pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
SENATUS CONSULTUM, a part of the Roman law. When any public matter was introduced into the senate, which was always called referre ad senaturn, any senator whose opinion was asked was permitted to speak upon it as long as he pleased; and on that account it was often usual for the senators to protract their speeches until it was too late to determine. When the question was put, they passed to the side of that speaker whose opinion they approved, and a majority of votes was easily collected, without the trouble of counting the numbers. When the majority was known, the matter was determined, and a senatus consultum was immediately written by the clerks of the house, at the feet of the chief magistrates, and it was signed by all the principal members of the house. When there was not a sufficient number of members to make a senate, the decision was called senatus auctoritas; but it was of no force if it did not afterwards pass into a senatus consultum.

The senatus consulta were at first left in the custody of the kings, and afterwards of the consuls, who could suppress or preserve them; but about the year of Rome 304 they were always deposited in the temple of Ceres, and afterwards in the treasury by the ediles of the people.
SENDWAH, a town of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, and province of Khandesh, eighty-two miles from Boorhanpoor. Long. 75. 8. E. Lat. 21. 48. N.
SENESCHAL (Seneschallas), derived from the German sein, “a house or place,” and scale, “an officer,” is a steward, and signifies one who has the dispensing of justice in some particular cases: as the high seneschal or steward of England; seneschal de la hôtel de roi, “steward of the king’s household, seneschal or steward of courts.” ( co. Lit. 61; Croke’s Juried. 102; Kitch. 83.)
SENGBEST, a town of Persia, in the province of Khorassan, twenty-five miles south-east of Meshed.
SENGEN, a city of China, of the first rank, in Quangsce, situated in a small and mountainous district. Long. 107. 34. E. Lat 23. 24. N.
SENGOA, a village of Persia, in the province of Azerbijan, forty-eight miles south-east of Tabreez.
SENJEN, one of the largest islands of the kingdom of Norway, after Hindaen. It is separated from the continent by a narrow strait, and is about fifty miles in length and thirty-nine in breadth. It is surrounded by cliffs of more than 600 feet in height, which are covered with birch and pine trees; and, considering the climate, there are some tolerably good sections of pasture-land, upon which black cattle are reared. It comprehends three parishes, viz. Bergfiord cum Medfiord, with 370 inhabitants; Torask, with 350; and Tronoe, with 1560. There are two trading ports on the shore, Klowen and Gabostad, where small vessels repair.
SENLIS, an arrondissement of the department of the Oise, in France, which extends over 516 square miles. It contains seven cantons and 132 communes, with, in 1836, 78,790 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated on the river Nonnette, an ancient place, with walls built at some remote period. The cathedral is also antique, and has the loftiest tower in France. It contains nine churches, and 950 houses, with 5016 inhabitants.
SENNA, a town of Persia, the capital of the eastern part of Kurdistan, known under the name of the province of Ardelan. It is situated in the bosom of a luxuriant valley,[7:20:95] richly cultivated, and interspersed with orchards affording abundance of fruits of various kinds, namely, the peach, the aprico, the pear, apple, and cherry, besides producing tobacco and quantities of grain. It is a flourishing town, containing 8000 inhabitants, of which number 2000 are Jews, Armenians, and Nestorians, who trade to Mosul, Bagdad, and Ispahan. The town is surrounded by mountains, which are inhabited by wandering tribes of Kurds and Uiats. It is eighty miles south-east of Mosul. Lat. 35. 12. N.
SENNERTUS, Daniel, an eminent physician, was born in 1572, at Breslau. In 1593 he was sent to Wittemberg, where he made great progress in philosophy and in physic. He visited the universities of Leipsig, lena, Frankfort on the Oder, and Berlin; but he soon returned to Wittemberg, where he was promoted to the degree of doctor of physic, and soon afterwards to a professorship in the same faculty. He was the first who introduced the study of chemistry in to that university; and he gained a great reputation by his works and practice. He died of the plague at Wittemberg in 1637. By contradicting the ancients, he made himself enemies. He thought the seed of all living creatures animated, and that the soul of this seed produced organization.[7:20:96] He was accused of impiety for asserting that the souls of beasts are not material, for this was affirmed to be the same thing with asserting that they are immortal; but he rejected this consequence, as he well might do.
SENONES, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gallia Celtica, situated on the Sequana, to the south of the Parisii, near the confluence of the Jeauna or Yonne with the above-mentioned river. Their most considerable exploit was their invasion of Italy, and the taking and burning of Rome, as related under that article. This was done by a colony of them long before transported into Italy, and settled on the Adriatic. Their capital, Agendicum, in Gaul, was in the lower age called Senones, now Sens. In Italy the Senones extended themselves as far as the river Aesis, but were afterwards driven beyond the Rubico, which became the boundary of Gallia Cisalpina.
SENRAB, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Allahabad, and district of Callinger, on the east side of the river Cane, twenty-four miles north from the town of Callinger. Long. 80. 25. E. Lat. 25. 18. N.
SENS, an arrondissement in the department of the Yonne, in France, which extends over 422 square miles, and comprehends six cantons, divided into ninety communes, with a population in 1836 of 61,036 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated in a district rich in vines, on the river Yonne, where it is joined by the river Vannes. It has a cathcdral of great antiquity and beauty, and pleasing walks on the banks of the river; and it contains 9095 inhabitants, who make cotton goods, hats, hosiery, and silks. Long. 3. 12. 16. E. Lat 48. 11. 55. N.
SENSATION, in Philosophy, is the perception of external objects by means of the senses. See Metaphysics.
SENSE is a faculty of the soul, by which it perceives external objects by means of the impressions they make upon certain organs of the body. Sec MetaPHysIcs. common Sense is a term that has been variously used both by ancient and by modern writers. With some it has been synonymous with public sense; with others it has denoted prudence; in certain instances it has been confounded with some of the powers of taste; and, accordingly, those who commit egregious blunders with regard to decorum, saying and doing what is offensive to their company, and inconsistent with their own character, have been charged with a defect in common sense. Some men are distinguished by an uncommon acuteness in discovering the characters of others; and this talent has been sometimes called common sense, similar to which is that use of the term which makes it to signify that experience and knowledge of life which is acquired by living in society. To this meaning Quintilian refers, when speaking of the advantages of a public education. “Sensum ipsum qui communis dicitur, ubi discet, cum se a congressu, qui non hominibus solum, sed mutis quoque animalibus naturalis est, segregarit? (Lib. i. cap. 2.)

But the term common sense has in modem times been employed to signify that power of the mind which perceives truth, or commands belief, not by progressive argumentation, but by an instantaneous, instinctive, and irresistible impulse, derived neither from education nor from habit, but from nature, acting independently of our will, whenever its object is presented according to an established law, and therefore called sense; and acting in a similar manner upon all, or at least upon a great majority of mankind, and therefore called common sense. See Metaphysics. Moral Sense is a determination of the mind to be pleased with the contemplation of the affections, actions, or characters, of rational agents, which we call good or virtuous.

This moral sense of beauty in actions and affections may at first view appear strange. Some of our moralists themselves are offended at it in Lord Shaftesbury, as being accustomed to deduce every approbation or aversion from rational views of interest. It is certain that his lordship has carried the influence of the moral sense very far, and some of his followers have carried it farther. The advocates for the selfish system seem to drive their opinions to the opposite extreme; and we have elsewhere endeavoured to show that the truth lies between the contending parties. See Moral Philosophy.
SENSIBLE Note, in Music (derived from the French term note sensible), means simply the note which ascends by a semitone to the tonic or key-note of any scale, major or minor. For example, in scale of C, B to C; or in scale of A, G# to A, and so on. (See M usic .) This note is one of the marked characteristics of modern European tonality.
SENTENCE, in Law, a judgment passed in court by the judge in some process, either civil or criminal. See JuDGMENT.

Sentence, in Grammar, denotes a period, or a set of words comprehending perfect sense, or a sentiment of the mind. The business of pointing is to distinguish the several parts and members of sentences, so as to render the sense as clear, distinct, and full, as possible.

In every sentence there are two parts necessarily required; a noun for the subject, and a definite verb. Whatever is found more than these two, affects one of them, either immediately or by the intervention of some other, by which the first is affected.

Again, every sentence is either simple or compound. A simple sentence is that which consists of one single subject, and one finite verb. A compound sentence contains several subjects and finite verbs, either expressly or implicitly.

A simple sentence needs no point or distinction, but only a period to close it, as “A good man loves virtue for itself.” In such a sentence, the several adjuncts affect either the subject or the verb in a different manner. Thus the word good expresses the quality of the subject, virtue the object of the action, and for itself the end thereof. Now none of these adjuncts can be separated from the rest of the sentence; for if one be, why should not all the rest? and if all be, the sentence will be minced into almost as many parts as there are words. But if several adjuncts be attributed in the same manner either to the subject or the verb, the sentence becomes compound, and is to be divided into parts.

In every compound sentence, as many subjects or as many finite verbs as there are, either expressed or implied, so many distinctions may there be. Thus, “My hopes, fears, joys, pains, all centre in you;" and thus, “Catilina abiit, execssit, evasit, erupit." The reason of thus pointing is obvious; for as many subjects or finite verbs as there are in a sentence, so many members does it really contain. Whenever, therefore, there occurs more nouns than verbs, or contrariwise, they are to be conceived as equal; since, as every subject requires its verbs, so every verb requires its subject, with which it may agree, excepting, perhaps, in some figurative expressions.
SENTINEL, or SENTRY, in military affairs, is a private soldier placed in some post, to watch the approach of the enemy, to prevent surprises, or to stop such as would pass without orders or discovering who they are. They are placed before the arms of all guards, and at the tents and doors of general officers, colonels of regiments, &c.

Sentinel Perdu, a soldier posted near an enemy, or in some dangerous position, where he is in hazard of being lost.
Sentinel, Great and Little, are two islands in the Eastern Seas. The first is about ten miles in circumference, and is about twenty miles from the Greater Andaman. Long. 92. 40. E. Lat. 11. 36. N. The second is about eight miles from the Little Andaman. Long. 92. 23. E. Lat. 10. 59. N.
SEOUNY, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gundwana, sixty-eight miles north by east from the city of Nagpoor. Long. 80. 3. E. Lat. 22. 4. N.
Seouny, a town of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, and province of Khandesh, seventy-three miles north by west from Ellichpoor. Long. 77. 1. E. Lat. 22. 21. N.
SEPOURY, or SIPRY, a town and fortress of Hindustan, province of Agra, and district of Gohud, taken by the British in 1781. It is eighteen miles south-west of Narwa.
SEPOYS, or Seapoys, natives of Hindustan serving in a military capacity under the European powers, and disciplined after the European manner.
SEPTEMBER, the ninth month of the year, consisting of thirty days. It took its name as being the seventh month from March, with which the Romans began their year.
SEPTENTRIO, in Astronomy, a constellation, usually called ursa minor.

In cosmography, the term septentrio denotes the same with north; and hence septentrional is applied to any thing belonging to the north.
SEPTICS are those substances which promote putrefaction, chiefly the calcareous earths, magnesia, and testaceous powders.
SEPTIZON, or Septizonium, in Roman antiquity, a celebrated mausoleum, built by Septimius Severus, in the tenth region of the city of Rome. It was so called from septem and zona, because it consisted of seven stories, each of which was surrounded by a row of columns.
SEPTUAGESIMA, in the calendar, denotes the third Sunday before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday. It is supposed by some to take its name from its being about seventy days before Easter.
SEPULCHRE, a tomb or place destined for the interment of the dead. This term is chiefly used in speaking of the burying-places of the ancients, those of the moderns being usually called tombs.

Sepulchres were held sacred and inviolable, and the care taken of them has always been held a religious duty, grounded on the fear of God, and the belief of the soul’s immortality. Those who have searched or violated them have been thought odious by all nations, and were always severely punished.

The Egyptians called sepulchres “eternal houses,” in contradistinction to their ordinary houses or palaces, which they called “inns,’ on account of the short stay in the one in comparison with their long abode in the other.

Regular canons of St Sepulchre, a religious order, formerly instituted at Jerusalem in honour of the holy sepulchre, or the tomb of Jesus Christ.

Many of these canons were brought from the Holy Land into Europe, particularly into France, by Louis the Younger; into Poland, by Jaxa, a Polish gentleman; into Flanders, by the counts of that country; and many also came into England. This order was, however, suppressed by Pope Innocent VIII., who gave its revenues and effects to that of our Lady of Bethlem; and this also becoming extinct, they were bestowed on the knights of St John of Jerusalem. But the suppression did not take effect in Poland, where they still subsist, as also in several provinces of Germany. These canons follow the rule of St Augustin.

Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, a military order, established in Palestine about the year 1114.

The knights of this order in Flanders, in 1558, chose Philip II. king of Spain for their master, and afterwards his son; but the grand-master of the order of Malta prevailed on him to resign; and when afterwards the Duke de Nevers assumed the same quality in France, the same grand-master, by his interest and credit, procured a like renunciation by him, and a confirmation of the union of this order to that of Malta.
SEQUANI, a people anciently forming a part of Gallia Celtica, but annexed to Belgica by Augustus, separated from the Helvetii by Mount Jura, with the Rhine on the east, bordering on the Aedui and Segustiani to the south, and Lingones to the west; now Franche Comté.
SEQUESTRATION, in common Law, is setting aside the thing in controversy from the possession of both the parties that contend for it. In this sense it is either voluntary, as when done by the consent of the parties; or necessary, as where it is done by the judge, of his own authority, whether the parties are inclined or the reverse.

Sequestration is also used for the act of gathering the fruits of a benefice void, to the use of the next incumbent.

Sometimes a benefice is kept under sequestration for many years, when it is of so small value that no clergyman fit to serve the cure will be at the charge of taking it by institution; in which case the sequestration is committed either to the curate alone, or to the curate and churchwardens jointly. Sometimes the profits of a living in controversy, either by the consent of the parties, or by the judge’s authority, are sequestered, and placed for safety in a third hand, till the suit is determined, a minister being appointed by the judge to serve the cure, and allowed a certain salary out of the profits. Sometimes the profits of a living are sequestered for neglect of duty, for dilapidations, or for satisfying the debts of the incumbent.
SEQUIN, a gold coin, struck at Venice, and in several parts of the grand signior’s dominions. In Turkey it is called dahob, or piece of gold, and, according to Volney, is in value about 6s. 3d. sterling. It varies, however, considerably in its value in different countries. At Venice it is equal to about 9s. 2d. sterling.
SERA, a town of the south of India, in the province of Mysore, and capital of a district of the same name. The climate is subject to drought, and there seldom falls as much rain as is required to raise a full crop. Rice is the most beneficial product, and in favourable years the greater part of the watered land is sown with it; but in dry seasons coarser grains are sown. The trade carried on is to the nizam’s country, the Mahrattas, and Bednore, Seringapatam, and Bangalore, and the article of exportation is the dried kernel of the cocoa-nut. This place, which was first conquered by the Bejapoor Mohammedan government in 1644, was afterwards the seat of an independent principality, which was at its greatest prosperity under Delawar Khan,[7:20:106] immediately before it was conquered by Hyder, at which time the natives assert it to have contained 50,000 houses. It afterwards suffered many calamities from Tippoo and the Mahrattas, and now contains scarcely 300 houses; but it is fast reviving. In the district of Sera, all the villages were strongly fortified; and frequent famines took place, when the inhabitants were in the practice of plundering each other to support life. The defence of the villages against plunderers was conducted, not by fire-arms, but by throwing stones, in which the inhabitants are very dexterous. The town is eighty four miles north from Seringapatam. Long. 76. 55. E. Lat. 13. 37. N.
SERAGLIO, formed from the Persian word seram, or Turkish word serai, which signifies a house, is commonly used to express the house or palace of a prince. In this sense it is frequently used at Constantinople, where the houses of foreign ambassadors are called seraglios. But it is commonly used by way of eminence for the palace of the grand signior at Constantinople, where he keeps his court, where his concubines are lodged, and where the youth are trained up for the chief posts of the empire.
SERAI, a building on the high road, or in large cities, in India, erected for the accommodation of travellers.
SERAMPEI, a country or district in the interior of the island of Sumatra. It has on the north and north-west Korinchi; on the east, south-east, and south, Pakalang, Jambce, and Sungei-tenang; and on the west and southwest, a river and chain of high mountains. It comprehends fifteen fortified and independent villages.
SERAMPOOR, a town in the province of Bengal, and district of Birbhoom, 107 miles west from Moorshedabad. Long. 80. 24. E. Lat. 24. 6. N.
SERAMPORE, a town of Bengal, belonging to theDanes, situated on the west side of the Hooghly river, about twelve miles above Calcutta. Serampore has a pleasing appearance viewed from the river, the houses being tolerably well built, of brick, and whitened; they have flat roofs, with balconies and Venetian windows, though few of them are more than two stories in height. There is a handsome church, and a battery of twelve pieces of cannon, chiefly for saluting, for the town is without fortifications. The trade which the Calcutta merchants carried on during the war, under cover of the Calcutta flag, was very profitable to the Danes who were settled here. The trade which it now carries on with Europe and China is but trifling. It is chiefly supported by missionaries; and insolvent debtors from Calcutta found here an asylum, from whence they could set their creditors at defiance. The missionaries have here established a printing-press, and printed the Scriptures in various dialects. During the short war with the Danes it was taken possession of by the British; but it was soon afterwards restored. Long. 88. 26. E. Lat. 22. 45. N.
SERANGANI Isles, a group of small islands in the Eastern Seas, about five leagues south of Magindanao, and between the fifth and sixth degrees of north latitude. The largest island is called Hummock Isle, about thirty miles in circumference. The next in size is about twenty-five miles in circumference; and there is another of somewhat inferior dimensions. This island, which is the most westerly, is very high and of a conical form, and its northern coast is very bold. It is fertile and well cultivated, and produces most of the tropical fruits, also rice, sugar-canes, pine-apples, mangoes, sour oranges, limes, jacks, plantains, cocoa-nuts, sago, sweet potatoes, tobacco, &c. The ships that pass, trade with the inhabitants for poultry, goats, and other refreshments; and one principal article of trade is bees’ wax. There is a great demand among the natives for white or printed cottons, such as loose gowns or jackets, coloured handkerchiefs, knives, razors, and bar-iron. The inhabitants are, like almost all the islanders in the Eastern Seas, addicted to piracy; and they have canoes, and also larger boats, armed with small brass cannon, with which they carry on this trade of plunder. The Dutch claimed the sovereignty over these islands, which, however, they seldom exercised.
SERAPH, or Seraphim, spirits of the highest rank in the hierarchy of angels, who are so called from their being supposed to be the most inflamed with divine love, by their nearer and more immediate attendance at the throne of God, and to communicate their fervour to the remoter and inferior orders. Seraphim is the Hebrew plural of seraph.
SERAPION, a physician of Alexandria. He and Phi-linus of the isle of Cos were both scholars of Herophilus, and were founders of the empirical sect, which happened about 287 before Christ.
SEREEK, a town of Persia, in the province of Mekran, about four miles from the coast, near the entrance of the Persian Gulf. It contains a large mud fort and 600 huts, and is 105 miles north of Jask.
SERENADE (Serenata), a concert of instrumental or of vocal music, or of both, given under the windows of a house, generally after nightfall; and common in Italy and Spain as a mark of amatory respect. The Notturno is of the same kind.
SERENUS Sammonicus, a celebrated physician in the reigns of the Emperors Severus and Caracalla, about the year 200. He wrote several treatises on history and the works of nature; but there is only one of them extant, which is a very indifferent poem on the Remedies of Diseases. He was murdered at a festival by the order of Caracalla. He had a library that contained sixty-two thousand volumes, which Quintus Serenus Sammonicus, his son, gave to Gordian the younger, to whom he was preceptor.