pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
SHEICK, in the oriental customs, the person who has the care of the mosques in Egypt: his duty is the same as that of the imams at Constantinople. There are more or fewer of these to every mosque, according to its size or revenue. One of them is head over the rest, and answers to a parish priest with us, and has under him, in large mosques, the readers, and people who cry out to go to prayers; but in small mosques the sheick is obliged to do all this himself. In such it is their business to open the mosque, to cry to prayers, and to begin their short devotions at the head of[7:20:198] the congregation, who stand rank and file in great ordcr, and make all their motions together. Every Friday the sheick makes an harangue to his congregation.
SHEIKPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, fifty miles south-east from Patna. Long. 85. 54. E. Lat. 25. 8. N.
SHEKARPOOR, a town in the province of Sewistan or Seistan, situated on the west side of the Indus. It is a large town, with seven gates. The Hindu merchants who visit this country leave their wives and relatives here for security. It is governed by a Mahommedan chief, who pays tribute both to the Afghans and Ameers of Sinde. Long. 69. 49. E. Lat. 28. 47. N.
SHEKEL, the name of a weight and coin current among the ancient Jews. Dr Arbuthnot makes the weight of the shekel equal to 9 pennyweights 2 4 / 7 grains troy weight, and the value equal to 2s. 3 3 / 8 d. sterling. The golden shekel was worth L.1. 16s. 6d.
SHEKOABAD, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, thirty-five miles east-south-east from the city of Agra. Long. 78. 32. E. Lat. 27. 6. N.
SHELLAM, a town and district of the Upper Carnatic, in the south of India, between the 11th and 12th degrees of north latitude. The town is generally called the Great Shellam, to distinguish it from a smaller town. It is sixty miles west-north-west from Pondicherry. Long. 78. 33. E. Lat. 11.39. N.
SHELLIUM, a town of Hindustan, in the Carnatic, sixty-five miles west from Madras. Long. 79. 27. E. Lat 13.8. N.
SHELTON, a township and chapelry in the county of Stafford, in the hundred of North Pirehill, formerly a division of the parish of Stoke-upon-Trent It is two miles east-north-east from Newcastle-under-Line, and is situated on the Trent and Mersey Canal, by which its trade is much facilitated. In this township are the potteries of the village of Etruria, erected by the scientific Mr Wedgewood, who has a villa in it remarkable for the beauty of its situation, and the classical arrangement of its architectural details. There are more than thirty manufactories in the town, which give occupation to above 5000 of the inhabitants. The place is well paved, and lighted with gas. It has a church, the patronage of which is in the rector of Stoke, in whose parish it was previous to the division of that large living. There are two dissenting places of worship, with Sunday schools, in which 600 children are instructed. The population amounted in 1811 to 5487, in 1821 to 7325, and in 1831 to 9267.
SHEPOORY, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Agra, thirty-five miles north-west from Narwar. Long. 77. 10. E. Lat. 25. 25. N.[7:20:199]
SHEPPERTON, a village of the county of Middlesex, in the hundred of Spelthorne. It stands on the banks of the Thames, eighteen miles from London. The course of the river having been changed, a small part of the parish is now in the county of Surrey. There is a bridge here over the river, near to which are a number of piles, called Cowey Stakes, said to have been driven into the stream by the Britons, to prevent the army of Caesar from fording the river. It is commonly asserted that the learned Erasmus passed much of his time, when in England, at the parsonagehouse, with the incumbent, who was his intimate friend. There are many fine and pleasantly situated houses looking on the river in this place. The population amounted in 1821 to 782, and in 1831 to 847.
SHEPPEY, Isle of, an island, being part of the county of Kent, situated at the mouth of the Thames and Medway, and separated from the mainland by an arm of the sea, called the Swale, which is navigable for vessels of 200 tons burden, extending about eleven miles in length. Nearly four fifths of the island consist of rich marsh and pasture land, and the rest of very productive corn and clover lands. The best wheat of England is grown on this island, the land being well manured by the large flocks of sheep on the uplands, and by the cows and oxen on the rich meadows. Though fertile, it is deemed unhealthy; and there is a scarcity of good water, though that has been of late partially remedied by a well sunk 330 feet.

The island is in none of the hundreds of Kent, but is a liberty of itself. It contains 18,340 acres of land, has within it the towns of Sheerness and Queenborough, four parishes, and, in 1831, a population of 9867, of whom 4833 were males, and 5034 were females.
SHEPTON-MALLET, a town of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Whitestone, 116 miles from London. It is situated on the Mendip Hills, in a district abundantly supplied with coal, to which it is principally indebted for its prosperity. It is a place of considerable woollen manufacture, chiefly of broad cloths and cassimeres. The streets are narrow and ill built. It has a large parish church; and in the centre of the town a curious market-cross, erected in the year 1500, consisting of five arches, supported by that number of pentagonal columns. The manor of Shepton-Mallet is a portion of the duchy of Cornwall. There is a well-supplied market on Fridays. The population amounted in 1821 to 5021, and in 1831 to 5330.
SHER, a town in the Mahratta territories, in the province of Malwah, ninety miles north-east from Oojain. Long. 78. 55. E. Lat. 23. 58. N.
SHERBET, or Sherbit, a compound drink, first brought into England from Turkey and Persia, consisting of water, lemon-juice, and sugar, in which are dissolved perfumed cakes made of excellent Damascus fruit, containing an infusion of some drops of rose-water. Another kind of it is made of violets, honey, and juice of raisins.
SHERBORNE, a town in the hundred of its name, in the county of Dorset, 117 miles from London. It was formerly a city, the see of a bishop, removed to Salisbury in the eleventh century. It is situated at the foot of a hill, with narrow and ill-built streets, and has no striking object except the old cathedral, now the parish church, one of the finest in the west of England. The only branch of industry is the silk trade, the throwing of which is carried on by machinery. Adjoining to the town is the magnificent seat of the Earl of Digby, Sherborne Castle, which was once the residence of Sir Walter Raleigh. The town is supplied with water by the river Ivel. There are markets on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The population amounted in 1821 to 3622, and in 1831 to 4075.
SHERBURN, a town of the west riding of the county of York, in the wapentake of Barkston Ash. It is situated on the great road from Doncaster to York, 185 miles from

London. It was once a place of more importance than it is at present, having been the seat of an archbishop, of whose palace no vestige now remains; but there is a fine old church. The place is celebrated for its cherry-orchards, and for a peculiar kind of plums. The population of the town amounted in 1821 to 1144, and in 1831 to 1155; but the parish extends over six other townships, whose aggregate population amounted in 1821 to 2916, and in 1831 to 3068.
SHEREGUR, a town of the Sikh territories, in the province of Mooltan, seventy miles south-south-west from Lahore. Long. 73. 24. E. Lat. 30. 55. N.
SHERIBON. See Cheribon.
Sheridan, Mrs. Frances, wife of Thomas Sheridan, A. M. was born in Ireland about the year 1724, but descended from a good English family which had removed thither. Her maiden name was Chamberlaine, and she was granddaughter of Sir Oliver Chamberlaine. The first literary performance by which she distinguished herself, was a little pamphlet at the time of a violent party-dispute relative to the theatre, in which Mr Sheridan had newly embarked his fortune. So well-timed a work exciting the attention of Mr Sheridan, he by an accident discovered his fair patroness, to whom he was soon afterwards married. She was a person of the most amiable character in every relation of life, with the most engaging manners. After lingering some years in a very weak state of health, she died at Blois, in the south of France, in the year 1767. Her Sidney Bid-dulph may be ranked with the first productions of that class in ours or in any other language. She also wrote a little romance, in one volume, called Nourjahad, in which there is a great deal of imagination, productive of an admirable moral. She was likewise the authoress of two comedies, The Discovery, and The Dupe.
SHERLOCK, William, a learned English divine in the seventeenth century, was born in 1641, and educated at Eton school, where he distinguished himself by the vigour of his genius and his application to study. From this he was removed to Cambridge, where he took his degrees. In 1669 he became rector of the parish of St George, Botolph Lane, in London; and in 1681 was collated to the prebend of Pancras, in the cathedral of St Paul’s. He was likewise chosen master of the Temple, and had the rectory of Therfield, in Hertfordshire. After the Revolution he was suspended from his preferment, for refusing the oaths to William and Mary; but at last he took them, and publicly justified what he had done. In 1691 he was installed[7:20:205] as dean of St Paul’s. His Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity engaged him in a warm controversy with Dr South and others. Bishop Burnet tells us he was “a clear, a polite, and a strong writer; but apt to assume too much to himself, and to treat his adversaries with contempt.” He died in 1707. His works are very numerous, among which are, 1. A Discourse concerning the Knowledge of Jesus Christ, against Dr Owen; 2. Several pieces against the Papists, the Socinians, and Dissenters; 3. A Practical Treatise on Death; 4. A Practical Discourse on Providence; 5. A Practical Discourse on the Future Judgment; and many other works.
SHEKLOCK, Dr Thomas, bishop of London, was the son of the preceding, and was born in 1678. He was educated in Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he took his degrees, and of which he became master. He was made master of the Temple when very young, on the resignation of his father; and it is remarkable, that this mastership was held by father and son successively for more than seventy years. He was at the head of the opposition against Dr Hoadley, bishop of Bangor, during which contest he published a great number of pieces. He attacked Collins’s Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion, in a course of six sermons, preached at the Temple Church, which he entitled The Use and Intent of Prophecy in the Several Ages of the World. In 1728, Dr Sherlock was promoted to the bishopric of Bangor, and was translated to Salisbury in 1734. In 1747 he refused the archbishopric of Canterbury, on account of his ill state of health; but recovering in a good degree, he accepted the see of London the following year. On occasion of the earthquakes in 1750, he published an excellent Pastoral Letter to the clergy and inhabitants of London and Westminster, of which it is said there were printed, in quarto five thousand, in octavo twenty thousand, and in duodecimo about thirty thousand, besides pirated editions, of which not less than fifty thousand were supposed to have been sold. Under the weak state of body in which he lay for several years, he revised and published four volumes of Sermons, in octavo, which are particularly admired for their ingenuity and elegance. He died in 1762, worth L.150,000. “His learning,” says

Dr Nicholls, “was very extensive. God had given him a great and an understanding mind, a quick comprehension, and a solid judgment. These advantages of nature he improved by much industry and application. His skill in the civil and canon law was very considerable; to which he had added such a knowledge of the common law of England as few clergymen attain to. This it was that gave him that influence in all causes where the church was concerned, as knowing precisely what it had to claim from its constitutions and canons, and what from the common law of the land.” Dr Nicholls then mentions his constant and exemplary piety, his warm and fervent zeal in preaching the duties and maintaining the doctrines of Christianity, and his large and diffusive munificence and charity; particularly by his having given large sums of money to the corporation of clergymen’s sons, to several of the hospitals, and to the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts, and also bequeathing to Catharine Hall, in Cambridge, the place of his education, his valuable library of books, and his donations for the founding a librarian’s place and a scholarship, to the amount of several thousand pounds.
SHERON, a village of Persia, in Irak, fifteen miles east from Kermanshaw.
SHERRIFF of Mecca, the title of the descendants of Mahommed by Hassan Ibn Ali. These are divided into several branches, of which the family of Ali Bunemi, consisting at least of three hundred individuals, enjoy the sole right to the throne of Mecca. The Ali Bunemi are again subdivided into two subordinate branches, Darii Sajid and Darii Barkad, of whom sometimes the one, sometimes the other, have given sovereigns to Mecca and Medina, when these were separate states.
SHETLAND. See Zetuand.
SHEVAGUNGA, a polygar town and district of Southern India, in the province of the Carnatic, and district of Little Marawar. This country, according to the custom of the Nairs, was ruled by females until about sixty years ago, when the government was usurped by two brothers of low caste. They were expelled by the nabob of Arcot, with the aid of the British troops, who afterwards reinstated them. They were again expelled, and being pursued and captured by the British, they were condemned and executed, and the country given to a relation of the former female sovereigns. Long, of the town 78. 30. E. Lat. 9. 54. N.
SHEVAGURRY, a town of the south of India, in the district of Tinnevelly, a hundred miles north from Cape Comorin. Long. 77. 32. E. Lat. 9. 23. N.
SHEVELPATORE, a town of the south of India, in the province of the Carnatic, 110 miles north from Cape Comorin. Long. 77. 43. E. Lat. 9. 81. N.
SHIELDS, North, a township of the parish of Tynemouth, in the county of Northumberland, 233 miles from London and eight from Newcastle, situated on the north bank of the Tyne. It has gradually grown from a dirty fishing village to a town of great extent and wealth, from the coal trade. The population amounted in 1831 to 6744.

Shields , South, a township of the parish of Jarrow, in the county of Durham. It stands on the river Tyne, opposite to North Shields, and, like it, has risen chiefly from the coal trade, but has, besides, extensive salt-works. There are also large establishments for making glass, and for ship-building. It consists for the most part of one street, extending nearly two miles along the bank of the river. The population amounted in 1821 to 8885, and in 1831 to 9682.
SHIFFNAL, a town of the hundred of Brimstrey, in the county of Salop, 143 miles from London. It is a small place, of no trade except that arising from its being on the great post-road from London to Holyhead. There is a market on Friday. The population amounted in 1821 to 4411, and in 1831 to 4779.
SHIJASHROTAN, one of the Kurile Islands, at the eastern extremity of Asiatic Russia, in the ocean south of Kamtschatka. Long. 154. 39. E. Lat. 49. 15. N.
SHINAAS, a small seaport on the Persian Gulf, situated between the town of Sinja and Cape Bastana.
SHINGLES, in building, small pieces of wood, or quartered oaken boards sawn to a certain scantling, or, as is more usual, cleft to about an inch, thick at one end, and made like wedges, four or five inches in breadth and eight or nine inches in length.

Shingles are used instead of tiles or slates, especially for churches and steeples. This covering, however, is dear; yet, while tiles are very scarce, and a light covering is required, it is preferable to thatch; and where they are made of good oak, cleft, and not sawed, and well seasoned in water and the sun, they make a sure, light, and durable covering.
SHIP, a general name for all large vessels, particularly those equipped with three masts and a bowsprit; the masts being composed of a lower mast, top-mast, and top-gallantmast, and each of these being provided with yards, sails, and the like. Ships, in general, are either employed for war or merchandise.[7:20:208]
SHIPSTON-on-Stour, a town of the hundred of Oswaldslow, in the county of Worcester, but detached from it, and surrounded by Gloucestershire. It is eighty-three miles from London, has little trade except what arises from its great sheep-fairs. It has a large market on Friday. The population amounted in 1801 to 1293, in 1811 to 1377, in 1821 to 1562, and in 1831 to 1632.

Ship- Money was an imposition charged upon the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties of England, in the reign of King Charles I., by writs, commonly called shipwrits, under the great seal of England, in the years 1635 and 1636, for the providing and furnishing of certain ships for the king’s service, which was declared to be contrary to the laws and statutes of this realm, the petition of right, and the liberty of the subject, by statute 17 Car. I. c. 14.
SHIRE is a Saxon word signifying a division; but a county, comitatus, of the same import, is plainly derived from comes, the count of the Franks; that is, the earl or alderman, as the Saxons called him, of the shire, to whom the government of it was intrusted. This he usually exercised by his deputy, still called in Latin vi c e comes, and in English the sheriff, shrieve, or shire-reeve, signifying the officer of the shire; upon whom, in process of time, the civil administration of it totally devolved. In some counties there is an intermediate division between the shire and the hundred; as lathes in Kent and rapes in Sussex, each of them containing about three or four hundred a piece. These had formerly their lathe-reeves and rape-reeves, acting in subordination to the shire-reeve. Where a county is divided into three of these intermediate jurisdictions, they are called trythings, which were anciently governed by a trything-reeve. These trythings still subsist in the large county of York, where, by an easy corruption, they are denominated ridings; namely, the north, the east, and the west ridings.
SHIRT, a loose garment, commonly of linen or cotton, worn next the body. Shirts were not worn by the Jews, G reeks, or Romans, but their place was supplied by thin tunicae of wool. The want of linen among the ancients made frequent washings and ablutions necessary.
SHOAD, among miners, denotes a train of metallic stones, serving to direct them in the discovery of mines.

SHOAD-Stones, a term used by the miners of Cornwall and other parts of this kingdom, to express such loose masses of stone as are usually found about the entrances into mines, sometimes running in a straight course from the load or vein of ore to the surface of the earth.
SHOAL, in the sea-language, denotes a place where the water is shallow; and likewise a great quantity of fishes, such as a shoal of herrings.
SHOAL-WATER BAY, on the east coast of New Hoi-land, visited by Captain Flinders in 1802. Long. of Aken’s island at its entrance, 150. 15. E. Lat. 22. 21. S.
SHOKET, a village of Syria, in the pachalic of Damascus, on the Orontes, 140 miles north of Damascus.
SHOLAPOOR, a town and district of Hindustan, province of Bejapoor, situated in about the 18th degree of latitude. The town is 125 miles south-east from Poorat. Long. 75. 40. E. Lat. 17. 43. N.
SHOLAVANDEN, a town of Southern India, district of Madura, ten miles north-west from the town of Madura. Long. 78. 10. E. Lat. 9. 50. N.
SHORE, a place which is washed by the sea, or by some large river.

Count Marsigli divides the sea-shore into three portions; the first of which is that tract of land which the sea just reaches in storms and high tides, but which it never covers; the second part of the shore is that which is covered in high tides and storms, but is dry at other times; and the third is the descent from this, which is always covered with water.

The first part is only a continuation of the continent, and suffers no alteration from the neighbourhood of the sea, except that it is rendered fit for the growth of some plants, and wholly unfit for that of others, by the saline steams and impregnations; and it is scarcely to be conceived by any but those who have observed it, how far on land the effects of the sea can reach, so as to make the earth proper for plants which will not grow without this influence; there being several plants frequently found upon high hills and dry places, at three, four, and more miles from the sea, which yet would not grow unless in the neighbourhood of it, nor will they ever be found elsewhere.

The second part or portion of the shore is much more affected by the sea than the former, being frequently washed and beaten by it. Its productions are rendered salt by the water, and it is covered with sand, or with the fragments of shells in the form of sand, and in some places with a tar-tarous matter deposited from the water. The colour of this whole extent of ground is usually dusky and dull, especially where there are rocks and stones covered with a slimy matter.

The third part of the shore is more affected by the sea than either of the others; and it is covered with an uniform crust of the true nature of the bottom of the sea, except that plants and animals have their residence in it, and the decayed parts of these alter it a little.

Shore, Jane, the celebrated mistress of Edward IV., was the wife of Matthew Shore, a goldsmith in Lombard-street, London. Historians represent her as extremely beautiful, remarkably cheerful, and of most uncommon generosity. The king, it is said, was no less captivated with her temper than with her person. She never made use of her influence to prejudice any person; and if ever she importuned him, it was in favour of the unfortunate. After the death of Edward, she attached herself to Lord Hastings; and when Richard III. cut off that nobleman as an obstacle to his ambitious schemes, Jane Shore was arrested as an accomplice, on the ridiculous accusation of witchcraft. This, however, terminated only in a public penance, excepting that Richard rifled her of all her little property; but whatever severity might have been exercised towards her, it appears that she was alive, though sufficiently wretched, under the reign of Henry VIII., when Sir Thomas More saw her, poor, old, and shrivelled, without the least trace of her former beauty. Mr. Rowe, in his tragedy of Jane Shore, has adopted the popular story related in the old historical ballad, of her perishing by hunger in a place where Shoreditch now stands. But Stow assures us, that that street was so named before her time.
SHOREHAM, a town of the county of Sussex, in the rape of Brember and hundred of Fishergate, fifty-six miles from London. It stands on the river Adar, about a mile from the sea, and has a bridge over that river, It has a custom-house, which presides over that at Brighton. The harbour is not deep, but useful as shelter, when the wind is high, for vessels unloading on the beach at Brighton, although there is scarcely any water when the tide is out. It is an ancient place, ill built, with few good houses. The church is old, and was originally monastic. It is a borough, which, on account of bribery in 1771, was extended, to comprehend all the forty shilling freeholders of the rape on which it stands, and still continues to elect two members to the House of Commons. There is some trade in building ships, and a considerable oyster fishery. A market, well supplied, is also held on Saturday. The population was, in 1801, 987; in 1811, 980; in 1821, 1282; and in 1831, 1734.