pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
MARETS, Samuel de, one of the most celebrated divines of the reformed church, was born in Picardy in the year 1599. In 1620 he was settled in the church of Laon; butin 1624 he accepted a call to that of Sedan, to succeed James Cappel in the office of pastor and professor of divinity. Having soon afterwards obtained leave of absence from his flock, he visited Holland, where he was admitted to the degree of doctor of divinity at Leyden, in 1625. From Holland he made a voyage to England, and, after a short stay in that country, returned to Sedan, where he commenced his labours in the divinity chair. These he continued for about seven years with reputation to himself. but not without being sometimes involved in troubles, which he bore with commendable resolution. In 1631, he was made chaplain to the army of the Duke de Bouillon in Holland; but that nobleman having married a Roman Catholic lady, Μ. de Marets advised him to adhere steadily to the Protestant faith, on which account he incurred the displeasure of the duchess. Thus circumstanced, he received, in 1636, an invitation to become pastor to the church of Bois-le-Due, with which he complied; and in the following year he was appointed professor of the Schola Illustris of the same city. The duties of this office he discharged with such diligence and success, that in 1640 the curators of the universit∖ ’ of Franeker sent him the offer of a professorship, which he declined; but two years afterwards he accepted a similar offer from the university of Groningen, to which his services were devoted for upwards of thirty years. In 1652, he was made sole minister of the Walloon church at Groningen, where until that time he had gratuitously preached once every Sunday to assist the pastor. Influenced by the fame of his extraordinary merits, the magistrates of Berne, in 1661, offered him the chair of professor of divinity at Lausanne, with considerable emoluments; but he declined this offer; and his death happened before he took possession of a similar charge at Leyden, of which he had accepted. His System of Divinity is exceedingly methodical, and has been made use of at other academies. At the end of it may be found a chronological list of all his works. Their number is prodigious, and their variety shows the extent of his labour, if not the strength of his talents.
MARGAM, a town of Wales, in the county of Glamorgan and hundred of Newcastle, 187 miles from London. It stands at the foot of a high mountain, where once stood a Cistertian abbey, supposed to have been erected in 1147 by William, duke of Gloucester. The ruins still exist, but one part is entire, a circular apartment, twelve feet in diameter, with twelve pointed windows, and the roof resting on a single pillar in the ceqtre. The population of Margam amounted in 1801 to 1809, in 1811 to 1803, in 1821 to 2047, and in 1831 to 2902.
MARGARET, St, a celebrated virgin, who, as is commonly supposed, received the crown of martyrdom at Antioch in the year 275. The manner of her death is not known. The ancient martyrologists make no mention of her name, and she did not become famous till the eleventh century.
MARGARITA, an island off the coast of Colombia, in South America, situated in 64. west longitude and 11. 30. north latitude. It is about thirty-five leagues in circumference, generally of a mountainous nature, little cultivated, and chiefly valued on account of the pearl fisheries on the coast. A ridge of impassable mountains extends through its centre from one extremity to the other, across which there is but one road, cut by the natives, with a drawbridge at the summit of the mountain, which, when let down, admits only a single file of men to pass at a time. The valleys are the only parts cultivated, the rest of the island being extremely barren. The principal productions are the sugar cane, which grows in great abundance, the cotton plant, tobacco, the cassava root, of which a coarse bread is made, maize or Indian corn, and a variety of tropical fruits. Part of the soil is fertile, and affords very good pasturage, but the whole island is destitute of water, which the inhabitants are obliged to transport from the mainland. The natives are a brave and hospitable race, eager to perform any office of kindness to strangers. They are addicted to no excesses, but are hardy, abstemious, and showed great courage in the defence of their country during the war of the revolution. The principal wealth of the island consists in the pearl fisheries, which are worked by negroes. Considerable quantities of turtle are found; and there is an immense number of fish, which are salted, and find a ready market upon the continent. They weave an extremely fine cotton cloth, which is considered as an object of luxury. The principal towns are, Pampatar, situated on the side next the mainland, and Juan Griego, situated on the opposite side. They are of no extent, and are principally inhabited by persons engaged in the fisheries. During the war of independence, this island was considered of great importance as a military station, from its affording a secure rendezvous for either troops or ships. Accordingly many endeavours were made by the Spanish government to recover it. In 1816 General Morillo landed with a force of 17,000 men, but it was so bravely defended[7:14:246] by the inhabitants, that he was obliged to evacuate it, with the loss of upwards of 10,000 men. By these attacks , the population was greatly reduced, but it still amounts to about 15,000.

The Straits of Margarita, or the channel by which the island is separated from Terra Firma, is about twenty-four miles broad. From the rocky island of Coche, lying between it and the mainland, it is not navigable in its whole length, there being left only a narrow pass of about six miles, which, however, is seldom dangerous, owing to the calmness which generally prevails in this part of the Caribbean Sea.
MARGATE, a town of the county of Kent, in the parish of St John and the liberty of Dover, seventy-two miles from London. It stands on the sea-shore, on the northernmost point of the Isle of Thanet. It was originally a fishing village, but has gradually risen to its present importance, from having become a bathing place of considerable celebrity, owing to its easy access from the metropolis. It rises from the shore with a most imposing aspect as viewed from the sea. Some of the streets, crescents, and buildings are handsome; and the machines for bathing, as well as the permanent baths, are appropriate. The hotels, lodging-houses, libraries, subscription rooms, and public gardens, are well adapted to the purposes of recreation, which is more the object of the numerous visitors than the restoration of health. The steam and sailing packets arrive here from London daily, and even almost hourly; and the conveniences for landing and embarking have been much improved by the erection of a pier, which forms also an agreeable promenade. The assembly room and the theatre are great attractions to the visitors. The police is under the superintendence of the mayor of Dover, and is well conducted. As the country around is fertile, the markets, which are held on Wednesday and Saturday, are abundantly supplied. The population amounted in 1801 to 4766, in 1811 to 6126, in 1821 to 7843, and in 1831 to 10,339; but the census was taken in May, when there are no visitors.
MARGEESEERAH, a town of Hindustan, in the Mysore territories, 110 miles north-north-east from Seringapatam. Long. 77. 23. E. Lat. 13. 55. N.
MARIA, an island on the north coast of New Holland, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, about seven miles in length and from one to four in breadth. Cape Maria, its northern extremity, is in long. 135. 53. E. and lat. 14. 50. N.
MARIA’S Island lies off the east coast of Van Diemen’s Land, in the Great Southern Ocean. Its form is very singular, being penetrated by two deep bays on opposite sides’: that on the east side, called Oyster Bay, being safe and capacious. The coast in some parts is of a singular structure, presenting lofty granitic walls rising 300 or 400 feet perpendicularly above the sea, and being penetrated by deep caverns, into which the sea rolls with a noise resembling distant thunder. The western shore is embarrassed by an immense quantity of sea-weed, which grows from the bottom to the height of 250 or 300 feet, and covers the surface. Seals abound on the shore; and also zoophytes. This island was first discovered by Tasman in 1642. Long, 143. 29. E. Lat. 42. 42. S.
MARIA, Santa, an island on the coast of Chili, situated at the entrance into Conception Bay. It is about four miles in length, and produces abundance of wild turnips, which afford food to the wild horses and hogs, which are numerous here. Lat. 37. 10. S.

Maria, Santa Eé de, a settlement of South America, in the province of Paraguay. It is also the name of various other settlements, dispersed throughout this continent, but they are for the most part inconsiderable, consisting only of scattered families of Indians.

Maria Maggiore, St, a city of the kingdom of Naples, in the province of Terra di Lavoro. It stands on the ruins of the ancient Capua, and contains four churches, and 7860 inhabitants.
MARIAN Islands. See Ladrones.
MARIANNA, a city of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. It was originally only an arraial or station, but in 1711 John V. raised it to the rank of a town, as a reward for its loyalty, and conferred on it the title of loyal town of Cav∙ino. In 1745 the same monarch created it an episcopal city, and gave it the name of his queen, which it now bears. Since that time it has been the residence of the bishop and chapter of Minas Geraes. It is beautifully situated on a plain, and is surrounded by hills, on which are erected several churches. The city is nearly square, and consists of two well-paved streets, regularly laid out, and conducting to a sort of square. The houses, amounting to 500, have a cleanly look, which arises from their being regularly whitewashed. The churches are neatly built, and amongst them is a spacious cathedral, which enjoys high ecclesiastical as well as civil privileges. There is an ample supply of water, which is advantageous to the numerous gardens with which the houses are interspersed. There are here a Carmelite and a Franciscan convent, and a theological seminary, at which most of the clergy of Minas are educated. The chapter is composed of fourteen canons, with twelve chaplains and four choristers. The diocese of the bishop does not extend over the whole province, several of the more northern districts being within the archiepiscopal see of Bahia. On account of the lofty eminences which surround this city, the air is close and hot, and the climate is consequently somewhat unhealthy. The population may amount to about 5000.
MARIA’S Islands, three small islands in the North Pacific Ocean, occupying a space of about forty-two miles. These islands were first visited by Vancouver. Long, of the anchoring place, 253. 45. E. Lat. 21. 28. N.

Marias las très, three small islands lying off the shore of the intendancy of Guadalaxara, in Mexico Wood, water, salt-pits, and game abound, and this causes them to be frequented by the English and American whale-ships. The Spaniards likewise visit them for the purpose of obtaining the flax andlignum-vitae which they produce. The south cape of the most easterly of these islands is in longitude 106. 17. west, and latitude 21. 16. north.
MARIBONE, or St Mary-le-Bone, or rather Borne, from the neighbouring brook, a parish of Middlesex, on the north-west side of London. See London.
MARICABAN, one of the smaller Philippine Islands, situated on the south coast of Lucon. Long. 120. 56. E. Lat. 13. 52. N.
MARIEGALANTE, a small island in the West Indies, discovered by Columbus in 1493, being situated between Dominica and Guadaloupe. About one half of it is mountainous, and it is so thickly covered with wood as to appear nothing but a large forest. The climate is pleasant, and on the western shore, which is level, are produced tobacco, cotton, indigo, and sugar. It was first settled by the French in 1647, yet repeatedly changed masters, having been taken both by the Dutch and the English; but it was finally ceded to France. Like the other islands, it is exposed to violent hurricanes, and, along with Guadaloupe, suffered severely from that which occurred in 1825. It is about forty-two miles in circumference, and contains a population of 11,778, of whom 1555 are whites, and the remainder slaves. Long. 65. 50. W. Lat. 16. N.
MARIENBURG, a city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the circle of Erzgebirge, and bailiwick of Wolkenstein. It is a manufacturing place for cotton and linen goods, and near to it are some mines of silver, and others of tin, extensively worked. It contains 380 houses and 2750 inhabitants. Long. 16. 41. 40. E. Lat. 50. 4. 30. N.

Marienburg, a city of West Prussia, in the government of Dantzig, the capital of a circle of the same name. It stands upon the right bank of the river Nogat, one of the arms of the Vistula, over which there is a bridge 560 feet in length. It is surrounded with walls, and has two suburbs, and contains four Catholic churches and one Lutheran, 690 houses, and 5220 inhabitants. It is a very ancient city, in which the antique hall of the knights of the Teutonic order still remains. Ithasbeen lately fitted up and decorated in accurate keeping with all the historical relations of that institution. It is a place of some trade, especially in corn, feathers, bristles, and other products of the land. Long. 18. 56. 29. E. Lat. 54. 1. 31. N.
MARIENWERDER, one of the governments into which the Prussian province of West Prussia is divided. On the south-east it touches on Poland, but on the other sides it is surrounded by the other dominions of Prussia. It extends over 6936 square miles, and comprehends forty-five cities or walled places, four market-towns, 2078 villages, and 45,969 houses. The inhabitants amounted in 1826 to 436,071, having increased in the preceding ten years no less than 102,597. It is divided into thirteen circles. The capital is the city of the same name, which is finely situated on two small rivers, and connected by a canal with the river Vistula. It is a well-built town, with several good modern houses for the residences of the officers of the provincial government. It contains two Protestant churches, one very elegant, and 428 houses, with 5800 inhabitants. It has some small manufactures of linen and woollen cloth, and several considerable breweries, distilleries, and tanneries. Long. 18. 44. 35. E. Lat. 53. 43. N.
MARINDUGERA, or Marindique, one of the Philippine Islands, about sixty miles in circumference, near to the south coast of Lucon, and thirty miles north-east of Mindoro. Long. 121. 51. E. Lat. 13. 29. N.
MARINE, a general name for the navy of a kingdom or state, as also for the whole economy of naval affairs, or whatever respects the building, rigging, arming, equipping, navigating, and fighting of ships. It comprehends likewise the government of naval armaments, and the state of all the persons employed therein, whether civil or military.
MARINES, or Marine Forces, a body of soldiers raised for the naval service, and trained to fight either in a naval engagement or in an action ashore.
MARINEO, a city of the kingdom of Naples, in the island of Sicily, and province of Mazzaro. It is situated on a gentle elevation, is very healthy, and is watered by the small river Bagaria. It contains 6540 inhabitants.
MARINER’S Compass. See Navigation.
MARINO, St, an independent state of Italy, the smallest of all the sovereignties of Europe, and almost the only one which has maintained its independence and its territory during a period of 1300 years. It is said to have been founded by Marino, a hermit, who chose it for his retreat from the world, and assembled around him a great number of devotees, to whom a pious matron presented a hill and a small circle round it, to which the name of the Anchorite was given. The republic extends over twenty-five square miles, or 16,000 English acres, and, besides the city, comprehends the four villages of Acquaria, Faetano, Feglio, and Serravalle. The city is on the top of a hill, is surrounded by a wall, and is only accessible by a single narrow road. It contains five churches, three convents, and 5500 inhabitants. The government is administered by twelve members chosen out of the assembly of 300 ancients, one of whom is called the capitano, who is changed every three months. The only occupation is agriculture. The population of the state is only 7200. It is under the protection of the pope, and is surrounded by his delegations of Urbino and Pesaro.
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MARION and Crozet’s Islands. These are four islands in the Indian Ocean, discovered by Captains Mar-rion and Crozet, French navigators, in 1772. Long. 32. 11. E. Lat. 46. 45. S.
MARITIMO, an island of the Mediterranean Sea, the westernmost of the Aegades. It is situated at the end of Sicily, and is used as a quarantine station. It has a fort, which is used as a state prison. It is seven miles in circuit, and accessible only on the eastern side, where chiefly reside the inhabitants, who grow corn, collect wax and honey, and cut firewood. Long. 12. 3. 55. E. Lat. 38. 1. 10. N.
MARIVELAS, or Marivelle, one of the smaller Philippine Islands, with a village of the same name consisting of about forty houses. This island gives name to a bay on the west coast of the island of Lucon, well sheltered from all wind except from south to south-east. Long, of the bay 120. 24. E. Lat. 14. 50. N.
MARK, St, was by birth a Jew, and descended of the tribe of Levi. He was converted by some of the apostles, probably by St Peter, of whom he was the constant companion in all his travels, supplying the place of an amanuensis and interpreter. He was sent by St Peter into Egypt, where he fixed his chief residence at Alexandria and the places adjoining, and he was so successful in his ministry that he converted multitudes both of men and women. He afterwards removed westwards, towards the parts of Libya, going through the countries of Marmorica, Pentapolis, and other places, where, notwithstanding the barbarity and idolatry of the inhabitants, he planted the gospel. Upon his return to Alexandria, he arranged the affairs of that church, and there suffered martyrdom. About Easter, at the time when the solemnities of Serapis were celebrated, the idolatrous populaće, excited.to vindicate the honour of their deity, broke in upon St Mark, whilst he was performing divine service, and binding him with cords, dragged him through the streets, and thrust him into prison, where in the night he had the comfort of a divine vision. Next day the enraged multitude used him in the same manner, till he expired under their hands. Some add, that they burned his body, and that the Christians decently interred his remains near the place where he used to preach. This happened in the year of Christ 68. Some writers assert that the remains of St Mark were afterwards translated with great pomp from Alexandria to Venice, of which he was constituted the tutelar saint and patron. This apostle is author of one of the four gospels inscribed with his name.

St Mark’s Gospel, a canonical book of the New Testament, being one of the four gospels. St Mark wrote his gospel at Rome, where he accompanied St Peter in the year of Christ 44. Tertullian and others pretend that St Mark was no more than an amanuensis to St Peter, who dictated this gospel to him; but others affirm that he wrote it after St Peter’s death. Nor are the learned less divided as to the language in which it was written; some affirming that it was composed in Greek, and others in Latin. Several of the ancient heretics received only the gospel of St Mark; and others, amongst the Catholics, rejected the last twelve verses of this gospel. The gospel of St Mark is properly an abridgment of that of St Matthew.
MARKET, a public place in a city or town, in which live cattle, provisions, or other goods, are set out to sale; also a privilege, either by grant or prescription, whereby a town is enabled to keep a market.
MARKIRCH, or, as it is sometimes called, St Maria aux Mines, is a city of the department of the Upper Rhine, in the arrondissement of Colmar, in France. It is divided into two parts by the river Leber, in one of which the French language is spoken, and in the other the German. It is a place of great manufacturing industry, and fabricates much cotton goods, many thin woollens, and much hosiery. It contains 1050 houses and 8200 inhabitants. Some mines, which formerly yielded silver to the amount of 16,000 ounces annually, besides lead and copper, are now closed. Long. 7. 17. Ľ. Lat. 48. 16. N.
MARKLAND, Jeremiah, one of the most learned scholars and acute critics of his age, was born in 1692, and received his education in Christ’s Hospital. He became first publicly known by his Epistola Critica, addressed to Bishop Hare. In this he gave many proofs of extensive erudition and critical sagacity. He afterwards published an edition of Statius, and some plays of Euripides; and he assisted Dr Taylor in his editions of Lysias and Demosthenes, by the notes which he communicated to him. He also very happily elucidated some passages in the New Testament, which may be found in Mr Boyer’s edition of it; and he was author of a volume of valuable remarks on the epistles of Cicero to Brutus, and of an excellent little treatise under the title of Questio Grammatica. He died in 1775, at Milton, near Dorking, in Surrey; and was a man not more valued for his universal reading, than beloved for the excellency of his heart and the primitive simplicity of his manners.
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MARL, a mixture of calcareous, siliceous, and argillaceous earth, much used in agriculture as a manure. See Agriculture.
MARLBOROUGH, a town of the county of Wilts, in the hundred of Selkley, seventy-four miles from London. It is situated on the banks of the river Kennet, in avale between two ranges of the chalk hills, about two miles from the forest sometimes called by the name of the town, but more correctly Savernake Forest. The town consists chiefly of one wide street, with piazzas to the houses on one side of it. It contains two parishes, and a corporation, which consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. It returns two members to the House of Commons. This place conferred the title of duke on the celebrated general who conquered at Blenheim. His palace, at the end of the town, has been converted into an inn. The population amounted in 1801 to 2367, in 1811 to 2579, in 1821 to 3038, and in 1831 to 3426.
MARLIN, in naval affairs, is a tarred white skein or long wreath of untwisted hemp, dipped in pitch or tar, with which cables or other ropes are wrapped round, to prevent their fretting or rubbing in the blocks or pulleys through which they pass.
MARLOW, Great, a town of the county of Buckingham, in the hundred of Desborough, thirty-one miles from London. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames, over which a fine stone bridge has been recently erected. Near to it are some very extensive copper works, and in the town are some manufactories of lace; and on the Lodden, between this place and Wycombe, arc several paper mills. It is a borough, which did and still continues to elect two members to the House of Commons. The market is held on Saturday. The population amounted in 1801 to 3236, in 1811 to 3963, in 1821 to 3763, and in 1831 to 4237.
MARLY, a town of the department of the Seine and Oise, and arrondissement of Versailles, in France. It is near the left bank of the Seine, and celebrated for its machinery, by which Versailles is supplied with water. A most splendid castle was built here by Louis XIV., which has been converted into a cloth manufactory. It contains 320 houses and 1250 inhabitants.
MARMALADE, aconfection of plums, apricos, quinces, &c. boiled up to a consistence with sugar. In Scotland it is made of oranges and sugar only.