pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
KINGSTON, the capital of Jamaica. See Jamaica. Kingston, a town of Upper Canada, is advantageously situated on the northern bank of Lake Ontario, at the head of the river St Lawrence, and is separated from Points Frederick and Henry by a bay which extends a considerable distance to the north-west beyond the town, where it receives the waters of a river flowing from the interior. Point Frederick is a long, narrow peninsula, extending about half a mile into the lake in a south-easterly direction, distant from Kingston about three quarters of a mile, on the opposite side of its bay. This peninsula forms the western side of a narrow and deep inlet, called Navy Bay, from its being the chief harbour of the British navy on Lake Ontario. The extremity of the point has a strong battery, and there is a dock-yard with storehouses, and the like. Point Henry, forming the eastern side of Navy Bay, is a high, narrow, rocky ridge, extending into the lake, and crowned by a fort built on its extremity. The dock-yard, storehouses, slips for building ships of war, naval barracks, wharfs, and the like, are on an extensive scale, and in a very short period of time a formidable fleet could be equipped at this place. Next to Quebec and Halifax, Kingston is the strongest town in British America; and, with the exception of the former city and Montreal, it is the first in commercial importance. It has risen rapidly of late years, by becoming, through the means of the Rideau Canal, the main entrepôt between the trade in the lower province and all the settlements on the great lakes to the westward; and, from the measures now in progress to render the St Lawrence navigable between Montreal and Lake Ontario, it may be expected to increase yet more rapidly. The town is regularly laid out, whilst many of the houses are built of stone, and are both spacious and commodious. The public buildings are, a court-house, a government-Jiouse, a jail, an hospital, and several churches, besides the garrison, naval depot, and other places already mentioned. The harbour, which is one of the best on the lake, is well sheltered and convenient; and here, from the commencement of spring till the latter end of autumn, great activity prevails. In 1828 the population of Kingston was 3528, and in 1834 it had risen to nearly 6000.

Kingston-upon-Hull. See Hull.
KINGSWINTON, a town of the county of Stafford, in the hundred of Stourbridge, 124 miles from London. It is connected by canal navigation with the chief ports of the kingdom, and has become populous and opulent by [7:12:730]its manufactures of glass and pottery. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 6464, in 1811 to 8267, in 1821 to 11,022, and in 1831 to 15,156.
KINGTON, a town of the county of Hereford, in the hundred of Huntington, 155 miles from London, with a good market on Wednesday. It stands on the river Arrow, is well built, and has a good free-school, and some trade in woollen goods. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1424, in 1811 to 1617, in 1821 to 1980, and in 1831 to 2147.
KINSALE, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, is situated on a bay at the mouth of the river Bandon, which forms a fine harbour called the harbour of Kinsale. The town, being built upon the side of a hill, presents a fine prospect; but, on entering it, the streets are found to be narrow, and the communications difficult, from the steepness of its declivities. It was much more frequented than Cork by the early English monarchs, who bestowed on the place extensive privileges, and viewed it as the key of southern Ireland. It has now, however, sunk under the superior importance of its neighbour. Its port is comparatively little frequented, except as a watering place; but a considerable fishing trade is carried on. Kinsale underwent two sieges, one in the time of Elizabeth, and another in that of William. James II. also landed here on his arrival to recover his throne. The town gives the title of baron to the head of the De Courcy family, who enjoys the singular right of appearing covered in the presence of royalty. The population amounts to 7688.
KINZIG, one of the six circles into which the grand duchy of Baden is divided. It extends over 543 square miles, comprehending twenty-seven cities and markettowns, 180 villages, and 518 hamlets, with 198,500 inhabitants. About two thirds of the population adhere to the Catholic church, and the remainder are chiefly Lutherans. The greater part of the circle consists of the most lofty parts of the Black Forest; but between the hills, in which many rivulets and rivers run, there are some beautiful and fruitful valleys, which are well cultivated. The circle yields more corn than is wanted for consumption at home. The wine is of moderate quality, and, in some of the districts, excellent. The chief articles which are exported are corn, wood, hemp, flax, tobacco, straw-plat, and many wooden clocks, on the last of which great ingenuity is displayed. The circle is divided into fifteen bailiwicks. The capital is Offenburg. The name is derived from the river Kinzig, which« falls into the Rhine.
KIRBY-LONSDALE, a town of the county of Westmoreland, in the ward of the same name, 251 miles from London. It is a neat town, in a pleasant valley, with a market, well supplied, on Wednesday. It is situated on the Lune, a river abounding with trout and other fish. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1283, in 1811 to 1368, in 1821 to 1643, and in 1831 to 1686.

Kirby-Moorside, a town of the north riding of Yorkshire, in Rydall division, 278 miles from London, with a good market on Wednesday. It derives its name from its situation at the edge of Blackmoor. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1396, in 1811 to 1673, in 1821 to 1878, and in 1831 to 1802.

Kirby-Stephen, a town of the county of Westmoreland, in the east ward, 265 miles from London. It is situated on the western bank of the river Eden, and consists chiefly of one long street. It has some manufactures of hosiery, but little other trade. The market is held on Tuesday. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 1141, in 1811 to 1235, in 1821 to 1312, and in 1831 to 1409.
KIRCHHEIM, a city of the kingdom of Wirtemburg, in the circle of the Danube, and the capital of a bailiwick [7:12:733]of its own name, which extends over seventy-eight square miles, and contains 25,200 inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Lauter, in a fruitful valley, has a respectable palace, 650 houses, and 4500 inhabitants, employed in making linen, woollen, and cotton goods, and other articles.
KIRILOW, a city of the province of Novogorod, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, which extends over 579 square miles, containing two cities, 1280 villages and hamlets, inhabited by 52,870 persons. The city stands between two fresh-water lakes, and has 620 houses, with 2460 inhabitants. Long. 38. 29. E. Lat. 59. 42. N.
KIRK, a Saxon term, signifying the same with church.

Kirk- Sessions, the name of a petty ecclesiastical judicatory in Scotland. Each parish, according to its extent, is divided into several districts, every one of which has its own elder and deacon to oversee it. A consistory of the ministers, elders, and deacons of a parish, forms a kirksession; and these meet once a week, the minister being their moderator, but without a negative voice. It regulates matters relating to public worship, catechising, visitations, and the like. It judges in lesser matters of scandal, but greater, as adultery, are left to the presbytery; and in all cases an appeal lies from it to the presbytery. Kirk-sessions have likewise the care of the poor and poor’s funds.
KIRKHAM, a town of the county of Lancaster, in the hundred of Amounderness, 226 miles from London. It is near' the river Ribble, and has a way across the sands and that river, which requires a guide, to Tarleton, a distance of three miles. There is a market on Thursday; and some sail-cloth manufactories are carried on. The inhabitants [7:12:738]amounted in 1801 to 1561, in 1811 to 2214, in 1821 to 2735, and in 1831 to 2469.
KIRKKILLISSA, or Kirkleeson, a city of Turkey in Europe, the capital of a circle of the same name, in the province of Rumili, about eighty miles from Constantinople, on the road to Silistria. It is surrounded with old walls, is defended by a citadel, and contains a bazar, several mosques, churches, and baths, and about 1600 inhabitants, amongst whom are many Jews, and some Greeks. Though the country around it is stony, it produces abundance of grapes, melons, and other fruits; and much wine is made. Long. 16. 55. E. Lat. 4L 50. N.
KIRSTENSIUS, Peter, professor of physic at Upsal, and physician extraordinary to the queen of Sweden, was born at Breslau in 1577. He studied Greek, Latin, Hebrew,-Syriac, natural philosophy, anatomy, botany, and other sciences. Being told that a man could not distinguish himself in physic unless he understood Avicenna, he applied himself to the study of Arabic; and qualified himself not only to read Avicenna, but also Mesue, Rhasis, Abenzoar, Abukasis, and Averroes. He visited Spain, Italy, England, and did not return home from his travels till after seven years. He was chosen by the magistrates of Breslau to take the direction of their college and of their schools. A fit of sickness having obliged him to resign that difficult employment, with which he was also much disgusted, he applied himself chiefly to the practice of physic, and went with his family into Prussia. Here he obtained the friendship and esteem of the chancellor Oxenstiern, whom he accompanied into Sweden, where he was made professor of physic in the university of Upsal, and physician to the queen. He died in 1640. It is said in his epitaph, that he understood twenty-six languages. He wrote many works, amongst which are, 1. Liber secundus Canonis Avicennae, typis Arabicis, ex manuscriptis editus, [7:12:740]et ad verbum in Latinum translatus, in folio; 2. De vero usu et abusu Medicinae; 3. Grammatica Arabica, folio; 4. Vitae quatuor Evangelistarum, ex antiquissimo codice manuscripto Arabicoerutae, in folio; 5. Notae in Evangelium S. Matthaei, ex collatione textuum Arabicoum, Syriacorum, Egyptiacorum, Graecorum, et Latinorum, in folio. He ought not to be confounded with George Kerstenius, another learned physician and naturalist, who was born at Stettin, died in the year 1660, and is also the author of several works.
KIRTHIPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Nepaul, and district of Patan. It was formerly the capital of an independent principality, and was at one time said to contain 6000 houses or families within its jurisdiction; but is at present of little consideration. This place was besieged by Purthi Narrain, the Ghoorkali rajah, and taken, in 1768, after a long and obstinate resistance, at which he was so enraged that he ordered the noses and lips of the survivors to be cut off, without exception of age or sex; and, twenty-three years afterwards, the British ambassador at Nepaul found many persons who had outlived this mutilation. It is three miles from Patan. Long. 85. 37. E. Lat. 27. 30. N.
KIRTLE, a term used for a short jacket, as “the Row cry-kir tied Naiads ;” also for a quantity of flax, about a hundredweight.
KIRWAL, a town of Hindustan, belonging to the Mahrattas, in the province of Malwah, forty-two miles north-west from Bilsah. Long. 78. 13. E. Lat. 24. 2. N.
KISCHENAU, a town of the Russian province of Bessarabia, the capital of a circle of the same name, and the see of a bishop of Bessarabia and Moldavia. It has an ecclesiastical seminary of the Greek church, and about 3500 inhabitants, among whom are many Jews. Long. 29. 2. 55. E. Lat. 46. 59. 30. N.
KISHENAGUR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Ajmeer, thirteen miles south-east from the city of Ajmeer. It is the capital of a small but independent prin [7:12:741]cipality, out of the revenues of which the rajah’s descendants, amounting to 5000, are maintained. His government is completely patriarchal. The rajah is of the Rhatore tribe of Rajpoots. Long, 75. 1. E. Lat. 26. 32. N.

Kishenagur, a town and district of Bengal. The town is situated on the south-eastern side of the Jellinghy River. It is the residence of the rajah, and also of the judgecollector of the district of Nuddeah. It is noted for a manufacture of fine cotton cloths. Long. 88. 95. E. Lat. 23. 26. N.
KISHENGUNGA, a river of Hindustan, which has its source in the mountains to the north of the Packoli district, and, after a short course, joins the Jhylum River on the north-west frontier of the province of Lahore.
KISHLAK, a town of Persia, on the road from Shiraz to Ispahan, 146 miles west of Shiraz.
KISHM, Kishmee, or Jezira Derawz (Long Island). This is the largest island in the Persian Gulf, which extends sixty mile« along the Persian shore, and is in no place more than twelve miles in breadth. The channel by which it is separated from the continent, which is from threeito eight miles wide at the northern point of the island, is navigable for the largest vessels. This island has a most desolate and unpromising aspect; from whatever quarter it is seen, it presents nothing but light-gray rocks of shells or calcareous stone or brown sand, entirely devoid of verdure. The inhabitants, who amount to .about 10,000, including the population of Kishmee, the capital, live chiefly by fishing and agriculture; and there are a few productive spots on the island, which yield a small supply of dates, as well as of wheat and barley. They also breed cattle and sheep, and the latter are said to thrive well. But this island, though now barren and deserted, is said at one time to have presented a very different appearance. It contained, we are informed, 360 well-inhabited villages, with date and fruit tree gardens·; and from Ormuz, when it was in the height of its glory, were sent supplies of fruit, vegetables, and many descriptions of provisions. Since that period it has been the scene of great disturbance and rapine; pirates having of late years made descents upon it, plundering and destroying every thing within their reach, and wantonly cutting down the date and fruit trees, so that it can hardly supply the few remaining families with the food which they require. The fear of these descents drove the greater part of the inhabitants into the town of Kishmee, which is walled, and prepared for defence, and contains 8000 inhabitants, though Fraser, by whom it was visited in 1821, considers· the number as rather exaggerated. The harbour or roadstead is not very safe, being open on the north-east to the deep channel that lies between it and Goitiberoon; so that during the prevalence of the north-east winds, which blow violently from November to February, boats cannot land for many days together, on account of the surf. For eight months of the year, however, the roadstead maybe considered as safe, since it has good bolding ground. The island is afflicted with a scarcity of water, and with great heats, which are extremely distressing, from the excessive dryness, and the great glare reflected from the rocks. The thermometer is frequently at 110° in the shade. Upon this parched and dreary spot a British force, consisting of Sepoys and Europeans, was landed from India, in order to overcome the Arab piratical powers who molested the navigation of these seas. But they suffered severely from the united influence of the sultry climate and the want of shelter and of food and water. The island is at present under the rule of an independent Arab scheik, who pays homage to the imaums of Muscat. The town is situated close to the sea, in lat. 26. 57. 30. N.
KISHTEWAR, a district of Hindustan, in the northeastern extremity of the province of Lahore, situated principally between the 33d and 34th degrees of N. lat. It is bounded on the north-west by the southern range of the Cashmere Hills. The country is in general hilly and covered with wood, and but thinly inhabited. It is also very cold during the winter season, and presenting few temptations to invaders, has probably on that account retained its independence. It is intersected by the river Chunaub, over which there are no bridges; and at the village of Nausman, where it is seventy yards wide, it is crossed by means of a large basket slung to a tight rope, which reaches from side to side, and along which it is pulled. Kishtewar, the capital, which is the residence of a Mahommedan chief, is situated close under the southern range of the Cashmere Mountains. Long. 75. 20. E. Lat. 34. 7. N.
KISLOVODSKOI, ∙ a fort of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Caucasus, and district of Georgiefsk. It has been erected to protect the patients who resort to the remarkable mineral water lately discovered there, which, when it is first drawn from the spring, is perfectly limpid, but soon froths like the best champaign, and also affects the tongue with an agreeable acid taste.
KISSER, a small inhabited island, in the Eastern Seas, about twenty miles in circumference, lying off the northeastern extremity of Timor. It affords refreshments to shipping. Long. 127. 5. E. Lat 8. 5. S.
KISSING, by way of salutation, or as a token of respect, has been practised in all nations. The Roman emperors saluted their principal officers by a kiss. Kissing the mouth or the eyes was the usual compliment upon any promotion or happy event. Soldiers kissed the general’s hand when he quitted his office. Fathers, amongst the Romans, had so much delicacy, that they never embraced their wives in the presence of their daughters. Near relations were allowed to kiss their female kindred on the mouth. Slaves kissed their master’s hand, who used to hold it out to them for that purpose. Kissing was a customary ni ode of salutation amongst the Jews, as we may collect from the circumstance of Judas approaching his Master with a kiss. Relations used to kiss their kindred u hen dying, and when dead; when dying, out of a strange opinion that they would imbibe the departing soul; and when dead, by way of valedictory ceremony. They even kissed the corpse after it was conveyed to the pile, when it had been seven or eight days dead.
KISTNAGHER RY, a town and fortress of Hindustan, in the province of Barramahal, 105 miles west from Seringapatam. Long. 78. 23. E. Lat. 12. 32. N. It is situated on a rock 700 feet in perpendicular height, and so remarkably bare and steep that it has never been taken, except by surprise. In 1791 the British troops were repulsed in an attempt to storm this fortress. It was subsequently ceded to them, and the fortress destroyed.

KISTNAH,oγKrisnn ah, a celebra ted river in the south of India, which has its source in the Western Ghauts, not far from Sattarah, in the province of Bejapoor, which is only fifty mile? in a direct line from the western sea-coast. It proceeds from hence in a south-westerly direction until it reaches Merritch, when its bulk is greatly increased by the junction of the river Worrah, formed by a variety of streamlets that fall from the Ghauts. During its course eastward it is joined by the Malpurba, Gutpurba, Beemah, and Toombuddra rivers; and pours itsprodigiousvolumeof waters by various mouths into the Bay of Bengal, at or a little to the southward of Masulipatam, where it forms the northern boundary of the Guntoor Circars. Its course, including its windings, may be estimated at 650 miles in length; and its waters fertilize the provinces of Bejapoor, Beeder, Hyderabad, and the districts of Paulnaud, [7:12:742] Guntoor, and Condapilly. ∙ The term Krishna signifies black or dark blue, and is the name of the favourite deity of the Hindus, an incarnatiön of the preserving power of Vishnu. It forms the boundary of the Deccan, according to the best Mahommedan authors.
KISTNAPATAM, a town of Hindustan, on the seacoast of the Carnatic, eighty-seven miles north from Madras. Long. 80. 16. E. Lat. 14. 19. N.
KIT, in Music, the name of a small violin, of such form and dimension as to be capable of being carried in a case or sheath in the pocket. Its length, measuring from the extremities, is about sixteen inches, and that of the bow about seventeen. Small as this instrument is, its powers are co-extensive with those of the violin.

Kit- Cat-Club, an association of above thirty noblemen and gentlemen of distinguished merit, formed in 1703, for the purpose of uniting their zeal in favour of the protestant succession in the house of Hanover. I heir name was derived from Christopher Kat, a pastry cook, near the tavern where they met, in Kings Street, Westminster, who often supplied them with tarts. Old Jacob lonson was their bookseller. Their portraits were painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
KITCHEN, the room in a house where the provisions are cooked.
KITSINGEN, a city of Bavaria, and the capital of the bailiwick of the same name, in the circle of the Upper Maine. It stands on the right bank of the Maine, over which is a bridge 1000 feet long, connecting it with the suburb Etwashausen, both of which are surrounded with walls and ditches, and flanked by towers. It contains four churches, a convent, and hospital, and 784 houses, with 3850 inhabitants. It is one of the chief trading places on the river, with good wharfs and cranes. It has some manufactures of cotton, but its chief commerce is wood, wine, corn, and other productions of the soil.

„ <KITTOOR, a town and district in the peshwa’s territories, in the province of Bejapoor, twenty miles southeast from Merritch. In 1804 the renter of the district complained that it was wasted by the neighbouring feudatories, and also by the peshwa’s own deputy; when, by the interference of the British, these grievances were redressed. The country is fertile.
KIUN-CHEU-FOU, a city of China, of the first rank, capital of the island of Hainan. It has a port at two miles distance, formed by a river, and much frequented by Chinese vessels. It has also a considerable trade.
KIUTAIAH, a large city of Asia Minor, and capital of Anatolia. It is situated at the foot and partly up the sides of a cluster of mountains, bounded by a fertile plain on the south. It covers a considerable extent of ground. The houses are large and well furnished, and it contains handsome fountains conveyed from the hills by aqueducts. It is not so populous as it was formerly, but it still contains between 50,000 and 60,000 inhabitants, of which number 10,000 are Armenians, and 5000 Greeks. It contains thirty public baths, fifty mosques, four Armenian and one Greek church, and twenty caravanserais. It occupies the position of the ancient Cotyaeum, on the site of which there are still the ruins of a castle. Long. 29. 52. E. Lat. 39. 25. N.
KIU-TCHEOU-FOU, a town of China, in Tchekiang, of the first rank, situated on a fine river. Itjborders both on Kiangsee and Fotchien, from which last it is separated by a range of very rugged mountains, the ascent to which is by stairs. Long. 118. 39. E. Lat. 29. 2. N.
KIZILBACHES, a people of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Orenburg. They are not numerous, and consist chiefly of Persians who have been taken captive by the Kirghisses.
KIZILERMAK, a large river in Asia Minor, which has its rise from Mount Argish, near Kaisariéh, and, after flowing a considerable space westwards, turns to the south, and falls into the Black Sea about forty miles south of Samsoon, in long. 36. 10. E. lat. 41. 30. N. It is the ancient Halys, and is the finest river in Asia Minor.