pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
PARNELLA, a town and district of Hindustan, in the •province of Bejapoor, and one of the most healthy in the Mahratta dominions. Long. 74.15. E. Lat. 16. 50. N. It was at this place that Aurungzebe’s camp was stationed in April 1701, when Sir W. Norris, the ambassador from the English East India Company, arrived to treat with him.
PARO, more properly Beni, a great river of South America, and one of the three principal streams which form the famous Madera. Of these, the Paro is the first or most western branch. It is formed of an infinite number of smaller streams, which, falling into it within a short distance of each other, soon constitute a very considerable body of water. They have their sources in the mountains of Pelechuco, Suches, Sorata, Challana, Songa, La Paz, Suri, and Cochabamba, which ranges form part of the snowy cordillera visible from the city of La Paz. The farthest to the west is the Tuche; then follow the Aten, the Ma-piri or Sorata, and the rivers which, descending from the celebrated mines of Tipuani, from Challana and from Co-roico, afterwards unite; then the Chulumani and its tributary streams, the Taniampaya, the Solacama, the Rio de la Paz, the Suri, and the Canamena; and, last of all, there is the Cotacajes. Owing to the rapidity with which these currents descend from the cordillera, their navigation is difficult and dangerous; but the Indians display such dexterity in the management of their balsas or rafts, that the traveller has nothing to fear. Below Reyes, in about 12½° of south latitude, the Paro receives various other streams from the west, as the Tequeje, the Masisi or Cavinas, and others. From its junction with the Marmore, in about 10° south latitude, both rivers lose their names in that of the Madera. The course of the Paro lies between 10° and 17° 30' of south latitude. It waters the whole of the district of Mosetenes, skirts the province of Moxos, and pursues its north-easterly course to the Marmore, through a fine level country. It would be extremely easy to unite the Beni with the Marmore, by means of the river Yacu-ma, which rises near Rcyes, situated on the eastern bank of the Beni, and running eastward through the flat country between them, falls into the Marmore close to the town of Santa Anna. The fall of the land is so imperceptible, and so nearly on a level with the horizon, that it does not exceed twenty feet in a distance of more than sixty leagues. In the range of country traversed by the Paro, there is every variety of hill and dale, and plains with abundant smaller streams of running water. The vast and extensive levels along the banks offer the finest situations for agricultural establishments, and for the maintenance of a numerous population. The great fertility of the country is evinced by the extraordinary growth of the trees, and the innumerable plants which are spontaneously produced, affording sustenance and shelter to a prodigious variety of the animal creation. The best lands are principally occupied by the Mosetencs Indians, who give their name to the country where they chiefly reside. About Reyes are the Maropas tribe of Indians; lower down are the Paca-quaras, and there are a number of others which do not require to be particularly mentioned. (r. r. r.)
PARODY, a poetical pleasantry, consisting in applying the verses written on one subject, by way of ridicuíe, to another; or in turning a serious work into burlesque, by affecting to observe, as nearly as passible, the same rhymes, [7:17:93]words, and cadences, in treating a mean, low, or ridiculous one.

The parody was first introduced by the Greeks, from whom the name has been borrowed. It comes pretty near to what some of the modern writers call travesty. Others, however, have more accurately distinguished between a parody and burlesque, observing, that the change of a single word may parody a verse, or that of a single letter a word. Thus, in the case of a word, Cato exposed the inconstant disposition of Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, by changing Nobilior into Mobilior. Another kind of parody consists in the mere application of some known verse, or portion of a verse, in a writer, without making any change in it, with a view to expose it. A fourth instance is that of writing verses in the taste and style of authors little approved. The rules of parody regard the choice of a subject, and the manner of treating it. The subject should be a known and celebrated work; and as to the manner, it should be an exact imitation, with an intermixture of good-natured pleasantry.
PAROLE, in a military sense, the promise made by a prisoner of war, when he has leave to go anywhere, of returning at a time appointed, if not exchanged.

Parole means also a word given out every day in orders by the commanding officer, both in camp and in garrison, for the purpose of distinguishing friends from enemies.
PARONOMASIA, in Rhetoric, a pun, or a figure, by which words nearly alike in sound, but of very different meanings, are affectedly or designedly used.
PAROS, an island belonging to the Turkish empire, in the Aegean Sea. It is separated by a narrow channel from Noxia on the eastern, and from Antiparos on the western side. It extends over 104 square miles, and contains about 2000 inhabitants. It is naturally fertile, but, by the conduct of the government, the population, mostly Greeks, are very much impoverished; and there is also a scarcity of water. The chief town is Parichia, situated on the western coast, with a good haven, and about 700 inhabitants. It was once celebrated for its marbles. Long. 19. 15. E. Lat. 42. 45. N.
PARPARSARAT, an island in the Eastern Seas, near the coast of Sumatra, and in the Straits of Malacca. It is fifty miles in circumference. Long. 102. 15. E. Lat. 1. 21. N.
PARRELS, in a ship, are frames made of trucks, ribs, and ropes, which, having both their ends fastened to the yards, are so contrived as to go round the masts, that by their means the yards may move up and down upon the mast. The parrels also, along with the breast-ropes, fasten the yards to the masts.
PARRIAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, and district of Tirhoot. There was formerly a fort here, as a defence against the incursions of the natives from the northern hills. Long. 85. 52. E. Lat. 26. 4L N.
PARRICIDE, the murder of one’s parents or children. By the Roman law, this crime was punished in a much more severe manner than any other kind of homicide. The delinquents, after being scourged, were sewed up in a leathern sack, with a live dog, a cock, a viper, and an ape, and were then cast into the sea. Solon, it is true, in his laws, made none against parricide, apprehending it impossible that any one could be guilty of so unnatural a barbarity; and the Persians, according to Herodotus, entertained the same notion, when they adjudged all persons who killed their reputed parents to be bastards.
PARROT Islands, a cluster of islands in Dusky Bay, New Zealand, three miles south-west from Facile harbour.
PARSONAGE, a rectory or parish church, endowed with a glebe, house, lands, and tithes, for the maintenance of a minister, with cure of souls within the parish.
PARSONAUTH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, situated amongst the hills, between Bahar and Bengal. It is held in great estimation by the Jains, as a remarkably holy place. One of the principal deities is named Pariswanath, the real founder of the sect, who died at the age of a hundred years.
PART is a portion of a whole, considered as divided or divisible.

Logical Part is a division for which we are indebted to the schoolmen. It refers to some universal as its whole; in which sense the species are parts of a genus, and individuals or singulars are parts of the species.

Physical Part is that which, though fit enter into the composition of a whole, may yet be considered apart, and under its own distinct idea; and in this sense a continuum is said to consist of parts. Physical parts, again, are of two kinds, homogeneous and heterogeneous. The first are those of the same denomination with some other; the second are of a different denomination. Parts, again, are distinguished into subjective, essential, and integrant; a division of which the schoolmen were likewise the authors.

Aliquot Part is a quantity which, being repeated any number of times, becomes equal to an integer. Thus 6 is an aliquot part of 24, and 5 an aliquot part of 30.

Aliquant Part is a quantity which, being repeated any number of times, becomes always either greater or less than the whole. Thus 5 is an aliquant part of 17, and 9 is an aliquant part of 10. The aliquant part is resolvable into aliquot parts. Thus 15, an aliquant part of 20, is resolvable into 10, a half, and 5, a fourth part, of the same number.
PARTALPOOR, a town of Bengal, in the district of Midnapoor. Long. 87. 50. E. Lat. 22. 21. N.
PARTANNA, a city of the intendency of Trapani, in the district of Mazzara, in the island of Sicily. It stands on a hill, about eight miles from the sea, in a healthy situation, fifty miles from Palermo, and contains 7100 inhabitants, employed in growing cotton wool, and in feeding black cattle.
PARTERRE, in Gardening, a level division of ground, which for the most part faces the south or best front of a house, and is generally furnished with evergreens, shrubs, and flowers.
PARTHENAY, an arrondissement of the department of the Two Sevres, in France, extending over 683 square miles. It comprehends eight cantons, divided into forty-six communes, and containing 55,300 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated on the river Thoué. It was one of the chief seats of the Vendean war, and suffered most severely. It contains 800 houses, and 3600 inhabitants. Long. 0. 19. W. Lat. 46. 40. N.
PARUPANADA, a town of Southern India, situated on the sea-coast of the province of Malabar. The small town of Vuypura was originally called the North Parupanada. It is pleasantly situated on the northern bank of a river, near the sea-coast, and which would be navigable for ships were it not for a large bar at its mouth. The other town of Parupanada contains 700 houses, mostly built of stone, and is well aired; and the surf, compared with that which breaks on the Madras shore, is trifling; so that, excepting in some places where rocky head-lands run into the sea, boats of any kind may without any danger land on the coast. From two to three thousand teak trees may be procured here annually. It is twenty-two miles south from Calicut. Long. 75.55.E. Lat. 11. 2. N.
PARVICH, an island near Dalmatia, containing many [7:17:107] Roman antiquities, which evidently show that it was a Roman station. It seems to have been amongst the number of those islands which Pliny calls Celadussae, supposed to be an inversion of δοσκεkαδος, meaning ill sounding or noisy. Parvich is not of large extent, but is extremely fertile. Every product attains perfection there, particularly those which require a very shallow soil, such as wine, oil, mulberry trees, and fruit. The aspect of this island is also very pleasant at a distance, but that of the others adjacent shocks the eye by their high, rocky, and naked hills. The name of Parvich seems to have been given it because it is the first one observed on going out of the harbour of Sibe-nico the Illyrian word parvi signifying first.
PASANGA, a small island in the Eastern Seas, near the western coast of Sumatra. Lat. 5. 10. S.
PASAY, a town of Sumatra, situated in a fine bay on the northern extremity of the island, abounding in cattle, provisions, and grain, and also in fine timber.
PASIGRAPHY (from οτας, omnis, and γoα<pω, scribo), the art of writing on any subject whatsoever, so as to be universally understood by all nations of the earth. The idea of establishing such a language is deemed by many extremely fanciful and absurd, whilst the practicability of it is as strenuously contended for by others. Hints respecting such a system of writing as might be understood by all mankind are to be met with in the writings of many eminent philosophers; but the attempt has signally failed, even in the hands of a Leibnitz, a Kircher, a Becher, and a Wilkins. Kant is clearly of opinion, however, that such a pasigraphy falls within the limits of possibility; nay, he even prognosticates that it will certainly be established at some future period.
PASIHAN, one of the smaller Philippine Islands, near the west coast of Ley ta. Long. 124. 12. E. Lat. 10. 35. N.
PASIPHAE, in fabulous history, a daughter of the Sun by Perseis, and who married Minos, king of Crete. She disgraced herself by an unnatural passion for a bull, which we are told she was enabled to gratify by a contrivance of the artist Daedalus. This celebrated bull had been given to Minos by Neptune to be offered on his altars. But as the monarch refused to sacrifice the animal on account of his beauty, the god revenged his disobedience by inspiring Pasiphaë with an unnatural love for him. This fable, which is universally believed by the poets, is discarded by some writers, who suppose that the infidelity of Pasiphaë to her husband was betrayed in her affection for an officer of the name of Taurus, and that Daedalus, by permitting his house to be the place of assignation between the two lovers, was looked upon as accessory to the gratification of Pasiphaë’s passion. From this amour with Taurus, as is farther remarked, the queen became mother of twins; and the name of Minotaurus arose from the resemblance of the children to the husband and the lover of Pasiphaë. Minos had by Pasiphaë four sons, Castreus, Deucalion, Glaucus, and Androgens; and three daughters, Hecate, Ariadne, and Phaedra.
PASQUIN, a mutilated statue at Rome, in a corner of the palace of the Ursini. It takes its name from a cobbler of that city, called Pasquin, famous for his sneers and gibes, and who diverted himself by cracking his jokes upon all who passed through that street. After the death of the cobbler, as some persons were digging up the pavement before his door, they found in the earth the statue of an ancient gladiator, well cut, but maimed and half spoiled; and having set up this in the place where it was found, they by com mon consent named it Pasquin. Since that time all satires are attributed to the figure in question, and are either put into its mouth, or pasted upon it, as if they were written by Pasquin himself. They are addressed by Pasquin to Marforio, another statue at Rome. When Marforio is attacked, [7:17:110]Pasquin comes to his assistance; and when Pasquin is attacked, Marforio defends him in his turn; in other words, the people make the statues say just what they please.
PASQUINADE, a satirical libel fastened on the statue of Pasquin. Such productions are commonly short, witty, and pointed; and hence the term has been applied to all lampoons of this description.
PASS, or Passade, in fencing, an advance or leap forward upon the enemy. Of these there are several kinds, as passes within, above, beneath, to the right, to the left, and passes under the line. The measure of the pass is when the swords are so near that they may touch one another. See Fencing.
PASSADE, in the manège, is a turn or course of a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of ground. Hence there are several sorts of passades, according to the different ways of turning, in order to part or return upon the same tread, which is called closing the passade; as the passade of one time, the passade of five times, and the raised or high passades.
PASSAGE Island, a small island amongst the Philippines, about twenty miles east from the island of Leyta. Long. 125. 27. E. Lat. 10. 44. N.

Passage Isle, a small island on the northern coast of Sumatra, which here forms a deep bay, where there are several Malay ports. Long. 97. 55. E. Lat. 2. 31. N.
PASSAGES, a seaport town of the province of Guipuscoa, in Spain. It stands on both banks of the river Oyarzun, near to the place where it falls into the Bay of Biscay, and having its entrance defended by the castle of St Isabel. The harbour was formerly adapted to admit the largest ships, but it is now so injured by the sand accumulated at its mouth, as to be accessible only to vessels'of light draught of water. It still has a naval arsenal and hospital, and capacious storehouses, though but little use is made of them. It has two churches, a chapel, and an hospital, with 520 houses, and 2400 inhabitants, many of whom find employment in the fisheries. Long. 2. 0. 5. W. Lat. 43. 20. 30. N.
PASSAMAN, a small province of Sumatra, being one of the most northerly, and situated immediately under the equinoctial line. It was formerly subject to the dominion of Menancabow, but is now subject to the Achinese. It is divided into a number of petty kingdoms, each of which is governed by a rajah, and was formerly a place of considerable trade. Besides exporting large quantities of pepper, it received much fine gold from the mountains that are situated about three days’ journey inland.
PASSANT, in Heraldry, a term applied to a lion or other animal in a shield, which appears to walk leisurely. For most beasts, except lions, the term trippant is frequently used instead of that of passant.
PASSAROUANG, a small town and fort on the northern shore of the island of Java. It is the capital of a large principality, and is intersected by a large river, over which there is a wooden bridge. It is pleasantly situated, has a healthy climate, and its native population is numerous. The surrounding country is fertile, and produces abundant crops of rice and maize. The roads are good; posts have been established along the coast; and it appears to be in all respects a busy and well-regulated settlement. It is situated in longitude 113. 10. east, and latitude 7. 3. south.
PASSAU, a city of the kingdom of Bavaria, in the circle of the Lower Danube, being the capital of the circle, as well as that of the bailiwick, of the same name. It is situated on a peninsula, formed by the junction of the river Inn with the Danube. It is strongly fortified, and farther defended by a citadel and the castle of Oberhaus. There are handsome bridges over both the Danube and the Inn. It is the see of a bishop, who has a palace and a cathedral, and it contains 822 houses, with 10,350 inhabitants. Notwithstanding its very advantageous situation on two navigable rivers, it enjoys very little trade, and has only some small manufactures. Long. 12. 54. E. Lat. 48. 35. N.
PASSION is a word of which, as Dr Reid observes, the meaning is not precisely ascertained either in common discourse or in the writings of philosophers. In its original import, it denotes every feeling of the mind occasioned by an extrinsic cause; but it is generally used to signify some agitation of mind, opposed to that state of tranquillity in which a man is most master of himself. That it was thus used by the Greeks and Romans, is evident from Cicero’s rendering σrαiος, the word by which the philosophers of Greece expressed it, by perturbatio in Latin. In this sense of the word, passion cannot be itself a distinct and independent principle of action, but only an occasional degree of vehemence given to those dispositions, desires, and affections, which are at all times present to the mind of man; and that this is its proper sense, we require no other proof than that passion has always been conceived to bear an analogy to a storm at sea or to a tempest in the air. See Moral Philosophy. Passion- Weck, the week immediately preceding the festival of Easter, and so called because in that week happened our Saviour’s passion and death. The Thursday of this week is called Maunday Thursday; the Friday, Good Friday; and the Saturday, the Great Sabbath.
PASSIR, a town and district of Borneo, pleasantly situated on a river of the same name, about fifty miles from its mouth, near the bottom of a large bay, on the eastern side of the island. The river is joined by five other tributary streams, and is very rapid near the town, above which the tide ascends, rising to the height of several feet. The u town consists of three hundred wooden houses, situated on the northern side of the river, most of them inhabited by Buggess merchants. This was formerly a place of considerable trade. In the year 1772 the East India Company attempted to establish a factory here for the sale of opium, piece-goods, &c.; but the plan was frustrated by a commotion amongst the natives, at which the English commander took an alarm, and quitted the country. Passir has since this period been seldom visited by Europeans; more especially since several vessels have been cut off by the numerous pirates who frequent the coast and the neighbouring islands. The Chinese who have settled here are remarkably industrious, and are in possession of the principal trade. The surrounding country is fertile, and yields in great abundance rice, besides benzoin, aloes, pepper, cassia, and long nutmegs; also various kinds of fruit, excellent mastic and other gums, particularly dragon’s blood; honey, gold dust, and camphor. The imports are nearly similar to those of the other Malay ports, namely, opium, fire-arms, gunpowder, lead, iron, and steel, cutlery, swords, cloths, chintzes, looking-glasses, &c. The inhabitants do not bear a good character. They are fraudulent and treacherous, and have cut off many ships in the most treacherous manner. They are also unjust in their weights and measures, and are expert in the practice of various other frauds. The country is flat and unhealthy, being covered with thick woods, and annually overflowed. The exhalations from this moisture, and the thick fogs, are extremely insalubrious. The thick fogs turn to rain, and are accompanied by chilling winds. The great numbers of frogs and vermin which are generated by the heat, and afterwards destroyed, occasion an intolerable stench, and add to the unhealthiness of the place. Long, of the town 116. 10. E. Lat. 1. 57. N.
PASSPORT, or Pass, a license or writing obtained from a prince or governor, granting permission and a safe conduct to pass through his territories without molestation. It is also a permission granted by any state to navigate in some particular sea, without hindrance or molestation.
PASSUMAH, a district situated on the west coast of Sumatra. It is an extensive and populous country, governed by four independent chiefs, who acknowledge the sovereignty of the sultan of Palembang.
PASTEBOARD, a kind of thick paper, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another. The chief use of pasteboard is for binding books, making letter-cases, and other articles.
PASTERN of a Horse, in the manege, is the distance between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the hoof. This part should be short, especially in middle sized-horses, because long pasterns are weak, and cannot so well endure travelling.
PASTIL, or Pastel, amongst painters, a kind of paste which is made of different colours, ground up with gumwater, in order to form crayons.

Pastil, in Pharmacy, is a dry composition of sweetsmelling resins, aromatic woods, and the like, which is sometimes burnt to clear and scent the air of á chamber.