pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
CORNARO, Luigi, a Venetian of noble extraction, memorable for having lived in a healthful and active condition till above a hundred years of age, in consequence of observing a rigid course of temperance. By the ill conduct of some of his relations he was deprived of the dignity of nobility in Venice; and seeing himself excluded from all employments under the republic, he settled at Padua. In his youth he was of a weak constitution, and by irregular indulgence had reduced himself, at about forty years of age, to the brink of the grave, under a complication of disorders. When at this extremity, he was told that he had no other chance for his life but by becoming sober and temperate. Being wise enough to adopt the wholesome counsel given him,he reduced himself to a regimen of which there are very few examples. Heallowed hirnselfnomore than twelve ounces of food and fourteen ounces of liquor each day; which became so habitual to him, that when he was above seventy years of age, the experiment of adding two ounces to each by the advice of his friends, had like to have proved fatal to him. At eighty-three he wrote a treatise which has been translated into English, and often printed, entitled Sure and certain Methods of attaining a Long and Healthful Life ; in which he relates his own story, and extols temperance with becoming enthusiasm. At length the yolk of an egg became sufficient for a meal, and sometimes for two, until he died, with much composure, at Padua, in 1566. A writer in the Spectator (No. 195) confirms the fact from the authority of the Venetian ambassador at that time, who was a descendant of the Cornaro family.
CORNELIA, daughter of Scipio Africanus, was the mother of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus. She was courted by a king, but she preferred being the wife of a Roman citizen to that of a monarch. Iler virtues have been deservedly commended, as well as the wholesome principles which she inculcated on her two sons. When a Campanian lady once made a show of her jewels at Cornelia’s house, and entreated the latter to favour her with a sight of her own, Cornelia produced her two sons, saying, “These are the only jewels of which I can boast.”
CORNET, in the military system of the ancients, an instrument of the nature of a trumpet, upon the sounding of which the ensigns were to march without the soldiers; whereas, when the trumpet sounded, the soldiers were to move forward without the ensigns. The cornets and buc-cinae sounded the charge and retreat, and the cornets and trumpets sounded during the course of the battle.

Cornet, in modern military economy, denotes an officer in the cavalry who bears the standard or colours of a troop or squadron.

The cornet is the third commissioned officer in the company, and commands in the absence of the captain and lieutenant. He takes his title from his ensign, which is square; and he is supposed to be called by the name of cornet, from cornu, because placed on the wings, which form the points or horns of the army. Others derive the name from coronet, alleging that it was the ancient custom for these officers to wear coronets or garlands on their heads.
CORNEUS, the name which Linnaeus gives to a kind of tin ore, found in black columns, with irregular sides, and terminating in prisms.
CORNICULARIUS, in an officer in the Ro man army, whose business was to assist the military tribune in quality of lieutenant.

The cornicularii went the rounds instead of the tribune, visited the watch, and were nearly what adjutants are in modern armies.

The denomination cornicularius was given them from a little horn, called corniculum, which was used in giving orders to the soldiers; but Salmasius ’derives it from corniculum, the crest of a head-piece, as they wore iron or brass horns on their helmets, which were called cornicula.

In the Notitia Imperii we find mention made of a kind of secretary or register of the same name. His business was to attend the judge, and to enter down his sentiments and decisions. The critics derive the word in this sense from corniculum, a little horn to contain ink.
CORNU. See Horn. Cornu Ammonis, in Natural History, fossil shells, called also serpent-stones or snake-stones. They are found of all sizes, from the breadth of a sixpence to more than two feet in diameter, and a few even larger; some of them rounded, others greatly compressed, and lodged in different strata of stones and clays; some again are smooth, and others variously ridged, their striae and ridges being either straight, irregularly-crooked, or undulated.
CORNUCOPIA, among the ancient poets, a horn out of which proceeded plenty of all things; and, by a particular privilege which Jupiter granted his nurse, supposed to be the goat Amalthaea. The interpretation of the fable is, that in Libya there is a little territory, shaped not unlike a bullock’s horn, and exceedingly fertile, which was given by King Ammon to his daughter Amalthaea, whom the poets feign to have been Jupiter’s nurse.

In Architecture and Sculpture, the cornucopia, or horn of plenty, is represented under the figure of a large horn, out of which issue fruits, flowers, and the like. On medals, Joubert observes, the cornucopia is given to all deities.
COROLLA, among botanists, the most conspicuous part of a flower, surrounding the organs of generation, and composed of one or more flower-leaves, most commonly called petals, to distinguish them from the leaves of the plant; according as there is one, two, or three of these petals, the corolla is said to be monopetalous, dipetalous, tripetalous, &c.
COROLLARY is a consequence drawn from something already advanced or demonstrated. Thus, it being demonstrated that a triangle which has two equal sides, has also two angles equal, it follows that a triangle which has three sides equal, has also its three angles equal.
COROLISTAE, a name by which Linnaeus distinguishes those systematic botanists who have arranged vegetables according to the regularity, figure, number, and other circumstances, of the petals, or beautifully-coloured leaves of the flowers. The best systems of this kind are those of Rivinus and Tourneront. The former proceeds upon the regularity and number of the petals, the latter on their regularity and figure.
COROLLULA, a term used by botanists to express the little partial flowers which make up the compound ones.
COROMANDEL, or Cholamandalu. This coast extends in a long line on the western side of the bay of Bengal, from Point Calymere to the mouths of the Krishna river, being about 350 miles in length. Along the whole extent of this coast there is not a good harbour, though there are several flourishing towns; and, with the exception[7:7:371] of the bay of Coringa, there is an extreme difficulty in landing, on account of the surf, except where proper boats are provided. The northerly winds generally begin to blow on the coast of Coromandel and in the bay of Bengal about the middle of October; and for the first three months with such violence, that it is very unsafe to approach. This is the north-east monsoon. About the· middle of April the southerly winds commence, and continue till October, during which period vessels may approach the coast in perfect security. The monsoons are accompanied at their commencement with violent thunder and tempests; and these storms continue from October to December, and sometimes even to January. During summer, from April to October, when the south-east monsoon commences, a hot wind blows during the day over the land, and parches up every thing; so that the country resembles a barren wilderness, nothing appearing green except the trees. At night the heat is relieved by refreshing breezes from the sea. These hot winds, however oppressive and adverse to vegetation, are supposed to purify the air; and it is accordingly observed by all Europeans, that the longer they continue, the ensuing months are more healthy. During the season of the periodical rains vegetation is hastened, the plants revive, and a beautiful verdure is spread over the country.
CORONACH, among the Scotch and Irish, the custom of singing at funerals, anciently prevalent in Scotland and Ireland, and still practised in several parts. Of this custom Mr Pennant gives the following account :—“I had not the fortune to be present at any in North Britain, but formerly assisted at one in the south of Ireland, where it was performed in the fulness of horror. The cries are [7:7:373]called by the Irish the ulogóhne and hullulu, two words very expressive of the sound uttered on these occasions; and being of Celtic stock, etymologists would swèar to be the origin of the oλoauyj; of the Greeks, and ululatus of the Latins. Virgil is very fond of using the last whenever any of his females are distressed, as are others of the Roman poets, and generally on occasions similar to this. It was my fortune to arrive at a certain town in Kerry at the time that a person of some distinction departed this life. My curiosity led me to the house, where the funeral seemed conducted in the purest classical form.

Quodcunque aspiceret luctus, gemitusque sonabant, Formaque non taciti funeris intus erat.

In short, the conclamatio was set up by the friends in the same manner as Virgil describes that consequent on Dido’s death;

Lamentis, gemituque, et foemineo ululatu Tecta fremunt.

Immediately after this followed another ceremony, fully described by Camden in his account of the manners of the ancient Irish; the earnest expostulations and reproaches given to the deceased for quitting this world, where she enjoyed so many blessings, so good a husband, and such fine children. This custom is also of great antiquity; for Euryalus’ mother makes the same address to her dead son.

Tunc ilia senectae

Sera meae requies? potuisti relinquere solam, Crudelis?

But when the time approached for carrying out the corpse, the cry was redoubled,

Tremulis ululatibus aethera complent; a numerous band of females waiting in the outer court to attend the hearse, and to pay in chorus the last tribute of their voices. The habit of this sorrowing train, and the neglect of their persons, were admirably suited to the occasion; their robes were black and flowing, resembling the ancient palla; their feet naked, their hair long and dishevelled; I might truly say,

Ut qui conducti plorant in funera, dicunt Et faciunt prope plura dolentibus exanimo,

The eorpse was carried slowly along the verge of a most beautiful lake, the ululatus was continued, and the whole procession ended among the venerable ruins of an old abbey.”
CORONATION, the ceremony of investing with a crown, particularly applied to the crowning of kings, upon their succeeding to the sovereignty.
CORONELLI, Vincent, a well-known geographer, was born at Venice. His skill in the mathematics having brought him to the knowledge of the Count d’Estrées, the latter employed him in making globes for Louis XIV. With this view Coronelli spent some time at Paris, and left a great number of globes there, which are much esteemed. In 1685 he was appointed cosmographer to the republic of Venice, and four years afterwards public professor of geography. He founded an academy of cosmography at Venice, and died in that city in the year 1718. He published about four hundred geographical charts, an abridgement of cosmography, several books on geography, and other works.
CORPORAL, a rank and file man, with superior pay to that of the common soldiers, and nominal rank under a Serjeant, who has charge over one of the divisions or squads of the company, places and relieves sentinels, and keeps good order in the corps-de-garde. He also receives the word from the inferior rounds which pass by his corps-de-garde.
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Corporal of a Ship of War, an officer under the master at arms, employed to teach the officers the exercise of small arms, or of musketry; to attend at the gangway on entering ports; and to observe that no spirituous liquors are brought into the ship, unless by express leave from the officers. He is also to extinguish the fire and candles at eight o’clock in winter, and nine in summer, when the evening gun is fired; and to walk frequently down in the lower decks in his watch, to see that there are no lights but such as are under the charge of proper sentinels.
CORPOREAL, those qualities or accidents which belong to body. See Incorporeal.
CORPOREITY, the quality of that which is corporeal, or has body; or that which constitutes it such. The corporeity of God was the capital error of the Anthropomorphites. Some authors reproach Tertullian with admitting a corporeity in the Deity; but it is manifest that, by body, he means no more than substance. The Mahommedans reproach the Samaritans at this day with a belief in the corporeity of God. Many of the ancients believed in the corporeity of angels.
CORPULENCY, the state of a person too much loaded with flesh or fat. Corpulency was held infamous among the ancient Lacedaemonians. Sennertus mentions a man who weighed six hundred pounds, and a woman thirty-six years of age who weighed four hundred and fifty. Bright of Malden, who died at the age of twenty-nine years in 1750, weighed six hundred and sixteen pounds. Chiapini Vitelli, Marquis of Cerona, a noted Spanish general in his time, was excessively corpulent, but by drinking of vinegar is said to have reduced himself to such a degree of leanness that he could fold his skin several times round him.
CORPUS Christi, a festival of the church of England, observed on the next Thursday after Trinity Sunday. It was instituted in honour of the eucharist; to which also one of the colleges of Oxford is dedicated.
CORPUSCLE, in Physics, a minute particle, or physical atom, such as a natural body is composed of. By this word is not meant the elementary particles, nor hypostatical principles of chemists; but those particles, whether of a simple or compound nature, the parts of which will neither be dissolved nor dissipated by ordinary degrees of heat.
CORPUSCULAR Philosophy is that method of philosophising which endeavours to explain things, and to account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, position, attraction, or repulsion of the corpuscles, or the minute particles of matter.
CORRADINI di Sezza, Peter Marcellinus, a learned civilian and cardinal, born at Sezza in 1658, acquired the esteem and confidence of Clement XI. and died at Rome in 1743. He was the author of a learned and curious work, entitled Vetus Latium, profanum et sacrum, 2 vols. folio; and a History of Sezza, in 4to.
CORRADO, Sebastian, an Italian grammarian of the sixteenth century, taught the Greek and Latin tongues at Reggio, where he formed an academy of polite literature; and at length removed to Bologna, in order to become professor of those languages. He wrote several works, the most esteemed of which is Questura in qua Ciceronis vita refertur, Venice, 1537, 8vo. He died in 1556.
CORRECTION, in Printing, the act of retrenching the faults of a work; or the reading which the corrector gives the first proofs, in order to point out and amend the faults which are to be rectified by the compositor.

The corrections are placed on the margin of each page, right against the line where the faults are found. There are different characters used to express different corrections, asTĴ or δ, dele, for any thing to be effaced or left out. When any thing is to be inserted, the place is marked in the line with a caret λ, and the insertion added in the margin. When a word, syllable, or the like, is to be altered, it is erased out of the proof, and that to be put in its stead is written in the margin; always observing, if there be several mistakes in the same line, that the corrections in the margin be separated by little bars or strokes, thus, ļ. If a space be omitted, its place is marked with a caret, and the margin with ⅝'. If a space be wrong placed, as in the middle of a word, the two parts are connected with a cu rve, and the same character put in the margin. If a letter be inverted, this is expressed on the margin by Ç, If any thing be transposed, it is marked thus: The shortest ∖ are the ∖ follics ∖ best; for the shortestfolliesare the best; and on the margin is added tr. in a circle. If Roman characters are to be changed for Italic, or vice versa, a line is drawn under them thus, and Roman or Italic added to the margin: if lower case letters are to be altered into small capitals, a double line is used. If a sentence is entirely omitted, the place is marked with a caret, and in the margin is inserted the word out, and a reference made to the page of the copy in which the sentence occurs. If the letters of a word stand too far asunder, a line is drawn under them, and in the margin is put a crooked line or hook, thus x ~,.

Correction House, a place of confinement, where vagrants and persons guilty of offences of an inferior degree suffer punishment by being obliged to labour for a certain period of time, as for months or years, according to the nature of the offence committed. The benefits arising to society, and the reformation of offenders, from this mode of punishment, have been variously estimated by different writers, according to the views which they have taken of the effects and consequences which are supposed to follow the confinement and restraint to which the criminal is subjected. See Punishments.
CORREGIDOR, the name of an officer of justice in Spain, and in countries subject to the Spanish government. He is the chief judge of a town or province.
CORREGGIO, a city of Italy, in the province of Reggio, of the duchy of Modena. It is a poor place, without industry, containing within the walls only 2200 inhabitants; but, including the extensive suburbs, about 7500. It was the birth-place of the celebrated painter Antonio Allegri.
CORREGGIO. See Allegri.
CORRELATIVE, something opposed to another in a certain relation. Thus father and son are correlatives; while light and darkness, motion and rest, are correlative and opposite terms.
CORREZE, a department of France, formed out of the ancient division Limousin. It is bounded on the north by the departments of the Upper Vienne and the Creuse, on the east by the Puy de Dome and Cantal, on the south by the Lot, and on the west by Dordogne and Upper Vienne. The extent is 2190 square miles, or, according to the Almanac Royale, 585,750 hectares. The face of the country is in general mountainous; but in the southern and western parts are some districts of low land. The soil is for the most part poor and thin; the high lands being covered with heath, and the low lands but moderately fertile. The climate is raw and cold, and in the mountains snow is to be seen during eight months of [7:7:377] the year; but in the valleys the heat in summer is excessive. As the population is thin, though much of the land is unproductive, sufficient of corn is raised for the consumption; but it for the most part consists of maize and rye; and the place of corn is in a great measure supplied by chestnuts, which, as well as walnuts and filberts, are very abundant. A practice prevails of boiling and drying the chestnuts, so as to preserve them through the whole year. There are a few small mines of iron and copper; and some coal is extracted, as well as marble, alabaster, and porphyry. The manufactures are insignificant. The chief trade is in cattle, wine, nut-oil, wood, and bees-wax. The inhabitants amount to 252,612 persons, who have scarcely any education; and few of them speak French, but make use of a kind of patois, more resembling Spanish or Italian. The department is divided into three arrondissements, twenty-nine cantons, and 294 communes. The capital is the city of Tulle.
CORRIENTES, a town of Buenos Ayres, in Santa Fe, situated at the junction of the Parana and Paraguay, 440 miles north of Buenos Ayres. The population amounts to about 4500. Long. 60. 36. W. Lat. 27. 50. S.
CORROSION, in a general sense, is the action of gnawing away, by degrees, the continuity of the parts of bodies.
CORRUPTICOLAE, a sect which arose out of the Monophysites, in Egypt, about the year 519, under their chief Severus, the pretended patriarch of Alexandria.

The distinguishing doctrine, from which they derived their name, was, that the body of Jesus Christ was corruptible.·, that the fathers had owned it; and that to deny it was to deny the truth of our Saviour’s passion. On the other hand, Julian of Halicarnassus, another Eutychian and refugee, maintained that the body of Jesus Christ had always been incorruptible; that to say it was corruptible, was to make a distinction between Jesus Christ and the Word, and by consequence to acknowledge two natures in Jesus Christ.

The people of Alexandria were divided between the two opinions; and the partizans of Severus were called cor-rupticooe, or worshippers of something corruptible, and also corruptibiles ; while the adherents of Julian were denominated incorruptibiles or phantasiastoe. The clergy and secular powers favoured the former, the monks and the people the latter.
CORRUPTION, the destruction, extinction, or at least cessation for a time, of the proper mode of existence of any natural body.

Corruption of Blood, in Law, one of the consequences of an attainder. It goes both upwards and downwards; so that an attainted person can neither inherit lands or other hereditaments from his ancestors, nor retain those he is already in possession of, or transmit them by descent to any heir; but the same escheat to the lord of the fee, subject to the king’s superior right of forfeiture; and the person attainted also obstructs all descents to his posterity, wherever they are obliged to derive a title through him to a remoter ancestor.

This is one of those notions which our laws have adopted from the feudal constitutions, at the time of the Norman conquest; as appears from its being unknown in those tenures which are indisputably Saxon, as gavelkind, in which, though by treason, according to the ancient Saxon laws, the land is forfeited to the king, yet no corruption of blood, no impediment of descents, ensues, and, on judgment of mere felony, no eseheat accrues to the lord. But by the law of England, derived as above, a man’s blood is so universally corrupted by attainder, that his sons can neither inherit to him nor to any other ancestor, at least on the part of their attainted father.

This corruption of blood cannot be absolutely removed except by authority of parliament. The king may excuse the public punishment of an offender, but he cannot abolish the private right which has accrued, or may accrue, to individuals as a consequence of the criminal’s attainder. He may remit a forfeiture in which the interest of the crown is alone concerned, but he cannot wipe away the corruption of blood; for in it a third person has an interest, namely, the lord who claims by eseheat. If, therefore, a man has a son, and is attainted, and afterwards pardoned by the king, this son can never inherit to his father, or father’s ancestors; because his paternal blood, being once thoroughly corrupted by his father’s attainder, must ever continue so. But if the son had been born after the pardon, he might have inherited; because, by the pardon, the father is made a new man, and may convey inheritable blood to the children born after the remission.
CORSAIR, a pirate or person who seours the seas, especially the Mediterranean, with a vessel armed for war, without commission from any prince or power, in order to plunder merebant vessels. The word is formed from the Italian corsare or corso, or a cursibus, by reason of their courses or excursions. The name was commonly given to the piratical cruisers of Barbary, who took their rise under Barbarossa, about the beginning of the sixteenth cen-tŋry·

A corsair is distinguished from ⅛ privateer by this, that the latter acts under a commission, and only attacks vessels belonging to those who are at war with the state whence his commission is derived. Hence the punishment of a corsair is, to be hanged without remission, whereas thecrews of privateers are to be treated as prisoners of war. All corsair vessels are good prizes.