plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
There are a lot of stories in this world
the stories of “distress” and “happiness”:
smile, tear, laugh, tackle, misunderstanding,
uncomfortable, angry, fun, hate, fearful,
disappointed, tying, uncompromising, pround.
There have “fulfilled” a “tastes” life.
if we use our heart to feel the meaning of difference,
create the understanding, delete the judgement,
“autism” is the another perspective of difference,
waiting for the space of understanding and sharing
between us--fellow human beings.
using heart to learn the meaning of differences
and understand each other:
new friends, new thoughts, new lifestyles
from the difference angles.
Let them get inside our space
which is not only or individedly “me” or “them”
but literally our “space” that all of us can live together with equalily.
Modern gold mining is of great concern on environmental and human health impacts. Based on
literature review, this article presented information on gold mining process and its related environmental
and health effects. It was found that modern gold mining mostly employs open-pit technique and uses a
huge area to explore a tiny amount of gold concentrate. Mining often generates enough dust, noise, and
vibration to affect nearby residents. Modern gold extraction process employs a large amount of cyanide, a
highly toxic compound to living organism and human. Ore exploration might also release coexisting
heavy metal, such as arsenic, lead, manganese and mercury. Moreover, a large gold mining might involve
communicable diseases and the change of social, economic and community lifestyle. Government should
support a study on a health impact on every project of modern gold mining.
Treating ischemic stroke patients with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) no more
than 3 hours or 180 minutes after the stroke can increase the chance of recovery or improved condition. If, however, treatment is delayed, the potential outcome may be permanent disability or death. This descriptive
study was conducted with the objective of assessing time elapsed before treatment in ischemic stroke
patients and analyzing the factors influencing the amount of time elapsed before ischemic stroke patients
receive hospital treatment. The sample group was composed of 300 ischemic stroke patients treated at
Sanphasitthiprasong Hospital in the province of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Data were collected from
November 2014 to February 2015. The following three sets of instruments were employed: 1) Demographic
Data Questionnaire; 2) Ischemic Stroke Evaluation Form and 3) Time to Treatment Evaluation Form. Data
were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the correlations by using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
According to the research findings, 229 of the 300 ischemic stroke patients (76.3%) had pre-hospital
times of more than 180 minutes. The median pre-hospital time from the occurrence of stroke to hospital
arrival was equal to 302.5 min. The amount of time elapsed from arrival in the emergency room at
Sapphasitthiprasong Hospital until receipt of treatment (in-hospital time) was equal to 107.5 min. Therefore,
the median time from the initial presenting symptoms until treatment was equal to 590 min. Furthermore,
the pre-hospital time, the distance from the site of the incident to the hospital and the in-hospital
time from arrival until receiving laboratory test results were found to be positively correlated with the
pre-hospital time from the initial presenting symptoms until receipt of treatment (rs = 0.661, 0.185, 0.235,
p < 0.01). The severity of symptoms evaluated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
scores was found to be negatively correlated with pre-hospital time (rs = - 0.129, p < 0.05).
In summary, most ischemic stroke patients within the boundaries of Ubon Ratchathani receive delayed
treatment in which the pre-hospital time has the highest correlation with receipt of treatment and
instructing patients, people at risk for ischemic stroke and their relatives. Moreover, the development of
an emergency medical service provision system and a hospital referral system that minimizes procedures
and time in transferring ischemic stroke patients is vital to helping ischemic stroke patients receive timely
treatment.
Over the past 10 years, the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) has transferred her seven responsibilities
and more than 30 health centres to local governments. The ministry faced both successful and failed
experiences. It was necessary for the ministry to review what should be the appropriate roles and options
for decentralization. This study was a qualitative research. It aimed at analyzing appropriate roles of the MOPH and her
sub-organizations together with the National Health Security Office (NHSO) in linking disease prevention
and health promotion in local areas and the overall system governance. Research methodology used
both literature review and brain storming as well as in-depth interview. The interviewees included 22
experts who were representatives from the MOPH, non-governmental organization, local government
and the NHSO. The gathered data was analyzed by using content analysis and the results were presented
by thematic analysis.
Results of the study showed that public health, disease prevention and health promotion were direct
responsibilities of the local government for improving the quality of life of local people and these roles
ought to be transferred to local authorities. But the prevention of serious disease epidemic should be
remained the command of the MOPH at the central level. Other ministerial sub-organizations together
with NHSO should play supportive roles of the health policies issued by the MOPH. Local government
could be an arm-length extension of the MOPH to bring policies into practice. Options for decentralization
should encourage stakeholders’ participation in disease prevention and health promotion. The area
health model became a more preferable solution because it could help align the fragmented health system
and create better networking governance.
The objective of this study is to estimate unit cost per capita of services provided at contracting unit
for primary care (CUP) network. The cost data for fiscal year 2014 were gathered from both main hospitals
and primary care units (PCUs), consisting of labour cost, material cost, and capital cost. Then, the unit cost
per capita was analysed by service types: curative, promotion and prevention, rehabilitation, and Thai
traditional and alternative medicine.
The unit cost per capita of CUPs was calculated by looking at six CUPs: two general hospitals and
four district hospitals. The results indicated that the unit cost per capita of outpatient services at the two
general hospitals were Baht 1,215 (SD=148). Adding all four service types together, the unit cost per capita
at these two general hospitals totalled Baht 1,581 (SD=184). Whereas, the average unit cost per capita of 4
district hospitals accounted for Baht 800 (SD=51). The total average cost for all services of the district
hospitals is Baht 925 (SD=60).
While, the average unit costs per capita of 10 primary care units were Baht 372, the average unit cost
of PCUs for all services is Baht 787 with the median of Baht 689. However, rehabilitation and Thai traditional
and alternative medicine services were not available in all PCUs. This is due to the fact that those
services require health professional with specific qualifications. Further studies are needed to confirm the
result of this study, which has limitation on a small number of samples.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of insulin non adherence and identify factors
associated with insulin non adherence among 95 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nongjik Hospital,
Pattani province from June to September 2015. Non adherence to insulin was measured by self-report
questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to present the analysis
results. Logistic regression was used to identify multivariate predictors of insulin non adherence. Adjusted
odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to present the strength of association.
Prevalence of insulin non adherence was 80%. In multivariate analyses, predictors of insulin non
adherence were: age 51-60 (aOR 20.38, 95% CI 1.32, 315.71), BMI (aOR 25.11, 95% CI 1.96, 321.17), selfinsulin
administering (aOR 22.25, 95% CI 1.51, 328.2), hypoglycemia (aOR 21.0, 95% CI 1.35, 326.23), insulin
keeping (aOR 42.02, 95% CI 3.16, 558.42) and dinner management (aOR 22.6, 95% CI 2.48, 205.68).
This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of insulin non adherence in patients with type 2
diabetes. Improving insulin adherence by paying particular attention to different age groups and patients
with self-administered, insulin keeping and dinner management inappropriate could help improve adherence.
Ministry of Public Health had put many efforts to solve shortage and manage distribution of dentists
in community hospitals by initiating special allowances based on geographical locations, hardship
conditions and working hours. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of additional hardship allowance
for dentists who were working in community hospitals. The study used secondary data from two sources and compared between 2009 and 2013. The first data source was dentists in community hospitals from the
Bureau of Dental Health database between 2009 and 2013 that were used for estimating the budget for the
hardship allowance. The second dataset was derived from performance and productivity of dental
workforce from Department of Health Service Support between 2009 and 2013.
The results revealed that the number of dentists in community hospitals was 2,638 in 2013, compared
to 1,859 in 2009, or a 41.9% increase. Additionally, the budget of hardship allowance increased
28.1%, or by 168.6 million Baht; from 599.82 million Baht in 2009 to 768.4 million Baht in 2013. However,
52.7% of dentists who started working in community hospitals in 2009 for 1-3 years, had left community
hospital in 2013. Lastly, the productivity of dental health service in 2013 appeared a little higher than 2009
on average, 1,565 cases per dentist in 2013, a 12.3% increase from 2009. Nevertheless, only 25.6% of total
hospitals were able to achieve high performance standard of 1,840 cases per dentist per year. In conclusion,
the data suggested that the hardship allowance appeared to be unable to retain dentists who had 1-
3 years of experience to continue working in the community hospitals with little effect on productivity as
a few hospitals reached the standard level of quantity performance.
Thai health system is currently affected by constantly changing environmental factors. Forecasting
the future of the country is essential for preparing the future health systems. Defining future preferable
health systems is an important first step of country’s future health system developments, which later
would deliver efficient resource allocation and maximize social utility. Literature review and expert consultation
meetings were conducted. There were 18 meetings held with a total of 121 experts or well-known
people to define what are the preferable health systems in 2033, compared with the status quo scenario.
The status quo scenario is the passive health systems, focusing on treatment, using human resources
and being centralized. While the preferable health systems would emphasize on health promotion, make
high use of information technology and promote community to be able to manage and cope with health
problems in own environment with high health literacy level.
In conclusion, the preferable health systems can guide future directions or priorities to support future
health research.
Appropriate standardized research grouping is important for research management of researchers,
research institutes and funding agencies. Health research funding agencies in Thailand have different
management policies and system regarding allocation of funds. As a result, there exists a gap in the information
on which areas of research are progressive. Grouping research projects properly, in the same standard
with other funding agencies, will not only strengthen the funding strategy of each agency, but also
help avoid the duplication of research funding in one area with less funding in another.
This study aimed to review the health research classifications in high-income countries in order to
have a basis for recommendations to Thai health research. Literature review was conducted to find the
key characteristics of successful research classification systems. Five countries were selected for review of
best research classification. These countries include: Australia, Germany, New Zealand, United Kingdom
and United States.
The study found the following six principles of successful research classification systems: 1) simplicity
2) relevance 3) consistency 4) standard 5) multi-dimensionality and 6) flexibility. From assessing the
research classifications in five countries, we concluded that the Health Research Classification System
(HRCS) of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration. (UKCRC) met all six principles. Therefore, based on
this study, we recommended the adoption of the HRCS classification systems. Furthermore, we recommended
adding the health policy and system research as a new classification in order to aid with policy
development and implementation in Thailand. In conclusion, health research funding agencies should
apply the same classification standards.
Adverse health problem of smartphone use has been gradually increased. Prevention of this problem
is essential and urgent. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of pain and muscle
activity at neck, shoulder, upper back and arm regions after smartphone use for 20 minutes among 3
positions (on the lap level, on the chest level and on the table). Twenty-four asymptomatic females aged
18-25 years old were recruited. The subjects were assigned to use smartphone in random order of 3 positions.
Location and severity of pain were measured by using body pain chart and visual analog scale
(VAS), respectively. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of cervical erector
spinae (CES), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT) and biceps brachii (BB) muscles. The results
showed that 1) After 20 minutes of smartphone use, pain increased significantly (p-value<0.05). 2) Pain
was found apparently, mostly in neck region; participants reported pain in 60 of 72 times, particularly in
the lap position. 3) Pain increased obviously in all positions; however, pain scale did not show any significant
difference among 3 positions. 4) EMG of CES increased up to 50% of maximum voluntary contraction
(MVC), but there was no significant difference of EMG of CES, UT, and MT among 3 positions. In summary,
smartphone use longer than 20 minutes could lead to muscular pain, particularly neck pain. CES
worked increasingly up to 50% of MVC. Therefore, we would recommend that to prevent the risk of
musculoskeletal problems, smartphone users should avoid using this IT device continually 20 minutes,
especially on the lap.
The desirable goals and directions of the Thai health system are to promote health prevention and
promotion for healthy Thai people. To achieve those goals, a number of innovations and new knowledge,
mainly derived from quality research, need to be generated in order to fill the current gap of knowledge.
Thus, a clear framework of potential research should be developed. This can help research funding agen-cies work transparently and effectively in granting research projects. This study presents a framework of
potential research that should be supported in order to achieve the desirable goals of healthy Thais. With
regard to each aspect of the goals, document and literature reviews were accumulated to collect background
information on the current situation and gap in knowledge. Interviews and meetings with seven
groups of experts were arranged to discuss and deliberate the potential research issues that should be
supported in the future. The results were then analyzed and categorized into three categories: (1) health
research issues by age groups - children, adolescent, adults, and elderly; (2) research issues in the health
systems - health service delivery, health workforce, health information, health technologies, health financing,
and health governance; and (3) research issues for promoting heath and health literacy. These issues
and sub-issues are also related to the policies of many granting agencies in Thailand. It is important to
raise the concerns of relevant agencies to determine the gap of knowledge that should be funded, then,
there would be enough research generated to move toward the desirable goals.
Health research is an essential tool to improve health system and quality of life but it is costly. Therefore,
in a resource-limited country, it is necessary to better understand health research priority setting
processes in order to assist decision-makers in allocating funding and resources more effectively and
efficiently. This study aims to learn from the world’s experiences regarding health research prioritization for a better understanding in prioritization approaches and how to apply them for health research priority
setting in Thailand. The results of literature and document reviews from national and international databases
showed that there were 23 studies categorized into two Thai and 21 international studies. The major
criteria found in research priority setting were the specific areas of health research and those of the patient
groups. The lesson learned from this study provides evidence on what needs to be considered in order to
design for effective health research prioritization processes in Thailand. This study suggests that multiple
relevant stakeholders should be involved throughout the processes, prioritization criteria have to be clearly
set and identified, and the deliberative process is recommended.
This research aimed to propose a model for Social Security Hospital and its financial feasibility. Mixed method was used, which comprised review literatures, hospital management of the Mexican Social Security and the Kaiser Permanente of U.S.A, legal framework, in-depth interview, focus group, questionnaires survey from 519 members under Social Security Act on the new Social Security Hospital and financial feasibility study. The study found as follow : 1) Social security hospital is theoretically possible and well practice in the Mexico and the United State. Integrated care model should be used, which will provide patient centre care for all health services. 2) The Social Security Hospital should be 150 beds hospitals, which provide high quality of medical services include 12 specialty medical services. Quality of its hospitality service should be the same as private standard. Its revenue can cover expenditure since the first year of its operation. It needs ten years for break-event with low rate of return if there are 200,000 employees register with the hospital. 3) Focus group discussion with represent from employers and employees on the design of Social security hospital found that they agreed with the design and support the Social Security Office to invest for Social security hospital in the needed area, which has problems of overcrowded patients together with measures to improve standard and quality of care for current main contractors. 4) For short term intervention, the Social Security Office could be set up new Social Security Hospitals by contracting with Ministry of Public Health or Local Government, which have mission to provide health services However, amendment of the Social Security Act is needed in long term plan.
Wheelchairs have been widely used for walking disabled people.  In order to operate a wheelchair to move straight or turn left/right, the user has to use his hands in order to control the motion of left and right wheels of the wheelchair.  If the user cannot provide force to move the wheelchair, a helper is required to push/pull the wheelchair from the back. Electrical wheelchairs were developed in order that the users could operate the wheelchairs through control panel/joy stick.  The wheelchairs can be used only on flat surfaces. Mobility between different levels are possible only through slope surfaces.  The existing wheelchairs cannot move through steps; for example stairs, etc.  Furthermore, the existing wheelchairs cannot plan the paths and cannot move to destination locations by themselves. They still require every
single commands from the users.  Based on the above reasons, this research has been conducted in order to research and develop an autonomous mobile wheelchair which has an ability to move through steps for walking disabled people; for example, elderly people. The user is required only to provide the destination location, the mobile wheelchair will plan the paths and navigate itself to go to the destination. On the way to the destination, if there exist steps, the mobile wheelchair will climb the steps automatically. The developed mobile wheelchair consists of 16 degrees of freedom for all 4 legs. Each leg has a motor to drive 2 wheels in forward/backward direction, a motor to adjust the length of each leg, a motor to swing a link connecting the 2 driving wheels to climb up/down steps, and a motor to turn direction of each leg to have only a point of center of motion during turning.  The results from experiments confirm that the developed mobile wheelchair can move in manual mode to follow commands from control panel/joystick and in automatic mode to follow commands from computer correctly with some small error of distance/angle.