plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the pharmacist activities, components and effectiveness of a pharmaceutical care intervention, compared with medical treatment in patients who had been diagnosed as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder or anxiety disorder. Mesh term and relevant keywords were employed in searching of data from databases including Medline, IPA, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Thai Index Medicus, and HITAP databases. Both national and international literature published during January 2001 to February 2018 was included in this systematic review. The quality of the randomized control trial (RCT) and non-randomized control trial (non-RCT) were assessed by the risk of bias and risk of bias in non-randomized studies-of interventions (ROBINS–I) assessment tool, respectively. Twenty-six studies that met the inclusion criteria were conducted in three settings including primary care unit, drugstore, and hospital. The present study found that the pharmaceutical care intervention did not affect the economic, clinical, and humanistic outcome, however it possibly improved better adherence than that medical treatment in a hospital setting. However, using only 3 components of pharmaceutical care interventions (assessing drug problems, modifying medications and monitoring efficacy, and preventing adverse effect) does not have a positive impact on psychiatric patients. The psychiatric patients need to be cared by the multi-disciplinary approach to achieve holistic health on individual covering physical, psychological, social and psycho-spiritual dimensions.
Malnutrition from inappropriate food consumption behaviors is often found in end stage renal disease (ESRD) with hemodialysis (HD) patients. It may be a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. The purposes of the present study were to examine factors predicting of consumption behavior among ESRD with HD patients. Sample was 120 ESRD patients on HD in hemodialysis unit, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, by purposive sampling according to the specification. Data were collected using the questionnaire interviewing personal data, the self-efficacy, the social support and the food consumption behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the sample had overall food consumption behaviors at a medium level (xˉ= 2.58, SD = 0.47). Patient’s age, income, duration of hemodialysis treatment, self-efficacy, and social support could predict food consumption behavior (R2 = 0.607, p < 0.01). The finding of this study could be used as a guideline to promote the appropriate food consumption behavior along with social support to stimulate self-efficacy of the patients that enhance appropriate food consumption behavior in ESRD patients to improve their health status and quality of life.
Equity in health and health service are the ultimate goals of Universal Health Coverage. One key performance indicator for achieving that goal is about accessibility. However, Thailand in previous 10 years, while the number of dentists in service system was steadily increased, the utilization rates for dental service were nearly stable at lower than 10 percent. This study aimed to analyze utilization of dental services in 3 categories (oral health prevention, simple dental treatment, and complicated dental treatment), by using secondary data from the series of 5 Health and Welfare Surveys from 2007 to 2015. The results showed an increased number of people who received some dental service in the last 12 months. However, the number of people who did not receive any dental service were nearly the same in every survey. Moreover, people with unmet dental service need still exist. The proportion of complicated dental service use was increasing while simple level was in the contrast. Therefore, dental service productivity might be mainly from those complicated dental services. This would lead to a wider gap of accessibility to dental service among the population in the long-term. The findings from this study might be useful for planning and monitoring the future dental service system.
In 2004, the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) introduced the nationwide Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS) for migrants who were not covered by the Social Security Scheme (SSS). Before being insured and granted work permits, these migrants must pass the health screening procedures first. However, the health screening and benefits package of the HICS have not been changed much throughout the last 10 years. The present study was conducted with an aim to revise the health screening guideline and benefit package in accordance with current disease situation by prioritization study on health conditions among migrants in Thailand. The health conditions and non-communicable diseases were reviewed. The document sources were received from the burden of disease study, and the health screening report of the One Stop Service. Another related source was the reimbursement database of HICS for migrants on the frequency, mean, and total reimbursement of high-cost care. By using modified Delphi consensus process, the research team presented the result of documentary reviews and database analysis to stakeholder meeting before prioritization process. The top 10 health conditions and non-communicable diseases in the final round consisted of pregnancy, diabetes, neonatal abnormalities, high blood pressure, substance abuse and alcoholism, work injury, head injury, mental disorders, breast cancer and cervical cancer respectively.
Emergency Medical Service (EMS) can help increase survival rates and reduce possible disability among emergency patients. However, the number of calls for EMS is relatively low in Thailand. This study aimed to inspect the knowledge, perspective, and reasons of calling and not-calling the EMS by patients or their relatives who visited the emergency room in 45 government and private hospitals from December 2015 to February 2016. The hospitals were scattered in 9 provinces with the sample of 2,028 patients, whereby 646 patients had called EMS and 1,368 came by themselves or otherwise. The key reasons for not-calling were: the convenience of personal transportation (76.0%), avoiding waiting time for an ambulance (31.0%), and anxiety on the emergency situation (28.9%). Most misconceptions on the EMS included: (1) Ambulances were used only for casualties from accidents, and (2) Ambulance services were not free. In terms of perspective, most patients or relatives had negative views towards the EMS, especially the idea that they had to help themselves until the condition was severe or medications or relief devices were unavailable. Another view was that the EMS was slower than getting to the hospital on own-self. These perspectives were from non-users more than users. In conclusion, the study indicated that the causes of non-user involved misunderstandings, poor perspectives, and lack of awareness as well as the absence of knowledge on threats related to particular emergency conditions. Hence, regional agencies, the National Institute of Emergency Medicine, and the Ministry of Public Health should discuss the solutions to raise public awareness and to improve the perspective towards the EMS, in order to promote more usage.
The objective of this study was to estimate total cost of primary care service network. Samples with a proper primary care service system and good administration were selected based on experts’ opinion. They were three main district networks, namely, Namsom in Udonthani province, Wanornniwas in Sakon Nakhon province, and Naklang in Nong Bua Lam Phu province. The data on services and financial information of fiscal year 2015 were gathered. Total cost per network and the unit cost per capita were analyzed. The result shows that labor cost was the main cost driver in primary care system in which some networks was twice higher than material cost, followed by capital cost. The total cost of Namsom network was THB 22.9 million, of Wanornniwas network was THB 49.4 million, and of Naklang network was THB 46.2 million. The cost per capita of Namsom network was THB 612.61 followed closely by Naklang and Wanornniwas networks at THB 603.08 and 461.52, respectively. However, it should be noted that only one district network could collect all cost information needed was the main limitation of the present study. While, cost data are very different in each network, more primary care networks are needed to get more accurate unit cost.
This research aim was threefold. (1) To compare the concepts, situation, and reform patterns of the state tobacco industry in other countries in relation to tobacco control, governance, and trade agreements. (2) To analyse alternative reforms for Thailand in different scenerios of the government administration, trade agreement, and other social movements. (3) To assess the Thai tobacco control civil society’s acceptance of reform patterns of the tobacco industry. This study used qualitative research methodology through document research from domestic and foreign documents, and in-depth interviews with academic and experts from civil society on tobacco control in Thailand. The study indicated that (1) The international trade agreements were used as a tool to obstruct tobacco control policies in many countries. As a result, tobacco consumption worldwide dropped slower than the target. (2) The option for reform of the state-owned tobacco industry can be classified into 4 ways: 1. foreign direct investment, 2. joint venture, 3. privatization of state enterprises, 4. structural reform under state enterprise management. (3) Most of key informants expressed their opinions that the best approach is to manage the state-owned enterprises under the government’s control by separating roles and responsibilities between the policy makers, regulatory organization and owners.
As Thailand enters ageing society, it is increasingly necessary to be economically and socially prepared. The health care system deserves particular attention for the reason that elderly’s health tends to deteriorate overtime. In this regard, in fiscal year 2016, the National Health Security Office (NHSO) allocated 600 million baht for the “Long-term Care System for Dependent Elderly (LTC)” program. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of long-term care services under the LTC program in Udon Thani province. The study examined a total of 405 elderly who received long-term care services. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group of 261 elderly who received regular services; and an intervention group of 144 elderly who were under the LTC program. The elderly participated in the LTC program received long-term care services according to care plan provided by care manager. The services included vital sign measurement, Barthel activities of daily living (Barthel ADL) care, and physical therapy. After four months of receiving long-term care services, the effectiveness of the LTC was analyzed based on the average Barthel ADL index of both groups of participants. The study found that both regular services and LTC program encouraged the elderly to be more independent in performing activities of daily living. Specifically, the intervention group has significantly higher Barthel ADL index than that of the control group (p<0.05) by approximately 1 point. This difference suggests that the LTC program was likely to be more effective than the regular program. In addition, the LTC program was more cost-saving than regular services. The LTC program costed only 0.72 million baht, saving the intervention group’s costs of care by approximately 5.7 million baht. The results suggested that the government should support the LTC service and encouraged participation from various societal sectors, ranging from family, communal, local, to governmental levels.
This research aimed to analyze the expenditure in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was a retrospective descriptive study. Data was collected from electronic medical record by HOSxP of Bangbuathong Hospital in Nonthaburi since 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2014. Cost analysis was based on 2 concepts of disease classification. The concept 1 was chronic disease group system and the concept 2 was complication risk assessment system. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, was performed for baseline characteristics, and analytical statistics such as coefficient of variation (CV) and reduction in variance (RIV) for testing of classification. The results showed that there were 1,066 patients with diabetes mellitus. Most of them were women (71.95%). The average age was 65.42 ± 10.29 years and most were covered by the universal health coverage scheme (86.87%). The average expenditure was 6,442.26 baht per person per year (SD = 3,904.78). Disease classification by both concepts had CV lower than 150% and decrease RIV. The concept of chronic disease group system had clarity in the pattern of payment, pattern of disease and items of medication. The concept of complication risk assessment system had clarity only on the pattern of payment, but not on the pattern of disease or items of medication. Further research and development on outpatient disease classification should focus on the concept of chronic disease group system.
The implementation of decentralization concept under Thai health policy follows the National Health Security Act B.E. 2545 (2002) and Determining Plans and Process of Decentralization to Local Government Organization Act, B.E.2542 (1999). Community health funds (CHF) have been set up by National Health Security Office (NHSO), Ministry of Public Health, and Department of Local Administration, Ministry of Interior at the subdistrict level, emphasizing on participatory process. CHF primarily aims to support health-related activities done by communities and organizations based on community demand and readiness. CHF can be used for health promotion, prevention, rehabilitation, and proactive primary healthcare. This study was a mixed-methods study conducted in the Public Health Region 11 (upper southern Thailand). First, tertiary data from NHSO region 11 was analyzed to provide an overview of the regional situation. Afterwards, interviews were conducted; interviewees included NHSO region 11 personnel and subjects from 10 subdistricts (6 subjects for each subdistricts: 3 CHF committee and 3 non-CHF committee). We were able to complete 57 of 60 planned interviews from the subdistricts. Among 10 subdistricts, 5 were selected from the eastern coast; other 5 were selected from the western coast with mixing between good and bad performance CHF of those subdistricts. Two subjects from a provincial state audit office were also interviewed. Moreover, a population survey was conducted in those 10 subdistricts. The sample size was 350 (35 subjects from each subdistrict). Subjects were residents of each subdistrict aged 18 years and above who did not work with SAO or public health centers/hospitals. Preliminary results were presented to stakeholders including NHSO, SAO, community members, public health officers, and HSRI on 28th June 2018. Discussion during the presentation were recorded, analyzed, and included in the final report.
The study is aimed at implementation evaluation of the three core interventions in health promotion among adult population during 2556-2560 BE which include projects of Health Promoting Hospital, Flat-belly workplace, and DPAC Clinic. Evaluation includes policy implication, supportive measure, implementation, outputs and outcomes as well as key success factors. Situation analysis and literature review Review situation of NCD in Thailand shows that prevalence of overweight including obesity has been obviously increasing during the past two decades and currently reaches 48% among adult population. Thus creates burden on health service delivery and overall socio-economic status of the country, with estimate of annual economic loss of 12,000 THB. Comparative review in different countries emphasized national policies and strategies with key indicators which are mostly focused on promoting physical activities, proper diet, workplace environment and healthy community. Stakeholder engagement and partnership is the key factor, particularly in the workplace where employer and employees are mutually aware of and participate in health promoting activities. At community level, role of local governments as well as community leaders and organizations are undoubtedly crucial.
Thailand has become an aging society. Old age people risk of developing dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial in order to prevent the serious health problem. Herein, the rapid simple and low cost detection method have been developed for screening test of Aß1-42 which is essential biomarker of AD. Firstly, the antibodies used were investigated and selected to perform in the assay. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was used as a labelling materials because the results can be seen by naked eye and provide the stability. The dot-blot with direct and sandwich immunoassay were developed for measurement the level of Aß1-42. However, the sandwich immunoassay provides higher sensitivity when compared with the direct assay which was then selected to use in further work. For the assay, the anti-rabbit Aß pAb was immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane. To test, the sample was dropped on the test zone and incubated for 10 min. After that, 2 µL of anti-rabbit Aß mAb conjugate- AuNPs was applied on the test zone and incubated for 10 min following by washing. The results can be visualized in few min. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection was found to be 5 µg/mL. In order to enhance the signal, the silver enhancer was applied in the system after test. In the present of silver enhancement solution, the darker color in signal becomes more strengthened due to silver precipitation on the AuNPs which providing better sensitivity. The limit of detection was observed at 1 µg/mL. Moreover, the approached assay would be applied to detect of Aß1-42 antigen in real blood sample and the results showed the different between the sample with and with out Aß1-42. However, the further development to increase the sensitivity of detect tool still need more study to apply for the measurement of the plasma Aß in clinical sample.
Background: The mental illness high risk to violence patients need to have a continuum well care. Since these patients have tendency of psychiatric relapse and mental health risks. Therefore, the continuity of care system in mental illness patients project was created to help and care for them. Objective: To compare the cost and effectiveness by using cost-effectiveness analysis between continuity of care system (home health care service every 1 month) in severe mental illness high risk to violence patients at primary care setting versus routine service system in provider perspective. Methods: Data was derived from randomized controlled trial study between 1 January, 2016, to 30 June, 2016. The patients who been diagnosed as F200 to F299 and had at least 1 or more criteria of severe mental illness high risk to violence were recruited to the research. Result: There were 72 patients for continuity of care system and 90 patients for routine service system. Patients in continuity of care system had higher re-hospitalize incident rate (7.04) than patients in routine service system (5.56) with no significant at p .750. The incremental cost for continuity of care system was 30,716 Baht. The risk factor in this patient were a discontinuous medicine, alcohol or substance abuse. Number needed to treat (NNT) of re-hospitalization was 13. There were no statistical difference of mean of global assessment scale , disease burden scale and psychological scale at the 6th.month between continuity of care system and routine service system. Conclusions: This study showed that the continuity of care system can’t reduce re- hospitalization rate in severe mental illness psychiatric patients. The incremental cost for the continuity of care system to re-hospitalization rate was 30,716 Bath.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men. Presently, a screening test for PCa is based on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. However, PSA level is not a specific biomarker for PCa. Recently, several potential biomarkers of PCa have been discovered. In this study, detection methods for sarcosine and PCA3 in urine have been developed for PCa screening and diagnosis. An enzyme-coupled colorimetric method was proposed for sarcosine assay. This method is a specific reaction based on sarcosine oxidase (SOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The method was performed in the 96-well microtiter plate and measured spectrophotometrically (OD570). At the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.7 and 1 μM, respectively. A good linearity was revealed with a coefficient of 0.990. The assay showed no significant interference from ascorbic acid, glucose and bilirubin. In addition, it is extremely specific for sarcosine rather than other amino acids. The determination of sarcosine in human urine displayed high accuracy and good reproducibility. This method is promising to differentiate among prostate cancer patients, benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and healthy subjects according to urinary sarcosine level. Simultaneously, a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay was also achieved for PCA3 detection. The assay used the property of thiol group on the 5’-end of the PCR product to simply immobilize onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be able to prevent self-aggregation of AuNPs under high concentration of NaCl solution. Our assay can distinguish the positive from negative results by the naked eye observation of color change or using the ratio of the absorbance at 520 and 640 nm (A520/640). This method was also performed in the 96-well microtiter plate. At the optimum conditions, the optimal ratio (520/640) was > 1.5 in the presence of thiolated PCR product. The sensitivity of assay was approximately 31.25 ng of PCR product. In addition, the assay showed significantly specific for prostate cancer cell lines, which PCA3 is highly expressed, while the other cell types showed no PCR product. Altogether, this study provides the rapid, simple and specific tools to determine urinary sarcosine and PCA3 which could be useful for prostate cancer screening and diagnosis.