pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
REGION, in Geography, a large extent of land, inhabited by many people of the same nation, and inclosed within certain limits or bounds.

Region, in Physiology, is taken for a division of our atmosphere, which is divided into the upper, middle, and lower regions.

The upper region commences from the tops of the mountains, and reaches to the utmost limits of the atmosphere. In this region reign perpetual and equable calmness, clearness, and serenity. The middle region is that in which the clouds reside, and where meteors are formed, extending from the extremity of the lowest to the tops of the highest mountains. The lowest region is that in which we breathe, which is bounded by the reflection of the sun’s rays, or by the height to which they rebound from the earth. See Atmosphere.

Ethereal Region, in Cosmography, is the whole extent of the universe, in which is included all the heavenly bodies, and even the orb of the fixed stars.

Elementary REGiot;, according to the Aristotelians, is a sphere terminated by the concavity of the moon’s orb, comprehending the atmosphere of the earth.

Region, in Anatomy, a division of the human body, otherwise called cavity, of which anatomists reckon three, viz. the upper region, or that of the head; the middle region, or that of the thorax or breast; and the lower, being that of the abdomen or belly.
REGIS, Peter Sylvain, a French philosopher, and a great propagator of the doctrines of Descartes, was born in Agenois in the year 1632. Hestudied languages and philosophy under the Jesuits at Cahors; and as his views were then directed to the church, he was afterwards occupied in the study of divinity at the university of that town. His progress in learning was so uncommon, that at the end of four years he was offered a doctor’s degree without the usual charges; but he did not think it became him to accept of it till he had also studied in the Sorbonne at Paris. He went thither, but was soon disgusted with theology; and as the philosophy of Descartes began at that time to make a noise, in consequence of the lectures of Rohault, he conceived a taste for, and gave himself up entirely to, the study of it. He frequented these lectures; and becoming an adept, went to Toulouse in 1666, and read lectures himself. Having fine parts, a clear and fluent manner, and a happy way of making himself understood, he attracted all sorts of people; the magistrates, the learned, the ecclesiastics, and the very women, who now all affected to abjure the ancient philosophy. In 1680 he returned to Paris, where the concourse which flocked to him was such that the sticklers for the peripatetic philosophy began to be alarmed. They applied to the Archbishop of Paris, who thought it expedient, in the name of the king, to put a stop to the lectures, which accordingly were discontinued for several months. The whole life of Regis was spent in propagating the new philosophy. In 1690 he published a formal system thereof, containing logic, metaphysics, physics, and morals, in three volumes 4∙to, written in French. It was reprinted the year after, at Amsterdam, with the addition of a discourse upon ancient and modern philosophy. He wrote afterwards several pieces in defence of his system, in which he had disputes with M. Huet, Duhamel, Malebranche, and others. His works, though abounding with ingenuity and learning, have been disregarded, in consequence of the great discoveries and advancement in philosophical knowledge which have since been made. He had been chosen member of the Academy of Sciences in 1699, and he died in 1707.

Besides his System of Philosophy, he wrote the following works: The Use of Reason and of Faith; an Answer to Huet’s Censures of the Cartesian Philosophy; an Answer to DuhameVs Critical Reflections; some pieces against Malebranche, to show that the apparent magnitude of an object depends solely on the magnitude of its image traced upon the retina; and a small piece upon the question, Whether Pleasure constitutes our present Happiness?
REGISTER, a public book, in which are entered and recorded memoirs, acts, and minutes, to be had recourse to occasionally for knowing and proving matters of fact.
REGISTRAR, an officer in the English universities, who has the keeping of all the public records.
REGNARD, John Fbancis, one of the best French comic writers after Molière, was born at Paris in the year 1647. He had scarcely finished his studies, when an ardent passion for travelling led him to traverse the greater part of Europe. Having settled in his own country, he was made a treasurer of France, and lieutenant of the waters and forests. He wrote a great many comedies; and, though naturally of a lively genius, died of chagrin in the fifty-second year of his age. His works, consisting of comedies and travels, were printed at Rouen, in 1732, in five vols. 12mo.
REGNIER, Mathubin, the first French poet who succeeded in satire, was born at Chartres in the year 1573. He wa9 brought up to the church, a vocation for which his debaucheries rendered him very unsuitable; and these, by his own confession, were so excessive that at thirty he laboured under all the infirmities of age. Yet he obtained a canonry in the church of Chartres, with other benefices, and died in 1613. There is a neat Elzevir edition of his works, Leyden, 1652, in 12mo; but the most elegant is that with notes by Brossette, London, 1729, in 4to.

Regnikr des Mabets, Séraphin, a French poet, born at Paris in the year 1632. He distinguished himself early by his poetical talents, and in 1684 was made perpetual secretary to the French Academy on the death of Mezeray. It was he who drew up all the papers in the name of the academy against Furetière. The king gave him the priory of Gram-mont, and he had also an abbey. Regnier died in 1713, and his works, in French, Italian, Spanish, and Latin poems, are contained in two vols.; besides a French grammar, and an Italian translation of Anacreon’s Odes, with some other translations.
REGRATOR, signifies a person who buys and sells any wares or victuals in the same market or fair; and regrators are particularly described to be those who buy, or get into their hands, in fairs or markets,any grain, fish, butter, cheese, sheep, lambs, calves, swine, pigs, geese, capons, hens, chickens, pigeons, conies, or other dead victuals whatsoever, brought to a fair or market to be sold there, and do sell the same again in the same fair, market, or place, or in some other within four miles thereof.

Regrating is thus a kind of huchstry, by which victuals are made dearer; for every seller must gain something, and this consequently will enhance the price. In ancient times, both the engrosser and regrator were comprehended under the word forestaller. Regrators are punishable by loss and forfeiture of goods, and imprisonment, according to the first, second, or third offence. But the modem science of Political Economy has taught us to view the practices of regrating and forestalling with far other eyes than those of our forefathers.
REGULAR, denotes anything that is agreeable to rule. Thus we say, a regular building, a regular verb, and the like.

A regular figure, in geometry, is one the sides, and consequently the angles, of which are equal; and a regular figure with three or four sides is commonly termed an equilateral triangle or square, as all others with more sides are called regular polygons. Regular Body, called also Platonic Body, is a body or solid comprehended by like, equal, and regular plane figures, and the solid angles of which are all equal. The plane figures by which the solid is contained are the faces of the solid; and the sides of the plane figures are the edges or linear sides of the solid.

There are only five regular solids, viz. the tetrahedron, or regular triangular pyramid, having four triangular faces; the hexahedron, or cube, having six square faces; the octahedron, having eight triangular faces; the dodecahedron, having twelve pentagonal faces; and the icosahedron, having twenty triangular faces. Besides these five, there can be no other regular bodies in nature.

Regular, in a monastery, is a person who has taken the vows, and is so called because he is bound to observe the rules of the order he has embraced.
REGULUS, M,. Attilius, served as consul during the first Punic war. He reduced Brundusium, and in his second consulship he took sixty-four and sunk thirty galleys of the Carthaginian fleet, on the coasts of Sicily. Afterwards he landed in Africa; and so rapid was his success, that in a short time he made himself master of about two hundred places of consequence on the coast. The Carthaginians sued for peace, but the conqueror refused to grant it; but soon afterwards he was defeated by Xanthippus, when thirty thousand of his men were left on the field of battle, and fifteen thqusand taken prisoners. Regulus was amongst the number of the captives, and he was carried in triumph to Carthage. He was sent by the enemy to Rome to propose an accommodation and an exchange of prisoners; and if his commission proved unsuccessful, he was bound by the most solemn oaths to return to Carthage without delay. When he arrived at Rome, Regulus dissuaded his countrymen from accepting the terms which the enemy proposed; and when his opinion had had due influence on the senate, Regulus returned to Carthage agreeably to his engagements. The Carthaginians were told that their offers of peace had been rejected at Rome by means of Regulus; and for this reason they prepared to punish him with the greatest severity. His eye-brows were cut, and he was exposed for some days to the excessive heat of the meridian sun, and afterwards confined in a baιτel, the sides of which were everywhere filled with large iron pikes, till he died in the greatest agonies. His sufferings were heard of at Rome; and the senate permitted his widow to inflict whatever punishment she pleased on some of the most illustrious captives of Carthage which were in their hands. She confined them also in presses filled with sharp iron points; and was so exquisite in her cruelty, that the senate interfered, and stopped the barbarity of her punishment. Regulus died about 251 years before Christ.

Regulus, in Astronomy, a star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Leo. It is also called, from its situation, Cor Leonis, or the Lion’s Heart; by the Arabs, Alhabor; and by the Chaldicans, Kalbeleced, or Karbeleceid, from an opinion of its influencing the affairs of the heavens.

Regulus, in Cliernistiy, the metallic matter which falls [7:19:105]to the bottom of the crucible, in the melting of ores or impure metallic substances. It is the finest or purest part of the metal; and, according to the alchemists, is denominated regulus, or little king, as being the first-born of the royal metallic blood.
REHEARSAL, in Music and the Drama, an essay or experiment of some composition, generally made in private, previous to its representation or performance in public, in order to render the actors and performers more perfect in their respective parts.
REHER, a town and district of Hindustan, in the province of Delhi. The town has much declined in consequence of the seat of government having been removed to Nijibabad. It is eighty miles north-north-west from Bareily. Long. 104. 35. E. Lat. 57. N. The district is situated between the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth degrees of north latitude. It formerly constituted the northern limit of Kut-taher or Rohilcund, and was ceded to the British by the nabob of Oude in the year 1801. Both town and district are now included in the collectorship of Bareily.
REICHENBACH, one of the three provincial governments of Prussia, into which the province of Silesia is divided. It is composed of the southern part of the ancient lower Silesia, with the addition of the principality of Munsterberg and the county of Glatz. It is bounded on the north-east by Breslau, on the north-west by Leignitz, on the south-east by Oppeln and the Austrian province of Moravia, and on the south-west by Bohemia. In extent it is 2640 square miles, comprehending thirty-six cities and towns, and 905 villages, besides many hamlets. The population, according to the census of 1817, was 644,025, and had increased, at the enumeration of 1826, to 713,936, of which the Catholics and the Protestants were nearly equal in number. Divided into thirteen circles, it is the most densely peopled of any portion of the kingdom of Prussia, and the great district in which was carried on that large manufacture of linen for which Silesia was long celebrated. It is generally a hilly, and in some parts a mountainous district; and the soil, not being of great fertility, scarcely produces sufficient corn for the consumption of the inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, and stands on the river Peilau. It is surrounded with double walls and ditches, and contains two Catholic and three Lutheran churches, 460 houses, with 4350 inhabitants. It has considerable manufactories of linens and woollens, and some of cottons, besides several breweries and distilleries. Long. 16. 31. 7. E. Lat. 50. 59. 15. N.
REICHENBERG, a city of the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia, in the circle of Buntzlau. It is situated on the river Neisse, and has a cathedral church, a palace, and 1200 houses, inhabited by between thirteen and fourteen thousand persons, occupied in various branches of manufacture, but chiefly woollen cloth, for which it forms the chief market in an extensive district.
REIGATE or Ryegate, a market and borough town of the county of Surrey, in the hundred of its own name, twenty-two miles from London. It is situated in a pleasant valley at the foot of the Chalk Hills, upon a branch of the river Mole. It has a weekly market on Tuesday, and a monthly one for cattle on Wednesday. It is an ancient borough, and, until 1832, returned two members to parliament, but it now returns only one. The population of the borough amounted in 1801 to 923, in 1811 to 1128, in 1821 to 1323, and in 1831 to 1419; but the Foreign, a part of the parish now added to the borough, contained, in 1831, 1978 inhabitants, making in all a population of 3397.
REITRA, a city of the Austrian province of the Hither Danube, in Hungary, and the capital of a circle of the same name, which comprehends 412 towns and villages, with 368,000 inhabitants. The city is situated on the river of the same name, is the see of a bishop, is defended by a strong citadel, and contains 510 houses, with 4100 inhabitants, who grow much good wine. Long. 18. 58. 54. E. Lat. 48. 19. 10. N.
REJANG, a country in the island of Sumatra, bounded on the east by the territory of Musi, where the Palembang river takes its rise. Bencoolen river is the limit on the south-east. The other principal rivers are the Laye, the Pally, and the Sunzedano, on all of which the English have factories. The Rejangs are divided into tribes, of which there are four principal ones. They live in villages under the government of a head or magistrate, and the inhabitants seldom exceed 100.
RELAND, Adrian, an eminent orientalist, born at Ryp, in North Holland, in 1676. During three years’ study under Surenhusius, he made uncommon progress in the Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldaic, and Arabic languages, and these languages were always his favourite study. In 1701, he was, by the recommendation of King William, appointed professor of oriental languages and ecclesiastical antiquities in the university of Utrecht, and died of the small-pox in 1718. He was distinguished by his modesty, humanity, and learning; and carried on a correspondence with the most eminent scholars of his time. His principal works are, 1. An excellent Description of Palestine; 2. Five Dissertations on the Medals of the ancient Hebrpws and several other dissertations on different subjects; 3. An Introduction to the Hebrew Grammar 4. The Antiquit ies of the ancient Hebrews; and, 5. On +“Mallommedan Religion. These works are all writtei< in Latir
RELAY, a supply of tΛ.ses placed on the road, and appointed to be ready for the traveller to enable him to change, and thus make the greater expedition.
RELIEVO or Relief, in Sculpture, is the projection or standing out of a figure which arises prominently from the ground or plane on which it is formed, whether that figure be cut with the chisel, moulded, or cast.

There are three kinds or degrees of relievo; alto, basso, and demi-relievo. The alto-relievo, called also high-relief, is when the figure is formed after nature, and projects as much as the life. Basso-relievo, bas-relief, is when the work is raised a little from the ground, as in medals and the frontispieces of buildings, but particularly in the histories, festoons, foliages, and other ornaments of friezes. Demi-relievo is when one half of the figure rises from the plane. When, in a basso-relievo, there are parts that stand clear out, detached from the rest, the work is called a demi-basso. In architecture, the relief or projection of the ornaments ought always to be proportioned to the magnitude of the building it adorns, and to the distance at which it is to be viewed.

Relievo, or Relief, in Painting, is the degree of boldness with which the figures appear, at a due distance, to stand out from the ground of the painting.

The relievo depends much upon the depth of the shadow and the strength of the light; or in the height of the different colours, bordering upon one another, and particularly on the difference of the colour of the figure from that of the ground. Thus, when the light is so disposed as to make the nearest parts of the figure advance, and is well diffused on the masses, yet insensibly diminishing, and terminating in a large spacious shadow, brought off insensibly, the relievo is said to be bold, and the clear-obscure well understood.
RELIGION, (Religio) is a Latin word, derived, according to Cicero, ^[1. lie Natura Dcorum, ] from relegere, to reconsider; but, according to Servius and most modem grammarians, from religare, to bind fast. The reason assigned by the Roman orator for deducing religio from relego, is in these words: “Qui au[7:19:109]tem omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertincrent, diligenter retractarent, et tanquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo.” The reason given by Servius for his derivation of the word is “quod mentem religio religet.” If the Ciceronian etymology be the true one, the word religion will denote the diligent study of whatever pertains to the worship of the gods; but, according to the other derivation, which we are inclined to prefer, it denotes that obligation which we feel on our minds from the relation in which we stand to some superior power. In either case, the import of the word religion is different from that of theology, since the former signifies a number of practical duties, and the latter a system of speculative truths. Theology is therefore the foundation of religion, or the science from which it springs; for no man can study what pertains to the worship of superior powers till he believe that such powers exist, or feel any obligation on his mind from a relation of which he knows nothing. The subject, in as far as it can be discussed with advantage in a work of this kind, will accordingly be resumed under the former head. (See Theology.)
RELIGIOUS, is used Substantially for a person engaged by solemn vows to the monastic or conventual life; or a person shut up in a monastery or convent to lead a life of devotion and austerity, under some rule or institution. The male religious are popularly called Monks and Friars; the female, Nuns and Canonesses.
REMBANG, a Dutch residency on the north-east coast of Java, which produces salt and timber for ship-building. Long. 111. 15. E. Lat. 6.40. S.
REMEMBRANCE, is when the idea of something formerly known recurs again to the mind without the operation of a similar object on the external sensory.
REMEMBRANCERS, anciently called clerks of the remembrance, certain officers in the exchequer, three of whom are distinguished by the names of the King’s Remembrancer, the Lord Treasurer’s Remembrancer, and the Remembrancer of the First Fruits.
REMINISCENCE, that power of the human mind by which it recollects itself, or calls again into its remembrance such ideas or notions as it had really forgotten. In this it differs from memory, which is a treasuring up of things in the mind, and keeping them there, without forgetting them.
REMISSION, in Physics, the abatement of the power or efficacy of any quality; in opposition to the increase of the same, which is called intension.
REMONSTRANTS, in Ecclesiastical History, a title which was given to the Arminians in consequence of the Remonstrance made by them in the year 1610, to the states of Holland, against the sentence of the synod of Dordrect, which pronounced them heretics. The chief leaders of the Remonstrants were Episcopius and Grotius; and their principles were first openly countenanced in England by Archbishop Laud. In opposition to the representation or remonstrance of the Arminians, the Dutch Calvinists presented an address, which was called a counter-remonstrance; and hence they obtained the denomination of Counter-Remonstrants. A great deal of keen controversy was agitated in this affair by these rival sects.
REMORSE, in its worse sense, signifies that pain or anguish which one feels after having committed some wicked action. It also means tenderness, pity, or sympathetic sor[7:19:117]row; but it is most generally used in a bad sense, and is ’ applied to persons who feel compunction for some great crime, as murder, and the like. Murders which have been committed with the utmost circumspection and secrecy, and the authors of which could never be discovered by any human investigation, have frequently been disclosed by the remorse and confession of the perpetrators, and that, too, many years afterwards.
REMUS, the brother of Romulus, was exposed, together with his brother, by the cruelty of his grandfather. In the contest which happened between the two brothers about building a city, Romulus obtained the preference; and Remus, for ridiculing the rising walls, was put to death by his brother’s orders, or by Romulus himself. After this murder the Romans were afflicted with a plague; upon which the oracle was consulted, and the manes of Remus were appeased by the institution of the Remuria.
REMY, Sτ, a city of France, in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, and arrondissement of Arles. It stands on a fruitful plain, and is celebrated for the marble found near it, as well as for valuable Roman antiquities, especially a triumphal arch, and a lofty mausoleum which is still in good preservation. The city contains 930 houses, with 6200 inhabitants, who manufacture serges and other cloths.
RENAPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the Nizam’s territories, and province of Aurungabad, seventy-one miles north-west from Beeder. Long. 76. 55. E. Lat. 10. 20. N.
RENDSBURG, a city of the Danish dominions, in Holstein. It is built on the river Eider, by which it is divided into the old and the new town. It is strongly fortified, being the bulwark of Denmark towards Germany. The great canal ends at this place. It is a town of considerable trade, especially of breweries and distilleries; and here is the chief government military arsenal. It contains 545 houses, and 7572 inhabitants. Long. 9. 34. E. Lat. 54. 18. N.