plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
The purpose of this research was to study the levels of job satisfaction of Pakkhad
Hospital staff, Nongkhai Province, with the policy on universal coverage of health insurance.
The population comprised 80 staff who had been working at least one year. The
data were collected by questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard
deviation) were used in data analysis. The result showed that the job satisfaction of the
staff, with regard to the universal coverage of health insurance policy, was at a moderate
level. Job satisfaction with regard to responsibility in work, satisfaction with policy and
admi-nistration, compensation and fringe benefits, working freedom in health services,
interpersonal relations, position advancement and working conditions was at a moderate
level.
Based on this research, it is suggested that the compensation and fringe benefits of
staff should be improved and health personnel should be supported in continuing their
studies so as to improve their academic status. For this, they could be better equipped and
become a greater help as human resources of the department for the development of the
organization.
Serious complications of the eyes often occur in diabetic patients. This research was
aimed at studying diabetes retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes patients who were registered
with the diabetic clinic of Thaluang Hospital, Lop Buri Province, using pictures
from a fundus camera. All pictures from this camera were interpreted by an ophthalmologist.
In addition, if some cases could not be diagnosed by the pictures taken, these
cases were examined by the ophthalmologist directly. Out of 763 type 2 diabetic patients
(86.31% of all the diabetic patients), 87 patients (11.40%) had to be examined by the ophthalmologist.
The results of this examination revealed that there were 121 cases of non-proliferative
diabetic retinopathy (15.89%); seven cases of proliferative diabetic retinophathy (0.92%); 15 cases of glaucoma (1.97%); 44 cases of presenile cataract (5.77%); and 156 cases
of senile cataract (20.45%).
The results of this study showed that DR could be found in the early years of diagnosis
as type 2 diabetic patients. The percentage of DR increased in relation to the number
of years after the patients were diagnosed as diabetic. Screening DR by examining pictures
from a fundus camera is appropriate for community hospitals and hospitals that
have no ophthalmologist because it could be performed in these hospitals and sent to the
ophthalmologist for diagnosing later. Therefore, using pictures from the fundus camera
to search for DR in diabetic patients would decrease a large number of patients who
should be examined directly by ophthalmologists.
The purpose of this research, which is a descriptive study, was to study the relationship between effective factors to decrease the blood sugar level of the diabetes mellitus
patients who are clients of the Diabetes Clinic, and actual decreases in blood sugar levels.
The samples were 176 non-insulin-dependent type diabetes mellitus patients who were
clients of the Diabetes Clinic, Saraphi Hospital, Chiang Mai, during the period from October 2006 to December 2006, using purposive sampling according to required characteristics. The data collection method was a combination of interviews and studies of medical
records. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, and chi-square for hypothesis
testing.
The research results were as follows: about half (48.9%) of the samples had decreased
blood sugar levels and most samples (53.4%) had self-care at a good level. Moreover, it
was found that age, weight, and period of being diabetic were not related to decreased
blood sugar levels, but the self-care of the patients was related to a decreased blood sugar
level, statistically significant at the .05 level.
This research result is useful for the officers concerned, as guidance for enlightening
other diabetes mellitus patients formally by focusing on the self-care of diabetic patients
in order to obtain more effective services.
This was an exploratory and retrospective study, the objective of which was to study
the medical treatment provided to aliens availing themselves of remedial services, medical privileges, and the expenses paid for such services at Klaeng Hospital in Rayong
Province.  The data were collected using the HIM Pro. program, which extracted data
from the medical records of this group of patients and their families who sought medical
treatment in the previous year (from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007). The total
6,165 cases comprised 5,792 out-patients and 373 in- patients. The analysis used percentages and means. The results of the study found that the majority of the non-Thai laborers and their families were Cambodian, aged 21-25 years, with mean age being 26.5 years
old.  With regard to the medical privilege, they paid the fee concerned by themselves, the
cost of which exceeded the privilages obtained.  The majority of alien laborers were using
the services for medical check-ups for employment purposes, health promotion, antenatal care (ANC), immunization, family planning, etc. The major diseases or illness found
were injury, and gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory tract problems, 13.37, 7.10, 5.94
percent, respectively. The infected diseases found in the out-patient section were diarrhea, tuberculosis, syphilis, HIV, and food poisoning in 1.19, 0.22, 0.19, 0.10, 0.07 percent
of the cases, respectively.  Admitted patients had diarrhea, dengue hemorrhagic fever,
HIV, appendicitis and viral hepatitis in 2.86, 1.07, 1.07, 0.54, 0.27 of the cases, respectively.
As for the expenses for the medical treatment of the alien laborers that did not have such
privileges, the study found that 54.49 percent of the patients were able to pay the fees.
The out- patients had a greater capacity to pay the fees than the patients admitted to the
hospital.
Mental and psychiatric illnesses are major health problems and the trend is increasing.
Most seekers of health care still lack adequate treatment, and preventive and rehabilitative
coverage. Thus, health personnel working in primary care units (PCUs) are persons
who are able to provide complete services in better caring for their clients.
The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the standard practice of mental
health and psychiatric services in various PCUs in Phichit Province. The survey samples were colleagues who authorized mental health and psychiatric services at 51 PCUs in
Phichit Province. Data were collected from September to November 2007. The instruments
consisted of questionnaires for the standard practice of mental health and psychiatric
services from the Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health (2005).
The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and content analysis. The findings of the
study revealed that 66.27 percent of the overall PCU analysis was fairly satisfactory.
Independent PCU analysis found that 17 PCUs (33.3%) were dissatisfied, 14 PCUs (27.5%)
were fairly satisfied, 13 PCUs (25.5%) were satisfied and 7 PCUs (13.7%) were very satisfied.
However, this study found that important limitations to mental health and psychiatric
services that followed standard practices were the patients’ lack of knowledge and
understanding about mental health and psychiatric services, a lack of specialists in mental
health and psychiatric services and continued development of specialists; these shortcomings
must be resolved. Other limitations were an inadequate support system and
insufficiency of mental health reports. This article suggests that the strategy and policy
planning for the mental health and psychiatric services for the primary care unit (PCU) in
Phichit Province need improvement.
Social movement is a way to solve some of the problems of diabetes.  The aim of this
research was to study factors affecting the social movement of diabetic patient groups in
Saraphi district, Chiang Mai Province.  A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done
during the period from October to November 2007.  The study population were 469 diabetic patients in the primary care unit; they had been chosen by the stratified random
sampling method.  The contents of the study were knowledge about social movement,
social network density and frames of social movement.
Findings revealed that the majority had low social network density and inadequate
knowledge about social movement.  About haft of the diabetic patients had progressive
frames of social movement.  The conditions of these factors affected the lack of social
movement. Diabetic patient groups should be developed and supported by adequate
social movement knowledge, resulting in increasing social network density
A randomized controlled trial for determining the incidence of omphalitis and observing cord separation time in two groups of newborn infants used two different methods of umbilical cord care, namely, cleaning with alcohol or with dry cotton wool.  Of 384
full-term newborns, 169 were assigned randomly to receive dry cord care and 188 infants
alcohol cleaning.  Both groups were followed up for examination at one week and one
month after delivery.  There was only one infant in each group showing signs of omphalitis.  Cord separation time in the alcohol group was significantly longer than in the dry
cord care group (8.03 days vs 6.74 days; p-value < 0.05).
It was concluded that dry cord care should be recommended for umbilical cord care
in newborn infants based on the results of the study that it did not increase the incidence
of omphalitis and took a comparatively shorter time to achieve cord separation.
The research objective was to study the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs
and the effective technique in taking care of HIV-infected and AIDS patients. The research
sample comprised 50 HIV-infected and AIDS patients taking ARV drugs. The
scope of the study included their sex, age, occupation, and time period before starting to
take ARV, history of ARV drug usage, CD4 levels before and after treatment, drug side
effects, prevalence of opportunistic infections, causes of changing drug formula, and
mortality rate; all data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The result of the research
showed no difference among male and female subjects, whose age ranged from 30 to 39
years. Previous occupations were employees and industrial workers. The CD4 response
study disclosed that the group of subjects who had CD4 levels of 0-100 cells/mm3 had changed little from previous levels after the patients had taken drugs until the end of 24
months, with the highest CD4 level average being 68 cells/mm3. The second group had
CD4 levels of 101-200 cells/mm3; the CD4 level average increased until the patients had
taken drugs at the end of 24 months with the average being 173 cells/mm3. The third
group had CD4 levels of >200 cells/mm3; the CD4 level continued to increase when the
patients had taken drugs at the end of 24 months, with the highest average being 447.55
cells/mm3. The study about their weight found that it clearly changed and that about
opportunistic infections found that the most frequent were cryptococcosis (8%) and PCP
(6%). The change in drug formula was because of drug side effects. The study about
adverse drug reaction found that the most frequent were rash (8%) and hepatitis (6%).
The purpose of this research was to study the prototype development of palliative
care services for end-of-life patients through community participation in Selaphum district,
Roi Et Province, between January and September 2008. The aim was to explore and
develop continuity of palliative care from the hospital to the community by using three
steps in a participatory process, i.e. preparation, planning and implementation phases.
Data were collected by using questionnaires and interviews. The results revealed that the
participation processes were used throughout the study by consulting and by group discussion.
The policy was developed; the palliative care unit was established and team was
formed, including hospital staff, health-care workers, volunteers, and patients’ relatives.
A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study. The most common group, which included 35 patients, comprised those with cancer. The most common services provided
were demonstration and skill training for patients’ relatives to enable them to take care of
the patients at home. There were 18 funeral cere-monies which staff could join. Development
of the services had followed the “4S” principles: start early, stakeholders, sincerity
and suitability. Situation analysis found the strength of the service was sound policy and
good communication between stakeholders, but the weaknesses were budget schemes
which did not support the service set up. Opportunities in the participatory process were
assigned by the Constitution and the Ministry of Public Health’s policy, but there were
also threats about staff confusion concerning decentralization to the local government
level.
This descriptive research was aimed at evaluating emergency medical services in
Sungmen district, Phrae Province. Information was collected from emergency medical
service record sheets in the period January 1 - December 31, 2007. Descriptive and content
analyses of the data were used. The major findings were as follows: the mean of response
times of advance life support (ALS) level was 10.38 minutes, with a standard deviation of
6.39 minutes (more than the national standard), in basic life support (BLS) and first
responder (FR) levels, the means were 6.24 and 6.29 minutes, with the standard deviations
being 2.22 and 2.67 minutes. The means of on scene time of ALS, BLS, FR levels were 5.90, 4.27 and 3.62 minutes, with standard deviations of 3.83, 2.59 and 2.16 minutes. Evaluation
of all treatments on the scene by doctors were: treatment of respiratory system in
ALS level was done properly 100 percent of the time, while in the BLS and FR levels, the
treatments were not done in 50 and 53.84 percent of cases requiring treatment. Stoppage
of bleeding in the ALS level was done properly 100 percent of the time, in the BLS level it
was not done properly in 2.08 percent and not done at all in 16.67 percent of the cases,
while in the FR level it was not done in 33.33 percent of the cases requiring treatment.
Splints and slabs in the ALS level were properly applied 100 percent of the time, while
in the BLS and FR levels, they were not done in 10.71 and 14.28 percent of the cases requiring
treatment respectively. Although most rescuers were trained in emergency practices,
they all needed more skill and knowledge. The training methods should be revised
accordingly.
A study of the outcomes of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Project in
Nakhon Ratchasima Province was aimed at assessing the achievements of 29 government
hospitals in the period from October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2007, and determining strategies for improving the effectiveness of the project.
This study follows a descriptive epidemiological study design. Secondary data on pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and giving birth at those hospitals, together with
the outcomes of children born to HIV-infected mothers during fiscal years 2003-2007, were
analyzed by the Epi Info V. 3.3.2. descriptive statistics program.
The percentage of pregnant women who were tested for HIV increased from 97.1 percent in 2003 to 99.7 percent in 2007. The HIV-positive rate among pregnant women peaked
in 2004 at 1.2 percent before declining to 0.8 percent in 2007. Women giving birth had relatively stable HIV infection rates (0.6-0.8%). However, the proportion of pregnant women
with HIV- positive status who received antiviral drugs (AZT) rose from 86 percent to 100
percent in the period from 2003 to 2007. Those who received AZT for at least four weeks
increased from 72.7 percent in 2003 to 91.9 percent in 2007, while the remainder received the
antivirals for fewer than four weeks. Newborn babies receiving AZT also increased from
46.2 percent to 78.4 in 2007.
The surviving babies had been monitored for HIV infection until reaching the age of
18 -24 months and the follow-up rates rose from 73.5 percent in 2003 to 81.6 percent in 2007.
Every baby (100%) was provided with infant formula powdered milk before leaving the
hospital. The rate of loss to follow-up decreased from 35.3 percent to 18.4 percent during the
period 2003-2007. The main reason was change of address (87.5%), followed by guardians
not wanting to know the HIV status of their child (12.5%). Among those infants whose
blood was available for HIV testing, the HIV-positive rate was highest in 2003 at 6.4 percent
(9 cases), then the number of HIV-positive infants decreased to 5 (2.6%), 6 (3.7%), 2 (1.6%),
and 1 case (0.7%), respectively, during the period 2004-2007.
Conclusions: Overall, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Project in fiscal years 2003-2007 successfully achieved its objectives and was implemented at all government hospitals in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The outcomes of the project improved during that period. The percentage of mothers and infants who were tested for HIV and received antiviral drugs increased and resulted in a drop in maternal HIV transmission in the
province. Given the significant decline in the trends of the HIV infection rate among children aged 18-24 months, the project achieved the national target of lowering maternal HIV
transmission below 6 percent.
The purpose of this descriptive research study was to examine the level of satisfaction
of health personnel with the services provided by the Contracting Unit of Primary
Care (CUP) Board, Bankhai Hospital. Those services consist of planning, organizing,
leading and controlling. The study samples were 118 public health personnel working in
the CUP Board. The research instruments were demographic questionnaire and satisfaction
questionnaire with a five rating-scale. Data were analyzed by using percentage, mean,
standard deviation, and F-test.
The results of this study revealed that the public health personnelûs satisfaction was
at the middle level. Their differences in sex, age, work experience, education level, and
place of work were statistically different at the 0.05 level with regard to satisfaction with
the CUP Board’s services.
In this chapter Edith Kramer discusses her experience in art therapy at Wiltwyck Boys School in
New York on particular cases of poor and problematic children as it related to their citizen rights and
national origins. These children’s initial drawings showed their own cultural and national beliefs along
with the problem of integrating into the mainstream culture. Later on they somehow succeeded in making
drawings, compromised with the new culture, and their work was copied by other children. These
children enjoyed their leadership position and were proud of their development, indicating by their progress
that they had normal mental and emotional status and were living normal lives thereafter.
This research was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational
commitments and the intention to quit among Thai pharmacists, and to compare the influence of latent
variables in the model between pharmacists working in government service and private organizations. A
literature review was carried out in order to develop the assumption model. The study population comprised
pharmacists whose names were retrieved from the Pharmacy Council documentary system and
who had worked as a professional pharmacist for either the government service or private organizations.
The questionnaires, Cronbach alpha 0.63 - 0.94, covered individual dimensions, job satisfaction, organizational
commitment and intention to quit. A total of 542 pharmacists completed the questionnaires. Descriptive
statistics were used to analyze the data collected and t-test was used to compare the average
means. The LISREL program (version 8.72) was used for model testing and multi-group analysis. It was
found that the pharmacists who worked for private organizations had a higher level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The relationship model consisted of individual factors, job satisfaction,
organizational commitment and intention to quit; organizational commitment showed the highest correlation
with the intention to quit. The model accounted for 45.0 percent of the variance in intention to quit
and there was invariance across groups.
The constitution of the national health system under the National Health Act B.E. 2550 (2007) shall
be deemed as a framework and guideline in making policies, strategies and assessing the performance of
activities in respect of national health. In other words, the health system constitution is the national framework
for the health system, providing for the state of human beings that are perfect in physical, mental,
intellectual and social aspects, all of which are holistic in balance. This study used documentary research
and in-depth interviews; it is aimed at exploring the legal status of the national health system constitution,
how it binds relevant organizations, the linkages with rights and duties in respect of health and the
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand and its implementation in practice.The national health system constitution is not a formal law and has no legal sanction, but with the
approval of the Council of Ministers, the health system constitution shall be binding on relevant parties,
including state agencies, civil society, politicians and the government. This does not reflect a weakness in
the Act. This Act uses a “mountain-moving triangle” strategy and health assembly for implementing
some restrictions on interested parties, using a participatory approach.
For the purpose of implementing the fundamental principles in the national health system constitution,
there should be some relationship between this constitution and the provisions in Chapter 3 (Rights
and Liberties of the Thai People) and Chapter 5 (Directive Principles of Fundamental State Policies) of the
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, including section 163 of the Constitution. Therefore, the National
Health Act constitutes the model for health laws. Moreover, the health system constitution should
be mentioned in government policy and the administration of the state affairs plan.