plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2000 source: HSRI 
title: The Implications of 1999 national essential drug list on public hospitals in Thailand 
abstract:Thailand’s 1996 National Essential Drug List (NEDL) was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) minimal drug list concept. However, after Cabinet Resolution in February 1998, copayment for drugs outside the NEDL was enforced to Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme (CSMBS) beneficiaries. Pressures from CSMBS copayment triggered the 1996 NEDL revision resulted in a new version of “maximum drug list” 1999 NEDL. Promulgated on January 29, 1999, the current 1999 NEDL consisted of 933 items classified as sub-list A., B., C., D. and E whereby DUE must be introduced for the use of sub-list D.
The objectives of this study were 1) to compare the hospital drug list and cost of drug consumption in fiscal year 1999 broken down by sub-lists of 1996 NEDL compared to 1999 NEDL, 2) to analyze the pharmaceutical and therapeutic committee (PTC) decisions on their hospital drug list revision in 1993, 3) to assess the impact of 1999 NEDL on different types of patients, namely CSMBS, Low income patients, Voluntary Health Card Holders and Social Security Scheme (SSS) beneficiaries. The researchers used two approaches: document research and structured telephone interview.
Thirty-four hospitals (39% of proposed samples) agreed to provide electronic database of the fiscal year 1999 drug list and consumption value. Ninety five from 108 hospitals agreed to provide telephone interviews. Despite the fact of maximum list of 1999 NEDL, Department of Medical Service hospitals (DMS) and non-Ministry of Public Health (non-MOPH) public hospitals dispensed quite high proportion of  non-ED drugs. Reclassification of previously 1996 non-ED into sub-lists A., B., C., D. and E. of 1999 NEDL account for 9.9%, 24.2%, 32.4%, 42.5% and 42.2% of total drug consumption in district, provincial, regional, DMS and non-MOPH public hospitals respectively. Cost of drug consumption due to reclassification of 1996 non-ED to 1999 DEDL account for 881.67 million Baht in 34 hospitals, this implies that if there were no 1999 NEDL, there will be savings of 881.67 million Baht to insurance schemes assuming that all ED are reimbursable. Sub-list D. drug consumption in 34 hospitals was 602 million Baht in the fiscal year 1999, 24.2% of total drug consumption in these hospitals. Telephone interview reveals to the reasons for adding some more non-EDs into 1999 NEDL by PTC in 15 hospitals are patients have to take and cheap cost. All these drugs were drugs that used to be considered by 1999 NEDL developing subcommittee. There are some extent discriminating dispensing policy, biased towards CSMBS and against Low Income Scheme beneficiaries, Social Insurance and Voluntary Health Card lied in-between, during the 1999 hospital drug list revisions.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2007 source: HSRI 
title: Art Therapy for Mentally Disturbed Children Following a Severe Natural Disaster in Uttaradit Province, May 2006 
abstract:Art therapy has long been practiced in many countries, especially in the West, as an alternative
means for treating mentally traumatized persons. It is not yet implemented routinely in Thailand. The
present investigators took the opportunity of a catastrophic event that occurred in Uttaradit Province in
May 2006, which caused vast destruction of most of the citizens’ houses and farmland and caused great
mental trauma among the residents. Study samples comprised eight school children aged 7-14 years (five
boys and three girls) whose property and relatives’ lives were lost. For the present study, the psychiatrist
member of the author team selected those patients with symptoms that were not so severe that they
would require conventional psychiatric therapy. There were followed up weekly for 12 weeks to observe
the progress of their illness.
The artists also attended the weekly sessions and provided the children with the supplies necessary
for doing art work and urged them to draw anything they wanted to on the paper provided every week.
Their weekly products were photographed for subsequent interpretation of their mental progress. At the
end of the research session, their mental progress was judged by comparing the results of the psychiatrist’s
opinion about the interpretation of the drawings. It was concluded that the art therapy practice in
this group of children yielded considerable success as evidenced in seven of the eight subjects (87.5%).
The investigators suggest that art therapy is effective for managing chidren suffering from mental trauma
caused by disasters.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2007 source: HSRI 
title: Thai Diabetes Risk Score 
abstract:The diabetes risk score is a simple tool for predicting the probability that individuals will develop
diabetes mellitus in the future. This paper introduces the Thai diabetes risk score calculated from data
obtained from a previous study of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of employees of the Electricity
Generating Authority of Thailand. The scores were derived from coefficients in the logistic regression
model. Variables which significantly predicted the diabetes incidence included age, sex, body mass index,
waist circumference, blood pressure and family history. The predictive performance of the tool was
75 percent. This simple tool could be used to identify those who are at high risk of diabetes and encourage
them to follow healthy lifestyles.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2007 source: HSRI 
title: Governance of Purchasing Functions in the Thai Universal Coverage Scheme 
abstract:This study was aimed at assessing the governance and management of purchasing universal health
care services of Thailand’s National Health Security Office (NHSO). The research methodology used was
the quality method; it involved reviewing the literature and related documents, a briefing from the staff of
the NHSO and in-depth interviewing of the representatives of providers and purchasers in each selected
province in four regions of Thailand. The data obtained were analyzed by using content analysis technique
and the result was presented descriptively. The results of the study showed that governance existed
at both the central and provincial levels. At the central level, governance was provided by four important
organizations including the NHSO Board, the NHSO, the Service Standard and Quality Control Board
(SQCB), and the Ministry of Public Health. At the provincial level, governance passed through three
important organizations comprising the Provincial Public Health Office (PPHO), the provincial branch of
the NHSO, and the public and private health-care providers. The regional branch of NHSO and local
government had little to do with governance. Governance was informal in the provinces. The problems
of governance were due to the confusion between the purchasing and providing functions of the PPHO.
The purchasing power of the NHSO provided a great effect on the governance of the provincial health
insurance. There are four important summarizing recommendations for improving service purchasing
governance, including separating the SQCB into an autonomous body, making the division the cutting
between the purchasing and providing roles, delegating more authority to branch offices of the NHSO,
and opening more opportunities to civil society and local organizations for participating in governing the
purchasing functions under the Universal Coverage Scheme.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2007 source: HSRI 
title: Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors in the Thai Population : The Third National Health Examination Survey 2004 
abstract:Diabetes mellitus and its associated complications are major health and economic burdens worldwide,
in Asia and the Pacific and in Thailand. This burden is expected to continue to rise. The aim of this
study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), their association
with cardiovascular risk factors, and evaluate the management of blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol
in diabetes by geographical region of Thailand. We used a database of the National Health Examination
Survey 2004, a stratified multistage sampling design representing 37,138 individuals aged ≥ 15
years; the data were collected using questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory examination
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG weighted to the national 2004 population was 6.6 percent
(5.9% in men and 7.2% in women) and 12.6 percent (14.8% in men and 10.5% in women), respectively.
Diabetes was more prevalent in urban areas. In two-thirds of those diabetics who had not been previously
diagnosed, the prevalence of associated risk factors was high among diabetics as well as those with IFG.
Two-thirds of the diabetics with concomitant high blood pressure were not aware that they had high
blood pressure. Eighty percent of the diabetics with concomitant high cholesterol were not aware that
they had high cholesterol. The risk factors for diabetes and IFG were male sex, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, central obesity and overweight. Most risk factors could be modified by lifestyle interventions.
Improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and associated risk factors are
required in order to decrease the expected burden.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Clinical Research Collaboration Network and Basic Bio-medical Research 
abstract:Basic bio-medical research is an essential component in public health for dealing with increased and
complex threats from emerging, re-emerging and existing prevalent diseases in the modern world. The
existence of a critical mass of scientists, personnel, facilities and technology, working concurrently with
efficient public health and clinical facilities, capable of producing high-quality scientific information
related to diseases or problems, is a critical component for any nation, in particular for developing countries facing health threats. The article gives a close-up view of the experiences of a network of bio-medical
research within academic institutions collaborating with clinical facilities within the Ministry of Public
Health. The purpose of collaboration was the production of essential scientific information that could
translate into useful clinical and epidemiological applications. The article reveals the tacit potentials, in
personnel and facility, embedded within the Ministry that, if properly managed and supported, could be
utilized in order to enhance this essential collaborative activity
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy by E2000 ESWL system in Thabo Crown Prince hospital 
abstract:This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 370 patients to assess the
efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in removing their renal or
ureteral calculi in Thabo Crown Prince Hospital in the period from March 2006 to March
2007. There were no severe complications and, at the three-month follow-up, KUB radiography
revealed stone-free pictures in an average of 66.21 percent patients who underwent
the procedure. Thus, it is concluded that ESWL is a good alternative intervention
for the removal of renal and ureteral calculi, especially those smaller than 20 mm.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Job satisfaction of hospital personnel with the universal coverage health insurance pol 
abstract:The purpose of this research was to study the levels of job satisfaction of Pakkhad
Hospital staff, Nongkhai Province, with the policy on universal coverage of health insurance.
The population comprised 80 staff who had been working at least one year. The
data were collected by questionnaires. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard
deviation) were used in data analysis. The result showed that the job satisfaction of the
staff, with regard to the universal coverage of health insurance policy, was at a moderate
level. Job satisfaction with regard to responsibility in work, satisfaction with policy and
admi-nistration, compensation and fringe benefits, working freedom in health services,
interpersonal relations, position advancement and working conditions was at a moderate
level.
Based on this research, it is suggested that the compensation and fringe benefits of
staff should be improved and health personnel should be supported in continuing their
studies so as to improve their academic status. For this, they could be better equipped and
become a greater help as human resources of the department for the development of the
organization.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Retinal examination of type 2 diabetes patients at Thaluang hospital, Lop Buri province 
abstract:Serious complications of the eyes often occur in diabetic patients. This research was
aimed at studying diabetes retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes patients who were registered
with the diabetic clinic of Thaluang Hospital, Lop Buri Province, using pictures
from a fundus camera. All pictures from this camera were interpreted by an ophthalmologist.
In addition, if some cases could not be diagnosed by the pictures taken, these
cases were examined by the ophthalmologist directly. Out of 763 type 2 diabetic patients
(86.31% of all the diabetic patients), 87 patients (11.40%) had to be examined by the ophthalmologist.
The results of this examination revealed that there were 121 cases of non-proliferative
diabetic retinopathy (15.89%); seven cases of proliferative diabetic retinophathy (0.92%); 15 cases of glaucoma (1.97%); 44 cases of presenile cataract (5.77%); and 156 cases
of senile cataract (20.45%).
The results of this study showed that DR could be found in the early years of diagnosis
as type 2 diabetic patients. The percentage of DR increased in relation to the number
of years after the patients were diagnosed as diabetic. Screening DR by examining pictures
from a fundus camera is appropriate for community hospitals and hospitals that
have no ophthalmologist because it could be performed in these hospitals and sent to the
ophthalmologist for diagnosing later. Therefore, using pictures from the fundus camera
to search for DR in diabetic patients would decrease a large number of patients who
should be examined directly by ophthalmologists.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Factors effective in lowering blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patients in the diabetes clinic of Saraphi hospital, Chiang Mai province 
abstract:The purpose of this research, which is a descriptive study, was to study the relationship between effective factors to decrease the blood sugar level of the diabetes mellitus
patients who are clients of the Diabetes Clinic, and actual decreases in blood sugar levels.
The samples were 176 non-insulin-dependent type diabetes mellitus patients who were
clients of the Diabetes Clinic, Saraphi Hospital, Chiang Mai, during the period from October 2006 to December 2006, using purposive sampling according to required characteristics. The data collection method was a combination of interviews and studies of medical
records. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, and chi-square for hypothesis
testing.
The research results were as follows: about half (48.9%) of the samples had decreased
blood sugar levels and most samples (53.4%) had self-care at a good level. Moreover, it
was found that age, weight, and period of being diabetic were not related to decreased
blood sugar levels, but the self-care of the patients was related to a decreased blood sugar
level, statistically significant at the .05 level.
This research result is useful for the officers concerned, as guidance for enlightening
other diabetes mellitus patients formally by focusing on the self-care of diabetic patients
in order to obtain more effective services.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Non-thai laborers attending Klaeng hospital, Rayong province 
abstract:This was an exploratory and retrospective study, the objective of which was to study
the medical treatment provided to aliens availing themselves of remedial services, medical privileges, and the expenses paid for such services at Klaeng Hospital in Rayong
Province.  The data were collected using the HIM Pro. program, which extracted data
from the medical records of this group of patients and their families who sought medical
treatment in the previous year (from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007). The total
6,165 cases comprised 5,792 out-patients and 373 in- patients. The analysis used percentages and means. The results of the study found that the majority of the non-Thai laborers and their families were Cambodian, aged 21-25 years, with mean age being 26.5 years
old.  With regard to the medical privilege, they paid the fee concerned by themselves, the
cost of which exceeded the privilages obtained.  The majority of alien laborers were using
the services for medical check-ups for employment purposes, health promotion, antenatal care (ANC), immunization, family planning, etc. The major diseases or illness found
were injury, and gastro-intestinal tract and respiratory tract problems, 13.37, 7.10, 5.94
percent, respectively. The infected diseases found in the out-patient section were diarrhea, tuberculosis, syphilis, HIV, and food poisoning in 1.19, 0.22, 0.19, 0.10, 0.07 percent
of the cases, respectively.  Admitted patients had diarrhea, dengue hemorrhagic fever,
HIV, appendicitis and viral hepatitis in 2.86, 1.07, 1.07, 0.54, 0.27 of the cases, respectively.
As for the expenses for the medical treatment of the alien laborers that did not have such
privileges, the study found that 54.49 percent of the patients were able to pay the fees.
The out- patients had a greater capacity to pay the fees than the patients admitted to the
hospital.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Implementation of standard pratices in mental health and psychiatric services for a primary care unit, Phichit province 
abstract:Mental and psychiatric illnesses are major health problems and the trend is increasing.
Most seekers of health care still lack adequate treatment, and preventive and rehabilitative
coverage. Thus, health personnel working in primary care units (PCUs) are persons
who are able to provide complete services in better caring for their clients.
The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the standard practice of mental
health and psychiatric services in various PCUs in Phichit Province. The survey samples were colleagues who authorized mental health and psychiatric services at 51 PCUs in
Phichit Province. Data were collected from September to November 2007. The instruments
consisted of questionnaires for the standard practice of mental health and psychiatric
services from the Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health (2005).
The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and content analysis. The findings of the
study revealed that 66.27 percent of the overall PCU analysis was fairly satisfactory.
Independent PCU analysis found that 17 PCUs (33.3%) were dissatisfied, 14 PCUs (27.5%)
were fairly satisfied, 13 PCUs (25.5%) were satisfied and 7 PCUs (13.7%) were very satisfied.
However, this study found that important limitations to mental health and psychiatric
services that followed standard practices were the patients’ lack of knowledge and
understanding about mental health and psychiatric services, a lack of specialists in mental
health and psychiatric services and continued development of specialists; these shortcomings
must be resolved. Other limitations were an inadequate support system and
insufficiency of mental health reports. This article suggests that the strategy and policy
planning for the mental health and psychiatric services for the primary care unit (PCU) in
Phichit Province need improvement.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Factors effecting the social movement of diabetic patient groups in Saraphi district, Chiang Mai province 
abstract:Social movement is a way to solve some of the problems of diabetes.  The aim of this
research was to study factors affecting the social movement of diabetic patient groups in
Saraphi district, Chiang Mai Province.  A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done
during the period from October to November 2007.  The study population were 469 diabetic patients in the primary care unit; they had been chosen by the stratified random
sampling method.  The contents of the study were knowledge about social movement,
social network density and frames of social movement.
Findings revealed that the majority had low social network density and inadequate
knowledge about social movement.  About haft of the diabetic patients had progressive
frames of social movement.  The conditions of these factors affected the lack of social
movement. Diabetic patient groups should be developed and supported by adequate
social movement knowledge, resulting in increasing social network density
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Umbilical cord care using alcohol vs. dry cotton wool 
abstract:A randomized controlled trial for determining the incidence of omphalitis and observing cord separation time in two groups of newborn infants used two different methods of umbilical cord care, namely, cleaning with alcohol or with dry cotton wool.  Of 384
full-term newborns, 169 were assigned randomly to receive dry cord care and 188 infants
alcohol cleaning.  Both groups were followed up for examination at one week and one
month after delivery.  There was only one infant in each group showing signs of omphalitis.  Cord separation time in the alcohol group was significantly longer than in the dry
cord care group (8.03 days vs 6.74 days; p-value < 0.05).
It was concluded that dry cord care should be recommended for umbilical cord care
in newborn infants based on the results of the study that it did not increase the incidence
of omphalitis and took a comparatively shorter time to achieve cord separation.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Treatment of HIV-infected and AIDs patients at Ladbualuang hospital, Phra Naknon Sri Ayutthaya province 
abstract:The research objective was to study the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs
and the effective technique in taking care of HIV-infected and AIDS patients. The research
sample comprised 50 HIV-infected and AIDS patients taking ARV drugs. The
scope of the study included their sex, age, occupation, and time period before starting to
take ARV, history of ARV drug usage, CD4 levels before and after treatment, drug side
effects, prevalence of opportunistic infections, causes of changing drug formula, and
mortality rate; all data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The result of the research
showed no difference among male and female subjects, whose age ranged from 30 to 39
years. Previous occupations were employees and industrial workers. The CD4 response
study disclosed that the group of subjects who had CD4 levels of 0-100 cells/mm3 had changed little from previous levels after the patients had taken drugs until the end of 24
months, with the highest CD4 level average being 68 cells/mm3. The second group had
CD4 levels of 101-200 cells/mm3; the CD4 level average increased until the patients had
taken drugs at the end of 24 months with the average being 173 cells/mm3. The third
group had CD4 levels of >200 cells/mm3; the CD4 level continued to increase when the
patients had taken drugs at the end of 24 months, with the highest average being 447.55
cells/mm3. The study about their weight found that it clearly changed and that about
opportunistic infections found that the most frequent were cryptococcosis (8%) and PCP
(6%). The change in drug formula was because of drug side effects. The study about
adverse drug reaction found that the most frequent were rash (8%) and hepatitis (6%).