plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
Improvement  the continuity of hospital to home-based rehabilitation for stroke patients at Sappasittiprasong HospitalBackground and PurposeStroke management is aimed at facilitating functional independence and community reintegration. Therefore, It would be logical that the sooner the patient can be returned home following stroke, the sooner the reintegration process can commence. The purpose of this study was to improve the continuity of hospital to home-based rehabilitation for stroke patients.MethodsAction research  devised to 3 phases. This study was Phase 1 what showed situation analysis to identify problem. Prospective study  collected data of patients and patients’ family who referred to Physical Therapy Department at Sappasitthiprasong Hospital. The data was collected by interview, indepth-interview,  observation and focus group.  The main outcome measure was Barthel Index (BI) for assessment activities daily living (ADL).ResultsThe problems were identify to problem of co-ordination in interdisciplinary team,   problem of home visit service from home health care system, problem in lack of authority and  problem of patients and caregiver.  The most of patients were in rural area.  There were 8 subjects who came to follow up from 20 subjects. Barthel Index score showed improvement when comparison of hospitalization period and 3 months followed up period (4.8, 12.2, respectively).Conclusion The continuity of rehabilitation system could improvement by the patient’s family member or other caregiver participated in rehabilitation from beginning and improved the co-ordination in interdisciplinary team.
A study of group process in diabetic This study is an application of action research to improve diabetic outpatient service at Plapak Hospital, Nakhonpanom Province.	The existing service was run through general outpatient service every Wednesday 8 -12 am.  The regular services for diabetic patients included; weighing, blood pressure taking, fasting blood sugar testing, and seeing a physician for medication. While waiting for seeing physician,  group health education was conducted by health personnel. 	In situation analysis, The first step of conducting action research, limitations of the existing service were defined. Firstly, it took times since patients had to do many stops, this might cause them hypoglycemia. Secondly, health education as such was not  applicable for patients’ problems.	The second stage, 17 insulin-independent diabetic patients were purposively selected to join as research  participants. Group discussion technique was introduced to encourage patients’ participation to share their problems as well as ways to solve such problems.	The following stage was evaluation. Results from research participants were the feedback of the new service system developed. The service system was rearranged as following: diebetic clinic was seperatety set up from general outpatient clinic; the service was run in every Wednesday and Friday morning; and patient-driven health education which based on self-help group concept was used.  The scores of fasting blood sugar, body weight as well as self-care practice on dietary control, pesonal hygiene and foot care, exercise, medication and help-seeking behavior before and after new service system intervention were found statistical  significant at 0.05 level by paired-T-test. Patients’ satisfaction in terms of  having a say and being recognition were much higher.	Consequently, patient were aware that it was their responsibility in living with diabetes. This enabled them to arrange their own self-help group at their villages. The outcome of this  research also provided the lessons for health personnel. They changed their way of viewing patients, listened to them more and worked with them as equal partners.
Criteria, Guidelines, and evaluating tools for the promotion and transfer of public health civil servants (Administrative personnel level 8-10 and technical personnel level 9-10)The recommendations propose strategies for personnel  assessment based upon the meri system whereby the scope of application will be limeted only to administrative personnel level 8-10 and technical personnel level 9-10. The proposed  merit system encompasses 4 components as follows : 1.criteria, qualifications and career ladder ; 2.procedure of assessment ; 3.responsible agency for evaluation ; and 4.assessment tools. The first three components could be readily put into action  while the last one or the assessment tools suggest experimental  models which could be further developed in detail for future  application. The salient feature of the recommendations could  be summarized as follows : 1.criteria for assessment and career ladder are clearly designated to spell out the basic qualifications of the personnel to be assessed and steps of professional growth 2.open opportunity for concerned personnel to submit their work history and future plan propused to implement in the desired position, including open opportunity to apply for recruitment in the desired position. 	3.existence of an agency to screen essential information and data before submitting to policy makers for consideration through the 3 essential steps : step 1 : the evaluation committee considers the evaluation forms and grades them on a regular basis ; step 2 : the searching committee screen out unqualified  personnel, evaluate the applicants and makes recommendations for futher      consideration ; step 3 : the selection committee proposed the short list of appropriate applicants to be considered by the responsible policy makers. The Permanent Secretary and Director General will take part in the selection process as well as designate policy for the three  foresaid committees. 	The overall recommendation were made under close cooperation of high level administrators, expens and  technicians concerned and they were proposed for open critique and comment by health personnel level 8-10 who will be directly affected by this undertaking in a consultative meeting before final submission. This paper is in short the recommendations for establishing a sound merit system in personnel administration which proposed detailed guiding principles for implementing the system in its early stage. It is noteworthy that the establishment of the merit system requires continuing endeavours in organizational development, interdepartmental cooperation, development of tools and database for personnel assessment which, in the long run, could be evolved into an effective Personnel Assessment Centre.
Research Title	Institutional preparation and capacity building for 	Thailand’s adoption of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 	ProjectResearcher 	Suthawan Sathirathai, et al.Funding	Health Systems Research InstituteYear	2004AbstractThe objective of the research report entitled “Institutional Preparation and Capacity Building for Thailand’s Adoption of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project” is to present Thailand’s strategy for implementing the CDM project especially in the field of laws and regulations. This will be used as the main database for negotiations and a basis for decision-making concerning the selection of the projects for the benefit of the people and country. To carry out the study, the researchers organized fora for the exchange of views and knowledge on CDMs both in the public and private sectors. Other research methods used consist of the review and analysis of related laws as well as the collection of data on CDMs in industrialized countries.  	The outcome of the study shows that the implementation of CDM has enabled Thailand, which enjoys great potential for attracting foreign investments, to increase her capability of achieving sustainable development in line with the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. Two main issues to be considered are, firstly, the fact that Thailand may have legally-binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the future; secondly, the country may also lose other opportunities, should it expedite the implementation of CDM without careful consideration. It is therefore imperative to establish a basic guideline relating to the selection criteria for CDM projects to ensure that there are sound modalities and procedures as well as clear rules on the rights to issue Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) as far as national entities and CDM project owners are concerned. Besides, these rules should enhance the reliability and transparency of the CDM implementation process as well as provide the CDM process with institutional mechanisms to check the performance of related agencies and organizations.
A Community Survey of Musculoskeletal Pain and  Management In Namphong District, Khon Kaen ProvinceObjective: Studying of incidence and cause of muscleskeletal pain and epidermiologic of Ya-chud in Namphong district, Khon Kaen Province.Study design: Descriptive survey studyLocation of study: Rural community in Namphong district, Khon Kaen Province.Sample Population:Distributor of Ya-chud  in 12 villages  of  Namphong  district  which  simple random sampling amount 86 distributors.Population  in Namphong  district,who age over 15 years-old,lived in the villages amount 685 persons which clustur random sampling.Methadology:Surrogate  survey and open survey on distributors in the villages. Analyted component of  Ya-chud and compared  between two-way.Interviewed sample population in musculoskeletal pain and self-care,then examination in sample who had musculoskeletal pain recently on 7 days before interviews to diagnosis caused of musculoskeletal pain by American Rheumatism Association.Result: Groseries in rural villages had Ya-chud and surrogate survey had directed sale Ya-chud amount 18. Total Ya-chud which surveyed have 51 types. Analytical component in each type,10% had corticosteroid only,16%  had NSAIDs only,71% have corticosteroid plus NSAIDs. Corticosteroid  had dexamethasone since 1 to 3  tablets in each set. Almost NSAIDs had indomethacine and/or phenylbutazone. 74% of population used to musculoskeletal pain; 43% had pain recently 7 days before interviewed. Cause  of musculoskeletal pain refered from work.Examination in patient who had pain recently amount 264;54% is LBP, 25%  is soft- tissue rheumatism,17% is myofacial pain syndrome,17% is peripheral osteotitis,prolong  treatment is 9%. Caused of LBP from back  muscle  strian and L-spondylosisInterviewed on population who had musculoskeletal pain 508 and 58%  used to use Ya-chud for pain  when they had pain syndrome; 12.5%  used to use Ya-chud and ¼ used every day. 95% of population had known side effect from health worker and advertising ,68% used to treatment when they had pain syndrome and 33% choose to used Ya-chud because of convenient and low price. Impact of decision to treated from experience and household.Excepted Ya-chud  they had massage and hot compress.Health facility has popular too; 6.7% choose to go to health center because nearly house.Conclusion and dissicustion :Ya-chud had dangerous component and community problem ;they had distributed in general of rural community of Thailand. Population bought freedom from groserlies, although they  known side effect from Ya-chud. Musculoskeletal had refered from work and short-course therapy. Chronic rheumatism disease which prolong treatement had few in community. When they had pain symtom,they choose to low cost treatment, comfortable and related daily life. Solved of Ya-chud is present convenience treatment , low price ad effectiveness, such as massage, compress  and develop health worker of health center to treat simple musculoskeletal diseases in community.
Drug price comparison between Thailand and the United StatesThe price differential of drugs, calculated by item, group and purchasing power parity (PPP), was conducted to compare drug price between Thailand and the U.S. The 209    samples accounted for 34.9 percent of the total import, or 12.9 percent of the total import and manufactured. The comparison by item showed that 17 drugs in Thailand were more  expensive than in the U.S. The total import of the 17 items was 17,491,517 US dollars. Of these drugs, four of them were AIDS/virus drugs and five were antibiotics. The comparison analysis by therapeutic group showed that AIDS/virus group were priced 6percent higher in Thailand than in the U.S. where ones of antihypertensive drugs, phychotropic drugs, anticancer agents, miscellaneous group, cardiac drugs, antibiotics, vasodilating agents and antiinflammatory agents were(percent) 18.7,  24.3, 28.1,  45.0,  49.2,  47.5,  73.1 and  73.6  differences respectively.   Comparison by registration type demonstrated higher price of the new drugs over the old drugs category with percentage of differences at(percent) 20.0 and 44.4 lower in Thailand than in the U.S.  Comparison by dosage for did not show significant differences among groups of injection, tablet and capsule; and other form which were 38.0,  37.4 and  34.4  lower in Thailand than in the U.S. respectively. Comparison by using the 1995 PPP (Thai PPP=28 and U.S. PPP=100) indicated that most imported drug were charged more in Thailand than in the U.S. expect antiinflammatory drugs and vasodilating agents.
Surgical Blood Use in Sappasittiprasong Hospital with Application to the Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule	This study was descriptive study that collected data of surgical experience of Sappasittiprasong hospital in anesthetic and admission record retrospectively and analyzed each surgical procedure by transfusion indices [Crossmatch percentage, transfusion percentage and Crossmatch transfusion ratio (CT ratio)] 	In 1997 , 6,757 anesthetic procedures were done but we could collect data of 4,693 elective surgical patients from anesthetic and admission records (69.4%) and classified 106 surgical procedures into 4 groups. 	The operation with crossmatch percentage and transfusion percentage greater than 30 was categorized in group 1.  There were 25 surgical procedures in this group. The operation with crossmatch percentage greater than 30 but transfusion percentage less than 30 was categorized in group 2. There were 31 surgical procedures in this group. The operation with crossmatch percentage less than 30 but transfusion percentage greater than 30 was categorized in group 3. There were 6 surgical procedures in this group.  The other operation with crossmatch percentage and transfusion percentage less than 30 was categorized in group 4. There were 44 surgical procedures in this group.  All  4 groups had CT ratio 2.57 : 1 , 8.95 : 1 , 1.82 : 1  and 10.73 : 1 respectively.Group 1 was high risk group of transfusion so we set number of blood unit for each procedure in “MSBOS”.Group  2 and  4 were low risk group of transfusion so “Type & Screen” should be appropriate for   these procedures.In group 3 , the transfusion  indeces showed that preoperative crossmatch of these procedures had been appropriated
The guidelines and legal measures relating to the older persons welfare in Thailand  	This research aims to study the legal measures of older persons and found that : the right of older persons has been recommended by the International Law on Human rights as a fundamental right enacted in the Universal Declaration on Human rights by which every state has to follow. The United Nations International Action Plan on the Older Persons has been set up to improve their life and begin clearer when the United Nations declare the International Year of Older Persons in 1999 and recognize the right and policy to respect older persons equally.
The child-center’s system, mechanism, effectiveness and efficiency for both public and private.	This research aimed to study the child-center’s system, mechanism, effectiveness and efficiency for both public and private.	The research process included a survey of 149 child centers in 6 provinces, namely, Bangkok, Chiengmai, Songkhla, Khonkhaen, Chonburi, and Loburi. The questionnaire was constructed and sent to  776  teachers and teacher-assistants and 2,073 parents. The questions focused on the system, mechanism, effectiveness and efficiency of the centers. The survey results indicated the indept-interview of selected centers. Thus only 19 child-centers of 2 provinces namely, Bangkok and Loburi were chosen due to the complete information and cooperation.	The indept-interview of 19 child-center’s administrators, 195 teachers and teacher-assistants and 842 parents were done. The results showed that:only 9 out of 19 selected centers were considered to have good system, mechanism and more effective.more private child-centers tended to have better system, mechanism and effectiveness than those of public ones (6 out of 9 private centers versus 3 out of 10 public centers)more public child-centers tend to have more efficiency than those of private ones.
The National Health Security Law of B.E. 2545, in Chapter 1 stated that the right to receive public health service is assured and in section 5 the people’s right are indicated to receive an efficient public health service of high quality. In section 6 it is stated that people, who intend to use their rights according section 5, must submit an application for registration to the unit or office, which they want to choose for their regular health service: The unit they want to choose had been identified by the National Health Security Office. Those who are registered must comply with regulation procedures and conditions defined by the Local Health Committee. Convenience and needs of individual’s will be considered. It is obvious that the Act intends to open an opportunity for people to make use of their rights for universal health care coverage and that they can choose where to receive regular health services according to their needs and convenience. But there is still the opportunity of the Committee as well as the respective unit to define by themselves proper criteria and condition which health service unit should be chosen based on the convenience and needs of a given individual. The Ministry of Public Health and the National Health Security Office decided to conduct a pilot project which did allow people to make use of the right within the universal health care coverage scheme, also named 30-baht scheme (golden card), to choose their regular health care unit by themselves on a voluntary basis. The project was conducted in the provinces Prae, Saraburi, Surin, Songkla and the Pravej district of Bangkok Metropolitan. The corresponding offices in each province issued a regulation in October 2545 by defining the period of 2-3 months while the people could contact the offices in case they want to change the main or sub-main health service unit they previously had been allocated to, to select another one according to their needs. At the start of the project people were allowed to use the services at the defined health service unit since late 2545 up to present. This study project was divided into 4 sub-projects for the purpose of monitoring and evaluating. The main results and significant findings are summarized and concluded in this report. Recommendations are made for policy formulation and project management. The model tested, in which the people could choose the health service units according to their needs will provide guidelines for consideration of the National Health Security Office and related units or organizations at local level. 1. The needs of people to change the health service unit 2. Model for choosing the health service unit on a voluntary basis Main health service unit3. Project management of the rights of people to choose health service units on a voluntary basis Project management
Informal Working Conditions and Health Problem:A Case Study of Industrial Home-Based Work At present, most of informal jobs employed in Thailand are mainly in the group of manufacturing industries.  The majority of these informal jobs are putting-out system, i.e., the subcontraction some parts of the manufacturing work to private homes.  As a consequence, the health of the workers in these home-based industrial work is at risk.  The case study of these informal jobs are bronze work, seed-making, fishing-net, hand-weaving, garment and gem-cutting	The result of studies found that the manufacturing process of these industrial works cause the health hazard to the workers and their family members as well as some environmental damage of their communities.  The level of health risk ranging from the highest are the following: bronze work, seed-making, fishing-net, hand-weaving, garment and gem-cutting.  In regard to the health problem, most of the workers’ illness are believed to be due to the working condition.  Most significantly, the result from the diagnosis of some doctors reveals that these industrial work are dangerous to the workers’ health and are the main cause of the illness of their family workers.	Aside from the health problem, another interesting point is that these home-based industrial workers have to invest on their own capital expenditure but earn lower wage than the minimum wage rate.  They have to face the health problem without the responsibility of their employers.  Therefore, the best solution in to set up a health insurance system for these informal home workers.  The system which is run by the community organization.  Their employers and the government have to share the responsibility.
Objectives: To develop and institute a methodology for the study of anesthesia related adverse outcome in 20 hospitals in Thailand: 7 university hospitals, 5 tertiary hospitals, 4 general hospitals and 4 district hospitals.Methods: The Thai Anesthesia Incident Study (TAIS) was prospectively conducted by collecting data of all consecutive anesthetics in preplanned structured data entry form (form 1). The database including patients demographics, anesthetic, surgical factors and anesthesia related adverse anesthetic records and hospital charts and interview attending anesthesia personnel. Data were collected and entered by double entry technique and analysis of outcomes determined for preoperative intraoperative and 24 hours postoperative periods.Results: The 86265 patients were take care by anesthesia personnel. The mean (S.D.)age, weight and height of the patients were 38.5 (21.4) years, 53.2 (18.4) kg. And 146.6 (38.5) cm. In this study 87.5 % of patients were classified as ASA physical status 1 or 2 and 31.2 % were in emergency setting. The six most common choices of anesthesia were general anesthesia (61%), spinal anesthesia (23.3%), total intravenous anesthesia (5.5%), monitor anesthesia care (3.4%), brachial plexus block (2.9%) and epidural anesthesia (1.2%) respectively etc. There were 53 cases (0.1%) of cardiac arrest and 17 cases (0.02%) death within 24 hours due to all etiologies. The common respiratory adverse events were desaturation 123 cases (0.1%), difficult intubation 83 cases (0.1%), reintubation 26 cases (0.03%) and esophageal intubation 19 cases (0.02%). Other important adverse events were coma/CVA/convulsion 9 cases, myocardial ischemia or infarction 8 cases, anaphylactoid or anaphylaxis 9 cases. The systemic events were 10 cases of drug error, 18 cases of equipment malfunction or failure, 5 cases of anesthesia personnel hazard, 6 cases of unplanned hospital admission and 27 cases of unplanned ICU admission.Conclusion: This was first large anesthesia epidemiological data which can be implied to anesthesia practice in Thailand. The rates of cardiac arrest and death within 24 hours due to allKey words: anesthesia, complication, adverse events. Cardiac arrest, death