pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
MIDDLEHAM, a market-town of the north riding of the county of York, in the wapentake of Hang West, 232 miles from London. It has the remains of an ancient royal castle, where King Richard III. was born, and Edward IV. died. The church is large, and was formerly collegiate. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 728, in 1811 to 714, in 1821 to 880, and in 1831 to 914. A market is held here on Monday.
MIDDLEWICH, a town of the county of Chester, in the hundred of Northwich, 166 miles from London. It is situated between the rivers Whecloch and Dane, which unite below the town and fall into the Wever; and it has also a canal communication with the Mersey at Runcorn. It has celebrated brine springs of great strength, from which abundance of culinary salt is made, and conveyed with facility to Liverpool. Of late years a branch of the cotton [7:15:62]manufacture has been established here. The market is held on Tuesday. The population of the town amounted in 1801 to 1190, in 1811 to 1232, in 1821 to 1212, and in 1831 to 1325; but the whole parish, at the last census, contained 4782 inhabitants.
MIDHURST, a town of the county of Sussex, in the hundred of Westbourne and rape of Chichester, fifty-one miles from London. It is situated on the river Arun, and adjoining to it is the magnificent park of the Lords Montague, and the remains of the fine mansion, Cowany House. It is an ancient borough, and returned two members to parliament; but one has been taken from it by the reform act. The population amounted in 1801 to 1073, in 1811 to 1256, in 1821 to 1335, and in 1831 to 1478. There is a market on Thursday.
MIDIAN, or Madian, in Ancient Geography, a town on the south side of Arabia Petraea, which was so called from one of the sons of Abraham by Keturah.
MIDNAPOOR, a district of Bengal,'in the province of Orissa, containing an area of 6102 square 'miles, and about a million and a half of inhabitants. The bulk of the people are Hindus, but there is a greater proportion of Mahommedans than in most other parts of India. Two thirds of this extensive district consists of a jungle swarming with noxious animals, and exceedingly unhealthy, although the land is rich and fertile. This district was formerly ceded to the East India Company in 1761. Having been long the scene of warfare between the Afghans, Moguls, and Mahrattas, it contains a great number of small forts, which serve as a refuge for robbers, from which they frequently annoy the inhabitants. The country produces abundance of grain, sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo. Its principal towns are Midnapore, Jellasore, Piply, and Narraingur. Midnapore, the capital, formerly possessed a fort, which has been converted into a criminal prison. It is seventy miles west by south from Calcutta. Long. 87. 25. E. Lat. 22. 25. N.

MIDSHIP-Frame, a name given to that timber, or combination of pieces formed into one timber, which determines the extreme breadth of the ship, as well as the figure and dimensions of all the inferior timbers.
MIDSHIPMAN, a sort of naval cadet, appointed to second the orders of the superior officers, and to assist in the necessary business of the vessel, either on board or on shore.
MIEZA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Macedonia, [7:15:63]situated near Stagira, and in the olden time called Strymonium. Plutarch informs us, that in this place were shown the stone seats and shady walks of Aristotle.
MIGDOL, or Magdol, in Ancient Geography, a place in Lower Egypt, between Pihahiroth and the Red Sea. The term denotes a tower or fortress. It is probably, the Magdolum of Herodotus; at least the Septuagint render it by the same name.
MIGRATION, the passage' or removal of a thing out of one place into another. For the migration of birds, See Ornithology.
MIGUEL, St, or St Michael, one of the Azore Islands, situated in long. 25. 45. W. lat. 38. 10. N. See Azores.
MIHEL, a town of the department of the Meuse, and arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc, in France, on the right bank of the Meuse, containing 5250 inhabitants, who produce very good wine.
MIKHAILOW, a circle of the Russian province of Riasan, extending from east longitude 38. 24. to 39. 4. and from north latitude 53. 52. to 54. 29. It is very productive in corn, hemp, flax, and cattle. The capital is the city of the same name situated on the river Prona, and containing 408 houses and 2300 inhabitants. Long. 38. 42. E. Lat. 54. 12. N.
MILAZZO, a parliamentary city of the island of Sicily, in the kingdom of Naples, on the sea-shore, near the termination of Cape Blanco. It is fortified, and though the situation is rather unhealthy, it contains a population of 8000 persons, who are chiefly occupied in the tunny fishery, and in the export of wine and oil.
MILBOURN-PORT, a town of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Horethorne, 117 miles from London. It stands on a branch of the river Parret, and is a poor and scattered place, with small houses, chiefly built for election purposes. It formerly returned two members to the House of Commons, but has been disfranchised. It has no market. The population amounted in 1801 to 953, in 1811 to 1000, in 1821 to 1440, and in 1831 to 2072.
MILDENHALL, a town of the county of Suffolk, in the hundred of Lachford, seventy-one miles from London. It is situated on a branch of the river Ouse, which is navigable for barges up to it, and is a source of its trade. There is a well-supplied market, which is held on Friday. The population amounted in 1801 to 2283, in 1811 to 2493, in 1821 to 2974, and in 1831 to 3267.
MILDEW is said to be a kind of thick, clammy, sweet juice, exhaled from, or falling upon, the leaves and blossoms of plants. By its thickness and clamminess it prevents perspiration, and hinders the growth of the plant. It sometimes rests upon the leaves of trees in the form of a fatty juice, and sometimes upon the ears of corn. It is naturally tough and viscous, and becomes still more so by the sun’s heat exhaling its more fluid parts; by which means the young ears of corn are so daubed over that they never arrive at their full growth. Bearded wheat is less subject to the mildew than the common sort; and it is observed that newly-manured lands are more liable to mildew than others. The best remedy is a smart shower of rain, and immediately afterwards a brisk wind. If the mildew be observed before the sun has attained power, it has been recommended to send two men into the field with a long cord, each holding one end; and drawing this along the field over the ears, the dew will be dislodged from them before the heat of the sun has been able to dry it to the viscous state in which it does the mischief, or rather, perhaps, to occasion that rapid evaporation which produces a degree of cold sufficient to nip and chill the ears, or, in other words, to affect them with mildew. Some are of opinion that lands which have for many years been subject to mildews have been cured of it by sowing soot along with the corn, or immediately after it is sown.
MILE, a measure of length or distance, containing eight furlongs. The English statute mile is eighty chains, or 1760 yards, or 5280 feet. See Weights and Measures.
MILETO, a city, the Miletus of antiquity, of the kingdom of Naples, in the province of Calabria Ulteriore. It stands on elevated ground, but is watered by three small streams. It is the seat of a bishop. By the earthquake in 1783, the castle, the cathedral, a parish church, two monasteries, and many dwellings, were thrown down, and 1700 lives were lost. It has been in some degree rebuilt since.
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MILETUS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Crete, mentioned by Homer, but the situation of which has not been ascertained. It is said to have been the mother town of Miletus in Caria, whither a colony was led by Sarpedon, brother of Minos.

Miletus, in Ancient Geography, a celebrated town of Asia Minor, situated on the confines of Ionia and Caria. It was the capital city of Ionia, famous both for the arts of war and peace, and situated about ten stadia south of the mouth of the river Maeander, near to the sea coast. It was founded by a Cretan colony under Miletus the companion of Bacchus, or by Neleus the son of Codrus, or by Sarpedon a son of Jupiter. It has been successively called Lelegeis, Pithyusa, and Anactoria. The inhabitants, called Milesii, were very powerful, and long maintained an obstinate war against the kings of Lydia. They early applied themselves to navigation, and planted no less than eighty colonies, or, according to Seneca, three hundred and eighty, in different parts of the world. This was the only town which made head against Alexander, and which was with much difficulty taken. It gave birth to Thales, one of the seven wise men, and the first who applied himself to the study of physical science. It was also the country of Anaximander, the scholar and successor of Thales, the inventor of the gnomon, and the first who published a geographical map; of Anaximenes, the scholar and successor of Anaximander; and also of other illustrious men. It was noted for its excellent wool, and was also celebrated for a temple and oracle of Apollo Didymaeus. It is called by the Turks Melas, and not far distant from it flows the river Maeander. St Paul proceeding from Corinth to Jerusalem passed by Miletus, and as he went by sea, and could not take Ephesus in his way, he caused the bishops and priests of the church of Ephesus to come to Miletus, which was about twelve leagues distant.
MILFORD, a town of North America, in Sussex county, in the Delaware state, is situated at the source of a small river, fifteen miles from Delaware Bay, and 150 southward of Philadelphia. This town, which contains about eighty houses, has been built, excepting one house, since the revolution. It is laid out with much taste, and is by no means disagreeable. The inhabitants are Episcopalians, Quakers, and Methodists.

Milford Haven, a township of Pembrokeshire, in South Wales, in the parish of Harbrandstone, 257 miles from London. The town is of recent origin, having been created by the excellence of the haven, or rather bay, which, both in regard to extent and security, is perhaps one of the best in the south of the island. It has several creeks and bays, is calculated to receive a thousand sail of vessels, and is well fortified. It was the first place which commenced the southern whale-fishery; and many ships of war have been built there, as well as smaller vessels. It is the principal point of communication between the south of England and of Ireland, by vessels daily departing for Waterford. The nearest town to the Haven is Habers-ton.
MILHAU, an arrondissement of the department of Aveiron, in France, 806 miles in extent. It consists of nine cantons, divided into seventy-nine communes, and contains 51,500 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name situated on the right bank of the Tarn, where the Dourbie falls into that stream. The surrounding country abounds with fruit, especially almonds and grapes. It contains 1230 houses, with 5750 inhabitants, who make gloves, hats, various kinds of leather, and some porcelain. Long. 17. 1. E. Lat. 44. 10. N.
MILILLO, a city of the island of Sicily, in the kingdom of Naples, and province of Noto, 140 miles from Palermo. It stands on a mountain near the' river Cantara, and is a healthy place, with 4000 inhabitants.
MILITELLO, a city of the island of Sicily, in the kingdom of Naples and province of Noto, 120 miles from Palermo. It is moderately healthy, being situated on a rocky mountain, and contains 8000 inhabitants. Near to it are some valuable salt lagunes.
MILKY WAY, or Via Lactea. See Astronomy.
MILLSTONE, the stone by which corn is ground.

The millstones which we find preserved from ancient times are all small, and very different from those which are now in use. Thoresby mentions two or three such found in England, amongst other Roman antiquities, which were but twenty inches broad; and there is reason to believe that the Romans, as well as the Egyptians and Jews, did not employ horses, or wind, or water, as we do, to turn their milts, but made their slaves and captives of war do this laborious work. Sampson, when a prisoner to the Philistines, was treated no better, but condemned to turn the millstone in his prison. The runner or loose millstone, in this sort of grinding, was usually heavy for its size, being as thick as it was broad. This is the millstone which is expressly prohibited in Scripture to take in pledge, because, lying loose, it was more easily removed. The Talmudists relate, that the Chaldeans made the young men of the captivity carry millstones with them to Babylon; and hence, probably, their paraphrase renders the text “have borne the mills or millstones,” which might thus be true in a literal sense. They have also a proverbial expression of a man with a millstone about his neck; which they use to express a man under the severest weight of affliction. This also plainly refers to the same small kind of stones.
MILLENARIANS, or Chiliasts, a name given to those in the primitive ages, who believed that the saints will reign with Christ on earth for a thousand years. See Millennium.
MILLENER, or Milliner, one who sells ribands and dresses, particularly head-dresses for women, and who makes up those dresses. Of this word different etymologies have been given-It is not derived from the French, who cannot express the notion of milliner otherwise than by the circumlocution marchande or marchande des modes. Neither is it derived from the low Dutch, the great but neglected magazine of the Anglo-Saxon. For Sewel, in his English and Dutch Dictionary, published in 1708, describes millener as a “pedlar who sells ribands and other trimmings or ornaments, a French pedlar.” Littleton, in his English and Latin Dictionary, published 1677, defines millener, “a jack of all trades,” millenarius, or mille mercium venditor ; that is, “one who sells a thousand different sorts of things.” From this etymology, which seems fanciful, we must hold, that it then implied what is now termed “a haberdasher of small wares.” Before Littleton’s time, however, a somewhat nicer characteristic than seems compatible with this notion, appears to have belonged to them; for Shakspeare, in his I4enry IV. makes Hotspur, when complaining of the daintiness of a courtier, say, “he was perfumed like a milliner.” The fact seems to be, that there were milleners of several kinds; as, horse milleners, who make ornaments of coloured worsted for horses; haberdashers of small wares, the milleners of Littleton; and milleners such as those now peculiarly known by that name, whether male or female, to whom Shakspeare’s allusion seems most appropriate. Lastly, Dr Johnson, in his dictionary, derives the word from milaner, an inhabitant of Milan, whence first came people of this profession, as a Lombard is a banker.
MILLE Passus, or Millia Passuum, a very common expression amongst the ancient Romans for a measure of distance, commonly called a mile. Milliarium, rarely used. A Roman mile Hesychius made to consist of seven stadia; Plutarch, little short of eight; many others, as Strabo and Polybius, eight stadia and no more. The reason of this difference seems to be, that the former had a regard to the Grecian foot, which is greater than the Roman or Italic. This distance is oftentimes called lapis, from the stone by which it was marked or indicated.
MILLIARE, or Milliarium. See Mille Passus.
MILLIARIUM Aureum, was a gilded pillar in the orum of Rome, at which all the highways of Italy met, as one common centre. From this pillar the miles were counted, and at the end of every mile a stone was put down. The military column was erected by Augustus Caesar, and, as we are informed by travellers, is still to be seen.
MILO, T. Annius, a native of Lanuvium, who attempted to obtain the consulship at Rome by means of intrigue and seditious tumults. Clodius the tribune opposed his views; yet Milo would have succeeded but for an event which has given a collateral celebrity to his name. As he was going into the country, attended by his wife and a numerous retinue of gladiators and servants, he met on the Appian road his enemy Clodius, who was returning to Rome with three of his friends and some domestics completely armed. A quarrel arose between the servants; Milo supported his attendants, and the dispute became general; Clodius received many severe wounds, and was obliged to retire to a neighbouring cottage. Milo pursued his enemy in his retreat, and ordered his servants to despatch him. The body of the murdered tribune was carried to Rome, and exposed to public view. The enemies of Milo inveighed bitterly against the violence and barbarity with which the sacred person of a tribune had been treated. Cicero undertook the defence of Milo; but the continual clamours of the friends of Clodius, and the sight of an armed soldiery, which surrounded the judgment seat, so terrified the orator, that he forgot the greater part of [7:15:85]his arguments, and the defence he made was weak and injudicious. Milo was condemned, and banished to Massilia. Cicero soon afterwards sent his exiled friend a copy of the oration which he had prepared for his defence, in the form in which it now appears; and Milo, after having read it, exclaimed, “0 Cicero, hadst thou spoken before my accusers in these terms, Milo would not now be eating figs at Marseilles.” The friendship and cordiality of Cicero and Milo were the fruits of long intimacy and familiar intercourse. It was by the successful exertions of Milo that the orator was recalled from banishment, and restored to his friends.
MILO, or Melos, an island of European Turkey, in the Archipelago. It is about sixty-six square miles in extent. It is mountainous and volcanic, and though in ancient times reported to have been populous, is now so unhealthy, that the population of less than 700 persons can only be kept up by annual emigrations from the Morea. The chief town of the same name is on the south part of the island, and is said once to have had 200 houses, but now has not so many inhabitants. Long. 24. 8. E. Lat. 36. 40.
MILVERTON, a town of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of its own name, 152 miles from London, and three from Wellington. It was a borough, but lost its franchise many years ago. It was once a place where woollen cloths, serges, druggets, and other goods, were extensively made, but the trade bas greatly fallen off of late years. There is a market on Friday. The population amounted in 1801 to 1667, in 1811 to 1637, in 1821 to .1930, and in 1831 to 2233.
MIMI, Mimes, in the ancient comedy, were buffoons or mimics, who entertained the people by taking off certain characters, and using such gestures as suited the persons or subjects they represented. There were upon the Roman stage female performers of this kind, called mimae. The word is derived from μιμεομαι, I imitate. Some of the mimi acted their parts to the sound of the tibia, and were called mirnauli. Mimi were also a kind of farces or ludicrous comedies, generally performed by one person. They had no acts, nor any exordium.

The mimi were introduced upon the Roman stage long after comedy and tragedy had arrived at their full perfection. The actor wore no mask, but smeared his face with soot, was dressed in lamb-skin, wore garlands of ivy, carried a basket of flowers and herbs in honour of Bacchus, and diverted the audience with apish tricks and ridiculous dances. This was the state of the mimi soon after their first introduction; but they underwent many alterations, which it would occupy too much room to relate, and which are not of sufficient importance to justify a detailed account.
MIMESIS, in Rhetoric i the imitating the voice and gestures of another person.
MIMNERMUS, an ancient poet and musician, flourished about the beginning of the sixth century before our era. He was a native of Smyrna, and contemporary of Solon. Athenaeus ascribes to him the invention of pentameter verse. His elegies, of which only a few fragments are preserved, were so much admired in antiquity, that Horace preferred them to those of Callimachus. He composed a poem of this kind, as we learn from Pausanias, upon the battle fought between the people of Smyrna, and the Lydians under Gyges. He was likewise author of a poem in elegiac verse, quoted by Strabo, which he entitled Nanno i and in which we may suppose he chiefly celebrated a young and beautiful girl of that name, who, according to Athenaeus, was a player on the flute, and of whom he was enamoured in his old age. With respect to love matters, according to Propertius, his verses were more valuable than all the writings of Homer.
MINA, or Manch, a species of money which properly signifies one part or ounce. It is observed that this word occurs only in the books of Kings, Chronicles, Ezra, and Ezekiel. The prophet (xlv. 12) tells us, that the mina or maneb was valued at sixty shekels, which in gold are equivalent to L.54. 15s. of English money, and in silver to about L.7. Thus for the Hebrew manch. But the Greek or Attic mina, which is probably that mentioned in the books of the Maccabees and in the New Testament, is valued at a hundred drachmae, or about L.2. 17s. sterling. There was also a lesser mina, which ⅜tas valued at seventy-five drachmae.

Mina, a small town of Arabia, about twenty miles to the south of Mecca, on the way to Mount Arafat. It is situated between two granite mountains, and consists of a single long street, containing several handsome houses.
MINAGNGHINIM, an instrument of music amongst the Hebrews. It was a square table of wood, fitted with a handle; and over this table was stretched an iron chain, or hempen cord, passing through balls of wood or brass, which struck against the table when the instrument was shaken, and occasioned a clear sound, that might be heard at a great distance.
MINCHA, in the Jewish customs, offerings of meal, cakes, or biscuits, made in the temple of the Lord. The Seventy-two have sometimes preserved this word in their translation; but instead of mincha they read manaa, which doubtless was the received pronunciation in their time.
MINCHINHAMPTON, of a town of the county of Gloucester, in the hundred of Longtree, a hundred miles from London. Some parts of the parish are very romantic, especially one called the Golden Vale. The clothing trade forms the chief occupation. Near to it are several elegant seats. The celebrated Roger Bacon was an inhabitant of the town. The population of the town amounted in 1801 to 3419, in 1811 to 3246, in 1821 to 4907, and in 1831 to 5114; but there are two hamlets within the parish, Rodborough and Nailsworth, and the number of the whole inhabitants appears by the last census to have been 7255.
MINDANAO. See Magindanao.
MINDEN, one of the governments into which the Prussian province of Westphalia is divided. It has been formed out of the ancient principalities of Minden, Paderborn, and Corvey, and the smaller sovereignties of Reckenberg, Rheda, and Rittberg. It is divided into thirteen circles, extends over 2068 square miles, comprehends thirty-six cities or walled towns, seven market-towns, and 549 villages, besides many detached agricultural establishments. The houses are 47,140, and the inhabitants 362,649, of whom about four sevenths are Protestants, and the remainder chiefly Catholics, with some Jews and a few Menonites. The city of Minden is the capital of the government and of the circle. It is built on the river Weser, over which is a bridge 600 feet long. It is an important pass, and is strongly fortified, the works having of late years been much extended. It contains five Lutheran, two Catholic, and one Calvinist church, 1146 houses, and 8940 inhabitants. It contains some manufactures of woollen, linen, and iron goods, and some trade by the Weser, which connects it with Bremen. It is known as the field of battle in 1759, where the French suffered a partial defeat. Long. 8. 50. 6. E. Lat. 52. 17. 47. N.