pnugues/EB7 huggingface dataset:
KOHCRAAN, a district of Hindustan, in the northwestern quarter of the province of Lahore, situated between the thirty-third and thirty-fourth degrees of north latitude, on the western side of the Jhylum or Hydaspes River. It contains no town of note, and the face of the country is extremely hilly and wild, possessed by petty chiefs, who are tributary either to the Sciks or Afghans.
KOKAUN, an independent state of Asia, which is se [7:12:755] parated from Buckliaria on the east by steep and inaccessible mountains; on the south it has the mountainous tract which divides it from Bnduckshang and Chitral; on the south-west it is confined by Kurratageen; on the east and north-east by the mountains inhabited by Kirgeesh and Kuzaks, tributary to China; on the north-west by the district of Tashkund, lately reduced under its authority, with mountains and deserts. This kingdom is divided into thirteen districts, all of which contain towns more or less considerable. The river Sihoon or Jaxartes, which takes its rise about four days’ journey south-east of Kokaun, divides the country into two parts. The territory of Kokaun is 200 miles in length by about 150 miles in breadth. The general description of the country is mountainous, divided by valleys and plains, of which those near the river Sihoon and its tributary streams are rich and fertile, and those more removed comparatively arid and sterile. Many villages, and a good deal of cultivated ground, are scattered over its surface; and many places afford rich pasture for the flocks and herds of the tribes who wander over it. The inhabitants are chiefly Uzbecks, who are shepherds, and a few Tanjeks, who live in villages, and are described by Fraser^[1. Narrative of a Journey into Khorassan, Appendix, p. 108. ] as a stout, fat, fair, and high complexioned people, extremely quiet, good humoured, merry, and hospitable. They are fond of active pursuits, such as riding, hunting, hawking, and are more addicted to intemperance. There are many other wandering tribes in Kirgeesh, &c. scattered over the face of the country. The winter is severe, though there is but little snow. The summer is very hot and parching, and there is not much rain till towards the end of autumn. They produce a great deal of silk in the country, which is manufactured into various fabrics. Mulberry trees are planted round all the fields, and cotton is also much cultivated. Willows, poplars, cypresses, with all kinds of fruits known in Europe, are common here. Sycamores are rare, but the hills are covered with lofty pines, poplars, almond, walnut, and pistachio trees. The name of the capital is Kokaun, which was formerly a petty village; but, by becoming the seat of government, it has increased so much that it now contains more than 50,000 houses. It has no wall, and water has been introduced into most of the streets from the river Jaxartes, upon the bank of which it is situated. The women of the towns and villages are concealed, like those in other Mahommedan states, and wear veils from head to foot. A journey was undertaken in 1813 by Μ. Nazaroff, a Russian, who travelled with the tracking caravans, and, crossing the deserts, penetrated as far as Kokaun or Khokand, where he was exposed to danger from the jealousy of the chiefs, and the fanatical hatred of the people. He was at last permitted to return to his own country.
KOLIN, a city of the circle of Kaurzim, in the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia. It is on the banks of the Elbe, contains 416 houses, and 4387 inhabitants, who are employed in cotton weaving, and in iron manufactures. Near to it is the field of battle where, in 1757, Daun defeated Frederick of Prussia.
KOLLBERG, a city of Prussia, in the province of Pomerania, and the circle of Koslin. It is on the river Persante, about one mile from its entrance into the Baltic. It has some foreign trade, and considerable establishments for building ships; and near to it are some extensive saltworks, belonging to the crown. It contains four churches, 780 houses, and 7950 civil inhabitants, besides a garrison. It is chiefly remarkable for the strength of its position, and for its fortifications. It stands on a hill surrounded with morasses; and the broad ditches can be with ease filled with water from the river Persante. A strong citadel commands the city and the entrance from the sea, and it has several strong out-works.

Irom its importance as a landing-place, it has been frequently attacked. The Russians besieged it in 1758, but were repulsed. In 1760, it was attacked by a combined fleet or Russian and Swedish ships and 15,000 land troops, but it was relieved by General Werner. Again, in the next year, it was attacked by the Russian general Romanzoff, with fifty-five ships of war and a powerful land force. It was ably defended during four months, and the Russians lost more than 3000 men in the trenches; but at length, from want of provisions, it capitulated on the 16th December.

The most distinguished defence was that in 1807, when most of the other strong places in Prussia had surrendered to the invading armies of Bonaparte. It was attacked by 18,000 men, commanded by Loisson, and defended by 6000 Prussians, including volunteer inhabitants. After a siege with constant bombarding, in which the greater part of the city was destroyed, it surrendered, having lost 1900 men. General Gniseneau, who commanded on this occasion, first displayed his high military talents. Long. 15. 32. N. Lat. 54. ∕. E. b
KOLOMEA, a circle of the Austrian kingdom of Galicia, extending over 1263 square miles, and comprehending three cities, twelve market-towns, and 204 villages, containing 30,618 houses, with 156,614 inhabitants, of whom 11,700 are Jews. It is an agricultural district, yielding corn and flax in the level parts; but a large portion of it is mountainous and barren. The capital is the city of the same name situated on the river Pruth, with a Greek and a Catholic church, and 1890 inhabitants.
KOLUMNA, a circle in the Russian province of Moskwa, which extends over 662 square miles, comprehending one city and 269 parishes, with 65,650 inhabitants. The capital is the city of that name, on the river Kolomenka, which runs to the Moskwa. It contains a cathedral and sixteen other churches, with 1150 houses, mostly of wood, and 6340 inhabitants. There is much tallow and leather produced, and there are manufactures of linen, silk, and cotton goods. Long. 38. 25. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.
KOLYVAN, a province of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Tomsk, situated on the upper course of the Obi. It is chiefly distinguished by the abundant copper mines within its limits, containing a considerable proportion both of silver and gold. These mines were discovered in 1727 by Μ. Demidoff, who. when he began to work them in 1730, publicly extracted the copper, but was obliged clandestinely to separate the gold. This fraud being discovered by a German, the mines were confiscated to the use of the government; and, according to the accounts of the board of mines, these works, from 1725 to 1786, produced about 3,500,000 pounds of silver, and 48,000 pounds of gold. The town of Kolyvan is small, situated on the right bank of the Berda, near its junction with the Obi. Long. 81. 50. E. Lat. 54. 48. N.
KOMORN, a circle of the province of the Farther Danube, in the Austrian kingdom of Hungary. It extends over 1167 square miles, comprehending one city, five market-towns, and 156 villages and hamlets, with 12,256 houses. The inhabitants are two-thirds Catholics, and one-third reformed Protestants. The capital is a city of the same name, at the junction of the Waag with the Danube. It is strongly fortified, and has five Catholic, one Lutheran, one Reformed, and one Greek church, with 1400 houses, and 11,200 inhabitants. A great part of the city was thrown down by an earthquake in 1763, and again by another in 1783, but the damages were speedily [7:12:756]r epaired. There are manufactures of woollen cloth, several tanneries, and the fishery on the Danube gives employment to many persons. There is a strong fort on the point of land where the two rivers meet. Long. 18. 2. 30. E. Lat. 47. 45. 34. N.
KONG, a kingdom of Central Africa, to the south of the Niger, nearly midway between Ashantee and Bambarra. According to Park, hong signifies mountain; and the physical aspect of the country corresponds to this, being traversed by a great central chain of mountains bearing the same name. There is little known concerning this kingdom; and it appears to be by no means so wealthy and powerful as that of Ashantee, although the country is populous, and abounds in horses and elephants.
KONG-CHANG-FOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in the province of Shensi, near the western frontier. The surrounding country is mountainous, and abounds with the animal which produces musk. It is situated near the head of the river Hoeiho, which falls into Yellow River, and is the seat of an extensive trade. Long. 104. 19. E. Lat. 34. 56. N.
KONGSBURG, a city of Norway, in the province of Aggerhuus. It is situated on the Lovenelf, in a deep and wild valley, which the mountain Jons Knuber, 2800 feet high, overlooks. It contains 1500 houses, and 6800 inhabitants. It was formerly the head of a mining department, and near it the silver mines were extensively worked for several ages, till, in the present century, it was found that the expense exceeded the value of the gross proceeds, and the works were abandoned. The establishment of the cotton manufacture now gives employment to the population, who would be otherwise in a most destitute condition.
KÖNIG, George Matthias, a learned German, born at Altorf, in Franconia, in 1616. He became professor of poetry and of the Greek tongue there, and librarian to the university; in which last office he succeeded his father. He gave several public specimens of his learning, but is principally known for a biographical dictionary, entitled Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 4to, Altorf, 1674; which, though it is very defective, is still useful to biographers. He died in 1699.
KONIGBERG, a city of the circle of Barsch or Bars, in the Austrian kingdom of Hungary, on the river Gran. It is in a deep valley, surrounded by three mountains. It contains 510 houses, and 3770 inhabitants. There were formerly mines of gold and silver, but these have ceased for several years to be worked. Long. 18. 32. 35. E. Lat. 42. 25. 42. N.
KONIGINGRATZ, a circle of the Austrian kingdom of Bohemia, extending over 1536 square miles. It contains forty-two cities and towns, and 810 villages and hamlets, with 48,259 houses, and 271,080 inhabitants. It is moderately fertile, and produces corn, flax, wood, and has good pasturage. The capital is a city of the same name, on the river Elbe, well fortified. It contains, besides the cathedral, six churches, two hospitals, and an orphan-house, with 624 dwellings, and 5903 inhabitants, employed chiefly in making woollen cloths. Lat. 50. 12. 38. Ñ.
KÖNIGSLUTTER, a city of the duchy of Brunswick, in Germany, the capital of a circle of the same name. It is on the river Lutter, is walled, and contains a palace of the prince, two churches, in one of which the minster is an ancient monument to the memory of the Emperor Lothario the Second and his empress. It contains 338 houses, and 2850 inhabitants, who carry on several extensive distilleries, and make linen and other cloths.
KONIGSTEIN, a small city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the bailiwick of Pirna and province of Meissen, situated on the left bank of the Elbe, and containing 190 houses, with 1450 inhabitants. It is in that part of the kingdom commonly called Saxon Switzerland, and is remarkable for the impregnable fortress adjoining to it. The mountain castle overlooks the town, on a rock whose perpendicular face towards the Elbe is about 900 feet. It includes, on the top of the rock, within its walls, fields, gardens, meadows, and a wood, and a well abounding with water, 900 feet deep, so that sufficient provision for the garrison can be grown within itself; but there are large storehouses on the rock, for provisions, ammunition, and all necessaries; amongst others, two great casks of wine, capable of containing 1000 hogsheads. The casernes are bomb-proof, and, from the nature of the rock, the castle can neither be assailed by traverses nor by mines. In this fortress, the jewels, money, curiosities, and archives of the crown have been deposited in time of war, and were secure when the capital and its palaces were occupied by Frederick of Prussia, as well as at a more recent period, when Dresden was the head-quarters of the French army, and assailed by the allied forces of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Sweden. The castle contains also the state-prison. On the opposite side of the Elbe is the fortress of Lillienstein, on a sandy rock 1080 feet above the river. It is now dilapidated, but was occupied by the French in 1813, who added to the works.
KONJEUR, a small district of Hindustan, in the province of Orissa, situated principally between the twenty-first and twenty-second degrees of north latitude. It is bounded on the north by the districts of Singboom and Mohurbunge, and to the south by the province of Cuttack. It was formerly tributary to the Mahrattas, but is now occupied by independent chiefs. It is fertilized by many streams, but is now in a neglected state. The principal towns are Konjeur, Ogurapoor, and Andapoorgur.
KONKODOO, one of the three independent states into which Bambouk, a considerable territory of Western Africa, is divided. Latadoo and Bambouk are the names of the two other kingdoms, the latter having given its name to the whole territory. The country is crowded with steep mountains, composed of a species of red granite, but they are clothed with vegetation to the very summits; and the villages, which are built in delightful glens, present a most romantic appearance. Gold is distributed in larger or smaller quantities throughout Konkodoo, and the chief occupation of the inhabitants seems to be the collecting of the precious metal, which they separate from grosser matter by mechanical processes. This kingdom is governed by a chief; but the Siratik, the regal title of the sovereign of Bambouk, enjoys an honorary superiority.
KOOKIES, a singular race of people, who inhabit the mountains to the north-east of the Chittagong district, in the province of Bengal. They are little known to the inhabitants of the plain, and are seldom seen except when they visit the markets on the borders of the jungles in the Rungancah and Aurungabad divisions, to purchase salt, dried fish, and tobacco. The Kookies are a stout, muscular race, but not tall, and have the peculiar Tartar features of the Asiatics in the east, namely, the flat nose, small eye, and broad, round face. They are divided into a number of distinct communities independent of each other, and are all hunters and warriors. Their arms are bows and arrows, clubs and spears; and, by way of defence, they build their villages, which generally contain from 500 to 2000 inhabitants, on the most inaccessible hills. They are much addicted to war, in which they are almost constantly engaged; and, like most savages, they prefer ambuscades and surprises to regular battle. They are vindictive in their dispositions, and always shed blood on a principle of retaliation. They use an intoxicating liquor distilled from rice, which they drink at marriages, these being attended with much feasting. They have an idea of rewards and punishments in a future state, and they have also a saint or angel which they worship as the mediator between them and the Deity. They have no regular priests, and the master of each family instructs the children in the religious knowledge which he thinks necessary. They sometimes engage in war with the Choomeas; but being in great dread of fire-arms, they are quickly driven back to their native mountains. They are, however, a great terror to the inhabitants on the borders of the Chittagong district, especially to the wood-cutters, on whom they frequently make inroads. They subsist partly by the chase: and they have no religious prejudice against any animal. An elephant is considered as a great prize by them, as it affords so great a quantity of food. Their domestic animals are gagals, goats, hogs, dogs, and fowls.
KOOM, a city of Persia, in the province of Koom. It stands on an extensive plain, and on the banks of a small river, which rises at no great distance, and is lost in the great Salt Desert. This city was built by the Saracens in the year 806, upon the site, as D’Anville supposes, of the ancient Choana. It was erected from the ruins of seven towns, which had composed a small sovereignty under an Arabian prince. It afterwards became one of the [7:12:758] finest cities of Persia, and was long celebrated for the manufacture of silks. It was taken by the Afghans in 1722, when they invaded Persia, and completely destroyed it. Part of it has since been rebuilt, but it has still the appearance of a vast ruin. There is a very beautiful college, with a celebrated mosque and sanctuary erected to the memory of Fatima, the daughter of Imaun Reza. In the mosque are still to be seen the tombs of Sofi the First and Shah Abbas the Second. The dome is lofty, and has been gilded at the expense of the king. About ten miles to the north of the town is a very curious hill in the middle of the plain, called by some Nimick Koh, or the mountain of salt, and by others Koh Ιalism, the mountain of the talisman; for, according to the tradition of the country, no person ever succeeded in gaining its summit. Long. 50. 29. E. Lat. 34. 45. N.
KOONTASSEE, a small town of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat and district of Morvec, near the great marshes called the Runn. The country in the neighbourhood is in a deplorable state, and the villages nearly uninhabited, owing to the tumult and confusion which pervade the whole district.
KOORBAH, a town of Hindustan, province of Gundwana, district of Choteesgur, thirty-six miles north-east from Ruttunpoor. Long. 83. 8. E. Lat. 22. 25. N.
KOOTAHE, or Cocoa Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, and separated from Neootabootaboo by a channel only three miles broad. It was discovered by Schouten and Le Maire, on the 10th May 1616. Long. 173. 48. W. Lat. 15. 55. S.
KOPAUL, a town of Hindustan, belonging to the nizam, in the province of Bejapoor, and district of Gujundergur. It is one of the strongest places in the south of India. The lower fort is a semicircle at the bottom of a steep, rocky mountain, commanded by a middle and upper fort, the last overlooking the whole. It is chiefly formed of one immense rock, almost perpendicular, and of great height. In 1790, when it was possessed by Tippoo, it was besieged by the nizam’s army, and capitulated after a siege of six months. It is 63 miles north-west from Bellary. Long. 76. 6. E. Lat. 15. 28. N.
KOPYS, a town of the province Mohilew, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Dnieper. It contains a Greek, Catholic, a Lutheran, and a Unitarian church, with 3800 inhabitants. Long. 30. 10. E. Lat. 54. 20. N.
KORAH, a district of Hindustan, in the province of Allahabad, situated in the doab, or the space enclosed between the Ganges and the Jumna, and between the 26th and 27th degrees of north latitude. The country is in general flat, except on the banks of the Ganges, where the villages are situated, being usually surrounded by mango trees. The whole territory is fertile, and in a progressive state of prosperity, under the administration of the British, to whom it was ceded in 1801. Korah is the name of the principal town, in the province of Allahabad. The travelling distance is sixty-seven miles from Lucknow, and 301 from Delhi. Long. 80. 40. E. Lat. 26. 6. N. This is also the name of a village in Cutch, situated about ten miles south from Luckput Bunder, on the road from that place to Mandavee, a sea-port on the Gulf of Cutch. Lat. 23. 38. N.
KORDOFAN, a country of Central Africa, situated between the kingdoms of Darfoor and Sennaar. Little can be said of it, except that from time immemorial an inveterate animosity has subsisted between the Foorians and Kor-dofanese, arising principally from mercantile jealousy, as the country of the latter lies in the route to Sennaar and Suakem, the most direct line of communication with Mecca. The governors of Kordofan had for a long time been deputed by the Mek of Sennaar; but, in consequence of the weakness and dissensions of the latter kingdom, the power was usurped by the Foorian sultan. But the enterprising ruler of Egypt having reduced all the provinces of Africa as far as Sennaar, both Kordofan and Darfoor were enumerated among the kingdoms which now acknowledge by a tribute the conqueror of Egypt and Arabia. The country is of an arid character, destitute of any thing like a river or lake. The tropical rains, however, which fall at a certain season with great violence, inundate a considerable portion of the country, and thus, affording moisture to vegetation, agricultural operations are carried on. These are sufficient to produce wheat, and doku, a species of millet. The king enjoys absolute authority, but policy compels him to court his warriors, who, like those of Bornou, are invested in chain armour. What the number of inhabitants occupying this rude tract of country may be, it is impossible to say.
KORDOS, the ancient Corinth, a town in European Turkey, in the peninsula of the Morea, near the Gulf of Lepanto. It is the seat of a great archbishop, and contained about 500 houses, with 4000 inhabitants. Long. 23. 3. 10. E. Lat. 37. 55. 54. N.
KORNA, a flourishing little village of Irak Arabi. It is situated at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris, and carries on some trade with Bassora. It was recommended by Sir J. Malcolm as a fort which might [7:12:760]be occupied and fortified, and from which the predatory Arabs might be kept in check.
KOROTSCHA, a city of European Russia, in the province of Kursk, the capital of a circle, and standing on a river of the same name. It contains six churches, 1033 houses, and 9800 inhabitants. Long. 36. 57. E. Lat. 50. 45. N.
KOSELSK, a city of the province of Kaluga, in Russia, the capital of a circle of the same name. It stands at the junction of the river Schisbra with the Dragunka, and is the best built city of the province. It contains broad streets, a spacious market-place, seven churches, four of them of stone, and 559 houses, with 3800 inhabitants, who have considerable trade by the two rivers. Long. 35. 25. E. Lat 54. 12. N.
KOSFELD, a city, the capital of a circle of the Munster division of the province of Westphalia, in Prussia. It stands on the river Berkel, has a fortress adjoining, and contains two churches, 490 houses, and, including the garrison, 5850 inhabitants. There are linen and woollen manufactures. Long. 7. 7. 17. E. Lat. 51. 57. 10. N.
KOSLIN, a circle of the Prussian government of Pomerania, which extends over 5687 square miles, comprehending twenty-eight cities and towns, and 1196 villages and hamlets, containing, in 1827, 303,836 inhabitants. It stretches along the shore of the Baltic Sea. The chief place is the city of the same name, which contains the several boards of administration for the province, and 556 houses, with 6440 inhabitants. Long. 16. 15. 55. E. Lat. 54. 12. 7. N.
KOSLOW, a city of the Russian province Tambow, the capital of a circle of the same name, on the river Woronesh. It contains three wooden and five stone churches, a convent, and 1237 houses, with 8060 inhabitants, who trade in salted fish, hides, tallow, and other produce of the soil. Long. 40. 12. E. Lat. 54. 13. N.

Koslow, a city of the Russian province of Taurien, the capital of a circle of the same name. It stands at the bottom of a deep bay on the Black Sea. It has been declared a free port ever since 1798, and has a quarantine station. Large quantities of produce arc shipped from it, consisting of wheat, salt, iron, wool, linen, leather, horses’ tails and hair, hides, and tallow. It contains 928 houses, and, according to Pallas, 11,500 inhabitants. It is considered to be unhealthy, and the water is not very good. Long. 33. 20. E. Lat. 45. 15. N.