pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
GUADALAXARA, a city of New Castille, in the kingdom of Spain, in latitude 40. 33. It is the capital of a department called Alcarria, and is situated near the head of the river Tajuna, which empties itself into the Tagus. It gives name to a province which is 163 leagues in extent, and contains a population of 157,338 souls. The territory is but slightly provided with grain from its own soil, but it produces wine and oil; and there are extensive pastures, on which Merino flocks are fed. In the city there was a considerable manufactory of the best cloths, but, like most royal trading concerns, it proved very unprofitable, and, if restored with the expulsion of the French, must be in a very languishing condition. It employs 656 looms, and 4800 weavers and spinners; there is also one house for soap-boiling, which yearly produces 2250 hundredweight. This city contains 12,000 inhabitants.

Guadalaxara, an intendancy of Mexico in South America. It is bounded on the north by Sonora and Durango, on the east by Zacatecas and Guanaxuato, on the south by Valladolid, and on the west, for an extent of coast of 123 leagues, by the Pacific Ocean. Its length is estimated at about 350 miles, its breadth at about 300, and it has an extent of surface of 9612 square leagues. The eastern part of the intendancy is all table-land, and the climate is agreeable. The maritime regions abound in forests affording excellent timber for ship-building; but here the air is very hot and unhealthy. It is traversed from east to west by the Rio Grande de Santiago, which communicates with the great lake of Chapala. This intendancy was reckoned one of the most valuable in the viceroyalty. Humboldt estimated the value of its agricultural produce in 1802 to be about L.500,000, and its manufactures of woollens, calicoes, tanned hides, and soap, at L.700,000. The chief mines of Guadalaxara are those of Bolanos, Asientos de Ibarra, Hostiotipaquillo, Copalo, and Guichichila. This intendancy contains two cities, six towns, and 322 villages. Guadalaxara, the provincial capital, is situated on the left bank of the Rio de Santiago, in latitude 20. 50. north, and longitude 105. west. It was founded in 1551, and in 1570 was created an episcopal city, the see of Compostella being removed here. It possesses some flourishing manufactures, and, according to the latest accounts, the population amounts to above 70,000. If this be a correct statement, the city must have made very rapid advancement; for Humboldt, an accurate observer, states the population in 1803 at only 19,500. Compostella, the other city, claims a higher antiquity than Guadalaxara. It is situated to the south of Tepic, in latitude 21. 20. north, and longitude 106. 11. west; but little else is known of it except its situation. Indeed, information regarding this intendancy is very scanty, a considerable portion of it still remaining undescribed. There is here a volcanic mountain called Colima, which frequently throws up ashes and smoke. Its elevation is computed to be 9000 feet above the level of the sea, and it forms the western extremity of the volcanic chain which traverses Mexico
GUADALCANAL, a town of Spain, in the province of Estremadura. It is the principal mining port of the kingdom. The silver mines have been worked by private companies, most of whom were foreigners. Μ. Vauquelin, a French chemist, discovered, in analysing some ore, that it contained one tenth of its weight in platina, a metal hitherto only found in two small spots in South America, and recently[7:11:12] in Russia. The interruption given to these mining companies, by the invasion of the French armies, has not yet permitted them to continue their labours; but at some future period they will be resumed, and most probably with great success; and there are more sanguine hopes now entertained, from the great success that, within a few years, the miners for lead have experienced.
GUADALQUIVIR, a Spanish river which rises in the Sierra Cazoria, runs for 255 miles through Jaen and Seville, and falls into the ocean near St Lucar. It is navigable for fifty-five miles above Seville. Its tributary streams are the Guadiana el Minor, Almudicl, Guadalbon, Guadiato, and Xenil.
GUADALUPE, a low chain of mountains in Spain, which nowhere rise higher than 2307 feet. It begins at Tembleque in Toledo, under the name of the Sierra de Marchal, and ends in the Portuguese province of Estremadura, with the mountains of Espichel.
GUADARRAMA, a chain of Spanish mountains, which begins near Xalon and Tajuña, passes through Castille and Leon, and extends to the sea in the Portuguese province of Beira. One of its highest points is the Penaglada, which is 8502 feet above the level of the sea.

Guadarrama, a Spanish river, which rises on a hill of the same name, and falls into the Tagus near Mazallabeas.
GUADIANA, a river of Spain, which rises out of the earth in Mancha, in the Lagunen of Ruidera, runs twenty-five miles and a quarter north-west, and, after disappearing under the earth, rises to light again in Estremadura, runs through a part of Portugal, and falls into the ocean on the confines of Algarve, near Rebondela. Its whole course is 347 miles, and it is navigable for forty-six miles and a quarter. Its tributary streams are, Bullaque, Suja, Mutachel, Guadayra, Ardila, Albarragena, and Chaya.
GUADIN, a small city in the kingdom of Granada, in Andalusia, in Spain. It is situated on a river of the same name, which falls into the Guadalquivir. The surrounding country is productive of fruits, oil, and wine, and near it are the medicinal baths of Graena, much resorted to by invalids. There are manufactories here for sail-cloth, linen, silks, and clasp-knives. It is the seat of a bishop, and contains a cathedral. Its population amounts to 8314 souls.
GUALIOR, a strong and very celebrated fortress of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, in a very elevated situation on a hill, one and a half mile in length, but in few places exceeding 300 yards in breadth. At the north end the sides are so steep as to be nearly perpendicular, and its height is 342 feet. It has several reservoirs of good water, and a small river runs close past it. A stone parapet extends all round the slope of the hill, behind which are collected piles of round stones, which form an excellent defence, and it was judged unassailable until it was stormed in 1780 by Major Popham. The town, which stands at the bottom of the hill, is large and populous, and contains many good houses of stone, which is furnished in abundance by the neighbouring hills, that form an amphitheatre round the town and fort at the distance of from one to four miles. The town carries on an extensive trade with the Mahratta and British territories, and derives also considerable benefit from the Mahommedan pilgrims, who visit the town of Ghose al Alum, a celebrated religious person, who is interred within the fort. Gualior is of such antiquity that its origin is lost in remote tradition. It must have been at all times a military post of great consequence, both from its central situation, and its peculiar position, which in the estimation of the natives rendered it impregnable. It is first mentioned in authentic history in the year 1023, when it was summoned by Sultan Mahmoud of Ghiz-πi. It was taken by the Mahommedans in the year 1194, and was used as a state prison, in which several princes met their death from opium or the dagger. On the decline of the Mogul empire, it was taken by the Mahrattas, and afterwards by the British, as mentioned above, in 1780. It was· subsequently taken possession of by Scindia, and during the war of 1804 it again surrendered to the British troops after a breach was made in the walls. It was not, however, taken possession of by them, and by the treaty with Scindia in 1805 it was ceded to that chief. The travelling distance from Delhi is 197 miles, from Lucknow 211, from Benares 355, from Nagpour 480, from Calcutta by Birbhoom 805 miles. Long. 78. 14. E. Lat. 26. 18. N.
GUAM, or Guahon, one of the Ladrone Islands, in the Eastern Seas. It is a large island, about 120 miles in circuit, high and shelving on each side, and fenced with steep rocks, against which the surf perpetually beats. [7:11:13]There is a harbour on the west side, in which there are several small bays. The climate is mild and salubrious, and the soil yields a great profusion of vegetables and fruits, particularly guavas, bananas, cocoas, oranges, and limes. Here the bread-fruit tree was first seen by the Europeans, who have since become more familiar with its manifold benefits in the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. Capers are also produced from a shrub which is indigenous to the soil. The native inhabitants of this island are stout and well made, copper-coloured, and have long black hair. They are dispersed in twenty-one hamlets or villages situated along the coast, the interior being overrun with woods, and in a state of nature; and they all pursue agriculture to the neglect of the fisheries. A town called Agana, built by the Spaniards, stands on the shore, about twelve miles from the harbour, which is defended by a strong battery. The population is uncertain. The island was discovered by Magellan in 1521, and at that time the inhabitants, a wild and savage race, were numerous. But they were greatly reduced, by the barbarity of the Spanish invaders, from many thousands to about 800 or 900. The whole are collected in Guam, and by lenient treatment they had been augmented to 1500. But there is ∙ no recent enumeration of them.
GUAMANGA, a town of Peru, in South America. It was founded by Pizarro, on the site of an Indian village of the same name, for the convenience of trade between Cuzco and Lima. It contains a splendid cathedral, two parochial churches, seven monasteries, three nunneries, and about 26,000 inhabitants. Long. 73. 57. W. Lat. 12. 56. S. It is situated in a district or province of the same name, which is very fertile in green pasture.
GUANAXUATO, a state, formerly an intendancy, of Mexico is bounded on the north by San Luis Potosi, on the east by Mexico on the south by Mechoacan, and on the north-west by Guadalaxara and Zacatecas. It lies wholly on the ridge of the Cordillera, and, according to Humboldt, its length from the Lake of Chapala to the north-east of San Felipe is fifty-two leagues, and its breadth from Celaya to Villa de Leon is thirty-one leagues. It is one of the finest and most populous states in Mexico and is famous for its rich mines. It comprehends three cities, four or five towns, thirty-seven villages, and thirty-three parishes. Guanaxuato has a surface of 911 square leagues, and the number of inhabitants are estimated at about half a million. Santa Fe de Guanaxuato, the capital, is romantically situated amidst a labyrinth of porphyritic hills, which environ it completely, and also intersect it. A narrow defile leads into the city, and when first entered no idea of its extent can be formed. When viewed from some neighbouring heights, in some places it is seen spreading out into the form of an amphitheatre, in others stretching along a narrow ridge, whilst the ranges of the houses, accommodated to the broken ground, present the most fantastical groups. The city is well built of hewn stone, and contains three convents, a college, two chapels, and five hermitages. The mines in the district of Guanaxuato are the most productive in the world. Those of Valenciana were famous for the extent of the excavations and quantity of precious metal which they produced. Guanaxuato is also an agricultural district. The lands are fertile, and cultivated to the base of the mountains. The city, however, suffers from two evils. The only water which can be had is that collected in cisterns by the wealthy inhabitants; and those who do not possess these private tanks have to purchase the water, at rather a high rate, from individuals who gain a livelihood by bringing it from a large reservoir distant about two miles from the city. During the rainy season, also, the city is liable to be injured by the torrents which rush from the mountains down the ravine in which the city stands. According to Humboldt, the population of Guanaxuato in 1802 was within the city 41,000, and in the suburbs and mines surrounding it 29,600, making a total of 70,600 inhabitants. From a census taken in 1822, however, the inhabitants of the city amounted to 15,379, and the total population was only 35,733. The town or suburb of Valenciana alone formerly contained a population of 22,000 souls. It is now in ruins, and does not contain more than 4000 inhabitants. Guanaxuato is situated in long. 100. 55. W. and lat. 0. 21. N.
GUANCA VELICA, a town of Peru, and capital of a jurisdiction of the same name. The district is bleak and cold, but famous for its mines of mercury. The town stands in a breach of the Andes, 12,308 feet above the ocean level. It is rich, but it has declined from its former opulence, and the population is now reduced to about 5000. It is situated in long. 74. 46. W. and lat. 12. 45. S.
GUARANTEE, or Warrantee, in Law, a term relative to warrant or warranter, and properly signifying him whom the warranter undertakes to indemnify or secure from damage.

Guarantee is more frequently used for a warranter, or a person who undertakes and obliges himself to see a second person perform what he has stipulated to a third.
GUARANTY, in matters of polity, the engagement of mediatorial or neutral states, by which they plight their faith that certain treaties shall be inviolably observed, or that they will make war against the aggressor.
GUARDA, a city of Portugal, in the province of Beira. It is situated near the head of the river Mondego, on one branch of the Sierra de Estrella. It is a very ancient place, and the old walls with turrets, and a castle, are still [7:11:15]in existence, though the city has retrograded towards decay. It has some manufactures of woollen cloths, amounting to 120 looms. It is the seat of a bishop, and contains 707 houses, and 2298 inhabitants.
GUARDIA, a town of Spain, not far from Cedron, in the province of Toledo, with 3344 inhabitants.

Guardia-Alferez, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, and in the Contado di Molise, with a bishop’s see. Long. 14. 56. E. Lat 4L 39. N.
GUARDIAN, in Laus, a person who has the charge of anything; but it more commonly signifies one who has the custody and education of such persons as have not sufficient discretion to take care of themselves and their own affairs, as children and idiots.

Guardian, or Warden, of the Cinque Ports, is an officer who has the jurisdiction of the Cinque Ports, with all the power which the admiral of England has in other places.

Camden relates, that the Romans, after they had established their empire in our island, appointed a magistrate, or governor, over the eastern parts, where the Cinque Ports are situated, with the title of Comes littoris Saxonici per Britanniam, having another, who bore the like title, on the opposite side of the sea. Their business was to strengthen with munitions.the sea-coast against the outrages and robberies of barbarians; and the same antiquary considers our warden of the Cinque Ports to have been instituted in imitation of this officer.

Guardian of the Spiritualities, the person to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of any diocese is committed during the time the see is vacant. A guardian of the spiritualities may likewise be either such in law, as the archbishop is of any diocese within his province, or by delegation, as he whom the archbishop or vicar-general for the time appoints. Any such guardian has power to hold courts, and grant licenses, dispensations, probates of wills, &c.
GUARNIX, a town of Spain, in the province of Old Castille. It is situated on the river Santander, and on its banks are founderies both for brass and iron cannon. In a dock-yard there are conveniences for repairing large ships; and some of the largest line-of-battle ships in the royal navy were built here.
GUASTALLA, a duehyin Italy, between Modena and [7:11:16] •the Austrian province of Mantua. It is thirty-three square miles in extent, containing the city of the same name, and four small places, with 7200 inhabitants, who cultivate with great care and success wheat, barley, rice, maize, olives, and silk, and breed many black cattle. The city stands in a marshy situation, at the junction of the Crostolo with the Po. It is surrounded with walls and ditches, has an ancient castle, several churches, and 5500 inhabitants, who carry on the trades of spinning and weaving silk. Long. 10. 34. 26. E. Lat. 44. 54. 57. N.
GUAYAQUIL, an important department of that portion of the South American continent which until recently was designated Colombia; but since the separation of that republic into three different states, Guayaquil, it is presumed, belongs now to that part of Colombia which has resumed the name of New Grenada. It extends along the shores of the Pacific Ocean for about 200 miles, but having a very irregular figure, and being separated into two parts by an arm of the sea. The breadth cannot be determined with any degree of accuracy; it does not however exceed sixty or seventy miles. The country is very fertile, particularly in cocoa, for which there has always been a demand equal to the supply. This has been estimated at 600,000 fanegas, of three bushels each, which sells sometimes at seven dollars per fancga. There are also large plantations of tobacco; timber and salt are exported in vast quantities; and in the savannahs are reared great numbers of horned cattle, mules, and horses, which are driven into the interior. The capital of this department, which bears the same name, is situated on the Bay of Guayaquil, in longitude 79. 4L 15. west, and latitude 2. 11. 30. south. It was founded by Pizarro in 1533, and is now one of the most flourishing cities in South America. The houses are irregularly but picturesquely scattered along the sides and top of a hill. They are commodious and handsome, but the public edifices are destitute of any degree of splendour. The dockyard is of very considerable extent, and vessels of great size have been built here. The fruit of this place is remarkably fine; the plantain in particular is highly relished; but animal food is of inferior quality. Guayaquil is infested with insects and reptiles of a very annoying and even dangerous description. Mosquitoes and other flies, whose bite is most tormenting, abound in the atmosphere; whilst the ground is covered with snakes, centipedes, and other filthy reptiles. The ants are so numerous, that often when articles of diet served up at table are cut open, thousands of these' animals are seen making their escape in all directions, leaving the interior a complete vacuity. Alligators and caymans swarm on the coast, and so great is their fecundity, that no exertion can limit or reduce their numbers. Guayaquil contains about 20,000 inhabitants, (r. r. r.)
GUAYRA, a district of the province of La Plata, in South America, having Brazil on the east, and Paraguay on the west.
GUBBIO, or Eugubio, a town of the delegation of Urbino, in the papal dominions, in Italy, at the foot of the Apennines, containing 4000 inhabitants, who conduct manufactories of woollen and silk, and of wax bleaching.
GUBEN, a city of Prussia, the capital of the circle of the same name, in the province of Frankfort. It stands on the river Neisse, which is navigable to the Oder, is surrounded with walls, and contains 850 houses, and 7960 inhabitants, who carry on various manufactures in woollen [7:11:21] and linen goods, and other commodities. Long. 12. 40. E. Lat. 51. 58. N.
GUBI, a town of Hindustan, in the rajah of Mysore’s territories. It is a mean looking place, and dirty; but it carries on a considerable trade, and many of the inhabitants are prosperous. Here is held one of the greatest weekly fairs in the country. It is said to have been founded 400 years ago, by the Polygars, who were entirely dispossessed by Tippoo, but, on his overthrow, returned to their original profession of cultivators. Long. 77. 10. E. Lat. 13. 7. N.
GUDARAH, a district of Hindustan, in the Gujerat province, situated about the 23d degree of north latitude. It is mountainous and woody. The principal towns are Gundarah and Lunawara. The chief river is the Mahy.
GUDGEON, a species of cyprinus. See Ichthyology.
GUEBRES, or Gabres. See Gabres.
GUELPHS, or Guelfs, a celebrated faction in Italy, antagonists of the Ghibelins. See Ghibelins.

The Guelphs and Ghibelins filled Italy with blood and carnage for many years. The Guelphs stood for the pope, against the emperor; the Ghibelins for the emperor against the pope. The rise of the Guelphs is referred by some to the time of Conrad III. in the twelfth century; by others to that of Frederick II.; and by others, again, to that of his successor Frederick II. in the thirteenth century. The name of Guelph is commonly said to have been formed from Welfe, or Welfo. The Emperor Conrad III. having taken the duchy of Bavaria from Welfe VI., brother of Henry duke of Bavaria, Welfe, assisted by the forces of Roger king of Sicily, made war on Conrad, and thus gave birth to the faction of the Guelphs. But some derive the name Guelfs from the German Wolff, on account of the grievous evils committed by that cruel faction; and others deduce it from the name of a German called' Guelfe, who lived at Pistoye, adding, that his brother, named Gibel or Ghibel, gave his name to the Ghibelins.
GUERANDE, a city of France, in the department of the Lower Seine, and, next to Nantes, the largest of the department. It is situated on the sea-shore, on the declivity of a hill covered with vineyards, is surrounded with fortifications, and contains 7250 inhabitants, who carry on manufactures of linen and of cotton. Near to it are salt marshes, from which a supply of 15,000 tons of salt is annually made by natural evaporation. Long. 2. 31. 31. W. Lat. 47. 19. 39. N.
GUERCINO. See Barbieri.
GUERICKE, Otto, or Oruo, a German philosopher of considerable eminence, was born in 1602, and died at Hamburg in 1686. In conjunction with Torricelli, Pascal, and Boyle, he contributed much towards the explanation of the properties of air. He was counsellor to the elector of Brandenburg, and burgomaster of Magdeburg; but his greatest celebrity was derived from his philosophical discoveries, and in particular from the invention of the air-pump. Much about the same time Mr Boyle indeed made approaches towards the discovery of this instrument, but with that candour which is ever the characteristic of great and enlightened minds, he confessed that the merit of it belonged exclusively to Guericke, the accounts of whose experiments first enabled him to bring his design to any thing like maturity. Our author has also the merit of inventing the two brass hemispheres, by which the pressure of the air is illustrated; and an instrument for determining the changes in the state of the atmosphere, which fell into disuse on the invention of the barometer. By consulting his tube he predicted approaching storms, on which account he was deemed a sorcerer by the multitude. It is worthy of observation, that when his brass hemispheres were applied to each other, and the air exhausted, it resisted the efforts of sixteen horses to draw them asunder. He composed several treatises in natural philosophy, the principal of which is entitled Experimenta Magdeburgica, 1672, folio, which contains his experiments on a vacuum.
GUETARIA, a town of Spain, in lat. 43.18. 30. N., in the province of Guipuscoa, with a port in the Bay of Biscay[7:11:22]. It is remarkable as the birthplace of a celebrated navigator, Don Juan Sebastian del Cano, whose statue is in the principal square. It contains 300 families.
GUGAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Sinde, and district of Tatta. It stands on a hill, and is bounded on two sides by a rivulet. In the surrounding country there are some large trees, and the soil is remarkably fertile. The town has not much trade, but is well supplied with provisions. The country is low, and so intersected by branches of the Indus that it is flooded at particular seasons of the year. Long. 68. 7. E. Lat. 24. 45. N.