pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
KOSTENDIL, a city of Turkey in Europe, the capital of a circle of the same name, in the province of Rumili. It is an open town, on the river Egrifu, at the foot of the mountain of that name. It contains many warm baths, and has a population of 8000 persons.
KOSTROMA, a province of European Russia, to the eastward of Jaraslow, extending over 39,710 square miles. It comprehends seventeen cities or towns, and 851 parishes, whose population amounts to 1,422,000 souls. The nobility are numerous, and hold two thirds of the land, and of the peasants who work upon it. It is a level district, with a few elevations near the banks of the rivers; and it is in many parts covered with forests, which yield excellent timber. The Wolga is the chief river, and is navigable, as are the Kostroma and the Unscha. The soil is by no means fertile, but it produces sufficient corn for the inhabitants, and is enabled to grow good flax and hemp. The pastures maintain cattle, which furnish hides and tallow. The rivers abound with salmon, sturgeon, and other fish. The females spin yarn in most of the cottages, and it is woven and bleached within the province. The several branches of industry enable an exportable surplus of hemp, flax, tallow, hides, dressed leather, fish, mats, bark, tar, soap, and some iron. The navigation of the Wolga is a source of commerce. The city of Kostroma, the capital of the province, and of the circle of its own name, is at the junction of the Kostroma with the Wolga. It is the seat of an archbishop, and of the boards of revenue and law; is surrounded with walls, lately converted into promenades; and contains fifty churches, including the cathedral, an ecclesiastical seminary, a gymnasium, several hospitals, and 1057 houses, with 8200 inhabitants. The leather made here is celebrated throughout Europe, and occupies eighteen considerable tanneries in preparing it. There is also a trade in sailcloth and other linen. Long. 41. 7. 31. E. Lat. 57. 45. 40. N.
KOSZOG, a city of the circle of Eisenburg, in the province of Farther Danube, in the kingdom of Hungary. It is sometimes called Guns, from the river of that name, on which it is built. It has some trade in internal productions, and contains 576 houses, with 5310 inhabitants, mostly of German origin. Long. 16. 27. 58. E. Lat. 47. 22. 54. N.
KOTBUS, a city, the capital of the circle of the same name, in the Prussian province of Brandenburg, on the river Spree. It is a considerable manufacturing place, with 739 houses, and 6430 inhabitants. It has a good internal trade by the navigable river.
KOTHEN, a city, the capital of the duchy of Anhalt-Kothen, in Germany. It is the residence of the sovereign, and the seat of the civil and ecclesiastical branches of the administration. It'is on the river Ziathe, which runs to the Elbe, on a level and fertile plain. The palace is remarkable for its hall, decorated with the arms and the proverbs of Prince Ludwing, built in 1617. It contains 740 well-built houses, and 5500 inhabitants. It has three churches and several public buildings, and the institutions adapted to a contracted independent state. The trade is mostly dependent on the wants of the court.
KOTTERUS, Christopher, was one of the three fanatics whose visions were published at Amsterdam in 1657, with the title of Lux in tenebris. He lived at Sprotta, in Silesia, and his visions began in 1616. He fancied he saw an angel under the form of a man, who commanded him to go and declare to the magistrates, that, unless the people repented, the wrath of God would make dreadful havock. The elector palatine, whom the Protestants had declared king of Bohemia, was introduced in these visions. Kotterus waited on him at Breslau in December 1620, and informed him of his commission. He went to several other places, and at last to the court of Brandenburg. As most of these predictions promised felicity to the elector palatine, and unhappiness to his imperial majesty, the emperor’s fiscal in Silesia and Lusatia got him seized, set on the pillory, and banished the emperor’s dominions. Upon this he went to Lusatia, and there lived unmolested till his death, which happened in 1647.
KOTOO, one of the small Friendly Islands, scarcely accessible, owing to the coral reefs that surround it. It is sixteen miles north of Annamooka. Long. 185. 11. E. Lat. 19. 58. S.
KOTTIAR, a district of Ceylon, situated on the eastern side of the island, between the eighth and ninth degrees of north latitude. Cinnamon, betel-nuts, cocoa-nuts, and timber, form its chief produce.
KOTTILGHUR, a fortress of Hindustan, in the province of the Northern Circars, situated on the summit of a very high and inaccessible hill. It consists of a fort and citadel, which is capable of making very great resistance; though it was taken by the British in 1817, with little resistance.
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KOUANGNAN-FOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Yunan, separated from the rest of the province by frightful mountains. The inhabitants are stigmatised by the Chinese as barbarous. Long. 106. 14. E. Lat. 30. 32. N.
KOUANGSIN, a city of China, of the first rank, situated on a river which falls into the Poyang Lake. It is surrounded by lofty mountains, and carries on considerable manufactures of paper and candles. Long. 117. 44. E. Lat. 28. 27. N.
KOUBCABEIA, a considerable town of Darfoor, in Central Africa. It constitutes the key of the western road through the country, and is the depot of all the merchandise brought from the west. A market is held here twice a week, the chief medium for goods of small value being salt. The inhabitants obtain this article by collecting and boiling the earth of those places where horses, asses, and other animals, have long been stationary. This market is celebrated for the quantity of toheas, or coarse cotton cloths, here disposed of, and for the manufacture, if such it may be called, of leather sacks for corn, water, and other purposes. The inhabitants are a mixture of Foorians, who speak their own language; Arabs, Fellatahs, and individuals from Bengoo, and other western countries.
KOULI KHAN, Thamas, or Schah Nadir, was not the son of a shepherd, as the authors of the English Biographical Dictionary assert; his father being chief of a branch of the tribe of Affchars, and governor of a fortress erected by that people against the Turks. Upon his father’s death, his uncle usurped his government, under the pretext of taking care of it during the minority of Kouli Khan, or, more properly, young Nadir. Disgust at this affront made him commence adventurer. He entered into the service of the beglerbeg or governor of Muscada, in Khorassan, who, discovering in him strong marks of a military genius, promoted him to the command of a regiment of cavalry. In 1720, the Usbec Tartars having made an irruption into Khorassan with 10,000 men, the beglerbeg, whose whole force consisted only of 4000 horse and 2000 infantry, called a council of war, in which it was declared imprudent to face the enemy with such an inferior force; but Kouli Khan proposed to march against the enemy, and engaged to conduct the expedition, and to be answerable for the success of it. He was accordingly made general, defeated the Tartars, and took their commander prisoner. Hossein Beglerbeg received him at his return with marks of distinction; but growing jealous of his rising fame, instead of obtaining him the rank of lieutenant-general of Khorassan, as he had promised, obtained it for another; which so exasperated Kouli Khan, that he publicly complained of the governor’s ingratitude and perfidy, who thereupon broke him, and ordered him to be punished with the bastinado so severely, that the nails of his great toes fell off. This affront occasioned his flight, and his joining a banditti of robbers (not his stealing his father’s or his neighbour’s sheep). The rest of his adventures are too numerous to be inserted in this work. In 1729 he was made general of Persia by Schah Thamas, and permitted to take his name Thamas, and that of Khuli, which signifies slave. His title therefore was The Slave of Thamas, but he was ennobled by the addition of Khan. In 1730, he fomented a revolt against his master, for having made an ignominious peace with the Turks; and having the army at his command, he procured his deposition, and his own advancement to the throne. In 1739, he conquered the Mogul empire; and from this time growing as cruel as he was ambitious, he at length met with the usual fate of tyrants, being assassinated by one of his generals, in league with his nephew and successor, in 1747, aged sixty.
KOUMA, a river of Asiatic Russia, which rises in the ( aucasus, between the Terek and the Cuban, and, taking an easterly course, loses itself in the sand before reaching the Caspian Sea.
KOUMISS, a sort of Tartar wine, made of fermented marc s milk. It is used by the natives as their common beverage during the season of it, and often serves them instead of all other food.
KOUMYKS, a Tartar and Mahommedan tribe, who live in a sandy plain at the foot of the Caucasus, on the right bank of the Terek. They are nominally subject to Russia, though this does not restrain their predatory incursions into its vicinity. They carry on some trade on the Caspian Sea.
KOUZNETZK, a small fortified town in Asiatic Russia, and capital of a district of the same name, in the government of Tomsk. It was founded in 1618; and the sable being here of peculiar beauty, the place is a great resort of fur-merchants. Population 500. Long. 87. 30. E. Lat. 53. 20. N.
KOWNO, a city of the province of Wilna, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Wilna. It contains one Lutheran and ten Catholic churches, is an old, well-built town, with 608 houses and 3200 inhabitants. It has some trade in linen, and, by the river, which runs to the Niemen, in corn. Long. 26. 53. 55. E. Lat. 54. 53. 30. N.
KRAILSHEIM, a town of Wirtemberg, in the circle of the Jaxt, and the capital of a bailiwick of the same name, which extends over 154 square miles, and contains a population of 22,500 persons. The town is on the Jaxt, contains two churches, 420 houses, and 2900 inhabitants, employed in linen, cotton, and other manufactures.
KRAKATOA, the southernmost island of a group situated in the Straits of Sunda, about ten miles in circuit. It contains a hot spring, used by the natives as a bath, and is esteemed more healthy than any of the neighbouring islands. The coral reefs with which it is surrounded afford abundance of turtle. It has a high peaked hill on the south, which lies in long. 105. 15. E. lat. 6. 9. S.
KRAKEN, the name of an animal of a monstrous size, supposed to have been seen at sea, in the existence of which the weakness and credulity of the fishermen have excited the belief of even respectable naturalists, and amongst others Bishop Pontoppidan, who describes it in his Natural History of Norway. It is probable that the whole depends on certain optical appearances arising from a peculiar state of the atmosphere, which thus exhibits to the deluded fancy something of the form of a huge animal.
KRANTZ, Albert, a celebrated German chronicler, was born at Hamburg about the middle of the fifteenth century. Having finished his studies, he set out upon his travels, in the course of which he visited several parts of Europe, attending the prelections of the most distinguished professors, cultivating the society of the learned, and exploring public libraries, by which means he made acquisitions in knowledge equally varied and extensive. He took his degree at Rostock, and on that occasion supported several theses with so much distinction that he was retained to teach philosophy and theology. Krantz was rector of this university in 1482. But being recalled to Hamburg, he was provided with a canonry in the cathedral, and divided his time between preaching and teaching theology. Elected syndic of Hamburg in 1489, he assisted the same year at the assembly of Wismar, where the interests of the Hanseatic towns were discussed. They deputed him to proceed to France in 1497 to demand a treaty, and to England in 1499 to solicit assistance against the pirates who infested the North Sea. In these different [7:12:764]missions he evinced so much prudence, sagacity, and integrity, that John king of Denmark, and Frederick duke of Holstein, chose him, in 1500, to terminate the dispute which had arisen between them on the subject of the province of Ditmarsen. Krantz, having been named dean of his chapter in 1508, laboured with great zeal to remedy the disorders which had been introduced into ecclesiastical discipline; but it is only by a forced interpretation of some passages in his works, that Wolf, and after him Bayle, have endeavoured to make him be considered as one of the precursors of Luther. Krantz was witness to the first attacks of that reformer on the church of Rome, and condemned them. He died on the 7th of December 1517, and was interred near the eastern gate of his cathedral. Krantz was a very learned man; and the historical works which he left behind him are useful, notwithstanding the errors by which they are disfigured. Some critics have accused him of plagiarism and of bad faith; but he has found numerous apologists, amongst whom may be mentioned Cisner, who places him in the first rank of the writers of his age, not only for the elegance of style and the clearness of method, but also for the love of truth. Krantz was the author of, 1. Chronica Regnorum Aquilonarium, Daniae, Sueciae, Novoagiae, Strasburg, 1546, in folio; 2. Saxonia, sive de Saxonicae Gentis vetusta origine, longinquis ex-expeditionibus susceptis etc. libri xii. Cologne, 1520, in folio; 3. Vandalia, sive Historia de Vandalorum vera origine, variis gentibus, crebris e patria migrationibus, etc. Cologne, 1519, in folio; 4. Metropolis, sive Historia Ecclesiastica Saxoniae, Basil, 1548, in folio; and some other works of little importance. (a.)
KRASNISTAW, a town of Poland, in the province of Lublin, the capital of a circle of its own name, on a lake and the river Wieprz. It is surrounded with walls, and defended by a citadel, and contains 481 houses, and 3240 inhabitants, of whom many are Jews. Long. 23. 1. 39. E. Lat. 50. 58. 46. N.
KRASNOIARSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Tomsk, situated on a small river tributary to the Yenesei. The road to Irkoutsk passes through this place, through which there is a considerable transit of commodities for the trade with China and Eastern Siberia. The surrounding country is remarkable for fertility, and provisions are exceedingly cheap.
KRAW. This isthmus connects the Malay peninsula with the continent of Asia, and in the narrowest part does not exceed ninety-seven miles across from sea to sea.
KREMENTSCHUK, a city of the province of Pultowa, in Russia, the capital of the circle of the same name. It stands at the mouth of the Kagamlik, where that river falls into the Dnieper. Its fortifications have been turned into pleasant walks. It contains 1200 houses, and 8600 inhabitants. It enjoys considerable trade on the navigable river, in native products, and has some manufactures, and extensive fisheries on the Dnieper. Long. 33. 23. 40. Ľ. Lat. 49. 3. 10. N.
KREMNITZ, a city of the circle of Barsch or Bars, in the Austrian kingdom of Hungary. The city, with its extensive suburbs, contains 1200 houses, and 9678 inhabitants. There is a college of mining, a mint where ducats are coined, a gymnasium, and a Lutheran grammar school. The chief employment is in the working of the silver and gold mines in the surrounding district, and purifying these metals. Long. 18. 32. 35. E. Lat. 48. 42. N.
KREMS, a city of Austria, in the circle of Manharts-berge, and province of the Lou er Ens. It is on the Danube, is well built, and contains a nunnery founded for English females. There are some manufactories of vinegar, of mustard, and of linen goods, and some good wine is made. It contains 424 houses, and 3650 inhabitants. Long. 15. 30. 42. Ľ. Lat. 48. 21. 39. N.
KREMSIER, a city of the circle of Prerau, in the Austrian province of Moravia, on the river March. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Olmutz, whose castle is here, with a fine gallery of pictures and a library of 30,000 volumes. It contains, besides the minster, six churches, 420 houses, and 4100 inhabitants, who successfully cultivate vineyards.
KRESTXY, a city of the province of Novogorod, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, extending over 372 square miles, comprehending one city, 730 villages and hamlets, with 47,387 inhabitants. The city is on the river Khalowa, contains 450 houses, and 1874 inhabitants. Long. 32. 28. E. Lat. 58. 20. N.
KREUZ, a circle in the Austrian province of Croatia, which extends over 664 square miles, and comprehends two cities, two market-towns, and 294 villages and hamlets, with 66,885 inhabitants. The capital is a city of the same name, on the river Golkoniska, the seat of a bishop, with 302 houses, and 1819 inhabitants. Long. 16. 26. 58. E. Lat. 46. 1. 16. N.
KREUZNACH, a city of Prussia, the capital of a circle of the same name, in the province of Lower Rhine. It is on the river Nake. It contains 700 houses, and 7205 inhabitants. It has fabrics of leather, snuff, and soap, and very considerable establishments for salt refining, and has a lively trade in wine grown near it, and in oil, potash, corn, spirits, and clover-seed.
KRISHNA. See Kistna.
KROMY, a town of the province of Orel, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Kroma. It contains seven churches and 300 houses, with 3100 inhabitants. Long. 35. 51. E. Lat. 52. 38. N.
KRONSTADT, a city of Hungary, in that division of the province of Siebenbergen denominated Sachsenland. It is on the frontier towards Wallachia, in a plain watered by numerous brooks, which unite to form the river Aluta. It is an irregular-built town, but surrounded with walls. It contains six Lutheran, two Greek, two Catholic, and one Unitarian church, and a Franciscan convent, with a church and cloth manufactory attached to it. It contains, including the suburbs, which are extensive, 3200 houses, and at the lowest estimate 25,000 inhabitants, among whom are Germans, Hungarians, Wallachians, Greeks, Armenians, and some Turks, who carry on a variety of manufactures for the supply of the home market. Long. 28. 28. 25. E. Lat. 45. 56. 30. N.
KROOK, a city of Persia, in the province of Kerman, and capital of the district of Nurmanshur. It is of a considerable size, and is surrounded with a deep ditch. 150 miles south-east of Kerman.
KROSSEN, a fortified city, the capital of a circle of the same name, of the Prussian province Brandenburg. It is on the Oder, near to where the Bober falls into that river. It contains 574 houses, and 3605 inhabitants. The manufactures are of cloth and hosiery.
KROTOSZYN, a city of Prussia, in the. circle of the same name, of the province of Posen. It is a frontier place towards Poland, but now without fortifications, since the union of Posen with Prussia. It contains 535 houses, and 4860 inhabitants, speaking mostly the Polish language, and employed in manufactures of cloth, linen, leather, paper, and tobacco.
KRUMAU, a city of the circle of Budweis, in the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia. It is on the river Moldau, is fortified, and, with about 300 villages around it, forms a dukedom belonging to the Schwarzenburg family. The castle and part of the duchy is near the city, which contains 696 houses, and 4291 inhabitants, some of whom are stocking-makers, and others cloth and paper manufacturers. Near to it are the baths of Umlowitz, much frequented in summer; and some mines of silver, but feebly worked.
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KTEIFA, a small town of Syria, in the pachalic of Damascus, on the borders of the Desert. It is surrounded with walls of sufficient strength to defend it against the travelling Arabs. It is twenty-two miles east-north-east of Damascus, and is supposed to be the ancient Adarisi.
KUARA, a very mountainous province situated in the western part of Abyssinia. It is a rugged, unhealthy country, and its chief importance consists in the gold which passes through it from the east. It receives a governor from Abyssinia when it dares not to do otherwise.
KUBBEER, a large salt lake, or rather marsh, of Persia, in the province of Irak. It runs from east to west about 150 miles, and is in some places thirty-five miles in breadth. There are roads through this morass, but they are not easy distinguished, and the unfortunate wanderer who misses them is in danger either of perishing in the swamp or of dying from thirst and heat. The road from Koom to Tehran crosses a part of this morass.
KUBBEES, a city of Seistan, in Persia, situated on the road from Kerman to Herat, in the midst of a desert, 150 miles north-east from Kerman, and 160 north-east from Yezd, and the whole intermediate space being an arid waste, intersected with one or two ranges of mountains. There is a path through this desert, by which couriers go; but the danger of perishing is so great, that a person of this description demanded 200 rupees from Lieutenant Pöttinger, to carry a letter to his fellow-traveller, Captain Christie.
KUFA, a city of Irak Arabi, once a large and populous city, founded by Omar after the ruin of Ctesiphon, and the residence of the caliphs, until, owing to the vices of the inhabitants, the seat of government was removed to Bagdad. Little is left of this place but the mosque where Ali was assassinated, a plain edifice, in the form of a square, with a court in the centre, surrounded by a cloister. There is but one entrance, through an elegant gateway; and the walls being high, and flanked with bastions, give it more the appearance of a castle than a place of worship. The Mahommedans hold in high veneration the spot on which this mosque has been built; and their imams or priests, to add to its sanctity, have invented many wonderful stories concerning it. Four miles north of Meshed Ali.
KUFFSTEIN, a small city of the Austrian province of Tyrol, on the river Inn. It is remarkable for the strength of its works, which, in conjunction with those of the fortress of Geroldstein, opposite to it, defends one of the important passes between Italy and Germany.
KUILENBURG, a city of the Netherlands, in the province of Gelders, and circle of Thiel. It stands on the river Leck. It is surrounded with walls, and divided by the river into three parts, which are connected by handsome stone bridges. It is an increasing place, containing, in 1830, 4299 inhabitants, who are occupied in making silk goods, ribbons, and fire-arms.
KULM, a city, the capital of a circle of the same name, in the province of West Prussia, on a hill, at the foot of which the Vistula flows. It is the see of a Catholic bishop, and has an ecclesiastical seminary for that religion, with four professors and about 120 pupils. It contains 397 houses, and 3640 inhabitants. It was formerly a place of great consideration, and one of the Hanse Towns, but has declined. Long. 18. 20. 4L E. Lat. 53. 21. 6. N.
KULMBACH, a city of Bavaria, the capital of the bailiwick of the same name, in the circle of the Upper Maine. It is on the river White-Maine, in one of the finest situations of the circle. It is surrounded with walls, has a fine market-place, several public buildings, 437 houses, and 3420 inhabitants.
KUMBALIA, a town of Hindustan, in the Gujerat peninsula, situated about five miles from the Gulf of Cutch, and subject to the chief of Nooanager. It is a populous and well-built town, surrounded by a stone wall, with round bastions, and four gates, which are sufficient to keep the surrounding country in awe. This place is the resort of the Gogia Brahmins, who are attendants on Ranchor, an incarnation of Vishnu and Dwarea. Having accumulated fortunes from the offerings of the pilgrims resorting to the pagoda, they have retired to Kumbalia, which is well adapted for commerce, to which they are much inclined. The port of this place is Sirreyah, at which vessels anchor, and send up their cargoes in boats. Long. 69. 45. E. Lat. 22. 15. N.
KUMI, an island in the Eastern Seas, about three or four leagues in circuit, populous and cultivated. It is one of a cluster, consisting of six or seven others between Formoza and Japan, seen by Perouse. Long. 23. 16. E. Lat. 24. 33. N. '