pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
TAVAI Poenammoo, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, being the more southerly of the two which form New Zealand, and separated from the northern island by a channel called Cook’s Straits, that celebrated navigator having sailed round them both in the year 1769. The island is about 500 miles in length from south-west to north-east and from 55 to 140 broad. Long. 184. 45. to 193. 18. W. Lat. 40. 36. to 47. 20. S. See Zealand, New.
TAVERNIER, John Baptist, a French traveller, was born in 1605. In the course of forty years he travelled six times to Turkey, Persia, and the East Indies, and visited all the countries in Europe, travelling mostly on foot. His travels have been frequently reprinted in six volumes, 12mo.
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He died, on his seventh journey to the east, at Moscow, in 1686.
TAVISTOCK, an English market and borough town in the hundred of the same name, in the county of Devon, 206 miles from London and fourteen from Plymouth. It stands at the foot of the mountains called the Forest of Dartmoor, by which it is well sheltered from northerly and easterly winds, and the situation is remarkably salubrious. The river Tavy passes by the town, but not being navigable, a canal has been constructed from Tavistock to the Tamar at Merwelham quay. A tunnel passes through a solid rock for more than 2500 feet, and not far from it is an aqueduct across a vale of considerable extent. The canal serves for the transport of copper ores and lead from the mines, and slates from the quarries, in the district, and brings coals, stone, timber, and other goods, to the town. This is an ancient town, formerly belonging to the abbey, some remains of which still exist, which was granted by Henry the Eighth, at the Reformation, to the family of the Russells. The refectory of the monks has been converted into a dissenting place of worship. A very handsome gate-house, and two towers, both opening into the vicar’s garden, are still standing. The trade of the town formerly consisted for the most part in the manufacture of serges and coarse woollen cloth, but these have for some years been on the decline. The mining business in the vicinity gives occupation to many of the inhabitants, and the smelting of tin and a great iron foundery afford some employment to others. The church is a large ancient building, and, besides some curious monuments, has a stone coffin, in which are preserved some human bones of gigantic size, attributed by tradition to a Saxon giant named Adulph. The greater part of the town belongs to the duke of Bedford. It returns two members to parliament. There is a well-supplied market on Saturday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 3420, in 1811 to 4723, in 1821 to 5483, and in 1831 to 5602.
TAVOY, a town and district of the province of Pegu, in the Birman empire, which so late as the year 1753 was the seat of an independent principality. The town is advantageously situated on the eastern side of a fine bay, formed by an extensive island of the same name. Tavoy formerly belonged to the king of Siam, but was taken by the Birmans in 1785. It was besieged without success by the Siamese the following year, and remained in possession of the conquerors till 1790, when it was surrendered for a bribe to the Siamese troops. It was retaken by the Birmans in 1792, and was confirmed to them by the treaty of peace in 1793. Long. 98. 20. E. Lat. 13. 20. N.
TAWALLY Isle, one of the Gilolo Islands, in the Eastern Seas. It is thirty-five miles long from north to south, and six in average breadth. Long. 127. 14. E. Lat. 0. 21. S.
TAWEETAWEE, the chief of a cluster of islands, fifty-six in number, composing part of the Sooloo archipelago. It has few inhabitants. The other islands are of various sizes; and some are merely rocky islets.
TAY, in Latin Tavus or Taus, the largest river in Scotland, rises in Braidalbane, on the frontiers of Lorne, and having in the passage of a few miles augmented its stream by the accession of several small rills, spreads itself into the lake called Loch Dochart, out of which having run but a little space, it again expands itself. Leaving this second lake, it rolls some miles with a considerable body of water, and then diffuses itself in the spacious Loch Tay; which, reckoning from the sources of the river, is twenty-four miles in length, though, strictly speaking, the lake is but thirteen. Almost as soon as it issues from hence, it receives the river Lyon, coming out of Loch Lyon, and running through Glen Lyon. The Lyon, having travelled in a manner parallel to it, from its source, for a space of twenty-five miles, at length joins the Tay as it enters Athole, which it next traverses, and, directing its course towards the east, receives almost all the waters of that country. Bending then to the south, at the distance of six miles it reaches Dunkeld; which, in the language of our ancestors, signifies “the hill of hazels,” and was the very centre of the old Caledonia. Here the river is very broad. Declining still to the south-east, with a winding course, for above twelve miles, the Tay receives a large supply of waters from the county of Angus; and then running south-west for eight miles more, is joined in that space by several rivers, the most considerable of which is the Almond. Turning then to the south-east, at the distance of about three miles, this copious river comps with a swelling stream to Perth. The Tay, continuing still a south-east course, receives, a few miles below Perth, the river Erne, which, issuing from a loch of the same name, traverses the district of Stratherne, and passes by Abernethy, once the capital of the Pictish kingdom. Swelled by the waters of this last river, the Tay, running next directly east, enlarges itself till it becomes about three miles broad; but contracts again before the town of Dundee; soon after which it opens into the German Ocean. At the entrance of the firth, there are sands both on the north and on the south side; the former styled Goa, the latter Aberlay and Drumlan, and, in the very mouth of the firth, those which are called the Cross Sands. At Buttonness, which is the northern promontory, there are two light-houses. The space between the north and the south sands may be nearly a mile, with about three fathoms water; but being within the firth, it grows deeper, and in the road of Dundee is full six fathoms. The Firth of Tay is not indeed so large or so commodious as that of Forth, but from Buttonness to Perth it is not less than forty miles; and the whole might, without any great impropriety, be styled a harbour, which has Fife on one side, and the shires of Perth and Forfar on the other.
TAYA Isle, a small island in the Eastern Seas, off the east coast of Sumatra. There are many small islands scattered in the neighbourhood, among which from fifty to 100 chests of opium may be disposed of, for which pepper, gold, tin, and rattans, are the returns. The inhabitants are all pirates. Long. 105. 5. E. Lat. 6. 48. N.
TAYLOR’S Isles, three small islands on the north coast of New Holland, between Thistle Island and the shore, from which they are about two miles distant.
TAYMING, a city of China, of the first rank, in Pe-che-lee, in a fertile country, 232 miles south-south-west of Pekin. Long. 114. 49. E. Lat. 36. 20. N.
ΤΑΖΕ, a river of Asiatic Russia, which rises from two lakes in the government of Tobolsk, and after a considerable course from south to north, falls into the Tazovskaia Gulf, in the Frozen Ocean. Long. 80.14. E. Lat. 67.35. N.
TAZLA, a lake of Asiatic Turkey, thirty-six miles long and two broad, thirty miles north of Kognieh.
TAZOVSKAIA, a gulf or bay in the Obskaia Gulf, about 140 miles in length and three in breadth, formed by the waters of several rivers in Siberia. Long. 76. to 80. E. Lat. 67. 40. to 69. N.
TCHABISCHI, a town of Russia, in the government of Irkoutsk on the Amur, forty miles north-north-east of Stretensk.
TCHADOBETZ, a river of Asiatic Russia, which flows through the governments of Irkoutsk and Tomsk, and after a course of 250 miles falls into the Tunguska near Yeniseisk.
TCHAGANE, a river of Asiatic Russia, which rises in the country of the Kirghises, and after a course of 100 miles falls into the Derkoul, when their united waters flow into the Oural.
TCHANG-TCHA, a city of China, of the first rank, in Houquang, on the Heng river, 742 miles south of Pekin. Long. 112. 25. E. Lat. 28. 11. N.
TCHANG-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Fokien, the most southerly of the province. It iis situated on a river, and carries on a considerable trade. It is 950 miles south of Pekin. Long. 117.34. E. Lat. 24.32. N. This is the name of another city, two leagues in circumference, which is the seat of a very extensive trade, and contains 200,000 inhabitants. It is 525 miles south-south-east of Pekin. Long. 119. 29. E. Lat. 31. 50. N.
TCHANG-TE, a large city of China, of the first rank, in Houquang. It is situated on a river near the great lake Tong-Ting, and is 717 miles south-south-west of Pekin. Long. 111. 2. E. Lat. 29. 2. N.
TCHAN-TE, one of the most northern cities of the province of China, in Honan. It is 255 miles south-south-west of Pekin. Long. 114. 0. E. Lat. 36. 6. N.
TCHANY, a large lake of Asiatic Russia, situated in the Barabinski steppe, between the Ob and the Irtysch. It is about sixty-five miles long and thirty broad, and is 100 miles west-north-west of Kolivan.
TCHAOKING, a city of China, of the first rank, in Quang-tong, situated at the confluence of three rivers, one of which communicates with Canton. It is 1062 miles southsouth-west of Pekin. Long. 111. 44. E. Lat. 23. 3. N.
TCHE-KIANG, a province of China, bounded on the north and north-west by Kiang-nan, on the east by the sea, on the south by Fokien, and on the south-west by Kiang-see; about 200 miles in length from north to south, and from 120 to 180 broad. This is one of the most considerable provinces in the empire, and contains, according to Sir George Staunton, 21 millions of inhabitants.
TCHELAO, a town of Persia, in the province of Khorassan. Near it is the well-known defile in the mountains, called by the eastern writers, Hell, from the difficulty of the passage.
TCHELIABINSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Orenburg. It stands on the river Masse, which falls into the Icette; and is one of the most important fortresses upon this frontier. It contains two churches and 500 houses, and is 118 miles east of Oufa. Long. 62. 4. E. Lat. 54. 50. N.
TCHENG-TE, an island in the Eastern Seas, near the south coast of Corea, about ten miles long and six broad. Long. 128. 37. E. Lat. 34. 20. N.
TCHEOU-CHAN, or Chu-san, an island in the Chinese Sea, near the west coast of China, belonging to the province of Tche-kiang, about twenty-four miles long, and from four to ten broad.
TCHEPETKINA, a river of Asiatic Russia, which runs into the Kolima, 88 miles north of Verchnei Kovimskoi. Long. 148. 14. E. Lat. 67. 35. N.
TCHERNIKEH, a town of Asia Minor, in the government of Sivas, anciently a city of Pontus. It is twenty-four miles north of Amasia. Long. 36. 38. E. Lat. 40. 26. N.
TCHETKINA, one of the Fox Islands, in the North Pacific Ocean. Long. 184. 44. E. Lat. 53. 30. N.
TCHING-KIANG, a city of China, of the first rank, in Kiang-nan, on the south side of the river Yang-tse. It is finely situated for commerce, and is the key of the empire towards the sea. The walls are thirty feet high, and the streets are paved with marble.
TCHING-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Houquang. It is situated on an angle made by two rivers, and is 765 miles south-south-west of Pekin. Long. 109. 40. E. Lat. 28. 23. N.
TCHING-TING, a city of China, of the first rank, in Pe-che-lee, about four miles in circumference. It is 137 miles south-south-west of Pekin. Long. 114. 20. E. Lat. 39. 9. N.
TCHING-TOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Sechuen. It was formerly one of the finest cities in the empire, but was almost entirely destroyed in the civil wars in 1646, which preceded the last Tartar invasion. It is 810 miles south-west of Pekin. Long. 103. 44. E. Lat. 30. 40. N.
TCHONG-KING, a city of China, of the first rank, in in Sechuen, and one of the most commercial cities of the province. It is 750 miles south-west of Pekin. Long. 106. 19. E. Lat. 29. 42. N.
TCHORS, a village of Persia, in the province of Azerbijan, inhabited by the Kurds subject to Persia. It is 78 miles west-north-west of Tauris.
TCHOUKTCHES, a people inhabiting the peninsula which forms the north-east extremity of Asiatic Russia; bounded on the one side by the Frozen Ocean, and on the other by the Gulf of Anadir. They live by hunting and fishing.
TCHUKOTSKOIE, a cape in the country of the Tchouktches, forming the north-eastern extremity of Asia.
TCINAN, a large and populous city of China, of the first rank, in the province of Shang-tung. It is 235 miles south of Pekin. Long. 116. 46. E. Lat. 36. 46. N.
TCIN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Shang-tung, 230 miles south-south-east of Pekin. Long. 118. 20. E. Lat. 36. 46. N.
TCITCICAR Hotun, a town of Chinese Tartary, capital of a province in the country of the Mantchoos; the usual residence of a Tartar general. It is 355 miles north-east of Pekin. Long. 123. 30. E. Lat. 47. 25. N.
TEACHERS, persons employed in conducting the education of the young. See the articles Schools and Universities.
TEARY, a large village of Hindustan, in the province of Malwah, with a fort on an adjoining hill. Long- 79. 3. E. Lat. 24. 46. N.
TEBALA, a town of Arabia, province of the Hedsjas, 128 miles south-south-east of Mecca.
TEBETH, the tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, and fourth of the civil. It answers to our month of December.
TECHNICAL expresses somewhat relating to arts or sciences: in this sense we say technical terms. It is also particularly applied to a kind of verses in which are contained the rules or precepts of any art, thus digested to help the memory to retain them. An example may be seen in the article Μeμοrυ.
TECRIT, a town of Irak Arabi, in the province of Mosul, on the western bank of the Tigris. It is thought to be the Birtha or Vitra of the ancients, described as a very strong fortress, and said to be founded by Alexander the Great. It was a considerable town in 1393, when it was taken by Timur, and now contains 500 or 600 houses, with two coffee-houses. The ruins are extensive. Long. 42. 37. E. Lat. 34. 37. N.
TEDDINGTON, a town, or rather a village, in the hundred of Spelthorne and county of Middlesex, twelve miles from London. It is delightfully placed on the banks of the Thames, at the spot where the tide ceases to flow, from which circumstance the name has been given to the place. It has a neat parish church; and within the parish are many splendid houses and a great number of country retreats for the inhabitants of the metropolis. Bushy Park, which adjoins it, is an attractive object, affording pleasing promenades and rides. The population in 1821 amounted to 863, and in 1831 to 895.
TE DEUM, the name of a celebrated hymn, used in the Christian church, and so called because it begins with these words, Te Dium laudamus, We praise thee, God. It is sung in the Romish church with great pomp and solemnity upon the gaining of a victory, or other happy event; and is believed to be the composition of St Ambrose, bishop of Milan.
TEDIF, a town of Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo, where is a Jewish synagogue. It is twenty-one miles east of Aleppo.
TEDZEN, a considerable river of Persia, in the province of Khorassan, and the largest in this part of Asia next to the Oxus. After a course from east to west, it falls into the Gulf of Balkan, on the eastern coast of the Caspian.
TEEBAKAN, a small island in the Eastern Seas, near the north coast of Borneo. Long. 117. 39. E. Lat. 7.52. N.
TEEHEENGAN, a small island in the Eastern Seas, north of Borneo. Long. 117. 30. E. Lat. 7. 49. N.
TEEKOOL, a small island near the Sooloo archipelago. Long. 125. 25. E. Lat. 6. 6. N.
TEES, a river which rises on the confines of Cumberland, and running eastward, divides the county of Durham from Yorkshire, and falls into the German Ocean below Stockton.
TEESGAON, a town of Hindustan, province of Aurungabad. Long. 74. 53. E. Lat. 19. 13. N.
TEESTA, a considerable river of Bengal, which has its source in the Himalaya Mountains, and after dividing the Nepaul country' from the dominions of the Deb rajah, enters the northern region of Rungpoor. It thence takes a northerly course till it joins the Ganges.
TEETGAUM, a town of Hindustan, province of Gujerat, district of Neyer, situated about twelve miles south-west from Theraud. Its inhabitants are Hindus of a military tribe. Latitude not ascertained.
TEETH, the bones placed in the jaws for chewing food, that it may be the more easily digested in the stomach. The anatomical structure of the teeth has been described under Ανaτομυ.
TEFF, a kind of grain, sown all over Abyssinia, from which is made the bread commonly used throughout the country. We have no description of this plant but from Mr Bruce, who says that it is herbaceous; and that from a number of weak leaves surrounding the root proceeds a stalk of about twenty-eight inches in length, not perfectly straight, smooth, but jointed or knotted at particular distances. This stalk is not much thicker than that of a carnation or julyflower. About eight inches from the top, a head is formed of a number of small branches, upon which it carries the fruit and flowers; the latter of which is small, of a crimson colour, and scarcely perceptible by the naked eye but from the opposition of that colour. The pistil is divided into two, seemingly attached to the germ of the fruit, and has at each end small capillaments forming a brush. The stamina are three in number; two on the lower side of the pistil, and one on the upper. These are each of them crowned with two oval stigmata, at first green, but afterwards crimson. The first is formed in a capsula, consisting of two conical hollow leaves, which, when closed, seems to compose a small conical pod, pointed at the top. The fruit or seed is oblong, and is not so large as the head of the smallest pin; yet it is very prolific, and produces these seeds in such quantity as to yield a very abundant crop in the quantity of meal. From the similarity of the names, Mr Bruce conjectures it to be the tipha mentioned but not described by Pliny; but this conjecture he acknowledges to be unsupported.
TEGADOO Bay, on the east coast of the most northern islands of New Zealand, discovered by Captain Cook in 1769. Long. 181. 14. W. Lat. 38. 10. S.
TEHAMA, a large belt of sand, which stretches along the eastern shore of the Red Sea, and extends as far as the mountains in the interior. It is entirely barren, presenting an unvarying picture of desolation. It bears every mark of having been anciently a part of the bed of the sea. It is increased by the blowing of the moving sands, which appear in this place to be continually making encroachments on the limit of the Red Sea. It contains large strata of salt, which in some places even rise into hills; and on the shore the banks of coral are perpetually increasing, so as every day more and more to augment the danger of navigating the gulf.
TEHINCHIEN, a river of Hindustan, in the province of Bootan, which runs past Tassisudon, the capital; and being augmented by the tributary streams of the Hatchieu and Patcheiu, forces a passage through the mountains, whence it is precipitated into tremendous cataracts, and rushing with a rapid torrent between the high cliffs and vast rocks which oppose its progress, it pursues its course into the open plains near Buxedwar, and finally joins the Brahmapootra.
TEIGNMOUTH, West, a town of the hundred of Exminster, in the county of Devon, 187 miles from London. It stands on the sea-shore on Torbay, and adjoining to it, but on the opposite side of the river Teign, is East Teignmouth, a smaller and not a market-town. Both united form one of the most favourite resorts for sea-bathers on this coast, and it is frequently inhabited during the winter by persons afflicted with or apprehensive of pulmonary complaints. They are separate parishes, each having its church; and West Teignmouth has a good market on Saturdays. The country around is healthy and picturesque, and provisions are cheap. The population of West Teignmouth amounted in 1821 to 2514, and in 1831 to 2878; that of the other town in 1821 to 1466, and in 1831 to 1810.
TEKOA, a village of Palestine, on the site of which was [7:21:137]anciently built a considerable town, of which the ruins are still visible. It is nine miles south of Bethlehem.
TEL Aresias, a village of Diarbekir, in Asiatic Turkey, on the Euphrates, five miles west-north-west of Diarbekir.
TELACH, an island of Asiatic Pussia, in the Penzinskoi Gulf. Long. 159. 14. E. Lat. 61. 35. N.
TELANADING Islands, three small islands, lying east and west, near the north-west coast of the island of Gilolo. Long. 127. 30. E. Lat. 2. 18. N.
TELARUSE, a river of Asia, in the peninsula of Malacca, which forms the northern boundary of the kingdom of Queda, and separates it from Lower Siam. It falls into the Eastern Seas. Long. 99. 42. E. Lat. 6. 55. N.
TELEMACHUS, the son of Ulysses and Penelope. His character and adventures belong more to poetry than to history.
TELETZKOI, a lake of Siberia, in the government of Kolivan, extending about fifty-two miles from north to south, and ten from east to west. It is supplied by a river which rises in Chinese Tartary, and is bordered by a lofty chain of mountains connected with the Altai.
TELINGANA, an ancient kingdom of Hindustan, intersected by the river Godavery. It is now possessed by the British and the nizam.
TELL, William, an illustrious Swiss patriot, chief instrument of the revolution which delivered the Swiss cantons from the German yoke in 1307. Grisler, the gover nor of these provinces for the emperor Albert, having ordered him, under pain of death, to shoot at an apple placed on the head of one of his children, he had the dexterity, though the distance was very considerable, to strike it off without hitting the child. The tyrant, perceiving he had another arrow concealed under his cloak, asked him for what purpose? To which he boldly replied, “To have shot you through the heart, if I had bad the misfortune to kill my son.” The enraged governor now ordered him to be hanged; but his fellow-citizens, animated by his fortitude and patriotism, flew to arms, attacked and vanquished Grisler, who was shot to death by Tell; and the association for the independency took place that instant.
TELLER, an officer of the exchequer, in ancient records called tallier. There were four of these officers, whose duty it was to receive all sums due to the king, and to give the clerk of the pells a bill to charge him therewith. They likewise paid all money due from the king, by warrant from the auditor of the receipt; and made weekly and yearly books both of their receipts and payments, which they delivered to the lord-treasurer.
TELLICHERRY, a seaport in the south of India, on the coast of Malabar, and long the chief settlement of the English. But the East India Company’s commerce having in 1800 been transferred to Mahe, it has since declined, though it is still inhabited by a number of rich merchants, and is a principal mart for sandal-wood and eardamums. The inhabitants are more civilized than in the adjoining districts. Ships of considerable burden may anchor opposite the town in six fathoms water. Long. 75. 36. E. Lat. 11. 44. N.
TELLO, a town of Celebes, and formerly the capital of an independent principality. Long. 119. 30. E. Lat. 5. 5. S.
TEMBLEQUE, a town of Spain, in the province of Toledo and the partido of Alcazar de St Juan. It stands in a pleasant and beautiful part of the province; and here large markets are held, especially for sheep, of which vast numbers are sold. It contains 900 houses, with 4400 inhabitants. There is a large establishment for refining saltpetre, which is found in the vicinity. Long. 3. 37. 4. W. Lat. 39. 41. 5. N.