plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
This research had three major objectives that were: 1)to explore HSRI research users’ satisfaction both from the research contents and from accessibility to the research information, 2)to explore the problems and needs of the users and 3)to study the opinions on HSRI operation from the relevant parties who took part in formulating the policy of HSRI. The sample consisted of two groups; one from the executives or the parties relevant to policy formulation and the other from the researchers and academics who used the HSRI research. The data were gathered by mailing the questionnaires to the researchers and academics and interviewing the executives. The researchers and academics were randomly selected from 6,621 members of HSRI digital library during the years between 2007 to the mid 2008. The response rate was 48.4 percent calculating from 727 returned questionnaires. There were 9 executives who were interviewed.
The results were as follows:
1. The most important purposes of HSRI research usage were to develop themselves by increasing their research knowledge and to conduct their own research respectively. The least important purpose was to use the research for running their business.
2. For the satisfaction with HSRI research usage, the researchers and academics were most satisfied with publishing full text research papers in .pdf files and the contributions of research to develop health system respectively. The least score was the satisfaction with the research coverage of all areas of health system but the score was still at the high level of satisfaction.
  For the satisfaction with academic work of HSRI, the satisfaction of the researchers and academics was at the high level. However, the executives rated their satisfaction at moderate level by giving reasons that the role of HSRI had been diminishing and its research contributions leading to health policy adaption were less than its former research work.
3. Regarding HSRI research usage communication channels, the researchers and academics used research via Journal of Health System Research most. The least usage of communication level was radio broadcasting.
4. New threats such as natural disasters and terrorism were the most needed research topics that the researchers and academics required HSRI to develop more. The second highest needed topic was mechanisms and tools for solving health problems occurring from environment.
5. The research on health system was the most needed information that the researchers and academics required HSRI to gather and store in HSRI database. For the improvement of website, the most needed contents were research analysis column and health policy analysis column respectively.
Objective: To determine the model of nurse led diabetic clinic network, the effects of model on vascular risk factors in primary care units of health department, Bangkok metropolitan.
Study design: Prospective descriptive study, and action research 
Materials and methods: Fours primary care units 251 diabetes were recruited, and the model was developed on the 2 stages as following: stage1 preparation, in this stage, we review the diabetic burden,  nursing role and service pattern for diabetes patients these primary care units, before model set up. and in stage2,  we developed The Nurse led diabetes program to help nurse manager in providing standardized care for diabetes as recommended in national guideline, and nurse educator development by educational motivation from multidiscipline conference, and clinical set up with periodic auditation and brain storm to re-evaluate, re-modeling the model.
Results: 
•	The risk burdens as in obesity, truncal obesity were high initially 78%, 62%  in subsequently, and the patients having target LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting sugar, HbA1c were 36%, 38%, 31%, 34%  in subsequently, However These un-optimized risk factors had trended to lower after the model implementation.
•	For the model had improved the nursing attitude as nurse manager, confident , quality service and standardized diabetes care, and the patients had improved coping skill in behavior modification, and most importantly the good relationship between the community and clinic which could motivated patients adherence and confidence in nurses.
•	The Nurse led diabetes program could help nurse manager in risk factor development, sugar control, complication detection and improved standardized protocol as in national guideline recommendation.
Conclusion: The nurse led diabetic clinic network could provide more standardized care by The Nurse led diabetes program, multidiscipline approach, and community relationship.
Mae-Moh Power Plant and Mae-Moh Lignite Mine may cause adverse environmental and health
effects. However, currently, there is no surveillance system to monitor the effects on the health of people
living near the power plant. This study is aimed at identifying indicators and studying the health impacts
in order to monitor the health status of people living near the power plant. The mining and power plant
processes were reviewed, together with their related pollutants and the possible health impacts of each
substance. A study on the health effects of people living near the power plant was reviewed. Practical
health indicators and a research methodology were suggested and reviewed by an expert and stakeholder.
It was found that these Mae-Moh facilities might produce several health hazards, including air pollutants,
water pollution, noise, accidents and other nuisances. The health indicators that should be monitored are:
(1) emergency room visits, (2) hospital visits and the services requested, (3) mortality monitoring, (4)
pulmonary function of school children, (5) lung function of adults with respiratory problems, (6) chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease cases, (7) pneumoconiosis among mine worker, and (8) stress and annoyance
due to the environmental problems.
Obesity is a global epidemic affecting both the developed and developing worlds alike. Overweight
and obesity has also been found to be on the rise among Thailand’s male and female population. More-over, they are considered as a leading health risk factor in the Thai population. Tackling overweight and
obesity in Thailand has lead to the formation of the Resolution on Managing Overweight and Obesity,
which has finally been endorsed by the National Health Commission, and was also approved by the
Cabinet in 2010 as part of the Thai national agenda. Meanwhile, the Office of the National Economic and
Social Development Board (NESDB) developed the 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan
as a strategy for national development over the next five years. The aim of this study is to analyze the
consistency between the Resolution and the 11th Five-Year Plan. The results of the study will be useful in
formulating the National Action Plan for overweight and obesity, as well as in reflecting the drafting and
approval process of the 11th Plan.
Comparatively, the key approach for the development of the 11th Plan focuses on an individual-level
defensive approach, such as the promotion of education among the Thai population. The Resolution
focuses not only on a defensive approach, but also on an offensive approach, with a wide array of regulatory
interventions, such as tax, pricing, nutrition and food labeling, and food marketing restrictions. The
strategies of the 11th Plan, for example, trade liberalization, discourage regulatory interventions for curbing
overweight and obesity. Unhealthy foods have increasing access to the market. Although preventive
approaches that would affect trade agreements and trade liberalization are proposed, they would be implemented
after these foods access markets. It seems clear from the literature that the international trade
issues need to be considered in the context of public health, including improving diets and health education.
The implementation of both defensive and offensive approaches, for example, the promotion of
education through food and nutrition labeling interventions, may increase the effectiveness of efforts to
improve healthy behaviors among the population.
This study examined the efficiency of resource use in Thailand’s three health insurance schemes:
Universal Coverage (UC), Social Security Scheme (SSS), and Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS).
It analyzes the length of stay (LOS) in hospital and early readmission rate in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients,
using as a tracer for efficiency the use of resources and the quality of services, respectively. The
data came from the claims that hospitals servicing all three major health insurance schemes have to send
for reimbursement. The aim of the analysis was to compare the effects of the insurance schemes and other
factors on resource use, LOS as a proxy for resource use, and on quality as proxied by the readmission rate
within 30 days after discharge. The analysis compares three conditions of DM requiring hospital admission:
acute complications, chronic complications, and DM without complication, to prove that there were
no differences in the quality of service in patients’ condition, especially the acute complication condition.
The study found that CSMBS patients had longer LOS than UC and SSS patients. This implied the
efficient use of resources by patients of SSS and UC compared with those covered by CSMBS. However,
SSS patients showed no difference in early readmission within 30 days after discharge, while UC patients
had a higher rate of readmission in chronic DM and without the complication condition.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was aimed at determining the prevalence rate and related
factors of musculoskeletal disorders in sugarcane workers of Baan Meng subdistrict, Nong Rua District,
Khon Kaen Province. The data were collected in the period from April to May 2009 by interviews; they
were modified using Worksheet “A” and Worksheet “B” MSI risk factor identification of the Workers’
Compensation Board of British Columbia, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the musculoskeletal
disorders questionnaire devised by Somkiat Siriratanaphruek MD, PhD. All 219 sugarcane workers in
Baan Meng subdistrict were randomly selected. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in the
sugarcane workers over the previous 12 months was 72.6 percent. Factors significantly related to musculoskeletal
disorders were maintenance work, extending arms away from the body for at least two hours
per day and working with repetitive movement for at least two hours per day. The authors recommend
that these practical surveillance guidelines be developed and provided to the governmental agencies concerned
in order to prevent such musculoskeletal disorders in sugarcane workers.
Purpose        : The  study  was to  identify  the  general  characteristics of  herbal  healers in  the         north-eastern of Thailand and the many types of herbal which were use by herbal healers who  treat patients and observed a sign of diseases or symptoms of diseases.
 Methods       : The study was designed to be a descriptive survey. The sample consists of 43 herbal healers with more than 10 years experience from 13 provinces in the north-eastern of Thailand. In depth an interview were used to collecting data and was substantiated through observations.
 Results         : It was found that the herbal healers incomes based on  treating diseases with herbs. The healers were allocated into one of four categories : amateur, semi-professional, professional, and expert. Herbal healers were able to treat 33types of disease or symptoms using one or more of 99 active formulas.   Herbal healers apply two concepts for the treatment of diseases to :
                              1.To stimulate or suppress human physiological response mechanisms such as vomiting, laxative, cathartic concretions in sweat, diuretic and pustules, This concept was based on the belief that these responses were to eliminate toxins and to drive out toxins,  or to absorb toxins form out of the body. The many conditions that were treated by methods. To apply this concept, for example, dog bite (by both a rabid and non-rabid dog).
                             2.To treat the symptoms and to cure illness and disease. Under this concept the herbal healer had no expectations concerning the physiological response to the herbal medicine. The same as the concept one, the patients had those signs and system that they would treat it as complication.  There were many symptoms and diseases that the herbal healers treating to use this concept, for example, herbal medicine code Pharm.001 was used to treat CA liver, AIDS,  etc. 		
Conclusion      : The formulas of herbal medicine were found in this study can not be used to represent all the herbal remedies which were found in the north-eastern of Thailand. However, the concept was used in the treatment of disease by professional and expert herbal healers. It is consistent through out the region
This study was conducted to investigate the ideal characteristics of husbands from the perspective of married women before and after marriage. Participants were 228 first-time married Thai women, aged
25-40 years, residing in Bangkok. All paticipants married Thai husbands and were issued legal marriage
licenses. They were categorized into three groups: (1) women married < 3 years (n = 00); (2) women
married for 3 to 5 years (n=54), and (3) women married more than 5 years (n=00). The survey employed
a questionaire for gathering information regarding the ideal characteristics of husbands.
Findings:
1. Among the top five ideal characteristics of husbands that the married women in all three groups
emphasized before and after marriage were (1) honesty/fidelity; (2) love, care, and understanding; and
(3) attention and care of family members.
2. After marriage, the ideal characteristics of husbands that were significantly less important before
marriage were as follows:
- Women married less than 3 years showed less concern about (1) looks; (2) figure; (3) physical
appearance; (4) manners, and (5) singles status;
- Women married 3 - 5 years showed less concern about (1) looks; (2) figure; (3) physical appearance;
(4) attractiveness; and (5) single status;
- Women married more than 5 years showed less concern about (1) looks; and (2) figure.
3. After marriage, the ideal characteristics of husbands that were significantly more important than
before marriage were as follows:
- Women married less than 3 years showed more concern about (1) looks and industriousness
toward work; and (2) occupation;
- Women married 3 - 5 years showed more concern about (1) Attention to and care of family
members;
- Women married more than 5 years did not show more concern about any characteristic.
4. After marriage, the ideal characteristcs of husbands that had not changed from before marriage in
all groups of married women were listed in descending order: (1) love, care, and understanding; (2) honesty/
fidelity; (3) general personality; (4) emotional stability; (5) relationship with husband’s family; (6)
self-responsibility; (7) morality; (8) relationship with wife’s family; (9) intelligence; (10) financial status;
(11) education; (12) age; (13) social status; (14) sexual activity; (15) leisure activity; and (16) virginity
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of “The Preparatory Program” on social and inappropriate
group behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Participants comprised
20 children with PPDs, randomized into two groups of 10 children each: one in the experimental
group, and the other in the control group. The Preparatory Program was used as a research instrument,
and t-test, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc methods were utilized for statistical analysis in this study. Results:
1. After participating in the Program, children in the experimental group showed a significant increase
in social behavior (t(9) = 7.060, p < 0.001) and had significantly more social behavior than the ones in
the control group (t(9) = 4.529, p < 0.001).
2. After participating in the Program, children in the experimental group showed a significant weekly
reduction of inappropriate crying behavior and inappropriate walking behavior only between week 1 and
4 with no continuous weekly reduction.
Health problems resulting from environmental issues have recently gained greater public and offficial
attention. One of these health problems is leukemia resulting from benzene exposure. This review article
collectively describes the results of a qualitative research study aimed at introducing policy recommendations
to solve environmental issues leading to health problems among people living near an industrial
zone. Benzene exposure was considered as a surrogate for such environmental issues.
The objectives of the study of “The management of Local (Sub-district) health security
fund in Pichit province 2008” were to explore financing situation, roles of committee in manage
fund, the implementation of diseases prevention and protection, monitoring, controlling and
evaluating system of the fund that relevant to objectives of the fund. The study conducted in 16
pilot local health security funds in Pichit between October 1st and May 31st 2009.
The results found that in the management system factor, sources of fund and collected
income trend to be decrease. The central government subsidy was trend to be increase. The
specific subsidy was slightly decrease meanwhile the others were stable. Proportion of health
financing was trend to be increase. Nevertheless, proportion of subsidy from National Security
Office was tren to be decrease, meanwhile the joining budget from local government and others
communities trend to be more increasing. Buget allocation from Local health security fund, Most
of it allocated to elderly then agegroup equal to and more than 25 years, 6-25 years, handicab, 0-6
years and pregnant weman respectively.
Most of expenditure by activities was paid for health care, health promotion, subsidised
to health facilities, funding management and mangement improving respectively. The commitee’s
opinion on level of performance found that it was in the fair, good and poor level equal to 44.70,
34.85 and 20.45 percent respectively. The differentiation of the perfomances between any local
health security funds found the significantly different at 0.01 (P-value < 0.01)
The differentiation of performances between different working positions found that it
was not sigificantly different. Only one local government that had strategic planning, it was
Tambol Thayium, Saklek district. Most of local plans and projects come from community and
sub-district forum, proposal from health worker and member of local government. There were a
few projects propsed by other sectors and organizations. The less implemented activities were
public communucation, and evaluation.
This project is a study of political process, both at the central and the local levels, in the evolution of the primary health care units from the Ministry of Public Health to the local administrative organizations. The result demonstrates irreconcilable visions on decentralization between the central and the local administrations. The central administration, in this case the Ministry of Public Health, proves reluctant to transfer its authority to the local administration, while the local administration grasps the new opportunities from the public health management. For the local administrative organizations, the health care management can be a valuable means to respond to the citizen’s needs which will significantly lead to secure the votes for the next elections. The health care service, thus, empowers the local administration although it apparently became an interest seeking for some local politicians.
In the process of public health evolution, obstruction and difficulties are found both at the central and the local levels. At the central administration, some difficulties are indicated as follows. (1) Although the decentralization process had been completed by the legal statement and organization structure, policies following the law were not implemented, thus, showing the failure of law enforcement even by the government agencies themselves. (2)  The central administration emphasizes more on the expertise and profession than the decentralization doctrines do. The Ministry of Public Health has long been recognized for its capability to keep the professional standard, therefore, the officers do not see the necessity of decentralization. (3) The decentralization process that is engendered at the central administration gives rise to a deadlock. That is because it is fundamentally impossible for the power holders, particularly at the central administration, to relinquish their power to the others. 
	From the 5 case studies at the local administration, the difficulties are evinced as follows. (1) The local administrative organizations lacks of autonomy. (2) The local administrations are facing politicians’ corruption which in return had become liability for decentralization although there are only some cases of corruptions. (3) The local administrative officers and elected officers do not have skill and knowledge in the public health care.

	However, this study discovers the distinguished dynamics at the local administration amid all those difficulties. Firstly, the way the local administrative organizations solve the particular issues at their localities is remarkable as this will lead to innovative governance. Secondly, the electoral politics makes accountability possible since the voters’ satisfaction became the focus of political power. Thirdly, despite some corruption cases, the local administrations are exposed to the challenge from the opponents and the civic groups alike. Eventually, all these dynamics will bring about better service providing by the local administrative organizations in the long term.
Climate change results mostly from the activities of humans whose numbers keep growing. One of
the negative impacts of climate change is global warming. Global warming has deleterious effects on the
environment, ecology, distribution of various diseases and their vectors; this will, in turn, negatively affect
humans. One of those diseases is cholera. The present article reviews the pathogen, its distribution,
epidemiology, and the effects of climate change over distribution of cholera via the following factors:
temperature, ENSO (El NiNo/Southern Oscillation), sea rise level and salinity level, eutrophication phenomenon,
and human activities related to shipping. The authors conclude with recommendations on
research to understand and mitigate the effects of climate change
Global temperatures have risen at a faster rate in the last 50 years than at any other time since
records began to be kept in 1850. The hydrologic cycle will be altered, since warmer air can retain more
moisture than cooler air. Some geographic areas will have more rainfall, some more drought and severe
weather events including heat waves and storms. The term “climate change” is now preferred over
“global warming.” Because of rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, increased burdens of
vector-borne and zoonotic diseases as well as water-borne diseases have been recognized. Infections of
dengue, chikungunya, malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease, plague, cholera, campylobacter and
salmonella cause emerging and re-emerging diseases. It is clear that climate change endangers human
health and that good systems for surveillance and preparedness are needed