pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
EQUERY, or Ecury, a grand stable or lodge for horses, furnished with all suitable conveniences, as stalls, manger, rack, &c. The word is formed from the French écurie, which signifies the same thing. Some, again, derive ecurie from the Latin scuria, which not only denotes a place for beasts to be stalled in, but also a grange or barn. But a more probable derivation is from equile, a stable for horses, from equus, horse. Some think that the word stable properly relates only to bullocks, cows, sheep, hogs, &c. and equery to horses, mules, &c.

A simple equery is that provided for one row of horses; a double equery that provided for two, with a passage in the middle; or two passages, the horses being placed head to head.

Under the term equery are sometimes also comprehended the lodgings and apartments of the equeries, grooms, pages, and others.

Equery {pcuyer) is also an officer who has the care and management of the horses of a king or prince.
EQUES Auratus is used to signify a knight-bachelor, called auratus, because anciently none but knights might gild or beautify their armour or other habiliments of war with gold. In law this term is not used, but instead of it miles, and sometimes chevalier.
EQUESTRIA, among the Romans, a place in tjιe theatre occupied by the equites or knights.
EQUESTRIAN (equestris), a term chiefly used in the [7:9:352]phrase equestrian statue, which signifies a statue representing a person mounted on horseback. The word is formed from the Latin eques, knight or horseman, from eqnus, horse.

Equestrian Games, among the Romans, horse-races, of which there were five kinds; the prodromus or plain horse-race, the chariot-race, the decursory-race about funeral piles, the ludi sevirales, and the ludi neptunales.
EQUIANGULAR, in Geometry, an epithet applied to figures the angles of which are all equal; such are a square, an equilateral triangle, and the like.
EQUIDISTANT, an appellation given to things placed at equal distances from some fixed point or place to which they are referred.
EQUILATERAL, in general, something that has equal sides; as an equilateral triangle.
EQUILIBRIUM, in Meclianics, is when the two ends of a lever or balance hang so exactly even and level that neither ascends or descends, but both remain in a position parallel to the horizon; which is occasioned by their being both charged with an equal weight.
EQUIMULTIPLES, in Arithmetic and Geometry, are numbers or quantities multiplied by one and the same number or quantity. Hence equimultiples are always in the same ratio to each other as the simple quantities before multiplication; thus, if 6 and 8 are multiplied by 4, the equimultiples 24 and 32 will be to each other as 6 to 8.
EQUINOCTIAL, or Aequinoctial, in Astronomy, a great and immoveable circle of the sphere, under which the equator moves in its diurnal motion.

The equinoctial, or acquinoctial line, is ordinarily confounded with the equator; but there is a difference, the equator being moveable and the equinoctial immoveable; the equator being drawn about the convex surface of the sphere, and the equinoctial on the concave surface of the magnus orbis.

Whenever the sun, in his progress through the ecliptic, comes to this circle, the days and nights are equal all over the globe; for then he rises due east and sets due west, which he never does at any other time of the year; and hence the denomination, from aequus, equal, and nox, night, quia oequat diem nocti.

The equinoctial, then, is the circle which the sun describes, or appears to describe, at the time of the equinoxes; that is, when the length of the day is everywhere equal to that of the night, which happens twice a year.

EQUINOCTIAL Points are the two points in which the equator and ecliptic intersect each other; the one, being in the first point of Aries, is called the vernal point or equinox ; and the other, in the first point of Libra, is denominated the autumnal point or equinox. Equinoctial Dial, a dial, the plane of which is parallel to that of the equinoctial. See Dial.
EQUINOX, or Aequinox, in Astronomy, the time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points.

The equinoxes happen when the sun is in the equinoctial circle, and the days are equal to the nights throughout the world, which is the case twice a year; namely, about the 20th of March and the 23d of September, the former being the vernal and the latter the autumnal equinox.
EQUIPOLLENCE, in Logic, is when there is an equivalence between any two or more terms or propositions; that is, when they amount to the same thing, though they express it differently. Such terms or propositions are said to be equipollent.
EQUIRIA, in Antiquity, a festival instituted by Romulus, and celebrated on the 27th of February, in honour of Mars. There were horse-races at this festival.
EQUITY, in a general sense, the virtue of treating other men according to reason and justice, or as we would be treated ourselves when we understand aright what is our due.

Equity, in jurisprudence, is defined to be a correction or qualification of the law, generally made in that part in which it either fails or is too severe. It likewise signifies die extension of the words of the law to cases unexpressed, yet having the same reason; so that where one thing is enacted by statute, all other things are enacted which are of the same degree.

Equity, in Mythology, sometimes confounded with Justice, a goddess amongst the Greeks and Romans, represented with a sword in the one hand and a balance in the other.
EQUIVALENT is understood of something that is equal in value, force, or effect, to another.

Equivales τ Terms, are where several words which differ in sound have yet one and the same signification; as ererybody was there, and nobody was absent ; nihil non, and οrnne.
EQUIVOCAL Terms or Words, among lògicians, are those which have a doubtful or double meaning.
EQUIVOCATION, the using a term or expression which has a double signification. Equivocations are expedients to avoid telling the truth, yet without telling a direct falsehood. Some of the fathers are great patrons of equivocations and mental reservations, and hold that the use of such shifts and ambiguities is in many cases allowable.
EQUULEUS, or Ecculeus, in Antiquity, a kind of rack used for extorting a confession. At first it was chiefly practised on slaves, but was afterwards made use of against the Christians.

The equuleus was made of wood, with holes at certain distances, and provided with a screw, by means of which the criminal was stretched to the third, and sometimes to the fourth or fifth hole, while his arms and legs were fastened on the equuleus with cords, and thus hoisted aloft and extended in such a manner that all his boncs were dislocated. In this state red-hot plates were applied to his body, and he was goaded in the sides with an instrument called an ungula. Equuleus, Equiculus, and Eauus Minor, the horse’s head, in Astronomy, a constellation of the northern hemisphere.
ERA, in Chronology. See Chronology.
ERAMNOO, an island at the entrance of the Gulf of Cutch, on the western coast of India, containing a town of the same name. Long. 68. 40. E. Lat. 22. 32. N.
ERANARCHA, a public officer among the ancient Greeks, whose business it was to preside over and direct the alms and provisions allotted for the poor. Cornelius hepos, in his Life of Epaminondas, describes the office thus: n hen any person was reduced to poverty, taken captive, °r had a daughter to marry, which he could not effect for "ant of money, theeranarcha called an assembly of friends and neighbours, and taxed each according to his means and estate, in order to contribute towards the relief of such person or persons.
ERASISTRATUS, a physician of Julis, a town of the is and of Ceos, now Zea, off Cape Sunium, in Attica, who seems to have flourished from about 300 to 258 B. c. He "as grandson of Aristotle, his mother being daughter of that philosopher. He seems to have been in high favour at the court of Seleucus Nicanor, whose son Antiochus he is said to have recovered from a dangerous illness in a somewhat extraordinary manner. Antiochus was violently enamoured of his mother-in-law Stratonice, but seeing no prospect of honourably succeeding in his desires, he determined to rid himself of life. His physician Erasistratus easily discovered that his distemper was love, but found it difficult to conjecture who was the object. By close observation however he soon perceived that Stratonice was the cause of his illness; and having informed his father, that monarch was so fond of his son that he allowed him to marry her.

In his old age he renounced the practice of medicine, and, retiring to Alexandria, devoted himself more particularly to the study of anatomy. His description of the brain and nerves is said to have been far more correct than that of any of his predecessors. He was the founder of a school of medicine, which flourished long at Smyrna, and the numerous disciples of which, under the name of Erasistei, continued to exist till the time of Galen, upwards of 400 years. He is mentioned in several passages of the ancient authors Suidas; Strabó, x. 486; Plutarch, Demetr. 38; Appian. Syr. 59.
ERASTIANS, a religious sect or faction which arose in England during the time of the civil wars in 1647, and were so called from their leader Thomas Erastus, whose distinguishing doctrine it was, that the church had no right to discipline, that is, no regular power to excommunicate, exclude, censure, absolve, decree, or the like.
ERATO (from tsaω, I love), in Mythology, the name of one of the nine muses, who presided over amatory poetry. To this muse some have ascribed the invention of the lyre and the lute. She is represented with a garland of myrtles and roses, holding a lyre in one hand and a bow in the other, and at her side is a Cupid with his torch. There is also a Nereid of the same name.
ERATOSTHENES, the son of Aglaus, was born at Cyrene, on the northern coast of Africa, 275 b. c., and died at the advanced age of eighty, 194 b. c. We arc told by Suidas that he studied under the philosopher Aristo of the island Chios, the grammarian Lysanias of Cyrene, and the poet Callimachus, whilst Strabo mentions that he received instruction from Zeno the Citian. He was invited from Athens by Ptolemy Euergetes to take charge of the celebrated library at Alexandria; and here he continued to reside under the successors of this prince, till, having lost his sight from old age, he put an end to his life by means of hunger. Though the ancients were divided in their opinions respecting his merits, there is good reason to believe that he was a man of distinguished talent, and intimately acquainted with the whole circle of science then known to the world. He was a geometer, astronomer, geographer, philosopher, grammarian, and poet, and left works behind him in each of these departments; but they have all disappeared in the lapse of ages. It is in geography that he seems to have been most distinguished; the first two books of Strabo are almost entirely occupied with an examination of his system, and a correction of some of the errors into which he had fallen respecting the western parts of Europe. We do not think that Strabo does full justice Ĵ to Eratosthenes, expecting more accuracy than the state of geographical knowledge in that age would warrant. But all later writers, including Strabo himself, borrowed largely from him; and where they have ventured to correct his observations, they have only more clearly proved their ig. norance of the subject. Thus Eratosthenes is nearer the truth in respect to the length of the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Sicily than Polybius, who found fault with him. The fragments of his works have been collected and published at Oxford in one vol. 8vo; also by Seidel, Göttingen, 1789, and Eratosthenica, by Bcrnhardy, Berlin, 1822. For a list of his works, see Clinton’s Fasti Helleniei, vol ii. p. 513.
ERATOSTRATUS, an Ephesian who burned the famous temple of Diana, the same night on which Alexander the Great was born. This burning, as some writers have observed, was not prevented or seen by the goddess of the place, who was then present at the labour of Olympias, and at the birth of the conqueror of Persia. Eratostratus committed this crime merely to eternize his name by a memorable though infamous action.
ERBIL, a town of Persia, in the pachalic of Bagdad; the ancient Arbela, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius. It is situated on an eminence commanding an extensive plain, which abounds in grain and fruit. It is surrounded by walls, but is now a poor place, containing about 2000 or 3000 Kurds or Chaldeans. It is sixty miles east of Mosul. Long. 43. 20. E. Lat. 36. 11. N.
EREBUS, E£sCo; (from any, ìiiglit), in Mythology, a term denoting darkness. According to Hesiod, Erebus was the son of Chaos and Night, and the father of the day. This was also the name of part of the inferi, among the ancients; and a peculiar expiation was provided for those who were detained in Erebus.

Erebus was properly the gloomy region, and distinguished both from Tartarus the place of torment, and Elysium the region of bliss. According to the account given of it by Virgil, it forms the third grand division of the invisible world beyond the Styx, and comprehends several particular districts, as the limbus infantum, or the receptacle for infants; the limbus for those who had destroyed themselves; the fields of mourning, full of dark groves and woods, inhabited by those who died for love; and beyond these, an open champaign country for the accommodation of departed warriors.
ERDING, a bailiwick in the circle of the Isar, in the kingdom of Bavaria, extending over 308 square miles. It contains three large and fifty-six small towns, 262 villages, and 6632 dwelling-houses, with 28,370 inhabitants. The chief place, of the same name, is a walled town situated on the river Sempt, containing 275 houses and 1890 inhabitants, employed in various trades. Long. 11. 49.48. E. Lat- 48. 18. 23. N.
EREKLEE, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in the province of Caramania, situated on the left bank of the river Kalys, in the centre of a fertile country. It stands in front of a hill, and, though it is of considerable size, has a mean appearance, the houses being constructed of mud, with suŋ-dried bricks. The gardens yield much fruit, especially pears. It is said to be the ancient Heraclea. Long. 34.
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34. E. Lat. 37. 30. N. This is also the name of a seaport in Asiatic Turkey, situated on the Black Sea. It is 100 miles east of Constantinople.
EREMIEU, a town of the department of the Isère, in France. It is surrounded with walls, and was the former residence of the dauphin or sovereign of Dauphine. It contains 590 houses, and 2184 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in making hempen cloth.
EREMONVILLE, a village in the department of the Oise in France, containing 470 inhabitants. It is celebrated on account of a palace built by Henry IV. for his fair favourite Gabrielle, and afterwards the residence of Rousseau. .
ERETRIA, a city on the western coast of the island Euboea, founded along with Chalcis by a colony of Athenians, who were afterwards joined by a band of Aeolians from Elis. Its extensive commerce raised it to considerable eminence at an early period; it founded colonies in the peninsula of Pallene, and also at Cumae in Italy. It had under its dominion many of the neighbouring islands, as Andros, Ceos, and Teos, and was for many years the rival of the neighbouring city of Chalcis. Strabo (x. 448) states, as a proof of the wealth of the ancient inhabitants, that the festival of the Amarynthian Diana was often attended by 3000 soldiers on foot, with 600 cavalry and sixty chariots.

Eretria assisted the Ionians in their attempt to shake off the yoke of the Persian king, and was on that account exposed to the vengeance of Darius. It withstood for six days all the forces that could be brought against it; but it was at last betrayed into the hands of the enemy by the treachery of two of its principal citizens. The city was destroyed, and the inhabitants transported to Susa, whence Darius sent them to settle in the country of the Cissaei (Herodot. vi. 99, 119). Those inhabitants who had escaped rebuilt the city in a somewhat more northerly direction, as soon as the Persians had been compelled to retire. From this time it seems to have been subject to the Athenians, and to have continued in so peaceful a condition, that many of the learned, anxious to escape from the tumults of war, selected it as their residence. In later times it attached itself to the cause of Philip III. of Macedonia, and was on that account attacked by the Romans and plundered of all its statues and works of art (Liv. xxxii. 16). After the conquest of Greece by the Romans, it was declared free; but it never recovered from the blow it had received (Polyb. xviii. 28). Its ruins are to be found near a promontory which is situated opposite to the mouth of the river Asopus in Boeotia.
ERFURT, a city of the Prussian province of Saxony, and the capital of a circle of its own name, as well as of the provincial government. It is strongly fortified, and is defended by two forts, the Petersburg and the Cyrials-burg, both of most skilful construction. It is situated in a district of peculiar fertility, especially in garden fruits and seeds, the latter of which supply the seedsmen in distant parts of Germany. It sells large quantities of annis, canary, coriander, cummin, mustard, and poppy seeds; and much urplus corn. There was formerly a university, but it has declined, as well as most of the convents and monaste- ∏es which existed before its secularization. It now possesses a gymnasium and elementary schools, as well as many charitable establishments. It is a clean and well-built city, containing an ancient cathedral, with a lofty spire, and a bell weighing fourteen tons; eight Catholic and eight Lutheran churches, 2897 houses, and (in 1817) 18,218 inhabitants, now much increased in number. There have been lately erected some cotton spinning-mills; and other Manufactures have since the peace very greatly extended. Being on the great road from Frankfort to Dresden and Leipsic, it has a considerable transit trade. Long. 11. 57. 17 E. Lat. 50. 59. 8. N.
ERGASTULUM, amongst the Romans, was a prison, work-house, or house of correction, where slaves were by the private authority of their masters confined and kept to hard labour for their offences. The Greeks had a place of confinement of the same sort.
ERIDANUS, a river celebrated in Mythology for the fall of Phaethon, and the metamorphosis of his sisters into long and slender poplars. Astronomers placed Eridanus in the heavens, and made it one of the southern constellations. It was supposed to be the ancient name of the river Po, but the difficulty of explaining the tradition of amber being gathered on its banks has excited doubts respecting the correctness of this information. Cluverius has suggested that the Eridanus of Herodotus may be the Rho daune, a tributary of the Vistula; whilst others, knowing that amber was the staple product of the Baltic, arc inclined to believe it the name of that sea, applied to it by mythologists, who were little acquainted with geography. (Virg. Georg, i. 412; Aen. vi. 659.)

Eridanus, in Astronomy., a constellation of the southern hemisphere, supposed to have the form of a river.
ERIE, a great lake of North America. It is about 280 miles in length from south-west to north-east, from ten to sixty-three in breadth, and about 658 in circumference. It has a depth of 120 feet; and its surface, which contains 12,000 square miles, is elevated 334 feet above that of Lake Ontario, with which it is connected by a canal, and 565 feet above the tide water at Albany, with which it is joined by the great Erie Canal. Through this immense sheet of water runs the boundary line which separates Canada from the United States. On its northern shore there are numerous projecting rocks, which render the navigation dangerous, particularly as there is no shelter from storms in that quarter. On the southern shore, however, there are several tolerably good harbours. The lake is navigated by a number of steam-boats, which of course are continually increasing in number, as civilization advances and commerce extends. The navigation upwards is rendered tedious, on account of a constant current which sets down the lake; and this is increased by the north-western and south-western winds, which here prevail. Long. 78. 35. to 83. 10. W. Lat. 4L 20. to 42. 50. N.
ERIGONE, in fabulous history, daughter of Icarus. She died of grief on account of her father’s death, was translated into heaven, and formed the sign Virgo.
ERITH, a town of the county of Kent, in the hundred of Lessness and lathe of Sutton, fourteen miles from London. It stands on the right bank of the Thames. It is chiefly inhabited by fishermen and other seafaring people; but Belvedere House, on the site of an ancient monastery, is one of the most striking objects to passengers in vessels ascending or descending the Thames. The population amounted in 1801 to 969, in 1811 to 1119, in 1821 to 1363, and in 1831 to 1533.
ERIPHYLE, in fabulous history, a sister of Adrastu king of Argus, who married Amphiaraus. She was daugn ter of Talaus and Lysimache. When her husband conceal ed himself in order that he might not accompany thθ j) 1 gives in their expedition against Thebes, where it ha i been predicted he was to perish, Eriphyle suffered herse [7:9:361]to be bribed by Polynices with a golden necklace which had been formerly given to Hermione by the goddess Venus, and discovered where Amphiaraus lay hidden. This treachery of Eriphyle compelled him to go to the war; but before he departed, he charged his son Alemaeon to murder the betrayer as soon as he received information of his death. Amphiaraus perished in the expedition; and his death was no sooner known than his last injunctions were obeyed, and Eriphyle was murdered by the hands of her son.
ERIS, the goddess of discord among the Greeks. She is the same as the Discordia of the Latins.
ERISICHTHON, in fabulous history, a Thessalian, son of Triops, who derided Ceres and cut down her groves. This impiety irritated the goddess, who afflicted him with continual hunger; in consequence of which he squandered all his possessions in order to gratify the cravings of his appetite, and at last devoured his own limbs for want of food. Some say that his daughter had the power of transforming herself into whatever animal she pleased, and that she made use of this artifice in order to maintain her father, who had sold her,· after which she assumed another shape, and again became his property.
ERLANGEN, a city of the circle of the Rezat, in the kingdom of Bavaria. It stands on the river Wcrnitz, is surrounded with ancient walls and towers, and though antique, is well built, and has broad streets. It contains a royal palace, three Lutheran churches, two Reformed, and one Catholic, and 815 houses, with 9800 inhabitants. It is the seat of the only exclusively Protestant university in the kingdom, which has twenty-six professors, and about 200 students, with a library of 80,000 volumes, a botanic garden, and several museums, with an anatomical theatre, and a chemical laboratory. There are numerous manufactures carried on, of cottons, hats, hosiery, gloves, paper, cutlery, &c. Long. 9. 1. 5. E. Lat. 49. 35. 36. N.
ERLAU, or Eger, a city of Hungary, in the circle of the Hither Theiss. It contains an Episcopal palace and cathedral, a university with ten professors, an observatory and public library, three cloisters for monks and one for the Brethren of Mercy, with 1710 houses, and 16,112 inhabitants. There are here manufactures of linen and woollen goods, and much good wine is also made. Long. 20. 17. 51. E. Lat. 47. 53. 36. N.
ERMIN, in Heraldry, denotes a white field or fur, powdered or interspersed with black spots, called powdering. Ermin, an order of knights instituted in 1450, by Francis I. duke of Bretagne, and which formerly subsisted in France. The collar of this order was of gold, composed of ears of corn in saltier, at the end of which hung the ermine, with the inscription a ma vie. But the order expired when the dukedom of Bretagne was annexed to the crown of France.