pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
ELEVATION, the same with altitude or height.

Elevation of the Host, in the church of Rome, that part of the mass where the priest raises the host above his head for the people to worship it.
ELEVATOR, in Anatomy, the name of several muscles, [7:8:667]so called from their serving to raise the parts or the body to which they belong.
ELEVATORY, in Surgery, an instrument for raising depressed or fractured parts of the skull, to be applied after the integuments and periosteum have been removed.
ELEVE, a term purely French, though used also in our language. It signifies literally a disciple or scholar bred up under any master, being formed from an Italian word signifying an apprentice or novice. It was first used by the French writers in speaking of painters; such a painter was said to be an élève of Da Vinci, of Raffaelle, and so on. From painting it came to be applied to such as studied or learned any other art under a master. In the Royal Academy of Sciences there were twenty élèves; and in that of Inscriptions, ten élèves.
ELF, a term now almost obsolete, formerly used to denote a fairy or hobgoblin; an imaginary being, the creature of ignorance and superstition.

ELF-Arrows, in Natural History, a name given to the flints anciently fashioned into arrow-heads, and still found in Scotland, America, and several other parts of the world. It was believed by the vulgar that they were shot by fairies, and that cattle were sometimes killed by them.
ELFSBORG, a province in the southern part of Sweden. It is bounded on the north by Carlstadt, on the north-cast by Wenar, on the east by Skaraborg, on the south-east by Jonkoping, on the south-west by Helmstadt, and on the west by Gottcborg. It extends over 3106 square miles, is divided into six bailiwicks, comprehends five cities, one market-town, and 4266 rural establishments, and contains 156,271 inhabitants. The land is generally mountainous and stony, or marshy and sandy, and yet produces corn nearly sufficient for the demand; but that demand is considerably lessened by the supply of potatoes, ruta baga, and other vegetables. It also produces some hemp and flax. The woods are the chief sources of the means of subsistence, by the employment they give to the labourers in cutting down, sawing, and conveying timber to the sea. The chief place is Wer-nersburg.
ELGANDEL, a town of Hindustan, in the Nizam’s dominions, in the province of Hyderabad, ninety-five miles north-cast from Hyderabad. Long. 79. 20. Ľ. Lat. 18. 29. N.
ELGINSHIRE, or Morayshire. See Morayshire.
ELI, a high priest of the Israelites, and judge over them for forty years, was descended from Ithamar, a junior branch of the house of Aaron, and seems to have blended the priestly with the judicial character. He flourished in the year 1156 before the commencement of the Christian era. It appears that the Jews were in a state of subjection or vassalage to the Philistines during the greater part of Eli’s administration, and, what may at first appear singular, he contributed to the degeneracy of his countrymen, although his own piety and goodness were unimpeachable. He did not exert his magisterial authority in the exemplary punishment of vice, and even permitted his own sons to perpetrate with impunity the most atrocious acts of impiety and debauchery.

The deity was so justly offended with this deportment of Eli, that a sacred seer was commissioned to upbraid him for his ingratitude and want of resolution. The young Samuel was likewise favoured with a vision of the approaching ruin of Eli’s family, which he related to the venerable high priest, on being solemnly adjured not to conceal a single circumstance. When Eli heard the declaration of the young prophet, being fully convinced that his conduct had been highly reprehensible, he exclaimed, “It is the Lord; let him do what seemeth him good.” Soon after this the Israelites sustained a considerable loss in attempting to procure their emancipation, carrying the ark of God into their camp in order to animate the people and intimidate their enemies; but the ark was captured by the Philistines, and Hophni and Phineas were slain. When intelligence was brought to Eli that the ark of God was taken, he instantly fell backwards from his seat, broke his neck, and died, in the ninety-eighth year of his age.
ELISHA the prophet, famous for the miracles which he performed, died about 830 years before Christ.
ELISION, in Grammar, the cutting off or suppressing a vowel at the end of a word, for the sake of sound or measure, the next word beginning with a vowel. Elisions are pretty frequently met with in English poetry, but oftener in the Latin, French, Italian, and other languages. They consist chiefly in the suppression of the a, e, and i, though an elision suppresses any of the other vowels.
ELIXATION, in Pharmacy, the extracting of the virtues of ingredients by boiling or stewing.
ELIXIR, in Aledicine, a compound tincture extracted from many efficacious ingredients. Hence the difference between a tincture and an elixir seems to be this, that a tincture is drawn from one ingredient, sometimes with an addition of another to open it and to dispose it to yield to the menstruum; whereas an elixir is a tincture extracted from several ingredients at the same time.
ELIZONDO, a town of Spain, in the province of Navarre. It is the capital of the district of the Valley of Bastan, near Roncesvalles, which enjoys some peculiar privileges; and is situated in a cold country, near the Pyrenees, which produces wheat, maize, hemp, and flax. Many turnips are grown in this district; and it has excellent cider, but no wine. Lat. 43. 9. 43. N.
ELK, in Zoology. See Mammalia.
ELL {ulna), a measure which obtains, under different denominations, in most countries, and by which cloths, stuffs, linens, silks, and the like, are usually measured, answering nearly to the yard of England, the canna of Italy, the vara of Spain, and the palm of Sicily. See Weights and Measures.
ELLBOGEN, a circle in the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia, extending over 1343 square miles, and comprehending forty-three cities and towns and 609 villages, with 32,829 houses and 193,537 inhabitants. The chief town, of the same name, stands on a steep rock, at the foot or which runs the river Eger, which makes a bend that nearly surrounds it. It contains 457 houses, with 1508 inhabitants, who subsist by handicraft employments, and by the preparation of alum and of sulphur.
ELLESMERE, a market-town of Shropshire, in the hundred of Pimhill, 242 miles from London. The name is derived from a beautiful lake or meer, near to which it is situated. From Ellesmere castle there is a fine prospect extending over the surrounding counties, none of which, it is said, can be seen from it. A navigable canal connects the town with the Mersey. The market is held on Tuesday. The population amounted in 1801 to 5553, in 1811 to 5639, in 1821 to 6056, and in 1831 to 6540.
ELLICHPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Berar. It was first acquired by the Mahommedans in 1294, and is the proper capital of Berar, Nagpoor being of recent date. The travelling distance from Nagpoor is 122 miles, from Delhi 604, from Madras 671, and from Calcutta 844 miles.
ELLIPSIS, in Grammar, a figure of syntax, in which one or more words are not expressed; and from this deficiency it has got the name of ellipsis.
ELLMORE, a town of Hindustan, in the northern circars, and district of Cicacole, twenty miles N.N.E. from the town of Cicacole. Long. 84. 10. Ľ. Lat. 18. 24. N.
ELLORE, a town of Hindustan, capital of the northern circar of the same name. Long. 81. 10. E. Lat∙ 16. 45. N. The circar is situated principally between the sixteenth and seventeenth degrees of north latitude. The principal towns are Ellore, Colaircotta, and Gundgoli∙
ELLRICH, a city of Prussia, in the government of Erfurt and circle of Hohenstein. It stands on the river Zorge, and contains 470 houses, with 2820 inhabitants, who find employment in woollen manufactories, tanneries, and paper and oil mills. About two miles from it is the celebrated cavern called Hartzhole. It is 290 feet long, 260 broad, and 156 high. The entrance to it is 150 feet high, and it is filled with water to the depth IMįJjO feet.
ELLWANGEN, a bailiwick of the circle of the Jaxt, in the kingdom of Wirtemberg, comprehending two cities, one town, and two hundred and thirty-four villages, with 25,337 inhabitants. It is better adapted for pasture than for corn. The capital is a city of the same name, situated on the Jaxt, in which is a gymnasium and high school. It contains eleven churches, 408 houses, and 2590 inhabitants. Long. 9. 57. E. Lat. 48. 58. N.
ELLYS, Dr Anthony, who was born in 1693, and educated at Clarchall, Cambridge, after rising through many inferior degrees of dignity in the church of England, was in 1752 promoted to the see of St David’s. He died at Gloucester in 1761, and is mentioned here only on account of his works, which are but little known. They are as follow: 1. A Plea for the Sacramental Test as a just security to the Church established, and very conducive to the welfare of the State; 2. Remarks on Hume’s [7:8:674]Essay on Miracles; 3. Tracts on the Liberty spiritual and temporal of Protestants in England, addressed to J. N., Esq. at Aĩx-la-Chapelle, the first part of which was printed in 1763, and the second in 1765; besides occasional sermons. In these tracts, as the editors of them truly observe, he “discovers not only fine parts, extensive knowledge, and sound judgment, but a heart overflowing with benevolence and candour, and a most Christian temper; for he always thought a person, though on the right side of the question, with principles of persecution, to be a worse man than he that was on the wrong.” This amiable and respectable writer afforded in his own conduct a proof that a man may be steadily attached to a party without wishing to encroach upon the rights of others.
ELMACINUS, Elmacin, or Elmakyn, George, author of a History of the Saracens, and known in the East by the name of Ibn-Amid, was a Christian of Egypt, where he was born in the year of the hegira 620, and of our era 1225. He occupied the place of ketib or secretary at the court of the sultans of Egypt; an office which was usually filled by Christians. His history comes down from the time of Mahommed till the year of the hegira 512, answering to the year of our Lord 1117; in which he sets down year by year, in a very concise manner, whatever regards the Saracen empire, intermixed with some passages relating to the eastern Christians. His abilities must have been considerable, since, as we have just seen, he held an office of trust near the persons of the Mahommedan princes. He was son to Yascr Al Amid, secretary to the council of war under the sultans of Egypt for. forty-five years; and in 1238, when his father died, succeeded him in his place. He died at Damascus in the year of the hegira 675, and of our era 1273. His history of the Saracens was translated from Arabic into Latin by Erpinius, and printed in both languages at Leyden, 1625, in folio. Erpinius died before the publication was completed; but Golius superintended it, and added a preface. It was dedicated by Erpinius’s widow to Dr Andrews, bishop of Winchester. The title of the work is, Historia Sαrace-nica, qua res gestae Muslimorum, inde a Muhammede primo imperii et religionis Muslimixoe auctore, usque ad initium imperii Atabecaei, per XLIX. imperatorum successionem fidelissime explicantur, insertis etiam passim Christianorum rebus in Orientis potissimum ecclesiis eodem tempore gestis. Arabice olim exarata a G. Elmacino et Latine reddita. Leyden, 1625, 8vo. The Latin text was printed separately the same year, in quarto; and there also exists an edition which only contains the Arabic text, and appears to have been designed for the Christians of the Levant. The work has been translated in whole or in part into several modern languages.
ELOGY, a praise or panegyric bestowed on any person or thing, in consideration of its merit. The beauty of elogy consists in an expressive brevity. Eulogiums should not have so much as one epithet, properly so called, nor two words synonymous; they should strictly adhere to truth, as extravagant and improbable elogics rather tend to lessen than exalt the character of the person or thing they would extol. ✓
ELOHI, Eloi, or Elohim, in Scripture, one of the names of God. But it is to be observed that angels, princes, great men, judges, and even false gods, are sometimes called by this name. The sequel of the discourse is what assists as in judging rightly concerning the true meaning of this word. It is the same as Eloha, only the one is the singular and the other the plural. Nevertheless Elohim is often construed in the singular number, particularly when the true God is spoken of; but when false gods are spoken of, it is construed rather in the plural.
ELOINED, in Law, signifies restrained or hindered from doing something. Thus it is said, that if those within age be cloined, so that they cannot sue personally, their next friend shall sue for them.
ELONGATION, in Astronomy, the digression or recess of a planet from the sun, with respect to an eye placed on our earth. The term is chiefly used in speaking of Venus or Mercury, the arch of a great circle intercepted between either of these planets and the sun being called the elongation of that planet from the sun.
ELORA, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Aurungabad, near the city of Dowletabad. In a mountain near this town there are some remarkable excavations, containing mythological symbols of the Hindu worship, and temples ornamented with representations and statues of many of the deities worshipped by the Hindus. The principal figures are those of Indra, the god of the firmament, and his consort Indranee. Besides these, there are some figures of the deities adored by the sectaries of Boodh and Parisinath; but all of them have been forsaken by the priests. The temples here are said to have been built by the rajah Edoo of Ellichpoor, who was cured of some cutaneous disorders by a spring near the place, and who in gratitude gave orders for the construction of the temple, which measures 138 feet in front, and in the interior extends 247 feet in length by 150 feet in breadth, and is in some places 100 feet high. The sixth volume of the Asiatic Researches contains a minute account of these curious antiquities. Long. 76. E. Lat. 19. 56. N.
ELPHINSTONE, William, a Scotish prelate and statesman of considerable eminence, was born at Glasgow in the year 1431. At the university of this city he received his education, and in the learning which distinguished the period he made extraordinary proficiency. He afterwards went to France, to make himself master of the civil and canon law in the university of Paris, where in due time he became a professor, and for the space of six years acquired reputation in the discharge of his duty. On his return to Scotland he entered into holy orders, was soon appointed official of Glasgow, and afterwards of St Andrews. He was admitted a member of the king’s council; and on a misunderstanding taking place between James III. of Scotland and Louis XI. of France, his powerful mediation at the latter court, in conjunction with the Bishop of Dunkeld and the Earl of Buchan, effected an amicable reconciliation. As Elphinstone on this occasion displayed much prudence and eloquence, the king was so grateful for his meritorious services that he rewarded him with the see of Ross, from which he was translated to that of Aberdeen about the year 1484. He was also appointed to the high office of chancellor of the kingdom, which he managed with so much moderation and equity that all parties esteemed and admired him. When the civil wars broke out between James and the discor tented nobility, Bishop Elphinstone appears to have declined all interference with public affairs of a political nature, and to have confined himself to the discharge of his episcopal duties. But when James IV. ascended the throne, his abilities as a statesman were again called forth, and he was chosen ambassador to the Emperor Maximilian, in order to ncgociate a marriage between his royal master and the emperor’s daughter; but she had been previously promised to another. Yet the bishop’s mission was not without its salutary effects, as he was the mean of terminating an enmity which had long existed between the Dutch and Scots. This he conducted in such a masterly manner, that James never undertook any thing of importance without first procuring the sanction of his approbation. He was equally the zealous patron of learning; and it is generally believed that the establishment of a university at Aberdeen was entirely owing to his influence with the [7:8:675]pope, from whom he obtained a bull for that purpose; and by his exertions was King’s College undertaken and completed. Having bequeathed a large sum of money for its support, he terminated his mortal career in 1514. Although he had attained the age of about eighty-three, his constitutional vigour was very little impaired, and all the faculties of bis mind were in full force; but the calamity which the nation sustained at Floddon-field had broken his heart. He wrote a history of his native country, which is among the manuscripts of Sir Thomas Fairfax, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
ELPISAN, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in the province of Diarbckir, situated on the river Euphrates, two miles north-west of Kcrkisich.
ELSFLETH, a town in the duchy of Oldenburg, in Germany, at the conflux of the Hunte and the Weser. It contains 192 houses, and 1562 inhabitants. The vessels which frequent this port anchor lower in the river, near Brake. Long. 8. 21. 5. E. Lat. 53. 14. 50. N. It is the capital of a bailiwick, with six parishes, 1135 houses, and 7510 inhabitants.
ELSINEUR, a city of Denmark, in the island Zealand. It was formerly a Hanse town, and is now the second city in Denmark proper. It is strongly fortified, and has a castle, Cronburg, designed to command the entrance of the Baltic Sea by the Sound; but in the English attacks on Copenhagen it was found of no avail. The passage of ships, who pay a toll, makes the town active and prosperous. It contains 552 houses and 5000 inhabitants, besides the garrison. The environs are pleasant and fruitful, and the castlc, with Hamlet’s Garden, as it is called, is visited by most English travellers who arrive at Elsineur. It is in long. 12. 35. 19. E. and lat. 56. 1. 40. N.
ELSNAPPEN, a small seaport of Sweden, in Westmanland. It is on the side of the Baltic, and is capable of admitting ships of war. Thirty-two miles cast-northeast of Nykioping.
ELTHAM, a market-town of the county of Kent, in the hundred of Blackheath, eight miles from London. The market is held on Monday. It is remarkable for the manor-house called King John’s Palace, formerly a royal residence; and for a modern building on Shooter’s Hill, erected by Commodore James, to celebrate his capture of a similar fortress called Savendroog, belonging to Angria, a pirate on the coast of Bombay, in India. The population amounted in 1801 to 1627, in 1811 to 1813, in 1821 to 1883, and in 1831 to 2129.
ELTMANN, a bailiwick of the circle of the Lower Maine, in the kingdom of Bavaria, extending over forty-four square miles. It contains, besides the capital, thirteen villages and 3039 inhabitants. The capital, of the same name, is situated on the river Zeil, and contains 1010 inhabitants.
ELVAS, a town of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo. It is well fortified, and may be considered as one of the keys of the kingdom to the south, on the side of Spain; and it is one of the fortresses opposed to the city of Badajos.
ELY, a city of Cambridgeshire, the chief place of a division of that county distinguished as the Isle of Ely, having a distinct jurisdiction, the chief justice and other magistrates of which are nominated by the bishop. The city, though elevated somewhat above the surrounding country, is considered as unhealthy, from the marshy soil which surrounds it. It is not a well-built place, and consists chiefly of one street. The cathedral is an object of attraction as the work of several ages, displaying a mixture of the Anglo-Norman and English styles of architecture. It is upwards of 400 feet in length, and has a tower at the west end 270 feet in height. There are, besides, two parish churches. The bishopric is one of the most valuable in England, both on account of its income and its patronage. It is the only city which sends no members to the House of Commons. The land around it is highly fertile; much of it is appropriated by market-gardeners, and supplies the neighbourhood as far as Cambridge with culinary vegetables. The market is held on Saturday. It is sixty-six miles from London, and fourteen from Cambridge. The population amounted in 1801 to 3713, in 1811 to 4249, in 1821 to 5079, and in 1831 to 6189.
ELYSIUM, the place which, according to the ancient pocts, the souls of the blessed inhabited. By Homer it was placed in the vicinity of Oceanus, and on the extreme confines of the earth. Here Nature produced her most delicious fruits without assistance from the hand of man. No winter storm ever obscured the brilliancy of the atmosphere; but cooling zephyrs refreshed the air, and wafted on their wings the most delightful perfumes. Such was the abode destined by Jupiter for his son-in-law Menelaus. It is curious to observe the various changes of position in respect to these Elysian Fields, as a more intimate acquaintance with the geography of different countries successively dispelled the erroneous impressions made by the foolish statements of travellers. The Greeks in the earlier ages placed them in the district of Thesprotia, where they also found the Acheron, Cocytus, and Avernus; and it was to this elysium that Homer tells us Mercury conducted the souls of the suitors of Penelope, after they had been killed by Ulysses. But they afterwards transported the Elysian Fields and Avernus to the vicinity of Baia in Campania.

Largior Inc campos aether et lumine vestit Purpureo; so]emque suum, sua sidera norunt.

And it was not till later times that they thought of fixing these imaginary abodes at the extremity of Iberia, where they found the Lethe, “that slow and silent stream, the river of oblivion,” which is now called Guadalete, as well as another of the same name in Lusitania.
ELZEVIRS, celebrated printers at Amsterdam and Leyden, who greatly adorned the republic of letters with many beautiful editions of the best authors of antiquity. They were five in number, namely, Louis, Bonaventure, Abraham, Lewis, and Daniel. Louis began to be famous at Leyden in 1595, and was remarkable for being the first who observed the distinction between the v consonant and u vowel, which had been recommended by Ramus and other writers long before, but never regarded. Daniel died in 1680 or 1681; and though he left children who carried on the business, he nevertheless passes for the last of his family who excelled in printing.
EMANATION, the act of flowing or proceeding from some source or origin. Such is the emanation of light from the sun; that of effluvia from odorous or fragrant bodies; of wisdom from God, and so on. The word is formed of the Latin e, out of, and manare, to flow or stream. Emanation is also used to signify that which proceeds, as well as the act of proceeding. The power given to a judge is an emanation from the royal authority; the reasonable soul is an emanation from the divinity.