pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
HOGYESK, a market-town of the circle of Toln, in the province of the Farther Danube, in the kingdom of Hungary. Near to it is the castle, with a fine park of Count Apony. It contains 3100 inhabitants, employed in the cultivation of tobacco and wine.
HOHENELBE, a town of the circle of Bidschow, in the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia. It is situated in a mountainous district, on the river Elbe, near the frontier of Saxony. It contains two churches, 357 houses, and 3307 inhabitants, who carry on a flourishing trade in manufacturing muslins, linen goods, and writing paper.
HOHENGEROLDSECK, a small territory denominated a grafschaft or county, belonging to the empire of Austria. It is the only part of the dominion detached from the rest, and is surrounded by the territory of the Prince of Baden. It extends over fifty square miles, and contains about 5000 inhabitants. It is composed chiefly of hills, which form part of the Black Forest, the highest of which, called the Schimburg, has an extensive prospect over the Rhine. There are in it some mines of lead and silver. The soil is fruitful in corn, and the valleys afford good pasturage.
HOHENSTEIN, a city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the circle of Freyburg, formerly the capital of the mediatized principality of the same name. It stands on the side of a remarkable mountain, in which are veins of gold, silver, and arsenic. It contains 450 houses, and 3400 inhabitants, some employed in the mines, but more in spinning and weaving cotton goods.

HOHENZOLLERN-Hechingen, a sovereign principality in the ancient division of· Suabia, in Germany. It is surrounded by the kingdom of Wurtemberg, except towards the south, where it is bounded by the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. It extends over 120 square miles, and comprehends one town and fourteen parishes, with 14,900 inhabitants. It is generally a hilly country, some of the most lofty points being 2600 feet above the sea. It is moderately fertile, but a part is covered with woods. It is watered by only small brooks, some of which run to the Danube, and others to the Neckar. The revenue amounts to about L. 12,000 annually, and die debt is heavy, which the prince is lessening by contracting the expenditure. The chief products of the land are wood, potatoes, flax, hemp, and more especially gentian. The people find some employment in making wooden toys and articles of household furniture. The military contingent to the German confederation is 145 men.

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a sovereign principality in the south of Germany. Except on the north side, where it is bounded by Hohenzollern-Hechingen, it is surrounded by the kingdom of Wurtemberg and the duchy of Baden. It is 400 square miles in extent, and contains four cities, seven market-towns, and seventy villages and hamlets, formed into forty parishes. It contains 7100 houses, and 38,000 inhabitants. The land is mountainous and woody, and the soil mixed with many stones; but the valleys afford good pasture and dairy land, especially on the banks of the rivers. The Danube, here a small stream, receives the waters of all the brooks and rivulets, excepting two, which run to the Neckar. The produce of corn, aided by potatoes, is greater than the consumption; but the excess consists more of winter barley than of wheat. Some portions of the land yield excellent flax. The chief articles to be exchanged for foreign articles are wood, corn, flax, yarn, potashes, and some glass and iron goods. The latter are fabricated from some mines of that metal within the territory. Excepting a few Jews, the inhabitants are all Catholics; and in no part of Germany is education in so backward a state. The revenues of the principality amount to about L.30,000 annually, one third of which arises from the patrimonial estates of the sovereign. There are no military except a small body guard. The contingent to be furnished to the German confederation is 370 men. The capital is Sigmaringen, a fortified town, with 1340 inhabitants.
HOHNSTEIN, a small province of the kingdom of Hanover, formerly belonging to the Counts of Stolberg; but being sequestrated, it was, in 1777, transferred to Hanover, which assumed the debts upon it, amounting to about L.30,000 sterling. It lies between the Prussian province of Saxony and the duchy of Brunswick. It extends over 132 square miles, comprehends two towns, twenty-one villages, and 1220 houses, with 7360 inhabitants. A great part of the province consists of mountain and wood. Its agriculture is insignificant, but it contains mines of copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, and coal, though but slightly worked. The chief town is Ilefeld.
HOIST, in sea-language, denotes the perpendicular height of a flag or ensign, as opposed to the fly, which signifies its breadth from the staff to the outer edge.
HOISTING signifies the operation of drawing up any body by the assistance of one or more tackles. Hoisting is never applied to the act of pulling up any body by the help of a single block, except in extending the sails by drawing them upwards along the masts or stays, to which it is invariably applied.

HOKE-Day, Hocκ-Day, or Hocκ-Tuesday, in our ancient customs, the second Tuesday after Easter week; a solemn festival celebrated for many ages in England, in memory of the great slaughter of the Danes in the time of King Ethelred, when they were almost all destroyed in one day in different parts of the kingdom, and principally by women. This is still observed in some counties; and the women bear the principal part in the observance, stopping all passengers with ropes and chains, and exacting some small matter from them to make merry withal. This day was very remarkable in former times, inasmuch as to be, like Michaelmas, a general term or time of account. We find leases without date reserving so much rent payable αu duos anni terminos, silicet, ad le hoke-day, et ad festu fli sancti Michaelis. In the account of Magdalen College, Oxford, there is yearly an allowance pro mulicribus hoe- [7:11:507]hantibus of some manors in Hampshire, where the men hock the women on Mondays, and the women hock the men on Tuesdays. The meaning of this is, that on that day the women in merriment stopped the way with ropes, and pulled passengers to them, desiring something to be laid out for pious uses.

Hoke-Z><7∕∕ Money, or Hohe- Tuesday Money, a tribute anciently paid to the landlord for giving his tenants and bondsmen leave to celebrate hock-day, or hoke-day, in memory of the explusion of the Danes.
HOLBEACH, a town of the county of Lincoln, in the hundred of Elloe, in the parish of Holland, 106 miles from London. It is situated in a marshy district, surrounded with excellent fen pasture. It is a place of great antiquity, but not well built. There is a market, which is held on Thursday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 2683, in 1811 to 2962, in 1821 to 3621, and in 1831 to 3890.
HOLD, the interior cavity of a ship, or all that part of her inside which is comprehended between the floor and the lower deck throughout her whole length. This capacious apartment usually contains the ballast, provisions, and stores of a ship of war, and the principal part of the cargo in a merchantman.
HOLDER, William, an English divine, was born in Nottinghamshire, educated in Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and appointed rector of Blechingdon of Oxford in 1642. In 1660 he received the degree of doctor in divinity, and afterwards became canon of Ely, fellow of the Royal Society, canon of St Paul’s, sub-dean of the chapel royal, and sub-almoner to his majesty. Dr Holder was an accomplished scholar, and distinguished himself by teaching a young gentleman of rank who was born deaf and dumb, to speak. This gentleman’s name was Alexander Popham, son of Colonel Edward Popham, who was for some time an admiral in the service of the Long Parliament. The cure was performed by him at Blechingdon in 1659; but Popham losing what he had been taught by Holder after he returned home to his friends, was sent to Dr Wallis, under [7:11:508]whom he recovered the use of speech. Holder published a book entitled the Elements of Speech, being an inquiry into the natural production of letters, with an appendix concerning persons who are deaf and dumb, 1669, 8vo. In the appendix he relates how soon, and by what methods, he brought Popham to speak. In 1678, he published a Supplement to the Philosophical Transactions of July 1670, with some reflections on Dr Wallis’s letter there inserted, in 4to. This was written to vindicate the merit of having taught Popham to speak, which Wallis in the letter referred to had claimed to himself; but Dr Wallis soon afterwards published a Defence of the Royal Society, and the Philosophical Transactions, particularly those of July 1670, in answer to the Cavils of Dr W r illiam Holder, 1678, in 4to. Holder was skilled in the theory and practice of music, and wrote a treatise on the Natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony, 1694, 8vo. He also wrote a Discourse concerning Time, with application of the natural day, lunar month, and solar year, &c. 1694, in 8vo. He died at Amen Corner in London, on the 24th of January 1696, and was buried in St Paul’s.
HOLDSWORTH, Edward, a polite and elegant scholar, was born about the year 1688, and educated at Winchester school. He was thence elected demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, in July 1705; took the degree of master of arts in April 1711; and then became a collegetutor, and had many pupils. In 1715, when about to be chosen to a fellowship, he resigned his demyship and left the college, because he felt unwilling to take the oath of allegiance to the new government. The remainder of his life was spent in travelling as tutor with young noblemen and gentlemen, in which capacity he visited Rome in 1741 and 1744. He died of a fever at Lord Digby’s house at Coleshill in Warwickshire, on the 30th of December 1747. He was the author of the Muscipula, a poem, esteemed a masterpiece of its kind, and of which there is a good English translation by Dr John Hoadly, in Dodsley’s Miscellanies (vol. v.). He was also the author of a dissertation entitled Pharsalia and Philippi, or the two Philippi in Virgil’s Georgies attempted to be explained and reconciled to History, 1741, in 4to; and of Remarks and Dissertations on Virgil; besides some other classical observations, published with several notes and additional remarks by Mr Spence, 1768, in 4to. Mr Spence speaks of him in his Polymetis, as one who more thoroughly understood Virgil than any person he ever knew.
HOLDSWORTHY, a town of the county of Devon, in the hundred of Black-Torrington, 214 miles from London. It is in a pleasant situation between two branches of the river Tamar, which unite and run to Plymouth. There is a small market, which is held on Saturday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1045, in 1811 to 1206, in 1821 to 1440, and in 1831 to 1628.
HOLESCHAU, a city of the circle of Hradesch, in the Austrian province of Moravia, on the river Nussawa. It contains 305 houses and 3733 inhabitants, of whom one third are Jews. It has considerable manufactures of woollens, and much internal trade.
HOLINESS, or Sanctity, a quality which constitutes or denominates a person or thing holy, that is, pure, or exempt from sin. The word is also used in respect of persons and things that are sacred, or, in other words, set apart to the service of God, and the uses of religion.

Holiness is also a title of quality attributed to the pope, as that of majesty is to kings. Even kings, when writing to the pope, address him under the venerable appellation of Your Holiness, or Holy Father; in Latin, Sanctissime or Beatissimo Pater. Anciently the same title was given to all bishops. The Greek emperors also were addressed under the title of Holiness, on account of their being anointed with holy oil at their coronation. Du Cange adds, that some of the kings of England have had the same attribute; and that the orientals have frequently refused it to the pope.
HOLINSHED, Raphael, one of that humble but useful class of historians called chroniclers, was descended of a family which lived at Bosely in Cheshire; but neither the time nor place of his birth is known, nor indeed any other circumstance of his life. According to Bishop Tanner, he was educated at Cambridge, and became master of arts in the year 1544. But the nature and extent of his education, as well as his profession, are involved in uncertainty. It seems probable, however, that he was steward to Thomas Burdett, of Bomeote in Warwickshire, where he died about the year 1580. He has given his name to a compilation of Chronicles of English History from the earliest times, the first edition of which was published at London in 1577, in two volumes folio; and the second edition, in three volumes, was printed about seven years after his death, being brought down to 1586. This work, according to the testimony of Holinshed himself, was begun by the advice of Reginald Wolfe, printer to Queen Elizabeth. Part of it was compiled by himself, but he received considerable assistance from William Harrison, John Hooker, Abraham Fleming, Francis Thynne, and some others. After the death of Holinshed, it was continued by John Stowe. Some parts of the first edition were altered in the second and third, because they gave offence to Queen Elizabeth and the ministry, who laid many restrictions on the liberty of the press; but the castrated sheets were reprinted apart in 1723. The first volume of the Chronicles opens with an Historical Description of the Island of Britain by William Harrison; and this is followed by the History of England, from the time when it was first inhabited until that when it was last conquered, by Holinshed himself. The second volume contains the Description, Conquest, Inhabitation, and troublesome Estate of Ireland, by Richard Stanihurst; the conquest of Ireland, translated from the Latin of Giraldus Cambrensis by John Hooker, or Vowell; the Chronicles of Ireland, beginning where Giraldus ended, by Holinshed; the Description of Scotland, translated from the Latin of Hector Boethius, by Hoľmshed and Harrison; and the History of Scotland, containing the beginning, increase, proceedings, continuance, acts and government of the Scottish nation, from the original thereof unto the year 1571, compiled by Holinshed, and continued from 1571 to 1586 by Francis Boteville and others. The third volume commences with Duke William the Norman, commonly called the Conqueror, “and descends by degrees of yeeres to all the kings and queenes of England.” As already mentioned, the time of Holinshed’s death, like the date of his birth, is unknown; but from his will, which Hearne has prefixed to his edition of Camden’s Annals, it would appear that it must have happened between 1578 and 1582.
HOLLAND, Dr Philemon, a noted translator, was descended of an ancient family in Lancashire, and educated in the university of Cambridge. He was for many years a schoolmaster at Coventry, where he also practised physic. He translated into English, Livy, Pliny’s Natural History, Plutarch’s Morals, Suetonius, Ammianus Marcellinus, Xenophon’s Cyropoedia, and Camden’s Britannia i and into Latin the geographical part of Speed s Theatre of Great Britain, and the French Pharmacopoeia of Brice Bauderon. But the Britannia, to which he made many useful additions, was the most valuable of his works. It is surprising that a man of two professions could find time to translate so much; but it appears, from the date of the Cyropwdia, that he continued to translate till he was eighty years of age. He died on the 9th of February 1636, at the advanced age of eighty-five.
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HOLLAND, New, the largest island in the world, reaching from 10° to 40° south latitude, and between 114° and 153° of east longitude from London. See the article Australasia for a general account of this immense island; and the article Wales, New South, for an account of the British Penal Colony established in it.

Holland, in commerce, a fine and close kind of linen, so called from its being first manufactured in Holland.
HOLLOA, in nautical language, an exclamation of answer, to any person who calls to another to ask some question, or to give a particular order. It is also the answer in hailing a ship at a distance.
HOLM (Saxon, Hulmus, insula amnica), denotes an isle or fenny ground, according to Bede, or a river island. And where any place is called by that name, and this syllable is joined with any other in the names of places, it signifies a place surrounded with water, as the Flatholmes and Stepholmes in the Severn near Bristol; but if the situation of the place be not near the water, it may then signify a hilly place, holm in Saxon signifying also a hill or cliff.
HOLMS, two islands in the Bristol Channel, distinguished by the appellation of the flat and the steep, which form part of the Welsh county of Glamorgan. On the former is a light-house, and a dwelling for those who superintend the lights, and a few other houses, with about fifty acres of cultivated land. The latter is a rock about 400 feet in height, with a difficult and dangerous access. The soil is sandy, and the vegetation confined, and only fit for rabbits, of whom great numbers are found there.
HOLOCAUST (formed from caoj, whole, and κα∕w, to consume with fire), a kind of sacrifice, in which the whole offering is burned or consumed by fire, as an acknowledgment that God, the creator, preserver, and lord of all, was worthy of all honour and worship, and as a token of men’s giving themselves entirely up to him. It is also called in Scripture a burnt-offering. Sacrifices of this sort are often mentioned by the heathens as well as Jews (Xenophon, Cyropoed. lib. viii. p. 446, 1738), and they appear to have been in use long before the institution of the other Jewish sacrifices by the law of Moses (Job, i. 5, xli. 8; and Gen. viii. 20, xxii. 13). On this account the Jews, who would not allow the Gentiles to offer on their altar any sacrifices peculiarly enjoined by the law of Moses, permitted them by means of the Jewish priests to offer holocausts, because these were a sort of sacrifices prior to the law, and common to all nations. During their subjection to the Romans it was no uncommon thing for the Gentiles to offer sacrifices to the God of Israel at Jerusalem. Holocausts were deemed by the Jews the most excellent of all their sacrifices. It is said that this kind of sacrifice was in common use amongst the heathens, till Prometheus introduced the custom of burning only a part, and reserving the remainder for his own use.
HOLOFERNES, lieutenant-general of the armies of Nebuchadonosor, king of Assyria, who having in a remarkable encounter overcome Arphaxad, king of the Medes, sent to all the neighbouring nations with an intention of obliging them to submit to his empire, pretending that there was no power capable of resisting him. At the same time Holofernes, at the head of a powerful army, passed the Euphrates, entered Cilicia and Syria, and subdued almost all the people of these provinces.

Being resolved to make a conquest of Egypt, he advanced towards Judaea, little expecting to meet with any resistance from the Jews. In the mean time, he was informed that they were preparing to oppose him; and [7:11:534]Achior, the commander of the Ammonites, who had already submitted to Holofernes, and joined his army with some auxiliary troops, represented to him that the Hebrews were a people protected in a particular manner by Almighty God, as long as they were obedient to him; and therefore that he should not flatter himself with expectations of overcoming them, unless they had committed some offence against God, and thereby become unworthy of his protection. ’ Holofernes, disregarding this advice, commanded Achior to be conveyed within sight of the walls of Bethulia, tied to a tree, and left there; but the Jews came thither and unbound him.

In the mean time Holofernes formed the siege of Bethulia; and having cut off the water which supplied the city, and set guards at the only fountain which the besieged had near the walls, the inhabitants were soon reduced to extremity, and resolved to surrender if God did not send them succour in five days. Judith, informed of their resolution, conceived the design of killing Holofernes in his tent. She took her finest clothes, went out of Bethulia with her maid-seŗvant, and being brought to the general, pretended that she could no longer endure the sins and excesses of the Jews, and that God had inspired her with the design of surrendering herself to him. As soon as Holofernes saw her, he was taken with her beauty, and some days afterwards invited her to a great feast which he had prepared for the principal officers of his army. But he drank so much wine, that drunkenness, and its immediate consequence, sleep, prevented him from satisfying his passion. Judith, who in the night was left alone in his tent, cut off his head with his own sword, and departing with her servant from the camp, returned to Bethulia with the head of Holofernes. As soon as it was day, the besieged made a sally upon their enemies, who going into their general’s tent, found his headless carcass besmeared with its own blood. They then discerned that Judith had deceived them, and fled with precipitation, leaving the camp abounding with rich spoils. The Jews pursued them, killed a great number, and returned loaded with booty.

There is a considerable diversity of opinion as to the time when this war between Holofernes and the Jews happened. Some date it from the captivity of Babylon, in the reign of Manassch, and pontificate of Eliakim the high priest; others place it some time after the captivity; and some doubt the truth of the whole transaction.
HOLOGRAPHUM (composed of οκος, all, and I write), in the civil law, something written wholly in the hand-writing of the person who signs it. The word is chiefly used in speaking of a testament written wholly in the testator’s own hand.