pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
DORIC, in general, any thing belonging to the Dorians.

Doric, in Architecture, is the second of the five orders, being that between the Tuscan and Ionic. See Architecture. Doric Dialect, one of the five dialects, or forms of speech, which prevailed among the Greeks. It was first used by the Lacedaemonians, and particularly by those of Argos; and thence it passed into Epirus, Libya, Sicily, and the islands of Rhodes and Crete. In this dialect wrote Archimedes and Theocritus, who were both of Syracuse, as likewise Pindar.

In strictness, however, we should rather define Doric the manner of speaking peculiar to the Dorians, and which afterwards came to prevail among the Lacedaemonians and other states. Some even distinguish between the Lacedaemonian and Doric; but in reality, setting aside a few particularities in the language of the Lacedaemonians, these dialects were the same; as indeed is shown by Rulandus in his treatise De Lingua Grceca ejusque Dialectis.

Besides the authors already mentioned as having written in the Doric dialect, we might add Archytas of Tarentum, Bion, Callinus, Simonides, Bacchylides, Cypselas, Alemeon, and Sophron.

Most of the medals of the cities of Graecia Magna and Sicily savour of the Doric dialect in their inscription: thus, AMBPAKIΩTΛN, AΠOΛΛ∩NIATΔN, AXEOPON-TAN, AXTPITAN, IIPAXΛE∩TAN, TPAXINI∩N, ΘEPMI-TAN, KATΛONIATAN, KOΠIATAN, TATPOMENITAN. These names indicate the countries in which the Doric dialect was used.

The general rules of this dialect are laid down by the grammarians of the Port-Royal; but they are much better explained in the fourth book of Rulandus, where he even notes the minuter differences of the dialects of Sicily, Crete, Tarentum, Rhodes, Lacedaemon, Laconia, Macedonia, and Thessaly. The omega abounds everywhere in the Doric; but this dialect bears so close a conformity to the Aeolic, that many reckon them but one. (See Müller’s History and Antiquities of the Doric Pace, vol. ii. appendix.)

Doric Mode, in Music, the first of the authentic modes of the ancients. Its character is severity tempered with gravity an; 1 i joy; and it was proper upon religious occasions, as also used in war. Plato admires the music of the Doric mode, and judges it proper for preserving good manners, from being masculine in its character; on which account lie allows it in his commonwealth. The ancients had likewise their subdoric or hypodoric mode, which was one of the plagal modes. Its character was also very grave and solemn, and it begins a fourth lower than the Doric.
DORING, or Daring, among sportsmen, a term used to express a method of taking larks, by means of a clapnet and a looking glass. For this sport there must be provided four sticks very straight and light, about the size of a pike; and two of these must be about four feet nine inches long, and all notched at the edges or the ends. At one end of each of these sticks there is fastened another of about a foot long on one side; and on the other side a small wooden peg about three inches long. Then four or more sticks are prepared, each of them one foot in length; and every one of these must have a chord of nine feet long fastened to it at the end. Each should be provided with a buckle for the commodious fastening on of the respective sticks when the net is to be spread. A cord must also be provided, having two branches. The one must be nine feet and a half, and the other ten feet long, with a buckle at the end of each; the rest of the cord must be twenty-four yards long. All these cords, as well the long ones as those about the sticks, must be well twisted, and of the thickness of one’s little finger. The next thing to be provided is a staff four feet long, pointed at one end, and with a ball of wood at the other, for carrying these conveniences in a sack or wallet. There should also be carried a spade to level the ground where there may be any little irregularities, with two small rods, each eighteen inches long, and having a small rod fixed with a pack-thread at the larger end of one of them. To these are to be tied some pack-thread loops, in order to fasten the legs of some larks; and there must also be reels, that the birds may fly a little way up and down. When all this is done, the looking-glass is to be prepared in the following manner. Take a piece of wood about an inch and a half thick, and cut it in the form of a bow, so that there may be about nine inches space between the two ends; and let it have its full thickness at the bottom, that it may receive into it a false piece, in the five corners of which there are to be set in five pieces of looking-glass. These must be so fixed as to dart their light upwards; and the whole machine must be supported on a moveable pin, with the end of a long line fixed to it, and made in the manner of the children’s plaything called an apple and a plumstone; so that one end of the cord being carried through a hedge, the barely pulling it may set the whole machine of the glass a turning. This and the other contrivances are to be placed in the middle between the two nets. The larks fixed to the place, and termed calls, with the glittering of the looking-glasses as they twirl round in the sun, invite the other larks down; and the cord which communicates with the nets, and goes through the hedge, gives the person behind an opportunity of pulling up the nets, so as to meet over the whole, and take every thing that is between them. The places where this sort of sporting succeeds best are open fields remote from any trees and hedges, except one by way of shelter for the sportsman; and the wind should always be either in the front or back, for if it blows sidewise, it prevents the playing of the net.
DORKING, a market-town of the hundred of Wooton, in the county of Surrey, twenty-four miles from London. It is in a good situation, at the junction of two valleys, on a gentle elevation. There is a fine church, formerly collegiate. The market is held on a Thursday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 3058, in 1811 to 3259, in 1821 to 3812, and in 1831 to 4711.
DORMANS, a city of the department of the Marne, in France, on the left bank of the river Marne, with 428 houses, and 2275 inhabitants, who carry on a great trade both in corn and in wine of Champagne.
DORMANT, in Heraldry, is used for the posture of a lion, or any other beast, lying along in a sleeping attitude, with the head on the fore paws; by which it is distinguished from the couchant, where, though the beastis lying, yet he holds up his head.
DORMER, in Architecture, signifies a window made in the roof of a house, or above the entablature, being raised upon the rafters.
DORMITORY, a gallery in convents or religious houses, divided into several cells, in which the religious sleep or lodge.
DORNBERG, a circle in the grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, comprising the town of that name, and twenty-seven villages, with 1093 houses, and 7732 inhabitants.
DORNBIRN, a market-town of the circle of Bregentz, and Austrian province of Tyrol. It stands on the river Fussach, and is a flourishing place, owing to its manufactories of muslins and cotton cambrics, and its mills for spinning flax. It contains more than 4000 inhabitants.
DORNOCH, a royal burgh of Scotland, in the county of Sutherland. It is situated on the northern coast of the Frith of Dornoch, on a low sandy beach, nearly opposite the burgh of Tain, which lies on the south side of the frith.
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It is of considerable antiquity, and was formerly the seat of the bishops of Caithness, who had here a spacious castle. The parish church is part of the cathedral, which is supposed to have been erected in the eleventh century. Dornoch, although the seat of the county courts, is a mere village, with little or no trade. The population of the town and parish amounted in 1821 to 3100, and in 1831 to 3380.

Dornoch Frith, an arm of the sea on the eastern coast of the Highlands of Scotland, serving as the boundary between the counties of Ross and Sutherland for several miles. It is twelve miles broad at its mouth, and here has more the character of a bay than of a frith. It gradually becomes narrower, till, within three miles west from the town of Dornoch, its breadth decreases to two miles. Above this point it becomes much broader, forming an inner harbour or bay. There are several ferries upon this frith, and near its head it is crossed by an iron bridge, where also the rivers Oykel and Shin empty their waters.
DOR0BAT, a small town of Arabia, in the country of Yemen, the capital of a district situated on the crest of a mountain, remarkable for a prison excavated from the rock, where malefactors are secured by long chains. It is twelve miles west of Taas.
DOR0NINSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Irkutsk, situated on the river 1ngoda, 208 miles east-south-east from Irkutsk.
DORPAT, a circle in the Russian province of Livonia, but formerly of Esthonia. It extends over 3420 square miles, and contains a population of 137,415 souls, in two cities and twenty parishes, with 206 noble residences, and 15,331 peasants’ dwellings. The chief place, the city of the same name, is situated on the great Embach. It is an open city, built in the German style, and by far the best constructed of any place in Livonia. It has a Greek and a Lutheran church, 1200 houses, and about 10,000 inhabitants. It is chiefly remarkable on account of its university, which is the best in Russia, both as regards its professors, and the appropriate collections necessary for instruction in the higher branches of science, particularly of astronomy. There are also good preparatory schools. Long. 26. 37. 45. E; Lat. 58. 22. 47. N.
DOROGOBUSII, a circle in the European Russian government of Smolensko. It occupies both sides of the river Dnieper, and is tolerably fruitful and well cultivated. The chief place is the city of the same name. It is the .«eat of a bishop; is neatly built, mostly of stone; and contains 3990 inhabitants, who chiefly subsist by the trade on the river Dnieper.
DOROHOĽ, a circle of Moldavia, in the northernmost part of that principality, watered by the rivers Pruth, Sireth, Schiga, and Bascheu. The capital is of the same name. It is situated on the side of a lake, is a large but not compact town, and, like the other towns in Moldavia, is filthy and badly built. It contains many churches and monasteries, has a weekly market, and is the seat of the court of law for a part of the province.
DORSIFEROUS Plants, among botanists, such as are of the capillary kind, without stalks, and which bear their seeds on the back side of their leaves.
DORT, or Dortrecht, a circle in the province of Holland, in the Netherlands, divided into the four cantons of Dort, Old Beaverland, Ridderkerk, and Stryen, and containing 51,361 inhabitants.

Dort, a city of Holland, the capital of the circle of the same name, situated on the rivers Merve and Bicsbosch. It is celebrated from the theological synod held there in the years 1618 and 1619. It is a place of great trade, especially in Rhine wine, timber, flax, stock-fish, and trainoil; and there are many refineries for sugar and salt, distilleries of Geneva, and mills for spinning cotton, wool, and flax. It contains 3954 houses, and 17,387 inhabitants. Long. 4. 33. 12. E. Lat. 51. 47. 52. N.
DORTMUND, a circle in the Prussian province of Westphalia, in the government of Arensberg. It extends over 180 square miles, or 51,200 acres, and comprehends five cities, one market-town, and several villages, with a population of 32,509 persons.
DORY Harbour, a harbour on the northern coast of Papua, At this harbour are neither fowls nor goats; but wild hogs, fish, greens, fruit, &c. Wood is plentiful, and the wild nutmeg grows in the vicinity. Long. 134. 35. E. Lat. 48. S.
DORYPHORI (from ĉo¢u, spear, and∣piβω, I hear), an appellation given to the life-guardmen of the Roman emperors. They were held in such high estimation as frequently to have the command of armies conferred on them. It was usual also for commanders-in-chief to have their doryphori or life-guard to attend them.
DOSITHEANS (Dosither), an ancient sect among the Samaritans in the first century of the Christian era.

Mention is made by Origen, Epiphanius, Jerome, and various other Greek and Italian fathers, of one Dositheus, the chief of a faction among the Samaritans; but the learned are not all agreed as to the time when he lived. St Jerome, in his dialogue against the Luciferians, places him before the time of our Saviour; and in this he is followed by Drusius, who, in his answer to Serrarius, places him about the time of Sennacherib, king of Assyria. But Scaliger contends that he was posterior to our Saviour’s time; and in effect Origen intimates that he must have been contemporary with the apostles, observing that this man endeavoured to persuade the Samaritans that he was the Messiah foretold by Moses.

Dositheus had many followers; and his sect subsisted at Alexandria in the time of the patriarch Eulogius, as appears from a decree of that patriarch published by Photius[7:8:122]. In this decree Eulogius accuses Dositheus of abusing the ancient patriarchs and prophets, and of attributing to himself the spirit of prophecy; makes him contemporary with Simon Magus; and accuses him of corrupting the Pentateuch in various places, as well as of composing several books directly contrary to the law of God.

Archbishop Usher conceives Dositheus to have been the author of all the changes made in the Samaritan Pentateuch, which he infers on the authority of Eulogius. But all that we can justly gather from the testimony of Eulogius is, that Dositheus corrupted the Samaritan copies since used by that sect. This corruption, however, did not pass into all the copies of the Samaritan Pentateuch now in use amongst us, which vary but little from the Jewish Pentateuch; and hence we are to understand the passage in a Samaritan chronicle, where it is said that Dousis' or Dositheus altered several things in the law of Moses, in the sense here indicated. The author of that chronicle, who was a Samaritan by religion, adds, that the high priest sent several Samaritans to seize Dousis and his corrupted copy of the Pentateuch.

Epiphanius takes Dositheus to have been a Jew by birth, and to have abandoned the Jewish party for that of the Samaritans. He imagines him likewise to have been the founder of the sect of the Sadducees. But this seems inconsistent with his being later than our Saviour; and yet the Jesuit Serrarius agrees to make Dositheus the master of Sadok, from whom the Sadducees were derived.

Tertullian, in mentioning the same Dositheus, observes that he was the first who dared to reject the authority of the prophets, by denying their inspiration. But he charges as a crime peculiar to that sectary, what in reality was common to the whole sect, who never allowed any but the five books of Moses to be of divine inspiration.
DOSSER, a sort of basket to be carried on the shoulders of men. It is used in carrying the surplus earth from one part of a fortification to another where it is wanted. There are likewise small carts and wheel-barrows for the same use.
DOTIS, a market-town of Hungary, in the circle of Farther Danube. It is situated on the river Tata, near a small lake. There is an ancient castle and keep belonging to Prince Esterhazy. It contains two Catholic and one Lutheran church, a synagogue, two monasteries, 850 houses, and 8580 inhabitants. It is a place of considerable trade. Long. 18. 13. 6. E. Lat. 47. 38. 45. N.
DOUAY, an arrondissement in the department of the North, in France, extending over 450 square miles, divided into thirteen cantons, and these subdivided into 146 communes, containing 183,560 inhabitants. The city which gives its name to the arrondissement is on the river Scarpe, which is divided into several channels in passing through it. The fortifications are strong, and more easily defended, from the ease with which the environs may be inundated. It is a large but not well-built city, containing 2730 houses, and 18,460 inhabitants. It was once celebrated as the place of education of Catholic priests for the British dominions. It is now the seat of large manufactories of various kinds. Long. 2. 59. 42. E. Lat. 50. 22. 12. N.
DOUBLETS, a game on dice within tables. The men, fifteen in number, are placed thus: Upon the six, cinque, and quatre points, there stand three men a piece; and upon the trey, deuce, and ace, only two. He who throws [7:8:124]highest has the benefit of throwing first, and what he throws he lays down, and so does the other; what the one throws and has not, the other lays down for him, but on his own account; and thus they proceed until all the men arc down, and then they bear, as it is called. He who is firet down bears first, and will doubtless win the game if the other throws not doublets to overtake him; which he is sure to do, since he advances or bears as many as the doublets make, namely, eight for two fours.
DOUBLING, in, the military art, is the putting of two ranks or files, of soldiers into one. Thus, when the word of command is double your ranks, the second, fourth, and sixth ranks march into the first, third, and fifth, so that the six ranks are reduced to three, and the intervals between the ranks become double what they were before.

Doubling, among hunters, is when a hare keeps in plain fields, and winds about in order to deceive the hounds.

Doubling, i n the. manege, is a term applied to a horse, who is said to double his reins, when he leaps several times together, in order to throw his rider. Thus it is said, “the ramingue doubles his reins, and makes pontlevis.”

Doubling, in navigation, the art of sailing round or passing beyond a cape or promontory, so that the cape or point of land separates the ship from her former situation, or lies between her and any distant observer.
DOUBLON, or Dubloon, a Spanish and Portuguese coin, being the double of a pistole.
DOUBS, a department of France, formed out of the ancient province of Franche-Comté, and the lordship of Mompelģard, to which in 1816 were added the cantons of Montbéliard and Audincourt, which were taken from the department of the Upper Rhine. It is bounded on the north by the departments of the Upper Rhine and Upper Saone, on the east and south by Switzerland, and on the west by the department of Jura. It extends over 2230 square miles, and the inhabitants amount to 242,597. The divisions are four arrondissements, and the subdivisions twenty-seven cantons and 633 communes. It is generally a mountainous country; the ranges traverse it in different directions, but none exceeds 2000 feet, and they are all of calcareous formation. Between the mountains are picturesque and fertile valleys, with the exception of which the whole department may be described as an ungrateful soil, and nearly one fifth of the surface is covered with scanty woods. The land on the hills scarcely ever brings even oats to perfect ripeness; but in some parts the pasture land is good, apd especially for the dairy; and many calves are bred for the neighbouring departments. The sheep are few, but the goats are numerous. There are some iron mines and iron works, and some small manufactures made from iron, besides articles made of wood, which comprise the industry of the district. The wine of late years has increased both in quality and in quantity. The capital is Besançon.
DOUBTFUL, Island lies in the South Pacific Ocean, in long. 141. 3Ŏ. W. and lat. 17. 20. S. It was so named by Captain Cook, and was seen by the French navigator Bougainville. There is another small island of this name near the 1 south coast of New Holland, so called by Captain Vancouver, from his uncertainty whether it was connected with the Continent. Long. 119. 49. E. Lat. 34.· 23. S.
DOUBTING, the act of withholding assent from any proposition, on suspicion that we are not thoroughly apprised of its merits, or from not being able peremptorily to decide between the reasons for and against it. Doubting is dist.iŋguished by the schoolmen into two kinds, dubi tatio sterilis, and dubitatio efficax. The former is that where no determination ensues; and in this manner doubted the Sceptics and Academics, who withheld their assent from every thing. The latter is followed by judgment, which distinguishes truth from falsehood; and such is the doubting of the Peripatetics and the Cartesians. The dubitatio efficax perpetually inculcates the deceitfulness of our senses, and teaches us that we are to doubt of every one of their reports till they have been examined and confirmed by reason. On the other hand, the Epicureans teach that our senses always tell truth; and that if we deviate ever so little from them, we come within the province of doubting.
DOUDEVILLE, a market-town of the department of the Lower Seine, with 386 houses and 2984 inhabitants.
DOUDPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gundwana, possessed by r independent Goand chiefs. It is thirty-five miles south by east from Bustar. Long. 83. 10. E. Lat. 19. 36. N.
DOUPARRA, a town of Hindustan, in the south of India, and district of Coinmin. It is eighty-seven miles north from Cudapah'. Long. 79. 4. E. Lat. 15. 43. N.
DOULEIA (∆ouas∕α), among the Athenians, a kind of punishment by which the criminal was reduced to the condition of a slave. It was never inflicted upon any except the aτιμο ∣ , sojourners and freed servants.
DOULENS, an arrondissement of the department of the Somme, in France, extending over 310 square miles, and divided into four cantons and eighty-nine communes, containing 52,626 inhabitants. The capital is a town of the same name, situated at the junction of the two rivers the Authie and the Grouche. It contains 460 houses and 1323 inhabitants.
DOUNE, a village of Scotland, in the southern part of Perthshire, pleasantly situated on the northern bank of the Teith. It consists of three streets radiating from a centre, where stands the market-cross. Its general appearance was much improved in 1826 by the erection of a parish church in the Gothic style, with a handsome tower. In the immediate vicinity is an extensive cotton manufactory.
DOUR, a town in the circle of Mons, and province of Hennegau, in the Netherlands. Near to it are some very extensive coal mines. The inhabitants amount to 4549.
DOURDAN, a market-town of France, in the department of the Seine and Oise, situated on an elevation overlooking the river Orge, with 450 houses and 2592 inhabitants.
DOVE. See Ornithology. Dove Island, a small island in Torres Strait, on the north coast of New Holland, about a mile and a half in circuit. The fragrance of the trees and shrubs with which it is covered perfumes the air.

Dove- Tailing, in carpentry, is the manner of fastening boards together by letting one piece into another in the form of the tail of a dove. The dove-tail is the strongest of the assemblages or joinings, because the tenon, or piece of wood which is put into the - other, goes widening to the extreme, so that it cannot be drawn out again, by reason that the extreme or tip is bigger than the hole.