pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
WAPENTAKE is the same with what is called a hundred, especially used in the north counties beyond the river Trent. The word seems to be of Danish original, and to be so applied for this reason: when first the kingdom, or a part, was divided into wapentakes, he who was the chief of the wapentake or hundred, and who is now called a high constable, as soon as he entered upon his office, appeared in a field on a certain day on horseback with a pike in his hand, and all the chief men of the hundred met him there with their lances, and touched his pike; which was a sign that they were firmly united to each other by the touching their weapons. But Sir Thomas Smith says, that anciently musters were made of the armour and weapons of the several inhabitants of every wapentake; and from those that could not find sufficient pledges for their good bearing, their weapons were taken away and given to others; from whence he derives the word.
WAPPING. See London.
WARANKUL, or Warangol, an ancient city of Hindustan, in the province of Hyderabad, belonging to the nizam. Long. 79. 34. E. Lat. 17. 54. N.
WARARSDIN, a portion of the Austrian province of Croatia, denominated a generality. It is on the frontier towards Turkey, and peopled with military colonists, the males of which are regimented, and held ready for service as one of the conditions of their possessing the land. It extends over 1470 square miles, and comprehends three small towns and 306 villages, with 108,500 inhabitants, two thirds of whom adhere to the Romish church, and the remainder mostly to the Greek. They are divided into two portions called regiments; the head-quarters of one is at Ivanich, of the other at St George’s. Nearly two fifths of the surface are covered with woods, but the remainder is cultivated, and produces more provender than is consumed. It yields moderate crops of corn, tolerable wine, some silk, and abundance of cattle. The climate is mild, and the district is watered by the Drave and its numerous tributary streams. There are no manufactures, but these are purchased with the surplus of the products of the soil. The principal town, Ivanich, has only 650 inhabitants. Long. 16. 25. 5. E. Lat. 45. 42. 9. N.
WARD is variously used in our old books. A ward in London is a district or division of the city, committed to the special charge of one of the aldermen; and in London there are twenty-six wards, according to the number of the mayor and aldermen, of which every one has his ward for his proper guard and jurisdiction. A forest is divided into wards; and a prison is called a ward. Lastly, the heir of the king’s tenant, that held in capite, was termed a ward during his nonage; but this wardship is taken away by the statute 12 Car. II. c. 24.

Ward, Seth, an English prelate, chiefly distinguished for his knowledge in mathematics and astronomy, was born at Buntingford in Hertfordshire; and his biographer Dr Pope places his birth in the year 1618. He was admitted of Sidney College, Cambridge, where he applied with great vigour to his studies, particularly to the mathematics, and was chosen fellow of his college. He was much involved in the consequences of the civil war, but he was more fortunate than many of his brethren. He was appointed Savilian professor of astronomy at Oxford; and here in 1654 he took the degree of D. D. In 1659 he was chosen president of Trinity College; but being disqualified for the office, he was obliged to resign it at the Restoration. In 1661 he became dean, and in 1662 bishop, of Exeter. In 1667 he was translated to Salisbury; and in 1671 was made chancellor of the order of the Garter. He was the first Protestant bishop that enjoyed that honour, and he procured it to be annexed to the see of Salisbury. Bishop Ward was one of those unhappy persons who have had the misfortune to survive their senses, which happened in consequence of a fever ill cured. He lived to the Revolution without knowing any thing of the matter, and died at Knightsbridge on the 6th of January 1689. He had rendered himself odious by the severities which he exercised against the non-conformists. He published various works on theology, philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy.
WARDEN, or Guardian, one who has the charge or keeping of any person, or thing, by office. Such is the warden of the Fleet, the keeper of the Fleet prison, who has the charge of the prisoners there, especially such as are committed from the court of chancery for contempt.
WARDROBE, a closet or little room adjoining to a bedchamber, serving to dispose and keep a person’s apparel in; or for a servant to lodge in, to be at hand to wait, &c.

Wardrobe, in a prince’s court, is an apartment wherein his robes, wearing apparel, and other necessaries, are preserved under the care and direction of proper officers. In Britain, the Master or Keeper of the Great Wardrobe was an officer of great antiquity and dignity. High privileges and immunities were conferred on him by King Henry VI. which were confirmed by his successors; and King James I. not only enlarged them, but ordained that this office should be a corporation or body politic for ever. It was the duty of this office to provide robes for the coronations, marriages, and funerals of the royal family; to furnish the court with hangings, cloths of state, carpets, beds, and other necessaries; to furnish houses for ambassadors at their first arrival; cloths of state, and other furniture, for the lord lieutenant of Ireland, and all his majesty’s ambassadors abroad; to provide all robes for foreign knights of the garter, robes for the knights of the garter at home; robes and all other furniture for the officers of the garter; coats for kings, heralds, and pursuivants at arms; robes for the lords [7:21:774]of the treasury, and chancellor of the exchequer, &c.; livery for the lord chamberlain, grooms of his majesty’s privy chamber, officer of his majesty’s robes; for the two chief justices, for all the barons of the exchequer, and several officers of these courts; all liveries for his majesty’s servants, as yeomen of the guard, and wardens of the Tower, trumpeters, kettle-drummers, and fifers; the messengers, and all belonging to the stables, as coachmen, footmen, littermen, postilions, and grooms, &c.; all the king’s coaches, chariots, harnesses, saddles, bits, bridles, &c.; the king’s watermen, game-keepers, &c.; also furniture for the royal yachts, and all rich embroidered tilts, and other furniture, for the barges. Besides the master or keeper of the wardrobe, who had a salary of L.2000, there were his deputy, who had L.150, and a comptroller and a patent clerk, each of whom had a salary of L.300; besides many other inferior officers and servants, who were all sworn servants to the king. There was likewise a removing wardrobe, which had its own set of officers, and standing wardrobe-keepers at St James’s, Windsor Castle, Hampton Court, Kensington, and Somerset House; but the whole of the wardrobe establishment was abolished by act of parliament in 1782, and the duty of it in future was to be done by the lord chamberlain.
WARDSHIP, in chivalry, one of the incidents of tenure by knight-service. See Feudal System.
WARE, a market-town of the county of Hertford, in the hundred of Braughin, twenty-one miles from London. It stands on the river Lea, which is navigable to the metropolis, and by which much malt, the principal commodity of the place, is conveyed to the great porter breweries and distilleries in London. It is a well-built town, and consists of one long street, with several minor ones intersecting it. The church is an ancient and noble structure. Near to it is the spring by which the new river is mainly supplied. Ware has a good market on Tuesday, and two yearly fairs. The population amounted in 1821 to 3844, and in 1831 to 4214.
WAREHAM, a market-town of the county of Dorset, in the hundred of Winfrith and division of Blandford, 112 miles from London. It is situated on an eminence between the mouth of the rivers Frome and Piddle, and consists of four principal and several minor streets. The river Frome is navigable up to the bridge for small craft from Poole. This was formerly a place of more importance, having once seventeen churches, now reduced to three, one only of which is used. There are however several dissenting places of worship. It was once fortified, and some remains of the works are still visible. It has very little trade. The market is on Saturday. It returns, with the parishes of Corfe Castle and Bere Regis, one member to parliament. The population of Warcham amounted in 1821 to 1939, and in 1831 to 2325.
WARKWORTH, a town of the county of Northumberland, in the ward of Morpeth. It stands on the river Coquet, 308 miles from London. It consists of three streets, in which are good houses. It is remarkable for the extensive ruins of the castle of its name, belonging to the duke of Northumberland, with its park and hermitage. The market has declined. The population amounted in 1821 to 591, and in 1831 to 639.
WARMINSTER, a market-town of the county of Wilts, in the hundred of its own name, ninety-seven miles from London and twenty-two from Salisbury. The river Willy runs through the town, and falls into the Avon. Warminster has a market on Saturday, at which the greatest quantity of corn is sold of any place in the county. It has some employment in making fine cloths, but of late years that trade has much diminished. It is considered one of the healthiest towns in England. There is a spacious parish church with a square lofty tower, and a chapel of ease, besides several places of worship for dissenting sects. The population amounted in 1821 to 5612, and in 1831 to 6115.
WARNAWIN, a circle of the Russian government of Kostroma, extending in north latitude from 56° 48' to 57° 33', and in east longitude from 43° 59' to 46° 12'. It is a poor and barren district, thinly inhabited, and scarcely yielding [7:21:777]com sufficient for its scanty population, many of whom seek employment and subsistence in other provinces. It has but one town, its capital, of the same name, on the river Bet-luga. It does not contain more than 750 inhabitants. It is 856 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 44. 45. E. Lat. 57. 20. N.
WARP, in the manufactures, a name for the threads, whether of silk, wool, linen, hemp, &c. that are extended lengthwise on the weaver’s loom; and across which the workman, by means of his shuttle, passes the threads of the woof, to form a cloth, ribband, fustian, or the like.

Warp, a small rope employed occasionally to remove a ship from one place to another, in a port, road, or river. And hence, To Warp, is to change the situation of a ship, by pulling her from one part of a harbour, &c. to some other, by means of warps, which are attached to buoys, to anchors sunk in the bottom, or to certain stations upon the shore, as posts, rings, trees, &c. The ship is accordingly drawn forwards to those stations, either by pulling on the warps by hand, or by the application of some purchase, as a tackle, windlass, or capstern, upon her deck. When this operation is nerformed by the ship’s lesser anchors, these machines, together with their warps, are carried out in the boats alternately towards the place where the ship is endeavouring to arrive; so that when she is drawn up close to one anchor, the other is carried out to a competent distance before her, and being sunk, serves to fix the other warp, by which she is farther advanced. Warping is generally used when the sails are unbent, or when they cannot be successfully employed, which may either arise from the unfavourable state of the wind, the opposition of the tide, or the narrow limits of the channel.
WARRANT is a power and charge to a constable or other officer to apprehend a person accused of any crime. It may be issued in extraordinary cases by the privy council, or secretaries of state; but most commonly it is issued by justices of the peace.
WARRANTY, Warrantia, in Law, a promise, or covenant by deed, made by the bargainer for himself and his heirs, to warrant and secure the bargainee and his heirs, against all men, for enjoying the thing agreed on or granted between them.
WARREE, or Sawunt Warree, an extensive district of Hindustan, in the province of Bejapoor, situated between the sea and the western Ghaut Mountains, being forty miles in length and about twenty-five in breadth. It is rocky and unproductive, and formerly the inhabitants were much addicted to piracy. In 1818 the British forces entered the country, and put an end to the government, allowing a pension to the ranny or female ruler.
WARREN is a franchise or place privileged by prescription or grant from the king, for the keeping of beasts and fowls of the warren, which are hares and coneys, partridges, pheasants, and some add quails, woodcocks, and water-fowl, &c. These being feroe naturce, every one had a natural right to kill as he could; but upon the introduction of the forest-laws at the Norman conquest, these animals being looked upon as royal game, and the sole property of our rude monarchs, this franchise of free-warren was invented to protect them, by giving the grantee a sole and exclusive power of killing such game, as far as his warren extended, on condition of his preventing other persons. A man therefore that has the franchise of warren, is in reality no more than a royal gamekeeper; but no man, not even a lord of a manor, could by common law justify sporting on another’s soil, or even on his own, unless he had the liberty of free-warren. This franchise is almost fallen into disregard since the new statutes for preserving the game, the name being now chiefly preserved in grounds that are set apart for breeding hares and rabbits.
WARRIOR, a town of Hindustan, in the Carnatic, thirty-eight miles north-east from Tanjore. Long. 79. 25. E. Lat 11. 15. N.
WARSAW, the capital of the kingdom of Poland, is situated on the left bank of the Vistula, in north lat. 52° 14', and east long. 21° 2', in the midst of a vast sandy plain. The city proper is ill built, with narrow dirty streets; but the suburbs are fine and spacious, with wide, straight and [7:21:778]well-paved streets. At the close of 1835, the number of buildings or houses was 4298, of which 2968 were of stone, and 1330 of wood. The population at the same time amounted to 133,884, including 33,389 Jews. The royal palace is a vast structure; and, besides it, there is a great number of other fine palaces and public buildings, a cathedral dedicated to St John, and many other churches. Since the late revolution and re-subjugation of Poland, the Russian government has constructed a strong citadel at Warsaw, to overawe the Poles. The city still contains a number of scientific and literary establishments; but the principal ones, namely, the university, re-opened so lately as 1818, and the Royal Society of the Friends of Science, have been suppressed. Before the revolution, no other city in eastern Europe issued so great a number of periodical publications, in proportion to the amount of population; it was, besides, the centre of the industry and the commerce of the kingdom. The trade has again revived; and, in 1835, the principal articles manufactured in the town and exported were, carriages, in value 156,000 florins; pianofortes, 87,520; saddlery, 82,480; silver-plated ware, 82,180; carpets, 63,400; agricultural machines and implements, 47,850; woollen goods, 44,200. Praga, the largest suburb, situate on the right bank of the river, and connected with the city by a bridge of boats, is noted in the history of Poland for its terrible capture by Suwarrow in 1795. In the immediate neighbourhood of the city is the superb castle of Villanov or Willanow, built by the great king John Sobieski, who died here in 1696; and the island of Kepa-Saoka, embellished with gardens. Warsaw is 170 miles S. S. E. of Dantzig. (c. h .)
WARWICK, a borough and market town, the capital of the county of that name. It is within the hundred of Kington, and stands on the bank of the river Avon, seven miles from Stratford and ninety-one from London. It is a wellbuilt and regular town. The county-hall is a fine structure, as is also the county gaol. It had once six parish churches, now reduced to two, St Mary’s and St Nicholas. The former is a noble Gothic building, with several grand monuments to members of the noble family who derived their title from the town. The latter church is chiefly distinguished by its lofty tower and musical ring of bells. The most remarkable object connected with this place is the castle, the ancient and magnificent residence of the earl of Warwick, with its gardens, waterfall, bridge, collection of paintings, and other objects of attraction. As one of the most prominent residences of the English nobility, and one most connected with historical recollections, it is much visited, and is deserving of a more elaborate description than the limits of our work [7:21:782] will permit to be given here. Warwick is divided into two wards, and is governed by a corporate body, consisting of a mayor, six aldermen, and seventeen councillors; and it returns two members to the House of Commons. There is a market on Saturday, which is well supplied; and in addition there are no less than eight annual fairs. Within a few years the town of Leamington, one mile from Warwick, has, on account of its mineral waters, grown up to the resemblance of a new city, surpassing Warwick in population, and far exceeding it in the beauty and regularity of its edifices, both public and private. The inhabitants of Warwick amounted in 1821 to 8235, and in 1831 to 9109.
WARYE, an open town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat and district of Werrear, fourteen miles south-west from Ruhdunpoor. It is the residence of many of the head jhuts, and can muster from 800 to 1000 horsemen, well mounted, and armed with spears and sabres.
WASA, a circle of the Russian province of Finland, which extends over 16,760 miles, comprehending six cities, 2255 hamlets or farms, with 145,700 inhabitants. The capital is the town of the same name, on a bay in the Baltic Sea. It is well built, though chiefly with wooden houses, but has a handsome stone church. It contains 680 dwellings, with 2830 inhabitants, who make some leather, and export many deals, much pitch, and some little corn; but the harbour is nearly choked up with sand. Long. 21. 30. E. Lat. 63. 4. 35. N.
WASH, among distillers, the fermentable liquor used by malt distillers. See Brewery.
WASHINGTON, the capital of the United States of North America, is finely situate on undulating ground in the angle formed by the junction of the navigable river Potomac with the Eastern Branch, in the centre of the federal district of Columbia, an area of 100 square miles, ceded by the states of Virginia and Maryland to the United States for the site of their capital. The plan of the city, as originally laid out, forms nearly a parallelogram of about four miles by two and a half, consisting of streets crossing at right angles in the direction of the cardinal points, and traversed diagonally by larger avenues, named after the several states of the union; but only a small portion of the plan has yet been executed, and the city consists only of straggling clusters of houses placed at inconvenient distances from each other. Almost the only part that is compactly built is that which extends along Pennsylvania avenue, between the president’s house and the Capitol, both of which are handsome buildings of white freestone. The Capitol contains the halls of the senate and house of representatives, the library of congress, and numerous other apartments, some of which are spacious and tastefully embellished. It is a large square building, surmounted in the centre by a massy dome, its eastern front adorned with a Corinthian colonnade, and it is surrounded by grounds tastefully planted and laid out. There are various other public buildings, of neat and substantial but unpretending architecture, as the city hall, the halls of Columbia College, the penitentiary, twenty churches, the medical hall, &c. About a mile south-east of the Capitol is the navy-yard, on Eastern Branch, which is deep enough along shore for the largest vessels; and just above it is the naval hospital. At the junction of the two rivers stands the United States arsenal. The principal educational establishment is Columbia College, founded by the Baptists, with nine instructors, besides four professors connected with the medical department. The city was founded in 1791, and became the seat of government in 1800. In 1830 the population amounted to 18,827, including 3129 free blacks and 2319 slaves; but during the sessions of congress the place is thronged with visitors from all parts of the world. Notwithstanding its advantageous situation on a large navigable river, and in the centre of a productive country, Washington has never become the seat of trade; and its growth is solely to be attributed to the expenditure of government and the public functionaries. It has a bridge, one mile in length, over the Potomac, leading to Alexandria, and two across Eastern Branch. The Baltimore Railroad affords an easy communication with the north, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal with the west, and the Potomac, to different points, on which regular lines of steam-packets run, with the south. Long. 76. 58. W. Lat. 38.55. N. (c. H.)
WASIL, a circle of the Russian government of Nishegorod, extending in north latitude from 55° 52' to 56°

40 . , and in east longitude from 45° 5' to 46° 22'. It is watered by the rivers Wolga, Sura, and Wetluga, is of moderate fertility, yielding corn, but more pasturage. The population is 110,000, who find much employment in making mats from the bark of the trees. The capital is a town of the same name, situated on the river Sura, where it falls into the Wolga. It is chiefly built of wood, and contains 1500 inhabitants.' It is 881 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 46. 6. E. Lat. 63. 52. N.
WASILKOW, a circle in the Russian government of Kiew, extending in north latitude from 49° 39' to 50°

13', and in east longitude from 31° 47' to 32° 23'. It has the river Dnieper as its eastern boundary, and the banks are both fertile and picturesque. It has good meadows, extensive woods, and yields a surplus of corn. The capital is of the same name. Though called a city, it does not contain 1000 inhabitants, who are mostly Jews. It stands on the river Stugena, and is 881 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 32. 55. E. Lat. 50. 12. N.
WASSAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, eighteen miles north by east from Cambay. Long. 72. 52. E. Lat. 22. 39. N.
WASSOTA, a celebrated fortress of Hindustan, in the province of Bejapore and district of the Concan. There are two forts, situated on rocks nearly perpendicular, and 3000 feet high. They were surrendered in 1818 to a British force, notwithstanding their strength.
WATCH. See Clock AND Watch Work.
WATCHET, a market-town of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Willerton and Freemanners, 158 miles from London. It is a seaport, situated on the Bristol Channel, but its harbour has been much neglected; and though means have been taken to improve it, small vessels only can enter it. Watchet was formerly a place of repute for making a kind of coarse cloth, well known in the western counties by the name of the place. It is in summer visited for the purpose of sea-bathing. It is within and forms the chief part of the parish of St Deucemans, whose population amounted in 1821 to 1865, and in 1831 to 2120.
WATEEHOO, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, about six miles long and four broad, discovered by Captain Cook in 1777. Long. 158. 15. W. Lat. 20. 1. S.
WATERLAND, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, discovered by Le Maire and Schouten in 1616. Long. 149. 30. W. Lat. 14. 46. S.