plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
There was an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, in late December 2019, originated in Wuhan, China. The virus causes problems with the respiratory tract. The syndrome is called "COVID-19". The number of infections and mortality has increased in China within a few weeks after the first patient was discovered. The virus quickly spread globally, including in Thailand. Fortunately, Thailand has an excellent public health policy for handling the outbreak. So we could control the first wave of the epidemic by reduced the infection rate to zero for several months. However, the health systems research institute (HSRI) is looking forward to finding the research direction of COVID-19 for the country. Therefore, this project was funded to review the essential knowledge about the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 for HSRI. The review will be used as basic information for making a policy and manipulating COVID-19 granting in the future. The investigators reviewed the general knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 that was a causative agent of the COVID-19. The report is divided into five chapters, where Chapter 1 addresses the basic biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including taxonomy, virus structure, genome structure, viral proteins, and virus life cycle. Chapter 2 describes the diagnosis of infection by different test kits. The investigators have identified the key points of the different test kits, the limitations of the use of the diagnostic kits and their interpretation. Chapter 3 summarized all five major types of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents, which is currently used. The five grooups of antiviral drugs are (i) anti-enzyme activity of RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), (ii) protease inhibitor, (iii) anti-fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane, (iv) the antagonistic binding activity between the virus and host cell surface and receptors, and (v) anti-interleukine-6 receptor. Chapter 4 is focused on the immune system responding to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Chapter 5 will address the opinions of researchers, who are working on COVID-19 research over time of outbreak. The investigators wish the information of this report would be helpful for HSRI to be used in country policy-making for COVID-19 funding.
The objectives of this study are to develop Thai Human resources for health (HRH) core indicators including the data standardization and related organizations and to propose policy recommendations to establish these indicators. Indicators engage comprehensive health labour market framework; such as education and labour market dynamics. Study’s method includes literature reviews and key informant interview. Multi-stake holders committee under Ministry of Public Health is established to be a policy platform to implement this indicators. The result shows there are 17 HRH core indicators for Thailand categoried into 4 groups, 6 indicators for HRH production, 1 indicator related HRH professional registration, 9 indicators related to health labour market including distribution, retirement and retention and 1 indicator for unit cost on the health workforce production. In term of data completion of each indicator, this study shows that only 7 indicators, namely number of faculties and production capacity, graduation rate, rate of passing licensing examination, number of foreign-trained and foreign-born, accreditation system and continuous professional development system, are completed and ready to report. Data completeness and the linkage system between data source are the main problems to report the rest indicators. Three important measures recommended for policy makers to implement Thai HRH core indicators are 1) Strengthening HRH registry 2) Establishment HRH data platform among related sources and 3) Conducting systematic researches on HRH loss rate and unit cost of production.
Thailand is facing the dilemma of which groups to prioritise for the limited first tranche of vaccinations in 2021. A mathematical modelling analysis was performed to compare the potential short-term impact of allocating the available doses to either the high-risk group (over 65-year-olds) or the high incidence group (aged 20-39). Vaccinating the high incidence group with a vaccine with sufficiently high protection against infection (more than 50%) could provide enough herd effects to delay the expected epidemic peak, resulting in fewer deaths within the 12-month time horizon compared to vaccinating the same number of the high-risk group. After 12 months, if no further vaccination or other interventions were deployed, this strategy would lead to more deaths. With the right vaccine efficacy profile, targeting the high incidence groups could be a viable short-term component of the Thai vaccination strategy. These results and emerging evidence on vaccines and susceptibility suggest prioritisation guidelines should be more nuanced.
Objectives of this study are to (1) estimate fiscal space for universal health coverage (UHC) in Thailand, and (2) investigate the demand-supply gaps in health workers and develop microsimulation models to examine how to improve the allocation of health workers in the same areas. The study on health fiscal space found that the public budget for the Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS), when compared with the national goals of Sustainability, Adequacy, Fairness, and Efficiency (SAFE), tends to be neither sustainable nor adequate in the next ten years. This study also conducted quantitative analysis on three options to integrate the three schemes of UHC, which could reduce public budgets and improving fiscal efficiency. In addition, the political economy analysis indicates that there are possibilities to expand sources of funds such as earmarked VAT and tax reform for universal social welfare. The political movement is necessary to actualize the revenue and budget expansion. The study of area-based network allocation focuses on the hospitals under the Office of Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Public Health and extends to the public-private partnership analysis. The basic results show that healthcare networking combined the primary hospitals and the first--secondary and middle-secondary hospitals within each district could alleviate workforce shortage. Furthermore, the provincial networking of the secondary and tertiary hospitals with the private hospitals which provide inpatient service could not significantly reduce workload per worker at the national average. However, when considered by province, the public-private partnership could reduce workload per worker by 10% or more in major provinces.
The two main purposes of this research were to develop the health information system using GIS program and evaluated for migrant worker in Bueng Kan province. And the second was to use this database system for related work department. The program was evaluated by 2 group of quality staffs, 6 experts and 20 other relevant officers. The evaluated program was test in 4 areas: functional requirement test, function test, security test and usability test. The statistic uses for analyze the data were mean, standard deviation (SD). The results were as follows: 1. Functional requirement test was good with mean 3.90 and S.D. 0.32 2. Functional test: good with mean 3.89 and S.D. 0.49 3. Security test: good with mean 3.92 and S.D. 0.62 and 4. Usability test: good with mean 3.89 and S.D. 0.29 In Summary, that means this program was quite good enough to use as a main database of migrant worker for most related work department at a 95% confidence level.
A research study entitled “The Result of Capability Development of Language Coordinators' on Foreign Workers' Health Insurance, Chiang Rai Province” aims to provide foreign workers with access to health insurance by developing the capability of language coordinators on foreign workers health insurance and to provide foreign workers with knowledge of foreign labor health insurance. The samples were 120 language coordinators from Muang Chiang Rai District and Mae Sai District and a random survey of knowledge on foreign worker health insurance of 385 people. Survey tools used included general information query, before-after training knowledge quiz, knowledge evaluation form on foreign workers' health insurance, Supervising and tracking form as well as the collection of migrant worker’s health insurance registration statistics. Statistics used for analysis; descriptive statistics were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, the inferential statistics are t-test. The results of the study showed that the capability development of the language coordinators in health insurance for foreign workers in Chiang Rai: starting with the survey of the language coordinators with required qualifications and setting up training sessions according to health insurance guidelines of the Ministry of Public Health. Most of language coordinators were 20-29 years of age, male, primary education qualification, freelance workers with monthly income from 5,000-10,000 baht, and were language coordinators based in Thailand for 5-9 years. Before the training, the language coordinators had a low level of knowledge and after the training they have a high level of knowledge. The test scores before and after the training were significantly different with statistical significance at the level of .05 After the training, the language coordinators' performance was monitored and supervised with result indicating that the most seek-for-advice topics were the benefits of health insurance, rates, required documents for health examination and health insurance, change of medical facility eligibility according to work location, and verification of health insurance eligibility. For the registration of health insurance of migrant workers, it was found that more foreign workers registered for health insurance cards after the development of capability of language coordinators. In assessing the knowledge of foreign workers on health insurance with the support of the trained language coordinators, it was found that foreign workers had a moderate level of knowledge of health insurance. The results of the research can be used to guide the development of language coordinators in other areas of Thailand. As a result, migrant workers have more access to health insurance.
The purpose of this study was to develop a mobile application for standing work safety. The study process was divided into 3 steps including the determination of safe standing measures, the creating applications for standing work safety in the form of mobile application, and the trial programs created. The 180 standing workers participated in this study. Satisfaction and pain sensation in the calf and foot muscles were assessed after the trial run. The application can be installed through App Store in the IOS system and via the Play Store for Android users with the keyword "Safety Standing". The results of the study showed that the sample group was satisfied with the composition, and the usability of most programs is at a high level. After the trial run of the program, the feeling of calf pain was significantly reduced for 3 weeks and the sensation of foot pain was significantly reduced after just 1 week. Therefore, it can be concluded that the safety standing application in the form of a mobile phone application can help reduce pain in the calf and feet. As well as causing satisfaction in use that will result in the safety of the workers' standing.
This research is applied research and aims to improve the training course administration
of Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale (TDAS) in the context of secondary and tertiary health care services and develop prototype models for implementing TDAS tools for useable innovations. The trial was conducted in 13 secondary and tertiary health care services with a sample size of 382 children between the ages of 12 and 48 months with suspected autism, found that 317 cases, representing 82.98 percent, had autism. All multidisciplinary staff, were found to have a very good level of post-training administration skills. Additionally, children at risk of delayed development in Expressive language (EL), Receptive language (RL) and Personal and Social (PS) ,results indicated that a delay in one of these domains had a statistically significant proportion of autism greater than 0.5 at the .01 level. At the secondary and the tertiary level, the multidisciplinary health care service teams prioritize centralized policy, leadership of the hospital director, personnel, and the multidisciplinary team. A major obstacle to providing local autism services is the waiting time for diagnostic services, continuing therapy. As well as the awareness and collaborative participation of parents. This research suggests the Ministry of Public Health that to simplify and shorten the waiting time for diagnose a child with autism, the revision of the care mapping of early childhood care is needed. As a result of the revision, a child can access the treatment process 6-12 months sooner than the present system allows.
Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in Thailand due to the increased incidence in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections. From the study on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Thailand by using whole genome sequence analysis technique, Associate Professor Dr. Angkana Chaisprasert has discovered that there is a clonal outbreak strain in the Kanchanaburi Province (which is now referred to as the "MKR superspreader"). The MKR superspreader belongs to the Beijing family sequence type (ST) 10 genotype and is appeared to have a special ability to spread the infection when compared to that of other strains in Thailand. In this research, our team therefore aimed to identify the mycobacterial and host factors that contribute to the special ability of the MKR superspreader to transmit the infection better than other strains in Thailand. Since one of the main factors affecting the ability of Mtb to spread well from one patient to another depends on its ability to grow at a high rate in the host macrophages such that the host cells will die by necrosis, at which the bacteria will be released outside the cells. When the patient coughs or sneezes, the infectious aerosols will then transmit the Mtb to the other person. The higher the number of bacteria in the infectious aerosols, therefore, will increase the chance of infection to others. In this study, we hypothesized that the MKR superspreader has the special ability to transmit better than other strains because it has the ability to inhibit the defense mechanism of host cells resulting in high growth rate and causes the host cells to undergo necrosis. In year 1, we already confirmed that the MKR superspreader grew at a high rate in host macrophages and caused host cells to undergo necrosis when compared to the other strain. By conducting RNA-sequencing analysis, we also identifed host and mycobacterial genes that may contribute to the higher ability of the MKR superspreader to grow inside host macrophages and cause host cells to undergo necrosis. In year 2, we validated the expression of these genes by qRT-PCR as well as studied their function using the Crispr-dCas9 interference system (specifically developed for mycobacteria) and siRNA knockdown (for host cells) coupled with the phenotypic analysis. The results obtained led to the identification of new drug targets that can be further developed to be used to inhibit the infection by this strain in the future.
This research and development aimed: 1) to examine health literacy and health management situation
of older people with diabetic and hypertension; 2) to develop health literacy and health management
program for older people with diabetic and hypertension; 3) to assess the effectiveness of
health literacy and health management program for older people with diabetic and hypertension; and
4) to develop policy recommendations on health literacy and health management of older people with
diabetic and hypertension. The samples were 140 early older people for quantitative study, and 18
healthcare providers such as family medicine doctors, nurses in primary care cluster (PCC), province and
district public health offices. The 140 early older people were divided into 70 for experimental group
and 70 for control group to assess effectiveness of the program. Data on health literacy, health management, A1c, and blood pressure were analyzed by using descriptive statistic. Paired t-test was used to compare between pre and post intervention. Independent t-test was used to compare mean between
experimental and control group. Results: 1) The overall health literacy of the older people with diabetes
and hypertension at the PCC was found to be insufficient at 52.7% (n = 78) and sufficient at 44.3%
(n = 62), respectively. The health management scores were at moderate level (x ̅ = 2.15). The highest
score was the ‘continuing care’ (x ̅ = 2.53), followed by a moderate level of ‘stress management’ (x ̅ =
2.22), ‘drug use pattern’ (x ̅ = 2.13) and ‘food consumption behavior’ (x ̅ = 2.12). The ‘exercise’ had the
lowest mean score (x ̅ = 2.01). Regarding the effectiveness of health literacy program, the average A1c
in the experimental group was lower than the control group (p < 0.01). The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the experimental group was lower than the control group (p < 0.001). Likewise, the health management scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group (p < 0.001), as well as the health literacy score (p < 0.001). The PCC should consider applying this program in order to help older people and family to better control A1c and blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications.
This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The objectives were to determine the costs and formulate the cost function due to HIV and AIDS treatment from a provider perspective for the fiscal year 2018 at Phra Thong Kham Chaloem Phrakiat Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima province. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and costs. Stepwise multiple regression was employed to construct the cost function. Ninety-six patients with complete cost data were analyzed. Male and female was equal. More than sixty-nine percent aged higher than 40 years old (mean age 42 years). The total treatment cost was 1,652,314 baht, or an annual average of 17,212 baht per person. Based on the fitted regression model, the significant explanatory variables included drug resistance, the number of out-patient visits, age, and adherence to treatment. The model could explain fifty-seven percent of the cost (Sig. F<0.001). In conclusion, the present study provided a description of costs of HIV and AIDS treatment. It also explored factors affecting institutional costs. These data can assist financial and efficiency management.
The present study aimed to 1) illustrate the situations of intermediate care according to the Ministry
of Public Health’s policy. Seventeen healthcare facilities providing acceptable intermediate care to
patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI) were multi-stage sampled
from the Ministry of Public Health provider sampling frame of 897 hospitals. Questionnaire with item-objective
congruence index (IOC) of 0.6–1.00 was the tool used for data collection during September 2019
to March 2020. Electronic data related to inpatient intermediate care were alternative study data source.
The data were analyzed with descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential
statistics (median test, paired t-test, t-test, Pearson correlation). The findings showed that the selected
hospitals were divided based on service data into 3 groups: 1) intensive intermediate care services,
2) moderate intermediate care services, and 3) moderate intermediate care services with limited evidence
from questionnaire and individual inpatient data. The majority of patients were stroke. Group 1 community
hospitals had longer length of stay (LOS) than other groups in all 3 conditions; stroke 9.2 days, TBI
13.6 days and SCI 26.8 days. The average medical expense per visit for out-patients with SCI in the provincial
hospitals from group 1 was the highest; 30,458 baht. The average medical expense per visit for
in-patients with SCI in the hospitals from group 1 was the highest; 57,254 baht. The patients with SCI
from community hospitals in group 1 had the highest re-admission rate of 38.1 per cent. The Barthel
index (BI) at discharge was higher than on admission date for stroke (paired t- test(3,423) = 30.82, p < 0.01),
TBI (paired t-test(88) = 3.64, p < 0.01), and SCI (paired t-test(104) = 3.05, p < 0.01). The stroke patients in
group 1 hospitals showed better patient functional improvement by higher improvement in Barthel index
(IBI) than in group 2 hospitals (4.0 vs 1.8, independent t-test 3,381 = 12.51, p < 0.01). The medical expense
had positive correlation with LOS of 3 conditions (CSI r = 0.98, p < 0.01; TBI r = 0.53, p < 0.01 and stroke
r = 0.17, p < 0.01). The IBI of stroke had negative correlation with LOS (r = -0.044, p < 0.05) and with age
(r = -0.035, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the intermediate care with intensive rehabilitation to enhance
clinical effectiveness should be continuously supported.
The study aimed to project the health workforce requirements to provide long term care for the
dependent older people in Thailand. The descriptive study comprised 2 steps, primary and secondary
data collection and forecasting for health workforce requirements for the long term care services. Survey
conducted at 66 public and private long term care institutions and 130 care managers (CMs) looking
after home health care services. Self-administered questionnaires comprised questions in relation to
service provision, health workforce, quantity of services and time used were applied. The health need
method was used to project the health workforce requirements for home health care services and the
population ratio method was then employed to project the health workforce requirements for institutional
care. Health workforces included in the projection were: CM, nurses, doctors, physiotherapists,
social workers, nurse assistants and care givers (CGs). The results showed that when service utilization at
institutional care increased at 10-20% each year, the requirements for CM, nurses, physiotherapists,
doctors, social workers, nurse assistants and CG in 2030 would be 37,235-37,636; 29,520-30,499; 4,858-
5,260; 3,555-4,000; 338-740; 1,613-3,529; and 126,542 -134,312 respectively. Comparing to health workforce
supply of the whole country, it is likely that there would be a critical shortage of nurse and CM.