plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
The Government Procurement and Supplies Management Act B.E. 2560 (2017) was published in the Royal Thai Government Gazette and has become active with government organizations since August 2017. The act allows the purchase of drugs and medical supplies to consider the price and other attributes of performance in decision-making. There has been a development of other price performance by applying multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) or price performance-MCDA criteria. The objective of this study was to assess the practical feasibility, problems and constraints in introducing the price performance-MCDA criteria in the practical work process. This study was a research and development. The sample group was eight pilot hospitals. Purposive sampling was performed by selecting the hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health (Office of the Permanent Secretary and Department of Medical Services), the Ministry of Defense, and the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. Researchers then organized a meeting to inform the participants about the price performance-MCDA criteria. The participants selected three sample drugs from the list of study drug groups. The results showed that 1 hospital was excluded because non-readiness to apply the criteria, and 7 hospitals exercised price performance-MCDA to evaluate drugs but not used in the purchasing process. Some hospitals adjusted the price and performance ratio for scoring and some did not adjust. Comparing the evaluation results by the price performance-MCDA criteria to current hospital criteria in 4 hospitals, 66.7% showed consistent results (2 out of 3 items). Furthermore, the comparison between price performance-MCDA criteria and current hospital criteria found that most of the similar issues were as follows: quality of manufacturing and quality of products. However, there were different concerned criteria such as experiences in using the drugs and drug availability on the list in a teaching hospital; drug specification including packaging and labelling for reducing medication errors; research data in supporting quality and efficacy of drugs; and the ethical training on drug promotion. The results found that most pharmacists who participated in the present research using price performance-MCDA were satisfied with these criteria, particularly in terms of driving the improvement of drug quality. Problems and constraints encountered in this study included understanding the details of each criterion. In summary, the results indicated the possibility of applying the price performance-MCDA criteria, but the criteria may need to be adjusted when implemented.
This study aimed to review the school food and nutrition (SFN) policy recommendations from international organizations and the SFN policy and practice in Thailand. Policy documents were collected from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and related organizations in Thailand such as ministries of education, public health, agriculture and cooperatives, and Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Documents were analyzed based on the SFN framework, consisting of four key components; 1) healthy food environment and school food, 2) food and nutrition education, 3) inclusive procurement and value chain, 4) enabling policy, legal and institutional environment. Forty-two policy recommendations have been suggested, such as the development of a national strategy for food and nutrition in school, control of unhealthy food marketing, supporting use of local food produce for school meals, encouraging community engagement, promoting food and nutrition role models among teachers, and management of conflict of interest among involved stakeholders. Thailand has followed 34 out of 42 recommendations, such as, free school lunch, child nutritional standard, Thai School Lunch program for sustainable provision of school food, and other food and nutritional promotion programs in school. However, future SFN policies should be developed on the food/nutritional literacy among school children, teachers, and parents, conflict of interest management among involved stakeholders, and the health promotion in particular food and nutrition for all personnel in schools. Furthermore, existing SFN policies need to be strengthened, for instance, the inclusive school lunch, law and regulation to control unhealthy food marketing in school, and SFN policy monitoring and evaluation. The present study of international recommendations should be further used to guide the future SFN policy and practice in Thailand.
This analytical observational study aimed to investigate relationships between factors and contribution payments for the sickness benefit among insured workers under the Social Security Act’s Article 40 who had been registered for 3–5 months on December 31, 2019. The data used for the analysis came from 53,556 insured workers who registered with Article 40 between August – September 2019. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to describe the overall data and investigate the relationships among the studied factors. The analysis showed that age, occupation and registration channels were significantly associated with the contribution payments to fulfill the sickness benefit, while sex, income, contribution amount and benefit options were not. Those aged 25–34 years, in service works, working in machinery factories, and registration channel through a community based - social security agent had an increased chance of losing the sickness benefit compared to their counterparts. These results suggest strategic targeting the insured workers under Article 40 to ensure access to continuous sickness benefit of the social security system.
Due to the global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to hold the 73rd World Health Assembly the first online meeting. The objectives of this study were (1) to review the online assembly and Thailand delegation’s online participation, (2) to analyze the advantages and challenges of online meeting and (3) to analyze the factors contributing to the success of the Thai delegates. The methods of this qualitative study included reviews of relevant documents, participant observations of the Thai delegates throughout the assembly meetings and opinions collection from the Thai delegates. The results showed that the 73rd World Health Assembly consisted of 3 sessions: (1) virtual de minimis – the concise virtual meeting, (2) intersessional session and (3) resumed 73rd World Health Assembly; all these sessions were participated by the Thai delegates. The online meeting was convenient as the delegates were able to connect to the meeting from anywhere with a good quality internet network. However, there was a challenge in terms of time zone difference that Thai delegates needed to attend the meeting at night and to continue their normal office hours. The factors contributing to the success of the Thai delegation were teamwork, systematic working process and adaptabilityof Thai delegates.
Article 27(3) of the National Health Act 2007 mandates the Office of the National Health Commission to conduct surveys, studies, and analyses of various data related to health systems of the nation. To assist the implementation of the National Health Act 2007, this study was conducted to assess the state of desirable Thailand health systems using a set of desirable health system indicators and to identify gaps in health system requirements. This study analyzed secondary data and conducted interviews with key informants and experts in the field to assess the status of each indicator and identify gaps in meeting the targets. This study focused on the articles of health promotion activities represented by the incidence of HIV infection, premature mortality from four major noncommunicable diseases. The articles on disease prevention included road traffic mortality and air pollution-attributable mortality. The articles on health hazards control included health systems capacity and emergency preparedness according to the International Health Regulations. The findings demonstrated the relationship between global commitments and the governance of Thailand health systems. The appropriateness of various indicators was determined by local knowledge as well as the ability to track the performance of local policies. The study findings suggested the creation of indicators should incorporate the Sustainable Development Goals both locally and regionally.
This mixed method research aimed to learn lessons leading to policy suggestions from the implementation of surveillance, prevention and control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in communities by village health volunteers (VHVs) in the north-east, Thailand. The lessons were extracted through a 5 steps process; project preparation or definition, data collection, verification and synthesis of data, storage of data and dissemination of learning. The sample size consisted of 207 VHVs from 8 provinces of health regions 7, 8, 9, and 10. Data were collected by 16 focus group discussions (12-13 members in a group) and a questionnaire survey based on practice guidelines for VHV on surveillance for COVID-19 as defined by the Department of Health Services Support, Ministry of Public Health. The questionnaire validated by 3 experts and achieved a reliability score of 0.94. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative by content analysis. Quantitative analysis, found 97.6% of VHVs respondents performed searching and screening of high risk groups, 89.4% conducted home visits to follow-up on sign and symptom, 87.0% prepared themselves for protection, 86.0% created performance reports and 84.5% consolidated reports of high-risks groups under observation. The VHVs were under the top-down guidance of the district-level Department of Disease Control’s policies. The qualitative analysis revealed that the VHVs were an integral part of village-level prevention strategy. The VHVs took steps to ensure self-precaution while visiting houses similar to disease control officers. The VHV also communicated with villagers regarding risks, disease knowledge including distributing protective equipment. The VHVs continuously reported to the local health professionals via LINE groups and other applications. The success of the project was attributable to the local VHVs and their dedication including their volunteer compassion, in addition, cooperation between networks and the communities, support, and monitoring. However, limitations were the knowledge, skills, technology including lack of clear operation guidelines, insufficient protective equipment, levels of cooperation between networks and citizens. Therefore, policies suggestions were on development of management infrastructure, capacity building of VHVs potential and knowledge, guideline and operation handbook, management of information technology and the network integration.
This research focuses on redesigning employment models and employment benefits in order to retain civil servant healthcare workforce. The research leverages the process of design thinking or human-centered design as a methodology. The target users of the redesign exercise in this research are 1. physicians, 2. dentists, 3. pharmacists, and 4. nurses. Taking into consideration the systems perspective of this research, the research team has also involved employers and relevant policy makers throughout the process. Starting with in-depth interviews of the stakeholders, the research team has come up with five potential employment models for further adjustment and consideration in employing future civil servant healthcare workforce. The five models are: 1. Flexible employment scheme: providing a more flexible part-time positions for healthcare workforce in city hospitals 2. Part-time employment with private sector benefits: providing private sector employment and benefits for healthcare workforce outside the civil service working hours 3. Employment through healthcare districts: providing more flexibility in handling healthcare workforce and resources by shifting the employer role from the hospitals or healthcare centers to the healthcare districts 4. Employment through non-government health units: extending civil servant health employment to cover employment in selected non-government health units, and 5. Redesigning employment restriction: allowing employers to manager their own lumpsum funds rather than strictly allocating the fund per head The research team recommends that a healthcare regulatory sandbox should be set up to design and test some of the proposed redesigning of the employment schemes so policymakers can gather feedback and leverage on the learning to revise and replicate effective schemes and models in a larger context.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. It not only causes disease burden measured by combining the years of life lost due to premature death and years of life lost due to time lived in state of less than full health, but also results in economic burden. In 2015, the World Health Organization classified Thailand as one of 14 countries on all three “high burden country” (HBC) lists: tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV. Based on recent estimates made by the WHO, Thailand had 119,000 new TB patients in 2016, equivalent to an incidence rate of 172 per 100,000 population. This rate is more than 50 times higher than those in developed countries and is the cause of death for up to 12,500 people per year (1). Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can be trained to recognize tuberculosis-related abnormalities on chest radiographs. This study aims to develop deep learning model to classify tuberculosis related chest radiographs using data from the national tuberculosis program. Method: We collected chest radiographs from the active TB screening project of the national tuberculosis program. Then, expert chest radiologists reviewed and classified images into one of six categories according to the standard recommendation for reporting chest radiograph for TB screening from the royal college of radiology of Thailand. Next, we developed deep learning model from this dataset. Conclusion: In the first part, we collected and classified 80,086 chest radiographs according to the study protocol. In the second part, we successfully developed deep learning model to classify TB related or non-TB related chest radiographs with AUC of 0.94.
The purpose of this research is to synthesis policy recommendations for management of the health service system at the tertiary level in North-East of Thailand in order to support the critical epidemic of COVID-19. This research was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022. Four provinces in the public health region 7,8,9 and 10 namely Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Surin and Ubon Ratchathani were stratified selected. Mix-methods was adopted based upon the Health Care Capacity indicator and six-building blocks together with policies and regulations issued by the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations and other related measures. The participants were purposively recruited through administrators at a public health region, provinces, hospitals, COVID-19 committees, health professional and responsible for environmental work of Tertiary hospitals within four provinces, and secondary key informants were a group of stakeholders. The research instrument was the health service management assessment form, in-depth interview, focus group, lesson learn form, and relevant document record form. Quantitative data were analyzed by statistical percentage, mean. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Each interview was digitally recorded, and the data from the interviews were analysed using Nvivo. The findings revealed ten policy recommendations covering ten issues for public sector organizations as follows: 1) A clear policies and utilization are needed; 2) considering a framework for expanding health professionals; 3) developing a large-scale centralized database system and connecting the use of sharing-data network with public health sectors; 4) establishing a public health region as a juristic person for the development and flexible service; 5) providing training programs to continuously upskill personnel's potential; 6) having a committee to consider the risk compensation of health professionals working during COVID-19 with all health sectors covered by a good moral and fairness and equality 7) Providing clear and accurate information and having public relations which covering target groups and easy to access 8) establishing guidelines for vaccine administration management in accordance with the context and having a committee to consider the compensational payment 9) all hospitals should have the resources planning with an effective strategy, and 10) having a clear organized-screening and health service standards in all public health sectors which participate in raising awareness of people's self-management. This will result in the management system for the management of the health service system at tertiary level to support the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis in the future.
This research aims to understand and uncover experiences, thoughts and practices of the 5 groups of people in dealing with COVID-19 includes (1) executives and policy makers (2) medical and public health officers (3) disease control workers (4) poor and disadvantaged people and (5) civil people and journalists. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Conducting in-depth interviews with 148 people and use an online questionnaire to get the data from 555 samples. Information from social media and online documents are also collected. From March to November 2021 is the period of data collecting. This study uses anthropological perspectives to suggest that the COVID-1 9 crisis is syndemics that inseparably related to unequal society, economy, politics and human life. The 5 chapters of this research are: (1) recording important events of the COVID-1 9 outbreak in Thailand, which is divided into 5 periods. (2) a study of the experiences of 5 target groups. (3) lessons in the work of various organizations in the COVID-19 crisis. (4) an analysis of social science knowledge in an pandemic situation. (5) conclusions and policy recommendations. The four key findings are: (1) the Thai state uses medical, economic and governance knowledge that leads to a centralized command system and controls people in the same inflexible regulation. The Thai state does not understand the different changing socio-cultural contexts found in local areas and communities. Government solutions do not meet the needs of the people. Social science knowledge disappears from the Thai state policy-making that reproduces and expands structural violence in which the disadvantaged people are damaged. (2) failed coordination between government agencies, civil organizations and the private sectors can be found in every local communities. Government officials do not plan for effective work and change practices over time. This problem is the source of conflicts. Another important problem is that there are a poor welfare and caring for medical and public health workers. (3) people distrust in the government because of their inefficient work and error decision making. The Thai government fail to give public enough and clear information but give privileges to some people. This problem leads to the people protests and calling for the government resign. (4) there have been several unexpected consequences in government policy. Particularly, the lockdown and the close of various businesses that affects many people who work in the informal sector. Policy recommendations are outlined in the final chapter for government agencies to take account in solving the pandemic in the future.
The considerable care for youths with substance abuse in recovering phase is enhancing resilience, cultivate life immunity in order for relapse prevention. This quasi-experimental study was to examine the effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Group Therapy on resilience and intention to drug abstinence among youths with amphetamine abuse. One hundred youths from the rehabilitation treatment at Wiwatphonlamuang School, Thai Royal Navy in Chonburi Province, Thailand were recruited and randomly selected to participate in experimental group and control group. Fifty participants in the experimental group participated the Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy for cultivating resilience and intention to drug abstinence, and both experimental and control group attended the routine psychosocial rehabilitation program. The group therapy was carried on twice a week for 4 weeks. The resilience and Intention to drug abstinence questionnaires were applied for data collection before and after participation, then four weeks follow up. Descriptive statistics and Two-way repeated measurement ANOVA were used for data analysis. The results revealed as follows: 1. The mean scores of resilience in experimental group were higher than control group at post-test and 1-month follow-up were significantly different at .001 2. In experimental group, the mean scores of resiliance at pre-test and 1 month follow up were significantly different at .05 and 3. The mean scores of intention to drug abstienance in experimental group were higher than control group at post-test and 1-month follow-up were significantly different at .05 The results suggest that nurses and health care providers could apply this program to promote resilience and intention to drug abstinence in youth with substance abuse. This therapy will be an alternative treatment for both health personnel and those who work in the drug treatment and rehabilitation facilities. Those personnel can employ the body of knowledge to develop and improve their drug treatment skills.