pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
HARTLEY, or Hartley Pans, a sea-port town in the ward of Castle, in the county of Northumberland, a portion of the parish of Earsdon, 283 miles from London. It has a good harbour near it, and some valuable coal mines; and there are extensive establishments for making glass, salt, and copperas. It is the property of the family of Delaval, whose magnificent seat and elegant gardens are about a mile from it; and the harbour, as well as the improvements, have been the result of the operations of that noble family. The population amounted in 1801 to 1639, in 1811 to 1872, in 1821 to 1795, and in 1831 to 1850.
HARUSPICES, an order of priests amongst the Romans. Their name is derived, according to Donatus (Ter. Phorm. iv. 5), from liaruga, a victim, though others have referred its origin to the word ara, an altar. Dionysius (ii. 22) explains it by the word inspector of the victims, and states that Romulus appointed three, one from each tribe. This number was gradually increased, till it became an important body in the state, was regarded as a collegium, and its president was called Summus Haruspex, or Magister Publicus. In the flourishing period of the republic, it enjoyed great influence, from the explanation it was called on to give of omens, which were taken at the commencement of any important undertaking; but in proportion as the doctrines of the Greek philosophers spread amongst the Romans, the Haruspices gradually lost their influence, at least amongst the higher ranks. Cato used frequently to say that he was surprised the Haruspices did not laugh when they met one another in the street. (Cic. Nat. Div. i. 26.) The Emperor Claudius made an attempt to revive their importance, and the Pontifices received an order to report as to the best way of accomplishing this object; but how far he succeeded we have no means of discovering. (Tacit. Ann. xi. 15.) Alexander Severus appointed fixed salaries to the members of this body, and teachers, who should instruct the young in the arts of soothsaying (Lamprid. 44); and they continued in this state till Constantine put an end to their functions, by forbidding, under the penalty of death, the continuation of their superstitious practices. (Codex Theodos. 9, tit. 16.) The duties of the Haruspices were to examine the entrails of victims sacrificed, and thence to derive omens of futurity. They also attended to the flame, the smoke, whether the victim came to the altar willingly, stood quietly, fell by one stroke, and many other circumstances of the same kind. Their knowledge of this art was derived from the Etruscans; and in early times the young nobility used to be sent to Etruria to be instructed in this art. (Cic. Div. i. 2, 4L)
HARVEST, probably derived from a Saxon word signifying herb feast, is that season of the year when the corn is ripe, and fit to be reaped and gathered into barns.

HΑRVEST-Home denotes the feast which is often observed at the close of harvest, and also the song used on that occasion.
HARVEY, Dr William, an illustrious English physician, the discoverer of the circulation of the blood, was born in Kent on the 2d of April 1569. After six years of study in Caius College, Cambridge, he travelled through France, Germany, and Italy, and was created a doctor of physic in the University of Padua, where he studied for some time. After his return to London, he was incorporated doctor of physic in Cambridge, afterwards admitted into the College of Physicians in London, and, lastly a [7:11:158]appointed lecturer of anatomy and surgery in that college. In these lectures he disclosed his discovery relative to the circulation of the blood, which, after a variety of experiments, he communicated to the world in his Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis. He was physician to James I. and to Charles I., and adhered to the royal cause in the reign of the latter. His works have immortalised his memory. In 1651 he published his Exercitationes de Generatione Animalium. In 1654 he was chosen president of the College of Physicians in his absence; but his age and weakness were so great, that he found himself unable to discharge the duty of the office, and therefore desired the college^ to choose Dr Pringle. As he had no children, he settled his paternal estate upon the college. He had three years previously built a combination-room, a library, and a museum; and in 1656 he brought the deeds of his estate, and presented them to the college. He was also present at the first festival, instituted by himself, and to be continued annually, together with a commemoration speech in Latin, to be spoken on the 18th of October, in honour of the benefactors to the college. He appointed a handsome stipend for the orator, and also for the keeper of the library and museum, which are still called by his name. This great physician, who died in 1657, had the happiness, in his lifetime, to find the clamours of ignorance, envy, and prejudice, against his doctrine, totally silenced, and to see it universally established. Dr Harvey was not only a great, but a truly excellent man; his modesty, candour, and piety, were equal to his knowledge; and the farther he penetrated into the wonders of nature, the more he felt disposed to venerate its great author.
HARVEY’S Isle, a low island in the Pacific Ocean, covered by the sea, and about twenty miles in circumference. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1773. Long. 158. 54. W. Lat. 19. 18. S.
HARWICH, a town in the hundred of Tendring, in the county of Essex, seventy-three miles from London. It is a seaport, situated at the junction of the river Stour and Orwell, which enter the German Ocean. It was once fortified, but the works were demolished in the civil wars of Charles I.; but towards the sea it is defended by a battery. From this place the packets depart for Holland twice every week. There are good dock-yards for building and repairing ships; and some fisheries are carried on in the North Sea. It is governed by a mayor, eight aldermen, a recorder, and some burgesses; and it returns two members to the House of Commons. There are now about 200 voters. The mayor is empowered to hold an admiralty court. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 2761, in 1811 to 3732, in 1821 to 4010, and in 1831 to 4297.
HARZGERODE, a city, the capital of a bailiwick of the same name, in the duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg, in Germany. It is situated in a mountainous district, 1440 feet above the sea. It contains 350 houses, and 2430 inhabitants. It is surrounded with walls built of marble, with which kind of stone the streets are also paved. The chief employment is in the mines of iron, and in the quarries of marble.
HASELMERE, a town of the county of Surrey, in the hundred of Godalming, forty-three miles from London. It is an ancient borough, and had the right of returning two members to the House of Commons till 1832, when it was disfranchised. It has a small market on Friday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 642, in 1811 to 756, in 1821 to 887, and in 1831 to 849.
HASLAH, a town of Hindustan, in the Sikk territories, and province of Lahore, 154 miles north-east from the city of Lahore. Long. 75. 32. E. Lat. 33. 20. N.
HASLINGDEN, a market-town of the county of Lancaster, in the hundred of Blackburn., 200 miles from Lon-ř don, and fourteen from Manchester. It forms part of the parish of Whalley, which is denominated a chapelry. It has water communication by a canal with Manchester, Leeds, ' and Liverpool; and makes cotton and linen goods for the merchants of these places. The population amounted in 1801 to 4404, in 1811 to 5127, in 1821 to 6595, and in 1831 to 7776.
HASPARREN, a town of the arrondissement of Bayonne, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, in France, is situated on the river Hilspide, and contains 525 houses, with 4156 inhabitants.
HASSAN Keela, a strong castle of Armenia, situated on a high mountain. It is inhabited by 4000 Turks and 1000 Armenians, and its mineral waters are in great repute.
HASSELQUIST, Frederick, a well-known traveller, was a native of East Gothland, and born in the year 1722. He prosecuted his medical and botanical studies at Upsal. Linnaeus having represented in his lectures the important advantages which might be gained by travelling through Palestine, which was at that time but little known, Hasselquist felt the fire of ambition burn within him at the declaration of his master. As the crown gave no pecuniary encouragement for undertakings of this description, extensive collections were made by private individuals, especially from the country of our author, and stipends were granted him by all the faculties in the University of Upsal. Protected in this manner, he began his journey in the summer of 1749, and, through the influence of Lagerström, obtained a passage to Smyrna in a Swedish East Indiaman. He arrived at Smyrna about the latter end of the year, and met with the most friendly reception from the Swedish consuls. In the beginning of 1750 he set out for Egypt, and remained about nine months in the metropolis of that country, whence he transmitted to Linnaeus some specimens of his researches, which, after they were published, obtained the approbation of the public. By the influence of Dr Wargentin, a collection of ten thousand dollars of copper currency was made for the encouragement of young Hasselquist in the prosecution of his researches. In the spring of 1751, he passed through Jaffa to Jerusalem, and returned afterwards to Smyrna by way of Rhodes and Scio, having completely fulfilled the expectation of his country; but he did not live long enough to reap the fruits of his labours. His lungs were affected by the burning deserts of Arabia; and after languishing for some time in great distress, he expired in February 1752, before he had completed the thirtieth year of his age. An account of his voyage was published by Linnaeus, by whom his memory was honoured with a plant which he called Hasselquistia.
HASSELT, a city of the Netherlands, in the province of Limburg, and the capital of a circle of its own name. It is situated on the river Demer, is tolerably well built, and contains about 1000 houses and 6840 inhabitants. There is some trade in linen and woollen goods, and in madder and tobacco, which are extensively cultivated in the vicinity. Long. 5. 9. E. Lat. 50. 55. N.
HASSER, a town and fortress of Hindustan, in the province of Khandesh, and capital of a district of the same name, situated between the 21st and 22d degrees of north latitude. The land is fertile, and tolerably well watered by the Tuptee and Poornah. It is of a hilly surface, on which the native chiefs have erected fortifications. The town is fifteen miles north from Boorhanpoor. Long. 76. 21. E. I,at. 21. 32. N.
HASTA, or Hasta Pura, amongst medallists, signifies a kind of spear or javelin, not shod or headed with iron; or rather an ancient sceptre, somewhat longer than ordinary, and occasionally given to all the gods. The hasta is supposed to be a symbol of the goodness of the gods, [7:11:159]and of the conduct of providence, which is equally mild and forcible.

Hasta, in some countries, is a measure or quantity of ground amounting to thirty paces, and so called, according to Du Cange, from the hasta or rod wherewith it was measured.
HASTEE, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Aurungabad, belonging to the nizam, forty miles southeast from Jalnapoor. Long. 76. 53. E. Lat. 19. 32. N.
HATCH, or Hatchway, a square or oblong opening in the deck of a ship. Of these there are several, forming .passages from one deck to another, and into the hold or lower apartments.
HATCHEL, or Hitchel, in the manufactory of flax or hemp, a tool, not unlike a card, for dressing and combing them into fine hairs. Hitch els consist of sharp-pointed iron pins, or teeth, set orderly in a board. Of these there are several sorts, some with finer and shorter teeth, others with coarser and longer.
HATCHES, in mining, a term used in Cornwall to express openings of the earth either into mines or in search of them. The fruitless openings are called essay-hatches ; the real mouths of the veins, tin-hatches ; and the places where they wind up the buckets of ore, wind-hatches. Hatches also denote flood-gates set in a river, to stop the current of the water, and in particular certain dams or mounds made of rubbish, clay, or earth, to prevent the water issuing from the stream-works and tin-washes in Cornwall from running into the fresh rivers.
HATCHET, a small light sort of axe, with a basil edge on its left side, and a short handle, being used with one hand. Hatchets are used by various artificers, and more particularly in hewing wood.
HATCHING, the maturating fecundated eggs, whether by the incubation and warmth of the parent bird, or by artificial heat, so as to produce young chickens alive.
HATCHMENT, in Heraldry, the coat-of-arms of a person dead, usually placed on the front of a house, by which the rank of the deceased may be known; the whole being [7:11:168]distinguished in such a manner as to enable the beholder to know whether he was a bachelor, a married man, or a widower. There are similar distinctions for women.
HATFIELD, a market-town of the county of Hertford, in the hundred of Broadwater, twenty miles from London. It stands on the side of a hill. The church is remarkably neat; but the most remarkable object is the magnificent seat of the Marquis of Salisbury, with the beautiful park in which it stands. It was formerly the palace of the Bishop of Ely, but has been much adorned and improved by the noble family that now possesses it. There is a good market on Thursday. The population amounted in 1801 to 2442, in 1811 to 2677, in 1821 to 3215, and in 1831 to 3593.

Hatfield, a town of the west riding of the county of York, in the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, 167 miles from London. A large chase once belonged to this town, a part of which was drained in the reign of Charles I. An extensive enclosure in 1811 has tended to increase and enrich the inhabitants. The population amounted in 1801 to 1301, in 1811 to 1487, in 1821 to 1948, and in 1831 to 2148.

Hatfield-Broad-Oak, a market-town of the county of Essex, in the hundred of Harlow, twenty-six miles from London. It receives the addition to its name from the great number of spreading oaks around it, in what was formerly a royal domain. The church is a fine old Gothic structure. The town had a market on Thursday, which has gradually decayed. The population amounted in 1801 to 1436, in 1811 to 1321, in 1821 to 1693, and in 1831 to 1825.:
HATHERLEIGH, a market-town of the county 'of Devon, in the hundred of Black Torrington, 200 miles from London. It stands on the small river Towridge, at its junction with the Ock. It is an ancient borough, governed by a port-reeve, and had till within a few years some manufactures of woollen goods, which have gradually decayed. It has a market, which is held on Friday. The population amounted in 1801 to 1218, in 1811 to 1380, in 1821 to 1499, and in 1831 to 1606.
HATRAS, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, the chief mart for the cotton produced in the province of Agra. It is thirty-three miles north-by-east from the city of Agra. Long. 78. E. Lat. 27. 40. N.
HATTEMISTS, in Ecclesiastical History, the name of a modern Dutch sect, so called from Pontian Van Hattern, a minister in the province of Zealand towards the close of the seventeenth century, who being addicted to the sentiments of Spinoza, was on that account degraded from his pastoral office. The Verschorists and Hattemists resemble each other in their religious systems, though they never so entirely agreed as to form one communion. The founders of these sects deduced from the doctrine of absolute decrees a system of fatal and uncontrollable necessity; they denied the difference between moral good and evil, and the corruption of human nature; and they concluded, that mankind were under no sort of obligation to correct their manners, improve their minds, or obey the divine laws; that the whole of religion consisted not in acting, but in suffering; and that all the precepts of Jesus Christ are reducible to this one, that we bear with cheerfulness and patience (he events which happen to us through the divine will, and make it our constant and only study to maintain a permanent tranquillity of mind. Thus far they agreed; but the Hattemists further affirmed, that Christ made no expiation for the sins of men by his death, but had only suggested, by his mediation, that there was nothing in us that could offend the Deity. This, according to them, was Christ’s manner of justifying his servants, and presenting them blameless before the tribunal of God. It was one of their principal tenets, that God does not punish men for their sins, but by their sins. These two sects, says Mosheim, still subsist, though they no longer bear the names of their founders.
HATTIA Isle, an island in the province of Bengal, situated at the mouth of the Ganges, between the latitudes of 22 and 23 degrees north; and supposed to have been formed by the mud washed down that river and the Brahmaputra. It is estimated to be fourteen miles in length by ten in breadth; it is low in the surface, and great part of it is covered by the spring tides. There is here a manufactory of salt by the Company, which is of a very good quality, and brings a high price at the Company’s sales. In J 607 the island was taken possession of by the Portuguese pirates, who retained it íbr several years; but it was recovered from them by the troops of the rajah of Arracan, and was retained for fifty years, till it was taken in 1664 by the nabob Shaista Khan. The climate is very unhealthy; and it is surrounded by sand-banks, and consequently difficult of approach from the sea.
HATTOCK, a shock of corn containing twelve sheaves, or, according to others, three sheaves laid together.
HAUL, an expression peculiar to seamen, signifying to pull a single rope, without the assistance of blocks or other such mechanical powers. When a rope is otherwise pulled, as by the application of tackles, or connection with blocks, the term is changed into bowsing. To Haul the Wind is to direct the ship’s course nearer to that point of the compass from which the wind blows.
HAUM, Halm, or Hawn, amongst farmers, denotes the stem or stalk of corn, peas, beans, or other grain, from the root to the ear.
HAUNCH, or Hanch, the Hip, or that part of the body between the ribs and the thigh.
HAURANCA Isle, one of the Amboyna Isles, in the Eastern Seas, about twenty-five miles in circumference. Long. 128. 40. E. Lat. 3. 40. S.
HAURIANT, in Heraldry, a term peculiar to fishes, and signifying their standing upright, as if they were refreshing themselves by sucking in the air.
HAUSRUCK, a circle in the Austrian province of the Upper Ens, extending over 360 square miles, containing two cities, eight market-towns, and 930 villages, with 12,378 houses, and 76,466 inhabitants.
HAUTBOY, a wind musical instrument, shaped much like the lute, only that it spreads and widens towards the bottom, and is sounded through a reed. The treble is two feet long, and the tenor goes a fifth lower when blown open; it has only eight holes, but the bass, which is five feet long, has eleven. The word is French, haut bois, or high wood; and this name is given to this instrument because the tone of it is higher than that of the violin.
HAUTE-FEUILLE, John, an ingenious mechanic, was born at Orleans in 1647. Though he embraced the condition of ecclesiastic, and ènjoyed several benefices, he applied almost his whole life to mechanics, in which he appears to have made great progress. He had a particular taste for clock-work, and made several discoveries in horology, which were of singular use. He claimed the discovery of moderating the vibration of the balance in watches by means of a small steel-spring, which has since been employed. He laid this discovery before the members of the Academy of Sciences in 1674; and the watches constructed on his principle are, by way of eminence, called pendulum-watches, not because they have real pendulums, but because they approach nearly to the justness of pendulums. Huygens perfected this happy invention; but the Abbé Haute-Feuille having declared himself the inventor, and obtained from Louis XIV. a patent for making watches with spiral springs, opposed the registering of this privilege, and published a pamphlet on the subject against Huygens. He wrote a great number of other pieces, most of which are small pamphlets, consisting of [7:11:169]a few pages, but very curious, as, 1. His Perpetual Pendulum, 4to; 2. New Inventions, 4to; 3. The Art of Breathing under Water, and the Means of Preserving a Flame shut up in a small Place; 4. Reflections on Machines for raising Water; 5. Opinion respecting the different Sentiments of Mallebranche and Regis, relating to the Appearance of the Moon when seen in the Horizon; 6. The Magnetic Balance; 7. A Placet to the King on the Longitude; 8. Letter on the Secret of the Longitude;

9. A New System on the Flux and Reflux of the Sea;

10. The Means of making Sensible Experiments that prove the Motion of the Earth; and many other pieces. He died in 1724.
HAUTPOUL, a town of the arrondissement of Castries, in the department of the Tarn, in France. It stands on a steep rock on the river Molle, and contains 676 houses, with 3340 inhabitants, who manufacture cassimeres, flannels, and other thin woollen goods.