plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
Background: Capability building is a process of increasing knowledge and capacity of personnel to
accomplish their works in the organization and be able to evaluate the acceptance of their organization on
change for capacity building. The objectives of this study were 1) Create network among academic institutions
in Central and Regional area and local organizations and 2) Develop capacity building model for
organizations working on monitoring and evaluation. Research Methodology: Process of capacity building
started with creation of collaborative network among academic institutions in Central and Regional
area and local organizations that were working on monitoring and evaluation. The selection of network
members followed the study inclusion criteria. The development of capacity building model included
1) Identification of general and specific capacity, finding the gap (by comparing the existing situation
with the expected goal) and find solution for the gap, 2) Knowledge transfer and 3) Coaching and mentoring.
Results: Collaborative networks had been established among 1) Central academic institutions that wer
supporting institution on capacity building, 2) Regional academic institutions and 3) Network of GO,
NGO and leader of the volunteers in local area. The development of capacity building model was established
among the collaborative institutions working on monitoring and evaluation using 1) Identification
of general and specific capacity, 2) Knowledge transfer and 3) Coaching and Mentoring. Conclusions and
Recommendations: From the creation of collaborative and development of capacity building model among
academic institutions in all levels, the network on works and academics had been built under this model
for increasing capacity and sustainability. For the sustainability, the regional academic institution would
be the active institution for applying knowledge and experience on the capacity building model in the
future
The marginalized people who are non-Thai nationals consisted of stateless people, undocumented
migrant workers and refugees. These 500,000 people were still excluded from universal health coverage.
Poor health outcomes, 6 times less access to care, outbreak of infectious diseases especially malaria and
burden of hospitals’ budget were its consequences. By the literature review and analysis, the policy issues
to include all non-Thai nationals people in Thailand in universal health coverage were formulated as
follow; 1) the expansion of people with citizenship problems scheme to include the stateless people who
were in the registration system but still had no legal status, 2) the extension of undocumented migrant
workers scheme to accept the enrollment of stateless migrant workers and 3) the establishment of the new
reimbursement health insurance scheme for humanitarian purposes for the rest of non-Thai people who
could not join the two former schemes. The additional budget was 716.8 million Bath /year or 0.66% of
Universal Coverage Fund budget. However, the people with citizenship problems scheme should permit
its members to change their registration to their real living or working place for the real access to care.
Universal health coverage should be the right of everybody.
The use of benzoic acid and benzoates, food additives, are endorsed by the Notification of the
Ministry of Public Health No. 281. The permitted levels of benzoic acid and benzoates established in the
Notification should conform to international standards and protect consumer health. It needed to revise
the regulation according to the Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA). Risk assessment tools
was employed for establishment of the maximum permitted use levels (MLs) to ensure consumers will
obtain appropriate level of health protection from over-consumption of benzoic acid. This study aimed to
assess the risk of dietary benzoic acid exposure in Thai population based on the MLs proposed in the
Codex food standard. The exposure was estimated by combining the MLs of benzoic acid in foods with
individual food consumption data received from the national food consumption surveys in 2004.
Probabilistic estimation was used to assess the exposure to benzoic acid at average and high consumption
levels. Risk was characterized by comparing the exposure with the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of benzoic
acid. ADI is a safe level for human exposure to the chemical over a lifetime. The study found that the
average benzoic acid exposure in Thai population exceeded the ADI (126% of ADI). The population aged
3-5.9 years and 6-18.9 years had average exposures at 226 and 153% of ADI, respectively. This indicated
that there was an appreciable health risk for children and adolescences at long term exposure when using
benzoic acid in all food groups according to the GSFA. Long term exposure to high level of benzoic acid
can effect on liver and kidney functions. High consumption of carbonated water-based flavored drinks at
97.5th percentile in population aged 3-5.9 years and 6-18.9 years provided high exposure at 144 and 96 %
of ADI, respectively. Thus, the MLs of benzoic acid proposed in this standard should be reduced in food
categories contributed high benzoic acid exposure in children and adolescences especially carbonated
water-based flavored drinks, bakery wares, processed fruits and vegetables.
Shortage of physicians in rural areas was one of main problem in Thailand. Previous studies found
that there were several factors which related to the existence of a doctor in the community hospitals. The
major factor was financial issue. Thai government has launched special incentive money and professional
opportunity strategies to rural doctors since 2008. After these motivated strategies, the recruitment of physician had been rising in community hospitals. The purpose of study was to evaluate the opinion of
general practitioners on incentive money and professional opportunity strategies to the retention of
physicains in community hospitals. This was cross sectional descriptive study of the physicians in the
community hospitals nationwide covering 720 hospitals. Mail questionnaires were distributed and collected
data between 1st to 31st January 2011. Data were analyzed by SPSS-PC version 11.5 by reporting as
descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation including analytic
statistics with Chi-square and binary logistic regression. The results revealed that response rate was 38.52%.
Most of physicians were male 66.59%; average age was 35.92 years old. A 30 bed-sized community hospital
was the most current work place 52.64. The opinion of responders to incentive money and professional
opportunity strategies revealed that this financial strategy with incentive money related to the retention
of physicians and influenced longer duration of working up to 88.00%. There were 71.15% of physicians
that strongly disagreed to the exception of this incentive money. Moreover, professional opportunity
strategy directly affected physicians with high satisfaction rate 70.95%. This study demonstrated the
financial strategy such incentive money and professional opportunity strategy were the major factors that
related to the retention of physicians in community hospitals. These motivation strategies should be considered
and applied to human resource policy.
The Prince Mahidol Award Conference 2012 was held in Bangkok, Thailand during 24-28 January
2012 with the theme of “Moving towards universal health coverage: health financing matters”. The Conference
highlighted the importance of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as one of the most effective
instruments that ensures human security and improves human development as well as fosters the concept
of all people’s rights to health care service. The Conference demonstrated that UHC was achievable
in many countries i.e., Japan, Thailand and others. It also highlighted equitable health systems financing
and other components of health system such as human resources, information system and other equally
important factors such as political commitment, government competency or civil society participation
that support the health system to achieve UHC. Last but not least, the Conference went successfully with
the hope to accelerate the movement towards UHC at the country level.
Hearing loss is a common condition. Hearing loss causes difficulty on communication
and social interaction of persons. It disturbs daily life, education, occupation, depression and
family burden. A simple, non-professionals required test that can be used as a mass screening
will help to find more hearing loss persons.
This research is aimed to study the sensitivity of Five Minute Hearing Test-Thai Version in
comparison with audiometry as a gold standard for screening hearing loss in the community
population.
558 persons, age ranged from 18 -87 years old, who live in municipal and non-municipal
area of Phuweang district, Khon Kaen province were included. There were 176 males (32%) and
382 females (68%). Unilateral hearing loss was found in 78 persons (14%) and bilateral hearing
loss was found in 136 persons (24.4%). Among those who had bilateral hearing loss, there were
107 cases of mild hearing loss, and 28 cases of hearing disabilities. One case had impact
cerumens and moderate hearing loss. When impact cerumens were removed, her hearing was
turn into mild hearing loss. The sensitivity and specificity of FMHT-Thai version to screen mild
hearing loss were 55.2% and 72.5%, while the sensitivity and specificity to screening hearing
disabilities were 86.2% and 69.4% respectively. The optimized cut-off point for total score of
FMHT-Thai version was 10.
FMHT-Thai version has appropriate sensitivity and specificity to be used as a screening
test for hearing disability in community.
Background: Children with congenital hearing loss without treatment and rehabilitation of hearing,
language and speech have difficulty in daily communication, learning, and life living. It is necessary to
find tools for assessment and screening early language and speech problems to use for early diagnosis,
treatment and rehabilitation. That would help these children to have nearly normal language and
speech development. Objective of this study was to investigate reliability of tools for screening and
assessment language and speech development
Method: Assessments of language and speech development from caregiving’s report and test for 54
children with or without risk for delayed language and speech development in each age interval [6, 9,
12, 15, 18, 24 months (± 1 ½ months), and 30, 36, 48 months (± 3 months)] were done with Denver
Development Screening Test, Denver Development Screening Test in part of language (Denver II
Language), Thai Early Language Mile Stone for Children Aged 0-4 years: ELM) , Thai Speech and
Language Test for children Aged 0-4 Years Old (TSLT)
Report: Denver II and Denver II in part of language (Denver II Language) , ELM and TSLT had
Cohen’s Kappa coefficients range:κ rang from fair to good agreement (κ = 0.27 – 0.75 ) Denver II
language and TSLT both from caregiver’s report and test at moderate agreement (κ = 0.52 – 0.60 )
Denver II Language and ELM lead a good agreement (κ = 0.61 – 0.75 ) Investigators inter-rater
reliability in using these tools were very good agreement (κ = 0.86 – 1.00 ). TSLT from caregivers’s
report and test have moderate agreement (κ = 0.52 – 0.60 ).
Conclusion: For screening of language and speech development, investigaters can use Denver II
Language or ELM. Investigaters have reliability and standard in assessment language and speech in
children.
Chiang Mai University applied the concept of social work volunteers
managing a workshop camp under the project of Learning and Sharing Together to
Empower Society.
This project’s aims were to support and instill moral integrity and ethics for students
and participants. In cooperation with other local sectors and organizations in Chiang
Mai, this workshop organized various activities that gave opportunities for the
disabled in local areas to experience self learning and development by sharing
experiences with others. Participants learned about the value of life, equality in
society and an awareness of the disabled, different life styles and social problems.
The review of international experiences focusing on national policies on child health promotion
and disease prevention of the Middle East region was part of the development of health promotion and
disease prevention policies for children aged 0-5 years in Thailand. This article aims to draw lessons about
the selection, implementation, tools and management of policies that are relevant to identified health
problems in Thailand.
The Middle East region consists of many countries and even though they have fuel resources and are
relatively wealthy from oil exports, the poor education and instability of the government in some of these
countries worsen their quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other international
organizations conduct the majority of health promotion and education activities. In this review article, the
author found that the nutritional policies which point to mineral and vitamin supplements are interesting
because the distribution of these supplements in at-risk groups free of charge was effective. Another project
that is noteworthy was the flour fortification project because it fit well with the population’s high consumption
of wheat products and did not change their daily lives. The disease prevention policy through
newborn screening programs was well-developed. If appropriate screening tests that are applicable and
cost-effective in Thailand’s population are chosen, we might benefit from early detection and prevention
of additional diseases affecting child health in the future.
This study is a part of a joint research project between The Royal College of Paediatricians of Thailand,
Department of Health, and Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP),
entitled. The development of health promotion and disease prevention policies for children aged 0-5 years
in Thailand. This study aims to review health promotion and disease prevention policies for children aged 0-5 years in the USA. A scope of the review on the US child health promotion and disease prevention (PP)
policies include; preconception care, teen pregnancy prevention, newborn metabolic screening, quality of
day care, child maltreatment prevention, development and Autism screening, breastfeeding promotion,
obesity prevention, immunizations, newborn hearing screening, vision screening, preventive oral health,
and injury prevention. These are in-line with prioritised child health related problems in Thailand. Results
from this study will be useful for providing knowledge and lesson learned of available policies and
interventions in the USA that can potentially be adopted for the Thai PP policies.
Preventive health care for children aged 0-5 years in the USA is recommended by the AAP and there
are several interesting programs initiated by the federal government. The US Department of Health and
Human Resources and CDC play an important role in supporting evidence-based recommendations and
data monitoring for the nation. The major barrier to getting access to health care is the lack of health
insurance. However, with the health reform and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more US
people especially children can afford health insurance and gain more access to preventive health care.
Health promotion and disease prevention (PP) policy has played a critical role in the Thai health care
system for a period of time. However, the implementations of such policies were still fragmented without
a clear strategic plan and goals. The development of PP policy focusing on certain age group in a systematic
manner was expected to help tackle those barriers. Children aged 0-5 group was selected as a pilot
group for the development of PP policy recommendations for relevant PP agencies in Thailand. Extensive
document reviews and deliberative process which involved the participation of stakeholders was employed
in the health problems prioritisation process. This article aimed to share experiences and findings
from the review and prioritisation process.
Child health related policy and law were completely available in Thailand and covered almost all
aspects of health determinants. Those policy and law were under responsible of varied agencies; however,
a well-coordinate initiative at a national level was not observed. According to the prioritisation process,
three health related problems that stakeholders expressed as high priority were problems related to carers,
child development, and antenatal care. The identified problems were also categorised according to
type of problems and responsible agencies. Problems related to physical and mental health were mostly
taken care by the National Health Security Office (NHSO), meanwhile problems concerning health and
well-beings were under other agencies, i.e. the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security and
the Thai Health Promotion Foundation.
Experiences from this study affirmed the importance of priority setting for policy development process.
Although most of the stakeholders of the priority setting process were from health sector, prioritised
problems were not solely focused on physical health. Proposed problems also included other societal
aspects as well as environmental factors that might affect well-beings, e.g. teenage pregnancy, quality of
child development centres, lack of parental knowledge of carers. In addition, the stakeholders also aware
of an importance of child development as this would affect quality of the population and their quality of
life in the future. Obviously, these social and well-being concerns have never been included in the benefit
package for health promotion and disease prevention under the NHSO. Challenges included identification
of effective interventions to tackle those prioritised problems in order to develop decent policy recommendations
for the NHSO and other responsible agencies.
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand mandated the decentralization of public services including
health; however, not only has there been no significant progress, existing evidence has not been
systematically synthesized. The purpose of this study is to identify the missing knowledge about health
decentralization in Thailand. Documentary research was employed to create the initial research framework,
which was then compared against the pool of existing evidence. The final framework was criticized
in order to bring forward specific research questions.
Three main research areas for health decentralization in Thailand were identified: (1) Regional Health
model development, (2) Capacity strengthening of local authority, and (3) People participation model in
health decentralization.
Background: Prevalence of low back pain was always in the top among teachers and academic personnel
in Thailand. It might be beneficial to clarify risk factors for raising self-awareness and even program development for mass. Methods: The aim of this study was to study working posture and environments
related to low back pain, in order to determine risk factors. Subjects (n=713) were recruited from 4
regions, 56 provinces whom attended Health Leadership workshop during November 17, 2010 to March
6, 2011. Descriptive data was described with number, percentage, average and standard deviation, while
inferential statistics was analyzed by logistic regression. Results: 76.08% of participants reported low back
pain. The severity by the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire showed minimal disability average scores at
13.2 (± 9). While analyzing for risk factors, the interesting results demonstrated as followed: history of
accidents related to low back pain caused 6.64 times over no accidents; working with bending position
had 2.20 times higher risk and working with squatting down had 1.74 times risk compared to no squatting
ob.
Conclusion: Working positions is one of factors related to low back pain among teachers and academic
personnel; therefore, adjusting personal behaviors, appropriate working environments should reduce
symptoms. These would lead to improved efficiency and better quality of work life.
Currently, primary care expands its role for patients with chronic care who have a controlled condition.
Drug therapy is the major method for treatment of chronic diseases. Therefore, pharmacists should
take their responsibility in drug therapy management in primary care unit. Understanding of policy supporting
health services is necessary for pharmacists to work efficiently with health care team. Since diabetes
mellitus (DM) and hypertension are the most common chronic diseases that hospitals refer patients to
receive further treatment at primary care unit (PCU), there are several health policies and financial mechanisms
by National Health Security Office and Ministry of Public Health as the way to support capacity
building and service system in PCU. For system monitoring, quality indicators focusing on processes and outcomes have been developed. The specified prescribing quality indicators for secondary prevention
included prescribing rate of aspirin in DM patients aged at least 40 years and prescribing rate of angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in DM patients with
microalbuminuria. Pharmacists should ascertain that drug items in PCU are optimum for providing care
for patients with concomitant diseases. Drug service system should be improved and health care personnel
in PCU should be trained for basic drug therapy management. Pharmacists should work with the
disease manager nurses to develop referral system for medication history information between the contracting
unit and its’ PCUs. In addition, data collection and data processing system for specified quality
indicators should be developed.
This study aimed to determine the level of confidence in medical and public-health competency, and
identify the relationship between such confidence with the Collaborative Project to Increase Production of
Rural Doctor (CPIRD) programme, regional medical school graduation and individual attributes. A crosssectional survey was conducted amongst newly medical graduates, who were making a contract with the
Ministry of Public Health for compulsory rural service in 2012, by using self-administered questionnaires.
Factor analysis and multiple regression were applied for data analysis.
The results showed that medical graduates were more confident in communication skill and
interprofessional collaboration, but less confident in obstretics, public-health and administrative competency.
Doctors in the CPIRD programme and those graduating from regional medical schools were more
confident in operative procedure skill and general medical knowledge than graduates in the normal track
and those graduating from medical schools in Bangkok and vicinity. In addition, being male and rural
high school graduation tended to increase the confidence in public-health and administrative competency.
Likewise, increasing age had a tendency to enhance the confidence in obstetrics competency.