plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: The Association between Duration of Breastfeeding and Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma in Children 
abstract:The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months for the baby’s
health and illnesses protection. Several studies have assessed the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of
atopic dermatitis and asthma. This study aimed to systematically review the relationship between duration
of breastfeeding and atopic dermatitis and asthma. We used relevant key words to search for studies
published during 2001-2013 in PubMed database and Cochrane library. Forty-two studies met the inclusion
criteria. The results found that infants not breastfed were at a greater risk of developing atopic dermatitis
and asthma (Relative risk (RR) or Odds ratio (OR), 1.15-11.53) than infants who were breastfed.
Breastfeeding for less than 3 months increased risk of the diseases (RR, OR =1.25-1.45) than infants who
were breastfed for 3 months or more. Breastfeeding for less than 6 months were associated with increased
risk of diseases (RR, OR= 1.15-2.00) than 6 months or more. Several studies show that breastfeeding is
likely to associate with protection against development of atopic dermatitis and asthma. However, since
the literature has a wide range of quality, further studies including meta-analysis study should be undertaken.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Thai Elderly People’s Experiences of Moving through Journeys of Dependences in Long-Term Care Facilities 
abstract:As older persons moving through the stage of dependence and seeking for help, some of them needed
to receive care in long-term care facilities. This transition period can be very emotional and stressful event.
This qualitative study aimed to examine the experiences of Thai elderly (n = 19) focusing in their adaptations
in the transitional period in long-term care facilities. Participants (≥ 60 years old) who moved to the
long-term care facilities for at least 6 months and had partially impaired of IADLs or ADLs, were interviewed
using open-ended questions. Example of the questions included: “How do you make the decisions
of moving?“, “What were your experiences before moving?“, “How do you feel about the new place and
come up with?” Qualitative results were analyzed by content analysis. The analysis was made to find the
similarities and differences between the experiences of participants. The results showed that the elderly
experienced their transitional period differently. Key determinant was the extent to which they were able to
control over the decision to move to long-term care facilities. Participants who preserved their autonomy
learned to adapt and accepted the transitional period better than the participants who lost their control.
Meanwhile the elderly who were forced to move and had family conflicts, tended to have depression. Facing
death and functional decline, some elders gained the concepts of life cycle and became more calm and
motivated to modify their behaviors for maintaining their capability of livings as long as they could.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Projection of Pharmacist Workforce in Thailand 
abstract:This review aimed to describe the methods that have been used for workforce projections and to
explore the relevant literatures of pharmacist workforce in Thailand and other countries. Determining a
workforce is an important part of workforce projections. Several methods were used for workforce projection
which included: population ratio method, health need method, health demands method, service targets
method, adjusted service target-based method, budget driven mechanisms, workload measurement
method, work point evaluation method, and needs assessment models. The selection of methods used
depends on the availability/accessibility of data and the proposed application. Forecasting the future is a
difficult task and related situations are always dynamic. Therefore, a continuity of workforce projection
studies is essential to ensure the data accuracy in both micro and macro perspectives in order to illustrate
the problem at national and local levels.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Gaps and Opportunities of Policy Implementation in Thailand to Comply with WHO’s Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages to Children 
abstract:Marketing and advertising of food and beverages with high sugar, fat, and sodium are important
environmental factors which influence on children’s eating behavior and health. In 2010, the World Health Assembly, the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States endorsed a set of recommendations on
the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children, aiming to reduce the impact of foods high
in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, free sugars, or salts, and expecting cooperation at policy level. The
structure of this document includes a description of the background and process for the development of
the recommendations, an evidence section and 12 recommendations structured under five sub-headings:
1. rationale; 2. policy development; 3. policy implementation; 4 policy monitoring and evaluation; and 5.
research. This study describes theoretical concepts of the set of recommendations, situations, gaps, and
opportunities of food and beverages marketing and advertising regulations in Thailand which correspond
to these recommendations, and analyses 3 mechanisms: policy development; policy implementation and
policy monitoring and evaluation. The review of regulations to control food and non-alcoholic beverage
marketing and advertising to children in Thailand found that Thailand has laws related to marketing and
advertising, which can be deployed to control the marketing and advertising of foods and non-alcoholic
beverages high in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, free sugars, or salt in children. However, the law enforcement
is not as efficient and productive as it should be and there is also a lack of specific regulation to
control food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing and advertising to children.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Higher Direct Non-medical Costs Associated with Referrals from Community to Provincial Hospitals 
abstract:Referring patients from community to provincial hospitals results in higher direct non-medical costs
(DNMc), which include the costs of transportation, food, accommodation, and informal caregivers. However, these costs have not yet been quantified.
This study estimates the increase in DNMc for referred ambulatory and hospitalized patients. To
approximate the DNMc of patients at community hospitals, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in
three community hospitals in Suratthani province during 16-26 February 2015. The DNMc of patients
who were referred to the Suratthani provincial hospital, were derived from previous studies which reported
the DNMc of patients at this hospital. Cost adjustment was performed using the consumer price
index, with base year 2015. T-tests were used to compare the differences between parameters, with a
significance level of 0.05.
The results showed that, for each day the patients were hospitalized at a provincial hospital, the
costs of informal caregivers were 632.90 Baht higher than those admitted to community hospitals. For
ambulatory care patients, the total DNMc of those referred to a provincial hospital were 513.40 Baht higher
than those receiving care at community hospitals.
Higher DNMc may prevent patients from accessing needed care when referred from community to
provincial hospitals. One way to mitigate this obstacle is to improve the capacity of community hospitals,
thereby reducing the need to refer patients to provincial hospitals without compromising quality of care.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Situation and Causes of Ambulance Crash in Thailand 
abstract:The emergency medical personnel in Thailand are always challenged by the task difficulty in working
with limited resources and spaces, as well as the high risk of encountering traffic accidents. This study
aims to elaborate situation and analyze the causes and factors of the ambulance crash in Thailand.
This was a retrospective analysis of all fatal ambulance crash on Thailand public roadways in 2014, from the secondary data in three main sources, including the database of Information Technology for
Emergency Medical System (ITEMS), the records of surveillance ambulance accident of EMS from
January to December 2014, and the report of ambulance accident investigation collected from the local
network in 2014, using the Haddon’s matrix approach. The study was conducted from January to March
2015. The results are presented using descriptive statistics
According to the ambulance accident surveillance data, 61 ambulance accidents occurred in 2014,
resulting in 130 injured victims and 19 deaths. The accidents happended more frequently during June to
August (25 times). The accident rate was 0.05 with the mortality rate of 0.02 per 1,000 operations. From the
nine accident investigation reports, factors related to accident and safeness of the ambulance could be
concluded into human factors, vehicle and equipment factors, and road environment factors. Human
factors included lack of ambulance driving training, unfastened seat belts, and high speed driving exceeding
90 km/hr. Unregistered ambulance and missing GPS installation contributed to the lack of vehicle
standard. The disparity in each local road environment such as speed curve, crowded site, and missing
directive signs led to higher risk of accident.
This study found that ambulance accidents was increased, resulting in an increasing of injury and
death in emergency medical personnel. The causes of ambulance accidents and risk from the above three
factors were still prevalent. Therefore, it is necessary for the related organizations to implement new policies
and take actions towards preventing future ambulance accidents.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Development of Strategic Map for Health Promotion and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Patients 
abstract:The increasing trend of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases and weak coordination among groups who
take responsibility for taking care of these cases, brought about to the study of holistic care for DM patients
in Chiang Dao Subdistrict Municipality, Chiang Mai Province. Objectives: (1) To explore the problems
related with coordination among stakeholders who involve with health promotion and disease prevention
for DM patients (2) To develop strategic map for the implementation of health promotion and
prevention for DM patients. The study design is qualitative research approached by focus groups among stakeholders as a tool for collecting information. The sample consisted of four groups: subdistrict municipal
authorities, health volunteers, diabetes patients and health workers. Data were collected from 9 June
to 20 November 2014 through focus groups. Data reliability was tested by information contributors and
triangulation. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. Results: 1. Problems were identified in
four categories: (1) Management (2) Man (3) Materials for work (4) Money, 2. Strategic map for the implementation
of health promotion and prevention for DM patient of Chiang Dao Subdistrict Municipality,
Chiang Mai Province, was created comprising: (1) Learning and development perspective, (2) Internal
process perspective, (3) Efficiency perspective, and (4) Performance perspective.
Recommendations from this study are: (1) Development of information system for all groups involved
with DM care system is needed and should be easily accessible, (2) Development of network should
be continously used as a tool for coordinating, and for knowledge and resources sharing, (3) Provision of
knowledge on project planning and management including strategic management to achieve target result
with appropriate method should be in place.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: ภาระและระบบการดูแลโรคหลอดเลือดส่วนปลาย 
abstract:Objectives: Since our previous study showed the 3 years mortality rate in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is very high (56.5%). The investigator therefore would like to evaluate the risk factors to determine the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in 3 years cohort study. In this first year report, we illustrated the screening PAD in diabetic patients and then showed the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rate in 6 month period. Also the risk factors for atherosclerosis was scrutinized.
Method: Between May 2014 and August 2014, consecutive eligible outpatients, aged ≥45 years with established DM in 3 hospitals in Northern Thailand, were invited to be involved in this study. History, physical exam and laboratory test were reviewed. Ankle brachial index ≤ 0.9 was considered PAD. Then patients were evaluated the percentage of risk factor control according to American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. ]
Result: 2,247 diabetic patients were recruited for the study. 286 patients out of 2,247 were diagnosed PAD(12.7%). 236 PAD patients(82.5%) did not have any symptom of PAD namely intermittent claudication, rest pain, gangrene or ulcer. According to AHA criteria, the percentage of adequate control in low density lipoprotein, HbA1C and systolic blood pressure in PAD patients was 18.9, 30.1 and 33.2% respectively. In the 6 months follow up study, there were 11 death, 7 non- fatal myocardial infarction and 3 non-fatal stroke. Comparing with the first visit, the systolic blood pressure and waist circumference was worsening.
Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD in diabetic patients was 12.7%. Most PAD in diabetic patients was asymptomatic. Therefore the ABI screening in all diabetic patients must be performed to early detection and proper management. The atherosclerotic risk factor control was poorly controlled in this group. The number of cardiovascular event was too small to analyse the risk factors to determine cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More further data are needed.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Epidemiological Study of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression:  A large-Scale Population-Based Cohort Study 
abstract:Aims/hypothesis: The prognostic information about CKD progression, particularly for GFR categories 1 and 2, is still limited. This cohort was therefore conducted to determine the CKD progression using a competing risk approach. 
Methods: We conducted an ambi-directional cohort study linking community health screening with hospitals and death registry data in a province of Thailand, from 1997-2011. A competing risk model was applied by treating death as a competing risk factor to estimate 2-, 5-, and 10-yearprobability of kidney failure and median time for CKD progression from lower to higher GFR category.
Results: There were 17,074 non-diabetic and 15,032 diabetic CKD subjects. Diabetic subjects progressed more rapidly through GFR categories with the median times for CKD progression from GFR categories G1 to G2, G2 to G3a, G3a to G3b, G3b to G4, and G4 to G5 of 4.4, 6.1, 4.9, 6.3, and 9.0 years, respectively. Non-diabetic subjects took longer to progress with the corresponding median time of 9.4, 14.0, 11.0, 13.8, and >14.3 years. After adjusting for confounders, diabetic subjects were 49% (cause-specific hazard ratio (csHR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.62) more likely to develop kidney failure than non-diabetic subjects. Albuminuria categories A3 and A2 were respectively 3.40 (95% CI: 3.07, 3.76) and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.53, 1.92) higher risk of kidney failure when compared to A1. For each albumin category, death rate increased as albuminuria increased particularly in diabetic subjects, which was approximately two times higher in A3 compared to A1. 
Before 2008 (when the “PD first” project was launched), an access rate to renal replacement therapy for kidney failure patients belonging to the universal coverage scheme, civil servant medical benefit scheme, and social security scheme were 1%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The corresponding access rates rose to 25%, 43%, and 56% after 2008. Subjects with kidney failure who were members of the universal coverage scheme had increased risk of death when compared to the other 2 schemes.
Conclusions: Diabetic subjects progress through GFR and albuminuria categories and reach kidney failure about twice as rapidly as non-diabetic subjects.Although an access rate to renal replacement therapy among 3 health insurance schemes has consistentlyincreased since 2008, members of the universal coverage scheme still had substantially lower access rate when compared to the other 2 schemes. Further study assessing factors contributing to such low access rate and comparing CAPD and hemodialysis should be conducted.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: ภาระทางเศรษฐศาสตร์และการพยากรณ์โรคของเด็กก่อนวัยเรียนที่มีภาวะหอบเฉียบพลันและฟังปอดพบเสียงวิ้ด 
abstract:Wheezing is an important health problem in Thailand. In this multi-center clinical research, clinical characteristics and biomarkers were studied to determine the factors associated with persistent wheezing in the next three year among pediatric patients with acute wheezing under five years of age. However, this first year report will focus on baseline characteristics including biomarker results. Two hundred and forty pediatric patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with acute wheezing were recruited from the pediatric wards at Thammasat hospital, Bhumiphol hospital, Saraburi hospital and King Chulalongkorn hospital. Patients’characteristics and their family data were collected. Blood samples were collected for detecting ImmunoCAP specific IgE against common food and inhalant allergens. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration was measured by ELISA. Spot urine samples were measured for urinary Leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) levels by enzyme immunoassay. Two hundred and nine data collecting forms with the bioassay results were available for analysis in this report. The mean age of the participants was 26 months with boys of 62.5 percent. First wheeze episode was accounted for 40.6 percent. Seventy five percent was atopic with mono-sensitization (29.3 %). The highest prevalence of sensitization was egg (45.6%), following by cow’s milk (45.3%). The high median urine leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) levels of 226 pg/ml and 956 pg/mg creatinine was documented. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, defined by the serum 25OHD levels of less than 30 ng/ml, was detected for 22.3 percent. Estimating costs of wheezing treatment in preschool children under societal, provider and patient’s perspectives were also studied. Cost data of 136 six participants who admitted with asthma and wheezing at Thammasat hospital, Bhumiphol hospital and Saraburi hospital were available for this analysis. Data from hospital financial database and caregivers’ expenses were collected. Cost-to-charge ratio method was employed for valuation of direct medical costs. Informal care cost was determined by human capital approach. It is found that societal, provider and patient costs per admission were 18,330±69, 17,055±707, 4,968±644 THB, respectively. The main cost component in all perspective was hoteling cost during admission. The economic burden of asthma and wheezing admission of preschool children in Thailand was estimated as 687 million THB per year. To decrease length of stay and admission rate will save costs of asthma and wheezing care in preschool children.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Medical Assistive Devices Benefit under Public Health Insurance Scheme for Disabled People in Thailand 
abstract:With an increasing number of persons with disabilities, the government should provide them with
decent services that meet their needs. One of the crucial services is the provision of assistive devices. The
problem of accessing to the service in Thailand is caused by the inequity of the benefit package provided
by the public health insurance schemes, which can lead to a number of adverse consequences. This study
used qualitative methodology, including review of literature, reports, and other documents that are related
to assistive devices service of the public health insurance schemes in Thailand and other organizations,
to determine the difference of the schemes’ assistive devices benefits. It was found that the different
definitions of person with disabilities for each scheme led to different benefits. In addition, the number
and type of assistive devices and reimbursement methods were different and created financial burden to
persons with disabilities, especially for the scheme that required advanced payment. Furthermore, the
different assistive devices covered in each scheme could prevent disabled persons with certain disabilities
not access to essential medical devices. The integration of benefits and services for persons with disabilities
of these public health insurance schemes is needed in order to reduce inequity problems among them
and make most efficient resource use.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2015 source: HSRI 
title: Utilization and Reimbursements of Assistive Devices for People with Disabilities under Thai Public Health Insurance Schemes 
abstract:The study aims to investigate an accessibility of assistive technology for people with disabilities and
the costs of assistive technology during 2009-2012. The secondary data was derived from three main sources:
1) Disability survey data (2012) from National Statistical Office-NSO 2) Registration of National Office for
Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities-NEP, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security,
and 3) Database from the budget of assistive devices to people with disabilities: National Health Security
Office-NHSO, Social Security Office and The Comptroller General’s Department. In addition, the data
was analyzed and presented with descriptive statistics.
According to disability survey data (2012), there were 1.5 million people with disabilities in which
accounted for 2.3 % of the population in Thailand. Moreover, the estimation survey showed that 7 out of
10 people with disabilities were still in needs of assistive devices. According to the analysis of three main
health benefit packages in Thailand (Universal Coverage Scheme-UC, Social Security Scheme-SSS and
Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme-CSMBS), they annually subsidized with an increasing support of
assistive devices to people with disabilities. The budget subsidized on CSMBS patients was 4 to 10 times
higher than the budget supported to UC and SSS patients. According to the expenditures of assistive
technology: UC’s expenses increased 7 times, SSS’s expenses rose at the lower rate, and CSMBS’s expenses
slightly reduced. However, only CSMBS reimbursed the high price cochlear implant sets that accounted
for more than half of the total costs of devices. Moreover, it is found that cost from an overuse of
the assistive devices in each main health benefit package was increased every year, especially in 2011 the
cost was 6-10 percent of total cost of devices.
People with disabilities under Thailand’s health benefit packages still have an unequal access to
assistive devices. People with disabilities under CSMBS gained more access to assistive devices than other
insurance schemes. Henceforth, the decision makers of Thailand’s main three health benefit schemes need
to revise the policy to make more equal benefits. Moreover, it is necessary to collaborate with both public
and private sectors to solve an inappropriate use (overuse) of the assistive devices that continues to cause
more costs each year.