plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Health security survey 2000 
abstract:Health Security Survey 2000The objectives of the surveyTo survey the type of universal coverage of the sample group of Thai populationTo survey an opinion, understanding and expectation of the sample population to the Universal Coverage PolicyTo survey the recommendation of the sample population for the Universal Coverage PolicyThe survey mainly included the experiences of the sample population with and without health security; the opinion, understanding, and expectation of the sample population to the universal coverage policy; as well as the recommendation for the universal coverage policy.  The survey was carried out using an explorative research to determine sample size, collect data, synthesize and analyze the results in order to achieve the objectives.The survey results were divided into 3 parts as follows.General description of the sample groupPattern of illness/behavior and problems associated with health care.The survey showed that 29.3% and 44.8% of the sample group had family members who sought health care services in 1999 and 2000 respectively while 22.0% had no family member who sought health care services.  The ratio of the family members of the sample group to the right for healthcare cover indicated that 31.2% had no right, 30.6% had the right for for only some family members, and 38.2% had the right for for all family members.Opinion to the universal coverage policy.  The survey indicated that the majority or 93.7% agreed that the government should provide universal coverage of healthcare and services to the public, while 4.3% disagreed and 2.0% had no comment.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Cooperation between public organizations and local administrative organizations in Haadyai and Banpru metropolitan before decentralization 
abstract:Cooperation between public organisations and local administrative organisations in Haadyai and Banpru metropolitan before decentralisation	Health care administration by local administrative oragnisations or cooperation with public health organisations were feasible particularly large areas like Muang district. The local administrative organisations received health budgets not correspondent with local health problems while the public facilities under the Ministry of Public Health did. Therefore, the local organisations could then be networked with the hospitals. 	It is recommended that:Initially, public health budget be administered by the Provincial Committee for Health which should have representatives from local administrative organisations, Health budget be given to local administrative body for developing health funds providing opportunity for community involvement,Local administrative organisations be able to provide health care which is not complicated and easily monitored but effective for building health for example vaccination, school health program, condom use promotion, exercise and nutritional campaign.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1996 source: HSRI 
title: The impact of paying health personnel by fee-for-service and non-private-practice allowances 
abstract:The impact of paying health pesonnel by fee-for-serviceand non-private-practice allowanceThis research is to evaluate the impact of these  implementations among regional/general/community hospitals. Four research methods were applied to answer different research objectives. Analysis of reported data to the Provincial  Hospital and the Rural Health Divisions was to see the impact on hospital financial liquidity. Postal, self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out in 17 provinces to study  attitude towards non-private-practice allowance including fee-for-service pay. Qualitative research techniques, ie focus group discussions and indepth interviews were carried out in 4 provinces to focus mainly on fee-for-service pay but also included other payment schemes. A before and after case-review was carried out to compare quality of care provided to 3 tracer conditions in 5 hospitals. The overall result suggest that financial liquidity of the hospitals was not affected by the implementation of the payment schemes, although the hospitals had to pay a higher percentage of their revenue for their personnel. In 1991, they paid 7-11 percent of the hospital revenue for their personnel and in 1995, up to 20-30 percent of the revenue. Fee-for-service pay got the highest share (more than 60 percent) of the total payment categories and increased productivity especially the number of extra-office-hour surgcical operations. Non-private-practice allowance increased job satisfaction amongst those who did not work in private sector but caused the feelings of unfair treatment among those who were ineligible. Moral hazard of providers occurred in both schemes but was more frequently observed in the fee-for-service scheme. Management system played a minimal role in safeguarding medical ethics.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Set up public scoping for investigation of possible health impacts from the Wieng Haeng mining project 
abstract:This study was aimed to set up public scoping for investigation of possible health impacts from the Wieng Haeng mining project, using the participatory approach from public and other stakeholders. Results from literature review on possible health impacts, and data on the living styles of the affected community were used to identify the possible health impacts. Public and other stakeholders were allowed to join the study and provide suggestions for public scoping. It was found that there were four aspects of possible health impacts: physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. Physical health impacts were: 1) Accidents and injuries from mining and transportation 2) Effects from noise 3) Diseases and effects from air pollution 4) Diseases and effects from water pollution  5) Effects from explosion 6) Labor migration and communicable diseases. Mental health impacts were expected from 7) Stress and anxiety. Social health impacts were likely from: 8) Effects to community life style 9) Effects from community migration and resettlement 10) Effects from depletion of forest and agriculture land. Spiritual health impacts were likely from  11) Effects from aesthetic changes and loss of loyalty to and connection with the locality  and 12) Effects from losing their spiritual haven.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2002 source: HSRI 
title: Sustainable universal health coverage : household met need 
abstract:Universal health coverage is one important policy recommendation by the World Health Organisation to governments in both developed and developing countries.  Thailand was ambitious in setting the target to achieve this policy nationwide only a year after the majority vote victory in 2001 by putting up the 30 baht medical care policy.  This research was to document the policy processes at the central and provincial levels during the first year of implementation, and to measure the impact of the policy at household level.  The ultimate aim was to recommend on how to make the policy sustainable.This study employed three research methods in order to complement each other.  The documentary reviews and qualitative methods were used to describe policy processes at the national and provincial levels, and outlined impacts of such implementations on health delivery systems.  The third method employed a full-scale household health interview survey to measure policy impacts at household level.  Four provinces were purposively selected from 21 piloted provinces since April 2001 and June 2001.  In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were the main qualitative methods used with top executives, policy makers, and providers.  Household surveys consisted of about 1,000 households in each province.  It was revealed that the designs of the systems for pilot provinces in April and June 2001 were the day-to-day management style, whereas the decisions for full implementation since October 2001 have been a monthly management.  Unstable policy decisions created turbulence till the end of 2001.  The implementation of the policy at the ministry level faced with the discontinuity of capable responsible officers.  Policy implementations at provincial level were critically at risk under the leaderships of provincial chief medical officers and provincial hospital directors.  It seemed that provinces applying an inclusive outpatient-inpatient capitation budget faced additional risks on substandard quality of care by under referrals with the coincidence of weak leaderships.  Household surveys revealed that the policy was highly supported by both the rich and the poor.  Thai citizens have shifted from their libertarian views to slightly egalitarian views in reducing social policies, that discriminate the rich and the poor.  When compared among three main health benefit schemes (civil servant medical benefit, social security and the 30 baht scheme), the 30 baht still faced with low compliance rates (use of their health benefits when they seek medical care) for both outpatient and inpatient services.  However, the poor families complied at a higher rate than the rich, which means that the policy has at least achieved its main objective.  Comparing equity of financing by out-of-pocket expenditure, the 30 baht scheme was inferior to the social security scheme in protecting the lower income families from financial burden of seeking health care.  To attain sustainable coverage, recommendations on managing supply side are crucial.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1999 source: HSRI 
title: Directly observed therapy, short-course(DOTS) in Thailand 
abstract:Thailand’s Historical Development of TBs Control by DOTs(Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course)The DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course is one of the alternatives considered most efficient and supported by most international health organisations including WHO. The DOTs are composed of processes of patient identification, diagnosis, short-course medication, directly observed treatment, management for drug sufficiency, quality control in lab, training and supervision, situation adjustment and public commitment for TB control. DOT is one of these potentially performed by health officials, health volunteers, community leaders and family members. Training for the DOT was started since 1996 in Thailand. In the end of 1998, 299 districts (34.1%) had the DOT program which was problematic in quality due to a number of people performing the program without being trained. The most observers were family members (47.6% - 100%). The supervision by provincial and district tuberculosis coordinators was irregular resulting in poor evaluation which was likely to assess quantity preferable to quality of the program. The patients who were registered between October 1995 and January 1998 were randomly sampled for sputum testing in every 4 months showing negative result in percentage of 79.65, 80.1%, 80.0%, 73.4% and 77.6% respectively. 	Problems of running the DOTs program in Thailand were lack of concern in people at policy administrative level, lack of interests in people who were potential to be effective observers leading to low number of people attending training course, shortage of coordination and supervision at all levels to support the DOTs, and lack of effective information system. This paper recommends establishment of research network to increase positive impact on policy direction and to develop models suitable for particular areas.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2004 source: HSRI 
title: Rhinosinusitis Registry in Thailand 
abstract:Problems Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a common disease in Thailand and still has problems in the diagnosis and treatment. It is one of the most expensive diseases since a lot of investigations and antibiotics have been prescribed to treat this disease. It has also been shown to impair patients’ quality of life and, if not treated properly, may lead to orbital and/ or intracranial complication or development of chronic sinusitis. The data of this disease is quite limited in Thailand since it has not been studied systematically before. Objectives To investigate the natural history, clinical manifestations, practice variation of use of various instrument in the diagnosis, precipitating factors, the expense of investigation and treatment especially antibiotic, and complication of RS in Thailand. Methodology During April 2003 to May 2004, we performed a prospective study on 735 patients with acute (n=569) and subacute RS (n=43), recurrent acute RS (n=73), and acute exacerbation of chronic RS (n=47) recruited from Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Department of 7 medical schools in Thailand. Results Seven hundred and thirty-five patients with RS were recruited in this study with the mean age of 34.1 years. The majority of patients’ age ranged from 20 to 50 years. There were 275 male (37.4%) and 460 female (62.6%). The average follow-up visits were 3 times. The most common clinical manifestations of RS are rhinorrhea (42.1%), followed by nasal congestion (38.6%), postnasal drip (32.3%), and facial pain (32.2%). ENT physicians used nasal speculum (91%), nasopharyngeal mirror (88%), otoscope (25%), and nasal endoscopy (11%) in the diagnosis of RS. Plain film paranasal sinus (PNS) and CT PNS were ordered in 17% and 1.6% of cases, respectively. Pus and/ or sinus tissues were sent for microbiological culture and sensitivity test in 30% of cases. The most common precipitating factors of RS is acute viral upper respiratory tract infection (62%). The majority of patients (98.6%) received medical treatment. Four percents of cases required surgical intervention. Complication was found in 11% of cases. Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid is the most common antibiotic prescribed (31.5%), followed by amoxicillin (21.6%). Ninety-five percent of patients had favorable outcomes. Antibiotics account for the majority of the expense (74%) in the treatment of RS. Conclusion and recommendation Sinusitis is a costly disease, which needs more attention to reduce the cost of diagnosis and treatment. The Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) of diagnosis and treatment of RS have been developed recently. This CPG aimed to optimize the use of expensive and unnecessary investigation and to help physician in prescribing the proper treatment, either medical or surgical. The cost effectiveness of the practice according to these guidelines should be thoroughly studied before being implemented for nationwide use.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2002 source: HSRI 
title: Civil society processing for public hospitals reform at district level 
abstract:Civil Society Proceeding for Public Hospitals Reform at District Level	This study was conducted in collaboration  in the search of excellence community hospital for the whole community, strategic partnership was apppraached through all media channels and also direct marketing by sending 7,771 letters to all sectors at all levels for help proposing a delighted community hospital.  Voluntary basis of the hospitals was concerned.	Self-assessment report by executives (60 applied-hospital: 503 non applied) and core personnel (725: 1185), and external evaluation by district health officers (652:1078) and community leaders (225:334) were used in combination including  double teams sites at the end.  Eighty four out of 714 hospitals were proposed a champion, 60 hospitals joined, and 23 were defined as highly effective, 5 entered the third round, and were distinct performance.	The study results revealed that, community hospitals took care of 41 millon people and covered 90.26 percent of all districts with doctor per population 1:19,038; and 32.89% morbidity rate was found with average 2.67 visits per patient.  Increasing trend of inpatient admission and bed used were indentified.  Financial stability was assumed through revenue and expense ratio and current ratio. Most of critical success factors(CSFs) and key performance indicators(KPIs), showed higher mean scored rating by applied group than those non applied with statistical significant differences.  However, community problem-solving and involvement activities had low mean scores for both groups.  Effective coordination and good image were recognized by district health officers and community leaders except rating for participation in health service organization as low.  Those applied hospital were received higher mean scores than non applied significantly.	In conclusion, responses of civil society were fair as the existing circumstance, and high active response from health sector at all levels particularly community hospitals.  At least 23 hospitals showed strong leadership for pursuing development and act as role models.  Stage for sharing their visions, experiences, and success result should be available for continuous learning and deployment.  Community or comprehensive health care accreditation should also be institutional at national level.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Reformation of health insurance management in Thailand 
abstract:This research project has three main objectives. The first objective is to analyze and assess the health insurance problems, resulting from a lack of national health insurance policy. The second objective is to propose a model for health insurance policy coordination and management system in order to achieve universal coverage. The last objective is to provide the appropriate measures, including policies, law, organizations, as well as plans,  to implement a model of health insurance policy coordination and management system. The measures should have sufficient details for the policymakers so that they can make an effective decision.	This  is a policy research that searches for information necessary to set up alternatives of health insurance policy for policymakers. In addition, this research is an action research. That is, it focuses on pragmatic results.	The study employs both  qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research sample consists of four groups : policymakers, top executives, managers of health service providers, and rural community leaders. Two types of sampling techniques are used in combination:   purposive sampling and snowball sampling. 	Various  kinds of data collection are used such as reviewing literature, indepth-interviewing, focus group, brain-storming, public workshop, and self-administered questionaires.  Data compiled is analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative methods.	Research findings are as follow:	First, there are three main problems to the current health insurance system.There is limited stakeholders awareness regarding the policy formulation of universal health Insurance.   	2.) The  coverage   of   health   insurance  in  Thailand  is  to  only  about  eighty percent of Thai     	     citizens,   whereas  about  twenty  percent  of  them  are  not  covered  by  any kind of health   	     insurance  schemes. Besides, there are overlapping   target population  among  the  various 	     kinds  of  health  insurance  schemes. Therefore,  in  reality,  the  figure  of  health  insurance   	     coverage is less than eighty percent.   	3.) Problems  of  equity  and  justice  of  health  care services directly affect the quality of health    care services.	Second, the study proposes a model for health insurance policy coordination and management system in order to achieve universal coverage (Fig. 4.2, page 82). The model recommends the establishment of the Office of the Board of National Health Insurance and the Provincial Health Insurance Offices. The Office of the Board of National Health Insurance is an agency under the administration of central government.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: A study of collective opinions regarding some aspects of childcare center management in Thailand 
abstract:A Study of Collective Opinions Regarding someAspects of Childcare Center  Management in ThailandThe objectives of this study were to find  collective opinions about childcare centers services regarding the following: 1) purposes of childcare centers and goals of child development, 2) the main organization responsible for coordinating childcare centers, 3) roles of community, private organization, and government  in childcare centers services, and 4) activities for quality control and evaluation of  childcare centers services.Sample consisted of  four groups of  people. The first group consisted of academics, politicians,  chief executives of  private  and governmental organizations  providing childcare services.  The  second group consisted of officials coordinating between central  government  and local organizations providing the services in Chiengmai, Khonkan, Songhkla, Chonburi, and Bangkok.  The third group consisted of  workers  at  childcare centers from top level such as heads of schools to bottom level such as care providers.  The last group consisted of  parents of children at the childcare centers.  The total subjects were 1,663.	There was a  collective agreement on the purposes of the childcare centers.  They  were  to promote the correct practices of child development ,and to provide basic social habit training for children.  The results showed also the collective agreement  on goals of  child development for the 0-3, and 3-6 years children.  These  were  good physical health, balance  of psychological, emotional, and social development, and happiness. Moreover  creative thinking  was selected as child development goal for the 3-6 years old children.  As a result, we recommended that the government should  take  actions in  collecting ideas from experts and practitioners on standard of practices for childcare centers in order to achieve the above purposes and goals.  At the same time childcare centers,  related organizations, the general public, and other stakeholders should  be informed.  Their roles and functions should also be identified.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Detecting adverse events in hospitalitzed patient in Thailand : Recommandations from a pilot study 
abstract:Adverse events can cause huge damages to both patients and hospitals financially and socially. Countries are seeking ways to resolve the problems. To do so, the first step of any institutional actions should be the development of procedures and tools to efficiently detect and monitor adverse events.ObjectivesTo study the reliability and validity of the methods for screening and detecting 	adverse events used by the Harvard Medical Practice Study when applied in ThailandTo estimate incidence, and distributions of adverse events among hospitalized patients in Thailand MethodsThis was a descriptive study. 400 cases were randomly selected from computerized medical records kept in CD-ROM of the Office of Social SecurityA three - step medical record (chart) review by 4 trained nurses and 3 physicians was employed. The procedures were adapted from the methods used by the Harvard Medical Practice Study.ResultsThe agreement of screening process among the nurses and a physician was low  (Kappa = 0.34, 95% C.I. of Kappa = 0.24  to 0.43,  Sensitivity  =  70.23 %,   Specificity  =  66.27 %, Positive predictive value  =  51.69  %, Negative predictive value  =   81.25 %).The agreement of the 2 physicians in detecting the occurrence of adverse events was also low (Kappa = 0.393, 95% C.I. of Kappa = 0.25 - 0.53). The incidence of adverse events was 9.1 per cent (95 % C.I. = 6.19  ถึง  11.94 ). 71.4 % of adverse events occurred were considered preventableConclusions	The reliability of the procedures to screen and detect adverse events in hospitalized patients applied in the study was low. Therefore, studies to improve the reliability of the procedure are needed.