pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
BRODERA, or Barodah, a large and wealthy town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, district of Champaneer, the capital of a Mahratta chief known by tn e family name of the Guicowar, who is an ally of the British, and divides with them the largest and finest portion of Gujerat, his particular share being a track of abou twelve thousand square miles in extent, and lying c ∏ ιc ¶ in the northern districts. The town is intersected by t ft θ spacious streets, which divide it into four equal parts, an cross at the market-place. The ruins of some handsom Mogul buildings are still to be seen; but th°≡θ ιal ^θ by the Mahrattas are mean and contemptible, f eal city is a stone bridge over the river Viswamitra, only one in Gujerat, where the streams are gθ ner crossed in ferry boats or on light floating platfθ 1 ∏ ιs ∙ the environs are several magnificent wells, wit 1 s [7:5:587] down to the bottom.. In 1780 the fortifications of this place consisted of slight walls, with towers at irregular distances, and several double gates. It is still wealthy and populous, and during the war with Scindia and Holkar in 1803 the native bankers advanced to the British armies a crore and a half of rupees, equal to about L.1,600,000 sterling. Provisions of all descriptions are cheap and abundant, and the population amounted in 1818 to 100,000. The founder of the present family of the Guicowar invaded the province of Gujerat in 1726, and in 1730 was confirmed in his conquest by Sahoo Rajah, the grandson of Sevajee, and the reigning sovereign of the Malirattas. He was succeeded by his son Damajee, who in 1761 was present at the battle of Paniput, and was afterwards taken prisoner by the Peshwa Bajerow, to whom he was obliged to cede half of his territories, and to acknowledge his dependence for the other half. His successor was Futtch Singh, who, dying in 1789, was succeeded by his brother Manajee, who died in 1792, when another brother, named Govind Row, ascended the throne. He died in 1800, and was succeeded by his son Annund Row Guicowar, who in his turn was succeeded in 1814 by Futtch Singh Guicowar. The revenues of this petty sovereign were in great confusion when the British interfered and undertook the management of his affairs. Long. 73. 24. E. Lat. 22. 13. N.
BRODY, a large city of the circle of Lemberg, in the Austrian province of Galicia. It stands on the river Sucha-Wielkabacha, close to the Russian frontier, by which position it is enabled to carry on a most extensive contraband trade with that extensive empire. It is an ill-built and filthy place, containing about 18,000 inhabitants, one third of whom are Jews. There are four churches for the Greeks, one for the Catholics, and some synagogues for the Jews.
BROKE, Sir Robert, lord chief justice of the common pleas, was the son of Thomas Broke, Esq. of Claverly in Shropshire, and educated at Oxford, from which he removed to the Middle Temple, and soon became a very eminent lawyer. In the year 1542 he was chosen summer reader, and in 1550 double reader. In 1552 he was made seŋeant at law; and in the year following, the first of Queen Mary, lord chief justice of the common pleas; about which time he received the honour of knighthood. Stow says he was recorder of London and speaker of the House of Commons; which is confirmed by a manuscript in the Ashmolean library. He died and was buried at Claverly in Shropshire, the place of his nativity, in 1558. Wood gives him the character of a great lawyer and an upright judge. His works are, 1. An abridgment containing an abstract of the year-books till the time of Queen Mary; ~∙ Certain cases adjudged in the reign of Henry VIII. Edward VI. and Queen Mary; 3. Reading on the statute of limitations, 32 Hen. VIII. c. 2.
BROKER. The origin of this word is contested, some deriving it from the French broier, “to grind others from brocarder, “to cavil, or higgle ;” and others again from a trader broken, and that from the Saxon broc, “misfortune.”

A broker is an agent or intermediate person appointed for transacting special business on account of another, but somewhat different from an ordinary factor in functions and responsibility. Of this class there are various descriptions, exercising employments without the smallest analogy, though all are brought under the general name of brokers; and of these the principal are, exchange-brokers, whose province is to ascertain the rates and relation of exchange between countries; stock-brokers, who negociate transactions in the public-funds; insurance-brokers, who , effect insurances on lives or property; and pawn-brokers, Mio advance money on goods, on the condition of being allowed to. sell the goods, if the sum advanced is not repaid with interest, within a limited time.
BROMBERG, one of the governments into which the Prussian province of Posen is divided. It is bounded on the north by West Prussia, on the east by the present mg om of Poland, on the south by the government of Posen, and on the west by the province of Brandenburg. Its extent is four thousand five hundred and six square miles, or two millions eight hundred and eighty-three thousand eight hundred and forty acres. It comprehends fifty-five cities and towns, and one thousand two hundred and fifty villages, thirty-two thousand eight hundred and twenty dwelling houses, with 279,360 inhabitants, of whom about 160,000 are Catholics, and the remainder Protestants of various sects, with 16,000 Jews. It is divided into nine circles, and is a part of the former kingdom of Poland. The soil is generally a light, sand.. The face of the country is level, and a great portion of it is covered with woods. I he agricultural product is very small, scarcely sufficient for the subsistence of the inhabitants. The whole stock of cattle for this extensive district and its numerous population was in 1820 only 33,700 horses, 11,917 cows, and 45,475 sheep of all descriptions. The city of the same name, the capital of the government and of the circle of Bromberg, called by the Poles Bydgoscy, stands on an elevation near the navigable river Brahe. It is, for a Polish town, well built, and contains one Lutheran and two Catholic churches, a monastery, a nunnery, three hospitals, and five hundred and fifty-two dwellings, with 7554 inhabitants. It has some refineries for sugar, and a little trade in corn by means of its connection with the Vistula. Long. 17. 55. E. Lat. 55. 27. N.
BROME, Alexander, a poet, and attorney in the lord mayor’s court in the reign of Charles IL, was the author of the greater part of those songs and epigrams which were published in favour of the royalists, and against the Rump, as well in Oliver Cromwell’s time as during the rebellion. These, together with his epistles and epigrams translated from different authors, were all printed in one volume octavo after the restoration. He also published a version of Horace, by himself and others, which is very far from being a bad one. He left behind him a comedy entitled The Cunning Lovers ; and the world is indebted to him for two volumes of Richard Brome’s plays, in octavo, many of which, but for his care in preserving and publishing them, would in all probability have been entirely lost. He died in 1666.

Brome, Richard, a dramatic writer who lived in the reign of King Charles I. and was contemporary with Dekker, Ford, Shirley, and others. His extraction was mean, he having been originally no better than a menial servant to the celebrated Ben Jonson. He wrote himself, however, into high reputation, as is testified, not only by various commendatory verses written by his contemporaries and prefixed to many of his plays, but also by some lines which his quondam master addressed to him on account of his comedy called The Northern Lass. Brome, in imitation of his master, laid it down as his first great point to apply closely to the study of men and manners. His genius was entirely turned to comedy, and therefore his proper province was observation more than reading. His plots are all his own, and are far from being ill conducted; and his characters, which for the most part are strongly marked, were the offspring of his own judgment and experience, and his close attention to the foibles of the human heart. The comedies which the author left behind him are fifteen in number, ten of which are collected together in two volumes octavo.
BROMELIA, the Pine-apple. See Horticulture.
BROMLEY, a town in the hundred of Ossulton, and [7:5:588] county of Middlesex, two miles from London, on the high road to the eastern counties. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 2101, in 1811 to 2190, and in 1821 to 2349.

Bromley, a market-town in the hundred of the same name in the county of Kent, ten miles from London, on the Ravensbourne. Near it is a palace belonging to the Bishop of Rochester; and in it is an hospital for the widows of clergymen, who have, besides their dwelling, a pension of L.60 per annum. The market is on Thursday. The inhabitants amounted, in 1801 to 2700, in 1811 to 3011, and in 1821 to 3147.
BROMSGROVE, a market-town in the hundred of Halfshire, and county of Worcester, a hundred and seventeen miles from London. It is a borough, and formerly sent members to parliament. It stands on the edge of a black heath, but chiefly depends on some manufactures of nails, needles, and hats. The market is on Tuesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 5898, in 1811 to 6201, and in 1821 to 7519.
BROMYARD, a market-town in the hundred of Brox-ash, and county of Hereford, a hundred and twenty-five miles from London, on the river Frome. It is a poor place, but situated in the finest part of the cidcr orchards. The market is on Tuesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 983, in 1811 to 1101, and in 1821 to 1227.
BRONNIZY, a circle in the Russian government of Moscow, extending over one thousand four hundred and seventy-eight square miles. It contains two cities, and five hundred and twenty-five villages, with 176,500 inhabitants. The chief place, of the same name, is situated on the Mosqua, near the lake of Beloc, and has a population of about 2000 persons. Long. 27. 55. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.
BRONTE, a city in the intendency of Catania, in Sicily. It stands in a healthy situation on the river Giaretta, near a celebrated water-fall. It is an industrious place, where linen and woollen cloths, and some kinds of paper, are made. Good wine is produced in the neighbourhood. It gave the title of duke to the late Lord Nelson. The population amounts to 9400 persons.
BRONTIUM, in Grecian Antiquity·, a place underneath the floor of the theatres, in which were kept brazen vessels full of stones and other materials, with which they imitated the noise of thunder.
BRONTOLOGY denotes the doctrine of thunder, or an explanation of its causes, phenomena, &c. together with the presages drawn from it.
BRONZES, a name given by antiquaries to figures either of men or beasts, to urns, and in general to every piece of sculpture which the ancients made of that metal. We likewise give the name of bronzes to statues or busts cast of bronze, whether these pieces be copies of antiques or original subjects.
BROOKE, Mrs, daughter of a clergyman of the name of Moore, was a lady as remarkable for her virtue and suavity of manners as for her great literary accomplishments. Hcr first performance, which introduced her to the notice and consequent esteem of the public, was Julia Mandeville ; a work concerning which there were various opinions, but which every body read with eagerness. It has been often wished that she had made the catastrophe less melancholy; and we believe that she was afterwards of the same opinion, but she thought it unworthy of her character to alter it. Soon afterwards she went to Canada with her husband, who was chaplain to the garrison at Quebec; and here she saw and loved those romantic characters and scenes which gave birth to Emily Montague ; a work most deservedly in universal esteem, which has passed through several editions, and which is now not easily met with. On her return to England, accident introduced, and congenial sentiments attracted her, to Mrs Yates; and an intimacy was formed which terminated only with the life of that lady. Mrs Brooke, in consequence of this connection, formed an acquaintance with Mr Garrick, and wrote some pieces for the stage. She had, however, great reason to be dissatisfied with his behaviour as a manager; and she made The Excursion, a novel which she wrote at this time, the vehicle by which she exhibited to the public her complaints. Her anger, we believe, was just, but the retribution was too severe. She herself afterwards thought so, for she lamented and retracted it. Her first dramatic performance was the tragedy of Virginia, 1756. Her next effort in that line was The Siege of Synope, a tragedy, introduced by Mr Harris, and written principally with the view of placing Mrs Yates in a conspicuous character. This did not altogether fail, but it did not become popular; it wanted energy, and it had not much originality; there was little to disapprove, but there was nothing to admire. Her next and most popular production was liosina, which, in a most liberal manner, she presented to Mr Harris. Few modern pieces have been equally successful. Her last musical piece, entitled Maman, which was introduced by Shield, continued for some time to be occasionally exhibited. Mrs Brooke was also the translator of various books from the French. She was esteemed by Dr Johnson, valued by Miss Seward, and her company was courted by all the first characters of her time. She died in January 1789, two days after her husband. Her husband enjoyed the rectory of Colney in Norfolk, to which he had been preferred after his arrival from America.
BROOM denotes a well-known household besom or implement wherewith to sweep away dirt, dust, and the like. We say a birch-broom, a hair-broom, a rush-broom, a heathbroom. The primitive kind of brooms, from which the denomination is given to all the rest, was made of the genista or wild broom growing on commons.

Bnooiiflower gives the denomination to an order of knights instituted by St Louis of France on occasion of his marriage. The motto was Exaltat humiles, and the collar of the order was made up of broom flowers and husks, enamelled and intermixed with βeurs de lis of gold, set in open lozenges, enamelled white, chained together; and at it hung a cross florence of gold. This answers towhat the French called Ordre de la Géneste, from the name of a species of broom so called, different from the common broom, as being lower, the stalk smaller, and leaf narrow: the flower is yellow, and bears a long husk. Some also speak of another order of the Geneste or Broom established by Charles Martel, or rather Charles VI.
BROOMING, or Breaming of a Ship, the washing and burning off all the filth she has contracted on her sides, with weeds, straw, broom, &c. when she is on the careen, or on the ground.
BROOS, a town, the capital of a small district, to which it has given its name, in the Saxon division of the Hungarian province of the Seven Mountains. It contains a Greek, a Lutheran, and a Calvinistie church, five hundred and ninety houses, and 4560 inhabitants. Long. 23. 7. 26. E. Lat. 45. 40. 46. N.
BROSELEY, a market-town within the franchise of Wenlock, in the county of Salop, a hundred and forty-six miles from London, on the river Severn. It is a place of considerable trade in iron, having near it productive mines of that mineral, as well as of coal. It has a good market on Wednesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 4832, in 1811 to 4850, and in 1821 to 4814.
BROSSARD, Sebastian de, an eminent French musician. In the early part of his life he had been prebendary and chapel-master of the cathedral church of Strasburg, but afterwards became grand chaplain and also maitre de chapelle in the cathedral of Meaux. There is extant of his a work entitled Prodromus Musicalis, in two volumes folio. He was also author of a very useful book entitled Dictionnaire de Musique, printed at Amsterdam, in folio, 1703; and afterwards at the same place in octavo, without a date. At the end of this book is a catalogue of authors ancient and modern, to the amount of nine hundred, who have written on musie, divided into classes; wherein are interspersed many curious observations of the author relating to the history of musie. From Μ. Boivin’s Catalogue General des Livres de Musique for the year 1729, it appears that Brossard was the author of two sets of motets, as also of nine Leçons de Tenebres, therein mentioned. It seems that these several publications were made at a time when the author was far advanced in years; for Walther takes notice that in the Mercure Galante he is mentioned as an abbé and componist as early as the year 1678. He died on the 10th August 1730, aged upwards of seventy.
BROTTERODE, a market-town of the circle of Schmal-kald, in Hesse-Cassel. It stands on the river Lauderbach, and contains 2860 inhabitants, employed in various minor manufactures.
BROUGH, a market-town in the east ward of the county of Westmoreland, two hundred and sixty-two miles from London. It is on a brook running into the Eden two miles below the town. Near it are the ruins of a castle belonging to the Earl of Thanet, the prospects around which are very magnificent. It has a market on Tuesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 694, in 1811 to 758, and in 1821 to 940.
BROUKHUSIUS, Janus, or John Broekhuizen, a distinguished scholar in Holland, was born on the 20th November 1649, at Amsterdam, where his father was a clerk in the admiralty. He learned the Latin tongue under Hadrian Furnius, and made a prodigious progress in polite literature; but, his father dying when he was very young, he was taken from literary pursuits, and placed with an apothecary at Amsterdam, with whom he lived several years. But not liking the pestle and mortar, he went into the army, where his behaviour raised him to the rank o lieutenant-captain; and, in 1674, he was sent with is regiment to America in the fleet under Admiral de Ruyter, but returned to Holland the same year. In 1678 he was sent to the garrison at Utrecht, where he contracted a friendship with the celebrated Graevius; and here, though a person of an excellent temper, he had the mis[7:5:593]fortune to be so deeply engaged in a duel, that, according to the laws of Holland, his life was forfeited; but Graevius wrote immediately to Nicholas Heinsius, who obtained his pardon from the stadtholder. Not long afterwards he became a captain of one of the companies then at Amsterdam; which post placed him in an easy situation, and gave him leisure to pursue his studies. His company being disbanded in 1697, a pension was granted him, upon which he retired to a country-house near Amsterdam, where he saw but little company, and spent his time among books. He died on the 15th December 1707, at the age of fifty-eight.

As a classical editor, he is distinguished by his labours upon Tibullus and Propertius: the latter was published in 1702, the former in 1708. He was an excellent Latin poet himself, and a volume of his poems was published at Utrecht, 1684, in 12mo; but a very noble edition of them was given by Van Hoogstraton, at Amsterdam, 1711, in 4to. His Dutch poems were also published at Amsterdam, 1712, in 8vo, by the same person, who prefixed his life, extracted from the funeral oration pronounced over him by Peter Burman. Broukhusius was also an editor of Sannazarius’s and Palearius’s Latin works. With regard to his Latin poems, the authors of the Journal de Trévoux have observed that his verses are written in good enough Latin, but want fire, and that the author was a poet by art, not by nature; an observation which is applicable to the bulk of modern Latin poems.
BROUNCKER, or Brounker, William, lord viscount of Castle-Lyons, in Ireland, and the first president of the Royal Society, was the sonof Sir William Brounker, knight, and born about the year 1620. He was distinguished by his knowledge of the mathematics, and by the considerable posts of honour and profit he enjoyed after the restoration; for he had at the same time the office of chancellor to the queen and the keeping of her great seal, that of one of the commissioners of the navy, and master of St Catharine’s Hospital, near the Tower of London. He wrote, 1. Experiments on the recoiling of Guns; 2. An algebraical paper upon the squaring of the Hyperbola; and several letters to Dr Usher, archbishop of Armagh. He died in 1684.
BROWNRIGG, Dr William, was a native of Cumberland, and born about the year 1712. Of the early part of the life of this philosopher we have had no opportunity of obtaining information. Being destined for the medical profession, after the previous studies in his own country he repaired to Leyden to finish his education. This university was then in its highest splendour; Albinus taught anatomy, Euler mathematics, and the chair of medicine and chemistry was occupied by the accomplished Boerhaave. Having made a long and happy residence at Leyden, and taken his degree, he returned to his native country, and, in Whitehaven, married a lady of singular good sense, and possessed of an address so versatile and superior as never failed to charm in whatever circle it was exerted. He was the author of an inaugural dissertation De Praxi medica ineunda, 4to, Lugd. Bat. 1737; and of a treatise on the Art of making Common Salt, printed at London in 1748, in 8vo, which procured for him the addition of F. R. S.; a book now long out of print, but not out of recollection. He also published An Enquiry concerning the Mineral Elastic Spirit contained in the Water of Spa in Germany; and lastly, a treatise, published in 1771, On the Means of Preventing the Communication of Pestilential Contagion. A trip to the Spas of Germany suggested to him the idea of analyzing the properties of the Pyrmont springs, and of some others, and actually led him into that train of disquisition which terminated in the decomposition of one of our elements, and fixing its invisible fluid form in a palpable and visible substance. That Dr Brownrigg was the legitimate father of these discoveries was not only known at the time to his intimate and domestic circle, but also to the then president of the Royal Society, Sir John Pringle, who, when called upon to bestow upon Dr Priestley the gold medal for his paper of Discoveries of the Nature and Properties of Air, observed, that it was no disparagement to the learned Dr Priestley, that the vein of these discoveries was hit upon, and its course successfully followed up, some years ago, by his very learned, very penetrating, very industrious, but modest friend, Dr Brownrigg. To his seat at Ormeth-waite, near Keswick, he had retired about twenty years before his death, withdrawing himself as much from the practice of physic as his numerous connections, his high character, and his friendly disposition, would permit, and purposing to divide his time and his taste between the romantic scenery of this delicious spot, and his researches in natural philosophy, In this retirement he died at the venerable age of eighty-eight, lamented by the poor, to whom he was uniformly a beneficent friend, and regretted by all.
BROWNIE, the name of a serviceable kind of sprite, who, according to a superstitious notion formerly prevalent in the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland (as well as among the country people in England, where he had the name of Robin Goodfellow'), was wont to clean the houses, help to churn, thresh the corn, and belabour all who pretended to make a jest of him. He was represented as stout and blooming, had fine long flowing hair, and went about with a wand in his hand. He was the very counterpart of Mil ton’s Lubber Fiend.
BRUCHSAL, a bailiwick in the grand duchy of Baden, on the Bergstrassa, near the Rhine, containing, besides the city from which it takes its name, one city, nine villages, and 15,400 inhabitants. The city is on the Salzbach, which soon joins the Rhine, in a beautiful situa·' tion, surrounded by vineyards and gardens. It contains 5690 industrious inhabitants, occupied in various manufactures.