plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Ecotourism: the study area, the Khiri Wong community, Tambon Kamlon, Amphur Lan Saka, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province 
abstract:Ecotourism : The study area, the Khiri Wong community, Tambon Kamlon, Amphoe Lan Saka, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province	The objectives of  this research were to study the new aspect of loval tourism management i.e. ecotourism, which refers to tourism in natural areas with local identity and culture that has been related to the ecological system. In ecotourism, all related parties share a common learning process under the enviromental and tourism management , which focuses on local participation. It is intended to encourage awareness towards sustainable preservation of the eco-system. The study area, the Khiri Wong Community, Tambon Kamlon, Amphoe Lan Saka, Changwat Nakhon Si Thammarat, was selected as a site for a case study on ecotourism potential, the needs as well as attitudes of the community, various possible impacts, and guidelines for the development and conservation ot the  communtiy to be further refered to as a model for other communities with similar potential.	The data were collected from the study area through questionnaires, which were distributed to local people totaling 346 samples. More information was gained from  observation and specific interviews of local leaders and natural interpreters as well as other related agencies in the public and private sectors totaling 50 samples. All data were then processed and analyzed by statistical methods.	The result of this research indicates that Khiri Wong is of high potential for ecotourism development and promotion both at present and in the future. The people, the community, as well as the visitors had a certain level of satisfaction for ecotourism at Khiri Wong. The impacts to the community  were caused mostly by physical factor  rather than economic, social, cultural, as well as health and life quality factors. The community's guidelines for development and conservation were based on  systematic ecotourism management which had been well participated and cooperated by the local community, both at the community level and the bi-lateral level with other bodies outside the community. The guidelines con be exchanged with other communities with similar concept for ecotourism management.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2005 source: HSRI 
title: Pilot Study Potential Benefit of AZT Preventive Therapy in Perinatal HIV Transmission and Its Cost-effectiveness Analysis : A Case Study of BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital 
abstract:This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The aim of this study is to find the cost-effectiveness of giving AZT to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child and to compare the result of this study to previous studies in the aspect of provider and consumer perspective. The information summarized from this study would be a policy implication for Bangkok Metropolitan Office for properly administration of AZT to HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent the transmission of HIV.	Overall, 80 percent of mother received AZT before delivery. Normal delivery was accounted for 63.5% and 130 mothers (24.6%) were appointed for cesarean section and/or having cesarean section. In mother with normal delivery, average cost on procedures, medicines and medical consumables was 2,900 TBH, average cost on labor cost and all cost was 3,250 and 6,150 TBH respectively. In mother with cesarean section, average cost on procedures, medicines and medical consumables was 6,000-11,050 TBH, average cost on labor and all cost was 3,550-4,500 and 9,550-14,400 TBH respectively.	Overall, 7 of 103 (6.8%) children were HIV positive. The administration of AZT in overall was not related to cost on procedures, medicines and medical consumables but was accounted for the increasing of labor and all cost by 420 TBH. The difference of having AZT once and twice before delivery was accounted for the increasing of all cost by 1,900 TBH, whilst there was no difference of all cost between giving AZT for one time and no AZT. So, it is suggested that the budget of giving AZT is not only for the cost of drug but also for the administration of drug such as PCR testing.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: Benchmarks of fairness for evaluating the Thai Health Care Redorms 
abstract:Benchmarks of Fairness for Evaluating the Thai Health Care ReformsThis study aims to test the adapted benchmarks as a tool to assess the ADB' s proposal on health system development published in 1999 and to evaluate the achievement of health care reform activities in two provinces supported by EU, Payoa and Yasothon. 0The adaped benchmarks compose of 9 benmarks. The first benchmark concerns with intersectional public health or intersectional efforts to improve social determinants. Benchmarks 2-5 relate to equity issues and benchmarks 6-7 intend to evaluate efficiency of the system, Benchmarks 8 concerns with democracy, accountability, and empowerment, provider and consumer autonomy are the final benchmarks.  The tool is aimed to use as a framework for policy analysis, indentifying strengths and weaknesses of the reform proposal, ensuring that appropriate inputs, mechanisms, and strategies are existed to achieve equity. To use the benchmarks, a scoring system is applied as a ranking on complex dimensions, not cardinal measures of some quantity, in addition to an explanation for it's rationale of score provided. In testing  the adaped benchmarks, it shows that the benchmarks could be used as a tool to assess both achievement of reform and assess reform proposal. However, assessment of reform proposal may be more appropriate in use since there were large variations of score in assessing achievement in both proviness.In testing the adapted benchmarks, it shows that the benchmarks could be used as a tool to assess both achievement of reform and assess reform proposal. However, assessment of reform proposal may be more appropriate in use since there were large variations of score in assessing achievement in both provinces. Background and perception of evaluators determine the different of score provided, therefore, interpretation of the result should be made with caution especially, when it has been used to assess achievement of the reform. Providing information before scoring process would reduce deviation and improving reliable of the score. The details of each benchmark should be adopted to fit with the contexts of particular country or province.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2002 source: HSRI 
title: The health impact assessment of highrises in Muang Chiang Mai 
abstract:This research has been conducted in 4 dimensions of health namely, physical, mental, social and spiritual health in both positive and negative impacts.  The research design was a participatory action research with rapid appraisal and survey. Activities included two workshops one for academics and the other one for stakeholders to discuss and advise indicators to be used in the assessment. After the questionnaire was constructed, a survey was conducted in 2,744 samples comprising in-building, around-building, and general residents.The literature reviews showed that building constructions in the past in Muang Chiang Mai were not well planned and managed, specifically lack of city vision to guide the direction of development. Most of the times, they depended on the administrators’ policies without people participation resulting in Muang Chiang Mai’s vague direction of development. The results show that the around-building and general residents had more physical health impacts than the in-building. This might be the indirect effects of highrises. i.e., the urban heat island phenomenon that causes more air pollutants deteriorating the respiratory system. The hypertension and cardiovascular diseases might be the results of anxiety due to mental and social health problems. The assessment of other dimensions of health also showed that the around-building and general residents had more health impacts than the in-building. The older and longer-living tended to have more health effects than the others.It is suggestive that:The highrise construction permissions for those non-constructed should be cancelled.The height of highrises should be revised in accordance with the context of Chiang Mai not that of the Act, which enforces nationwide.The highrise constructions should be controlled more stringent, and buffer zone should be re-considered.The areas that are allowed for highrise constructions should not those that can potentially be threatened to ecology, urban heat island and historic conservation.The Ministerial Laws enforcing the town planning should be amended that land uses in each zone should take the vertical dimension into account and the percentage scheme of land use should be cancelled.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: State of art review & practical mechanism for development of home/community care for AIDS in social-cultural context of the Central region, Thailand 
abstract:This study reviews a  variety of documents and lessons on home/community care (HCC) for AIDS in the central region of Thailand, including research , thesis , NGO’s annual reports, discussions with NGOs delegates, and case studies from fieldwork observation as well as home visits. Compared to the northern region of the country, studies on HCC for AIDS in the central region are rather few. Despite of this limitation, a number of studies figures out the same problem that many HIV/AIDS patients are confronting with : community’s rejection and negative attitude towards people living with AIDS (PWA) . Besides, many patients and family care-providers still do not have adequate  knowledge and skills in self care or caring the patients at home. However, rarely few studies have deeply gone into details about the needs of these PWA, such as up-date health information about treatments and practical caring techniques for daily fife in the household setting.	The present study concludes that in the central region, most HIV/AIDS patients are normally cared for at home by their family numbers. Hospitalization is only for those in critical or terminal stage. Buddhist temples, Christian’s charity  homes and NGO’s emergency or temporary shelters are alternatives for most poor or abandoned ones. For PWA, self-help groups organized by public hospitals’ or  NGOs’ staff are crucially needed and helpful. Home visits performed by these staff  are also appreciated. These are the only two successful models of community care in the socio – cultural context of the central region. Some regional strategies are suggested for HHC development: 1). The restoration of the humane traditional Thai cultural-traits together with the acculturation of caring culture and practice in the family and community in order to promote and support HCC by “to stop AIDS by caring people with AIDS”.  2).  The empowerment of community organizations, self-help groups, voluntary groups to support PWA to get access to better health care services as will as social welfare from both public  and private sectors  3). Reformation and development of AIDS counselling service, inter-personal health education and public health education through the mass media, both in the content and technical aspects in order to transfer modest health information on AIDS and to bridge up good relations between PWA and their families/ communities.  4). The prejudice wall against PWA should be dissolved through the new nation-wide campaign, ”Living with AIDS is the way to save our families/communities and society” in order to support PWA to live with dignity as human-beings. And 5). The strengthening of collaboration among all HCC stakeholders (PWA, family ,community, NGOs and Gos) in order to improve the efficiency of the whole health care system.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2001 source: HSRI 
title: Social innovation : definition and key features in Thailand 
abstract:Social innovation: definition and key features in Thailand	This paper is based on the information obtained from related Thai documents, interviews and study visit.  Social innovation is defined as “Anything new whether in the form of ideas, imaginations, opportunities, or actions to solve problems or to make a better society. These new things include the improvement of or those based on existing things.”	Key features of social innovation include:Opening and enhancing space for wisdom and societyInitiated by individuals, organizations or communities to solve their own problems, not because of the external controlRaising public conscience for the benefit of the society as a whole preceding individual’s or group’s benefitHas dynamic development with prolong existence in which the form or pattern may change as a result of creativity, commitment and action	A review of five organizations supported social innovation in Thailand suggested that social innovators could be individuals, organizations or communities.  The supports obtained include project funding, personal allowance, academic assistance, forum or network building, and awards given.  The supports could be given at any stage of the innovation development i.e idea development, testing, implementation, expansion to a broader society.	Suggestions for the operation of the Social Innovation OfficeThe Social Innovation Office should emphasize support given to any new ideas, new methods, new strategies/models, and new opportunities including new existence or developed on what existed.Facilitate network building among related organizations to avoid duplication and to support each other.Fill in the gap of existing operation, built on current existence and integrate old and new operations including coordination with related agencies.Supports can be provided to individuals, organizations and communities focuses on those with the following five features: do not give up easily, have imagination and recreation, has public conscience, readiness to take action, ability to communicate with others.Potential activities for the office to provide the support include searching for social innovators (SIs), support SIs to develop new ideas, support SIs to implement or test the new ideas, and support expansion of the innovation to a wider society.  Support can be given in forms of financial support, technical support and network building.Three guiding principles of the office to consider when providing support are: (1) creating horizontal relationship between the office and SIs (2) working in a more proactive direction and (3) promoting enabling environment for innovative culture society.Exclude support of activities that are not social innovation including: already well-known ideas, activities or models, activities that are beneficial to individuals/groups, activities implemented on an ad hoc basis, top-down originated activities.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2006 source: HSRI 
title: The Synthesis of Study of process in creating a combined city plan and public participation: Case study on the combined Bangkok city plan 
abstract:This research is aimed at synthesizing the knowledge to create the process of combined city plan and public participation in stage. Bangkok combined city plan is chosen as a case study because of its location at center of the country administration and the only local administrative unit in Thailand. It is to be highlighted of the stages of people’s participation in making the combined city plan. It will lead to the problem analysis and the limitations of policy process in making the city plan .The people’s participation in making the city plan is reflected in the Thai constitution law also so this an excellent opportunities and ways to allow people to join in the process of city planning in every stage. The people opinions and suggestions in making the city plan can be value addition and can enhance the ultimate outcome. The research result indicates that the process of creating the city plan in Thailand allowed people to participate in many stages. This whole process will depend on Thai city planners whether they can let people successfully participate in the process. As per the available data, reflect that people were allowed to participate in making the city plan .The stages of Bangkok City Plan (2nd edition) in the City Plan Act (1975 ) justify the above given statement. The whole process been divided in 3 main stages. The 1st stage of survey in order to plan and design the combined city plan, The 2nd stage of creating the combined city plan; And the last stage deals with enforcement and implementation of the combined city plan. The sample plan to develop specific community, which was quoted in the study, was a good example of the process to create the city plan for community development. The city planning which truly allow people to play a key role at every stage can enhance the ultimate result. Actually the city is going to plan for people, so they should be the architects for their city. In the conclusion the main challenge and limitations of process and stages in creating the combined Bangkok city is people’s knowledge and understanding for it. The lack of true and healthy corporation of government officials is also a big obstacle to achieve a healthy city plan. The limitation of rights to participate under the constitution law is not a constrained in city planning. The officials do not promote enough to people’s participation in the government activities. Regarding the failure of the combined city plan, it was caused by other factors in the stage of implementing the plan. However, the factor was beyond the process of people’s participation.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1999 source: HSRI 
title: The muscoloskelatal pain behaviors and a model for solving the problem in the community : study in 2 villages, Northeast Thailand 
abstract:The  Musculoskeletal  Pain  Behaviours  and a Model for Solving the Problem  in  the  Community: Study  in  2  Villages,  Northeast  ThailandThe study aimed to investigate the behavior of the people who got experienced from musculoskeletal pain (puad - muay) in 2 villages (Ta Poo and Ta Ma-daur), NE Thailand.  The study group was 15 years and over and voluntarily interviewed by structured questionnaires to compare between 2 villages (N=101 and N=100). The study found that most of the respondents perceived musculoskeletal pain as recurrent, work ralated and work problems (71.2 and 78.0 percent). Waist was the highest percentage in both area. Occasionally treatment and no treatment in Ta Poo 57.0 and 27.0) was higher than Ta Ma-daur (37.0 and 20.8) which were significant differences (p <0.05). The locus of control of general health and musculoskeletal pain was assessed using a forced 6 point scale with a conbach' s alpha coefficient 0.5426 in the pilot study. The samples were selected by systemetic sampling (N=175 in Ta Poo and N=165 in Ta Ma-duar). The result showed that in both villages the respondents was internal control for health prevention but external control if they were already sicked. The external control referred to others (doctors). The control of the beliefs for musculoskeletal pain was internal in both villages. The motivational orientations by health team were designed through educational programme for the health officers and the people. Thai massage practicing and exercising was includes in this programme. 6 months after training programmes, the massage and self-help groups were collaborated in one village. The other village was developing in the preparatory step. The were regular meetings between the health officers and the health volunteer to communicate about musculoskeletal pain issues. 	The conclusion was that the people in both villages had the capability to solve musculoskeletal pain by themselves if they got the reliable information and was motivated by the knowledge health officers.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2003 source: HSRI 
title: Development of a Primary Care Model: A Case Study of NhongTong Primary Care Unit, Hangdong  District, Chiang  Mai  Province 
abstract:This   participatory   action   research  aimed  to study model for the   to development of a primary health care service system at NhongTong Primary Care Unit, Hangdong  District, Chiang  Mai  Province.  Data  were  collected from health  personnel  and clients (community leaders  and  people), by  focus  group  discussion,  in-depth interview, and  observation.The participatory approach was focused by brain-stroming, reflecting on problems and needs, capacity building of health personnel, and development of the health care service system. Content analysis was used for data analysis.  Results:  It  was  found  that the  health  care service system did not reach the standard for a primary care service system. For example, the management system did not function well, equipment was inadequate, and office space was not well organized, health personnels lacked of confidence in providing proactive services and primary medical care and participation from local authorities and village health volunteers was limited. As the result of the findings, health personnel were trained, health service management was conducted and office space was organized and equipment provided. Furthermore, understanding was created and empowered  the community,  attitudes were changed  towards the health service among people in the communities, learning from best practice communities, the village health volunteers were encouraged  to be more confident, and was provided  support for  health promoting activities of the people. As a result, health personnel have developed their potential as follows: office space was better organized, cooperation from local  authorities,  village health volunteers, and community leaders has been increased in terms of budgeting and participating in community activities such as elderly clubs,  health promoting clubs, Thai massage clubs, mobile clinics, training of drug-users, and the prevention of hemorrhagic fever. Suggestion: The results of the study suggested that the development of a health care service system will be successful  by using a participatory approach and integrated methods such as  training, supervision, conducting forums, suggestions and learning from best practice communities.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 1999 source: HSRI 
title: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Risk Factors : present status and future trends 
abstract:Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and risk factors: present status and future trendsThis report to review cases of COPD and risk factors has been sucessfully obtained by gathering data from hospitals in various part of Thailand, data of smoking behaviors and populations in each province. From these, we can estimate the incidence and prevalence rate. Eighty-five percents were male and fifteen percents were female. Most of the patients' ages were between 60-80 years old. Severity of the diseases progressed according to their increasing ages. So did the mortality rate. The mortality rate was 1 percent at age 40-50 and become 4 percent at age 70. The expense escalated when one got older due to the progression of the disease. We recommend preventive measures, antismoking, quit smoking activities and      control of air pollution to be planned and implemented in the 9th Natinal Health evelopment plan to cintrol COPD cases and lower economics loss. The future prevalence rate is predicted      to increase due toi the smoking rate, air pollution and increasing population number.