pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
MYRRH, a gummy, resinous, concrete juice, which is brought from the East Indies or from Abyssinia. It is affirmed by some that the myrrh we have at present is not equal in quality to that of the ancients, and has not that exquisite smell which all authors ascribe to the latter. With it they aromatized their most delicious wines; and it was presented as a very valuable perfume to our Lord whilst he lay in a manger. It was this gum also which was mingled with the wine given him to drink at his passion, to deaden his pains, and produce a stupor. The gall mentioned on the same occasion by St Matthew is probably the same with myrrh; for any thing bitter was usually distinguished by the name of gall. The Hebrews were accustomed to give those who were executed some stupefying draught. The difficulty which arises from the seeming difference between the two evangelists, some have solved by saying that St Matthew, writing in Syriac, made use of the word marra, which signifies myrrh, bitterness, or gall; but that the Greek translator has taken it for gall, and St Mark for myrrh. Others think that our Saviour’s drink was mingled with myrrh as a stupefying drug, but suppose that the soldiers, out of a wanton cruelty and inhumanity, infused gall; which was the reason, according to them, why, when be had tasted, he refused to drink.
MYRTOUM Mare, a part of theAEgean Sea, lying between Euboea, Peloponnesus, and Attica. It receives this name from Myrto, a woman; or from Myrtus, a small island in the neighbourhood; or from Myrtilus the son of Mercury, who was drowned therein.
MYRTUS, in Ancient Geography, a small island near Carystus,in Euboea, which gave name to the MarcMyrtoum. Strabo extends this sea between Crete, Argia, and Attica. Pausanias, making it commence at Euboea, joins it at Helena, a desert island, with the Aegean Sea; but Ptolemy carries it to the coast of Caria; and Pliny says that the Cyclades and Sporades are bounded on the west by the Myrtoan coast of Attica.
MYSCHKIN, a circle of the Russian province Jaroslow, between 37. 33. and 38.46. east longitude, and 57. 25. and 58. 4. north latitude. It contains one city, and 701 villages, distributed into fifty-five parishes. It is watered by the rivers Wolga, Karasitschna, Kadka, and Sudka, and is moderately fertile, maintaining a population of 71,390 persons. The capital, of the same name, is situated on the Wolga, 460 miles from St Petersburg, with some little trade by that river. Long. 56. 5. E. Lat. 57. 47. N.
MYSIA, a country of Asia Minor, generally divided into Major and Minor. Mysia Minor was bounded on the north and west by the Propontis and Bithynia, and on the southern and eastern borders by Phrygia. Mysia Major had Aeolia on the south, the Aegean Sea on the west, and Phrygia on the north and east. Its chief cities were Cyzicum and Lampsacus. The inhabitants were once very warlike; but they greatly degenerated, and the words My sorum ultimus were emphatically used to signify a person of no merit. The ancients generally hired them to attend their funerals as mourners, because they were naturally melancholy and inclined to shed tears. They were once governed by monarchs. They are supposed to be descended from the Mysians of Europe, a nation who inhabited that part of Thrace which was situated between Mount Haemus and the Danube.
MYSLENICZER, a circle of the Austrian province of Gallicia, extending over 825 square miles, and comprehending twelve cities and towns, and 339 villages, with 37,145 houses, and 144,077 inhabitants. The capital is a city of the same name, situated on the river Raba, with 286 houses, and 2075 inhabitants.
MYSOL Isle. This island is situated in the Eastern Seas, about the second degree of south latitude, midway between the large islands of Ceram and Papua. It is fifty miles in length by fifteen in breadth, and is inhabited on the sea coast chiefly by Mahommedans, and in the interior by the natives. On the east coast is a harbour, formed by a small island, on which fresh water may be procured in abundance without risk, as the harbour is landlocked. The island is frequented by birds of paradise in great flocks at certain seasons of the year, when they are caught with bird-lime, and afterwards dried with the feathers on as they are seen in Europe. The black loory, a very scarce bird, may also be purchased here. The trade is inconsiderable, consisting chiefly of biche de mer, ambergris, pearls, and stones; the imports are coarse piece goods, cutlery, beads, iron in bars, china ware, looking-glasses, and brass-wire.
MYSON, a native of Sparta, one of the seven wise men of Greece. When Anacharsis consulted the oracle of Apollo, to know which was the wisest man in Greece, he received for answer, he who is now ploughing his fields. This was Myson.
MYSTICAL, something mysteriousor allegorical. Some of the commentators on the sacred writings, besides a literal, discover also a mystical meaning. The sense of Scripture, say they, is either that immediately signified by the words and expressions in the common use of language; or it is mediate, sublime, typical, and mystical. The literal sense they again divide into properly literal, which is contained in the words taken simply and properly; and metaphorically literal, where the words are to be taken in a figurative and metaphorical sense. The mystical sense of Scripture they divide into three kinds; the first corresponding to faith, and called allegorical; the second to hope, called anagogical; and the third to charity, called the tro-pological sense. And sometimes they take the same word in Scripture in all the four senses. Thus the word Jerusalem literally signifies the capital of Judaea; allegorically, the church militant; tropologically, a believer; and anagogically, heaven. So, the passage in Genesis, “Let there be light, and there was light,” literally signifies corporeal light; by an allegory, the Messiah; in the tropolo-gical sense, grace; and anagogically, beatitude, or the light of glory.
MYSTRUM, a liquid measure amongst the ancients, containing the fourth part of the cyathus, and weighing two drachms and a half of oil, or two drachms and two scruples of water or wine. It answers nearly to a spoonful with us.
MZENSK, a circle of the Russian province of Orel, extending in north latitude from 53. 8. to 53. 39. and in east longitude from 36. 24. to 37. 3. The capital is a city of the same name, 696 miles distant from St Petersburg, and situated on the river Sudsha. It contains twelve churches, 1100 houses, and 6400 inhabitants, who subsist chiefly by dealing in the produce of the soil. It is situated in latitude 53. 17. N. and longitude 35. 28. E.
N, A liquid consonant, and the thirteenth letter of the 9 Greek, Latin, and English alphabets.

The n is a nasal consonant, its sound being that of a <Z, passed through the nose; so that when the nose is stopped by a cold, or the like, it is usual to pronounce d for n. The Abbé de Dangeau observes, that in the French, the n is frequently a mere nasal vowel, without any thing of the consonant in it. He calls it the Sclavonic vowel. The Hebrews call their corresponding letter nun, which signifies child, as being supposed the offspring of m ; partly from the resemblance of sound, and partly from the similarity of the figure. Thus, from the m, by omitting the last column, is formed n ; and from the capital N, by omitting the first column, is formed the Greek minuscle ». Hence, for biennies the Latins frequently use bimus ; and the same people converted the Greek », at the end of a word, into an m, as φαξμακον, pharmacum. N before p, b, and m, the Latins change into m, and frequently into I and r, as in inludo, illudo; inrigο; irrigo; in which they agree with the Hebrews, who instead of nun frequently double the following consonants. The Greeks do the same, as when for Manlius they write Μαλλ/ος; and before λ, 7, χ, », they changed the “into 7; in which they were followed by the ancient Romans, who for Angulus wrote Aggulus, for anceps, ageeps, and so of others. The Latins retrench the n from Greek nouns ending in ων, as Aίω», Leo, ∆,ζακων t Draco ; but, on the contrary, the Greeks add it to the Latin ones ending in 0, as Kara», Nt- ξων, Cato, Nero. N, amongst the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifying 900; according to the verse in Baronius,
N, quoque nongentos numero designat habendos:

And when a line was placed over it, N̅, it signified nine thousand. Amongst the ancient lawyers, N. L. stood for non liquet, that is, the cause is not clear enough to pass sentence upon. N, or N o , in commerce, is used as an abbreviation of numero, number.
NAAS, a borough town of Ireland, in the county of Kildare. It was anciently the residence of the kings of Leinster. A charter granted by Henry V. establishes beyond controversy the fact of the existence of the corporation as long ago as the year 1414. Its name signifies “the place of elders;” for here the states of the province of Leinster assembled during the sixth, seventh, and eighth centuries, after the Naasteighan of Carmen had been anathematized by the Christian clergy. On the arrival of the English it was fortified; many castles were erected, portions of the ruins of which are still visible; and parliaments were held there. Originally extensive possessions belonged to the town; but these the members of the corporation, one of the most exclusive in Ireland, have from time to time conveyed to themselves or their friends at rentals merely nominal; and great poverty exists in the district. Naas is distant about fifteen miles south-west from Dublin, with which it has a water communication by means of a branch of the Grand Canal; and it is the first considerable town from the metropolis on the great southern road; yet with these local advantages it presents a poor and neglected appearance. The corporation do not support any institution for relief of the poor, and there is no public school or other charitable foundation under their superintendence; but there is a diocesan school established under act of parliament, and there are Sunday and other schools for gratuitous education. There are markets which are held on every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday. The corn-market is very extensive. The town contains about fifty houses of the value of L.10 a year and upwards. According to the return of 1821, the population of the town was 3073; but in 1831 it was 3808, of whom 1755 were males, and 2053 females; the families were 743; houses inhabited, 573; uninhabited, twenty-five; building, six.
NABATENE, or Regio Nabataeorum, according to Jerome, comprehended all the country lying between the Euphrates and the Red Sea, and thus contained Arabia Deserta, with a part of Arabia Petraea. It was so called from Nabaioth, the first-born of Ismael. According to Diodorus, it was situated between Syria and Egypt.
NABIS, tyrant of Sparta, reigned about 204 years before Christ, and is reported to have so far exceeded all other tyrants, that, upon comparison, he left the epithets of gracious and merciful to Dionysius and Phalaris. He is said to have contrived an instrument of torture in the form of a statue of a beautiful woman, whose rich dress concealed a number of iron spikes in her bosom and arms. When any one therefore opposed his demands, he would say, “If I have not talents enough to prevail with you, perhaps my woman Apega may persuade you.” Then appeared the statue, which Nabis, taking by the hand, led up to the person, who, being embraced by it, was thus tortured into compliance. To render his tyranny less unpopular, Nabis formed an alliance with Flaminius the Roman general, and pursued, with the most inveterate enmity, the war which he had undertaken against the Achaeans. He [7:15:685]besieged Gythium, and defeated Philopoemen in a naval engagement. But his triumph was short; the general of the Achaeans soon repaired his losses; and Nabis having been defeated in an engagement, was killed as he attempted to save his life by flight, about 194 years before the Christian era.
NABLUM, in Hebrew Nebel, was an instrument of music amongst the Jews. It had strings like the harp, was played upon by both hands, and in form resembled that of a Greek A. In the Septuagint and Vulgate it is called noblum, psalterion, lyra, and sometimes cithara.
NABO, or Nebo, in Mythology, a deity of the Babylonians, who possessed the next rank to Bel or Belus. Vossius apprehends that Nabo was the moon, and Bel the sun; but Grotius supposes that Nabo was some celebrated prophet of the country; and this opinion is confirmed by the etymology of the name, signifying, according to Jerome, “one who presides over prophecy.”
NABOB, properly Nawab, the plural of Naib, a deputy. As used in Bengal, this title is the same as Nazim.
NABONASSAR, first king of the Chaldaeans or Babylonians, memorable on account of the Jewish era which bears his name, and which is generally fixed in 3257, beginning on Wednesday, February 26th, in the 3967th of the Julian period, 747 years before Christ. The Babylonians having revolted from the Medes, who had overthrown the Assyrian monarchy, founded under Nabonassar a dominion which was much increased under Nabuchadnezzar. It is probable, that this Nabonassar is the Baladan mentioned in the second of Kings (xx. 12), father of Merodach, who sent ambassadors to Hezekiah.
NABOPOLASSAR, king of Babylon, who joined with Astyages the Mede, to destroy the empire of Assyria; which having accomplished, they founded the two empires of the Medes under Astyages, and the Chaldaeans under Nabopolassar, 627 years before Christ.
NABUCHADNEZZAR, or Nabuchadonosor II. king of Assyria, son of Nabopolassar, and styled the Great, was associated with his father in the empire, 607 years before Christ. The following year he took Jehoiakim king of Judah prisoner, and proposed to carry him and his subjects in captivity into Babylon; but upon his submission, and promising to hold his kingdom under Nabuchadonosor, he was permitted to remain at Jerusalem. About 603 years before Christ, Jehoiakim attempted to shake off the Assyrian yoke, but without success; and this revolt brought on the general captivity. Nabuchadnezzar having subdued the Ethiopians, Arabians, Idumaeans, Philistines, Syrians, Persians, Medes, Assyrians, and almost all Asia, and being puffed up with pride, caused a golden statue to be set up, and commanded all to worship it; but Daniel and his companions having refused to do so, they were cast into the fiery furnace. As Nabuchadnezzar was admiring his own magnificence, he was, by divine sentence, driven from men, and in the Scripture style is said to have eaten grass as an ox, that is, he was seized with the disease called by the Greeks liconthropy, which is a kind of madness that causes persons to run into the fields and streets in the night, and sometimes to suppose themselves to have the heads of oxen, or to be made of glass. At the end of seven years his reason returned to him, and he was restored to his throne and his glory. He died 562 b. c. in the forty-third year of his reign; in the fifth of which happened that eclipse of the sun mentioned by Ptolemy, which is the surest foundation of the chronology of his reign.
NACHELO, or Nakhilo, a sea-port of Persia, in Laristan, defended by a square fort, flanked by four towers. It is situated at the mouth of a river which falls into the Persian Gulf, where the anchorage would be good if it were not exposed to the north-west winds. This place was for a time under the dominion of the Wahabees, during the prevalence of their power. There is a fishery of pearls in the neighbourhood. It is fifty miles south-southwest of Lar.
NACHITSCHEVAN, a city of Russia in Europe, in the eastern division of the circle of Rostow, in the province of Katerinoslaw. It stands on the river Don, which here frequently overflows its banks. Its inhabitants are almost exclusively of the Armenian race and religion; and, by their eastern costume and manners, they are in a great measure kept separate from the Russians. The city contains 2400 houses, and about 14,000 inhabitants. In their eastern way they produce much silk, having planted more than 20,000 mulberry trees. They also grow much hemp and flax; make linen, cotton, and silk goods; and have iron-works, soap-works, and numerous distilleries. These people were brought from the Crimea.
NACKSHIEVAN, or Nuckshievan, a town of Persian Armenia, formerly one of the most magnificent cities of Persia, supposed to have been the ancient Artaxata, now only famous for its magnificent ruins, and containing not above 400 inhabitants. Its ruin was completed by Abbas I. who, in the plenitude of his tyrannical power, removed the inhabitants by force into the interior. It is eighty-five miles south-east of Erivan.
NADED, a town in the south of India, situated on the Cavery River, 100 miles above Hyderabad. It is celebrated as the burial-place of Gooroo Govend, the Sikh high-priest, who died a. d. 1708.
NADEGADOO, a well-watered district on the east side of the island of Ceylon, through which rims the Sin-gepetto River. It lies between the seventh and eighth degrees of N. lat. and produces chiefly cinnamon and rice.
NADIM, a river of Asiatic Russia, which rises in Lake Toromlar, and falls into the Gulf of Obi. There is a small town of the name of Nadimskoi at its mouth. Long. 73. 44. E. Lat. 66. 25. N.
NADIR, in Astronomy, that point of the heavens which is diametrically opposite to the zenith or point directly above our heads.
NADONE, or Nadoun, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Lahore, being the principal one of the Kangrah country, is situated on the eastern bank of the Beyah river. This place was considered as a respectable fortress in the year 1014, and was taken from the Hindus by Sultan Mahmoud of Ghizni. The Nadone district borders on the Punjab. It is mountainous, and is governed by a Hindu prince, tributary to the Sikhs, who was plundered by the rajah of NepauΓs army. Long, of the town 75. 47. E. Lat. 31. 59. N.
NAENIA, the goddess of funerals at Rome. Her temple was without the gates of the city. The songs which were sung at funerals were also called naenia. They were generally filled with the praises of the deceased; but sometimes they were so unmeaning and improper, that the word became proverbial to signify nonsense.
NAERDEN, a strong town of Holland, situated at the head of the canals of the province. The foundations of it were laid by William of Bavaria, in 1350. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1572, and by the French in 1672; but it was retaken by the Prince of Orange the next year. It stands at the south end of the Zuyder Zee, in long. 5. 3. E. and lat. 51. 22. N.
NAEVIUS, Cneius, a tragic and comic poet, was a native of Campania, and flourished about the year 235 b. c. having served in the first Punic war (264-241 B. c.), which he celebrated in an epic poem (Gell, xvii. 21, 45; V. 12, 7). He wrote a little before the time of Ennius, who was born in 239 b. c. and died in 169. He was younger than Livius Andronicus, who exhibited his first play the year before Ennius was born, b. c. 240. Naevius was the author of several tragedies, many of the titles of [7:15:686]which have been preserved; and from them it is easy to discover that they were imitations of the Greek writers. But he appears to have earned still higher praise by his labours ,as a writer of comedy. Pursuing the path of the old Attic comedy, he lashed with an unsparing hand the vices of the Roman nobles; for which he was driven into exile, or, according to others, confined in prison, where he nevertheless seems to have written two tragedies. Such an example of severity could not have but impeded the free development of the comic muse of Rome. All that remains of the comedies of Naevius are the mere names, and a few insignificant fragments. The epic poem on the first Punic war was divided into seven books by C∙ Octavius Lampodio (Sueton. De lllust. Gram. 2). Naevius died in exile at Utica, on the coast of Africa, b. c. 201, the very year in which the second Punic war terminated. (Eusebius.) The fragments have been published under the title of Ennii Annal. Fragmenta et Cn. Naevii Fragm. Leipzig, 1825.
NAFELS, a town of Switzerland, of the canton of Glaris, the capital of the Catholic division of that canton. It stands on the river Linth, in a fruitful and pleasant district. The small river Rautibach, on its fall into the Linth, forms a fine, and at times a most copious cascade. A great victory was gained here by the Swiss in 1388, and it is still yearly celebrated with religious and military ceremonies. The town contains 220 houses, with 1730 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in agriculture.
NAFF, a considerable river of Hindustan, forming the boundary between Bengal and Arracan. Its banks are rugged and woody, interspersed with spots of cultivation, and a few villages inhabited by a race of herdsmen, whose principal occupation consists in hunting the wild elephants.
NAGAL, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Delhi, situated on the east side of the river Ganges. Long. 78. 10. E. Lat. 29. 43. N.
NAGAMANGATAM, a large square mud fort in the south of India, and province of Mysore. It contains a square citadel in its centre, in which are two Hindu temples, and all the public granaries and store-rooms. The town is said to be 600 years old, having been erected by a prince named Jagadeva Raya, of the same family with the present Mysore rajah. It was taken by the Mahrattas in 1793; and the number of houses was reduced from 1500 to 300; but it has since rapidly recovered its population and its wealth. Long. 76. 57. E. Lat 12. 49. N.
NAGHERY, a town of the south of India, in the Carnatic, forty-eight miles north-west by west from Madras. Long. 79. 45. E. Lat. 13. 19. N.
NAGJERY, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Khandesh, 32 miles west by north from Boorhanpoor. Long. 75. 50. E. Lat. 21. 25. N.
NAGNE, a small river in the Gujerat peninsula, which rises in a range of hills, fourteen miles to the south-east of Lawria, and, after passing the city of Noanagur, falls into the Runn, in the Gulf of Cutch.
NAGY-BANYA, a city of the Austrian kingdom of Hungary, of the circle of the Farther Theiss, and the capital of a district of the same name. It is situated in the centre of a mining country, from which much gold, silver, and lead are extracted; and it has an institution for the education of the miners. There is a mint, in which the metals produced around it are coined into money. The inhabitants are a mixed population of Germans, Hungarians, and Greeks, and have a Catholic, a Lutheran, a Calvinist, and a Greek church, for the adherents of those several modes of worship; the whole number is 5800. Around the city there are some vast woods of chestnut trees, the fruit of which is a valuable article of trade; and there is a considerable commerce in corn. Long. 23. 29. E. Lat. 47. 37. N.
NAGY-ENYED, a city of the Austrian province of §ie-

benbcrgen, the ancient Transylvania, and the capital of a circle of the same name, near the great river Marosch. It contains a mixed population of 6400 persons, composed of Hungarians, Armenians, Wallachians, and Saxons. It has a Catholic, a Lutheran, and a Calvinist church, a Catholic monastery, and a college for Calvinistic education, with a large library.
NAGY-KAROLI, alarge town of the circle of Szathmar, in the province of Farther Theiss, in Hungary. It is situated on a fruitful spot, and has a splendid palace and gardens belonging to Count Karoli, a Catholic, a Calvinist, and a Unitarian church, a college of philosophy, and a Catholic gymnasium. It contains 943 houses, and 7567 inhabitants, amongst whom are many Jews. Long. 22. 22. 40. E. Lat. 47. 40. 10. N.
NAGY-KOBESCH, a city of Hungary, in the district of Pesth. It is composed of 12,000 inhabitants, almost wholly of the original Magyar or Hungarian race, who adhere to the Calvinist church, and are chiefly occupied in agriculture, producing good wine, and rearing large flocks of sheep. Long. 19. 47. E. Lat. 47. 1. N.