plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Sexuality education via computer-aided instruction for early secondary school students 
abstract:Background Unprotected sex increases adolescent risk of early and unwanted pregnancy and childbirth, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted diseases such as infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sexuality education serves as one means of helping young people prevent these problems and improve their future reproductive health. Development and utilization of a computer-aided instruction (CAI) on sexuality education may facilitate learning and provide additional education channel to this group of people.Methods	Contents of the CAI were organized into six key concepts including human development, relationships, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health and society and culture. Information and illustrations were employed and tailored to fit for Thai society and culture. Tutorial methodology was used and arranged into the following categories: introduction of the tutorial, questions and responses, judgment of responses, feedback about responses, remediation, organization and sequence of program segments and learner control in tutorials. Three phases of planning, design, and development were assigned and followed, The CAI was created in collaboration with a NECTEC staff and had been tried out in an early secondary school classroom within Roi-Et municipality. Macromedia Authorware 5.2 was used as authoring tool and the final material was written into a compact disc.	Results	A six-chapter interactive multimedia tutorial was developed, It occupied about 192 megabytes on a compact disc. While trying out in the classroom, there was some initial perplexity in using the CAI by the students, which made the beginning of the study cumbersome, In the second half of the study, however, the students could easily use the CAI. Each chapter of the tutorial took about 50 minutes to complete. A total of 8 sessions were needed to finish the CAI. In a focus group discussion at the end of the study, the students exhibited their preference to the CAI.Conclusions 	CAI seems to be one of potential methods for comprehensive sexuality education through facilitate learning and provide additional education channel. Problem underlay CAI usage is preparedness of student.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Development of alternative health systems to promote the health of middle-aged women : a situational analysis of folk and lay sector in Isaan 
abstract:This qualitative study aims to explore a situation of health systems for middle-aged women especially about concepts, treatment modalities, perceptions, and success. The study sites were in both rural and urban areas of Khon Kaen province. Eighty five women age 40-59 and nineteen healers participated in this study. Data was collected by using participatory and nonparticipatory observation, interviewing, and focus group discussions during March-December 1999. Triangulation and content analysis were used for validation and analysis. Major findings were as follows. Humoral theory, religion, health information, and women’s life styles are guidelines for alternative health concepts of practice. There are 30 activities that are regarded as alternative health practices to promote the well-being of the middle-aged women. They were grouped into 4 categories and energetic therapies and exercise. The meaning of health given by women are included in the well-being of physical, mental, spiritual, and social life. The success of alternative health services is related to consumers’ beliefs, providers’ self-reliance, and community participation. It is suggested that highlighting alternative health systems by setting standards of services, and establishing networking between the community and the system is needed. Keywords: alternative health, middle-aged women, folk sector, lay sector, Isaan
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1998 source: HSRI 
title: Whether MDR-TB(multi drug resistance TB) had devastated Thailand : 55 articles reviewed during 1968 to 1998 
abstract:Whether MDR-TB (multi-drug resistance TB) had devastated Thailand: 55 articles reviewed between 1968 and 1998Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis have been regarded as the third epidemic and become global emergency since 1993. The multi-drug resistant TB is at least resistant to 2 drugs which are isoniazid and rifampicin. The MDR-TB is uncured despite its rare occurrence. A major cause of MDR-TB is either irregular drug taking or not completing course of drug taking. In 1997, the WHO reported Thailand’s MDR-TB at around 3000 cases considered as high tendency. By December 1998, the rate of drug resistant TB was 26%, 13% to isoniazid, 12% to streptomycin, 7% to rifampicin, 7% to ethambutol and 3% to multi-drugs. Compared between 1968 and 1998, the percentages of drug resistant TB had increased for each drug. Factors related to drug resistant TB were number of lesions in lungs, family history of TB and HIV positive history while factors related to MDR-TB were history of TB treatment, TB family history and HIV positive historyThe paper recommends development of effective and continuous TB program implementation and evaluation, quality of the DOTs, quality of lab testing and its network and effective information system. In terms of research and development, factors related to treatment success for MDR-TB should be studied and treatment evaluation should be performed according to national TB control by Ministry of Public Health.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Health Impact Assessment of Agriculturalists on Contractual Arrangement 
abstract:Health Impact Assessment (HIA) of Contract Farming in Thailand : A Scoping Process Objectives: 1) To define the scope of health impact assessment of contract farming policy. 2) To provide a venue for stakeholders’ participation in the health impact assessment Methods: The assessor used varieties of methods to identify the scopes of the health impact assessment. The processes were consisting of two meetings with stakeholders, in-depth interviews with farmers and seed companies’ personnel as well as government officials, direct observation at the farms and literature reviews. The definition of health used in the study was based on bio-psycho-social model. Results: The Thai government has been promoting Contract Farming practice since the 6th National Economic and Social Development Plan in 1987. Farmers will produce agricultural materials for agricultural industry companies and receive payment for the products if they comply with the standards defined in the contracts. Tomato seeds, chili seeds, tobacco leaves, vegetable seeds, chicken raising are examples of the agricultural products that are commonly defined in the contracts. Contract farming policy brings numbers of potential impacts, particularly on one that uses a lot of pesticides, on the health of farmers and villagers. Potential positive impacts are short-term financial benefits, choices of employment during dry season. Potential negative impacts are on physical health especially impacts on neurological illnesses, illnesses of endocrine systems, illnesses of reproductive systems. It has been shown that stakeholders were concerned about health impact of the contract farming practice in terms of physical health, mental health, social health, spiritual health, social impacts and environmental impacts. Literature reviews found that farmers and farm employees were affected by the heavy use of pesticides. Neurological illnesses were the most common problems. Stakeholders have identified scopes for health impact assessment including impacts on physical health, mental health, social health, spiritual health, social impact, economic impact, environmental impact. The stakeholders also proposed that assessment of impacts on illnesses of endocrine system, reproductive system and cancers were needed. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collections with stakeholders’ involvement have been identified for the assessment. Conclusion It has been shown that early involvement of stakeholders in the scoping processes of health impact assessment is feasible and beneficial to all involved and it is more likely that the results of health impact assessment will be used.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2004 source: HSRI 
title: Development of a package development promotion activities for children from birth to 5 years old in the primary care level 
abstract:This research on development of developmental promotion activities package for children from birth to five years old at the primary care level was aimed to analyze the policy, concepts and the current situation on developmental promotion activities for children from birth to five years old in the child daycare centers, kindergartens, well babies clinics and the primary care units; to study the developmental screening and assessment tools, and propose a package for promoting child development at the primary care level.  Data were collected from document review, the interview with the 63 administrators, teachers and the child care providers in kindergarten or in the child daycare centers and nurses in well baby clinics or in the primary care units from the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Northeastern regions of Thailand. Data from the meeting with eight experts in child developmental field.          The results is the following :Most nurses, kindergarten teachers and child care providers knew and shared the same an understanding of child developmental activities promotion. Some of health care centers or kindergarten had the written policy concerning  child development. In health care centers or kindergarten where there was no written policy. In well baby clinic, the emphasis was on vaccination, weight & height measurement and providing advice. In some places simple child developmental assessment and stimulation were conducted by involving parental participation. At well baby clinics, the maternal and child health guidebook was commonly used to assess development progress. The role of the nurse at primary level of promoting development of children from birth to five years old, comprises of the following activities:-Maintenance of a child’s developmental history record. -Screening and assessment children at scheduled times suitable for their age.-Organizing child developmental promotion activities and the corner for  child developmental promotion.-Giving advice/ consultation to parents on anticipated development and guidelines for developmental promotion.-Referring the child for proper diagnosis and help.           6. A package of developmental promotion activities was designed for the following persons:  For child care providers, For Kindergarten Teachers, Nurses at the primary care level
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: A study determining health performance indicator of Thailand 
abstract:A study determining health performance indicator of ThailandThe research study is to determine the indicators of the performances of health system in Thailand thorough the two processes, searching input from various sources in Thailand and other countries and brain storming technique, to create the process of learning together among resource persons and academics that leads to the vital information for conducting further researches and programs. All the derived data were processed, analyzed and synthesized to determine the definition and the composition of health system, the objectives of the evaluation of the health system performance, the scope of the evaluation, the domains of indicators used in the evaluation, and the indicators appropriated to make use of in the evaluation. Besides, the suggestion of sources and the methods of which we derived the valuation of the indicators, the readiness of the implementation in investigating and collecting each indicator, and some special issues in a group of these indicators that needed to be developed and studied, were also presented in the study.The results of the study could not be used immediately and still need the process of broad considerations from academics and practitioners especially policy planners and executives which could be made by distributing all the information and receiving more opinions of all resource persons for the improvement of the outcome. However, this research has provided the scope and important guidelines, which are necessary for developing the evaluation of the health system in Thailand.Even though the suggested indicators of this study are used for health system performance evaluation; but through the way of using these indicators in the future, the development for further improvement will be needed continuously.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2006 source: HSRI 
title: The condition of public sphere in Bangkok 
abstract:The condition of public sphere in Bangkok is one of research in the project of “Civil society and Public Sphere in Thai Society”. Indeed, the public sphere is an artifact of modernity’s social dynamics. This is why its ‘Structural transformations’ can be studies from a variety of socio-cultural perspective. Moreover, the notion of the public sphere keeps an essential resemblance to the notion of the political pluralisation of the public sphere in spaces of particular cultural life-forms. To study the kinds of public sphere in Thai society, especially about condition of construct the public spheres in Bangkok, there are four case studies in the research. to study the contesting of mechanisms of solving of landless policy by the center of Bangkok’s community development for poor people. to study of the role of NGOs for the emancipation of women public sphere of sex worker by the center for women empowerment.to study the independence of the rise of the public sphere upon the sexual differentiation by Krungthep rainbow group. to study of the roots of democratic politics in the private and public sphere of the middle class by Mass center of direct sale.In these four cases studies, the research find that the condition of constructions of the ‘public sphere’ in Bangkok are not only compatible with, but rather require an understanding of different mode of associations of human existence. By the same token, having a sphere of public sphere in which each case both loses itself and creates itself is depending on a condition of many cultural-historical phenomena.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Macro-economic indices for measuring equity in health finance and delivery 1986-1998 
abstract:Macro-economic indices for measuring equity in health finance and delivery 1986-1998	Explicit policy on health equity will create demand to measure and monitor the achievements of health equity in the country.  At least three disciplines express concerns on health equity: public health, economics and social science.  This study employed the macro-economic indices to measure equity in health finance and health delivery.  The interpretation of equity in health finance was based on the principle of ability to pay.  Kakwani index of progressivity was used to reflect the ability to pay of each source of health finance.  Equity in health delivery was interpreted that health care be allocated according to health need.  Those who were sicker should seek more care than the healthier.  The concentration index was used to measure equity of health delivery.	The National Statistical Office’s socioeconomic and health and welfare surveys during 1986 to 1998 were used to demonstrate the equity trends in Thailand.  Since the health and welfare surveys contained no data on household income, the indirect method was used to map the income of the household in the socioeconomic surveys to household in the health and welfare surveys by education and occupation of household heads.	Kakwani indices proved that health finance system was regressive to income, the trend established less regressivity from 1986 to 1996.  The causes of inequity were explained by an increase trend of income disparity (by the Gini coefficient) and the regressivity of Kakwani indices for both public and private sources of finance.	Concentration indices for health problems were also regressive to income, i.e. the poor were more ill than the rich.  When compare illness with delivery (seek care from drug store, health centre, clinic, public and private hospitals), the concentration indices showed progressivity patterns, i.e. the rich were more likely to use health care, controlling for same health need.  Further standardisation removing the effects of age and sex, the inequity patterns slightly reduced.	This research suggested that the health equity policy goal in Thailand should be more explicit.  Especially, the goal of equity in health finance should be set by reducing income distribution disparity, the progressivity of the whole tax system and contribution from the social security scheme, with less emphasis on the user fee at the point of delivery.  Information system should be improved to help monitor equity in health delivery.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1998 source: HSRI 
title: Unit cost analysis in health care centers in Tak province, fiscal year 1997 
abstract:A study was conducted to determine the unit cost of provision of health services in all 3 levels of health care centers along the Thai-Myanmar border in Tak Province between 1 October 1996 and 30 September 1997. Health care settings included Mae Sot General Hospital (310-bed), Mae Ramat Community Hospital (30-bed), and all 29 health centers in Mae Sot District and Mae Ramat District. We used the simultaneous equation method for cost analysis in the hospital and the district distribution method for the health center. Units in the hospital were classified ad 1) non-revenue producing cost center, 2) revenue producing cost center, 3) patient service, of 4) non-patient service, Unit categories for the health center were transient cost center and Absorbing Cost Center ACC 	The ratio of labor cost: material cost for the general hospital was 59 : 41. The ration of labor cost : material cost : capital cost was 61 : 29 : 10 for the community and 43 : 42 : 15 for the health center. The unit cost for out-patient service was 122 baht for the general hospital, 96 for the community hospital, and 74 for the health center. The in-patient unit costs for the general and community hospitals were 5,734 and 1,945 baht respectively. The in-patient unit cost in the general hospital was significantly (p<0.05) lower among Thai patients (3,092 baht) than Myanmars (5,781 baht). Significant differences (p<0.05) in the unit cost by disease between Thais and Myanmars were detected for thyroid disease, malaria, ceasarean section and uncomplicated appendicitis, They were no significant differences between Thail and Myanmar patients in both out-patient (48 VS 56 baht respectively) and in-patient (1,710 vs 1,640 baht) unit costs in the community hospital. 	However, the unit cost by disease for out-patient service in the community hospital was significantly (p<0.05) different between Thais and Myanmars only in pharyngitis whereas such differences were not found for in-patient service.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2004 source: HSRI 
title: Project: popular mechanism for health system reform : Case study of mechanism in central Thailand, 2003 
abstract:Health system reform process in Thailand is a continual process which one goal is to achieve National Health Act which has been drafted through participatory process since 2001 and submitted to the parliament sine the end of 2002. The reform is also aimed at create public awareness of health through shifting the paradigm on health to encompassed all four dimensions of health, such as physical, mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing. Thus popular process and mechanism to create such awareness need a mass movement of change. Social exchange and learning process are key component to reform health concepts and practices by expecting togetherness and collaboration from people in different sectors. Health assembly is one of a mechanism to create such participation from all sectors. As a result, people would be able to build their network and expand what they learn from assembly to their neighbor and friend. Finally they would be able to create their own civic organization or gathering to generate health practice for healthy society.	From this study it is found that the health assembly at area based level achieved limited result in bringing people together based on their local concerns/issues. Numbers of network that join in the process are the existing network prior to the reform process. Health reform process could do limited to link their existing problem to the health issues, thus awareness of health reform and shifting of health paradigm are also limited. There are numbers of issues that need to further improve the process to really create popular mechanism for people to begin to understand the reform, particularly toward more preventive health behavior and preventive social environment.	People in the urban areas like Bangkok metropolitan are the least aware of the health reform and movement for national health assembly. They are only aware of government projects  such as universal health coverage, bureaucracy reform, exercise campaign and food safety campaign. People do not have strong mechanism to change their thinking of health toward more multi-dimension concept. Health remains a matter of physical well being only. Thus there is real need to continue the movement to generate the idealistic reformation as planted in the draft of  National Health Act.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: The study of health risk assessment and risk management system of Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate 
abstract:The Study of the health risk assessment management system in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate	The objective of the study of health and environment management situation is to review the role and function of the health and environment management from relevant organizations in Thailand as well as in other countries. This study is sub – project of the study of the health risk assessment management system in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate project.Result :The relevant organizations;The relevant organizations in Thailand  are Ministry of Public Health , Ministry  of Interior , Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Science Technology and Environment. Those ministries have the infrastructure at provincial or regional level to carry out the activities.The relevant organizations in other countries which involve to manage health and environment are World Health Organization, United State Environment Protection Agency, Occupational Safety Health Authority, other organizations in United Kingdom, Germany, Kazakhsatan and Japan.The health management in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate;Increasing potential of Rayong hospital to be the center of occupational medicine and environmental medicine diagnosis.Develop and improve the nearby hospital or the clinics to be the networking  such as Ban Chang hospital, Map Ta Phut hospital , Pluak Daeng hospital and Klaeng hospital.Service the health promotion , family planning , disease control and nursing care  in the programme of public health service as well as in the active mobile service unit. For worker health examination and treatment , there are 2 services available ; on site service and at the hospital service . The result of the above management are reported routinely and accessible for the public.The environment management in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate;There is the central wastewater treatment plant. The influent and effluent of  wastewater are monitored before released from the plant. The environment which  are canal , sea, groundwater and ambient air are monitored routinely.In the workplace , environmental parameters must be monitored according to  what have been defined in the environment impact assessment study.In the communities , the environment quality are monitored as well. The result  of the above activities are reported routinely. The frequency of reporting is based on the EIA and regulation which is different in  each type of factory.