pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
OLMUTZ, a city of the Austrian province of Moravia, the capital of a circle of the same name, which extends over 2090 square miles, and comprehends twenty-seven cities, twenty market-towns, and 795 villages, with 410,000 inhabitants. It is for the most part a mountainous country, and the principal rivers of the province have their sources in it. The southern part is the least hilly, and is a very fertile and well-cultivated district. The city, which stands on the river March, is fortified, and defended by a citadel, in which Lafayette was long a prisoner. It is a well-built place, being the see of an archbishop, and the seat of the administration of the province; and it has a lyceum, with a good library, twenty-six professors, and about 800 students, who are admitted to graduate in the four faculties of law, philosophy, medicine, and theology. It contains 680 houses, and, besides the military, about 12,000 inhabitants. It has little trade, and none but small manufactories. Long. 14. 4.45. E. Lat. 49. 32. 43. N.
OLNEY, a market-town in the hundred of Newport, in the county of Buckingham, fifty-six miles from London. It is built on the river Ouse, and consists chiefly of one long street. The only distinguished object is the parish church, a spacious building, with a spire 185 feet in height, being the most lofty of any in the county. There was formerly considerable occupation here for females in making bone lace; but it has nearly ceased, and been feebly replaced by making straw-plaiting for hats. This place was the residence of the poet Cowper, who drew much of his descriptions from the scenery around the town. There is a market on Monday, but it has much declined. The population amounted in 1801 to 2075, in 1811 to 2268, in 1821 to 2339, and in 1831 to 2418.
OLONEZ, a government or stadtholderate of Russia, so called from the city of the same name, and also the river which empties itself into the Lake of Ladoga. It extends in north latitude from 60. 29. to 66. 30., and in east longitude from 29.45. to 4L 37., and has a superficies of 83,314 square miles. It is very thinly peopled, containing not more than 350,000 inhabitants. The southern part of the province is level, and abounds in lakes and morasses, including in the former the large Lake of Ladoga. In the northern part a portion of the Scandinavian range of mountains enters from Sweden and Norway. The soil is generally sterile, and the climate ungenial; but the former produces some rye, barley, and oats, though the harvests rarely afford four times the quantity of seed that is sown. The most important products, besides grain, are derived from the forests, which are extensive, and, besides fuel, supply timber for building, as well as tar and pitch. There are some few mines of iron worked, and the quarries yield marble and other kinds of stone, enormous blocks of which are conveyed to St Petersburg for building. The province is divided into eight circles, which contain eight cities and 227 parishes.
OLOT, a large town in the north-east of Spain, in the province of Catalonia and district of Vique. It is situated on the river Fluvia, about twenty miles to the north-west of the city of Gerona, so celebrated for its gallant defence against the French. It is surrounded with walls, is tolerably well built, with several squares, and contains three parochial and two conventual churches, besides a large hospital. In the town there are 3000 houses, and about 15,000 inhabitants, and it is one of the most industrious places in the kingdom. It is particularly distinguished by its manufactures of silk goods, and of cotton and woollen stockings. It has, too, several establishments for making serges and corduroys, as well as coarser woollens; some mills for spinning cotton, several tanneries, some printed cotton works, several soap-making manufactories, and a large manufactory of cards. It also has a considerable trade in cork and in wool. Notwithstanding it has suffered severely by the loss of the trade to South America, and by the internal political dissensions, it has made considerable progress in all branches of industry.
OLPAR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, and district of Broach, seven miles north from Surat. Long. 73. 1. E. Lat. 21. 18. N. It is also a small district, which was settled as a private estate on the peishwa, by the Mahratta treaty of 1803, but was afterwards taken from him on account of his treacherous conduct.
OLUTORA, a river of Asiatic Russia, which falls into the Eastern Ocean near the peninsula of Kamtschatka. A fort has been constructed by the Russians on its bank, but this has been twice destroyed by the Koriaks, a singular race, who take the whale in nets formed of thick ropes.
OLYMPIAD, the space of four years, by which the Greeks reckoned time. According to the most accurate and learned computation of the moderns, the first Olympiad fell exactly 776 years before the first year of Christ, or 775 years anterior to his birth, in the year of the Julian period 3938, and twenty-two years before the building of the city of Rome. The games were exhibited at the time of the full moon next after the summer solstice; therefore the Olympiads were of unequal length, because the time of the full moon differs eleven days every year; for which reason they sometimes began the next day after the solstice, and at other times four weeks afterwards. The computation by Olympiads ceased, as some suppose, after the 304th, in the year 440 of the Christian era. It was universally adopted, not only by the Greeks, but by many of the neighbouring countries; though the Pythian games still served as an epoch to the people of Delphi and to the Boeotians, the Nemaean games to the Argives and Arcadians, and the Isthmian to the Corinthians and the inhabitants of the isthmus. To the Olympiads history has been greatly indebted. They have served to fix the time of many momentous events; and indeed before this method of computing time was observed, every page of history is mostly fabulous, being filled with such obscurity and contradiction, that no true chronological account can be properly established or maintained with certainty.
OM, a considerable river of Tobolsk, in Asiatic Russia, which rises in a lake, and, after a western course of about 500 miles, falls into the Irtysch.
OMA, one of the Molucca Islands, about nine miles in length and six in width, containing about 5000 inhabitants.
OMAR Ebn al Khattab, the successor of Abu-Bekr. We are informed that Omar was miraculously converted to the Mahommedan faith. Before this event he is said to have been truly respectable, and in particular a violent opposer of the Arabian prophet. Mahommed, it seems, felt this opposition, and regretted it; he, therefore, with all the fervour, and, as it happened, with all the success of [7:16:337]a true prophet, as his followers pretend, prayed for the conversion of his dangerous antagonist. Omar is said to have no sooner read the twentieth chapter of the Koran than he was convinced; upon which he instantly repaired to Mahommed and his followers, and declared his conversion. On the death of Abu-Bekr, who had succeeded the impostor himself, he was promoted to the regal and pontifical dignity. The title first assigned him was the “caliph of the caliph of the apostle of God or in other words, “the successor of the successor of Mohammed but the Arabs, considering that this title, by the addition to be annexed to it at the accession of every future caliph, would be too long, they, by universal consent, saluted him “the emperor of the believers ;” which illustrious title, conferred at this juncture upon Omar, descended afterwards to all the successors of that prince. He was assassinated by a Persian slave, who stabbed him in the mosque at Medina. This event took place in the twenty-third year of the Hegira, which began in the year of Christ 643. His extensive conquests rendered the Moslem empire one of the most powerful and formidable monarchies in the world.
OMBAY, an island in the Eastern Seas, forty-five miles in length and about thirteen in breadth. Its inhabitants are fierce and treacherous in their habits, so that it is dangerous for strangers to approach it. It is twenty miles west of Timor.
OMBROMETER, an instrument to measure the quantity of rain that falls. It consists of a tin funnel, the surface of which is an inch square, with a flat board, and a glass tube set into the middle of it in a groove. The rise of the water in the tube, the capacity of which at different times must be measured and marked, shows the quantity of rain that has fallen.
OMEERSEER, a village of Hindustan, in the province of Cutch, about four miles south from Luckput Bunder. Lat. 23. 43. N.
OMELET, or Oaíelette, a kind of pancake or fricassee of eggs, with other ingredients, very common in Spain and in France.
OMER, St, an arrondissement of the department of the Pas de Calais, in France. It extends over 450 square miles, and comprises seven cantons and 136 communes, with 105,020 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated on the river Aa. It has walls, broad streets, and well-built houses, a cathedral, six churches, a college, 2100 houses, and 19,032 inhabitants. It is a place of considerable manufactures of woollens, and where, by means of a canal connecting it with the city of Calais, there is a great internal trade in agricultural products. Long. 2. 9. 52. E. Lat. 50. 44. 52. N.
OMERCUNTUC, a district and town of Hindustan, in the province of Gundwana. It is a celebrated resort of Hindu pilgrimage. In the neighbourhood are found the sources of the three great rivers, the Soane, Nerbuddah, and the Mahanuddy, which adds to the sanctity of the place; the Hindus always evincing a great regard for the sources and the confluence of rivers. Long, of the town 82. 15. E. Lat. 22. 53. N.
OMERPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the nizam’s territories, in the province of Berar, eighty-two miles northeast from Julnapoor. Long. 77. 10. E. Lat. 20. 23. N.
OMOPHAGIA, an ancient Greek festival in honour of Bacchus, surnamed Omophayo s , 'or the eater of raw flesh. This festival was observed in the same manner with the other festivals of Bacchus, in which the celebrants counterfeited madness. What was peculiar to it was, that the worshippers used to eat the entrails of goats, raw and bloody, in imitation of the god, who was supposed to have done the same thing.
OMPHALE, in fabulous history, a queen of Lydia, the daughter of Jardanus. She married Tmolus, who at his death left her mistress of his kingdom. Omphale having been informed of the great exploits of Hercules, wished to see so illustrious a hero; and her wish was soon gratified. After the murder of Eurytus, Hercules fell sick, and was ordered to be sold as a slave, that he might recover his health and the right use of his senses. Mercury was commissioned to sell him, but Omphale bought him, and restored him to liberty. The hero became enamoured of his mistress, and the queen having favoured his passion, had a son by him, whom some call Agelaus, and others Lamon. From the son in question were descended Gyges and Croesus; but this opinion is different from the account which represents these'Lydian monarchs as having sprung from Alcaeus, a son of Hercules by one of the female servants of Omphale. Hercules is represented by the poets as so desperately enamoured of the queen, that, to conciliate her esteem, he span by her side amongst her women, whilst she covered herself with the lion’s skin, seized the club of the hero, and often struck him with her sandals for the uncouth manner in which he held the distaff.
OMRATTEE, a large, fortified, and trading 'town of Hindustan, in the province of Berar. It carries on an extensive trade in cotton, which is sent to Mirzapore by land carriage, a distance of 500 miles, and is sold in this celebrated mart for quadruple its original cost. Long. 78. 20. E. Lat. 20. 59. N.
OMREE, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Berar, belonging to the nizam. Long. 77. 64. E. Lat. 21. 7. N.
OMSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Tomsk, situated at the junction of the river Om with the Irtysch. It is intended as a barrier against the incursions of the Kirghises. It is an agreeable town, and the general’s house, the church, and the military school, are handsome edifices. It has always a garrison, and the inhabitants amount to 800. It is deficient in a supply of wood, which the coldness of the climate renders almost a necessary of life. The original fort was built in 1716, but was transferred to its present site in 1766. Long. 74. 54. E. Lat. 55. 4. N.
OMUDWARA, a district of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, and province of Malwah. It is a wild and uncultivated country, much covered with jungle; but where cultivated it is of great fertility, being intersected by the Sopra and Gilligsind Rivers.
ON, in Ancient Geography, a city of ancient Egypt, sa-çred to the sun, and on that account called by the Greeks Heliopolis. It was remarkable for the wisdom and learning of its priesthood, and for the spacious building in which they cultivated the studies of philosophy and astronomy. The priests of On were esteemed more noble than all the other priests of Egypt. They were always privy councillors and ministers of state; and therefore, when Pharaoh resolved to make Joseph his prime minister, he very wisely gave him in marriage a daughter of the priest of On, thereby incorporating him into the most venerable caste in Egypt. Bishop Warburton thinks that the superior nobility of the priests of On was chiefly owing to their high antiquity and great learning. That they were much addicted to the study of astronomy, we know from the testimony of Strabo; and indeed nothing is more probable than that they should have been attached to the study of that system over which their god, the Sun, presided, not only in his moral, but also in his natural capacity. The learned prelate affirms, that whether they received the doctrine from original tradition, or invented it at hazard, which last supposition he thinks more probable, it is certain they taught that the Sun is in the centre of its system, and that all the other bodies move round it in perpetual revolutions. “This noble theory,” he continues, “came with the rest of the Egyptian learning into Greece (being brought thither by Pythagoras, who received it from Oenuphis a priest of On); and after having given the most distinguished lustre to his school, it sunk into obscurity, and suffered a total eclipse throughout a long succession of learned and unlearned ages, till these times restored its ancient splendour, and immoveably fixed it on the unerring principles of science.” [7:16:340]
ONATEYA, or Onatiayo, one of the Marquis of Mendoza’s Islands, about five leagues to the east of Ohittahoo. It is three leagues in circumference, and of moderate elevation, with extensive woods and plantations. Long. 138. 55. E. Lat. 9. 55. S.
ONEEHO W, one of the Sandwich Islands, in the North Pacific Ocean, about forty miles in circumference. It contains abundance of yams, and a sweet root used by the inhabitants. The population is estimated at about 10,000.
ONEGA, a city of European Russia, in the province of Archangel. It is the capital of a circle of the same name, both so called from the river which waters a great part of the district, and at the mouth of which the city has been built. It is a small but well-built town, containing less than 2000 inhabitants, who subsist by trading in timber, pitch, and tar, and by exporting oats in some seasons to Norway. It has some trade in ship-building. It is about eighty miles from Archangel, and 916 from St Petersburg. Long. 38. 7. 40. E. Lat. 63. 53. 36. N.

Onega, a river and lake of the Russian empire. It is a hundred miles in length and forty in breadth, having a communication with the lake Ladoga, and consequently with St Petersburg. The river, which has its source in Cargapol, and gives its name to a country full of woods, falls into the white Sea.
ONEGLIA, a district of the province of Nice, in the kingdom of Sardinia, bounded on the south-east by the Gulf of Genoa, and on the other sides by the territory forming a part of that ancient republic. It is about ninety square miles in extent, and is almost covered with olive trees, which yield abundance of oil; besides which, wine, figs, silk, flax, and some corn, are produced. It was formerly considered as a principality, and gave the title of prince to the family of Doria. The principality was divided into three valleys; Oneglia, Maro, and Prela. The capital, bearing the name of the district, is about one mile to the eastward of Port Maurice, and a mile and three quarters from Cape Verde. It stands upon a plain on the sea-shore, and the river Impero falls into the Mediterranean Sea on its western side. It is surrounded with walls, and defended by three forts; one in the centre, and one at each end. The anchorage-ground is good, but open to the prevailing winds. There are several religious houses for both sexes, a gymnasium, and a governor’s palace. It contains about 4000 inhabitants. Long. 8. 2. E. Lat. 43. 53. N.
ONEIROCRITICA, the art of interpreting dreams, or a method of foretelling future events by means of dreams. The word is formed from the Greek oνειgoς, a dream, and κξιτικη, from κpσις, judgment. Some call it oneirocratica, and derive it from lνειοος, a dream, and κgατeω, I possess, or I command. It appears from several passages of Scripture, that, under the Jewish dispensation, there was such a thing as foretelling future events by dreams; but then a particular gift or revelation was expressly required for that purpose. Hence it has been inferred, that dreams are really significative, and forebode something to come; and all that is wanting amongst us is the oneirocritica, or the art of knowing what they foreshow. Yet it is the opinion of many that dreams are mere chimeras, bearing indeed some relation to what has passed, but none at all to what is to come. As to the case of Joseph, it was possible for God, who knew all things, to discover to him what still remained hidden in the womb of fate; and to introduce that disclosure, he might take the occasion of a dream.
ONEIROCRITICS, a title given to the interpreters of dreams, or those who judged of events from the circumstances of dreams. No great regard is to be paid to those Greek books called oneirocritics ; nor do we know why the patriarch of Constantinople, and others,shouldhave amused themselves with writing on so pitiful a subject. Rigault has given us a collection of the Greek and Latin works of this kind; one attributed to Astrampsichus, and another to Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople; and to these are added the treatises of Artemidorus and Achmet. But the books themselves are little else than reveries; a kind of waking dreams, to explain and account for sleeping ones. According to them, all the secrets of oneirocriticism consists in the relation supposed to exist between the dream and the thing signified; but they are far from keeping to the relations of agreement and similitude, and frequently have recourse to others of dissimilitude and contrariety. Concerning oneirocritics and oneirocritica, the unlearned reader will find much information in Warburton’s Divine Legation of Moses, and in the works to which he refers.
ONEVY, one of the Friendly Islands, in the Southern Pacific Ocean, near the north coast of Tongataboo.
ONGOLE, a district and town of Hindustan, in the province of the Carnatic, situated between the 15th and 16th degrees of north latitude. It was formerly dependent upon the principality of Cuddapah, and was afterwards incorporated with the Carnatic below the Ghauts, and in consequence came under the dominion of the nabob of Arcot, by whom it was transferred to the British in 1781. The principal rivers are the Mussy and the Gon· degamma; and the chief towns are Ongole, Courchier, and Sintalsheroo. Ongole was formerly a fortified town; but the fortifications, owing to the tranquil state of the country, have now been allowed to go to decay. It is 173 miles north by west from Madras. Long. 81. 1. E. Lat. 15. 31. N.
ONGOLOGUR, a town of Hindustan, possessed by independent zemindars, in the province of Orissa, fifty-five miles west from Cuttack. Long. 85. 20. E. Lat. 20. 36. N.
ONKELOS, surnamed the Proselyte, a famous rabbi of the first century, and author of the Chaldaic Targum on the Pentateuch. He flourished in the time of Jesus Christ, according to the Jewish writers, who all agree that he was, at least in some part of his life, contemporary with Jonathan Ben Uzziel, author of the second Targum upon the prophets. Prideaux thinks that he was the elder of the two, for several reasons, the chief of which is the purity of the style of his Targum, in which it comes nearest to that part of Daniel and Ezra which is in the Chaldaic, and being the truest standard of that language, is consequently the most ancient, since that language, as well as others, was in a constant fluctuation, and in every age continued deviating from the original. Nor does there appear to be any reason why Jonathan Ben Uzziel, when he undertook his Targum, should pass over the law, and begin with the prophets, except it be that he found Onkelos had done this work before him, and with a success which he could not exceed.

Azarias, the author of a book entitled Meor Enairn, or the “light of the eyes,” tells us, that Onkelos was a proselyte in the time of Hillel and Samnai, and lived to see Jonathan Ben Uzziel, one of the prime scholars of Hille). These three doctors flourished twelve years before Christ, according to the chronology of Gauz, who adds, that 0n- kelos was contemporary with Gamaliel the elder, St Paul’s master, who was the grandson of Hillel. However, he same Gauz, by his calculation, places Onkelos a hundred years after Christ, and, in order to adjust his opinion with that of Azarias, extends the life of Onkelos to a great length. The Talmudists tell us that he assisted at the funeral of Gamaliel, and was at a prodigious expense to render it magnificent. Prideaux observes, that the Targum of Onkelos is rather a version than a paraphrase, since it renders the Hebrew text word for word, and for the most part accurately 7 and exactly, and is by far the best of the kind; wherefore it has always been held amongst [7:16:341]the Jews in much greater esteem than the other Targums; and being set to the same musical notes with the Hebrew text, is thereby capable of being read in the same tone with it in their public assemblies. From the excellency and accuracy of the Targum of Onkelos, Prideaux also concludes that he must have been a native Jew, since, without having been bred up from his birth in the Jewish religion and learning, long exercised in all the rites and doctrines of both, and being also thoroughly skilled in both the Hebrew and Chaldaic languages, as far as a native Jew could be, he could scarcely have been thoroughly adequate to the work which he executed. The same author also thinks, that the representing him as a proselyte may have proceeded from the error of supposing him to have been the same with Akilas or Aquila of Pontus, author of the Greek Targum or version of the prophets and Hagiographia, and who was indeed a Jewish proselyte.
ONOMANCIA, or rather Onomantia, a branch of divination, which foretells the good or bad fortune of a man from the letters in his name. Upon much the same principle the young Romans were accustomed to toast their mistresses as often as there were letters in their names. Hence Martial says,

Naevia sex cyathis, septem Justina bibatur.