plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
Networking and Processes for Road Accident Policy	Road accident cases in Thailand were on the rise since 1983 to 1991. Road users were increasingly injured by 60% and 38% more death rates found during this period. Despite the availability of road accident prevention policy e.g. compulsory use of motorcycle helmet and safety belt, injured cases were not reduced to satisfactory level. This study was to analyze Thailand’s road accident policy by using secondary data and interviewing those who were involved in the policy-making process. Limitations of policy-making process were explored and recommendations were synthesized to improving the process of policy-making. 	Lack of networking various agencies and stakeholders to processing the policy was the prime disadvantage while resources were also restricted to effectively facilitate the networking establishment.   The road accident problems should be made realized into wider groups of people including all road users, policy makers and politicians. The most active role player should be the government to set up the institution responsible for networking a number of agencies and people to get involved in the policy-making process and for evaluating policy implementation.
Results and guidelines of how to build up a desired family 	The objectives of this study from many research results and guidelines of how to build up a desired family are as follows: to have an analytical study in order to obtain some indicators in search of Thailand’s desired family structure and to inquire methods of how to strengthen a desired family particularly from the previous studies. All of these results would be useful for the research study programme will be conducted by Bureau of Health Promotion, concerning the conditions of the desired Thai family in 1998 and by the end of The Eighth National Economic and Social Development Plan in 2001.	From the study result, it was found that the government’s policies and plans  to develop the family institution had started since The Seventh National Economic and Social Development Plan. The plan elaborates roles and developmental directions on how to strengthen the stability of family institution, how to cultivate good morals and cultural values for thai people. Moreover, the government had edicted a policy and a long-term plan (1995-2005), Other than the above mentioned, it was also found in the study results that there were varieties of the meanings, duties, significance and family qualities, family structure. The analysed studies was categorized structurally by the Bureau of Health Promotion are: mother and child, schooling children and adolescence, working age group and the elderly, all of which are involved economically and socially with health factors regarding family relationship, education, earning, accommodation and surroundings.	With regard to studies on qualities of the desired family made by many governmental units responsible for developmental task concerning family institution and quality of life such as the Prime Minister’s Office, Department of Public Welfare, Community Development Department and Office of Primary Care, the emphasis was put on the strength of the each family unit: each family should have love and fonding care for each other, the family member should know one’s duties and responsibilities, A family should be self-reliant and be of help to others. One should be healthy physically and mentally. One should have conscience and useful behavior for his own community etc.	This study rendered many various indicators which are very useful, but in need of obtain in appropriate and coherent indicators, those varieties of indicators had to be examined in cooperation with the experts from many governmental units and they were digested into 5 characteristics as follows: health family, good family relationship, family economics status, social conscience and public spirited behavior.
This study was aimed to estimate cost profile, unit cost and performance of public and private hemodialysis (HD) centers throughout the country for the year 2001(2544BE). A self administered questionnaire survey was distributed to the whole 170 HD centers. This is to solicit information on labor cost (including salary, wages, fringe benefit and overtime payment) and time allocation for HD center only, direct material cost for providing HD services (excluding public utilities and related drugs for the treatment of complications). We use straight line depreciation cost for capital investment in HD machines (5 years useful life) and buildings (20 years useful life).A multiple regression was used to estimate cost function of HD centersWe got 117 questionnaire returned, 69% response rate, with 108 complete forms for analysis (64%). By 2001, there were 730 machines operating, 56% owned by publicand 44% by private. Private HD centers had higher productivity (number of sessionper HD per day) than public. On cost profile, the ratio of labor cost to material cost to capital cost was 40:43:17. Total costs of public and private HD center were 273.9 and 259.7 million Baht respectively. Capital cost of public HD center was 10% higher than the private HD centers. Unit cost per HD session was 1,927 Baht in public and 1,525 Baht in private HD centers. Multiple regression demonstrated that total sessions and session per HD per day determined total cost of public and private HD centers, with R2 of 0.865.We performed breakeven analysis, the current charge per session was high enough in both public and private to perform their productivity higher than the breakeven point.Reimbursement of 1,500 Baht for social security workers was too low and that hospital set charge higher than 1,500 Baht for them. Scatter-gram where X axis represented session per HD per day and Y axis represented unit cost, demonstrated that private HD centers were more efficient than public centers.This study should provide a strong ground for further policy analysis on expansion of renal replacement therapy for the Universal Coverage scheme. In the meantime, HD centers could improve its performance through reduction of unit cost and increase productivity. To improve the performance, there was a need to solve administrative problems at micro-level, such as staff incentives.
Review and Brainstorming for Establishing Research Questions on the Public Health Assistance SchemeThe purpose of this study was to set the priority of research questions for improving the Public Health Assistance Scheme. Literature review and brainstorming from key informants e.g. experienced people, academics and those either directly or indirectly involved in the scheme, were performed. The study found that the urgent research questions were : To what extent the scheme reached the poor and to what extent the registration compulsory for all members benefited the targeting mechanism, What was the main objective of the scheme (creating equity of care access or safety nets) which would be advantageous for developing targeting criteria and basic package, How to edit the laws relevant to the scheme in order to improve the scheme comprehensively, How to set the new poverty line and other suitable criteria to improve the targeting mechanism.
This study aims to enlargement of safety promotion system development in the school buses at rural areas of Chiang Rai province in the 4 districts. Study population are 408 school bus drivers. Implemented activities and data collection was concurrently done in two periods of time. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and behavioral surveillance are used at the first period. Activities including physical check-up, meeting, school bus check-up for developing the school bus safety system were conducted at the second period. Results Most of school bus drivers were male (86.4%). Mean age was 41.6 years.59.8% of them were primary school education level background and 27.9% were juniors high school. 9.9% of them were smokers, 1.6% were drinkers About half of them (56.8%) had annually physical check-up and 12.4% had health problem. Fifty-five percents of school buses were pickup truck and 34.8% were van. Most of drivers have their own school buses and had 4.9 years (median) driving experience. Thirty percents of school bus (roof, seats) were modified and each school bus was used for transferred students in one school. Most of passengers were junior high school students (85.75%). The capacity building that related to traffic law, ethical and primary health care was developed and found that the school bus accidents were decreased when compared to the previous period. Conclusion The promotion of school bus safety and the collaboration of governments organization, school bus driver association and school bus network led to declination of traffic accidents.
The study objectives were to know incidence and risk factors of getting lung infection in patients on respiratory machine and to assess effectiveness of surveillance patients in all wards. Retrospective technique was used to look into 246 OPD cards admitted in department of medicine paediatric and surgery from August 1 to September 30, 1995. Self reporting questionnaires were used on doctors and nurses to gather problems which could occur in such patients. Group discussion with doctors and nurses was also used to assess sterilisation technique. Consequently, surveillance technique for  lung infection in patients on the machine was developed to be able to report infection rates. This study recommended the study be reported to administrators to know the problems, special surveillance be paid on risk patients for example CVA, light weighted babies, patients with head injury and lung infection outside the hospital, the guideline be strictly followed and targeted-surveillance be practiced rather than hospital-wide surveillance.
Assessment of the pilot project on service quality improvement in public hospitals with TQMQuality improvement for hospital services currently received enormous interest. In 1993, the Health Systems Research Institute, Thailand initiated the pilot project on service quality improvement in public hospitals using the total quality management (TQM) approach. The duration of the project was 2 years. Eight public hospitals in Bangkok and nearby provinces participated. Our study aims to assess and outcomes of the TQM pilot project in public hospitals by applying criteria modified from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and to determine a set of selected knowledge, attitudes and practices perceived by the top and the middle management and operating personnel in service quality management using TQM concepts. A combination descriptive study designs were conducted by a retrospective ocumantal review with two site-visit key performances interviews and a post-intervention cross-sectional survey during July 1996 and March 1997. The results revealed that the project was systematically organized in providing 2-day TQM training for senior management and middle management and in setting structures to support TQM activities in hospitals. However, participating hospitals had different levels of progress in TQM implementation; two of them were classified as having "breakthrough" progress while the other six hospitals were classified as having "incremental" progress. The following factors were identifies as contributing to the differences: the senior and middlemanagement leadership commitment and continuity, information system and analysis, strategic plans development, human       resources training in quality tools and analytic techniques and management, involvement in patient care services process which brought about visible organizational outcome and had impact on customers. In addition, hospital personnel from the two groups of hospitals had significantly different levels of opinions towards policy deployment, hospital status, knowledge on TQM, attitudes towards quality improvement, process management and hospital outcomes. The three most important factors that contributed to success or failure of TQM project in their opinions were attitude and involvement of all personnel, the senior management attitude and strong support, and training in TQM. Consequently, we suggest a new model for effective TQM implementation in public hospitals by emphasizing changing "process first", quality policy deployment, TQM training, enhancement of strategic and tactical action planning, key services process focus, and closer to both internal and external customers and also their expectations by pre-and post-intervention customer surveys.
This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to analyze the quality and the efficiency
of the Nursing Service System in the outpatient department in fiscal year 2007, using a
questionnaire comprising 10 key indicators for evaluation, as contained in the fifth section of the
standards for nursing services; the results were presented as percentages. The study showed that the
nursing practice fulfilled the criteria for eight of the indicators, failed one, and could not be
evaluated for the other.
This was a cross-sectional descriptive research study, the objectives of which were to assess  
 the mental health of persons infected with HIV and those with AIDS at Nonsaat Hospital, Nonsaat  
 District, Udon Thani Province. The data were collected from 66 persons by direct interviews  
 conducted in an area in front of the counseling room in the period January-March 2008. Thereafter,  the data were analyzed using a computer program. The statistics analyzed included frequency,  
 percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. The results showed that the persons infected  
 with HIV and the AIDS patients had a 62.1 percent lower level of mental health than the general  
 population. When considered by dimension, the study showed that, at the first dimension, HIV/ 
 AIDS patients had a mental capacity 74.2 percent lower than the average person; the second  
 dimension, 66.7 percent lower; at the third dimension, for the persons infected with HIV and the  
 AIDS patients, the percentages were 34.8 and 36.4 respectively; and at the fourth dimension, the  
 percentage was 47. The study suggested that, besides promoting preventive measures and fostering  
 good mental health among this group, physicians need to provide serious and continuous help for  
 such patients.
The propose of this study was to evaluate technical efficiency of twenty community  
 hospitals in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. The number of patients and the resources provided by  
 Khon Kaen Provincial Public Health Office since 2005 were analyzed using the data envelopment  
 analysis (DEA) method. The study revealed that, four medium-sized community hospitals (30-60  
 beds), located in areas populated with more than 60,000 inhabitants, were highly efficient, while  
 those of the small-sized community hospitals exhibited very low efficiency indices. It noted  
 that the patient/resource ratios among the efficient hospitals were significantly higher than those of  
 the inefficient hospitals, suggesting that they ware efficient in using the resource provided.
This cross-sectional research consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative study. The study
was aimed at determining the factors influencing teenage pregnancy/giving birth. In the quantitative
part, 31 samples, who had given birth in Wangpong Hospital between October 1, 2006 and September 30, 2007, were selected and interviewed by using a questionnaire. In the qualitative part,
the participants were purposively selected and interviewed by using an interview guide until data
saturation had been achieved; there were eight subjects in this study. Quantitative data were
analyzed by using descriptive statistics, namely percentage, mean and standard deviation, and
qualitative data were analyzed by the process of summative analysis.
The study results showed that the majority of pregnancies were females 18 years old,
whose husbands were 22 years old. Most of them studied to the junior high school level. They were
farmers with low income. The age of first pregnancy was between 12 and 17 years and included
both wanted and unwanted pregnancies. The complications of pregnancy included preterm labor,
eclampsia, low birth weight and dystocia. The causes of the child being unwanted by the parents
were lack of knowledge of sexuality, birth control and family planning. The pregnancies that were
wanted reflected different problems, such as economic problems, and those related to family support
and the environment. Suggestions given by the pregnant teenagers were (1) be strong minded and
donût take it easy, (2) obtain a higher education before becoming pregnant, and (3) practice birth
control if one is at risk of pregnancy. These findings suggested that hospital or health services
should be offering antepartum care for pregnant teenagers in order to provide knowledge about
family planning and effective care of a pregnancy. Moreover, hospitals should also coordinate with
high schools in giving classes on sex education and family planning.
The purpose of this retrospective descriptive study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the
Diabetes Clinic at Buengkan Hospital in reducing renal complications. The medical records of
patients from May 2006 to May 2008 were reviewed and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was
calculated by MDRD equation. The study materials included 916 patients (females 75%) out of a total of 1,970 diabetes
patients. The patients with increased GFR accounted for 63.3 percent of the total (average GFR
before the project was 55.5 ml/minute, and after project it was 60.9 ml/min); statistical significance
was determined by paired t-test (p=0.001). Staging of chronic kidney disease was reduced to the early
stage. It was concluded that the Diabetes Clinic at Buengkan Hospital had enhanced the condition of
diabetic patients by increasing their GFR and reducing chronic kidney disease to the early stage.
This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and the
side effects of the three-drug antiretroviral tablet (GPOvir), containing nevirapine, stavudine and
lamivudine, in the treatment of naïve HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+cell levels. The
study subjects comprised HIV-naive patients 15 years old and older who received GPOvir for more
than one year at Thabo Crown Prince Hospital, Nongkhai Province, in the period from February
2004 to September 2007. CD4+cells were counted and the side effects observed after one year of
treatment. The results revealed severe drug side effects in 33.90 percent of the patients: hepatitis in
15.24 percent, and extensive rashes in 6.78 percent; the responses of CD4+ cells from the initial
counts of less than 50, 50-100 and 101-200 cells/mm3 were statistically significant after 6-24
months of treatment. The study concluded that GPOvir was effective in the treatment of
HIV-infected patients even though the level of side effects was high in one-third of the patients.
This action research study was aimed at developing a model for the promotion of exercise
behavior in 196 type-2 diabetic patients who were residing in a community of Bang Kor Laem
District, Bangkok. The study population comprised 43 men and 153 women, whose average age was
58.4 ± 9.2 years. The researchers studied the exercise behavior and related data, and measured the
patientsû anthropometry, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and lipid profiles. In this action
research for exercise behavior modification, the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) was employed, and it
yielded successful results; however, when the çFour-step Model for Achievement of Exercise
Behavior Modificationé was applied, it was found that 168 of 189 diabetic patients (equal to 88.9%
of the total) had improved exercise behavior. When comparing the result of blood chemical
concentrations checked before and after the study, it was found that the level of hemoglobin A1c
decreased, with the statistical significance being p = 0.00; however, other factors showed no
statistically significant changes. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that, after
developing the model for promotion of exercise behavior in type-2 diabetic patients through the
application of the TTM, as well as designing the proper exercise prescription for diabetic patients,
the exercise behavior of the majority of diabetic patients in this program had been successfully
modified.
This research was conducted from October 2005 to September 2007 with the aim of
developing a counseling system and determining the efficiency of HIV counseling in preventing the
maternal transmission of HIV at the antenatal care unit in Pong District, Phayao Province. The first
step was undertaken in 2004, namely a situation analysis and result evaluation for planning. The
second step in 2005 developed the couple HIV counseling system, promoted project and personnel
preparation, and tried a one-stop health center approach. The third step in 2006 implemented
the system, while the fourth step in 2007 adjusted and further developed it. The device for
collecting data was evaluated, i.e. an awareness form for HIV counseling and gathering general data
for that purpose in the antenatal care unit. Analysis was by mean, percentage and standard
deviation. The result of the study showed that after counseling the mean awareness of the couples
was higher than before counseling and that success had been achieved in developing the couple
HIV counseling system in the health center of Pong District. Coverage was more 100 percent of
health centers and more than 80 percent of all such couples in 2007 in the antenatal unit; now all
health centers have a couple HIV counseling system. There was no instance of one mate infecting
another and in more than 80 percent of the pregnancies of an HIV-infected mother there was no
transmission of the virus to the child.
This case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors for obesity in preschool  
  children in Jaehom District, Lampang Province. The subjects comprised 108 obese and 108 non- 
  obese children, aged 0-6 years. Information on the childrenûs weight, height and activities,  
  consumption style and family background was collected by the study team from the childrenûs  
  parents. The findings on the following risk factors were all statistically significant (P< 0.05): a body  
  mass index >23 kg/m
2
 of the childrenûs fathers, their own birth weight being >3.5 kg, their food  
  intake exceeding  three meals a day, their habit of taking food before going to bed, consuming  
  large amounts of food per day, being fond of fried and fatty food, and parents having an attitude  
  favoring a chubby-looking child. These findings suggest the need to improve consumption behavior  
  as part of the intervention program to prevent childhood obesity.