pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
SAMAR, one of the Philippine Islands, 140 miles in length by sixty in average breadth. It is situated southeast from the large island of Luzon, from which it is separated by a strait five leagues in breadth. It is of an extremely fertile soil, which, besides other grain, produces abundance of rice, that is wholly appropriated to the use of the parochial clergy. The common food of the natives consists chiefly in a species of potato, yams, and a sort of root named gaby. The soil is favourable for the production of the sugar-cane, and fruits, such as lemons, melons, figs, of which there are about fourteen different species, the pumplemous, a species of orange, which is nearly five inches in diameter, and other vegetables besides, namely, cabbages, garlic, onions, and the like. Pepper, honey, and wax are found in the woods; and from the sap of the cocoa, nipe, and cabonegro trees, excellent materials are found for the manufacture of brandy. The woods afford an excellent cover for many animals, and monkeys abound; also a remarkably large deer, wild buffaloes, and other quadrupeds. They swarm also with every description of birds, particularly the common fowl. There are three species of the turtle-dove. The parroquet, cockatoo, and another pretty little bird of the same genus, and of the size of a linnet, are quite common. A diminutive bird, of the size of a wasp, is also seen, of the most vivid and beautiful Colom’s, consisting of a shade of yellow mixed with red and blue. There is a curious production found in this island. It consists in numerous folds of the bark of a tree, which in a certain period of putrefaction are separable without art or difficulty. These pieced together afford a species of fine linen, harsh, indeed, and disagreeable to the skin, but which is softened by a preparation of lime. Besides serving as the materials of linen, it is likewise useful for the purposes of cordage. The iron-tree, ebony, and dyeing-wood, grow everywhere; and gold dust is found in small quantities in the interior.

The natives, especially those who reside upon the seacoast, were formerly Mahommedans; but being converted by the missionary Jesuits, they embraced the religion and submitted to the authority of Spain. Their houses are constructed of bamboos, and being raised a few feet from the ground, they admit a circulation of air from beneath. The natives are extremely simple in their habits, and are clothed with very little trouble or expense. The priests exercise over them both spiritual and temporal authority. They give them advice and admonition, which is always accompanied with presents of wine and medicines, or food; and when punishment is necessary, it is promptly inflicted. Long. 124. 15. to 125. 52. E. Lat. 11. 15. to 12. 45. N.
SAMARA, a town of Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, revered by Mussulmen as containing the tomb of Mahommed al Mahudi, the twelfth imam. It was known in antiquity, and was in the ninth century the residence of several caliphs of the house of Abbas. It now only contains about four hundred houses. It is sixty miles north of Bagdad.
SAMARANG, a fortified town on the north-east coast of the island of Java, and the principal central station in the island, being the capital of a large district. It has a considerable European population, and ranks next in importance to Batavia. The town is defended by a stone parapet, with bastions and a wet ditch; but is in no condition to withstand a siege by European troops, being only calculated for defence against a native power. It has a good hospital, and a public school, chiefly for the teaching of mathematics, where numbers of Dutch and half-caste children were formerly educated for the military profession; and also a theatre, a fine large church, and a variety of other public buildings, both elegant and commodious, within and without the city. Between the town and the sea-coast is an impassable morass, through which the access to the town is by two fine roads east and west, both of which are raised, and communicate with each other. Owing to shoals, ships are obliged to lie at the distance of five or six miles from the shore, the anchorage being six fathoms, with a muddy bottom. The river is navigable for prows and coasting vessels as far as the town. In blowing weather the bar at the mouth is very dangerous. The surrounding country is remarkably fertile, and provisions in the town are consequently abundant and cheap. The climate is more healthy than that of Batavia, and the European inhabitants have more active habits. In the environs are numerous villas, which, from their elevated situation, command a view of the neat garden-houses and beautifully verdant fields below. There is here a numerous population of natives and Chinese, and crowded villages overspread the neighbourhood. Samarang was always the seat of a separate governor, who was called the governor of Java, his authority extending from Cheribon to the eastern extremity of the island. This government is one of the most lucrative in the gift of the Dutch East India Company, and is surpassed only by that of the governor-general. It is 343 miles east from Batavia. Long. 110. 38. E. Lat. 6. 54. S.
SAMARIA, in Ancient Geography, one of the three larger Cisjordan districts, situated in the middle between Galilee to the north and Judaea to the south, beginning at the village Ginaea, in the Campus Magnus, and ending at the toparchy called Acrobatena. Its soil differs in nothing from that of Judaea, both being equally hilly and champaign, and both equally fertile in corn and fruit. It is called the kingdom of Samaria in Ephraim, comprehending the ten tribes, and consequently all the country to the north of Judaea and east and west of Jordan.

SamarIA, the capital city of the kingdom of Samaria, or of the ten tribes. It was built by Omri king of Israel, who began to reign in the year of the world 3079, and died 3086.
SAMAVAT, a town of the Syrian desert, to the west of the Euphrates, once a considerable city, but now only containing 300 Arabs, who levy exorbitant contributions on all pilgrims who take this route to the holy city. It is ninety miles west of Meshed Ali.
SAMBACCA, a town of the island of Sicily, in the province of Mazzara, and fifty miles from Palermo. It is in a healthy situation on a hill, eight miles from the sea-shore, and contains 9600 inhabitants.
SAMBAH, a town of Hindustan, in the Sikh territories, and province of Lahore, situated on the eastern side of the small river Deeg, fifty-five miles north-north-east from the city of Lahore. Long. 74. 8. E. Lat. 32. 34. N.
SAMBAR Point, the south-west point of the large island of Borneo.
SAMBASS, a town and river on the west coast of the island of Borneo. The town is about forty miles up the river. It is built, as the seaport towns in Borneo generally are, of timber and bamboos, and is raised on wooden stalks and piles, on low swampy morasses. The river is wide at its entrance, which is in long. 109. 5. E. and lat. 1. 12. N. The inhabitants here, as in other towns on the coast, were much addicted to piracy. They were in the practice of darting out on defenceless vessels, so that it became quite unsafe for the European trader to venture near so dangerous a coast. It was on account of these piracies that the place was attacked by the British in 1812, who were repulsed with loss, and suffered still more severely from the pestilential effects of the climate. In 1813, a second attack was made by a British armament, which proved completely successful.
SAMBAYA, a river on the north coast of the island of Java, which is navigable in the rainy season as far as the residence of the Emperor of Solo; and a recent survey, made by Captain Colebrooke, shows that the impediments to its further navigation might be easily removed.
SAMBELONG Islands, two or three islands among the Nicoar Islands, a little to the north of the Great Nicoar. Long. 100. 36. E. Lat. 41. 20. N.
SAMBER, a Rajpoot town of Hindustan, in the province of Ajmeer, and district of Jyepoor. It is situated in the vicinity of a salt lake, from which the greater part of Hindustan is supplied with salt, which is a source of great prosperity to the town.
SAMBHAR Cape, on the south-western coast of the island of Borneo. Long. 109. 50. E. Lat. 2. 52. S.
SAMBOANGAN, a Spanish fortress and settlement on the south-west extremity of the island of Magindanao. The town is situated on the banks of a small rivulet which flows into the sea, and contains a thousand inhabitants, including officers, soldiers, and their respective families. Here are erected, on posts twelve feet high, small look-out houses, in all of which a constant guard is kept by the Spaniards, against the inroads of the natives, with whom they are in a state of perpetual hostility. The military force consists of 150 to 200 soldiers, natives of Manilla, who have no discipline. To this place criminals are sent into banishment from the Philippines. The adjacent country is extremely fertile, and cattle have multiplied everywhere in the woods. Pirates swarm in the neighbourhood, and frequently plunder and cut off vessels richly laden, while lying in the harbour. They frequently make descents close to the fort, and carry off the inhabitants, whom they sell into slavery. Long. 122. 10. E. Lat. 6. 45. N.
SAMBOR, a circle of the Austrian kingdom of Gallicia, extending over 2050 square miles, comprising ten cities and towns, and 352 villages, with 250,700 inhabitants, about one fifth of whom are Jews. The capital is the city of the same name, which is situated on the river Dniester. It stands on a fine plain, is tolerably well built, and has a gymnasium, one Greek and three Catholic churches, 1170 houses, and 6950 inhabitants. Long. 23. 30. 31. E. Lat. 49. 31. 30. N.
SAMBUCA, σαμξυζυχη, appears to have been an instrument of the harp kind, of a triangular form, and having strings of unequal length and thickness, said to have been invented by Ibycus of Messina, a lyric poet, contemporary with Anacreon; more probably, we think, an oriental instrument adopted by the ancient Greeks. (Consult Athenaeus, 1. 4 and 1. 14.)
SAMGAUM, a town of Hindustan, in the province of the Carnatic, and district of Nelloor, situated on the north bank of the Pennar river. Long. 70. 44. E. Lat. 14. 33. N.
SAMMAN, a town in the interior of Lasha, in Arabia, fifty miles west-north-west of El Katif.
SAMOGITIA, a province of Poland, bounded on the north by Courland, on the east by Lithuania, on the west by the Baltic Sea, and on the south by Regal Prussia, being a hundred and seventy-five miles in length and a hundred and twenty-five in breadth.
SAMOIEDA, a country of the Russian empire, between Asiatic Tartary and Archangel, lying along the sea-coast as far as Siberia. The inhabitants are extremely rude and barbarous, travelling on the snow in sledges drawn by an animal like a rein-deer, but with the horns of a stag. Their chief employment consists in hunting and fishing.
SAMON, an island in the Eastern Seas, to the northwest of Timor. It is hilly, and covered with wood. The tides run very strong, and occasion ripplings, which have the appearance of breakers.
SAMPANMANGO Cape, the north-west point of the island of Borneo. Long. 116. 52. E. Lat. 7. 0. N.
SAMPIT, a town of the island of Borneo, on the south coast, near a river of the same name, 140 miles west of Banjar Massam.
SAMPOO, a small island in the Eastern Seas, near the south coast of Java. Long. 112. 26. E. Lat. 8. 23. S.
SAMRONGUR, a town of Hindustan, in the district of Ncpaul. It has a large artificial reservoir in the vicinity, which shows the country to have been better cultivated than at present. Long. 85. 30. E. Lat. 26. 45. N.
SAMSOE, an island belonging to the kingdom of Denmark, in the Cattegat, between Zealand and Jutland. It is forty-five square miles, or 28,800 acres, in extent, and is divided into six parishes, containing 2400 inhabitants. It is of moderate fertility, producing both corn, butter, and cheese, and occupying a part of the people in the fisheries.
SAMSON, one of the judges of Israel, memorable for his supernatural strength, his victories over the Philistines, and his tragical end, as related in the book of Judges.

Samson’s Post, a sort of pillar erected in a ship’s hold, between the lower deck and the kelson, under the edge of a hatchway, and furnished with several notches that serve as steps to mount or descend, as occasion requires. This post being firmly driven into its place, not only serves to support the beam and fortify the vessel in that place, but also to prevent the cargo or materials contained in the hold from shifting to the opposite side, by the rolling of the ship in a heavy sea.
SAMSOON, a port on the southern shore of the Black Sea, to the westward of Trebisond. It contains many well-built houses, seven mosques, one Armenian church, and 500 Ma-hommedan and 200 Christian families. The vicinity has long been noted for silver and copper mines, two of which, lying between Samsoon and Kabback, and near the river Saracz Gourkhan, are deemed of gτeat antiquity, and are called Malett and Jumbish. They have been recently opened anew. From the earliest times all these districts, to the very margin of the Euxine, have also been famous for workers in iron, and they bear the same reputation now as in ancient times.
SAMUEL, Books of, two canonical books of the Old Testament, being usually ascribed to the prophet Samuel. The books of Samuel and the books of Kings are a continued history of the reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah; for which reason the books of Samuel are likewise styled the first and second books of Kings. Since the first twenty-four chapters contain all that relates to the history of Samuel, and the latter part of the first book and all the second include the relation of events that happened after the death of that prophet, it has been supposed that Samuel was author only of the first twenty-four chapters, and that the prophets Gad and Nathan finished the work. The first book of Samuel comprehends the transactions under the government of Eli and Samuel, and under Saul, the first king, and also the acts of David whilst he lived under Saul; and is supposed to contain the space of a hundred and one years. The second book contains the history of about forty years, and is wholly spent in relating the transactions of David’s reign.
SAMULCOTTA, a town of Hindustan, in the province of the Circars, and district of Rajamundry. Pepper grows wild on the neighbouring hills. It is situated on the north bank of a small river, a few miles from the sea. Long. 82. 30. E. Lat. 17. 5. N.
SAMUR. a river of Persia, in the province of Shirvan, which rises in the mountains of Lesghistan, and falls into the Caspian. At its mouth there is a small town of the same name, fifteen miles south of Derbend.
SAN, a river of China, which rises on the frontier of Tartary, and falls into the Gulf of Leatong. Long. 117. 28. E Lat. 39. 9. N.
SAN del Bose, an elevated island in the Eastern Seas. Long. 120. 31. E. Lat. 10. 27. S.
SAN Paloi, a small island near the west coast of Luzon. Long. 120. 10. E. Lat. 14. 45. N.

San Juan de Puerto Rico . See Porto Rico .
SAN Lucar de Barrameda, a city of Spain, in the province of Andalusia. It is a good port, at the entrance of the river Guadalquivir, and the city is built on its eastern bank. The trade of Seville in a great degree centres here, as the larger vessels belonging to that city cannot ascend higher up the river. It is well fortified towards the sea. The country around it is cultivated quite to the shore, and produces rich crops of grapes, olives, and the other fruits of the climate, but little or no corn. It contains 15,200 inhabitants.

San SEBASTIAN, a city of Spain, in the province of Guipuscoa, at the mouth of the river Urumea, which runs from Navarre. Its harbour is excellent, and, as well as the city, is defended by the strong fortress La Mota, which overlooks both; and it has other powerful fortifications towards the land as well as the sea. It has considerable trade by means of ships of great burden. The mole is a magnificent and well-executed work, as is the lighthouse, which is visible at sea at nine leagues distance. San Sebastian has always been considered, for its extent, the most commercial city of Spain, and its trade is as ancient, as its foundation. The city contains about seven hundred houses, mostly containing two or more families, and the population is 13,100 souls; but the country around it is thickly studded with country residences, and is well peopled. The land in its neighbourhood is not fertile, but the hills which surround it abound with iron, and are a great source of wealth to the inhabitants. It is in latitude 43. 19. 39. north, and longitude 1. 30. 35. west from London.
SANA, the capital of the province of Yemen, in Arabia, and the residence of the Imam. It is situated in a barren and stony valley amidst lofty hills, and is surrounded in its immediate vicinity with fine gardens and luxuriant woods. It contains many handsome stone houses, and others substantially built of brick, and is said by Sir Henry Middleton to be somewhat larger than Bristol, in space at least, if not in population. It is defended by a strong mud-wall. Fruits are plentiful in the neighbourhood. It is 128 miles north-north-east of Mocha. Long. 44. 9. E. Lat. 15. 21. N.
SANADON, Noel Εtienne, a Jesuit, and a distinguished professor of humanity at Caen, was born at Rouen in 1676. He there became acquainted with Huet, bishop of Avranches, whose taste for literature and poetry was similar to his own. Sanadon afterwards taught rhetoric at the university of Paris, and upon the death of Du Morceau he was intrusted with the education of the prince of Conti. In 1728 he was made librarian to Louis XIV., an office which he retained to his death, which took place on the 2lst of September 1733, in the fifty-eighth year of his age.

His works are, 1. Latin Poems, in 12mo, 1715, reprinted by Barbou, in 8vo, 1754. His style possesses the graces of the Augustan age. His language is pure and nervous, his verses are harmonious, and his thoughts are delicate and well chosen, but sometimes his imagination flags. His Latin poems consist of odes, elegies, epigrams, and others, on various subjects. 2. A translation of Horace, with remarks, in two vols. 4to, printed at Paris in 1727. The best edition of this work, however, was printed at Amsterdam in 1735, in eight vols, l2mo, in which are also inserted the versions and notes of M. Dacier. In general, his version[7:19:635] is rather a paraphrase than a faithful translation. Learned men have justly censured him for the liberty which he has taken in making considerable changes in the order and . structure of the odes; and he has also given offence by his uncouth orthography. 3. A Collection of Discourses delivered at different times, which afford strong proofs of his knowledge of oratory and poetry. 4. A book entitled Prières et Instructions chrétiennes.
SANASHYGOTTA, a flourishing town of Bengal, in the district of Purneah, on the Mahanuddy river, much frequented by Hindu pilgrims on their route to the places of ablution in the Northern Mountains, from which circumstance it takes its name. Long. 88. 32. E. Lat. 26. 35. N.
SANBALLAT, the chief or governor of the Cuthites or Samaritans, was always a great enemy to the Jews. He was a native of Horon, or Horonaim, a city beyond Jordan, in the country of the Moabites. He lived in the time of Nehemiah, who was his great opponent, and from whose book we learn his history. There is one circumstance related of him which has occasioned some dispute among the learned. When Alexander the Great came into Phoenicia, and sat down before the city of Tyre, Sanballat quitted the interests of Darius king of Persia, and went at the head of eight thousand men to offer his service to Alexander. This prince readily entertained him, and being much solicited by him, gave him leave to erect a temple upon Mount Gerizim, where he constituted his son-in-law Manassch the high priest. But this story carries with it a flagrant anachronism. For a hundred and twenty years before this, that is, in the year of the world 3550, Sanballat was governor of Samaria; wherefore Dr Prideaux, in his Connexion of the Histories of the Old and New Testament, supposes two Sanballats, and endeavours to reconcile it to truth and probability by showing it to be a mistake of Josephus. This author makes Sanballat to flourish in the time of Darius Codomannus, and to build his temple upon Mount Gerizim by license from Alexander the Great; whereas it was performed by leave from Darius Nothus, in the fifteenth year of his reign. This takes away the difficulty arising from the great age of Sanballat, and brings him to be contemporary with Nehemiah, as the Scripture history requires.
SANCERRE, an arrondissement of the department of the Cher, in France, extending over 209,684 hectares, equal to 819 square miles. It comprehends eight cantons, and seventy-six communes, and in 1836 the inhabitants amounted to 70,907. The capital is the city of the same name, upon an elevation rising from the river Loire. In 1836 it contained 3482 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in making hats and hosiery, and in working some marble quarries in the neighbourhood. Long. 2. 45. 15. E. Lat. 47. 16. 53. N.
SANCHEZ, François, called in Latin Sanctius, was a native of Las Brocas, in Spain, and has been dignified by his own countrymen with the pompous titles of father of the Latin language and doctor of all kinds of letters. He wrote, 1. An excellent treatise entitled Minerva, or Be causis Linguae Latinae, which was published at Amsterdam in 1714, in 8vo; 2. The Art of Speaking and the Method of translating Authors; 3. Several other learned pieces on grammar. He died in the year 1600, in his seventy-seventh year.

We must be careful to distinguish this author from another François Sanchez, who died at Toulouse in 1632. This last was a Portuguese physician, who settled at Toulouse, and, though a Christian, was born of Jewish parents.

He is said to have been a man of genius, and a philosopher. His works have been collected under the title of Opera Medica. They were printed at Toulouse in 1636.
SANCOT, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Serinagur, situated in a well-cultivated and fertile country. It is tributary to the Ghoorkali rajah of Nepaul. Many of the inhabitants are affected with tumours in their neck.
SANCROFT, WILLIAM, archbishop of Canterbury, was born at Fresingfield in Suffolk in 1616, and admitted into Emanuel College, Cambridge, in 1633. In 1642 he was elected a fellow; but was ejected from his fellowship for refusing to take the covenant. In 1660 he was chosen one of the university preachers, and in 1663 was nominated to the deanery of York. In 1664 he was installed dean of St Paul’s. In this situation he set himself with unwearied diligence to repair the cathedral, till the fire of London in 1666 employed his thoughts on the more noble undertaking of rebuilding it, to which he gave L.1400. He also rebuilt the[7:19:638] deanery, and improved its revenue. In 1668 he was admitted archdeacon of Canterbury, upon the king’s presentation. In 1677, being now prolocutor of the convocation, he was unexpectedly advanced to the archbishopric of Canterbury. In 1687 he was committed to the Tower, with six other bishops, for presenting a petition to the king against reading the declaration of indulgence. Upon King James II.'s withdrawing himself, he concurred with the lords in a declaration to the Prince of Orange for a free parliament, and due indulgence to the Protestant dissenters. But when that prince and his consort were declared king and queen, his grace refused to take the oath to their majesties, and was suspended and deprived. He lived in a very private manner till his death, which took place in 1693. His learning, integrity, and piety, made him an exalted ornament of the church. He published a volume in 12mo, entitled Modern Politics, taken from Machiavelli and other select authors; and also Familiar Letters to Mr North. Three of his sermons were printed together after his death.