pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
DAEDALA, a mountain and city of Lycia, where, according to Pliny, Daedalus was buried; and also two festivals in Boeotia, so called. One of these was observed by the Plataeans at Alalcomenos, in a large grove, where they exposed in the open air pieces of boiled flesh, and carefully noticed whither the crows which came to prey upon these directed their flight. All the trees upon which any i of the birds alighted were immediately cut down, and out of them statues were formed, called Ooedala, in honour of Daedalus. The other festival was of a more solemn kind. It was celebrated every sixty years throughout all the cities of Boeotia, as a compensation for the intermission of the smaller festivals, during that number of years, on account of the exile of the Plataeans. Fourteen of the statues called Doedala were distributed by lot among the Plataeans, Le-badaeans, Coroneans, Orchomenians, Thespians, Thebans, Tanagraeans, and Chaeroneans, because they had effected a reconciliation among the Plataeans, and caused them to be recalled from exile about the time that Thebes was restored by Cassander the son of Antipater. During this festival a woman in the habit of a bridemaid accompanied a statue which was dressed in female garments, to the banks of the Eurotas. This procession was attended to the top of Mount Cithaeron by many of the Boeotians, who had places assigned them by lot. Here an altar of square pieces of wood cemented together like stones was erected, and upon it were thrown large quantities of combustible materials. Afterwards a bull was sacrificed to Jupiter, and an ox or heifer to Juno, by every one of the cities of Boeotia, and by the most opulent who attended. The poorer citizens offered small cattle; and all these oblations, together with the Daedala, were thrown into the common heap, set on fire, and totally reduced to ashes. The origin of the observance was this: When Juno, after a quarrel with Jupiter, had retired to Euboea, and refused to return to his bed, the god, anxious for her return, went to consult Cithaeron, king of Plataea, in order to find some effectual measure for breaking her obstinacy. Cithaeron advised him to dress a statue in woman’s apparel, carry it in a chariot, and publicly report that it was Plataea, the daughter of Asopus, whom he was going to marry. The advice was followed; and Juno, informed of her husband’s approaching marriage, repaired in haste to meet the chariot, and was easily united to him, when she discovered the artful measures which he made use of to effect a reconciliation.
DAEDALUS, an Athenian, the son of Eupalamus, was descended from Erechtheus, king of Athens. He was the most ingenious artist of his age; and to him we are indebted for the invention of the wedge and many other mechanical instruments, as also the sails of ships. He made statues which moved of themselves, and seemed to be endowed with life. Talus, his sister’s son, promised to become as great as his uncle by the ingenuity of his inventions; and therefore from envy the latter threw him down from a window and killed him. After the murder of this youth, Daedalus, together with his son Icarus, fled from Athens to Crete, where Minos, king of the country, gave him a cordial reception. Daedalus constructed a famous labyrinth for Minos, and assisted Pasiphae the queen to gratify an unnatural passion. For this action Daedalus justly incurred the displeasure of Minos, who ordered him to be confined in the labyrinth which he had constructed. Here he made himself wings with feathers and wax, and carefully fitted them to his body and that of his son, who was the companion of his confinement; and having threaded their way out of the labyrinth, they took their flight in the air from Crete; but the heat of the sun melted the wax on the wings of Icarus, whose flight was too high, and he fell into that part of the ocean which from him was afterwards called the Icarian Sea. The father, by a proper management of his wings, alighted at Cumae, where he built a temple to Apollo, and thence directed his course to Sicily, where he was kindly received by Cocalus, who then reigned over part of the country. He left many monuments of his ingenuity in Sicily, which still existed in the age of Diodorus Siculus. At last he was dispatched by Cocalus, from terror of the power of Minos, who had declared war against him because he had given an asylum to Daedalus. The flight of Daedalus from Crete with wings is explained by observing that he was the inventor of sails, which in his age might pass at a distance for wings. He lived about 1400 years before the Christian era. There were two statuaries of the same name; one of Sicyon, son of Patroclus, and the other a native of Bithynia.
DAGELET’S Island, in the Sea of Japan, was so named by La Perouse, who landed there in 1787. It is about nine miles in circumference, of the most precipitous aspect, being environed, except at some small sandy creeks, with a rampart of bare rocks as perpendicular as a wall. Perouse’s men saw in some of these creeks boats resembling those of the Chinese in their construction, but the carpenters all fled into the forest as soon as they saw the French navigators doubling the west point of the island. Perouse conjectured that they resorted thither from Corea, which is not more than sixty miles distant, for the purpose of building boats, which they sell on the continent. The island is covered in the highest part with wood. Long. 131. 22. E. Lat. 37. 25. N.
DAGHESTAN, a country of Asia, on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, lying between the rivers Koisin and Rubas. It is about 134 miles in length, by between thirty and forty in breadth. It is almost entirely mountainous, as its name, Daghestan, implies, the plain that runs along the shore being a narrow strip. It is usually divided into the following small states, namely, Lesgestan, Schamgal, the khanship of Derbund, and the domain of Tabasseran. Lesgestan is a stupendous range of mountains running in a south-east direction, of great length, but inconsiderable in breadth, and forming the whole north-east frontier of Georgia. The inhabitants are a wild and savage banditti, divided into different tribes, whose habitations arc secluded in the depths of the mountains, on the loftiest summits, or on the most frightful precipices. The country is rugged and impracticable; the soil is scanty; and the level ground being insufficient to enable the proprietor to raise the means of subsistence, he increases the surface to the very summit of the heights, by graduated terraces. Those rude tribes of the mountains are the terror and the scourge of all the neighbouring countries, as they sally down from their mountains, ’ laying waste the villages, and carrying off or murdering the inhabitants. They are said to be Mahommedans; but such is their ignorance that they never change the object of their veneration, which is either the sun, moon, or stars. They are lightly dressed, according to the custom of the Tartars, and are armed with a gun, pistols, dagger, and sabre. Their women surpass in beauty all the females of Mount Caucasus, and fetch the highest prices in the markets of Constantinople. The other districts are of the same mountainous character; that of Tabasseran is covered with wood; but the valleys are beautiful and fertile. All over the country are the ruins of many forts, built by some unsuccessful rebel, and left to decay as soon as he was quelled. At one time, according to Morier, the country[7:7:587] was more prosperous, but it has been long declining. It contains many places without inhabitants, or such only as are the wretched remains of the former flourishing families. Nadir Shah was obliged to withdraw his forces from this country in 1743, leaving it unsubdued. The Russians claim the dominion over it, but their sway is not acknowledged by the inhabitants. It has in later times been a scene of contest between them and the Persians.
DAGO, an island in the Baltic, belonging to the Russian province Esthonia, and situated between 58. 42. and 59. 47. north latitude, and 31. 43. and 33. 5. east longitude. It is generally a hilly spot, with large woods, but on the south some poor sandy land, and on the east side some fruitful soil, yield corn, flax, and hemp. It is 220 square miles in extent, with three parishes, and about 19,000 inhabitants.
DAGON, the false god of Ashdod, or, as the Greeks call him, Azotos. He is commonly represented as a monster, half man and half fish; whence most learned men derive his name from the Hebrew dag, which signifies a fish. Those who consider him to have been the inventor of bread corn, derive his name from the Hebrew dagon, which signifies frumentum ; whence Philo Biblius calls him Zsu; Agaψ∕θi, Jupiter Aratrius.

This deity continued to have a temple at Ashdod duringall the ages of idolatry, till the time of the Maccabees; for the author of the first book of Maccabees tells us that “Jonathan, one of the Maccabees, having beaten the army of Apollonius, Demetrius’s general, they fled to Azotus, and entered into Bethdagon (the temple of their idoD; but that Jonathan set fire to Azotus, and burnt the temple of Dagon and all those who had fled into it.”

According to some, Dagon was the same with Jupiter, according· to others, with Saturn; according to others, again, he was identical with Venus, but according to most, with Neptunc.
DAHALAK, or Dahlak, an island in the Red Sea, off the coast of Abyssinia, nearly opposite to Massuah. It is about twenty-five miles in length, and twelve in breadth. It was once populous, and carried on a considerable trade. The principal port was called Dahalak-el-Kibar; and vestiges of its former importance still remain, but the water is scarcely sufficient to admit small vessels. There is still, however, a little trade between the island and Massuah.
DAHHI, a large village of Arabia, in the country of Yemen, which has a mosque and the tomb of a saint. The inhabitants are engaged in making bricks and in tanning leather. They also prepare indigo, which is used for dyeing throughout Yemen, that being the favourite colour. Forty-six miles south-east of Loheia.
DAILLE, John, a Protestant minister near Paris, was ŋne of the most learned divines of the seventeenth century, and the most esteemed by the Catholics of all the controversial writers among the Protestants. He was tutor to two of the grandsons of the illustrious Μ. du Plessis Mornay. Μ. Daillé having lived fourteen years with so excellent a master, travelled into Italy with his two pupils, one of whom died abroad; but with the other he visited Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Flanders, Holland, and England, and returned in 1621. He was received as minister in 1623, and first exercised his office in the family of Μ. du Plessis Mornay; but this did not last long, for his patron died soon afterwards. The memoirs of this great man employed Μ. Daillé the following year. In 1625 he was appointed minister of the church of Saumur, and in 1626 removed to Paris. He spent all the rest of his life in the service of this last church, and composed several works. His first production is his masterpiece, and is really an excellent work, entitled Of the Use of the Fathers, printed 1631. It is a strong chain of reasoning, and forms a moral demonstration against those who would have religious disputes decided by the authority of the fathers. The works of Daillé were numerous. He died in 1670, aged seventy-seven.
DAIR EL KAMAR, or the House of the Moon, a town of Syria, situated on a small rivulet, a branch of the Da-mauna. It is an extensive place, but ill built, and contains the palace of the emir or prince of the Druses, which is a spacious but ruinous edifice. The inhabitants, who amount to 1500 or 1800, are Greek Catholics, Maronites, and Druses. Eighteen miles north-east of Saide.
DAIRI, or Dairo, in the history of Japan, is the sovereign pontiff of the Japanese, or, according to Kaempfer, the hereditary ecclesiastical monarch of Japan. In effect, the empire of Japan is under two sovereigns, namely, an ecclesiastical one called the dairo, and a secular one who bears the title of kubo. The latter is the emperor, and the former the oracle of the religion of the country.
DAKIR, in our statutes, is used for the twentieth part of a last of hides; According to the statute of 51 Henry III. De compositione ponderum et mensurarum, a last of hides consists of twenty dakirs, and every dakir of ten hides. But by 1 Jac. cap. 33, a last of hides or skins is equal to twelve dozen.
DALACA, an island in the Red Sea, which is said to be very fertile, populous, and remarkable for a pearl fishery. It is probably the same with Daualak, which see.
DALAPIRI, one of the smaller Philippine Islands, about thirty miles in circumference. It lies due north from the large island of Luzon, or Luconia. Long. 121. 20. E. Lat. 19. 15. N.
DALECHAMP, James, a French physician and botanist, was born at Caen, in Normandy, in 1513. He was distinguished for his industry and erudition, both in science and in literature. He wrote notes on Pliny’s Natural History, and translated Athenaeus into Latin. He added thirty plates of rare plants to the Dioscorides of Ruellius, printed in 1552; and after his death appeared his Historia generalis Plantarum, in libros xviii. per certas classes artificiose digesta, Lugd. 1587, two vols. folio. In this work, which is said to have been the labour of thirty years, the author proposed to include all the botanical discoveries previously to his own time, as well as those which he had made himself in the vicinity of Lyons and the Alps. He also published editions of Paulus Aegineta, and Caelius Aurelianus, with notes; besides a work on surgery, and another De Peste, in three books. He practised physic at Lyons from 1552 to 1558, when he died, at the advanced age of seventy-five.
D’ALEMBERT. See Alembert.
DALKEITH, a town of Scotland, in the county of Edinburgh. It is situated on a narrow strip of land between the two Esks, the banks of which are beautifully wooded, and embellished with the seats of families of the first distinction. The origin of Dalkeith is referred to a respectable antiquity, having gradually risen into existence from the proximity of a castle long known as one of the chief baronial strongholds south of the Forth. The town has been very much improved in appearance within the last thirty years. It is tolerably well built, and the principal street is spacious. In it stands the town-church, an old Gothic edifice, partly in ruins. It was originally the chapel of the castle, and in 1406 was raised to the dignity of a collegiate church; but after the Reformation it became the parish kirk. Besides the established church, there are several dissenting meeting houses. Dalkeith is the largest country town in the county of Edinburgh. It is chiefly supported by an industrious population in the near neighbourhood, employed at the collieries, which are numerous, or in agriculture. Besides all the common trades, there are manufactories of leather and candles, an iron foundery, and a brewery. The largest market for grain in Scotland is held here every Thursday; also a meal market on the Mondays, and one for fat cattle and sheep on the Tuesdays; and there is likewise an annual fair for horses in May. The town has an excellent subscription library, a grammar school, and a number of beneficent and religious associations, with a poor-house for the destitute. Dalkeith is a burgh of barony under the Duke of Buccleuch, who appoints a bailie to superintend its affairs. The seat of that nobleman is in the immediate neighbourhood. It is erected on the site of an ancient castle which belonged to the Regent Morton, who suffered in 1581. The trade of the town is assisted by branches of the National, Commercial, [7:7:595]and Leith Banks. The population of the town and parish amounted in 1821 to 5169, and in 1831 to 5586.
DALMOW, a town of Hindustan, in the province of 0ude, situated on the north-east side of the Ganges, forty-seven miles from Lucknow. Some handsome pagodas are on the banks of the river, and also a fort of some extent. Long. 81. 3. E. Lat. 26. 3. N.
DALTON, a town of the hundred of Lonsdale, in the county of Lancaster, 266 miles from London. It is situated on a limestone rock on the sea shore. There is a market here on Saturdays. The inhabitants amounted in 1821 to 2446, and in 1831 to 2697.

Dalton, John, D. D. an eminent divine and poet, was the son of the Reverend John Dalton, rector of Dean, near Whitehaven in Cumberland, where he was born in 1709. He was educated at Queen’s College, Oxford, and became tutor or governor to Lord Beauchamp, only son of the Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset, during which time he adapted Milton’s admirable Mask of Cornus to the stage, by a judicious insertion of several songs and different passages selected from other works of Milton, as well as of several songs and other elegant additions of his own, suited to the characters and to the manner of the original author. During the run of this piece he industriously sought out a grand-daughter of Milton’s, who was then oppressed with age and poverty, and procured her a benefit, the profits'of which amounted to a very considerable sum. He was promoted by the king to a prebend of Worcester, where he died on the 22d of July 1763. Besides the above, he wrote a descriptive poem, addressed to two ladies at their return from viewing the coal mines near Whitehaven, and Remarks on twelve historical designs of Rafl’aelle, and the Museum Groecum et Aegyptiacum.
DAM, a boundary or confinement, as to dam up or dam out. Hence infra damnum suum means within the bounds or limits of his own property or jurisdiction.
DAMAR, an extensive open town of Arabia, in the country of Yemen, and the capital of a district. It has a large castle, and also a university, which, according to Niebuhr,' contained five hundred persons, who were taught to read the Koran. It contains five thousand houses. It is fifty-six miles north from Sana, and ninety-four north-east from Mocha. Long. 44. 12. E. Lat. 14. 32. N.
DAMASCENUS, John, an illustrious father of the church in the eighth century, born at Damascus, where his father, though a Christian, enjoyed the office of counsellor of state to the Saracen caliph, to which the son succeeded. He retired afterwards to the monastery of St Sabas, and spent the remainder of his life in writing books of divinity. His works have often been printed; but the Paris edition of 1712, in two volumes folio, is esteemed the best.
DAMASCIUS, a celebrated heathen philosopher, born at Damascus in the year 540, when the Goths reigned in Italy. He wrote the life of his master Isidorus, and dedicated it to Theodora, a learned and philosophical lady, who had also been a pupil to Isidorus. In this life, which was copiously written, he frequently made oblique attacks on the Christian religion. We have nothing remaining of it, however, except some extracts preserved by Photius. Damascius succeeded Theon in the rhetorical school, and Isidorus in that of philosophy, at Athens.
DAMASK, a sort of silken stuff, having some parts rising above the ground, representing flowers or other figures. Damask should be of dressed silks, both in warp and woof. It derives its name from having been originally brought from Damascus, in Syria.

Damask is also a kind of wrought linen, made in Flanders, and so called because its large flowers resemble those of damasks. It is chiefly used for tables; and a table-cloth with a dozen of napkins are called a damask service. Damask is also applied to a very fine steel, prepared in some parts of the Levant, particularly at Damascus, in Syria, whence its name. It is used for sword and cutlass blades, and is finely tempered.
DAMASKEENING, or Damasking, the art or operation of beautifying iron, steel, and some other metals, by making incisions therein, and filling them up with gold or silver. It is chiefly used for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, and the like.

Damaskeening partakes of the mosaic, of engraving, and of carving. Like the mosaic, it has inlaid work; like engraving, it cuts the metal, representing divers figures; and, as in chasing, gold and silver are wrought in relief. There are two ways of damasking; the one, which is the finest, is when the metal is cut deep with proper instruments, and inlaid with gold and silver wire; the other is superficial only.
DAMAUN, a sea-port of Hindustan, on the western coast of the province of Aurungabad. It is a considerable place, though the commerce is now much reduced; and it makes a conspicuous figure from the sea, the churches and houses being all white. The Parsees have a temple here, in which they pretend that the sacred fire brought with them from Persia nearly twelve hundred years ago is still burning. Ship-building to a considerable extent is here earned on, the teak forests being at no great distance. The harbour is convenient for small vessels, there being nearly seventeen feet of water over the bar. This place was taken by the Portuguese in 1531, and it still remains in their possession. Long. 73. 1. E. Lat. 20. 22. N.
DAMBACH, a town of the department of the Lower Rhine, in France, at the foot of the Vosges Mountains, on the river Seheer, containing 2761 inhabitants.
DAMELOPRE, a kind of bilander, used in Holland for conveying merchandise from one canal to another, and very commodious for passing under the bridges.
DAMGAN, a town of Persia, in the province of Khorassan. It is supposed to have been the ancient Heeatom-pylos, for some time the metropolis of the Parthian empire. It is the chief town of a district of the same name, situated in a spacious plain, famous for a vietory gained by Nadir Shah over the Afghans. Long. 53. 36. E. Lat. 35. 50. N.
DAMIANISTS, in Ecclesiastical History, a branch of the ancient Aeephali-severitae. They agreed with the Catholics in admitting the sixth council, but disowned any distinction of persons in the Godhead, and professed one single nature, incapable of any difference; yet they called God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
DAMIANO, St, a town of Italy, in the province Coni, of the kingdom of Sardinia. It stands on the river Maira, and contains 1498 inhabitants.
DAMMARTIN, a town of France, in the department of the Seine and Marne, with 340 houses, and 1950 inhabitants.
DAMME, a town of the duchy of Oldenburg, in Germany, containing 967 inhabitants. It was a district held in common between Hanover and Oldenburg till the year 1816, when it was conveyed to the latter state.
DAMNII, anciently a people of Britain, situated between the Selgovae to the south and the Caledonii to the north. Now Clydesdale.
DAMOCLES, one of the flatterers of Dionysius the Elder of Sicily. He admired the tyrant’s wealth, and pronounced him the happiest man on earth. Dionysius prevailed upon him to undertake for a while the charge of royalty, and be convinced of the happiness which a sovereign enjoyed. Damoeles ascended the throne, and whilst he gazed upon the wealth and splendour which surrounded him, he perceived a sword suspended over his head by a horse hair. This so terrified him that all his imaginary felicity vanished at once, and he begged Dionysius to remove him from a situation which exposed his life to such fears and dangers.
DAMON, the name of several illustrious ancients, particularly of a Pythagorean philosopher very intimate with Pythias. When he had been condemned to death by Dionysius, he obtained from the tyrant leave to go and settle his domestic affairs, on promise of returning at a stated hour to the place of execution. Pythias pledged himself to undergo the punishment which was to be inflicted on Damon, should he not return in time, and he consequently delivered himself into the hands of the tyrant. Damon returned at the appointed moment, and Dionysius was so struck with the fidelity of those two friends, that having remitted the punishment, he entreated them to [7:7:610]permit him to share their friendship and enjoy their con* fidence.