pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
WATERLAND, Daniel, D. D., a learned English divine, who greatly distinguished himself in theological controversies, was born in 1683, at Wasely in Lincolnshire, of which place his father was rector. He had his academical learning at Magdalen College, Cambridge, where he drew up a useful tract, which went through several editions, entitled Advice to a Young Student, with a Method of Study for the first four years. In 1713 he became master of the college, was soon after appointed chaplain to George I., and at the time of his death, in 1740, was canon of Windsor, archdeacon of Middlesex, and vicar of Twickenham. A collective edition of his Works, with a review of his life and writings, was published by Bishop Van Mildert. Oxford, 1823, 10 vols. 8vo. A general index, forming the eleventh volume, was added in 1828.
WATERLOO, a village of Belgium, ten miles south of Brussels, with about 1600 inhabitants. Its name has been rendered famous by the battle which decided the fate of Napoleon. For an account of that battle, see the article War.
WATFORD, a market-town of the county of Hertford, in the hundred of Caisho, 17½ miles from London. It stands on the river Colne, a few miles from its source at Otterpool. It is well built and pleasantly situated, consisting principally of one street. There is a good market on Saturday, and two annual fairs are held. The chief trade is spinning silk. The population amounted in 1821 to 4713, and in 1831 to 5293; but this estimate includes the inhabitants of three hamlets which form a portion of the parish, though not of the town.
WATLINGTON, an irregularly built market-town of the county of Oxford, in the hundred of Pirton, forty-three miles from London. It stands in a hilly district, called the Chiltern Hills, has an endowed school, and a market on Saturday, with two annual fairs. The population amounted in 1821 to 1479, and in 1831 to 1833.
WATTS, Isaac, D. D., a learned ano eminent dissenting minister, was born at Southampton in 1674, of parents eminent for piety, and considerable sufferers for conscience-sake. In 1690 he was sent up to London for academical education under the tuition of the Rev. Thomas Rowe; and in 1696 was himself engaged as tutor to the son of Sir John Hartopp, Bart, at Stoke Newington. He began to preach in 1698, and met with general acceptance; and after officiating as an assistant to the Rev. Dr Isaac Chauncy, he succeeded in his pastoral charge in 1702, and continued to preside over that church as long as he lived. Though his whole income did not amount to a hundred a year, he allotted one third of it to the poor. He died in 1748. His numerous works have rendered his name famous among people of every denomination, both in this and other countries, and have been translated into a variety of languages. His Lyric Poems, his Psalms and Hymns, and his Divine Songs for Children, have had an amazing number of editions. His logic and philosophy have been much admired. He also wrote works upon a variety of other subjects, and printed several volumes of his sermons. He was admired for the mildness and benevolence of his disposition. After his death, his Works were collected, and published in six volumes quarto.
WAUFGORN, a town of Hindustan, province of Aurungabad, twenty-four miles north from Poonah, whence originated the Holcar family.
WAUGUR, an extensive district of Hindustan, province of Gujerat, tributary to the Guicowar. It is intersected by the river Mahy.
WAUJPORE, a town of Hindustan, province of Gujerat, forty-five miles from Surat. Long. 73. 47. E. Lat. 21.24. N.
WAUSSIM, a town of Hindustan, province of Berar, situated on a small stream which falls into the Wurdah. Long. 77. 28. E. Lat. 20. 10. N.
WAVE, in Philosophy, water, or any other fluid, raised above the general level of the surface.

The waves of the sea are of two kinds, natural and accidental. The natural waves are those which are exactly proportioned in size to the strength of the wind, whose blowing gives origin to them. The accidental waves are those occasioned by the wind’s re-acting upon itself by repercussion from hills and mountains, or high shores, and by the washing of the waves themselves, otherwise of the natural kind, against rocks and shoals: all these causes give the waves an elevation which they can never have in their natural state.
WAWUL, a village of Hindustan, province of Gujerat, situated on the Sereswati, a few miles to the south-east of Rahdunpoor. It contains about 300 houses.
WAY, a passage or road. The Roman ways were divided into consular, praetorian, military, and public; and of these we have four remarkable ones in England. The first is Watling Street or Watheling Street, leading from Dover to London, Dunstable, Towcester, Atherston, and the Severn, extending as far as Anglesea in Wales. The second, called Hihenild or Ihenild Street, stretches from Southampton over the river Isis at Newbridge; thence by Camden and Litchfield; then passes the Derwent near Derby, and ends at Tynemouth. The third, called Fosse-wαy, because in some places it was never perfected, but lies as a large ditch, leads from Cornwall through Devonshire, by Teth-bury, near Stow in the Wold, and beside Coventry, to [7:21:822]Leicester, Newark, and so to Lincoln. The fourth, called Erming or Errninage Street, extends from St David’s, in Wales, to Southampton.
WAYGHTES, or Waits, a word which is used only in the plural number, and signifies hautboys. It is now applied to the performers on these and other musical instruments, by a transition from the instruments themselves, and particularly to those performers who parade the streets by night, about the Christmas season of the year.
WAYGIOU. See Wageeo.
WAYTE, a rocky island in the Straits of Macassar, near the west coast of Celebes. Long. 119.18. E. Lat. 0. 40. S.
WAYWODE is a title formerly given to the governors of the chief places in the dominions of the czar of Muscovy. The palatines or governors of provinces in Poland also bore the quality of waywodes or waiwodes. The Poles likewise called the princes of Wallachia and Moldavia waywodes, as esteeming them no other than on the footing of governors, pretending that Wallachia and Moldavia are provinces of Poland. Everywhere else these are called hospodars. Du Cange says, that the name waywode is used in Dalmatia, Croatia, and Hungary, for a general of an army; and Leunclavius, in his Pandects of Turkey, tells us it usually signifies captain or commander.
WEARY Bay, on the north-east coast of New Holland, south of Endeavour River.
WEB, a sort of tissue or texture formed of threads interwoven with each other; some of which are extended in length, and called the warp; others are drawn across, and called the weft or woof.
WEDGE, one of the mechanical powers. See Mechanics .

Wedge Island, on the south coast of New Holland, at the mouth of Spencer’s Gulf, the largest of the group called by Captain Flinders Gambier’s Isles. Long. 136. 29. E. Lat. 35. U.S.
WEDMORE, a town and parish of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Bempstone, 126 miles from London and five from Axbridge. It had formerly a market, which has of late years ceased to be attended. The population of the parish amounted in 1821 to 3097, and in 1831 to 3557.
WEDNESBURY, a town of the county of Stafford, in the hundred of Offlow, 124 miles from London and seven from Birmingham. It is a place of black and gloomy appearance, inhabited chiefly by persons employed in the extensive and valuable coal-mines in its vicinity, or in some branches of the iron manufacture. The parish church is a fine ancient Gothic structure. A new church has been built of late years, and there are many chapels for several sects of dissenters. The town has a good market on Wednesday. The population amounted in 1821 to 6471, and in 1831 to 8437.
WEDNESDAY, the fourth day of the week, so called from a Saxon idol named Woden, supposed to be Mars, worshipped on this day.

Ash- Wednesday, the first day of Lent, so called from the custom observed in the ancient Christian church, of penitents expressing their humiliation at this time by appearing in sackcloth and ashes.
WEEK, in chronology, a division of time comprising seven days. See Chronology. Passion- Weck, or the Holy Weck, is the last week in Lent.
WEERE, a small district of Hindustan, province of Cashmere, extending along the south side of the Jhylum, here about eighty yards across.
WEIGHT, in Physics, a quality in natural bodies, whereby they tend downwards towards the centre of the earth. Or, weight may be defined, in a less limited manner, to be a power inherent in all bodies, whereby they tend to some common point, called the centre of gravity, or, to speak more accurately, to one another; and that with a greater or less velocity, as they are more or less dense, or as the medium they pass through is more or less rare.
WEIGHTON, or Market-Weighton, a market-town of the east riding of the county of York, in the wapentake of Harthill, 192 miles from London and eight from Beverley. It chiefly consists of one long street, with a few of less appearance leading from it. It has a good corn market on Wednesday, and a canal communication with the Humber through the Ouse. The population amounted in 1821 to 1724, and in 1831 to 1821.
WEIMAR, a city, the capital of the grand duchy of that name, in Germany. It stands on the river Ilm, and is surrounded with hills, some of which are covered with woods. The buildings are not remarkable, but are on the whole in a better style and condition than is to be seen in most of the towns in Germany of the same extent. The grand duke has a palace in an unfinished state, but with a valuable library, open to all the inhabitants; and some of the state-apartments are elegantly furnished. The liberal feelings of the reigning family have, by their patronage of the most accomplished men of Germany, given a celebrity to their capital to which it could not have attained on any other account. They brought there men like Schiller, Wieland, Herder, Goethe, and several others, who formed points of attraction, which drew towards them the minds of all literary Germans, and thus diffused a spirit and tone of the most elevating nature. The chief trade is that of composing and printing useful works, in a large establishment, in which are employed several hundred workmen, as authors, engravers, letter-founders, lithographers, and printers. The maps issued from it are generally very correct, and sold at low prices, to suit the finances of the great class of the people. The periodical works on surgery and medicine, and the geographical Ephemeriden, are of high reputation, and issued at similar low rates. One of the most attractive objects is the theatre. Here the plays of Schiller and of Goethe were first performed; and this theatre was during many years under the direction of the latter. Though but a small house, nothing can be more appropriate than the building, the decorations, and the stage accuracy in the common representations.

Weimar contains two Lutheran churches, a chapel for the Catholics, and for the Greeks, with a Jews’ synagogue. It is well furnished with schools for the several degrees of instruction, and prepares the pupils for the university of Jena, within the dominions of the same prince. There are many charitable institutions, such as an orphan-house, and several hospitals and poor-houses. At Belvedere, the prince has some very fine gardens, with green and hot-houses, and a fine collection of exotic plants. This forms one of the pleasant promenades by which the inhabitants of Weimar are gratified. The city being on the high road from Frankfort to Leipzig, is a great thoroughfare, and furnishes good accommodation for strangers at the hotels. In 1838 the inhabitants amounted to about 12,000. Long. 12. 45. 5. E. Lat. 50. 59. 12. N.
WEISK, a circle of the province of Wologda, in Russia, is bounded on the north-east by Archangel, on the east by Ustjug and Totma, on the south by Kadnikow, on the west by Novogorod, and on the north-west by Olonetz. It extends over 11,060 square miles, comprehends one city, two market-towns, 390 villages, and 68,750 inhabitants. The soil is generally poor, but near the rivers there is some good pasture-land. There are in it some manufactures of hardware. The capital is the small city of the same name on the river Waga. It scarcely contains more than 1200 inhabitants. It is 956 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 41. 45. E. Lat. 60. 40. N.
WEISSENSTEIN, a circle in the Russian province of Esthonia, formerly called Jerwin. It extends in north latitude from 58° 35' to 59° 12', and in east longitude from 25° 4' to 26° 22', and comprehends 924 square miles, having one town, eight villages, and ninety-one hamlets, with 27,240 inhabitants. The soil is good, and especially near the rivers, where there is excellent pasture for horned cattle. The capital is the town of the same name on the river Weissenstein. Long. 25. 27. E. Lat. 58. 51. 30. N.
WELDON, a market-town of the county of Northampton, in the hundred of Corby, seventy-three miles from London. It consists of two portions, distinguished as Great and Little Weldon, but the latter is the more populous. The river Nen has its source near the town. It contains a good market-house, occupied on Wednesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1821 to 819, and in 1831 to 778.
WELIKIJO-LUKI, a circle of the Russian government of Pfkow, extending in north latitude from 55° 54' to 56° 50', and in east longitude from 29° 23' to 30° 45'. It is watered by the river Lowat, and many of its tributary streams; is generally level, in part undulating, and abounding in woods and morasses. The capital is the city of the same name, on the river Lowat, at the point where the Ko-lomenka falls into that stream. It has four stone and three wooden churches, 400 houses, and 3860 inhabitants, who are employed in tanning the peculiar leather of Russia, and trade in flax and hemp extensively. It is 308 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 30. 20. E. Lat. 56. 22. N.
WELISH, a circle of the Russian government of Witebsk. It extends in north latitude from 55° 25' to 56° 2', and in east longitude from 30° 13' to 31° 6'. It contains one city and 1013 villages, with 56,400 inhabitants. The principal river is the Duna, which receives the waters of the Mescha and the Welish, as well as the overflowing of the lakes Us-man[7:21:857] and Tschiplia. The capital is a city of the same name on the Duna, at the spot where the Welishka falls into that stream. It is an ancient and ill-built town, with a Greek and a Catholic church, and a synagogue. It contains 4800 inhabitants, a fourth part of whom are Jews. It is 430 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 31. 48. E. Lat. 55. 36. N.
WELL, a hole under ground, usually of a cylindrical figure, and walled with stone and mortar. Its use is to collect the water of the strata around it.

Well, an apartment formed in the middle of a ship’s hold, to enclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower decks. It is used as a barrier to preserve those machines from being damaged by the friction or compression of the materials contained in the hold, and particularly to prevent the entrance of ballast, &c., by which the tubes would presently be choked, and the pumps rendered incapable of service. By means of this enclosure, the artificers may likewise more readily descend into the hold in order to examine the state of the pumps, and repair them as occasion requires.
WELLESLEY’S Islands, a group of islands so called by Captain Flinders, at the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria, on the north coast of New Holland. Their names are Mornington isle, Pisonia, Bentinck, Sweer’s island, and several other small and rocky islets.
WELLINGBOROUGH, a market-town of the county of Northampton, in the hundred of Hamfordshoe, sixty-eight miles from London, and seven from Northampton, on the river Nen. It is a well-built town, in which the making of boots and shoes and bobbin lace is still carried on, though the latter trade has declined. Near to it are some medicinal springs, not now in request. From these the place derived its name. There is a good market on Wednesday. The population amounted in 1821 to 4454, and in 1831 to 4688.
WELLINGTON, a market-town in the county of Somerset and hundred of West Kingsbury, on the river Tone, 150 miles from London and seven from Taunton. It is in a rich district, is well built, has an ancient noble church, and a new one recently erected at the sole expense of the clergyman. The town formerly had a considerable trade in making serges and other woollen goods, but that branch of industry has greatly declined of late years. Some pottery ware is made. There is a well-frequented market on Thursday. The population amounted in 1821 to 4170, and in 1831 to 4762.
WELLINGTON, a market-town of the county of Salop, in the hundred of South Bradford, near the Wrekin, 150 miles from London. It is a well-built place, has a handsome church of modern erection, supported by cast-iron pillars. There is a good market on Thursday, and very considerable occupation afforded by the mines of iron and of coal in the vicinity, and by some large iron furnaces. The population amounted in 1821 to 8390, and in 1831 to 9671.
WELLS, a city of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Wellsforum, 120 miles from London and eighteen from Bath. It is situated in a rich valley at the foot of the Mendip Hills, which supply abundance of coal. It is tolerably well built, though many of the houses are of an antique fashion, whilst others of more modern erection are very handsome. The streets are well paved, and remarkably clean. In conjunction with Bath, it is the seat of a bishop, whose palace in the city is one of the best episcopal residences in the kingdom. The cathedral is a spacious Gothic structure in the form of a cross, 380 feet long and 130 feet wide. The most remarkable part of the building is the west front, which is most elaborately ornamented with statues of most excellent carved work in stone. One of the windows contains some beautiful paintings on glass. The chapter-house is remarkable for its structure in the form of a rotunda, having its roof supported by a single pillar in the centre. The deanery is a handsome residence, and the houses of the vicars within the close are very commodious. Besides those belonging to the church, there are several other charitable establishments. Near the city is St Andrew’s Well, whose water is conveyed by pipes to an elegant conduit near the market-cross, and from thence runs through a part of the city. The civil government is vested in the corporation, consisting of a mayor, four aldermen, and eleven councillors; and the city returns two members to the House of Commons. Besides the cathedral, is the parish church of St Cuthbert, with a lofty square tower, and a fine set of six bells; and various places of worship for dissenters. There are good markets on Wednesday and Saturday, and four annual fairs. There are horse-races yearly near the citv. The population amounted in 1821 to 5888, and in 1831 to 6649.

Wells, a market-town of the county of Norfolk, in the hundred of North Greenhoe, 118 miles from London. It stands on the shore of the German Ocean, has a small port and custom-house, but the trade is inconsiderable. The population, including that of the parish, which extends far beyond the town, amounted in 1821 to 2950, and in 1831 to 3624.
WELSHPOOL, a borough-town and parish of the county of Montgomery, in North Wales, in the hundred of Pool, 177 miles from London. It is pleasantly situated and well built, with a convenient county-hall, in which the assizes are held. It is near the river Severn, and is connected with it by a canal, and by another with Ellesmere. It is the chief place where the Welsh flannels are collected from the neighbouring peasantry. The corporation consists of four aldermen and twelve councillors, and the borough returns one member to the House of Commons. The population amounted in 1821 to 3535, and in 1831 to 3500.
WEM, a market-town and large parish of the county of Salop, in the hundred of North Bradford, 172 miles from London. It chiefly consists of one large street, with a few smaller. It has a very handsome church, a free school, and two dissenting chapels. There is a good market on Thursday, and three annual fairs. The population amounted in 1821 to 3621, and in 1831 to 3967; but this includes ten small townships, as Wem itself in 1831 contained only 1932 inhabitants.
WEMYSS, Easter, a village, situated on the shores of the Firth of Forth, in the county of Fife. Its inhabitants, amounting in 1831 to 858, are principally weavers.

Wemyss, Wester, a seaport town about a mile distant from the above. It consists almost entirely of one street, which is in good order, as is also the small harbour. The principal business is connected with the exportation of coals from the extensive coal-mines belonging to the family of Wemyss, which have been worked for many centuries, and now extend to a considcrable distance under the sea. Weaving is also carried on by a few of the inhabitants. The population amounted in 1831 to 858.
WENDEN, a circle of the Russian government of Livonia, extending in north latitude from 56° 35’ to 57° 54', and in east longitude from 25° 3' to 27° 22'. It is bounded by Pernau on the north, by Dorpat on the east, on the south-east by Witebsk, and on the south-west and west by Riga. It comprehends 4158 square miles, with two cities, twenty-eight parishes, 229 hamlets and villages, and 136,400 inhabitants. It is generally a level district, with a few undulations, watered by many small streams, all of which end in the Duna. It produces some corn, chiefly rye or oats. The chief object of cultivation next to grain is flax, which, as well as the seed of that plant, is mostly exported from Riga. Some tallow and wood also furnish articles for foreign trade. The capital is the town of the same name on the river Aa. It was once the assembling place of the knights of the Teutonic order, and many of their monuments still exist in the church. Long. 25. 10. E. Lat. 57. 15. N.
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WENDOVER, a borough and market town of the county of Buckingham, in the hundred of Aylesbury, thirty-five miles from London. It is a poor place, with little or no trade except what is connected with lace-making. It returned two members to the House of Commons till 1832, when it was disfranchised. A small market is held on Thursday. The population amounted in 1821 to 1602, and in 1831 to 1927.
WENEW, a circle of the Russian province of Tula, extending in north latitude from 54° 20' to 55° 50', and in east longitude from 37° 39' to 38° 34'. It contains one city, 147 villages, besides the establishments of some nobles, and 25,500 inhabitants. It is watered by the rivers Oker and Wenewka. The land is moderately fertile, and but in a small part covered with woods. The capital is a city of the same name on the Wenewka, containing 790 houses, with 3400 inhabitants. It is 625 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 38. 1. E. Lat. 54. 20. N.
WENLOCK (called either MucH or Great Wenlock), a borough and market town of the county of Salop, in the division called the Franchise of Wenlock, 151 miles from London. It is a very ancient town, but very ill built. It is said to have been the first town that sent members to parliament in 1478, but it was not incorporated till the reign of Charles the First. It has now six aldermen and eighteen councillors, and sends two members to the House of Commons. It is a place of but little trade, and that only on the market of Friday. The population amounted in 1821 to 3165, and in 1831 to 3481.
WEOBLY, a market-town of the county of Hereford, in the hundred of Stretford, 146 miles from London and twenty-one from the city of Hereford. It is a place of considerable antiquity, and consists of one principal street with well-built houses. It has a market on Thursday. There are two good charity schools. The population amounted in 1821 to 739, and in 1831 to 819.
WERAD, a town of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, in the province of Bejapoor, sixty-three miles southsouth-west from Poonah. Long. 73. 48. E. Lat. 17. 30. N.