pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
ZUINGLIUS, Ulricus, or Ulrich Zwingli, an able and zealous reformer, who laid the foundation of a separation from Rome in Switzerland, at the time when Luther was similarly employed in Saxony, was born on the first of January 1504, at Wildehausen in Tockenburg, a distinct republic in alliance with the Swiss confederation. He was sent to school at Basel, and afterwards at Berne, where he learned the Greek and Hebrew languages. He studied philosophy at Vienna, and divinity at Basel, where he took the degree of A. Μ. in 1506. While he officiated as preacher at Zürich, a Franciscan sent by Leo X. came to publish indulgences there; against which Zuinglius, after the example of Luther, declaimed powerfully. In the course of this opposition he started a new doctrine, which he called Evangelical Truth; and from the beginning of 1519 to 1523, he preached not only against indulgences, but against other articles of the Romish church. But though Zuinglius made no less progress than Luther, he conducted himself with more moderation; and wishing to have the concurrence of the civil powers, procured two assemblies to be called at Zürich. By the first, he was authorized to proceed as he had begun; and by the second, the outward worship and ceremonies of the church of Rome were abolished. During these transactions, Zuinglius published several books in defence of his doctrines; but treating of the eucharist, and prescribing a form of celebrating the Lord’s Supper different from Luther, he was involved in violent disputes with the rest of his reforming brethren. Respecting the divine decrees, the opinion of Zuinglius and his followers differed very little from that of the Pelagians; and instead of declaring, with Calvin, that the church is a separate independent body, vested with the right of legislation for itself, Zuinglius ascribed to the civil magistrate an absolute and unbounded power in religious matters, allowing at the same time a certain subordination among the ministers of the church. This was abundantly agreeable to the magistrates of Zürich; but the rest of the Swiss cantons disallowing of their proceedings, the opposite parties had recourse to arms; and Zuinglius, who began as a preacher, died as a soldier, in 1531. His works have been published in four volumes folio.
ZULLICHAU, a city of Prussia, the capital of the circle of the same name in the government of Frankfort on the Oder, and the province of Brandenburg. It stands on a fertile plain, is surrounded with walls and ditches, and contains 760 houses, with 5900 industrious inhabitants, who are employed in making fine cloths, linens, hats, and hosiery, and in breweries and distilleries. It is the place where, of late years, many large and cheap editions of the most popular books in the English language have been printed very correctly; and it furnishes Germany with the writings of Scott, Byron, and others, at a price greatly inferior to that at which they can be imported, and thus contributes to extend the knowledge of our language and literature.
ZUTPHEN, a circle of the province of Guelderland in Holland, divided into fourteen cantons, and containing 84,000 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated at the point where the river Berkell falls into the Yssel. It is strongly fortified, and the walls, being planted with trees, form a pleasing promenade. In the suburbs are many fine houses and gardens belonging to the merchants of the city. Zutphen contains six churches, several good schools, and 10,200 inhabitants, who have manufactories of cottons and linens, tanneries, breweries, distilleries, and paper-mills. Long. 5. 57. E. Lat. 52. 7. 30. N.
ZUYDER-ZEE, a great gulf or bay of the German Ocean, which extends from south to north in the United Provinces, between Friesland, Overyssel, Guelderland, and Holland. It is so called from its situation towards the south. It is said that the Zuyder-zee was formerly a lake, and that the land is swallowed up which united North Holland with Friesland.
ZWEIBRUCKEN, better known under the name of Deux Ponts, a beautiful city, once the capital of a principality, but now belonging to the Rhenish province of the kingdom of Bavaria. It stands on the river Erblach, and is surrounded with walls. It is well and regularly built, in a fine situation, with hills and woods around it. The princely residence is in a ruinous condition, and a part of it is converted into a catholic church. Two of the churches are celebrated as fine specimens of architecture. The city contains 7250 inhabitants, employed in making cloths, leather, snuff, and tobacco. The learned society which existed here during the last century, and published some of the best Greek and Roman classics, is extinct.
ZWENIGORODKA, a circle of the Russian government of Kiew. It extends in north latitude from 48° 44' to 49° 20', and in east longitude from 30° 28' to 32° 2'. It is watered chiefly by the Lincuska, the Zingley, and the Bojarka; has very little wood, but many valuable tracts of land, which, when cultivated, yield good corn. The capital is of the same name, on the river Zingley, and though called a city, has only 200 houses, with 1230 inhabitants. It is distant 1003 miles from St Petersburg. Long. 30. 44. E. Lat. 49. 12. N.
ZWICKAU, a city of the kingdom of Saxony, the capital of a bailiwick of the same name, in the province of Erzgebirge. It was formerly a strong fortification. It is now a well-built place, containing four churches, a college with a library of 16,000 volumes, a hospital, two military magazines, 890 houses, and 6000 inhabitants, who manufacture woollen and cotton goods, leather, and some hardware. Near to it are several mills for making paper.
ZWOLLE, a city, the capital of the circle of the same name, in the province of Overyssel, in Holland. It stands on a canal two miles from the Yssel, and is very strongly fortified. It is well and regularly built, and has eight churches, some hospitals, and a large grammar-school. Zwolle contains 15,640 inhabitants, among whom are many rich capitalists, who trade extensively in the products of the country, and conduct some large sugar-refineries. The city is surrounded with pleasant promenades.
ZYGHUR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bejapore and district of Concan, situated at the bottom of Boria Bay, which is two miles deep and six broad, but has only two and a half fathoms of water on the bar, though there is a good depth inside. The town is defended by a small citadel, and mostly enclosed with a stone wall. Long. 73. 23. E. Lat. 17. 16. N.
ZYMOSIMETER (formed from ζύμωσις , fermentation, and μέτϑον , measure) is the name given to an instrument described by Swammerdam in his book De Respiratione, and intended to measure the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different matters, and the degree of heat which those matters acquire in fermenting. The same instrument has been employed to ascertain the heat or temperament of the blood of animals.