pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
NAHN, a district of Hindustan, partly situated in the province of Delhi, on its north-eastern frontier, and partly in Serinagur. It is between the thirtieth and thirty-second degrees of north latitude, and is bounded on the east by the river Jumna. The country is in general woody and mountainous; but is interspersed in the neighbourhood of the city with low hills and extensive wastes, overgrown with wood; yet these wastes might be watered from the Jumna, and brought under cultivation. They are, however, open to the inroads of both the Sikhs and Nepaulese, who plunder the country; and hence the peasants have no encouragement to be industrious. The country is possessed by native chiefs, ever jealous of each other, and who plunder the miserable peasantry, and are in their turn plundered by other robbers more powerful than themselves. The capital, of the same name, is a place of considerable strength, being built of stone, and situated upon the summit of a lofty mountain. Long. 77. 7. E. Lat. 30. 4L N.
NAHR EL BERD, a river of Syria, in the pachalik of Tripoli, which falls into the Mediterranean, about nine miles north of Tripoli.
NAHR ELTEMASIEH, a river of Syria, which falls into the Mediterranean, six miles south of Tortosa.
NAHR GEBAIL, a river of Syria, which falls into the Mediterranean, four miles south of Latakich.
NAHR EL HOUALI, a river of Irak Arabi, the ancient Hermes, which rises in Mount Marius, passes by the ruins of Nisibis, and, after a short course, falls into the Khabour.
NAHR EL KEBIR, a considerable river of Syria, which rises in Mount Libanus, and, after a winding course, falls into the Mediterranean, twenty miles north-east of Tripoli.
NAIADES, in fabulous history, certain inferior deities who presided over rivers, springs, wells, and fountains. The Naiades generally inhabited the country, and resorted to the woods or meadows near the stream over which they presided. They are represented as young and beautiful virgins, each leaning upon an urn, from which flows a stream of water. Aegle was, according to Virgil, the fairest of the Naiades. Their name appears to be derived from ναειν, to flow. They were held in great veneration amongst the ancients; and often sacrifices of goats and lambs were offered to them, with libations of wine, honey, and oil. Sometimes they received only offerings of milk, fruit, and flowers.
NAIANT, in Heraldry i a term used in blazoning fishes, when borne in a horizontal posture, as if swimming.
NAIN, Lewis Sebastian de, a French critic and historian, was son of a master of the requests, and was born at Paris in 1637. At ten years old he went to school at Port-Royal, and became one of the best writers of that institution[7:15:687]. Sacy, his intimate friend and counsellor, prevailed with him in 1676 to receive the priesthood; which, ‘it seems, his great humility would not before suffer him to aspire to. This virtue he seems to have possessed in the extreme; so that Bossuet, seeing one of his letters to Father Dami, with whom he had some little dispute, besought him merrily “not to be always upon his knees before his adversary, but to raise himself up now and then.” He was solicited to push himself forward in the church; and Buzanval, bishop of Beauvois, wished to have him for his successor; but Nain, regardless of dignities, wished for nothing but retirement, so that he might indulge in the mortifications of a religious life and the indefatigable cultivation of letters. He died in 1698, aged sixty-one. His principal works are, 1. Memoirs on the Ecclesiastical History of the first six ages of the Church, in sixteen vols. 4to; and, 2. The History of the Emperors, in six vols. 4to. These works are deduced from original sources, and composed with fidelity and accuracy.
NAISSANT, in Heraldry, is usually applied to any animal issuing out of the midst of some ordinary, and showing only his head, shoulders, fore feet, and legs, with the tip of his tail, the rest of his body being hid in the shield, or some charge upon it. In this it differs from issuant, which denotes a living creature arising out of the bottom of any ordinary or charge.
NAJOO, a small island in the Eastern Seaε, near to the west coast of the island of Celebes. Long. 124. 25. E. Lat. 129. S.
NAMACUL, a town of the south of India, and district of Baramahl, subject to the British. It has a strong fort, situated on a rock of granite. Long. 78. 5. E. Lat. 11. 22. N.
NAMAGANG, a small island in the Eastern Seas, situated in long. 123. E. and lat. 6. 45. N.
NAMBOODY, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Aurungabad. It belongs to the Mahrattas, and is sixteen miles north from Ahmednuggur. Long. 73. 3. E. Lat. 19. 15. N.
NAMPTWICH, or Nantwich, a market-town of the hundred of its own name, in the county of Chester, an hundred and sixty-five miles from London. It is situated on the banks of the river We ver, and has by canals good water communication in all directions. It is one of the largest and best-built towns in the county, with regular streets and handsome houses. It was known to the Romans by the name of Salinis, and must at all times have been a place of importance, from the vast quantities of salt procured from its vicinity. This product is partly made from brine springs highly saturated; and prodigious masses of rock-salt are drawn from mines, or rather quarries, near the town. These mines are many acres in extent. The roofs are supported by pillars, both of the same substance; and the translucent nature of the salt affords a pleasing and picturesque appearance. Many thousands of tons of this rocksalt are annually exported from Liverpool to the ports of Prussia, Russia, and Sweden, on the Baltic Sea. The country around yields a large portion of the best Cheshire cheese; and the trade in that article is carried on upon a very extensive scale, especially with London. The making of shoes is one source of employment; and many of them are sent to the metropolis and other parts of England. There is a well-supplied market, which is held on Saturday. The population of the town amounted in 1801 to 3463, in 1811 to 3999, in 1821 to 4661, and in 1831 to 4886; but the parish includes five other townships, which, by the last census, appear to make the inhabitants of the whole 5357.
NAMUR, a province of the Netherlands. It is formed out of a large portion of the French department of the Sambre and the Meuse, of parts of the ancient duchy of Namur, of some parcels of Liège, Luxemburg, and Brabant, and of the cantons of Philipville and Couvin, ceded to the Netherlands by the peace of 1815. It extends in north latitude from 49. 47. to 50. 49. and in east longitude from 4. 15. to 5. 13. It is 1342 square miles in extent; it is formed into three circles, fifteen cantons, and 313 communes; and it contains 165,000 inhabitants. The surface is covered with hills and mountains, with many valleys between them, in which channels are formed for numerous springs. There are scarcely any extensive[7:15:690] plains; but the lower hills, not exceeding 360 feet in height, are for the most part covered with woods. , The sod in the northern division is of moderate fertility, but in the south it is stony, chalky, or slaty, being almost destitute of mould, and covered with heath or scrubby woods. Agriculture is well conducted in the arrondissement of Namur, but neglected in other parts; so that, with the help of potatoes, which are extensively cultivated, the province barely furnishes corn sufficient for its scanty population, rye and winter barley being the species of grain chiefly grown. Flax, hemp, and rape-seed are produced, but in small quantities. Fruit is abundant, especially walnuts. The vine is but partially cultivated, the whole of the vineyards not exceeding thirty acres. Mines of iron and coal are found in several parts, and worked to such an extent, that about 10,000 tons of cast and wrought iron are procured, and soon converted into utensils. There are manufactures of glass, paper, porcelain, and leather, besides many breweries and distilleries. The inhabitants are of the Walloon race, and much attached to the old customs and religion; they for the most part speak only their peculiar patois, and are almost entirely destitute of education. The two principal rivers, the Sambre and the Meuse, serve to carry off the waters of the numerous small streams, and, when united, become navigable, but only for small craft. The city of Namur is the capital, as well of the arrondissement as of the province. It is situated between two hills, in a valley, on the left bank of the Meuse, where that river is joined by the Sambre and the Bederin. It is strongly fortified, and has a powerful citadel, commanding the city, as well as the passage over the river. It is a well-built place, though with no buildings of a remarkable character. It contains 16,800 inhabitants, who are the chief manufacturers of the province. Long. 4.45. 7. E. Lat. 50.28. 3. N.
NANCOWRY, one of the Nicoar Islands, situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is about twenty-five miles in circumference, and has a rich soil, which, however, is but little cultivated. Between this, the island of Cornarty, and another island, is a very capacious bay, in which ships may lie in the most perfect security. The best entrance is on the east side. The western entrance is narrow, being only 100 fathoms wide, and the tide rolling through it with great force, though it is sufficiently deep to admit the largest vessels. The natural productions of this island are cocoa-nuts, papias, plantains, limes, tamarinds, betel-nut, and a species of bread fruit. Rice is unknown; but yams and other roots are cultivated; and the mangosteen tree and pine apples grow wild. The inhabitants are Mahommedans, and are a civil, quiet people. They are stout and well made, but, like all barbarous people, nowise industrious. They rear a great number of poultry, which they barter for cloth, cutlery, tobacco, and other articles. Their houses are built on piles so near the shore as frequently to admit of the tide flowing under them. The Danes had formerly a small settlement here, consisting of missionaries and a few soldiers. It existed as late as the year 1791, and was withdrawn on account of the sickness amongst the troops, and of the little advantage derived from it. The island is annually visited by from fifteen to twenty large prows, with Malays and Chinese from the coast of Malacca, in quest of edible bird-nests. Long. 93. 43. E. Lat. 7. 57. N.
NANCY, an arrondissement of the department of the Meurthe, in France, extending over 420 square miles. It is divided into six cantons, and subdivided into 137 communes, containing 115,500 inhabitants. The city of Nancy, the capital of the arrondissement, is also the capital of the department of the Meurthe, and the seat of the several administrative boards. It is finely situated at the foot of a hill covered with woods, and watered by the river Meurthe. It is surrounded with ancient walls, and is well built, having beautiful squares, highly adorned by the several buildings around them, and by some elegant triumphal arches. There is here a public collegiate school, with a library of 50,000 volumes, a botanic garden, and cabinets of natural history. Nancy contains 6000 houses and 30,500 inhabitants, and is a place of active industry. The chief articles made are cotton and thin woollen goods, paper, pottery and porcelain ware, liqueurs, starch, snuff, leather, and chemical preparations. Long. 7. 5. 11. E. Lat. 48. 41. 55. N.
NANDAPRAYAGA, a celebrated place of Hindu worship in Northern Hindustan, being situated in the province of Serinagur, at the confluence of the Alcananda with the Nandacni. This is one of the most northerly places of Hindu worship. Long. 79. 22. E. Lat. 30. 22. N.
NANDERE, a district of Hindustan, in the Deccan, 150 miles in length, and about 35 in breadth, being intersected by the river Godavery. The soil is fertile, well watered, and capable of being much improved. The capital is of the same name, and contains a good fortress built of stone, which is garrisoned by the nizam’s troops. It is situated in long. 77. 35. E. and lat. 19. 6. N.
NANDOOR, a town of the south of India, in the Northern Circars, seventy-four miles south-west by south from Vizagapatam. Long. 82. 25. E. Lat. 17. 27. N.
NANGA, a sea-port of the island of Niphon, situated on a bay on the south coast, fifty-five miles south-west from Jedo. Long. 139. 16. E. Lat. 35. 52. N.
NANGASAKI, one of the sea-ports of Japan, at the south-western extremity of the island of Ximo, and one of the largest commercial sea-ports in the island. It is the only point of the empire at which Europeans are permitted to trade; and this permission is confined to the Dutch. The island of Ximo is separated from Nangasaki only by a ditch. It has two gates, one of which, looking to the town, is shut at night upon the Dutch, and is guarded by the Japanese. The other looks to the harbour, which is three miles in length and one in breadth. The Dutch town is built lengthwise, and contains several large storehouses, which have been made fire-proof. The other houses are built of wood, clay, and tiles, with paper windows, and floor-mats of straw. The Japanese interpreters have a large house, and also the Ottonas, who are a sort of spies, and report all that they see to the governor. The Dutch company pay fifteen per cent, and private traders seventy-five per cent, on all goods imported. Nangasaki, the Japanese town, is built at the head of the harbour, and has neither walls nor fortifications. There are two towns; the inner, which contains twenty-six, and the outer, which contains sixty-one streets. These streets are neither straight nor spacious, although many merchants and artificers reside in them. The city is watered by three rivulets, descending from the neighbouring mountains. The most handsome houses are the palaces of the two resident governors, and of other princes and grandees. There are sixty-two temples built on eminences, serving for worship, and also for recreation. Long. 130. 12. E. Lat. 32. 48. N.
NAN-HIUNG, or Nan-yong, a large and populous city of China, in the province of Quangtong, on the northern side of a mountain, which crosses the great road between Pekin and Canton.
NANI, John Baptist, was born in 1616. His father was procurator of St Mark, and ambassador from Venice to Rome. He was educated with attention, and made considerable improvement. Urban VIII. a good judge of merit, soon perceived that of young Nani. He was admitted into the college of senators in 1641, and was shortly afterwards nominated ambassador to France, where he signalized himself by his complaisant manners. He procured considerable succours for the war of Candia against the Turks, and, after his return to Venice, became superintendent of the war-office and of finances. He was subsequently ambassador to the empire, where he rendered those [7:15:691]services to his country which, as a zealous and intelligent citizen, he was so well qualified to discharge. He was again sent to France in the year 1660, to solicit fresh succours for Candia, and on his return was appointed procurator of St Mark. He died on the 5th of November 1768, at the age of sixty-three, much regretted by his countrymen. The senate had appointed him to write the History of the Republic, which he executed to the satisfaction of the Venetians, although the work has not been admired by foreigners. This history was printed at Venice in 1662 and 1679, in two vols. 4to.
NANKA Islands are three in number, and are situated near the west coast of Banca. They produce wood for fuel, and excellent water. Long. 105. 4L E. Lat. 2. 22. S.
NANKANG, a city of China, of the first rank, in Kiangsee. It is situated on a branch of the Poyang Lake. Long. 115. 39. E. Lat. 29. 33. N.
NANKING, a large city of China, and at one time the capital of the southern division of the empire; but, since Pekin became the seat of government, it has lost its former importance, and its population has also diminished. Nanking is situated on the southern bank of the river Yang-tse-Kiang; it was formerly visited by vessels of great burden, and still communicates by smaller barks with all the interior of the empire, and with Pekin by the great canal. It has fine manufactures of silk, which are considered as its staple; and also plain and flowered satins, besides thin woollen stuffs. It is considered as a seat of Chinese learning, being the residence of many great doctors; and the booksellers’ shops are better furnished than any in the empire. The city is kept very clean, though the streets are narrower than those of Pekin. The public eating-houses are numerous, and well supplied. Formerly Nanking had a magnificent palace, which was destroyed in 1645, by the Mantchoo Tartars. It is still adorned with lofty and splendid gateways, and with temples attached to them. It has also a very curious porcelain tower. This celebrated pagoda is of an octagonal form, nine stories in height, and the date of the structure is 1411. Long. 118. 34. E. Lat. 32. 4. N.
NAN-NING, a city of China, in Quangsee, situated in the midst of rivers and small lakes, and of mountains containing iron mines. Long. 107. 44. E. Lat. 22. 44. N.
NANPAREH, a town of Hindustan, in the territories of the Nabob of Oude, eighty miles north-north-east from Lucknow. Long. 81. 30. E. Lat. 27. 52. N.
NANTUA, an arrondissement of the department of the Ain, in France, 310 square miles in extent. It comprehends six cantons, divided into sixty-one communes, and contains 51,500 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated in a narrow valley between two mountains, on the border of the lake of Nantua. It has 340 houses, and 3860 inhabitants, who carry on several tanneries, paper and silk mills, and make hats and cotton goods. Long. 5. 33. E. Lat. 46. 8. N.
NANYANG, a town of China, of the first rank, in Honan. It is situated in a mountainous country, where provisions are cheap. Long. 112. 14. E. Lat. 33. 36. N.
NAPAKIANG, the principal sea-port in the great Loochoo Island, situated about five miles from the capital. The ships Lyra and Alceste lay here for some time, in a roadstead which afforded good anchorage. Long. 127.37. E. Lat. 26. 13. N.
NAPHTHALI, or Nephthali (Josh, xix.), one of the tribes of Israel, having Zabulon on the south, Asher on the west, the Jordan on the east, and on the north the Anti-Libanus.
NAPOLEON’S LAND, a tract of land on the southern coast of New Holland, which extends about fifty leagues, from long. 138. 58. to 140.10. E., and from lat. 35. 40. to 37. 36. S., in the course of which there is no river nor inlet. It was discovered by Captain Baudin in the year 1802. The French, who also sent a squadron of discovery to the coast of New Holland, comprehend under this title a much larger extent of coast, commencing at about 110. E. long, and stretching from 33. to 39. S. lat∙, including the whole coast from Cape Lecuwin on the west, to Wilson’s Promontory on the south. Part of this was, however, previously explored by the expedition under Captain Flinders.
NAPOLI DI ROMANIA, a city of the Morea. It is situated near the upper end of the fine gulf of Napoli, at the distance of seven leagues from the north-west end of the island of Pezza, or Spezzia. The gulf is irregularly formed, and has in it several islands. It was at one period the seat of the Greek government, having been taken from the Turks in December 1822.

It is a place well situated both for defence and for commerce; it has an excellent and secure harbour, and has been sometimes described as the Gibraltar of the Archipelago; but it is not at present in the best state of defence. Before 1821, this place was the dépôt of almost the whole of the exportable produce of Greece, and it carried on a most extensive commerce in sponges, silk, oil, wax, and wines. At present it has not recovered from the effect of the war which so long desolated the country. Though the first appearance is striking, from its position at the foot of a gigantic and abrupt promontory, with impregnable castles on its summits; yet, on entering, the narrow streets, the meanly built houses, the humid air impregnated with foetid odours, and the general filthiness, are most disgusting to every new comer. This condition of the place has produced epidemic fevers, which at various periods have swept away a large portion of the population. The number of inhabitants is very fluctuating, and no very accurate statements are attainable. They have been recently estimated at from 14,000 to 20,000; but if even the smaller number be correct, it must be the most populous place of its size of any city in Europe, for the houses are so small that in every room there must be four or five persons. The manners of the people are still purely eastern, few of the females, except the very poorest, being to be seen out of their dwellings.
NAPPAH, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, thirty miles east by north from Cambay. Long. 73. 15. E. Lat. 22. 27. N.
NARAINGUNGE, a considerable trading town of Bengal, in the district of Dacca, pleasantly situated on the western branch of the river Brahmapootra, denominated the Luckia. It is a place of great trade and industry; its principal commodities being grain, salt, tobacco, and lime. A considerable quantity of fine muslin is also manufactured here; and a scene of activity is exhibited in this place which is very seldom seen in a community purely Hindu. During the rainy season the greater part of the country is inundated. There are still many remains of ill-constructed fortresses, which were raised in this vicinity in the seventeenth century, to protect the country against the Mughs or Arracauners, who at that time made inroads into Bengal with their war-boats, and not only pillaged whole villages, but also carried away the inhabitants and sold them for slaves. On the opposite side of the river is a noted place of Mahommedan pilgrimage called Cuddumresoul, where is shown the impression made by the prophet’s foot on a stone; it is much reverenced by the pious Mahommedan's, who resort to it in great numbers from Dacca and the adjacent villages. The inhabitants amount to 15,000. The principal merchants are not natives of the town, but come from dif ferent districts, and bring their families along with them. Long. 90. 35. E. Lat. 23. 37. N.:
NARAINGUR, a town of Bengal, in the province of Orissa, and district of Midnapoor. It was formerly surrounded by a thick wood, defended by batteries at the entrances; but during the contests between the Afghans and the Moguls such defences were found available against the incursions of cavalry. It is sixty-six miles south-west from Calcutta. Long. 87. 35. E. Lat. 22. 11. N.
NARANGABAD, a town of Hindustan, in the territories of the nabob of Oude, seventy miles north-northwest from Lucknow. Long. 80. 30. E. Lat. 27. 45. N.
NARANJOS, a cluster of small islands amongst the Philippines, twelve miles north-east of Masbate. Long. 123. 54. E. Lat. 12. 29. N.
NARASINGHAPOOR, a town of the south of India, in the province of Mysore, situated on the banks of the Cavery, immediately below its junction with the Capini. It contains about 300 houses, and the surrounding country is productive. The only ferry-boats here are what are called donies, which are circular baskets, eight or ten feet in diameter, and covered with leather, in which the inhabitants cross the river. Long. 77. 5. E. Lat. 12. 8. N.
NARBERTH, a town of South Wales, in the hundred of its own name, in Pembrokeshire, 254 miles from London. It is situated on a hill, contains two townships, and has a market, which is held on Wednesday. The population amounted in 1801 to 1531, in 1811 to 1779, in 1821 to 2395, and in 1831 to 2589.