pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
CORSEE, a small town of Hindustan, in the province of Bejapoor, and district of Raybaugh, situated on the banks of the Kistnah river, which here runs in an easterly direction, and is about five hundred yards from bank to bank. It was formerly, while under the Mahommedan government, a place of considerable note; but it has been so much oppressed by the Mahratta Brahmins, that many of the Mahommedan persuasion have emigrated. Some, however, still remain, and are subsisted by a revenue from charitable lands. In the vicinity is a Mahommedan burying ground, where many persons of great eminence are interred. Among these the tomb of Shaikh Surajiadden is held in the highest reverence. This is one of the towns within the Mahratta territory which enjoys the extraordinary privilege of killing beef for sale. Long. 74. 56. E» Lat. 16. 40. N.
CORSELET, or Corslet, a small cuirass, or, according to others, a piece of armour or coat made to cover the whole body, anciently worn by the pikemen, who were placed in the front and flanks of the battle, to resist the enemy’s assaults, and guard the soldiers placed behind them.
CORSHAM, a town of the hundred of Chippenham, in the county of Wilts, ninety-seven miles from London. It is well built, in a healthy situation. Some broad cloths are made, but to a less extent than formerly. The market is held on Wednesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1811 to 2394, in 1821 to 2727, and in 1831 to 2952.
CORSICA, an island in the Mediterranean, now forming one of the departments of the kingdom of France. It extends from 8. 30. to 9. 31. east longitude, and from 4L 15. to 42. 59. north latitude. The greatest length from north to south is about a hundred and five miles, its breadth from east to west is forty-six miles, and it contains 3920 square miles. It is now divided into five arrondissements, sixty-one cantons, and three hundred and ninety-eight communes, and the population amounts to 174,702 souls. The island is generally mountainous, intersected with narrow valleys and plains. Some of the [7:7:378]mountains in the centre are of the height of more than nine thousand feet. Cultivation is in a neglected state; but in some spots, owing to the spontaneous fertility of the soil and the heat of the climate, rather than attention, the products are wine, olives, almonds, liquorice, chestnuts, oranges, and pomegranates. The corn is barely sufficient for the scanty population. The inhabitants are generally in a rude state, and their houses, dresses, and food, are of the simplest kind. They speak an impure and peculiar kind of Italian. Many of the natives arc employed in fishing for coral and for anchovies.

Corsica was governed by the republic of Genoa till 1768, when it was transferred by that feeble power to France, being then in a state of insurrection. It was at much expense of blood and treasure subdued. In 1792 it was taken by England; but after attempting to rule it, it was abandoned, since which it has continued in uninterrupted possession of France. Its greatest celebrity in modern times has arisen frpm being the birth-place of the Bonaparte family.
CORSNED, or Morsel of Execration, a species of trial or purgation anciently in use among us, and which probably arose from an abuse of revelation in the dark ages of superstition. It consisted of a piece of cheese or bread, about an ounce in weight, which was consecrated with a form of exorcism; praying the Almighty that it might cause convulsions and paleness, and find no passage, if the man was really guilty, but might turn to health and nourishment if he was innocent; as the water of jealousy among the Jews was to cause the belly to swell and the thigh to rot, if the woman was guilty of adultery. This corsned was then given to the .suspected person, who at the same time also received the holy sacrament, if indeed the corsned was not, as some have suspected, the sacramental bread itself; till the subsequent invention of transubstantiation preserved it from profane uses. Our historians assure us that Godwin earl of Kent, in the reign of King Edward the Confessor, abjuring the death of the king’s brother, at last appealed to his corsned, per buccellam dcglutiendam abjuravit, which stuck in his throat and killed him. This custom has been long since gradually abolished, though the remembrance of it still subsists in certain phrases of abjuration retained among the common people: as, “I will take the sacrament upon it !” “May this morsel be my last !” and the like.
CORSTORPHINE, a village of Scotland, in the county of Edinburgh, and about four miles west from that metropolis. In former times it was of much larger size and more importance than it is at present. The population of the parish and village amounts to 1159.
CORT, Cornelius, a celebrated engraver, was born at Hoorn, in Holland, in 1536. After having learned the first principles of drawing and engraving, he went to Italy to complete his studies, and visited all the places famous for the works of the great masters. At Venice he was courteously received by Titian, and engraved several plates from the pictures of that admirable painter. He at last settled at Rome, where he died in 1578, at the age of forty-two. According to Basan, he was “the best engraver with the burin or graver only that Holland ever produced. We find in his prints,” adds, he, “correctness of drawing, and an exquisite taste.” He praises also the taste and lightness of touch with which he engraved landscapes, without the assistance of the point. It is no small honour to this artist, that Agostino Caracci was his scholar, and imitated his style of engraving rather than that of any other master.
CORTE, an arrondissement in the island of Corsica, 1254 square miles in extent. It is divided into 15 cantons and 182 communes, containing 44,704 inhabitants. The capital, a city of the same name, is situated in the centre of the island, on the river Tavignano. It is defended by a strong fortress. Paoli founded a university in the year 1765. The inhabitants are 2092. Long. 8. 50. E. Lat. 42. 12. N.
CORTES of Spain, a term purely Spanish, literally signifying the courts, and.applied to the states, or assembly of the states, of the kingdom.
CORTOMARK, a market-town of the province of West Flanders, in the circle of Bruges, containing 3180 inhabitants, employed in making various woollen goods.
CORUMBAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, and district of Chuta Nagpore, situated in a wild, uncultivated country. It is 222 miles north-north-west from Calcutta. Long. 85. 3. E. Lat. 23. 21. N.
CORUNNA, a city of Spain, in the kingdom or province of Galicia. It is a sea-port of considerable importance, with an excellent harbour, secure against all winds except those which blow from the points between the south and the east. It is well fortified towards the sea, but a hill which commands it renders it but an imperfect fortification against a superior force on the land side. The ramparts of this city create a lively interest in every British bosom, from having been the place in which was interred [7:7:381] that gallant officer Sir John Moore, who received his deathwound in the moment of victory before the walls of this city. The inhabitants of Corunna have since erected a monument on the spot where this distinguished officer was interred.

The name Corunna is a corruption of the Latin word Columia, given to this place on account of a pillar called the tower of Hercules, erected by the Romans in the most northern part of the peninsula. This tower has been recently repaired, and, at an expense of 40,000 dollars, converted into a light-house. Corunna is situated upon an irregular peninsula, the neck of which is occupied by the city, and defended by a chain of bastions. On one of this chain is the citadel, and on the other the fortress of St Diego. The strength of these works induced the inhabitants, after the evacuation of the British army, to resolve on defence; and though, from the heights which command the work, the defence was unsuccessful, it enabled them to obtain better terms of capitulation.

Corunna is a place of considerable trade; it has extensive manufactories of linen and baizes, and carried on commerce in these articles with the Spanish settlements in America. Though it is not the capital of Galicia, yet it is the head-quarters of the military and naval force, and a considerable portion of the navy was formerly stationed there. It carries on considerable fisheries, especially for sardinias, which are salted for the consumption of the interior. It contains between 11,000 and 12,000 inhabitants, and is considered as one of the healthiest cities in Spain. It is in long. 7. 43. 3. W. and lat. 43. 28. N.
CORUS, Omer, Homer, or Chômer, in Jewish antiquities, a measure containing ten baths, or seventy-five gallons and five pints, as a measure of things liquid, and thirty-two pecks and one pint as a measure for things dry. The corns or omer was most commonly a measure for things dry, and the greatest that was used among the Jews. It contained, according to the rabbin, ten ephahs or thirty sata or seahs. Coras is the most usual term in the historical writers, and omer or chômer among the prophets.

Corus is also used in some of our old writers for eight bushels, or a quarter; thus, decem coros tritici, sive decem quarte, ria.
CORUSCATION, a glittering or gleam of light issuing from any thing. It is chiefly used for a flash of lightning darting from the clouds in time of thunder.
CORVORANT, otherwise written Cormorant. Sec Ornithology.
CORVUS, the Raven or Crow kind, a genus of birds of the order of picae. See Ornithology. Corvus (ZΛ r it∙en), in Astronomy, a constellation of the southern hemisphere, whose stars in Ptolemy’s catalogue are seven, in Tycho’s the same number, and in the Britannic catalogue nine.

Corvus, in Roman antiquity, a military engine, or rather gallery, moveable at pleasure by means of pulleys, and chiefly used to cover the men in boarding the enemy’s ships. The construction of the corvus was this: On the prow of their vessels was erected a round piece of timber, of about a foot and a half in diameter, and about twelve feet in length, upon the top of which was fixed a block or pulley. Round this piece of timber there was laid a stage or platform of boards four feet in breadth and about eighteen feet in length, which was well framed and fastened with iron. The entrance was lengthwise, and it moved about on the above-mentioned upright piece of timber, as on a spindle, and could be hoisted up within six feet of the top. Round this was a sort of parapet, about the height of the knee, which was defended with upright bars of iron sharpened at the end; and towards the top there was a ring, by the help of which and a pulley or tackle the engine was raised or lowered at pleasure. With this moveable gallery they boarded the enemy’s vessek when they did not oppose broadside to broadside, sometimes by their bows and sometimes by their sterns, as occasion served. When they had grappled the enemy with these iron spikes, if the vessels happened to swing broadside to broadside, they then entered from all parts; but in case they attacked them by the bow, they entered two and two under cover of this machine, the foremost defending the foreparts, and those who followed the flanks, keeping the boss of their bucklers level with the top of the parapet.
CORWEN, a town in the hundred of Edern; r on, in the county of Merioneth, in Wales, 202 miles from London, on the new post road to Dublin by Holyhead. The inhabitants amounted in 1811 to 1417, in 1821 to 1742, and in 1831 to 1980.
CORYATE, Thomas, an extraordinary personage, who seems to have made himself notorious by his whimsical extravagances, was the son of a clergyman, and born at Oldcombe, in Somersetshire, in 1577. He acquired Greek and Latin at Oxford, and proceeding afterwards to London, was received into the household of Henry prince of Wales. If Coryate was not over witty himself, he got acquainted with the wits of that time, and served to exercise their abilities, having more learning than judgment. He was a great peripatetic, for, in 1608, he took a long journey on foot, and, after he returned, published his travels under the strange title of Crudities hastily gobbled up in Five Months' Travels in France, Savoy, Italy, Fhcetia, Helvetia, some parts of High Germany, and the Netherlands, London, 1611, 4to. In 1612 he set out again with a resolution to spend ten years in travelling, and proceeded first to Constantinople; but after travelling over great part of the East, he died of a flux at Surat, in the East Indies.
CORYBANTES, in Antiquity, priests of Cybele, who danced and capered to the sound of flutes and drums. Catullus, in his poem called Atys, gives a picturesque description of the Corybantes, whom he represents· as sheer madmen. Accordingly, Maximus Tyrius says, that those possessed with the spirit of the Corybantes, as soon as they heard the sound of a flute, were seized with aii enthusiasm, and lost the use of their reason; and hence the Greeks used the word ∙M1υβavniv, to corybantize, to signify a person’s being transported, or possessed with a devil. Some say that the Corybantes were all eunuchs; and that it is on this account that Catullus in his Atys always uses feminine epithets and relatives in speaking of them.

Diodorus Siculus remarks, that Corybas, son of Jason and Cybele, passing through Phrygia with his uncle Dardanus, instituted there the worship of the mother of the gods, and gave his own name to the priests. But Strabo states it as the opinion of some, that the Corybantes were children of Jupiter and Calliope, and the same with the Cabiri. Others, however, think that the word had its origin from the circumstance, that the Corybantes always went dancing along, or tossing the head.
CORYBANTICA, a festival held in Crete in memory of the Corybantes, who educated Jupiter when concealed in that island frorp his father Saturn, when the latter wished to devour him.
CORYCEUM, in Antiquity, that part of the gymnasium where people undressed. It was otherwise called apody-terion.
CORYCOMACHIA, among the ancients, was a sort of exercise in which they pushed forwards a ball suspended from the ceiling, and at its return either caught it with their hands or suffered it to meet their body. Oribasius informs us that it was recommended for the purpose of extenuating too gross bodies.
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CORYMBIUM, in Antiquity, an ornament of the hair worn by the women. Its form was that of a eoryitibus.
CORYMBUS properly signifies a eluster of ivy berries. Among botanists it is a mode of flowering, in which the lesser or partial flower-stalks are produced along the common stalk on both sides; and, though of unequal lengths, rise to the same height, so as to form a flat and even surface at the top.
CORYPHAEUS, in the ancient tragedy, was the chief or leader of the company who composed the chorus. The word is formed from the Greek κoguprj, the top of the head. Whenever the chorus took part in the action, the eory-phaeus spoke for all the rest, in quality of a person of the drama, during the course of the acts. Hence coryphaeus passed into a general name for the chief or principal of any company, corporation, sect, or opinion. Thus Eustatius of Antioch is called the coryphaeus of the council of Niee; and Cicero calls Zeno the coryphaeus of the Stoies.
CORYVRECKAN, Whirlpool of, a dangerous passage in the sea, about a mile in breadth, which lies between the south end of Scarba and the north point of Jura, on the west coast of Argyllshire. It is so named from a young Danish prince who perished there. Towards the Scarba side the sea is in almost perpetual tumult, arising from the narrowness of the passage through which the tide flows in and out to and from the sound of Jura. The turbulence of the water may also in part be ascribed to the presence of a pyramidal rock which rises with a rapid ae-clivity from the bottom, which is about one hundred fathoms down, to within fifteen feet of the surface. By this interference the current is forced to assume various intricate directions; and, on the other hand, a counter current is produced, chiefly on the Searba side, whose return into the main stream produces those gyrations, resembling the swells of Swinna and Stroma, which have been magnified into a whirlpool capable of engulphing ships. It is only when high tides and violent winds prevail that the place assumes the frightful character so opposed to the security of vessels. The place is generally avoided, however, by boats and small craft.
CORYZA, in Medicine, a catarrh of the nose. See Medicine, Index.
CORZOLA. See Curzola.
COSAH, a river of Hindustan, which has its source in the Himalaya Mountains, to the north of Nepaul, from which, after a winding course of about 400 miles in a south-south-east direction, it joins the Ganges in the Bengal district of Purneah.
COSCINOMANCY, the art of divination by means of a sieve. The word comes from xoŵ/vov, cribrum, a sieve, and μαντύα, divination. The sieve being suspended, a formula of words is rehearsed, after which it is taken between two fingers only, and the names of the parties suspected repeated; when he at whose name the sieve turns, trembles, or shakes, is reputed guilty of the evil in question.

This is a very ancient species of divination; for Theocritus, in his third Idyllion, mentions a woman who was very skilful in coscinomancy. It was also sometimes practised by suspending the sieve by a thread, or fixing it to the points of a pair of sheers, giving it room to turn, and naming, as before, the parties suspected; in which last manner coscinomancy is still employed in some parts of England. It appears from Theocritus that it was not only used to find out persons unknown, but also to discover the secrets of those who were known.
COSECANT, in Geometry, the secant of an arch which is the complement of another to 90°.
COSENING, or Cozening, in Law, an offence by which any thing is done deceitfully, in or out of contracts, that cannot be fitly described by any special name. In the civil law it is called stellionatus.
COSENZA, a city of Italy, the capital of the Neapolitan province of Calabria Citeriore. It is built in the lovely valley of the same name, at the junction of the river Crati with the Busiento. Within the walls the inhabitants are 7900; but the suburbs and adjoining villages, the residents in which frequent the city daily on their various affairs, contain upwards of 45,000 souls. Being the only place of trade in the province, whatever excess of produce it yields is exported from Cosenza, which makes the city swarm with people. It is the chief market for silk, and there are some manufactories of heavy articles of iron ware. Long. 16. 25. E. Lat. 39. 34. N.
COSFELD. See Kosfeld.
COSHERING, in the feudal customs, a kind of right of the lords to lie and feast themselves and their followers at their tenants’ houses. The word coshering may perhaps be derived from the old English word coshe, a cot or cottage.
COSINE, in Trigonometry, the sine of an arch which is the complement of another to 90°.
COSMETIC, in Physic, any medicine or preparation which renders the skin soft and white, or helps to beautify and improve the complexion.
COSMICAL, a term in Astronomy, expressing one of the poetical risings of a star. Thus a star is said to rise cosmically when it rises with the sun, or with that point of the elliptic in which the sun is at that time; and the cosmícal setting is when a star sets in the west at the same time that the sun rises in the east.
COSMOGONY, in Physics, signifies the science of the formation of the universe. It is formed of ζοβμο;, the world, and γίνομαι, I am born, or exist.
COSMOGRAPHY, the description of the world, or the art which teaches the construction, figure, disposition, and relation of all the parts of the world, with the manner of representing them on a plane surface. The word conies from κoσ∕tog, world, and ygapω, I describe. Cosmography consists chiefly of two parts; Astronomy, which shows the structure of the heavens and the disposition of the stars; and Geography, which shows those of the earth.
COSMOLABE (from ×o<sμoς, world, and λα i α,Cαιw, Italie), an ancient mathematical instrument, serving to measure distances both in the heavens and on the earth. The cosmolabe is in a great measure the same with the astrolabe. It is also called pantacosm, or the universal instrument, by Morgard, in a treatise written expressly on this instrument, and printed in 1612.
COSMOLOGY (from κοσμο;, world, and aoyoς, discourse), the science of the world in general. This Wolfius calls general or transcendental cosmology, and has written a treatise on the subject, in which he endeavours to explain how the world arose from simple substances, and treats of the general principles, of the modifications of material things, of the elements of bodies, of the laws of motion, of the perfection of the world, and of the order and course of nature.
COSMOPOLITE, or Cosmopolitan, a term sometimes used to signify a person who has no fixed living or place of abode, or a man who is a stranger nowhere. The word comes from the Greek κοσ,αο;, world, and -woa∕ς, city. One of the ancient philosophers being interrogated what country he belonged to, answered, he was a cosmopolite, in other words, an inhabitant or citizen of the world.
COSNE, an arrondissement of the Nièvre, in France, extending over 620 square miles. It is divided into six cantons, and subdivided into sixty-six communes, containing 5Ş,667 inhabitants. The chief place, of the same name, is situated at the junction of the Nouain with the Loire. It contains 734 houses, and 5394 inhabitants. It [7:7:383]is a place where anchors and other heavy iron articles are manufactured, especially cannon balls for the navy. Long. 2. 50. E. Lat. 47. 24. N.
COSOCETO, a town of Italy, in the Neapolitan province of Calabria Ulteriore. In 1783 an earthquake destroyed in this town, and eleven villages around it, 3515 persons.
COSSATO, a town of Italy, in the province of Biclla, and kingdom of Sardinia. It is situated on the canal of Santhia, and contains 2170 inhabitants, whose chief pursuit is the cultivation of vineyards.
COSSE de Geniste, an order of knighthood instituted in 1234, by Louis IX. on the occasion of his marriage with Margaret of Provence. The motto on the collar of this order was Exaltat humiles.
COSSIMBAZAR, a large manufacturing town of Hindustan, in the province of Bengal, nearly adjoining the southern suburbs of Moorshedabad, of which it may be considered as the port. It is situated on the south-east bank of the Bhagarutty river, and is one of the largest trading towns in Bengal. ∙ It has long been celebrated for its silk manufactures, and for the manufacture of stockings, which are all knit by the women and children in the vicinity, and are in the highest repute. The neighbourhood abounds with mulberry trees, on which silk worms are fed; and the quantity of silk produced not only supplies all that is consumed in the manufacture of carpets, satins, and other stuffs, but also leaves a surplus for exportation. The island of Cossimbazar, or the tract encompassed by the Bhagarutty, Jellingy, and Ganges rivers, is a perfectly flat bed of sand; but the annual overflow of the river leaves a rich deposit, and fertilizes this otherwise unproductive tract. This island abounds with all descriptions of game, from the tiger and the boar to the inferior sorts, such as hare, deer, partridge, &c. and all sorts of aquatic birds. The Cossimbazar river is named the Bhagarutty or Bhagirathi, and is reckoned a sacred branch of the Ganges. During the rainy season Cossimbazar has a most extensive water communication, which affords great facilities for its trade. The East India Company had stationed agents here at a very early period for the purchase of goods, but their factory was not built till 1706. In 1756 it was taken and plundered. Long. S8. 15. E. Lat. 24. 10. N.
COSSIMCOTTA, a town of Hindustan, in the Northern Circars, which was taken by the British in 1758. Long. 83. 10. E. Lat. 17. 40. N.