plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition and dental problems in children have been identified as important
problems in Thailand.  Several studies and research activities have been undertaken in
order to identify solutions, but the problems still exist.  The Chiang-Klang Hospital Health
Team conducted a study by involving the community to become concerned about their
problems and become a part of the committee to solve problems themselves.  Namkha
village in Phayakaew sub-district of Chiang-Klang was selected to be a community model.
A quality measurement study was conducted as PAR (Participatory Action Research).
The study was conducted between June 2002 and December 2003.  Seven malnourished
children (15.22% of the total) were identifinal at the start (June 2002).  No children (0%)
were seen with malnutrition after six months.  The study team followed up the result for
one year and found that there were no cases of malnutrition.  Dental health was significantly improved in both the nursery center and primary school. This study has shown
that the communityûs health problems had been completely solved because of the cooperation of the community itself, which had been involved in all the relevent steps: problem investigation, finding a solution and following up on the health-care procedures
adopted by the team.
The problem of substance addiction in communities is still a serious and increasing
social problem.  It has a great impact on families, communities, society and the country.
Inefficient means for prevention and control of this problem will shortly lead to substan-tial social complications in communities. Therefore, the participation of the community
in coping with widespread substance addiction is crucial.
The objectives of this participatory action research study were to explore the situation of addictive substance abuse and develop a model for prevention and control by
emphasizing community involvement.  One hundred and fifty villagers, who were community leaders, health volunteers, guardians, and youths living in villages 5, 9, and 11 of
Patan, Khuntan district, Chiang Rai Province, participated in the research activities. The
researchers and the community groups analyzed problems and determined solutions by
using the AIC-technique.  They collected information by using the participatory observation method and focus group discussion technique. The study was conducted between
October 2001 and February 2002.
The result of the study revealed that there were 40 drug users in these villages. The
sources of substance distribution were identified in all three villages. Community regulations for the prevention and control of addictive substance abuse were established through
village consultative meetings. After the regulations were implemented continuously, the
scale of substance addiction became dramatically more limited in these three villages.
Local organizations played a very important role in minimizing these social problems.
However, community participation needs to be strengthened and continued in order to
sustain the success of substance control in these villages.
The study took a phenomenological approach to qualitative research, aimed at
studying disaster management following the destructive flooding and landslides in Lablae
district of Uttaradit Privince, and the development planning for disaster relief conducted
by the Lablae Public Health Team.  Specific data were collected from 69 persons who
experienced the disaster, members of the rescue team and persons on whom the flooding
and landslides in Lablae district had an impact, 32 persons from an in-depth interview
and 47 persons from a focus group discussion as well as participants and non-participants, observers during the disaster, development of a disaster scenario for disaster relief
by the Lablae Public Health Team based on 90 participants, and analysis by data triangulation, using the Excel software program for category and data content analysis.
We was found that the flooding and landslide disaster that occurred during the
period May 22-24, 2006 adversely impacted the people of Lablae, Mange, and Thapla
districts and the surrounding province.  Most people in Lablae suffered severe effects on
their lives and property. Many houses in the area of heavy flooding and landslides were
destroyed.  Electricity, communication and transport systems were cuts making evaluation of the affected area impossible.  The rescues were made only during the first stage;
they were delayed and not comprehensive.  Also, the disaster relief plan of every office
involved was ineffective.  The emergency team was unable to operate during the crisis.
The primary response was only to provide a safe area for the surveyed patients and medical
supplies.  After the incident, although many organizations and volunteers rushed to the
area, they could not implement the relief plan, which resulted in incomplete data collection and the inefficient provision of security welfare.
The relief disaster plan of the health team must be operated in coordination with
public health and other relevant offices at all times: before, during and after such incidents, both at the district and provincial levels.   The defined roles of the command post
and volunteers during the incident, together with the development of an emergency medical system, care-giving, epidemic prevention, psychotherapy, the readiness of the rescue
team, data on risky areas, rehearsal of integrated relief plans in all areas at risk of natural
disasters, and relief networks as well as the coordinating system and data collection must
be seriously considered before such incidents occur.
The incidence of mental health problems among patients who visited Langu Hospital Out-patient Department increased from 3,330 and 3,539 to 4,625 cases per 100,000 populations in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.  The incidence of cases that committed suicide
in 2006 was 7.57 cases per 100,000 population, which was much higher than the rate for
Thailand as a whole. The objectives of this study were to survey mental health status  and to determine depression and suicidal attempts among the population 15-59-yearsold who lived in the period May to June 2007 in Langu District, Satun Province,
Thailand.  This  was a descriptive cross-sectional study and survey that used the Thai
General Health Questionaire-12 in the first step; it was then followed by the DepressionScreening, Suicidal Attempt and/or Psychotic-screening Test, all of which were established by the Mental Health Department, Ministry of Public Health.  There were 22,093
samples; the male to female ratio was 1:1.2.  Mental health status was divided into three
groups: normal, high risk and the mental heath problem group.  The mental health problem group was 0.23 percent, equally male and female.  The highest percentage were in
the 35-44-year-old age group (34%), in the married group (48%) and in the  insufficientincome group (42%).  Mental health problems were psychosis disorder (0.12%), paranoid
schizophrenia (0.04%), schizophrenia (0.07%), mania (0.01%), bipolar disorder (0.02%),
psychosis due to multiple drug dependence (0.04%), GAD (0.09%), agoraphobia (0.01%),
and panic (0.01%).  There were 20 cases of depression (0.09%) and no attempted suicide
case.  Furthermore, this study showed that we should launch preventive interventions in
each mental health status group and collaborate with families, community leaders, village health volunteers, the local authority and NGOs
The objectives of this mixed method study were to investigate the incidence, patterns and risk factors related to abused and neglected children aged 0-18 years in the
catchment area of Nam Phong Hospital, Nam Phong district, Khon Kaen Province. Of the
13 villages, in the area, four were randomly selected.  Five hundred and thirty-one children participated. Data were collected during the period from September 1, 2005 to June
30, 2007 by well-trained research assistants, using questionnaires for children and parents or child- caregivers. They were living in the village in order to conduct surveillance
and report the incidence of abuse and neglect as well as risk behaviors. In that connection, the identified cases, parents or child-caregivers, neighbors and village leaders were
interviewed indepth and observed by the researchers.  Quantitative data were described
as percentages and means. Content analysis was employed for analyzing the qualitative
data.
The results showed that abused and neglected children amounted to 30.3 percent of
the total. The majority were physically abused (42.2%) followed by those mentally abused
(41.6 %). It was reported that 12.5 percent were neglected and 3.7 percent sexually abused.
Children were subjected mainly to multi-forms of abuse (57.1 percent).  In all, 44.7 percent of the cases of abuse were found in children aged 5-12-years.  Regarding the risk
behaviors, 32.7 percent were gambling and illicit drug use; followed by irregularities in
emotion, function and expression, 26.4 percent; social interaction, 21.5 percent; and sexuality, 19.6 percent.  The risk factors and condition of the parents related to child abuse and
neglect included the following:  1) drinking and gambling, 2) middle and low economic
status, and 3) poor family relationships (with domestic violence) in addition to parents
sparing only limited time for their children.  Risk factors related directly to the children
were overindulgence in social life compared with other responsibilities.
A quasi-experimental research study was carried out in the period from January to
June 2007 in order to study the development of a care system for diabetes mellitus patients with regard to self-care behaviors and blood sugar level (HbA1
c) control in type II diabetes mellitus patients.  The patients  were divided into two study groups comparing
50 patients each.  The experimental group included patients who lived in Banphue subdistrict (catchment area of Banphue Hospital).  The control group constituted those living
in the other subdistrict. The information was collected by interview on self-care behaviors and blood sugar level (HbA1
c) determination. Data were analyzed by the SPSS program using frequency expressed by percentage, means and standard deviation, and by ttest and paired t-test for the differential test.  The statistical significance was at 0.05 and
lower.
The development of the system was divided into two sections: 1. caring at the hospital, such as a one-stop service, self-help group, individual counselling for the patients
and their families, diabetes mellitus society setting, diabetes mellitus camping, and empowerment to the diabetes mellitus care network by a multidisciplinary health team;  and
2. caring in the community in the form of home visits by a multidisciplinary health team.
The study revealed that the development of the diabetes mellitus patients care system affected statistical significance at the level of 0.05, both on better self-care behaviors
and blood sugar level (HbA1
c).
It indicates that the development of a care system for diabetes mellitus patients is
necessary and very important for improving service quality and the quality of life of the
patients.  It should be extended to other primary care units in Banphue District elsewhere.
Following a flood disaster in 2006, the victims suffered both physical and mental
affliction because of the loss of their property and loved ones.  Post-disaster stress persisted in some persons.  We, therefore, conducted this study to determine what risk factors are related to the maintenance of postflood disaster stress on people in Pamoke district.  We also studied the relationship between remainder stress and socio-demographic
factors, health status and psychosocial factors. The subjects comprised 61 people who
suffered stress from a flood in 2006 in Pamok district.   General Health Questionnaire 12
Plus R (GHQ-12 Plus-R) was used for this study.  The frequency, percentage, odds ratio
(OR) and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.  The results showed that the risk
factors for post-flood disaster stress were age over 60 years and lacking income.
This action research was aimed at studying a behavior-adaptation model through a
group process for cardiovascular disease prevention. The sample population comprised
395 civil servants in Khirimat district of Sukhothai Province, who voluntarily participated in the research; they were divided into 30 sub-groups. All groups had an explicitly
defined structure and relationship, including group activities. Knowledge and support
staff were provided continuously by the hospital.  In addition, the subjects also exchanged
group experiences regarding their activities. The research was conducted during the period June 1 to October 1, 2006.  Data on the knowledge gained on health behavior and
health status improvement were collected.  The data were compared and analyzed by
using a simple statistical method, such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and
then tested for significance by using the paired t-test.
The results revealed an improvement in eating behavior among the sample population.  The questionnaire results showed that frequent or daily consumption of meat or
pork with fat decreased respectively from 12.56 percent and 2.53 percent to 5.50 percent
and 2.62 percent, frequent or daily consumption of giblets decreased respectively from
4.20 percent and 4.20 percent to 1.84 percent and 2.06 percent, that of consuming egg yolk
and egg products decreased respectively from 21.19 percent and 2.33 percent to 14.02
percent and 1.59 percent, frequent or daily consumption of vegetables increased from
8.14 percent and 1.57 percent to 39.07 percent and 36.76 percent and frequent or daily
consumption of fruits increased respectively from 41.24 percent and 21.13 percent to 37.17
percent and 28.86 percent.
At the end of the research it was found that the sample population exercised regularly.   They had increased their level of exercise from 31.3 percent to 40.7 percent, reduced their cigarette smoking from 11.65 percent to 8.6 percent.  In measuring those who
stopped consuming alcohol, the change was in the opposite direction, i.e., from 57.5 percent to 68.1 percent.  Knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors was tested for statistical significance, and the difference was found at p<0.05. Other risk factors, such as waist
circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride
levels, were reduced significantly at p<0.05.
In conclusion, the group activities undertaken as part of the research improved the
knowledge and health behavior, with regard to cardiovascular risk prevention, of Khirimat
civil servants as the sample population. We recommend that the behavior adaptation
model can be applied and developed for civil servants in other areas.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was aimed at studying the situation of occupational health and environmental surveillance in the Northern Region Industrial Estate, Lamphun Province.  There were seven small, eight medium-sized and four large factories, that were chosen by purposive sampling.  A total of 503 workers were chosen as
subjects by simple random sampling of workers in the 19 factories plus 19 administrative
staff.  The instruments used in this study were an interview form and questionnaire.
Content validity was reviewed by five experts.  Data were analyzed by using descriptive
statistics (the SPSS software program for Windows) The duration of the study was from
January to September 1999.
The findings from this study showed that all sizes of factory posed similar health
and environmental risks.  The data collection and analysis were not efficient.  In addition,
the Action Plan of Occupational Diseases was not applicable, and the data coordination
system was not appropriate for the participating organizations, although all administrative staff were ready to develop a more effective workers’ health and environmental      surveillance system.
The following are recommendations from this study:  Factories should design occupational health and environmental surveillance in line with the occupational risks and in
accordance with the factories and the participating organizations.  They should also implement continuous tracking and evaluation as well as develop an effective data-coordinating system.
This study assesses some of the lessons learned in primary care management under
the universal health-care coverage scheme in the contracting unit for primary care at PhuKradueng Hospital, which received the Golden Universal Coverage Innovation Award
(UCIA) from the National Health Security Office in 2004.  The study was conducted by
analyzing the hospital’s management in terms of structure, process and output, comparing the outcome before and after starting the universal coverage programme and comparing the outcome with that of other contracting units for primary care in the same
province.  This study showed that the contracting unit for primary care could meet service standards in manpower by motivating nurses from Phu Kradueng Hospital to work
in subdistrict health centers.  Every subdistrict health center could meet the manpower
standard in terms of quantity (health officer per population 1:1,250) and quality (every
subdistrict health center operated with more than one nurse).  Although the manpower
levels were lower than the mean for the whole country, Phu Kradueng Hospital could
still provide health services with a customer-focus policy, extending service times in both
the hospital and subdistric health centers.  Among its innovations were those related to
the distribution of resources, recruiting manpower as in the private sector, paying staff
according to a performance-based budgeting system, and dividing family health status
into four levels, which enabled health officers to plan in a systematic maneuver to provide efficient health care.  This study concluded that a small rural health service unit
could provide standard services while reducing indirect and direct household costs, if
the health organization had a common goal, modified private management and managed human resources efficiently
This was a descriptive research study, the purposes of which were to study the nature of participation of village health volunteers (VHVs) in all the community primary
health care center (CPHCC) activities and to investigate the relationships between the
supporting factors and the participation of VHVs in Ban Maung district of Sakhon Nakhon
Province.
The samples comprised 104 VHVs who were selected by the multistage random
sampling method.  The subjects were interviewed, using the following instruments for
gathering data:  1) the general characteristics of VHVs,  2) supporting factors,  and 3) the
participation of VHVs. Reliability of the supporting factors and the participation of VHVs
were tested by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; reliability was 0.92 for supporting factors,
and 0.78 for the participation of VHVs. The statistical procedures employed were frequency distribution and percentage; the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,
while the relationship between the independent and dependent variables was carried out
using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Then t-test was done to test for
statistical significance. The open-ended and independent questionnaires were analyzed
by content analysis.
The findings were as follows:
On average, the VHVs participated moderately in CPHCC activities.  In terms of
assessment of needs and planning,  the VHVs participated in the meeting and were more
likely to comply with the  policy and planning.  Participation in implementation, organization and resource mobilization. The VHVs were most likely to participate in the following
activities: nutritional surveillance, disease preventation, immunization, maternal and child
health promotion, and family planning.  However, they were less likely to participate in
health promotion activities.  The VHVs and their  families tended to claim the right to free
treatment and medication. Participation in evaluation.  Most of the VHVs shared their experiences in problem-solving to improve their work. This study was supported by public
health officials, and villagers; support facilitating the activities was highly  correlated
with the participation of VHVs (r = 0.597,0.309 and 0.338  p < 0.01)
The findings of this study led to the recommendation that public heath officials
should set forth a plan to educate the villagers and VHVs to understand fully the concepts that underline the establishment of CPHCC, revolving funds and mobilizing resources, including the management of the organization.  In-service training should also
be promoted and incentives should be provided.  In addition, the area of evaluation should
be considered to enable the VHVs to properly implement their activities.
This research was aimed at studying the health status and risk behavior of workers
in factories in Chakkarat district, Nakhon Ratchasima Province in the period March-May
2007. The methodology involved data a collection form; secondary data, questionnaire
and risk-screening data. The results showed that there were 8 factories with 2,274
workers; data were collected on 2,227 of them, or 97.9 percent of the total. These factories
produce clothing, underwear and shoes. Most of the workers were women (74 percent),
aged between 25 and 29 years; most were married and had a primary level education.
Seamstress accounted for 68.5 percent of the total. Those who sat working totaled 77.3
percent. The top-five out-patient cases were respiratory tract infection, dyspepsia, myalgia,
headache and oral disease, in that order. With regard to accidents in workplace, it
was found that the most were needle accidents. Annual health examination data found
that only two patients had lung problems; eyes problems accounted for 21.6 percent of
the total. The patients with presbyopia problems comprised 8.0 percent of the total, but
there were no hearing problems. The result of risk screening found that 20.8 percent of
the workers’ parents had diabetes and high blood pressure; 6.8 percent of their brothers
and sisters has these health conditions, while only 1.8 percent of the workers themselves
did so, and additional new cases accounted for 0.9 percent, a total of 2.7 percent. The
workers who had diabetes and hypertension were following doctors’ supervision. As for
the behavior of workers, 10.6 percent smoked, 21.8 percent drank alcohol; 12.4 percent of
the workers usually exercised. With regard to eating behavior, it was found that most of
the workers consumed sweet, more salty and fatty food. As for driving/riding behavior,
it was found that most workers wore helmets and safety belts (75.6%). Unsafe sexual
behavior was practiced by some workers. The shape of body (waist/hip) exceeded the
standard for 26.54 percent of the subjects. The body mass index (BMI) exceeded the standard
in 43.7 percent of the workers. Health care for all the workers should be the responsibility
of the related organization; health promotion activities including solving problems,
should be carried out by each factory with appropriate conditions.