plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, adolescents are a group that is targeted by the alcohol industry; and there is an increase of online marketing efforts. However, the main supply of alcohol is via physical availability (e.g., convenience stores, retail shops, pubs, bars). This can be monitored by the “density of alcohol sales licenses” per population. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a core set of alcohol best buy intervention strategies. One of them is the “restricted access to retailed alcohol”. This study explored the relationship between the density of alcohol outlets, alcohol sale licences, and alcohol drinking behaviors in Thai teenagers during the last 10 years (2007-2017). We drew data from two data sets. Firstly, alcohol drinking behavior was extracted from the 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017 waves of the, nationally representative, Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption Survey in Thailand. Alcohol drinking behavior was categorised as: current drinker, regular drinker (≥1 time/week), and binge drinker (≥ 4-5 standard drinks in each time). Secondly, the density of alcohol sales licenses per 1,000 population in each province was calculated by the number of alcohol sales licenses from the Royal Thai Ministry of Finance, divided by the mid-year population number from the Royal Ministry of Interior. In this study, the density of alcohol sales licenses suggested alcohol outlet density. The relationships between the alcohol sales license figures and drinking behavior were analyzed by a heatmap and spatiotemporal mixed model. Our data had two levels. The upper level (i.e., provincial level) featured the density of alcohol sales licenses (spatial effect), years of survey (temporal effect) and the Social Deprivation Index (SDI). The lower level (i.e. individual level) had the demographic data of participants. We found that the density of alcohol sales licenses increased the odds for the current drinker category to be present (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.45), especially in male (OR = 1.09, 95%CI, 1.04-1.14). Furthermore, it also increased the odds for the presence of the binge drinker category but only in regards to females (OR = 1.23, 95%CI, 1.05-1.44). The number of alcohol sales licenses from 2007 to 2018 was, on average, nine licenses per 1,000 residents. In 2007 and 2008, the density of alcohol sales licenses was lower than the other years. Meanwhile, in 2015, the density of alcohol sales licenses was higher than the others. It could be concluded that the number of alcohol sales licenses showed quite steady density adjustments and no declines. Based on our results, increasing alcohol sales licenses is associated with a higher proportion of alcohol drinking from Thai teenagers. Thus, it is suggested that government organizations develop and apply strategies towards reducing the number of licenses for the sale of alcohol. Potential examples are: stricter control on the license applications and renewals process, increasing licensing fees, and using the density of alcohol sales licenses as a metric assisting the development of targets in the national alcohol control strategy.
Electronic health data plays a prominent role in the delivery of patient care. It depends upon the management of vital information exchanged among healthcare providers, as such can lead to more appropriate decision-making and improved quality of care and research. Currently, the lack of adequate health informatics standards in Thailand is a major challenge for data stored and sharing. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is a globally important health data standard for information modeling and transfer. This study, thus, explored 1) how data schema of Acute Ischemic Stroke Care Record Summary (AISCRS) can be modeled on FHIR specification; and 2) in how far the data elements can bind with standard medical terminologies (SMTs). The study employed a data mapping technique for information modelling by identifying and mapping corresponding elements between data models, i.e., AISCRS, FHIR, and SMTs. The results demonstrated that the entire content of the AISCRS can be modeled using FHIR. 96% of the content mapped onto core elements, and 4% of the content were modelled as extensions. Furthermore, the FHIR data schema comprehensively supported medical terminology system binding, including SNOMED CT, LOINC, ATC, TMT, HL7, and ISCO-08. Therefore, FHIR proved a suitable model for the entire AISCRS.
This study aimed to serve three principal purposes, first, to review lessons learned in administering health security for migrant workers and non- Thai within the international and local contexts; second, to critically analyze the roles and responsibilities toward health security system governance of central- coordinating agency and finally to synthesize the alternative model of central coordinating agency to ensure organization accountabilities in formulating applicable and accessible health security in Thailand. The study was undertaken by using qualitative research, relevant literature review, detailed semi-structured interview, and group brainstorm session for the data collection process. The study results revealed that socio- economic integration and expanding globalization have substantially influenced upon public health administration for migrant workers and non-Thai nationals, both global and regional contextualization. However, multi- stakeholder alliances in the healthcare system and departmentalism have resulted in problematic situations in governing health security for non-Thai. These four unsolved problems were: first, lack of working integration between political authorities, policy implementers, and responsible agencies; second, conflict of law and overregulation including ambiguity in non- Thai national’ s legal rights to access health security system; third, lack of integration between levels of management across the external organization and inefficient segregation of duties, together with inharmonious relationship between the regulator, user, and service provider in the healthcare system, finally, inefficient service from the unclear guideline on the multinational customer, triggering higher additional cost. Based on previous problem statements, this study presented five options under two frameworks as the solution approaches to establish a central- coordinating agency that governs the health security system for foreign workers and non- Thai nationals. The mentioned frameworks consist of; Framework No. 1: adjusting responsible departments or agencies within the Ministry of Public Health, first option: Promoting Division of Health Economics and Security to be Central Collaboration Office, administering health security system for migrant workers and non-Thai. Second option: Establishing a new division within the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health to mainly operate as Central Collaboration Office, working together with the Division of Health Economics and Security as a finance department. Framework No. 2 Promoting organization structures and legal frameworks for related government agencies governing health security systems for migrant workers and non-Thai. First option: Establishing multinational fund as an independent entity working under a government agency or public organization. Second Option: Drafting National Health Security Act for non-Thai nationals. Third Option: Reinterpreting the Law that recognizes the rights holder specified in section no. 5 of National Health Security Act, B. E. 2545 to cover all Thai citizens, including Stateless and People with Citizenship Problems.
The development of integrated information system (registration and utilization information system as a repository for common use) for health should be based on the conceptual framework of value-based healthcare (VBH). The proper structural measures compatible with patient database along with the completeness and accuracy of the database are the focus of the present study to monitor and evaluate the VBH. The study of diabetes based on the 52-file standard datasets expected to see a high number of Thai people with diabetes that caused high costs and disease burden. The present study employed mixed methodologies to study the appropriate indicator structures in relation to the patient databases. The quantitative data from October 2017 to September 2018 from the primary care units in Lopburi (A) and Phetchabun (B) were analyzed. The results showed that A had 170 patients with 24.1-97.1% data completeness and 92.3-100% data accuracy; while B had 8,836 patients with 0-81.4% data completeness and 67.9-100% data accuracy. The qualitative research based on interviews with 10 relevant workers in the PCUs led to similar conclusion that duplicate data and wrong data formats were common data errors and affected the monitoring of quality of the full range of services. The development of the continuity of care and outcome reporting system would help improve the completeness and accuracy of health
This research aimed at examining costs of intermediate care among patients with cerebrovascular diseases hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in fiscal year 2018. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study collecting data from July to December 2019. Seventy patients with cerebrovascular diseases were recruited accruing 179 admissions and 1,417 admission days, average admission day per case equaled to 7.9 days. Research findings showed that 71.4% of participants were the universal coverage scheme (UCS) beneficiaries, 25.7% were beneficiaries of the civil servant medical benefit scheme (CSMBS) and 2.9% were members of the social security scheme (SSS). The full internal cost of intermediate care was approximately 2,293,622 baht. The highest cost was routine service cost (RSC) at 1,484,988 baht, followed by medical care cost (MCC) at 807,472 baht, while the capital cost (CC) was the lowest at 1,163 baht. Among different health insurance schemes, variation of full cost of each health scheme was marginal i.e. the UCS at 1,604, the CSMBS at 1,656, and the SSS at 1,716 baht per admission day. The full external cost of intermediate care among patients with cerebrovascular diseases was 4,722 baht per case consisting of 4,182 baht of direct non-medical cost per case, and 350–1,490 baht per case for opportunity cost. Cost analysis using cost-bearer criterion into internal costs borne by providers and external costs borne by patients/families could guide health service planning integral to efficient financing at the heart of health system strengthening to improve health of the population, and achieve equitable access to essential health care service with efficient use of health resources.
National Health Security Office (NHSO) lump sum pays a service unit for orthodontic treatment 48,000 baht per cleft patient’s lifetime even the orthodontic treatment is ongoing. When some patients have to relocate and be treated at other service units, they are charged for the remaining treatment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to perform costing based orthodontic fee and payment schedule. Itemized full cost was calculated according to activity-based costing. Two workshops with dental personnel of 15 regional hospitals in 9 health regions were conducted to collect data on itemized service time, and the material and non-drug medical supplies of the budget year 2020. The national data on average renumeration per minute of specialist dentist, dental technician and dental assistance; and depreciation cost of building and dental equipment were obtained from the Ministry of Public Health. The indirect cost was added at a 20% of the total direct cost and the future development cost was a 25% addition on the full cost. Itemized dental lab fee (if any) was finally added to be the final fee for reimbursement from the government payer. The study was performed during February to December 2020. The full cost and final fee of orthodontic treatment were 47,311 and 56,320 baht per patient lifetime. The payments of 3 treatment phases conforming with cost of dentition by age were 3,583 (for primary dentition of pre-school age) 18,158 (for mixed dentition of primary school age) and 34,580 baht (for permanent dentition of secondary school age). If based on final fee, the required budget for reimbursement should increase by 8,320 baht per patient lifetime. According to the 2013 NHSO’s 48,000 baht rate, the payments should be 3,054; 15,475 and 29,471 baht respectively.
Background and Rationale: Treatment discontinuation and medication non-adherence are critical problems in caring patients with schizophrenia; this could cause recurrence and serious consequences of schizophrenia. A multidisciplinary team in Donmoddaeng district, Ubonratchathani province developed a home health care, proactive approach, to promote patient care and treatment continuity. This study aimed to determine outcomes of home health care in patients with schizophrenia provided by a multidisciplinary team in Donmoddaeng district, Ubonratchathani province. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 60 schizophrenia patients (30 in study group and 30 in control group). All patients received usual care at the hospital. The patients in the study group received three visits of home health care by a multidisciplinary team and brief motivation counseling by a pharmacist. This study was a 6-month trial, run during July – December 2019. Clinical outcomes and quality of life were measured together with problem-solving results and patients’ satisfaction pertaining to home health care. Results: Most patients were male (study group 60% vs. control group 63%), aged above 30 years (93% vs. 67%), single (47% vs. 63%), with primary school education (67% vs. 53%), employed (57% vs. 57%), living with family (77% vs. 90%) and had disease longer than 5 years (73% vs. 53%). After brief motivation counseling, the follow up rate with doctor increased from 87% to 100% in month 1 and 2 (p = 0.043), the medication compliance rate also increased from 87% to 100% in month 1 and 2 (p = 0.043). Patients were very satisfied with home health care (4.37±0.49). At month 6, the recurrence rate of schizophrenia in the home health care group was 0% vs. 17% in control group (p = 0.020), and hospitalization due to the recurrence was 0% in the home health care group vs. 13% in the control group (p = 0.038), with average length of stay of 0 day vs. 0.60 ± 1.85 day (p = 0.040). No significant difference in quality of life scores was found (11.00 ± 10.86 vs. 9.50 ± 9.13, p = 0.7). Conclusion: Home health care by multidisciplinary team in patients with schizophrenia was effective. Healthcare facilities should support this proactive approach in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of schizophrenia patient care.
The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) category E(2) was first announced in 2007 to be the drug
list for specific groups of patients to provide equitable access to high-cost medicines regardless of
health benefit schemes. The selection of medicines to the category E(2) was managed by the NLEM
subcommittee under the National Drug System Development Committee. Since 2007, the selection
process has been evolved leading to an increase number of medicines to the E(2) list. This study
aimed to describe the selection process of medicine to the NLEM category E(2), including responsible
organization, process, definition/selection criteria, outcomes, as well as barriers and enablers. A
qualitative approach was employed comprising document review and semi-structured interviews with
policymakers and stakeholders of the selection process. Data were analyzed using a content analysis
approach. The results revealed that the number of medicines in the NLEM category E(2) increased every
3 years according to the serving term of the committees, resulting in 32 medicines approved for treating
40 indications in 2018. Barriers to efficient work procedures were addressed as follows: 1) limited budget
and skilled workforces; 2) limited frequency of call for drug submission to the NLEM; and 3) different
interpretation of the definition and enlistment criteria of NLEM on category E(2). In addition, the present
study found that giving high priority to the selection of medicines to the category E(2) and reviewing
barriers, enablers of the selection processes of the subcommittee would lead to a more efficient
selection process. The present study recommends performance improvement plans through
organizational structure including recruiting highly skilled staff, improving work processes, and a
monitoring and evaluation system to achieve the efficient selection process.
The objectives of this study were to: 1) studying the causes and factors of success/loss, lack of financial liquidity of the hospitals management, and 2) proposing financial management guidelines for the hospitals. The sample comprised 8 financial managers, working at the health region level and ministerial level. Data collection were collected by in-depth interviews, using structured interview forms. Data analyses was carried out using content analysis. The results found 8 themes of causes and success factors in hospital financial management: 1) nationally, set aside 10 percent of the money for management 2) adaption 3) leadership 4) provide additional income, reduce expenses 5) accounting software 6) reduce labor costs and adopt information systems 7) e-bidding procurement system and 8) Planfin preparation. There were found 10 themes of causes and factors of financial management failure: 1) inadequate budget allocation 2) capitation 3) allocation of the universal health coverage scheme budget downturn 5) incapability of hospital administrators 6) lack of leadership 7) labor cost 8) material cost 9) incorrect accounting information system and 10) operating expenses do not meet the fiscal plan. The policy recommendations for financial management guidelines are as follows: financial administration should be more decentralized to health regions and provinces; changing the method of budget allocating by excluding salary from the health capitation; setting a sharing fund to help hospitals with problems; increasing budgets for health regions; joint management using virtual accounts; and increasing joint financial management within health regions.
Background & Rationale: The previous format of data collection to formulate an action plan had many problems and obstacles. While the features of Google Sheet as a tool in Google for Education on the cloud system are fascinating. The purpose of this research was to develop an application for importing budget plan data on projects for the preparation of the annual fiscal action plan of the Sirindhorn College of Public Health Chonburi for the faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences. Methodology: The process of system development life cycle (SDLC) was applied in 6 steps. 1. Google Sheet application development meeting was first launched to the planning and strategy committee of the college administrators (planning). 2. Set the scope of the system in detail covering the system requirements in terms of access and security of the system and data management functions to allow the system to collect and export data (defining). 3. Detailed information of the program was analyzed to design the work order and verify data integrity at the system boundaries (designing). 4. Created the database in Google Sheet as designed in the action plans with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript languages (building). 5. Evaluated the usability and functions of the program to improve the program (testing). 6. Installed the program, created user manuals for hands-on training, trained and evaluated user satisfaction for the final improvement of the system (deployment). Result: The developed web application had user interfaces for data import, data processing, data storage, and result presentation. The program used the Google Apps Script language that needed no installation of servers and database systems to the server. However, users were able to access it and collaborate simultaneously at any location with Internet connection. The overall satisfaction rating was high (average 4.1) for the efficiency of using Google Sheet to deliver the action plan of the College. Conclusion: The Google Sheet made it easy to import data, update and edit project plan information to create an action plan for Sirindhorn College of Public Health Chonburi. The process was simple, suitable, reduced duplicate work, and done with the same database consistent with the digital policy of the Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute.
The objective of this study was to review policies related to the health care and well-being of urban refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand (URAS). The qualitative approach was exercised. Data collection comprised a review of academic documents from both domestic and international sources, multi-lateral agreements or international covenants, and domestic laws related to human rights and health of URAS. The acquired data were analyzed by means of content analysis. The findings revealed that there were three main health issues faced by URASs in Thailand: (i) disease screening, (ii) mental health, and (iii) other health issues. In terms of international covenants, Thailand has not yet been a signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. However, in 2019, the Government endorsed the ‘Regulation of the Office of the Prime Minister: Screening Process for Aliens Entering the Kingdom of Thailand and Incapable of Returning to Their Home Country’. There have no tangible changes of healthcare policies for URASs after the Regulation was promulgated. The present study recommends that, the Regulation should be used to create a concrete set of committees to expedite the issuance of subordinate laws or orders that can be exercised at the local level. Moreover, there should be additional studies on the extent to which the Thai Government should become a party of the 1951 Refugee Convention and should withdraw a reservation to ratify Article 22 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. A thorough investigation was recommended to estimate benefits and drawbacks of becoming a party of these international agreements.