pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
KESITAH. This word is to be met with in Genesis and in Job, and is translated in the Septuagint and Vulgate, sheep or lambs. But the rabbin and modern interpreters are generally of opinion that kesitah signifies a piece of money. Bochart and Eugubinus conceive that the Septuagint meant mince, and not lambs; in Greek, hecatom-non, ίκατομνων, instead of ≡zαrov à/zvaiv. Now a mina was worth sixty Hebrew shekels, and consequently equal to L.6. 16s. 10^d. sterling. Pelletier is of opinion that kesitah was a Persian coin, stamped on one side with an archer (kesitah, or keseth, in Hebrew, signifying a bow), and on the other with a lamb; and that this was a gold coin, known in the East by the name of daric.. Several learned men, without mentioning the value of the kesitah, say it was a silver coin, the impression on which was a sheep, for which reason the Septuagint and Vulgate translate it by this name. Calmet is of opinion that kesitah was a purse of gold or silver; and in the East they reckon at present by purses. Ί he word kisfa, in Chaldee, signifies a measure, a vessel; and Eustathius says that kista is a Persian measure. Jonathan, and the Targum of Jerusalem, translate kesitah a pearl (Gen. xxxiii. 19 Job. xłii. 11), or L.9 English, supposing, as Dr Prideaux does, that a shekel is worth 3s. A daric is a piece of gold, which, according to Dr Prideaux, is worth 25s. of English money.
KESMARK, a city of the Austrian kingdom of Hungary, in the province of the Hither Theiss. It stands on the river Poprad, at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains. It contains 4650 inhabitants, of whom the majority adhere to the Lutheran church. It is adorned by an elegant palace, has one protestant and two catholic churches, and a Lutheran lyceum, with four professors. There are manufactures of linens and flannels, and considerable trade in wine. Long. 20. 22. E. Lat. 40. 73. N.
KESTREL, the English name for a hawk, called also the stannei and the windhover, and sometimes the tinnincu-lus and chencris. It builds in hollow oaks, and feeds on partridges and other birds.
KESWICK, a market-town of the county of Cumberland, in the parish of Crossthwaite, in Allerdale ward. It stands in a deep valley, on the celebrated lake of the same name, or, as it is sometimes called, the Derwent Water. It consists of a single narrow, long street, with no attractive objects. It is protected from the cold winds of the north by the lofty mountain of Skiddaw, which rises to the height of nearly 3000 feet. In the summer it is visited by numerous parties, who make it their head-quarters whilst enjoying the scenery of the lakes and mountains in its vicinity. Keswick is a place of little trade, but there is a market held on Saturday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1350, in 1811 to 1683, in 1821 to 1901, and in 1831 to 2159.
KESZTHELY, a large and pleasantly-situated town of the Austrian kingdom of Hungary, in the circle of Szante, •and province of the Farther Danube. It stands on the lake of Platte. There is in it a fine palace belonging to the family of the Counts Festitics. It has a large Franciscan convent, a hospital, two churches, and 4650 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. There is a valuable institution established by the count for increasing the knowledge and improving the practice of agriculture; and there are seminaries of other descriptions for the purposes of education. Long. 17. 9. 8. E. Lat. 46. 45. 45. N.
KETCH, a vessel equipped with two masts, namely, a main-mast and mizen-mast, and usually from 100 to 250 tons burden. They are principally used as yachts, or as bomb-vessels.

Ketcn-Hissar, a town of Asia Minor, in Caramania, beautifully situated amidst plantations of fruit-trees. It contains many ancient ruins, which extend over a space of seven or eight miles. There is particularly in this place a beautiful aqueduct of granite; and the massy foundations of several large edifices are to be seen in different parts of the town; and shafts, pillars, and pedestals lie buried under ground. It is supposed by Mr Kinneir that this place is the ancient Tyana, described by Strabo as one of the oldest cities in Cappadocia. The whole neighbourhood is impregnated with nitre, which supplies materials for a large manufactory of gunpowder. It is eighty-five miles south-west of Kaisariéh. *∙∙
KETCHLUK, a town of Asia Minor, in Caramania, surrounded with gardens, and supposed to be the city described by Xenophon, in the plain of Cayster, where Cyrus first met the queen of Cilicia. It is ninety-eight miles northwest of Konieh.
KETEE, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Sinde. It is situated on an island in the river Indus, and is the principal town of a Mahommedan chief named Meer Thara.
KETOIE, one of the Kurile Islands, near the eastern [7:12:706]coast of Asia, about twenty miles long and seven broad. It is covered with wood, which affords shelter to white foxes, seals, and sea-calves.
KETTERING, a town of the hundred of Orlingbury, in the county of Northampton, with a market on Saturday. It is seventy-five miles from London, and is a manufacturing place, where some worsted and woollen goods are made. It is not a well-built town. The sessions for the county are held in it. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 3011, in 1811 to 3242, in 1821 to 3668, and in 1831 to 4099.
KETTLE, in the art of war, a term which the Dutch apply to a battery of mortars, because it is sunk under ground.

KETTLE-Drums are formed of two large basins of copper or brass, rounded at the bottom, and covered over with vellum or goat-skin, which is kept fast by a circle of iron, and by several holes fastened to the body of the drum, with a like number of screws to screw up and down, and a key for the purpose. The two basins are kept fast together by two straps of leather which go through two rings, and are fastened the one before and the other behind the pommel of the kettle-drum’s saddle. They have each a banner of silk or damask, richly embroidered with the sovereign’s arms, or with those of the colonel, and are fringed with silver or gold; and, to preserve them in bad weather, they have each a cover of leather. The drumsticks are of crabtree or of any other hard wood, of eight or nine inches long, with two knobs on the ends, which beat the drum head and produce the sound. The kettle-drum with trumpets is the most martial sound of any. Each regiment of horse has a pair.

KETTLE-Drummer, a man on horseback appointed to beat the kettle-drum, from which he takes his name. He marches always at the head of the squadron, and his post is on the right when the squadron is drawn up.
KEVELS, in Ship-building, a frame composed of two pieces of timber, whose lower ends rest in a sort of step or foot nailed to the ship’s side, whence the upper ends branch outward into arms or horns, serving to belay the great ropes by which the bottoms of the main-sail and fore-sail arc extended.
KEVERN, St, a parish of the hundred of Kerriar, in the county of Cornwall, 277 miles from London. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 2104, in 1811 to 2242, in 1821 to 2505, and in 1831 to 2437.
KEW, a village of the hundred of Kingston, in the county of Surrey, six and a half miles from London, on the right bank of the Thames, over which there is a handsome bridge. It is a pleasant village, with many highly respectable houses, but chiefly distinguished for the royal palace, the favourite residence of George III. The palace is of modern construction, built of brick faced with stone in the Gothic style. It is, however, inferior to the gardens, which are laid out with taste and judgment, and contain almost every curious vegetable production of various countries and climates. There are in these gardens a variety of temples connected with classical and historical subjects. One of the most remarkable is the Chinese pagoda, about 170 feet in height, said to be an exact copy of one in the celestial empire, from the top of which is a fine prospect over the surrounding country. The population amounted in 1801 to 424, in 1811 to 560, in 1821 to 683, and in 1831 to 837.
KEY, an instrument for the opening of locks. Molinus, in his treatise of keys, De clavibus veterum, printed at Upsal, derives the Latin name clavis from the Greek %λs∕ω, claudo, I shut, or from the adverb clam, privately; and adds, that the use of keys is yet unknown in some parts of Sweden. The invention of keys is due to one Theodore of Samos, according to Pliny and Polydore Virgil; but this must be a mistake, as the use of keys was known before the siege of Troy, whilst mention is even made of them in the nineteenth chapter of Genesis. Molinus is of opinion that keys at first served only for untying certain knots wherewith they anciently secured their doors; but the Laconic keys, he maintains, were nearly akin in use to our own, consisting of three single teeth, and made in the figure of an E; a form of which there are still some to be seen in the cabinets of the curious. There was another key called βaaavaγga, made in the manner of a male screw, which had its corresponding female in a bolt affixed to the door. Key has hence become a general name for several things serving to shut up or close others.

Key, or Key-stone, of an Arch or Vault, is the last stone placed on the top thereof, which, being wider and fuller at the top than bottom, wedges, as it were, and binds together all the rest. The key is different in the different orders. In the Tuscan and Doric it is only a plain stone projecting; in the Ionic it is cut and waved, somewhat after the manner of consoles; in the Corinthian and Composite it is a console enriched with sculpture, foliages, and other ornaments.

Key is also used for ecclesiastical jurisdiction, particularly for the power of excommunicating and absolving. The Romanists say the pope has the power of the keys, and can open and shut paradise as he pleases, grounding their opinion on that expression of Jesus Christ to St Peter, “I will give thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven.” In St Gregory we read that it was the custom for the popes to send a golden key to princes, in which they enclosed a little of the filings of St Peter’s chains, kept with a world of devotion at Rome; and that these keys were worn in the bosom, as being supposed to contain some wonderful virtues.

Key, in Music, a certain fundamental note or tone, to which the whole piece, be it in cantata, sonata, or concerto, is accommodated, and with which it usually begins, but always ends.

Key, or Quay, a long wharf, usually built of stone, by the side of a harbour or river, and having several storehouses for the convenience of lading and discharging merchant ships. It is accordingly furnished with posts and rings, by which the latter are secured; together with cranes, capstans, and other engines, to lift the goods into or out of the vessels which lie alongside. The verb cojare, in old writers, according to Scaliger, signifies to keep in or restrain ; and hence came our term key or quay, the ground where they are made being bound in with planks and posts.
KEY’S Isles, three islands in the Eastern Seas, of considerable extent, and named Key Watela, Little and Great Key Islands, the first forty-five and the second sixty miles in circumference, and the third fifty miles in length and from five to twelve in breadth. They are situated about the 133d degree of east longitude and between the 5th and 6th degrees of north latitude.
KEYDEE, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, district of Nagpoor, 235 miles west by north from Calcutta. Long. 84. 49. E. Lat. 22. 46. N.
KEYNSHAM, a market-town in the hundred of the same name, in the county of Somerset, 114 miles from London. It is situated on the south bank of the river Avon, midway between Bath and Bristol. There is little trade, but a small market on Thursdav. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1591, in 1811 to“1748, in 1821 to 1761, and in 1831 to 2142.
KEYSLER, John George, a learned German antiquary, was born at Thournex in the year 1689. After studying at the university of Halle, he was appointed preceptor to Charles Maximilian and Christian Charles, the young counts of Giech-Buchau, with whom he travelled through the chief cities of Germany, France, and the Netherlands, gaining great reputation amongst the learned as he went along, [7:12:707]by illustrating several monuments of antiquity, particularly some fragments of Celtic idols discovered in the cathedral of Paris. Having acquitted himself of this charge with great honour, he was, in 1716, appointed to superintend the education of two grandsons of Baron Bernstorff, first minister of state to his Britannic majesty as elector of Brunswick-Lunenburg. However, having in 1718 obtained leave to visit England, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, for a learned essay de Dea Nehelennia, numine veterum Walaćhorum topico He also gave an explanation of the ancient monument on Salisbury Plain called Stonehenge, with a dissertation.on the consecrated misletoe of the Druids. These detached essays, with others of the same kind, he published on his return to Hanover, under the title of Antiquitates selectae Septentrionales et Celticae. He afterwards made the grand tour with the young barons, and to this we owe the publication of his travels, which were translated into English, and published in 1756, in four vols. 4to. Mr Keysler, on his return, spent the remainder of his life under the patronage of his noble pupils, who committed their fine library and museum to his care, with a handsome income. He died in 1743.
KHANAKEE, a handsome little town of Irak Arabi, on the high road from Bagdad to Hamadan. In the vicinity are some magnificent ruins, supposed to be those of the palace of Chosroes. It is ninety miles north-east of Bagdad.
KHANDESH, a province of Hindustan, in the Deccan, situated between the 21st and 23d degrees of north latitude. To the north it is bounded by the Nerbuddah, which separates it from Malwah; to the south by Aurangabad and Berar; on the east by Gundwana and Berar; and on the west by Gujerat. Its limits have never been accurately defined, though they may be estimated at 210 miles in length by eighty in average breadth. Khandesh was one of the small soubahs formed during the reign of Akbar, from conquests made south of the Nerbuddah. The modern subdivisions are, 1. Gaulna; 2. Khandesh proper; 3. Meiwar; 4. Bejagur; 5. Pattnemaur; 6. Hindia. This province is remarkably strong by nature, containing, within one day’s march, nearly twenty fortresses, all in sight in different directions. The country is well watered. The chief rivers are, the Nerbuddah, Tuptee, and other tributary streams; the principal towns, Boorhanpoor, Aseorghur, Hindia, Nundoorbar, and Gaulna. The surface of the province is very irregular, though it is not mountainous. The ridge of the western Ghauts extends along the Tuptee, from which passes descend into the lower country. This river has deep and steep banks, and the adjacent country is curiously intersected with ravines from thirty to forty feet deep, and sometimes winding along for a distance of several miles. As the road frequently leads through these chasms, which are remarkably close and hot, it is not uncommon to see an army on its march through the country disappear in these deep valleys, and afterwards emerge half suffocated with heat and covered with dust. This country was once flourishing and populous; but at present, owing to the devastations of different plundering tribes, such as the Bheels, Pindarrics, and Arabs, joined to the oppressions of its Mahratta rulers, it is now desolate and overgrown with jungle, the towns are in ruins, the villa; ges have been destroyed, and the soil, though fertile and well watered, lies neglected. The population is estimated at two millions, five sixths of whom are Hindus.

Khandesh was governed in the beginning of the fifteenth century by independent sovereigns, who, claiming descent from the Khalif Omar, resided at Aseerghur; but, towards the close of the century, it was subdued, and annexed to the Mogul empire. Since the decline of the Mahratta power, the greater part of the province of Khandesh was taken possession of by Arab colonists, whose soldierlike qualities gave them great influence in India. In 1818 the whole of Éĭolkar’s territories in India were ceded to the British, to whose dominion the Arab colonists evinced a decided aversion; and as it was resolved to re-transport them to their own country, they determined to resist to the last extremity. The last body of these brave adventurers surrendered in December 1818; but many of the Bheel chiefs, trusting to their mountainous and jungly recesses, continued refractory. They were dislodged from many of their retreats by the vigilance of British officers, who were for a long time engaged in this harassing warfare. The province was formerly famous for the manufacture of cotton cloths called baftahs.
KHARKOW, or Charkow, a city of the province Ukraine, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name. It is situated on the Donez, where that river receives the waters of the Lepanka and the Charkow. It contains 1552 houses, and 15,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of a university founded in 1813, with twenty-five professors, and 250 students. It enjoys some considerable trade, especially at four great fairs, to which the Asiatics and Turks equally resort. Long. 36. 50. 55. E. Lat. 49. 59. 20. N.
KHARSHOOT, a river of Asiatic Turkey, which, flowing through a narrow and beautiful valley, falls into the Black Sea near Tereboli.
KHASGUNGE, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, sixty-four miles north-west from the town of Furruckabad. Long. 78. 36. E. Lat. 27. 52. N.
KHATANGA, a considerable river of Siberia, which has its rise in the government of Tomsk, and, after a course of 500 miles through a low and marshy territory, falls into the Northern Ocean, forming a gulf to which it gives name.
KHAUAR, or Hawari, a town of Irak, in Persia, 200 miles north of Ispahan. It is situated on a mountain which separates the province of Irak from that of Mazanderan, and through which there is a narrow pass that takes its name from the town.
KHEMLASA, a large walled town of Hindustan, with a fort adjoining, in the province of Malwah, ninety-four miles south-west from Chatterpoor. Long. 78. 36. E. Lat. 24. 15. N.
KHEROO, a town of Thibet, situated on the north of the great Himalaya ridge of mountains, formerly a large, but now an inconsiderable place, having been laid waste, prior to 1790, by an incursion of the Tartars, who occupy the country to the north of Joongale. A considerable trade is carried on between Nepaul and this place.
KHILLIS, a town of Syria, situated at the foot of Mount Taurus, where there is a celebrated market for cotton. It is twenty-eight miles north-north-west of Aleppo·
KHOEE, a town of Azerbijan, in Persia, and capital of a rich and extensive district, situated on the borders of the lake Urumea. There is no town in Persia more beautiful and better built; the walls are in good repair; the streets regular, and shaded with avenues of trees; and the ceilings of many of the houses tastefully painted and embellished. These paintings are not modern; and as the immediate predecessors of Shah Ismael frequently held their court in this city, they were probably executed about that period. It is the emporium of a considerable trade carried on between Turkey and Persia. The population amounts to 25,000. The plain in which it is situated is famous for a battle fought in 1514, between Shah Ismael and Selim I., in which 30,000 Persians encountered 300,000 Turks.
KHOOSHGAL, a well-built small fort in the province ofBejapoor, and district of Bancapoor, strongly situated on a rising ground in the middle of an extensive plain. Long. 75. 13. E. Lat. 15. 29. N.
KHOZDAR, a town of Beloochistan, the residence of Meer Murad Ali, one of the principal Beloochee ameers of the Kumburanee tribe. It is situated in a small romantic valley of the same name, between two tremendous ridges of bare rocky mountains, tolerably well cultivated, and watered by a stream flowing through the centre. The town is walled, and has a good bazar. It is a Mahommedan town, though the Hindus are held in great esteem. The climate is severe; and at the approach of winter the richer classes retire to Cutch Gundava, to avoid the intense cold of the mountain air. It is distant from Kelat, the chief town of Beloochistan or Baloochistan, three days’ journey. Its situation is not exactly ascertained, but is nearly in latitude 36. 30. N. and long. 67. E.
KHYRABAD, or Kairabad, a district of Hindustan, in the province of Oude, situated principally between the 27th and 28th degrees of north latitude, and bounded on the [7:12:709]west by the Ganges, and on the east by the Goggra. The country is fertile and well watered, being intersected by the river Goomty; and its chief towns are Khyrabad, Shahabad, and Mahomdy. The capital, which is of the same name, is conveniently situated between two streams which fall into the river Goomty. Long. 80. 45. E. Lat. 27. 29. N.
KHYRPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Sinde, and the residence of the chiefs of the aristocracy who govern the place. It carries on a considerable trade, and is noted for the dyeing of cloths. Latitude not ascertained.
KHYVAH, an independent territory of Asia, which extends on or near the banks of the Oxus a distance of between 100 and 200 miles, and on all quarters is surrounded by the desert. The town of Khyvah, the capital, is about fifteen miles from the Oxus, or 240 miles from Mungushluc, a bay upon the banks of the Caspian Sea. This tract of country, however confined and unpromising, was at one time the seat of the Khaurezmian sovereigns, who maintained a very flourishing empire, well known in the annals of the East. This empire embraced the principal part of Western Asia, and the country around was populous and prosperous. But all is now changed. The country has been ruined by the invasions of different conquerors; and the city of Khaurezm or Ourgunge, like the most celebrated cities of the East, has become a ruin; and the seat of the petty power that now exists has been transferred to the mean and modern town of Khyvah. The modern city of Khyvah was totally ruined by Nadir Shah, at the time when he overran all Turkestan, on his return from India; its youth were enlisted in his armies, a great many were put to death, and numbers were transported to distant parts. The Usbeck Tartars at length obtained the ascendency in this country, and maintained on the throne a prince said to be of the race of Ghenghis. A chief from one of their tribes still rules in the country.
KIAHING FOU, a large and populous town of China, in the province of Tchekiang. It has extensive silk manufactures, there being scarcely a house in which silk-worms are not bred. It carries on a considerable trade, for the convenience of which canals are cut in every street. It is 130 miles south-east of Nanquin. Long. 120. 14. E. Lat. 32. N.