plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Situation of Alcohol Outlets 
abstract:Commercial availability and density of alcohol outlets are the factors influencing availability of alcohol and alcohol consumption. The objective of this study is to explore alcohol outlets situation and compliance with the Alcohol Control Laws in Thailand. Methods: There were 325 alcohol outlets from five provinces across Thailand joining in this study by multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was administered to gather demographic characteristics and type of alcohol outlets and alcohol license. This study found that there were high alcohol outlets densities in five provinces of Thailand. There were alcohol beverages in milk and coffee shops. Grocery store, kiosk selling herbal drink and mix shop had ever gotten alcohol license as alcohol outlet but their licenses were expired. Alcohol outlets business hours violations during morning, afternoon and evening prohibition periods were prevalent. Therefore, government or related agencies should seriously enforce the legislations and develop regulations related to control alcohol outlet density and set criteria of alcohol license for alcohol outlets owners in order to prevent and protect the health of children, youth and people in Thai society.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Retailer Factors Related to Tobacco Sale to Minors in Health Region 2 
abstract:Youth smoking remains to be a major public health problem of Thailand that partly as a result of a law violation of tobacco retailer in the sale of cigarettes to youth or minors. This research aimed to explore associated and predicting factors of retailer related to tobacco sale to minors in Health Region 2. Independent variables were based on previous systematic review and qualitative research. This study gathered data through questionnaires asking opinions of a sample of 658 tobacco retailers taken through a multi stage sampling in Health Region 2. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis. The findings revealed 58.7 percent of tobacco sale to minors. The associated and predicting factors of tobacco sale to minors included duration of performing the retailer occupation (ORAdj=2.099), motivation about revenues from tobacco sales. (ORAdj=2.620), defined a youth differed from the law (ORAdj=1.993), conforming to social norms regarding the sale tobacco to minors (ORAdj=2.955), selling individual cigarettes or small packages (ORAdj=11.504), selling tobacco by self-service (ORAdj=3.825), facilitating customers to buy and smoke cigarette (ORAdj=2.392), and not asking buyer age before selling tobacco (ORAdj=1.734). The independent variables have a predictive value of 67.2 percent of the variance (Pseudo R2 = 0.672) in the behavior of selling tobacco to minors. These findings suggested that government agencies involved should strictly enforce the law in particular the ban on selling individual cigarettes or small packages and selling tobacco by self-service, together with enhancing retailer understanding on the content of tobacco control law.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 0 source: HSRI 
title: Potential Benefits and Risks from Medicalisation and Legalisation of Cannabis 
abstract:Cannabis is traditional plant that contains psychoactive substances, which have several risks and benefits. By law many countries (including Thailand) probihited the use of cannabis, and included it in the narcotic or addictive substance list. Between 2015 and 2016, there were massive campaigns from both public and private agencies urging an amendment of the Narcotics Act B.E. 2522 (1979) to withdraw cannabis from the narcotic drug list. This report therefore sought to review the current situation regarding the use of cannabis for medical purposes in various aspects, as well as cannabis legalisation from foreign experience (using Netherlands, United States, and Uruguay as case studies). The main data collection technique is literature review on electronic databases, namely, Medline. The findings show that most studies on cannabis were limited to laboratory work. Though there were some clinical trials on humans, the majority of them still had a small number of participants comparing clinical effects of cannabis with placebo. Concerning foreign experiences, the scope of cannabis medicalisation varies substantially; from extracting medical substances in cannabis to treat patients that did not respond to conventional treatments, to using cannabis for recreational activities. Some countries implemented decriminalisation measures. The openness of cannabis policies in many countries had some similar approaches: (1) the revision of cannabis related laws was gradually made over time, and (2) there were several measures implemented in parallel to prevent cannabis use in the way that deviates from original policy intentions. If the Thai government aims to implement policies vis-à-vis the utilisation of cannabis, it is imperative to distinguish medicalisation issue from legalisation issue to avoid misperceptions in the society. The Thai government should assess its capacity in regulating the use of cannabis before introducing cannabis-medicalisation/legalisation policies.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Identifying Important Factors Impacting the Adoption of New Vaccines in Thailand by Using a Best-Worst Scaling 
abstract:The introduction of new vaccines depends on various criteria, including policies, clinical guidelines and economic considerations. Various stakeholders have differing criteria they view as important in selecting vaccines into a national immunization program. The present study aimed to identify factors impacting the adoption of new vaccines from the perspective of policy makers, healthcare professionals and healthcare administrators. The vaccine attributes identified from a literature review and semi-struc¬tured interviews were categorized into burden of disease, age group, budget impact, fever from vaccine, severity of disease, vaccine effectiveness and cost of vaccine. Main-effects orthogonal design was used to identify 18 profiles. Then a postal survey was conducted among policy makers, healthcare profes-sionals and healthcare administrators. Respondents were asked to choose the most important and the least important choices in each profile. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate importance weights of attribute levels, and then relative attribute importance was calculated. A total of seventy respondents completed the questionnaires (a 55% response rate), including 11 policy makers, 26 health¬care professionals, and 33 healthcare administrators. The attributes listed by all groups as being the most important for new vaccine adoption were severity of disease (35.9%), fever from vaccine (16.7%) and burden of disease (13.5%), respectively. Policy makers and healthcare professionals listed severity of disease (35.0% and 35.9%), fever from vaccine (22.9% and 17.0%) and burden of disease (14.8% and 15.3%) as the most important, respectively; whereas healthcare administrators listed severity of disease (32.5%), budget impact (15.1%) and fever from vaccine (15.0%) as the most important, respectively. New vaccines with high protection targeting severe disease in young children have a greater chance of being selected by respondents in the present study. The findings reveal the importance of attributes from public healthcare workers and will be useful for policy development of new vaccine adoption.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Lessons Learned from Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: Implication on Tobacco Control in Thailand 
abstract:The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) is a comprehensive model of regional trade and investment agreement. As a complex and comprehensive new generation of trade agreement, tobacco industry or transnational tobacco companies would employ TPP to interfere with tobacco control policy and law of the State Parties. The State Party may not adopt the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) with respect to claims challenging a tobacco control measure; however, such exception provision covers only the investment chapter. In sum, some of TPP’s provisions may have negative impact on tobacco control in Thailand and tobacco industry may not comply with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) or threaten the government by claiming the litigation or trade disputes in order to undermine tobacco control measures.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: The Development of Thai Mental Health Casemix Classification (TMHCC) Version 3 
abstract:Mental health service is an important health service system with increasing resource consumption due to social and economic changes. The objective of this study was to develop Thai Mental Health Casemix Classification (TMHCC) for inpatient payment method. This research and development employed 4 steps to develop TMHCC: 1) standard data identification, 2) data collection and edit, 3) cost calculation 4) classification, calibration and evaluation. Eighteen hospitals with inpatient beds for psychiatric care and 2015 top-down cost accounting data joined the study organized by the Department of Mental Health. Data for TMHCC development included administrative data, clinical data, resource uses and mental problems. The Thai version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) and the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales for Child and Adolescent mental health (Thai-HoNOSCA) were used for adult and children psychiatric assessment. Prospective data collection was conducted in the second half of fiscal year 2016. The total inpatient data for classification were 15,417 cases. The statistics to explain performance of the TMHCC were coefficient of variation (CV) for homogeneity of cases within each group and the reduction in variance (RIV) for overall performance of the casemix classification. Results: TMHCC classification provided 39 disease groups (34 for adult and 5 for children). The highest number of adult cases was for Schizophrenia, Age <= 50, with cognitive problems, with problems from reactive/aggressive/ agitated behavior (2,088 cases, 17.1% of all cases). About 83.4% of children patients were grouped into Other Child Psychiatric Conditions (2,463 cases). Mental Health Disease, Ongoing type had the highest cost per admission (200,817 Baht) and Mental Health Disease, Same-day type had the lowest cost per admission (590 Baht). The result of CV on cost showed that only one group had CV higher than 100%. Most TMHCCs had high homogeneities within groups. The results also confirmed good overall performance of TMHCC that RIV on cost after the classification was as high as 39.9%. Moreover, RW of TMHCC better predicted cost than RW of the current Thai DRG version 5. In summary, the performance of this casemix is good enough based on homogeneity within groups and high heterogeneity of resource uses between groups. Recommendations: The payment based on TMHCC was an option for payment. However, payers should prepare budget for psychiatric inpatient care benefit package that needed longer stay service in hospital than acute inpatient. Moreover, mental health measurement data should be put into addition¬al routine electronic databases of all hospitals that provided care to psychiatric inpatients.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Evaluation of Laboratory Quality and Service Standard in Primary Care Unit According to Ministry of Public Health Standard 2014-2016 
abstract:The quality and primary care standard system (PCS) is consisted of eight main topics with a checklist of 40 items. PCS has been used as guidelines to implement and organize service systems and develop the laboratory work of the primary care units to meet quality and service standards. This study aimed at collecting and analyzing data in order to sort the frequency of unmet quality requirements of 7,452 primary care units (80.89%) assessed by network laboratories in fiscal years 2014 – 2016. The highest nonconforming requirement was Item 3 concerning the unavailability/insufficiency of materials, solutions and instruments at primary care units (such as blood glucose test with glucometer, pregnancy test, urine strip test for glucose and protein and hematocrit). The findings of this study revealed areas for improving quality and primary care standards. In addition, involved agencies should use the data to formulate policies and guidelines for improving quality and service standards focusing on the parts that the primary care units were unable to accomplish in order to improve the quality of the laboratory services at the primary care units. This will result in a decrease of service congestion at major hospitals in addition to promoting efficient treatment, prevention and disease control.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Quality of Medicines in Thailand: 15 Years of Data from the Quality Assurance of Medicines Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health 
abstract:Substandard medicines have a great impact on health systems. For example, they can engender drug resistance, adverse effects, drug toxicity, increase mortality and morbidity, etc. As a result, a larger budget is needed for longer healthcare treatment, while health personnel lose confidence in drug qual-ity monitoring and generic drugs. This study employs a descriptive retrospective design. It aims to analyze the database of test results from the Quality Assurance of Medicines Program, which was operated by the Department of Medical Sciences between the fiscal years of 2002 to 2016. The international pharma-copoeia, for example, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) or British Pharmacopoeia (BP), were used as reference standards. The findings revealed that 428 government hospitals voluntarily sent medicine samples to the Quality Assurance of Medicines Program. The total number of modern medicine samples was 572 items or 16,212 samples. The number of substandard samples decreased from 19.0% in 2002 to 0.8% in 2016. Based on the latest 3-year data, 2.9% of domestic generic drugs failed the standard specifications, whilst 0.9% of imported drugs failed. Dissolution and content of active ingredients were the most common issues found. The corresponding organizations in pharmacovigilance and pharmaceutical manufacturing, for ex¬ample, the Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA), the Department of Medical Sciences (DMSc), the Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO), and the Thai Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associ¬ation (TPMA) should cooperate to monitor and improve the quality of domestic generic drugs in order to achieve greater confidence in using domestic generic drugs while also making budget savings. This could also strengthen the domestic pharmaceutical industry and enhance national drug security.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Factors Associated with the Use of Hearing Aids in People with Hearing Loss under the Universal Health Coverage Scheme 
abstract:Hearing aids can rehabilitate hearing and improve communications abilities of people with hearing loss for efficient daily living. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with hearing aids use by analyzing data obtained from a survey conducted. The survey sample comprised 380 people with hear-ing loss who received hearing aids under the Universal Health Coverage scheme (UHC) from 2005-2015 in five provinces: Phayao, Samut Prakan, Chonburi, Khon Kaen, and Songkhla. The data were collected via interviews based on a questionnaire. Of the 200 people interviewed in the community, it was found that internal factors such as gender, age, occupation, and economic status were not significant factors related to usage. However, users who were satisfied with their hearing aids significantly used their hearing aids more than those who were not satisfied (adjusted OR = 3.99, 95% CI; 1.09-14.67, p-value = 0.037), and users who came for follow-ups significantly used their hearing aids more than those who did not (adjusted OR = 2.60, 95% CI; 1.22-5.53, p-value = 0.013). Thus, the National Health Security Office should provide hearing aids with improved follow up system to ensure appropriate use of hearing aids as well as to prevent discontinuation of use in the future.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Hearing Aid Use in People with Hearing Loss under the Universal Coverage Scheme and the Recommendations for Hearing Aid Provisional Services 
abstract:In Thailand, people with hearing impairment under the Universal Coverage scheme (UCS) are entitled to having hearing aid free of charge from accredited hospitals. This cross-sectional survey aims to describe the situation regarding hearing aid usage and economic loss from discontinuing usage of hearing aid in people with hearing impairment under the UCS. Data were collected from 364 persons in five provinces (Phayao, Khon Kaen, Chonburi, Samut Prakan, and Songkhla) through face-to-face structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. The results showed that 54% of the sample experienced improvement in quality of life and 39% were satisfied with hearing aid use. Out of the 164 persons who were interviewed at hospitals, three stopped wearing hearing aid. For the 200 persons who were interviewed in the community, 29% stopped hearing aid use, to whom 50% used for less than one year. The most common reasons for discontinuing usage were high background noises and faulty devices. The economic loss from discontinuing usage up to third year was estimated to be 19.4 million baht. For subjects who were still using the hearing aid, 71% wore the hearing aid daily for 9 hours on average, whereas 44% occasionally wore approximately 3-4 days a week for four hours per day. For persons who used hearing aid with zinc-air battery, around 1-2 batteries were used per month, costing 65-96 baht a month. 43% stated that the cost of batteries was a burden as they were only able to pay approximately 32 baht per battery. Therefore, the National Health Security Office should: 1) set up a follow-up system for hearing aid users; 2) provide training or guideline to hearing aid users, their relatives, and primary care unit officer regarding the service, procedure of treatment, and basic maintenance of hearing aid; 3) set up mobile service for hearing aid maintenance in community; 4) support zinc-air battery in order to match the ability to pay of users and increase distribution channels to sell hearing aid battery; and 5) raise the awareness to hearing aid users and their relatives regarding the government subsidized cost of hearing aid.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2017 source: HSRI 
title: Development of health management model for Thai-Melayu elderly with hypertension based on community participation in Southern Thai culture 
abstract:This research and development aims to study current situations and associated factors of health
management and needs for model development in health management among the Thai-Melayu elderly
living in the South of Thailand. The participation action research (PAR) was conducted using qualitative
and quantitative research. The sample of 149 participants recruited into the study were 33 elderly people
being diagnosed with hypertension, 33 care givers of those elderly, and those who involved in the care
for those elderly including 2 health public officers taking care of the patients with hypertension, 3 health
public offices working for the Sub-district Administration Organization (SAO), 3 political members of SAO,
20 religious leaders, 10 village leaders, and 45 village health volunteers. The interviews and focus groups
were used for collecting. The content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.
Finding revealed that the needs and community participation in health management in Thai-
Melayu elderly with hypertension included; 1) religious leaders providing health education for the elderly
people, 2) visiting home by the religious leaders to encourage the elderly patients, 3) health education
for the community to reduce sweet, salty, and fatty foods 4) providing the place for exercise, 5) setting-up
the home visit system by village health volunteers , and 6) having a village leader to carry-on the
activities for elderly in the community.
Based on the qualitative data, the researchers developed the guideline to promote health
management among the elderly having hypertension and found that post intervention, the average score
of health management, at higher level, (X = 4.30 S.D = 1.08) was higher than that of pre-intervention
(X = 3.87 S.D = 1.21), at the same higher level. However, it also discovered that the lowest average scores
were found in the following dimensions: reducing high fat diet, and deep-fried foods or stir-fried meals
X= 2.4 S.D= 1.29, X= 3.26 S.D = 1.46, respectively.
The results showed that after receiving health management the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were also significant lower than pre-receiving the health management at
the level of P< 0.001 and P< 0.05 respectively but there was no significant difference in body weight,
waistline, and body mass index (BMI).
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2018 source: HSRI 
title: Evaluation of the Devolved Health Centers: Synthesis Lesson Learnt from 51 Health Centers and Policy Options 
abstract:The devolution of health centers to Local Government Units (LGUs) in Thailand has been one of the many tools that the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) used in its healthcare decentralization policy. Fifty-one out of 9,787 health centers have been devolved since 2007. This study aimed to (1) understand devolution process; (2) evaluate outcomes of the devolution; (3) analyze strengths, weaknesses, enabling factors, and threats of the devolution of health centers in Thailand and (4) make policy recommendations on the provision of primary health care that fits with the Thai context. The study employed qualitative and quantitative approaches consisting of literature review, data analyses of four selected quality indicators and self-administered questionnaires by health personnel at devolved health centers, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions in four representative provinces.
The study showed that the rates of screening for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cervical cancer in devolved health centers were lower than those in non-devolved health centers (p-value = 0.0400, 0.0438, and 0.0000 respectively). The analysis found no statistically significant result for the rate of early access to antenatal care (p-value = 0.1974).
The findings from 41 questionnaires suggested that budgets, medical supplies and equipments, and facilities in devolved health centers were sufficient although some health centers still lacked adequate health personnel. Some devolved health centers could extend the range of their medical services. 75.61 percent of the respondents reported that quality of care and responsiveness were improved after the devolution. The short chain of command between LGUs and devolved health centers could contribute to less bureaucratic management but might also involve local politics. Although the relationship between devolved health centers and Public Health Organizations remained close after the devolution, only 19 devolved health centers reported to have routine audit by Public Health Organizations. Seven respondents indicated they would prefer to move back to MOPH. Lastly, it was reported that the devolution process lacked the participation from people and frontline health personnel.
Successful healthcare decentralization requires clearer devolution policy and supportive laws and regulations from the government. The MOPH should maintain its roles of supervision and regulation in all devolved health centers and collectively address any arising challenges with the LGUs. The devolution of health centers should maintain within the LGUs with sufficient capacities and people participation must be strongly promoted.