plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
This research aims to identify and disseminate the local wisdom knowledge on equipment for people with disabilities and develop care systems for people with disabilities by using the rehabilitative devices and assistive devices from local wisdom. There were 2 phases in this research; phase 1: find, collect, analyze and disseminate information on the disabled equipment. The data was collected by quality of life questionnaire, the Barthel Activities of Daily Living, data recorder, and interview guideline with 70 disabled people and families with disabilities in Phitsanulok Province. Phase 2: development of care systems for people with disabilities by using the rehabilitative devices and assistive devices from local wisdom
within stages of action research. The data was collected by quality of life questionnaire, Barthel ADL index, group discussion, interview, and brainstorming guideline from 48 of 1) District Health Officers 2) District Sub District Health Officers 3) Community Leaders 4) Sub District Administration Officers 5) Volunteers 6) Village Health Volunteers 7) Disabled People And 8) families of PWDs. Content analysis was used analysis in qualitative data. Frequency, mean, percentage, median, deviations, and Paired t-test were used analysis quantitative data. The results found that 1) there were 53 the rehabilitative devices and assistive devices from local wisdom. The security and be careful in how to use the device
were advised. 2) The development of care systems for people with disabilities by using the rehabilitative devices and assistive devices from local wisdom was found that the system consisted of two levels, namely, the support of the district level, 1) vision and goals, 2) the management center, and 3) the development of human resources for the care of the disabled. 4) supporting budget 5) The Disability Resource Center 6) providing 24-hour for counseling 7) supporting by health organization administrator and the prefect. The process of caring for people with disabilities at the sub-district and community level consisted of: 1) assessment of disability condition and ability for finding the need 2) coordinate with the community health center of the hospital for plan 3) think and design the production of
equipment to care for people with disabilities; 4) physiotherapists to verify academic
accuracy and safety; 5) take care of people with disabilities at home; 6) develop knowledge between carry out of caregiver. 7) publish the work on the line group and
8) evaluate the use of the equipment. The results of the development of the system
found that the quality of life of the disabled and the movement of people with
disabilities improved.
For an analysis of an inequality in health service use across areas, a recommended measure is
slope index of inequalities (SII). The SII captures area variations in users of health services as associated
with total population in the areas ranked by a descending order by health service use. In practice, a
binary outcome, such as use vs. no use, measured at an individual level needs to be aggregated at
the area level in terms of proportion of populations who were the users. To account for uncertainty
due to sampling, the SII could be estimated statistically using linear regression analysis. This paper
used the data in 12 health regions, excluding Bangkok from Health and Welfare Survey in 2015, the SII
revealed statistically significant inequalities in the use of health services from public facilities for both
outpatients and inpatients across 12 regions. The Universal Coverage Scheme population showed a
lower extent of inequalities in health service use than Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme.
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a major public health problem. NCDs can be prevented by reducing risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, sweetened beverage consumption, and inadequate physical activity. For a more effective solution, the ordinary NCDs treatment should be adopted, as well as the preventions of the NCDs risk factors. This study aimed to report the situ¬ation of NCD patients’ risk behaviors in Thailand. The secondary data from the 2015 National Health and Welfare Survey was adopted for analysis on NCD patients aged 15-65 years who had cardiovascu-lar disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, or chronic respiratory disease. The study showed that risk be¬haviors in smoking (10.7%), alcohol consumption (16.8%), sweetened beverage consumption (51.34%) and inadequate physical activity (68.8%) were still occurring among NCD patients. The evaluation also suggested that while the male group had increased risk behaviors of smoking and alcohol consump¬tion than female group, however the latter had increased risk behavior of sweetened beverage con¬sumption and inadequate physical activity. By considering the socio-economic characteristics of the NCD patients, the study found that the majority of NCD patients consisted of ageing and adult workers in agricultural and low-skill industrial sectors, and those who lived in outer urban area. It was further noted that different economic status was not a significant factor in affecting the NCD risk behaviors. The findings confirmed that Thailand’s NCD patients had high risky health behaviors and health pro-motion activities were highly recommended for reversing these risks.
This study aimed to determine the amount of energy expenditure from moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in 3 domains (occupation, transportation, and recreation), and sedentary behavior of Thai adults disaggregated by subgroups of participants. The data of 113,882 Thai adults aged 15 and above from the 2015 National Health and Welfare Survey conducted by National Statistical Office were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-part model. The results showed that the average energy expenditure from moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity by 3 domains was 1,728 metabolic equivalent of task-minute/week. The energyexpenditure from work domain was the highest (1,113 MET-minute/week), followed by transportation (286 MET-minute/week), and recreation (230 MET-minute/week), much lower than the results from other international studies. The energy expenditure in sedentary activities was also high at 774 MET-minute/week. The energy expenditure from 3 physical activity domains was higher in males and adults (aged 30-44) living in rural areas including farmers and laborers, and those who had lowest education and income levels, without underlying diseases, and self-reported with lower health problem status. These subgroups with higher energy expenditure from physical activity also reported lower energy spent sedentary. Our findings will benefit to the national policy development on physical activity by transforming energy expenditure in sedentary activities to other physical activity domains. For example, office-based employee spent low energy expenditure from work domain should be encouraged to the standing break or walking every hour of sitting, using stairs instead of elevator, or using public transport, walking or biking to workplace. In addition, we urge for the improvement of national physical activity to be more accurate and conducted continuously.
Universal Health Coverage aims to increase access to essential health services to minimize household health expenditure. However, a number of people still do not use services provided under the Universal Health Coverage. These people prefer self-medication by buying medicines from community pharmacy. This research aims to study characteristics of these people and the expenditure for self-medication. Descriptive study design was used. The 2015 Health and Welfare Survey data conducted by National Statistical Office containing 139,848 individual persons were analyzed. Based on the survey, an individual who had at least one time of illness that did not require hospitalization within the last month was identified and then the data about self-medication and out-of-pocket payment were collected. Sampling weight was applied using appropriate statistics to make sure that the dataset could represent all Thai population in all 13 health regions. Findings showed that 27.2% of those who had at least one time of illness that did not require hospitalization had self-medication. The percentage of self-medication of region 7 (37.7%) was the highest compared to other regions. By scheme, the highest rate of self-medication was found in the social security members (35.0%). Rural population had 10.4% more self-medication than urban population. Most of the people who used self-medication strategy were in the lowest quintile and had no underlying diseases. Their symptoms included common cold/cough and running nose (44.4%). The median cost of self-medication was 60 Baht per visit. For patients with underlying diseases, cost was as high as 120 Baht per visit. Factors associated with self-medication should be examined in further studies. Quality development of community pharmacy should be implemented because community pharmacy is still the major source of self-treatment.
This study analyzed health care utilization of Thai people who did not have or were not aware of health insurance, using data from Health and Welfare Survey 2015. Demographic, socio-economic characteristics plus utilization patterns of outpatient (OP) and inpatient (IP) services were analyzed. Out of pocket payment was reported as the median amount. The results showed that 1.49% of Thai population neither had health insurance nor knew their status. Majority (38%) lived in Bangkok while 17% and 12% lived in Health Region 5 and 6, respectively. Approximately 51% were male and aged 30 years on average. Sixty-five percent completed up to the primary schools and 41% were private employees. With respect to economic gradients as measured by household asset index, the poorest quintile had a greater proportion of the primary school graduates and private employees than the rest. Of all Thai population, ten percent reported having non-hospitalized illnesses (outpatient, OP) during one month and mainly received care at private hospitals (37%) and clinics followed by drug stores or traditional healers, and public hospitals. Median paid amounts for the above OP services were 350, 80, and 2,300 baht per visit, respectively. The poorest quintile used drug stores in the largest proportion, followed by private and public facilities, and paid for a visit of 80, 300, and 200 baht, respectively. The richest quintile used private facilities the most, followed by public facilities, and drug stores. There were only four percent reporting being hospitalized during the past year, which was not different across economic quintiles. Approximately, 70% of those hospitalized were admitted to public hospitals. All people in the poorest quintile were hospitalized in the public hospitals and paid 8,000 baht per admission, while 69% of the richest quintile were hospitalized in the private hospitals and paid 40,000 baht per admission. To mitigate financial risks to health payments by households, especially among the poor, and strategies for identifying the Thai population who did not get access to the UCS registration are thekey priority issues, especially in the urban areas and big cities.
Holistic and humanized health care is an essential guideline for health care personnel. The modern medicine that focuses on only biological aspect is not adequate and has neglected the psychosocial and spiritual aspects. The clients may feel that their self-esteem and dignity have been decreased especially for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) suffering from society’s stigma and discrimination. This article illustrates the experiences of holistic and humanized health care for PLWHA provided by Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute. This institute has been providing care for PLWHA since the early period of HIV infection and has continually improved its services to be recognized nationally and internationally. This article also displays evidence to confirm that holistic and humanized health care has yielded excellent outcomes for the clients, health care providers, and health service systems. However, implementing this concept systematically and broadly remains challenging for health care personnel and health service systems of Thailand.
An achievement of the Universal Health Coverage since 2002 has increased an access in health care utilization of the Thai population. However, populations in Bangkok tend to have an access problem. Basic structure of health service system in Bangkok is different from other regions. This study aims to analyze healthcare utilization and unmet health need both in outpatient (OP) and inpatient (IP) services of population in Bangkok. This is a descriptive study. The 2015 Health and Welfare Survey provided a sample of 5,893 individual persons living in Bangkok for data analysis. Majority of population in Bangkok were covered by the Universal Coverage Scheme (UC) (47.9%) and Social Security Scheme (33.8%). 64.2% of population under UC were in age group 15-60 years, however, 35.8% of them did not work and 18.8% of them were in the poorest quintile. For the OP illnesses, 35.2% of the UC had self-care, mostly by purchasing medication from drug stores. When seeking care at the public hospitals, the UC poorest quintile paid out of pocket disproportionately higher (24%) than patients of other quintiles, with the median amount 1,500 baht higher than the richer quintiles. For IP services, majority of the UC (71.1%) admitted to public hospitals. 32.5% of the poorest quintile had to pay out of pocket for the service with median amount 2,000 baht. Among UC respondents, unmet health need for services was 7.4% for OP and 1.3% for IP, higher than other schemes. The main reasons of the unmet health need for IP services among the UC were unaffordability, inconvenience in travelling, and time barrier (34.6%, 22.3%, and 13.9%, respectively) In Bangkok Metropolitan Area, public hospitals should facilitate an easy access to health services for the UC beneficiaries who had relatively low socio-economic status. This would help mitigate the unmet health need caused by financial hardship due to health payments.
Caries and gingivitis are major and chronic problems in dental public health especially among adolescence. In particular junior high school students, they lack continuous oral health care. The present study adopts PRECEDE model as a study’s framework to determine association of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors with oral health promotion behavior in ninth graders. The study was a cross-sectional analytical design. The population was ninth graders who lived in Maesai district, Chiang Rai province during academic year of 2015. Sample size was estimated by proportion of factor. Three hundred and seventy-five students were simple randomly selected from 13 schools in Maesai district. The study instrument was a questionnaire asking general information, enabling factors, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and oral health behavior. Data analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Pearson’s correlation for univariate, and multivariate ordinal logistic regressions were used to analyze adjusted effects of independent factors. Data were presented using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. The results revealed that parent’s education had significant association with oral health behaviors. Correlation analyses found that knowledge had a significant inverse correlation with oral behavior (r=-0.164, p=0.001). While attitude, values, and enabling factors had significant positive correlations with oral health behavior (r=0.119, p=0.021; r=0.152, p=0.003; and r=0.392, p<0.001 respectively). By multivariate analysis, fac¬tors that positively affected on oral health behavior were the opportunity expansion school with the highest education of grade 9 (adj. OR 1.70; 95%CI 1.12-2.57, p=0.012), parent with graduate degree compared to those with no/primary school education (adj. OR 2.58; 95%CI 1.19-5.59, p=0.016), value of food consumption (adj. OR1.32; 95%CI 1.04-1.68), and enabling factors (adj. OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.25- 2.05). But knowledge negatively affected on behavior (adj. OR 0.60; 95%CI 0.43-0.82). These findings will facilitate planning and guidance for dentistry personnel in changing oral health behaviors among grade 9 students.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the provision of nutrition informa¬tion on food consumption behavior. Field experiments were conducted on undergraduate students from three universities. The total number of research participants was 375 undergraduate students. Each participant was randomly selected to answer one of 12 possible questionnaires, each with a different set of nutrition information. They were subsequently provided with a meal of their choice. At each university, the experiment was conducted twice, within a one-week interval. Mean differences and regression analyses based on an ordinary least squares (OLS) technique were used. The results show that the provision of calorie information for each item on the menu and the provision of information on daily recommended caloric intake did not have an impact on food consumption behavior. Nevertheless, the selection of dishes into a recommended menu had an effect. Participants who answered questionnaires with healthy recommended dishes were more likely to choose a meal that contained lower calories by 73.97-105.4 Kcal, compared to those who were assigned with a menu highlighting unhealthy recommended dishes. However, the effect was found only in the first week and dissipated by the second week. The implication is that featuring a healthy recommended menu may have only a contemporaneous effect on food consumption.
An unhealthy diet is a major risk factor of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The diet-related health problems are increasing continually in Thailand. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns of Thai adults (15 years old and above) and their demographic, socio-economic and health status. In this study, the dietary patterns asked on daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) at least 4 ladles and above per day. The data, obtained from the 2015 National Health and Welfare Survey, were ana¬lyzed using descriptive data analysis and multiple logistic regression. The results show that Thai adults aged 15-24 years old were more likely to drink SSBs and to consume less than 4 ladles a day of FVs compared to other age groups. Government/state and private employees were more likely to drink SSBs every day than the business owners. Compared to the poorest, people with higher economic status were more likely to drink SSBs daily. The findings suggest that nutrition policy should focus in¬tensively on high risk groups including students, government/state and private employees and people with high ability to pay for SSBs. Potential interventions include a comprehensive nutrition promotion program in and around education institutions as well as in workplace. Pricing and taxation and social marketing campaign are also the promising strategies to promote the consumption of healthy diet among Thai population.
This research aimed to formulate and develop the labor price index (LPI) for physicians in Thailand in both public and private health service sectors. LPI was developed and used extensively in the US, Australia, New Zealand and Canada to enable the monitoring of labor cost in the healthcare market and planning wage policies in public and private sectors. However, LPI is new and has not been comprehensively studied and developed in Thailand. Physician compensation in this study included salaries and benefit or welfare. The total physician compensation in public and private hospitals was estimated from the annual budget and the survey by the National Statistical Office (NSO). The weight was calculated by the ratio of share for labor expenditure in a base year. The LPIs of 2008 to 2011 were calculated. The Laspeyres LPI was used in this study, and LPI of 2010 was defined as the base year. It was found that between 2008 and 2011, the average of physician compensation in private hospitals was higher than public hospitals. On the contrary, the average growth rate of physician compensation in public hospitals was higher than private hospitals. The results showed that the LPI of public hospitals increased approximately 1.5-1.6% annually while the LPI of private hospitals declined approximately 1.4-1.5%. This study recommended that surveys to represent physician populations should be undertaken. Moreover, LPIs for other professional groups such as nurses, dentists, pharmacists, other medical workers working at back offices should also be studied.
This study is a mixed methods research between quantitative and qualitative research focusing on action that aimed to develop a Trang province tobacco control model by using healthy public pol¬icy concept. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit the target groups including: 1) 50 leaders of the central and local government and people sectors, and 2) 120 cigarette sellers and 120 restaurant owners; 240 persons, altogether. The operation comprised two phases: preparation phase and the 5 steps of healthy public policy process phase (as agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation and policy evaluation). Data were collected by the survey, group discussions, and in-depth interviews, and analyzed by descriptive statistics for quantitative data, and by content and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The results showed that the model of driving public policy to tobacco control of Trang province consisted of 1) provincial network coordination, 2) team estab¬lishment, 3) exploration on the tobacco control awareness of the people, 4) the establishment of tobacco control measures in the province, 5) driving tobacco control measures into practice, as 5.1) measures to understand the law: focusing on the outreach campaign at the provincial and district levels to inform the effects of smoking in all media accessible to the public (such as location-based, radio campaigns, posters and leaflets, and 5.2) non-smoking enforcement measures: starting from government offices and expanding to public areas (such as markets, bus stations, and parks), and 6) performance evaluation. The research found the increases in the perception of non-smoking law enforcement in the restaurant without air condition, hospitals and health care services, other gov¬ernment offices and fresh markets (21.16%, 19.71%, 15.39%, and 15.16%, respectively). The cigarette sellers were more aware of the cigarette/tobacco vending law that selling cigarette to those under 18 years of age is illegal, and displaying cigarettes in the window even without seeing brands also consid-ered advertising (4.11% and 3.7%). The key success factors were identified: 1) having a non-smoking leader (the governor of Trang province himself) 2) having a dedicated and capable team to coordinate the network and 3) having a variety of communication channels. Therefore, the provincial tobacco control model requires strong public communication management to empower network partners to participate in the public policy process and to develop people to be an active citizen and care for the health and well-being of the society.