pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
OTHO, Μ. Salvius, a Roman emperor, born in the year 32, and of a family which claimed descent from the ancient kings of Etruria. Being among the number of Nero’s favourites, he was raised to the highest offices of the state, and made governor of Pannonia, by the interest of Seneca, who wished to remove him from Rome, lest Nero’s love for Poppaea should prove his ruin. After Nero’s death, Otho conciliated the favour of Galba, the new emperor; but when he failed to gain his point, and Galoa refused to adopt him as his successor, he resolved to make himself absolute, without any regard to the age or dignity of his benefactor. The great debts which he had contracted encouraged his avarice; and having procured the assassination of Galba, he made himself emperor. He was acknowledged by the senate and the Roman people; but the sudden revolt of Vitellius in Germany rendered his situation very precarious, and it was resolved that their respective pretensions to the empire should be decided by arms. Otho obtained three victories; but in a general engagement near Brixellum, his forces were defeated, and he stabbed himself when all hopes of success had vanished. This happened in the thirty-seventh year of his age, after a reign of about three months. It has been justly observed, that the last moments of Otho’s life were those of a philosopher. He comforted his soldiers, who lamented his fortune, expressing his concern for their safety; and he observed, that it was better one man should die than that all should be involved in ruin on account of his obstinacy. His nephew was deeply affected, and feared exceedingly the resentment of the conqueror; but Otho comforted him by observing that Vitellius would be kind [7:16:670]and affectionate to his friends and relations, since, in the time of their greatest enmity, the mother of Vitellius had received the most friendly treatment at his hands. He also burned all letters which, by falling into the hands of Vitellius, might provoke his resentment against those who had favoured the cause of an unfortunate aspirant to empire. These noble and humane sentiments in a man who was the associate of Nero’s disgraceful pleasures, and who had stained his hands with the blood of his master, have appeared to some wonderful, and have passed with others for mere craft and policy, rather than the suggestions of a naturally virtuous and benevolent heart. His father was a favourite of Claudius.
OTLEY, a town of the west riding of Yorkshire, in the wapentake of Skrack, 205 miles from London, and ten from Leeds, with a market on Tuesday. It is situated in a beautiful valley on the river Wharffe. The parish is very extensive, containing three chapelries and ten townships. The population of the town amounted in 1801 to 2332, in 1811 to 2602, in 1821 to 3065, and in 1831 to 3161. That of the parish, at the last census, amounted to 10,163.
OTODINI, ancient Britons, who, as some suppose, occupied the countries now called Northumberland, Merse, and the Lothians, to the north-east of the Brigantes. As the Otodini are not mentioned by any of the Roman historians, and noticed only by Ptolemy, it is consequently uncertain whether they formed a distinct and independent state, or were united with the Brigantes. They were a considerable people, however, and possessed a long tract of the sea-coast, from the river Tyne to the Frith of Forth. Their name is derived by Baxter from the old British words Ot o dineu, signifying “a high and rocky shore and thus descriptive enough of their country. They were probably reduced by Agricoa at the same time with their more powerful neighbours the Brigantes; but as they lived without the wall of Severus, they were, like the rest of the Maeatae, engaged in frequent revolts. In the most perfect state of the Roman government in this island, the country of the Otodini formed a part of the Roman province called Valentia, which comprehended the large tract between the two walls. As this province was never long in the peaceable possession of the Romans, the latter had but few stations in the country of the Otodini, except those along the line of the wall of Severus. Various authors have derived the name of this people in various ways, and it is very differently spelled; and different opinions seem still to be entertained amongst the learned respecting their real situation. Indeed it is even doubtful whether their country was in England or in Scotland.
OTRAHERMANA, La, a small island in the Eastern Seas, near the west coast of Lucon. Long. 120. 6. E. Lat. 15. 55. N.
OTRANTO, a province of the kingdom of Naples, on the Italian continent. It is the north-eastern corner of the kingdom, a kind of peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea, extending in north latitude from 39. 47. to 40. 48., and in east longitude from 16. 44. to 18. 41. The other boundaries on the land side are, on the north-west Bari, and on the south-west Basilicata. It is 1650 square miles in extent, and contains 292,100 inhabitants, of whom about 40,000 are said to be Arnauts and Greeks. A continuation of the Apennine chain runs through the centre of the province, but none of the points are very lofty, and they gradually decline in height till they terminate in the sea at Cape Leuca. On both sides of this ridge the land is of moderate quality, chiefly of a calcareous and clayey mixture; and when well fallowed, which, from a scarcity of manure, is the common practice, yields good crops of the common kinds of grain, and abundance of all sorts of pulse. Near to the shore, tobacco, cotton of a good qua lity, and much liquorice, are grown; and on the sides of the hills some very strong, if not well-flavoured wine, is produced, and also much olive oil. Silk is neglected, although the soil and climate are favourable to mulberry trees. Honey and wax are obtained in every village in plenty. There are no minerals, and the manufactures are insignificant. The chief city is Lecce.
OTTAJANO, a city of Italy, in the province Terra di Lavoro, in the kingdom of Naples. It is a large place, in a district producing considerable quantities of silk and olive oil, and abundant crops of corn. It contains three parish churches, and, including the adjacent village, 14,200 inhabitants.
OTTERBURN, a township in the parish of Eilsdon, of the county of Northumberland, and ward of Coquetdale, 308 miles from London, and thirty-two from Newcastle. It is remarkable for the battle fought there in +fl88 r between Henry Percy, usually called Hotspur, and the Earl of Douglas, a conflict which gave rise to the ancient ballad of Chevy Chase. It is on the north side of the Cheviot Hills, and the population amounts to about 400.
OTTERY, St Mary, a market-town of Devonshire, in the hundred of the same name, and 167 miles from London. It is situated on the river Otter, has a market which is held on Tuesday, some trade in making serges, and some in pillow-lace. In 1801 the population amounted to 2415, in 1811 to 2880, in 1821 to 3522, and in 1831 to 3849.
OTTICOTTA, a town of Hindustan, in the Carnatic, thirty-three miles north-east from Madras. Long. 81. 1. E. Lat. 13.21. N.
OTUNGURRA, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bahar, and district of Chuta Nagpore. Long. 85.42. E. Lat. 23. N.
OTWEILER, a city of Prussia, in the province of the Lower Rhine, in the government of Treves. It is the capital of a circle of the same name, which extends over 178 square miles, and comprehends three towns and forty-seven communes, with 17,500 inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Blies, and contains two churches, 320 houses, and 2730 inhabitants, who are employed in making cloth, and some china-ware.
OUCH, a very ancient town of Hindustan, in the province of Moultan, the capital of a district, and probably the Oxydracae of the Greeks. It is situated between the river Indus and the Sutlege or Hyphasis, and within the territories of the Bahawulpoor rajah. It is seventy-five miles south by west from the city of Moultan. Long. 70. 50. E. Lat. 29. 11. N
OUDANULLA, a small town of Bengal, in the district of Rajemahl, situated at the foot of a range of hills which approach near to the western bank of the Ganges. Near the town are the remains of a handsome stone bridge, a very fine specimen of modern Mahommedan architecture, built by the Sultan Sujah between 1640 and 1660. It was near this place that Major Andrews, in 1764, attacked and gallantly stormed the entrenched camp of the Nabob Cossim Ally. Long. 87. 45. E. Lat. 24. 55. N.
OUDENARDE, a circle of the province of East Flanders, in Belgium, divided into eight cantons and 119 communes, and containing 156,500 inhabitants. The capital is the city of that name, situated in a fertile valley on the banks of the Scheldt. It is well built, and contains 950 houses, with 5300 inhabitants, who carry on extensive manufactures of fine linen. Lat. 50. 50. 40. N.
OUDGHIR, a populous village of Hindustan, situated in the province of Bejapore, with a small fort and handsome cypress garden. It is in the nizam’s dominions, and is 115 miles north-west from Hyderabad. Long. 77. 25. E. Lat. 18. 19. N.
OUEINING, a city of China, of the first rank, situated on a fine lake in an extensive plain, surrounded with high mountains. Long. 103. 50. E. Lat. 26. 45. N.
OUE-KIUN, a city of China, of the first rank, in Honan, being situated on a river, in a sandy plain and barren soil.
OUEN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Tchekiang, situated on a river, with a good harbour. Long. 129. 29. E. Lat. 28. 1. N.
OUFA, a considerable city of Asiatic Russia, and capital of the government of Orenburg. It is situated on the banks of the Belaia, near its junction with the Oufa; part of it is a species of hollow resembling a cavern, and its site is intersected by numerous torrents and ravines. It was built in 1573, by the Czar Ivan Vassilievitch, as a station to collect the tribute of the Baschkirs, and as a barrier against the inroads of the Kirghisses. It was once fortified; but the fortifications have now fallen into decay, the danger of invasion having diminished with the extension of the frontier. This place is the residence of the primate, who bears the title of Archbishop of Orenburg and Oufa. It contains about 1000 houses, and nearly 2500 inhabitants of both sexes. It has seven churches, two convents, one of which is destined for nuns, an academy, and two schools. The surrounding country is fertile, abounding in forests and pastures, and well suited for the rearing of bees; and the Tartars who dwell in the neighbourhood, being the most diligent and industrious cultivators in Siberia, have acquired considerable wealth. It is asserted that there was formerly on the spot where Oufa stands a great Tartar city, the residence of the khans of the Nogais; and this tradition is confirmed by many ancient relics found near the city, amongst which are two mosques built of brick, and several remarkable sepulchral monuments, with Asiatic and Cufic inscriptions. Long. 56. 18. E. Lat. 54. 42. N.

Oufa, a considerable river of Russia, which rises in the Oural Mountains, and falls into the Belaia, near the city of Oufa. Its course is through a mountainous and fertile country; and several of its tributary streams have rich mines of iron on their banks.
OUGHTRED, William, an eminent mathematician, was born at Eton in 1573, and educated in the school there, whence he was elected to King’s College, Cambridge, of which he afterwards became fellow. Being admitted to holy orders, he left the university about the year 1603, and was presented to the rectory of Aldbury, near Guildford in Surrey; and about the year 1628 he was appointed by the Earl of Arundel to instruct his son in the mathematics. He kept a correspondence by letters with some of the most eminent scholars of his time on mathematical subjects; and the most celebrated mathematicians of the age owed most of their skill to him, his house being full of young gentlemen who came from all parts to receive his instruction. It is said that, upon hearing the news of the vote at Westminster for the restoration of Charles II. he expired in a sudden transport of joy, at the age of eighty-eight. He wrote, 1. Clavis Mathematical which was afterwards published in England; 2. A Description of the Double Horizontal Dial; 3. Opuscula Mathematica ; and several other works.
OUKESIMA, an island in the Chinese Sea, near the coast of Tonquin, about thirty miles in circumference, Long. 105. 42. E. Lat. 18. 44. N.
OULLER Lake, a lake of Hindustan, in the province of Cashmere, into which the river Behüt or Jhylum pours its stream. Long. 73. 50. E. Lat. 34. 22. N.
OUNCE, a weight, the sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, and the twelfth part of a pound troy. The word is derived from the Latin, uncia, the twelfth part of any whole, called as ; and, in geometrical measures, an inch, or twelfth part of a foot.
OUND, a village of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, and province of Bejapoor. The surrounding district is the property of Scindia’s family. It is nine miles from Poonah.
OUNDLE, a market-town of the county of Northampton, and the hundred of Polebrook, seventy-eight miles from London, and sixteen from Stamford. It has a good market, which is held on Saturday, and is nearly surrounded by the river Nen, over which are two bridges, one of them a curiosity, from the number of its arches, as well as from the causeway leading to it. The population amounted in 1801 to 1956, in 1811 to 1833, in 1821 to 2150, and in 1831 to 2308.
OURCHA, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Allahabad, [7:16:677]and district of Bundelcund. The rajah was formerly a person of great note; but his revenue is now reduced to one lac, and his consequence has sunk in proportion. He is still considered as the head of the petty chiefs of Bundelcund.
OURAL Mountains, a remarkable and extensive range of mountains, which has its commencement in the interior of Asia, in the territory of the Kirghisses, between the Caspian and the Aral, and stretches about due north along the sources of the Oural, the Tobol, the Emba, the Petchora, and the Sosva, by a course very imperfectly known, but, it is supposed, nearly parallel to the course of the Obi, to the shores of the Northern Ocean, and across that ocean throughout the whole length of Nova Zembla. It forms, during the greater part of its course, the boundary between Northern Asia and Russia in Europe. The soil and the country are very various, great part of these mountains being little else than lofty and barren deserts. Hence this extensive tract is divided into the Oural of the Kirghisses, the mining district of the Oural, and the desert regions. No accurate information has been obtained, excepting regarding the mining district, which contains extensive mines of iron and copper, with several of gold and of platina. Great establishments have been formed in these desert parts for the working of the mines, the produce of which has been increasing in value for the last twenty years. Besides these metals, the Oural Mountains also produce varied and beautiful specimens of minerals, as jasper, quartz, petrosilex, agate, calcedony, rock crystal, topaz, amethyst, chrysolite, asbestos, amianthus, and others. The Oural Mountains slope much more on the western than on the eastern side; and on the former there is a collateral chain, which contains rich veins of copper. Many of the loftiest pinnacles are composed of granite, which appears below in large masses; and they reach above the level of perpetual snow. The sides, particularly the western, are composed of schistus, whilst, in the lower parts, calcareous rocks predominate. These mountains are covered in many parts with forests, in which are generally found pines, cedars, larches, and other natives of a northern climate; and in the southwest parts are found the oak and the ash. Between the mountains are seen fine pasture-grounds, rich valleys, and beautiful meadows, in which numerous herds of cattle are bred. The country is well watered, both by numerous rivers, and fine transparent lakes full of fish.

Oural, a large river of Asiatic Russia, formerly called by the name of Yaik. It received its present appellation in the year 1775. It has its rise in the Oural Mountains, in about 54° north latitude, and runs westward a great part of its course, after which it turns directly south, and falls into the Caspian, nearly in 47° north latitude, and 53° east longitude. It forms the boundary between the Kirghisses and the Baschkirs; has a rapid current, with a pure stream; and everywhere abounds with fish, the fisheries on its banks affording an inexhaustible source of wealth to the Cossacks. It has very steep and rocky banks whilst it is a mountain stream; but afterwards flows through a dry and saline plain.
OURALSK, a large and populous city, with narrow and πτegularly built houses, the capital of the Oural Cossacks. The male inhabitants, who amount to 3600, are divided into seven regiments, which are under the general superintendence of the governor-general of Orenburg. They are chiefly employed in taking fish, which are very abundant in the Oural, and are considered to be superior in quality to those caught in the Caspian. The place is surrounded with palisades and an irregular rampart. Long. 52.6. E. Lat. 50.11.N.
OURFA. See Orfa.
OURRY’S Island, or New Alderney, an island in; the South Pacific Ocean, discovered by Captain Carteret.
[7:16:678]

in 1767. It is one of the Queen Charlotte Islands, and is ten miles long and five broad. Long. 165.19. E. Lat. 11. 10. S.
OUSE, Greater, a river which rises near Fitwell, in Oxfordshire, and proceeds to Buckingham, Stony Stratford, and Newport-Pagnel, in Buckinghamshire; from thence it proceeds to Bedford, and turning north-east, it passes on to Huntingdon and Ely, till at length it arrives at Lynn-Regis, in Norfolk, and falls into the sea.

Ouse, Smaller , rises in Suffolk, and, separating that county from Norfolk on the south-west, discharges itself into the Great Ouse near Downham. There is still another of the same name, which rises on the west-north-west side of Yorkshire, and running chiefly to the south-east, at length falls into the Humber.
OUSSOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the Mysore rajah’s territories, which surrendered to a British detachment in 1791. Long. 78. E. Lat. 12. 45. N.
OUTCHANG-FOU, a city of China, of the first rank, situated on the great river Yang-tse-kiang, at its junction with the Han. It is the capital of the province of Houquang, and when joined to Hang-yang-fou, situated on the opposite side of the river, and forming properly one with it, it ranks with the largest cities in China, or in the world. From its position at the junction of the great river Yang-tse-kiang with the Han, it enjoys an easy commercial intercourse with almost every port of China. Though nearly 500 miles from the sea, the river is deep enough to float the largest vessels; and, for some miles in the vicinity of the city, it is entirely covered with barks, amounting to 8000 or 10,000, many of which form the only habitation of numerous Chinese families. This interminable prospect and forest of masts presents one of the most striking scenes in the world. The surrounding country is noted for the excellence of the tea which it produces; and the bamboo paper manufactured here is very highly celebrated all over China.
OU-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in the province of Quang-see. It is favourably situated for commerce, as the whole rivers of the province meet under its walls in their progress to Quang-tong. The surrounding country is mountainous. The rhinoceros is found in the neighbouring rivers. Long. 110. 32. E. Lat. 23.'38. N.
OUTING, a city of China, of the first rank, in the province of Yunan, situated in a fertile country, near a range of very rugged mountains, which yield abundance of musk. It is exposed to the inroads of the mountaineers, for which reason a considerable garrison is maintained in the place. Long. 102. 6. E. Lat. 25. 53. N.
OUTLAW signifies one who is deprived of the benefit of the law, and therefore held to be out of the king’s protection.
OUTLAWRY, the punishment of a person who, being called into court, and sought, according to the usual forms, does contemptuously refuse to appear.
OUVAROFSKOI, a fort of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Tomsk. It is agreeably situated, contains twenty houses, and has been erected as a bulwark against the Kirghisses.
OVAL, an oblong curvilinear figure, otherwise called ellipse. The proper oval, or egg shape, however, differs considerably from that of the ellipse, being an irregular figure, narrower at one end than at another; whereas the ellipse or mathematical oval is equally broad at each end. But it must be owned that these two are commonly confounded, even geometricians calling the oval a false ellipse.
OVATION, in Roman antiquity, was a lesser triumph, allowed to commanders for victories won without the effusion of blood, or for defeating a mean and inconsiderable enemy. The show generally began at the Alban Mountain, whence the general with his retinue made his entry into the city on foot, with many flutes or pipes sounding in concert as he passed along, and wearing a garland or myrtle as a token of peace. The term ovation, according to Servius, is derived from ovis, a sheep, because on this occasion the conqueror sacrificed a sheep, as in a triumph he sacrificed a bull. The senate, knights, and principal plebeians assisted at the procession, which concluded at the Capitol, where rams were sacrificed to Jupiter. The first ovation was granted to Publius Posthumius, for his victory over the Sabines in the 253d year of Rome.
OVEN, a kind of domestic furnace, used for baking bread, pies, tarts, and the like. It is of a <(rcular structure, with a very low roof, well lined both on the top, bottom, and sides, with stone; and it has a small entrance in the front, fitted with a door, which being clapped to the mouth of the oven, confines the heat, whilst bread, pies, or puddings, are baking. Over this pastry-cooks have another oven built much in the same manner, which is used for such things as require a less degree of heat. Ovens are heated by burning in them dry faggots, wood, &c. till all the parts are equally hot.