plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1999 source: HSRI 
title: Evolution of Thailand's HIV/AIDS prevention and alleviative National Programme 
abstract:Evolution of Thailand's HIV/AIDS  Preventive and Alleviative National ProgrammedObjectives : To study evolution of Thailand's HIV/AIDS  Preventive and Alleviative National Programmed from the advent of HIV/AIDS epidemic until the end of 1997. Subjects and methods : Researchers revised and analyzed the HIV/AIDS related  studies to illustrate Thailand 's missions and activities to prevent and control HIV/AIDS epidemic. To conceptualize AIDS paradigm shift the studies were subcategorized into 6 parts : AIDS  paradigm  development,  evolving  HIV/AIDS  information  system  for  good governance, HIV/AIDS catalytic role for civil society,  AIDS public policy development, as well as evolution of the HIV/AIDS social and health services.  Then the conceptual frame work for Health Promotion from the Ottawa Charter was employed to analyze the emerging Thailand's societal AIDS response.Results : HIV/AIDS public policy have been developed to create up the strategic infrastructure for HIV/AIDS prevention and alleviation. The crucial strategic areas which was the main finding are social environment, personal and community empowerment as well as social and health measure reorientation.   To achieve these societal evolution, the well developed information system to intercommunicate all the strategic alliances have been undertaken and an effective advocacy had been continually worked out so that the government can play their central role to collaborate the participatory function all the sectors. The individual and community empowerment have been turned to be the major tooldeveloped  to  change  the  people's  life  style  so  that   the epidemic of HIV/AIDS is under control and the HIV incidence have declined to a lower rate than last 5 years ago.Conclusions : AIDS crisis is so serious and complex that it can alert Thai society to learn and understand the intertwined health causal determinants which have its roots from social, economic, cultural and political infrastructure. The way its government develop a sounded health promotion strategy is the valuable lesson learnt then apply to other kind of health  problems.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2002 source: HSRI 
title: Promoting the civil society and mass media for health system reform 
abstract:Promoting the Civil Society and Mass Media for Health System ReformThis study is a participatory action research project launched in 4 provinces of 4 pouts of Thailand, including: Nakornratchasima, Trung , Phitsanuloke and Samutprakarn for 18 months  during May 2000 to October 2001.The objectives are to study existing relationships among three local networks:   public health network, mass media network and civil society network ; and to promote learning processes and cooperation model development for creating  health system reform movements at local level.The project  was  delivered by a central team and 4 area teams of researchers. The operation has 4 steps: (1) study the area contexts and mapping local potentialities (2) workshop of the researchers and some key persons from the target networks to identify a definite issue for social movement, target  groups and to design a process of movements (3) take action (4) workshop for lessons learning and synthesizing a body of knowledge about the possible roles of civil society and mass media for promoting the health system reform.The project findings are:	1. In the process of social movements promoting the health system reform to be a consensus local agenda, the issue of “social health” is sound possible and appropriate because local communities have holistic viewpoints for their health.	2. The powerful communications to promote local agenda of health need an integrative model of mass media, traditional media and personal media which request an appropriate designing for a specific area. 	3. A civil society of mass media for local health could be easily organized by setting a angular platform for health issue dialogue. The stakeholders, local intellectuals, academics, professionals, mass media and traditional media are the target groups to participate the forum, which should be started from their common heath problems or same local public issues.	4. The local civil society has potential roles of  “the learning process” and “the movements for social change” which takes part in social a wareness, promoting of  people   participation and local interactive learning through actions as well.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Recommendation for reforming diseases prevention and control system in Thailand 
abstract:Conceptual framework for reforming the system of diseases prevention and control in Thailand was developed in this study. Issues which were involved, were 1) situation and trend of epidemiology, society changes which had influence to the system 2) strength and weakness of the existing system 3) recommendation for reforming the system. The study results were summarised as following;situations and impact of diseases were considerably changing, globalisation was promoting severity of both communicable and non-communicable diseases,decentralisation was making necessity to reform the system,the existing system had two major problems; lack of coordination in responsible organisations resulting ineffectiveness of handling problems and much emphasis on project based administration in addition to academic development which was useful for coping new and complicated problems,all disease control organisations should be united into single organisation for developing,Health Research Institute should be established to develop body of knowledge similarly to the US National Health,the establishment of the institute and merging all responsible organisations into single organisation should be stated in the National Health System Reform Act,the disease prevention and control system in many countries were studied to be taken as inputs for reforming.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2005 source: HSRI 
title: Study of communication process on health campaign 
abstract:The purpose of research is to study the communication process on health campaign among government, non-government, private and community organizations, by the leader or those who send messages in the organizations, and target groups for the campaign. Sample groups were purposefully selected, with 106 campaigns for quantitative study and 20 campaigns for qualitative study. All of these were campaigns for health promotion projects related to nutrition, exercise emotions. Disease-fee condition, and general good health. Data collection was done by using questionnaire and interview for quantitative data. In-depth interview, group discussion and observation are employed for qualitative data. Results of this study can be summarized as follow.Majority of health campign process were two-way communication, using individual messenger, event specific message, and mass media. Majority of the target group had the awareness but lacking consciousness and sustainability in health practices.In order to have effective health campaign, messenger had to have high level of trustworthiness and public concerns, while the message should be on holistic health. Message was communicated by individual messenger and mixed  media. Receivers should be involved individuals in health campaign.Influential factors in health campaign were leaders, social support, budget, involvement, participatory communication, networking and network communication, holistic health promotion, and community-center campaign.	Recommendations for health campaign are as follow.Empower, promote and support potentials of leadership, and core group to have capabilities in knowledge management, learning process, and skills in having good health and communication.Support networking in health campaign, by organizing activities and having regular network communication.Support for budget and other resources should be collective effort by every members in the alliance, groups, or network. This support should be consistent and completely covered all the necessities.Policy on strategic campaign should emphasize on participation of everyone involved, in every steps of campaign, by government, non-government, private and community organizations.Health campaign should be community-centered campaign, in order for the public to be aware of, interested in, and consciously driven, to have appropriate and sustainable health behaviour changes.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Health systems reform in Taiwan 
abstract:Health systems reform in TaiwanThis documentary study presented the developing process of health system in Taiwan. Strategies, tools, and other experiences those are applied to solve health problems in Taiwan will be learned Taiwan has succeedded in economics and industrial developments as well as impressive gains in the health of the general population. However new health problems accompany with the rapid rising cost of health expenditure and access to care problems are primary factors for formulating policy in health reform in Taiwan.These are:Setting of medical care Network: to balance their medical resources,Applying the National Health Insurance(NHI) Project in 1995Creating Computerized Patients and Health Information Network to improve health service facilities, andDeveloping Family Practice Tranning Programs for their personal. This universal coverage NHI program creates monopsony buying power and promotes administrative efficiency. Fee-for service and co-payment are used as financial strategies.Although the health system reform is able to distribute providers and facilities to remote areas and gives a chance for the poor to access health services, the cost of health expenditure in still rising. Many payment mechanisms such as capitation, case payment, or global budget and other administrative strategies are proposed by experts to solve this problem. Many differencess between Taiwan and Thailand should be concerned when some health reform strategies will be brought to apply in our country. Very contrast to Thailand, the strength of economic sector and government in Taiwan make at least 2 programs, NHI program and medical care network program, possible. Thus, these strategies should be careful if implement in Thai society. Many tools for health system reform from the Western countries, however, many have limitations for solving health problems in oriental developing countries as Thailand.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Cost of psychiatric care by casemix approach, Suan Prugn Psychiatric hospital 
abstract:Currently, psychiatric patients classification for budgeting allocation’s purpose by employing diagnosis might be appropriate for acute disease but not implicitly to psychiatric cases. Psychiatric patients have their own special characteristics as follow: a requirement of joint symptoms’ diagnosis, less doctoral procedures, long average length of stay, various existing mental health assessments but not specifically designed for the purpose of budget allocation. The purposes of this research is to analyze various mental health assessments employed at Suan Prung Psychiartic Hospital and to study the correlation between mental health services cost and mental health assessment point given by hospital staff. The study is considered in the in-patient department by case mix method.Methods	The retrospective study collected and collated information from 1,207 out of  a total 3,715 cases from patients who came for services in in-patient department, Suan Prung Psychiartic Hospital during March to December 2002. Each selected individual patient for this study had to have 4 kinds of mental health assessments: Global Assessment of functioning Scale (GAF), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Assessment of Functioning form Mental Health Department. Individual’s information shall be periodically collected during each individual’ services stay. This study shall be employed a linear equation by categorizing costs into routine service costs, medical care costs, and individual drug costs. Results Our findings based upon 4 mental health assessments employed at Suan Prung Psychiartic Hospital show: significant correlation among individual assessment; Level of mental severity relate to level of services cost. The study shows that case mix of Schizophrenia, Paranoid and Acute psychotic disorders is the most costly, followed by Mood disorders; Mental retardation; Anxiety disorders, Eating disorders, Obsessive compulsive disorders, Personality disorders, Stress and Adjustment disorders; Alcohol Related; disorders and Drug Related, respectively. The following key factors directly affect mental health service costs in deceleration order: average length of stay, electro convulsive therapy, diagnosis, age, and gender.Conclusions After analyzing mental health assessments, our finding is health services costs are inconsistent between case mix and mental severity. Mental health assessments employed at Suan Prung Psychiartic Hospital that reflects budget allocation is GAF.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2004 source: HSRI 
title: Hegemonic Sexuality and State Policy on AIDS 
abstract:The spread of AIDS epidemic in Thai society through some forms of sexual contact led to the policy that has been focusing on changing sexual behavior of people. Certain forms of behavior, such as teen and commercial sex, have been classified as highly risky. The policy relies on the measures to convince or force people to contain their sexual conduct in monogamous marriage. Although such measures succeeded in raising public awareness about AIDS, sex outside marriage has continued and new high-risk groups emerged. People in Thai society seem to resist the attempt of the state to discipline their sexual behavior. Based firmly on dominant system of belief about sexuality, policy on AIDS reflects and perpetuates sexual and gender inequality which has been accounting for social vulnerability to contact the HIV virus of various groups of people. The policy has been a mechanism to control sexual practices of the people. The policy process on AIDS issue has also been a site of contestation of many groups with different sexual beliefs.  Policy on AIDS has been affected, as well as a part of, sexual politics that people negotiate and resist the dominant version of sexuality in Thai society.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1999 source: HSRI 
title: Human resources for health in Thailand : technical report 
abstract:There has been significant improvement in distribution of human resources for health in Thailand. Historically, a shortage of health personnel in rural areas was severe. Nevertheless, the most needed group in rural areas was the physician. The doctors, dentists and pharmacists in rural areas were mostly under compulsory service program by which they were financially subsidised while studying. Nevertheless, there were high turnover rates of these groups in rural areas. The Bureau of Health Policy and Planning was responsible for determining needs for HRH (human resource for health) for utilisation while the Ministry of University Affairs (MUA) mainly produced HRH especially doctors, dentists and pharmacists. However, the Office of Civil Service Commission (CSC) controlled staffing patterns of all public health facilities. Most reasons of leaving district level given by HRH were job dissatisfaction and their need for further training especially for being specialists. However, health sciences students and their parents were not against the compulsory service program rather favouring government financing for education. The paper proposed number of doctors at the provincial level be less than that of district level which was opposite to the CSC’s requirement and the compulsory service program be remained for doctors, dentists and pharmacists. More equity of HRH distribution among provinces should be implemented and additional budget should be given to district health facilities to employ additional staff. Financial and educational incentives should also be delivered for those working in rural areas.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Systhesising knowledge of policy determination process and strategies for Developing National Health 
abstract:Lack of coordination for health policy implementation was concerned due to the fact that health policy had been largely determined and implemented by the Public Health Ministry. 	This study was aimed at synthesing alternatives to processing health policy, strategies and national health plan by reviewing health policy making process in other countries and development of other public policy in Thailand. Interviewing well-experienced people was also performed. Concepts for developing processes of national health policy determination were:firstly, the Thai Constitution in which civil involvement should be strengthened in policy making process, secondly, desirable mechanisms in which efficiency in administration, good governance, synergistic working, political accountability and evidence based implementation were created,thirdly, mission in which direction of national health policy (short to long term) was obvious,fourthly, three alternatives for processing health policy and determining health strategies were proposed. 	The first alternative was to promote coordination between public, private, community and people; nevertheless, bureaucratic implementation was likely to occur due to availability of many processes. The second alternative was to support civil society movement and to allow the cabinet to act as governing body. Even though flexibility to administration might be achieved, a number of societies were unlikely to be part in the policy making process. The third alternative was to let the mechanism under the Ministry of Public Health responsible for people health and determining national health policy. However, coordination with other organisations might be difficult to take place.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2004 source: HSRI 
title: การศึกษาลักษณะของโรงพยาบาลในประเทศไทยที่มีผลดำเนินการขาดทุนหรือกำไรหลักจากปีแรกของการมีหลักประกันสุขภาพถ้วนหน้า 
abstract:The objective of this study was to examine characteristics of non-profitable hospitals, as compared to profitable hospitals, in Thailand.  Administration national data for 640 public hospitals of fiscal year 2002 from Ministry of Public Health were analyzed.  A two-part model estimated by logistic regression and ordinary least-squares regression was used to examine the likelihood of hospital loss and the amount of loss, respectively.  The results showed that various managerial, service mix, and market variables were significantly associated with the likelihood of hospital loss.  An increase in average hospital Universal Coverage (UC) inpatient day per number of the UC and the concentration of hospital market could significantly increase the likelihood of hospital loss, while an increase in the average Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) hospital inpatient day per number of the CSMBS inpatients and average Social Security Scheme (SSS) hospital inpatient day per number of the SSS inpatients decreased the likelihood of hospital loss.  The ratio between total patients and number of full-time employee was positively associated with the likelihood of hospital loss, but it required cautious interpretation since it was confounded by the employee salaries that was not included in this study.  Beside managerial, service mix, and market variables, the hospital characteristics also were associated with the amount of loss.  The larger hospitals and hospitals located in central area of Thailand tended to have higher amount of loss.  The results also suggested that managing the number of hospital employee, inventory, and patient hospitalization could control the amount of loss.  In conclusion, most of identified determinants of hospital loss were manageable.  The ramification of this study was to help policy makers understand the hospital loss situation in Thailand after implementing the UC scheme and design policy to resolve the hospital loss problems.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Knowledge to paradigm to healthiness 
abstract:Confrontation of two concepts on human civilization has been more imminent in this era. While the west represents linear evolution, the east represents circular development of human history	But in the world with material development, the way of life of the people is not as happy as they deemed to be. The rigidity of knowledge that used for human development has become cage to imagination. Thus freezing the thought so that it is not corresponding to reality of nature. This brought about suffering on the lives of individuals and societies and also the deeper unbalance in ecology causing the problem culture that lead to the problem of health.	In this wider crisis, there struggles to find solution. This happened in various fields of knowledge and activities as in science, religion, culture, art and social movements. Whether physicists or artists both have realized the necessity to find new perspectives. They realized the necessity to find a new manner toward the world. They need new ideas and new language and new practice to suit the new reality	Surely, there will be resistance from the people and the systems of the old paradigm. But this paradigm change is not the replacement of new idea for the old one. For it will include and transcend the old  world  and integrate it to the new one. It will find new way of management and politics combining truth with beauty transcending any violence causing by the limits of the old paradigm. Combining the east and west concept of human development in the most creative way imaginable. Instead of circle or linear we will come up with spiral dynamics with corresponding to the form of life force.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand : development and implementation 
abstract:This research seeks to fill the gap in knowledge on pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand, by
using a mixture of public and health policy analysis and technical aspects, and focuses on content,
context, actor and process. The two specific questions are; (a) what is pharmaceutical registration
policy in Thailand? (b) What are the factors influencing the pharmaceutical registration policy process?
The thesis focuses on both policy development and the implementation process.
The objectives of pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand had been found to be unbalanced;
focusing more on access and obscuring the general goal of quality, safety and efficacy. A survey of
tracer drug registration (1983-1997) found that the registration system in Thailand has double
standards between new and non-new drugs, with little success in re-evaluation of previous registered
drugs. The research showed a large variation in registration time (1-2147 days), a high number of
approved drugs, contrasted with few rejected or withdrawn. Hence the Thai registration system may
be described as ‘entrepreneurial and permissive’ or as taking a ‘laissez-faire’ approach.
This research has identified four main groups of factors that led to the failure of implementation. First,
policy on registration was not well developed because of the unbalanced influences of different actors
with varying powers; this was reflected too in the implementation process, which was also influenced
by a variety of actors. Second, there are continuing technical weaknesses in the drug regulatory
structure and process. Third, the advisory consultative process in the registration system was not well
managed. Fourth, key actors’ attitudes and perceptions, and organisational hierarchy had an important
influence on decision-making. On the basis of the understanding of these weaknesses, it may be
possible to introduce new potential measures in the future.