR, an island situated on the north-west coast of Ceylon, giving name to ι the gulf which separates Hindustan from Ceylon. The island, which is about fifteen miles in length by three in average breadth, is separated from Ceylon by an arm of the sea about two miles broad, and at low water almost dry, excepting a small channel in the middle, of no greater breadth than about thirty or forty yards. The distance from the western point of this island to that of Ramiseram is twelve leagues, and the intervening space is occupied by a line of sand banks, called Adam’s Bridge, but which, according to a tradition of the Hindus, was constructed by their demigod Ram when he invaded Ceylon. Between these two islands small boats constantly ply, and thus keep open the communication between the two coasts. This island, which was first occupied by the Portuguese in 1560, was taken from them in 1658 by the Dutch, who banished thither their refractory subjects. Long. 79. 58. E. Lat. 9. 6. N.
MANADO, the northernmost of the Dutch settlements on the island of Celebes. From this place gold was procured in exchange for opium and Hindustan piece-goods, chiefly blue cloth, fine Bengal stuffs, iron, and steel. The place surrendered to Captain Tucker in 1810. The bay and town are situated on the west end of the northern island of Celebes, in longitude 124. 32. east, and latitude 1. 28. north.
MANAH, a town of Northern Hindustan, in the district of Serinagur, on the north-eastern frontier. It contains 150 or 200 houses, with from fourteen to fifteen hundred inhabitants, who are above the middle size, stout, and well formed, and seem to be of a race between those of Tartary and Hindustan. The houses are two stories in height, and constructed of stone covered with small deal planks. During the winters, which are very severe, the inhabitants emigrate to the south. A considerable trade is carried on between this place and Lahdack, by means of sheep and goats, which are accustomed to the bad roads on the mountains. They import saffron, borax, gold-dust, musk, &c. and export Benares manufactures, and a few light European articles. Long. 79.40. E. Lat. 32. 20. N.
MANAPAR, a town in the south of India, being situated on a promontory in the district of Tinevelly, projecting into the Gulf of Manaar, sixty miles north-east from Cape Comorin. Long. 78. 17. E. Lat. 8. 39. N. It is also the name of a town in the Polygar territory, fifty miles west by south from Tanjore. Long. 78. 30. E. Lat. 10. 39. N.
MANASSEH, in Scripture history, the eldest son of Joseph, and grandson of the patriarch Jacob (Genesis, xli. 50, 51), was born in the year of the world 2290, and before Jesus Christ 1714. The tribe descended from him came out of Egypt in number thirty-two thousand two hundred men fit for battle, being upwards of twenty years old, under the conduct t of Gamaliel, son of Pedahzur (Numbers, ii. 20,21). This tribe was divided on their entrance into the land of promise; one half receiving its portion beyond the river Jordan, and the other half on this side of the stream. The half tribe of Manassch which settled beyond the river possessed the country of Bashan, from the river Jabbok to Mount Libanus (Numbers, xxii. 33,34, &c.); and the half tribe settled on this side Jordan obtained for its inheritance the country between the tribe of Ephraim to the south and the tribe of Issachar to the north, having the river Jordan to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the west (Joshua, xvii.).
MANATOULIN Islands, an extensive range of islands, which stretch in an easterly direction from the western shore of Lake Superior, in North America. Many of them measure from twenty to thirty miles in length, by from ten to fifteen in breadth, and on some of these the land swells into considerable elevations. Long. 81. 50. to 84. W. Lat. 45. 20. to 45. 49. N.
MANCAP, a small island in the Eastern Seas, situated at the extremity of a sand bank, which extends about six leagues from the south-western extremity of Borneo. Long. 102. 57. E. Lat. 3. S.
MANCHA, La, a district of Spain, being the southernmost division of New Castille. It produces wheat and barley, but in quantities insufficient to feed its inhabitants. Wine is its most abundant production, with which it principally supplies Madrid. The wines are of both colours, and of various qualities: some of them, in colour, strength, and flavour, are similar to the wines of Burgundy; but as they seldom or never have any casks or coopers near the vineyards, and the wine is conveyed in bottles made of the skins of goats, its good qualities become [7:14:215]deteriorated at the moment of its production. Some silk is produced in .this province, and in various parts the plantations of mulberry trees are extensive. The other vegetable productions which create commerce are saffron, barilla, and kelp. They breed a considerable number of mules, which are sent for sale to Portugal and the intermediate places. The whole district, however, is very poor, and the inhabitants generally are in a state of great distress, which may be attributed in a considerable degree to the want of water; for though the river Guadiana runs through it, and by its streams fructifies the borders, yet the influence of that river is of too little extent to benefit any but its immediate vicinity. The capital, Ciudad Real, is benefited by the Guadiana more than the whole province besides. The extent of this division of New Castille is 631 square leagues, and the population 205,548, or 326 to each square league, being, with the exception of Cuença, the most thinly peopled of any part of Spain.

Although La Mancha is destitute both of agricultural and manufacturing wealth, yet the two extremities of the province are favoured with considerable mineral riches. On the eastern extremity, near the source of the river Munda, is a rich mine of calamine, and in its vicinity is a royal manufactory of tin plates. On the western side are the celebrated quicksilver mines of Almadin, whose valuable product is of the greatest importance to the silver mines of Mexico where it is conveyed, and is indispensable in the extraction of silver by the process of amalgamation. The only towns in La Mancha, besides the capital, Ciudad Real, are Alcazar de St Juan, Consuegra, Infantes, and Almago. This province has derived considerable notoriety throughout Europe, from having been the theatre of the imaginary exploits of the hero of Spanish fiction, Don Quixote. It is bounded on the north by Toledo, on the east by Cuença and Murcia, on the south by Murcia, and on the west by Estremadura.
MANCIPLE (manceps) i a clerk of the kitchen, or caterer. This officer still remains in some universities.
MANCOTE, a village of Hindustan, in the province of Lahore, now possessed by the Sikhs. It is situated seventy-four miles from the city of Lahore. Long. 74. 28. E. Lat. 32. 44. N.
MANDANES, an Indian prince and philosopher, who for the renown of his wisdom was invited by the ambassadors of Alexander the Great to the banquet of the son of Jupiter. A reward was promised him if he obeyed, but he was threatened with punishment in the event of refusal. Unmoved by promises and threats, the philosopher dismissed them with the observation, that though Alexander ruled over a great part of the universe, he was not the son of Jupiter; and that he gave himself no trouble about the presents of a man who possessed not wherewithal to content himself. “I despise his threats,” added he. “If I live, India is sufficient for my subsistence; and to me death has no terrors, for it will only be an exchange of old age and infirmity for the happiness of a better life.”
MANDARINS, a name given to the magistrates and governors of provinces in China, who are chosen out of the most learned men, and whose government is always at a great distance from the place of their birth.
MANDAVEE, a large and fortified sea-port of Hindustan, in the province of Cutch, situated on the Gulf of Cutch. It trades to a considerable extent with Bombay, Arabia, &c. and its chief articles of export consist of butter, grain, and cotton, for which it receives sugar, pepper, spices, raw silk, piece-goods, &c. Long. 69. 34. E. Lat. 22.50. N.
ΜANDAWEE Islands, a cluster of small islands in the Eastern Seas, near the south coast of Borneo. Long. 113. 30. E. Lat. 3. 20. S.
MANDELIQUE, or Mandaltg, a small island, about half a league from the north coast of Java, called the Devil’s Rock, because ships are so long detained here by the contrary winds of the east monsoon, and by currents. The strait between this and the coast is too narrow to be safe. Long. 110. 56. E. Lat. 6. 27. S∙
MANDIOLY Isle, one of the Gilolo Islands, situated between the firstand second degrees of south latitude, and about the 127th degree of east longitude. It is supposed to be twenty miles in length by four in breadth.