pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
FARNABIE, Thomas, son of a carpenter in London and born in 1575, staid a short time at Oxford, where being enticed to abandon his religion, he went to Spain, and was there educated in a college belonging to the Jesuits. Being weary of their severe discipline, he accompanied Sir John Hawkinsand Sir Francis Drake in their last voyage in 1595. He was afterwards a soldier in the Low Countries; but being reduced to great want, he returned to England, where, wandering about for some time under the name of Thomas Bainrafe, the anagram of his name, he settled at Mattock in Somersetshire, and there taught a grammar school with good reputation. He afterwards removed to London, and opened a school with large accommodations for young gentlemen. Whilst he taught this school, he was made master of arts at Cambridge, and incorporated into the university of Oxford. In 1636, he removed to Seven Oaks in Kent, and taught the sons of several noblemen and gentlemen, who boarded in his house, with great success, and grew rich. His works gained him reputation. Upon the breaking out of the civil commotions in 1641, he was cast into prison, and it was debated in the House of Commons whether he should be sent to America; but this motion being rejected, he was removed to Ely House, in Holborn, where he died in the year 1647. Farnabic was a very eminent grammarian; and many writers have spoken with great approbation of his labours. Mr Bayle in particular says, “His notes upon most of the ancient Latin poets have been of very great use to young beginners; being short, learned, and designed chiefly to clear up the text.”
FARNHAM, a market-town at the western end of the county of Surrey, in the hundred of the same name, 41 miles from London, on the road to Portsmouth. The vicinity is chiefly remarkable for the quality of the hops produced, which by their celebrity, and consequently high price, have extended the cultivation very considerably. There is an ancient castle transformed into a palace, the residence of the Bishop of Winchester. The making of worsted hose, which once flourished, has now disappeared. The market is held on Thursday, and the sale of wheat at it is extensive. The population amounted in 1801 to 2508, in 1811 to 2911, in 1821 to 3132, and in 1831 to 3142.
FARNOVIANS, in Ecclesiastical History, a sect of Socinians, so called from Stanislaus Farnovius, who separated from the other Unitarians in the year 1568, and was followed by several persons eminent for their learning. This sect did not last long; for having lost their chief, who died in 1615, it was scattered abroad and reduced to nothing. Farnovius was engaged by Gonesius to prefer the Arian system to that of the Socinians; and consequently asserted that Christ had been produced out of nothing bythe Supreme Being, before the creation of this terrestrial globe. His sentiments concerning the Holy Ghost are not certainly known; but it appears that he warned his disciples against paying the tribute of religious worship to the Divine Spirit.
FARNWORTH, a township of the county of Lancaster, within the parish of Dean, occupied chiefly by manufacturers of cotton goods, whose numbers amounted in 1801 to 1439, in 1811 to 1798, in 1821 to 2044, and in 1831 to 2928.
FARO, a city on the sea coast, in the province of. garve, in Portugal, in lat. 37. 2. N. It is a little to the westward of Cape Santa Maria, and only admits ships to enter [7:9:489]or depart at spring tides. It has some trade with the north of Europe, to which it exports figs, resins, oranges, lemons, olives, and almonds, cork, sumach, and ropes and cords of esparto and the tunny fish. The streets of this town are broad and regularly built, and it contains a cathedral, 927 houses, and 6025 inhabitants.
FARRIER, one whose employment it is to shoe horses, and cure them when diseased or lame. The term farrier is probably a corruption of ferrier, in French ferrans , from the verb ferrer, to shoe a horse; all these words being derived[7:9:491] from the Latin ferrum, iron. There is no doubt that the word farrier was at first used to denote a person who shod horses; but as persons of this description were for a long period the only horse-doctors, the term was soon used in the more extensive sense of horse-doctor or horse-leech ; and hence farriery came to signify the art of curing the diseases of horses-

There can be little doubt that the word farrier was originally speltŢèrrř¢r or ferrer, as we meet with this latter orthography in some of our older writers. Thus Blunde-ville, who wrote in the time of Queen Elizabeth, in his Address to the Gentlemen of England, book fourth, has the following sentence: “All horses, for the most part, do come into their decay sooner than they should do, by one of these four waies; that is to say, either for lacke of being well bred, or through the rashness of the rider, the negligence of the keeper, or else through the unskilful-nesse of the ferrer." Again, the same author mentions “Martin Ghelly of Aston, called Martin Alman, chiefe ferrer to the queen’s magistic.”

Farriery, in the usual acceptation of the word, forms only a part of the more general art, which has been commonly called the veterinary art, by which is understood the art of medicine as applied to the inferior animals, an art which has been long called by the French l’art vétérinaire, or medicine vétérinaire. This word veterinary is of very ancient date, being derived from the Latin veterinarius, which is used by Columella to denote a horse-doctor or cattle-doctor. The term veterinary, being derived from veterinus, a softened and abbreviated form of veheterinus, à vehendo, carrying, is properly applicable only to beasts of burden; but veterinary medicine is now commonly employed in a more comprehensive sense, to denote the art of curing the diseases of domestic animals in general. See Veterinary Medicine.
FARRINGDON, a market-town of the county of Berks, in the hundred of the same name, sixty-eight miles from London. It is finely situated on the declivity of the termination of a range of hills, at the foot of which the Thames runs, and where the ruins of an ancient castle are to be seen. It is a town of but little trade, except what arises from a good market held on Tuesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1691, in 1811 to 1843, in 1821 to 2784, and in 1831 to 2729.
FARTACH, or Fartak, a sea-port of Arabia, in the province of H⅛dramaut, belonging to the sheik of Keshun. It is 133 miles south-east of Hadramaut, and 480 east of Mocha.
FARTHING, a small English copper coin, amounting to one-fourth of a penny. It was anciently called fourthing, as being the fourth of the integer or penny.

EARTHING of Gold, a coin used in ancient times, containing in value the fourth part of a noble, or 20d. in silver. It is mentioned in the statute 9 Henry V. cap. 7, where it is enacted that there shall be good and just weight of the noble, half noble, and farthing of gold.

Farthing of Land seems to differ from farding-deal For in a survey-book of the name of West Hapton, in Devonshire, there is an entry thus: A. B. holds six farthings of land at L.126 per annum. 8o that the farthing [7:9:492]of land must have been a considerable quantity, indeed far more than a rood.
FASCES, in Roman antiquity, axes bound together with rods or staves, and borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their office and authority. According to Florus, the use of the fasces was introduced by the elder Tarquin, the fifth king of Rome; and they were then the mark of the sovereign dignity. In after times they were borne before the consuls by turns, who had each twelve, borne by as many lictors. These fasces consisted of branches of elm, with a securis or axe in the middle, the head of which projected beyond the rest. But Publicola took the axe out of the fasces, as Plutarch assures us, in order to remove all occasion or terror. After the consuls, the praetors assumed the fasces. In the government of the decemvirs, it was the practice at first for only one of their number to have the fasces borne before them; but afterwards each had twelve, after the manner of the kings. When the magistrates, who by right had the axes carried before them, intended to show deference to the people, or some person of singular merit, they either sent away the lictors, or commanded them to lower the fasces, which was denominated submittere fasces. Many instances of this occur w in Roman history.
FASCETS, in the art of making glass, are the irons thrust into the mouths of bottles, in order to convey them to the annealing tower.
FASCIA, in Antiquity, a thin sash which the Roman women wrapped round their bodies next to the skin, in order to make them slender. Something of this sort seems also to have been in use amongst the Grecian ladies.

Fascia, in Architecture, signifies any flat member having considerable breadth and but small projection, as the band of an architrave, larmier, and the like. In brick buildings, the juttings out of the brick beyond the windows in the several stories except the highest are called fascias or fasciae.
FASCINATION, from the Greek βα<sκawuv, to fascinate or bewitch, a sort of witchcraft supposed to operate either by the eye or the tongue. Ancient writers distinguish two sorts of fascination; one performed by looking, or the efficacy of the eye, and the other by words, especially by malignant praises.

Fascination of serpents, a faculty which these animals are supposed to possess of attracting birds from the air, and making prey of them.
FASCINES, in Fortification, are a kind of faggots made of small branches of trees or brushwood, tied in three, four, five, or even six places, and are of various dimensions, according to the purposes to which they are to be applied. Those which are to be pitched over, for burning lodgments, galleries, or any other works of the enemy, should be one and a half or two feet in length; but those which are intended to form epaulements or chandeliers, to raise or fill up ditches, are made from six to ten feet in length, and from one foot to one and a fourth in thickness. Fascines are made in the following manner: Six small pickets are stuck into the ground, two and two, forming little crosses well fastened in the middle with willow bindings; on these trestles the branches are laid, and bound round with withes at every two feet. Six men are employed in making a fascine; two cut the boughs, two gather them, and the remaining two bind them. These six men can make twelve fascines every hour.
FASTERMANS, or Fasting-men, was used in our ancient customs to signify men of repute and substance; or rather pledges, sureties, or bondsmen, who, according to the Saxon polity, were bound fast to answer for one another’s peaceable behaviour.
FASTOLF, Sir John, a renowned English officer, who served in France under Henry IV., Henry V., and Henry VI., was descended from an ancient family in Norfolk, and was born about the year 1377. He was as much distinguished for his virtue at home, as for his valour abroad; and became no less amiable in his private than he had been admired in his public character. He died in 1457, being then upwards of eighty years of age, as we learn from his contemporary William Caxton, the first English printer. By an unaccountable mistake it has been asserted, that Shakspeare’s Falstaff was drawn in order to ridicule Fastolf; and this circumstance has made judicious biographers the more studious to vindicate his reputation.
FAT, an oily concrete substance, deposited in different parts of animal bodies.

Fat, in nautical language, signifies the same with broad. Thus a ship is said to have a fat quarter, if the trussing in or tuck of her quarter be deep.
[7:9:494]

Fat likewise denotes an uncertain measure of capacity. Thus a fat of isinglass contains from three and a fourth hundredweight to four hundredweight; a fat of unbound books, half a maund or four bales; of wire, from twenty to twenty-five hundredweight; and of yarn, from 220 to 221 bundles.

Fat, or Vat, is also applied to several utensils; as, a great wooden vessel, employed for measuring of malt, and containing a quarter or eight bushels; a large brewing vessel, used by brewers to run their wort in; and a leaden pan or vessel for making salt at Droitwich.
FATE (fatum), denotes an inevitable necessity depending upon a superior cause. The word is formed αfαndo, from speaking, and primarily implies the same with effatum, a word or decree pronounced by God, or a fixed sentence by which the Deity has prescribed the order of things, and allotted to every person what shall befal him. The Greeks called it ζιμαζμΐνη, as if it were a chain or series of things indissolubly linked together.

The term is also used to express a certain unavoidable destination of things, by which all agents, voluntary as wel as necessary, are swayed and directed to prescribed ends. 1ŋ this last sense, fate is distinguished into astrological, arising from the influence and position of the heavenly bodies, which, it was supposed, gave laws both to the elements an mixed bodies, and to the wills of men; and Stoical, dehne by Cicero an order or series of causes, in which cause being linked to cause, one produces another, and thus all thing flow from one prime first cause. To this fate the Stoics subject even the gods. But fate is divided by later authors into physical and divine. Physical fate is an order an series[7:9:495] of natural causes, with their consequent effects; and. the results of it are all the events and phenomena of nature. Divine fate is what is more usually called Providence.
FATESCH, one of the circles into which the Russian province of Kursk is divided. It is a district fertile in corn, watered by the Usoscha, and contains about 46,000 inhabitants. The chief place is of the same name, and has a population of 2450 persons. It is situated in long. 37. 5. E. and lat. 52. 20. N.
FATHEMITES, Fathimites, or Fatimites, the descendants of the prophet Mahommed by Fathema, or Fatima, his daughter.
FATHER, a term of relation denoting a person who has begotten a child. By the laws of Romulus, a father had an unlimited power over his children. Amongst the Lacedaemonians, as we learn from Aristotle’s Politics, the father of three children was excused from the duty of mounting guard for the security of the city; and the father of four children was exempted from every public burden. The Poppaean law, amongst the Romans, granted many valuable privileges to the father of three children, one of which was, that he should be excused from civil offices, and that the mother should have liberty, in her father’s lifetime, to make a will, and manage her estate without the authority of tutors.

Natural Father is he who has illegitimate children.

Adoptive Father is he who takes the children of some other person, and acknowledges them as his own.

Putative Father is he who is only the reputed or supposed father.

Father is also used in theology to signify the first person in the Trinity.

Father, in Ecclesiastical History, is applied to ancient authors who have preserved in their writings the traditions of the church. Thus, St Chrysostom, St Basil, and others, are called Greek Fathers; St Augustin and St Ambrose, Latin Fathers. No author who wrote later than the twelfth century is dignified with the title of Father.

Father is also a title of honour given to prelates and dignitaries of the church, to the superiors of convents, to congregations of ecclesiastics, and to persons venerable ι for their age or quality. Thus we say, the right reverend ιther in God, the father general of the Benedictines, the fathers of the council of Nice, the father of his country, and so in many other cases.
FATHOM, alineal measure containing six feet, and used chiefly at sea for measuring the length of cables and cordage.
FATSISIO, a barren and almost inaccessible island, about eighty miles from the south coast of the isle of Niphon. Thither criminals are banished, and employed in making gθ]d brocade. Long. 140. 10. E. Lat. 33. 40. N.
FATUARII, in Antiquity, were persons who, appearing inspired, foretold tilings to come. The word is formed from ’ dua, wife of the god Faunus, who was supposed to inspire women with the knowledge of futurity, as Faunus himself did men. Fatua had her name from fari, used in the same sense as vaticinari, to prophesy.
FAUNA, a deity amongst the Romans, who was daughter of Picus, and originally called Marica. Her marriage with Faunus procured her the name of Fauna, and her knowledge of futurity that of Fatua and Fatidica. It is said that she never saw a man after her marriage with Faunus, and that her uncommon chastity occasioned her being ranked among the gods after death. According to some, she is the same as Bona Mater.
FAUNALIA, in Antiquity, Roman feasts celebrated in onour of the god Faunus, who was the same amongst the omans as Pan amongst the Greeks.

The Faunalia were held on the day of the nones of December, or on the fifth day of that month. The principal sacrifice was a roebuck, or rather, according to Horace, a id, attended with libations of wine and the burning of incense. It was properly a country festival, being performed in the fields and villages with peculiar joy and devotion, btruvius in his Roman kalendar marks the feast of Faunus on the day of he ides of February; and the Faunalia he places on the fifth of the ides of December, or the 9th of that month. He also show’s, that there really were two Faunalia; the one in February, mentioned by Ovid {Fast. lib. iy. ver. 246), and the other on the 9th of December, mentioned by Horace in the eighteenth ode of his third book.
FAUNS (Fauni), among the ancients, were a species of demi-gods inhabiting the forests, called also Sylvans (Syl-vani), and differing little from the Satyrs. They delighted more particularly in vineyards, and generally appear as attendants of Bacchus, in the representation of Bacchanalian feasts and processions. The Fauns were represented as half men, half goats, having the horns, ears, feet, and tail of a goat, a very flat nose, and the rest of the figure human. Though the Fauns were considered as demi-gods, yet they were supposed to die after a long life. Arnobius shows that their father or chief, Faunus himself, lived only a hundred and twenty years.
FAUSSIGNY, a province of the duchy of Savoy, in the kingdom of Sardinia, with the title of a barony. It extends over 748 square miles, and contains three cities and seventy-two towns and villages, with 54,520 inhabitants. It is one of those provinces the neutrality of which was fixed by the congress of Vienna.
FAUSTUS. See Fust.
FAVERSHAM. See Feversham.
FAVIGNANA, an island on the west coast of Sicily, in the Mediterranean, named collectively the Formiche. It is situated to the south of Levanso, is a very fertile spot, and contains 2500 inhabitants, who grow corn, oil, wine, and cotton.
FAVISSAE, in Antiquity, were, according to Festus and Aulus Gellius, cisterns for containing water. But the faviss(v in the capitol at Rome were subterranean cellars, where old statues, broken vessels, and other things used in the temple, were usually laid up. They were much the same with the archives and treasury of modern churches.
FAVONIUS, amongst the Romans, the wind which blew directly from the west.
FAVORINUS, an ancient orator and philosopher of Gaul, who flourished under the emperor Hadrian, and taught with high reputation both at Athens and Rome. Many works are attributed to him, amongst which may be mentioned a Greek miscellaneous history, often quoted by Diogenes Laertius.
FAWKES, Francis, a poet of some note, who received his school education at Leeds, wdιence he was removed to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took the degrees in arts. Having early entered into holy orders, he settled first at Bramham in Yorkshire, near the elegant seat of that name, which he celebrated in verse in 1745, in a quarto pamphlet published anonymously. His first poetical publications w ere, Gawin Douglas’s Description of May nd Winter modernized. Having afterwards removed to the curacy of Croydon in Surrey, he recommended himself to the notice of Archbishop Herring, then residing there on account of his health, to whom, besides other pieces, he addressed an ode on his recovery in 17û4, which is printed in Mr Dodsley’s collection. In 1755 his grace collated him to the vicarage of Orpington, with St Mary Gray in Kent; and Mr Fawkes lamented his patron’s death m 1757 in an elegy styled Aurelius, first printed, with his graces’s seven sermons, in 1763. In April 1774, by the favour of Dr [7:9:496]Plumtree, he exchanged his vicarage for the rectory of Hayes. He was also one of the chaplains to the princess dowager of Wales. He published a volume of poems by subscription in 8tfo, 1761; the Poetical Kalendar, 1763, and Poetical Magazine, 1764, in conjunction with Mr Woty; Partridge Shooting, an eclogue, to the honourable Charles Yorke, 1767, 4to; and a Family Bible with notes, in 4to, a compilation. But his great strength lay in translation, in which, since Pope, few have surpassed him. His fragments of Menander; his works of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Moschus, and Musaeus, 12mo, 1760; his Idyllia of Theocritus, by subscription, 8vo, 1767; and his Argonautics of Apollonius Rhodius, by subscription, a posthumous publication, completed by the Reverend Mr Meen of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 8vo, 1780, may be referred to in proof of this observation. He died on the 26th August 1777.
FAWN, among sportsmen, a buck or doe of the first year, or the young one of the buck’s breed in its first year.
FAYOUM, a province of Egypt. See the article Egypt.
FE, Santa, a city of Spain, on the river Xenil, in the province of Granada, which was almost entirely overthrown by an earthquake in 1807. Near to it is Sota de Roma, the estate conferred on the Duke of Wellington by the government of Spain.
FE, Fo, or Fohi, the name of the chief god of the Chinese, whom they adore as the sovereign of heaven. They represent him as shining all in light, with his hands hid under his robes, to show that his power does all things invisibly. He has at his right hand the famous Confucius, and at his left Lanza or Lanca, chief of the second sect of their religion.
FEALTY, in Law, an oath taken on the admittance of any tenant, to be true to the lord of whom he holds his land. By this oath the tenant holds in the freest manner, on account that all who have fee hold per fidem et fiduciam, that is, by fealty at the least.

This fealty, at the first creation of it, bound the tenant to fidelity, the breach of which was the loss of his fee. It has been divided into general and special; general, that which is to be performed by every subject to his prince; and special, required only of such as, in respect of their fee, are bound by oath to their lords. To all manner of tenures, except tenancy v at will, and frank-almoign, fealty is incident, though it chiefly belongs to copyhold estates held in fee and for life.
FEAR is defined an apprehension of impending evil, attended with a desire of avoiding it. Fear in the extreme is called terror. Fear, in Scripture, is used in various senses. The fear of God is either filial or servile. Filial fear is a holy affection or gracious habit in the soul, by which it is inclined to obey all God’s commandments, and to hate and avoid evil. Slavish or servile fear is the consequence of guilt; a judicial impression produced by sad thoughts of the provoked majesty of heaven; an alarm within that disturbs the rest of a sinner. Though this fear be in wicked men, yet it is often preparative to faith and repentance. Fear is likewise used for the object of fear. God says that he will send his fear before his people; that is, a dread wrought by him, in order to terrify and destroy the inhabitants of Canaan.

Fear was deified by the Pagans. Tullius Hostilius brought the worship of this deity to Rome. The Ephori of Sparta erected a temple to Fear, near their tribunal, in order to strike awe into those who approached it. Fear was likewise worshipped at Corinth.