plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: An Investigation into the Role of Language in Regional Connectivity in Afghanistan and Pakistan 
abstract: regional connectivity and integration between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashto Language  , social, and economic contexts to bring connectivity between the countries Afghanistan and
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Valor behind the Burqa: Afghan women's fight against Covid-19 
abstract: economic uncertainty prevalent in Afghanistan. The country has been wrecked by 20 years of long war, political fragility, severe social and economic  the lives of Afghan women, leading
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Assessment of the change of trend in precipitation over Afghanistan in 1979–2019 
abstract: , economic, and  Afghanistan is frequently ranked among the countries most vulnerable to climate change (Kreft, et al., 2015). Afghanistan, as a society often based on the rural economy
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Afghan External Migration Movements in the Historical Process 
abstract: aid caused the deepening of the economic crisis in Afghanistan and the exacerbation of poverty. The above mentioned reasons forced the Afghan people struggling with hunger to
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: The assessment of an extended set of socio-economic determinants to explain anxiety and uncertainty, insufficient quality and food intake of Afghan refugees 
abstract:Objectives:In this study, socio-economic factors associated with Afghan refugee households’ food insecurity, anxiety and uncertainty, insufficient quality and food intake were determined
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Measuring Religion from Behavior: Climate Shocks and Religious Adherence in Afghanistan 
abstract: that as economic conditions in Afghanistan worsen, people become more religiously observant. The effects are most pronounced in areas where droughts have the biggest economic
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Modern South Asia: history, culture, political economy 
abstract: of the subcontinent’s social, economic and political past.  economic development in the context of the ‘rise’ of Asia and strategic shifts occasioned by the US withdrawal from Afghanistan
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Russia, Central Asia and Non‐traditional Security Threats from Afghanistan following the US Withdrawal 
abstract: As Russia's economy was growing, the prices for the Afghan heroin went down and it flooded the Russian market. By the mid-2010s, Russia consumed almost as much as all of Europe
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Taliban 2.0 and Afghanistan–Pakistan Relations 
abstract: —to Afghan politics, polity and economy after a lapse of some 20 years. The US, which had remained in this war-ravaged country for two decades, opted to conduct a large-scale rescue
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Engage, isolate, or oppose: American policy toward the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 
abstract: However, a go-slow approach on measures to help stabilize the Afghan economy would exacerbate the humanitarian crisis in ways that could have long-term consequences in terms of
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: A national governance approach to the political nature and role of business: case study of the mobile telecommunications industry in Afghanistan 
abstract: 52), excluding the informal economy of opium production that peaked in 2007 (UNODC, 2015, p. 37). In the past, the Afghan state implemented neoliberal economic policies in close
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Social capital and structural disadvantages: A case of Community‐Driven Development program in Afghanistan 
abstract: economic causes of Afghanistan's civil war as well as to build the necessary infrastructure, enhance formal local governance, facilitate state and community's relation, and get the social
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: THE IMPACT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN AFGHANISTAN 
abstract: The Afghanistan economy is facing a number of problems  The most difficult and major problem in the Afghan economy is  The economy of Afghanistan has experienced difficult times
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Investigating the Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Iran-Afghanistan Trade from 2004-2018 
abstract: economic sanctions on trade between Iran and Afghanistan  the imposition of any strong economic sanctions, in the long  increased trade between Iran and Afghanistan. On the other
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF AFGHANISTAN FOR INDIA IN THE 21st CENTURY 
abstract: Afghanistan is already of strategic and geo-economics interest for China owing to the withdrawal of the USA, Chinese influence will grow in this region. China is curiously overserving
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Dynamics of Afghanistans Evolving Situation: Repercussions on Pakistan and China Pakistan Economic Corridor Security 
abstract: interests from Afghanistan. The uncertain movements inside and around Afghanistan are  of socio-political, geoeconomic and strategic scenarios for Afghanistan and regional powers in
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Drought perception and field-level adaptation strategies of farming households in drought-prone areas of Afghanistan 
abstract: to drought have hardly been explored in Afghanistan. The analysis of the difference in  in Afghanistan. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of agriculture in Afghanistan's economy
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Narcotics smuggling in a new Afghanistan, and the Afghanistan-Pakistan nexus1 
abstract: Afghanistan’s opium and heroin trade and the Afghanistan-Pakistan drug smuggling nexus. It begins with a brief overview of a collapsing formal economy  in the Afghan economy and its
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: The situation in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of US troops and its impact on regional security 
abstract: subsequent withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan created a complex military and  Afghan people. Today, Uzbekistan's Afghan strategy is aim date maintaining pragmatic economic
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: The Rise of Taliban in Afghanistan in 2021 and its Security Implications for Pakistan 
abstract: recognition of the Afghan Taliban government Pakistan’s role in the Afghan peace process was  In this research work, an attempt has been made to address the political, socio-economic
location: , 'Afghanistan 
year: 2022 source: scholar global 
title: Afghanistan and its neighbourhood challenges and opportunities of international interaction 
abstract: economic sustainability. The countries of the region have their own strategic and economic interests in Afghanistan.  the Taliban in the hope of securing economic access to South Asia.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2024 source: BMC 
title: Assessing unConventional Evidence (ACE) tool: development and content of a tool to assess the strengths and limitations of ‘unconventional’ source materials 
abstract:BackgroundWhen deciding whether to implement an intervention, decision-makers typically have questions on feasibility and acceptability and on factors affecting implementation. Descriptions of programme implementation and of policies and systems are rich sources of information for these questions. However, this information is often not based on empirical data collected using explicit methods. To use the information in unconventional source materials in syntheses or other decision support products, we need methods of assessing their strengths and limitations. This paper describes the development and content of the Assessing unConventional Evidence (ACE) tool, a new tool to assess the strengths and limitations of these sources.MethodsWe developed the ACE tool in four stages: first, we examined existing tools to identify potentially relevant assessment criteria. Second, we drew on these criteria and team discussions to create a first draft of the tool. Third, we obtained feedback on the draft from potential users and methodologists, and through piloting the tool in evidence syntheses. Finally, we used this feedback to iteratively refine the assessment criteria and to improve our guidance for undertaking the assessment.ResultsThe tool is made up of 11 criteria including the purpose and context of the source; the completeness of the information presented; and the extent to which evidence is provided to support the findings made. Users are asked to indicate whether each of the criteria have been addressed. On the basis of their judgements for each criterion, users then make an overall assessment of the limitations of the source, ranging from no or very minor concerns to serious concerns. These assessments can then facilitate appropriate use of the evidence in decision support products.ConclusionsThrough focussing on unconventional source materials, the ACE tool fills an important gap in the range of tools for assessing the strengths and limitations of policy-relevant evidence and supporting evidence-informed decision-making.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2024 source: BMC 
title: "Research ends with publication": a qualitative study on the use of health policy and systems research in Ethiopia 
abstract:BackgroundDecision-making about the design and implementation of health care policies should be supported by research evidence. This article reports on a qualitative study on the experiences of both research institutes and policymakers in Ethiopia in generating and using research evidence to inform health policy decision-making.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted from January through March 2020, with representatives of research institutes and with policymakers in Ethiopia. The data collected during the interviews were analyzed thematically.ResultsHalf of the institutions represented had engaged in health policy and systems research (HPSR). These institutes’ capacities were limited by multiple factors, including unsupportive research environments; the limited number of researchers with extensive experience; high turnover among senior researchers; lack of staff motivation mechanisms; underdeveloped research culture; limited technical and analytical capacity among researchers; lack of core funding for HPSR; ineffective financial management; and, lack of connections with health policy platforms. Research institutes also lacked the capacity in strategic packaging of findings to influence policy decision-making, although some programs have recently improved in this area. Meanwhile, there lacked a culture of using evidence in policymaking settings. In general, we found that policymakers had poor attitudes towards the quality or value of the evidence, and had little capacity to interpret evidence and apply findings to policy options. As a result, much of the research produced by the institutes have only been relevant academically, with little impact on policy. However, respondents reported that the environment is slowly changing, and the recent creation of a Research Advisory Council at the Ministry of Health offers a promising model.ConclusionsDespite some recent changes, in Ethiopia researchers and policymakers alike often tend to consider health policy and systems research (HPSR) to be not very valuable since the findings generated are rarely used for evidence-informed policy development. Research institutes and researchers need to strengthen their technical, analytical, and administrative capacities (through, among other efforts, seeking more funding for research, and better incentives to attract, retain and build skills among qualified researchers); they also need to improve their understanding of the evidence-to-policy cycle and how to engage effectively with policymakers.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2023 source: BMC 
title: A scoping review of the globally available tools for assessing health research partnership outcomes and impacts 
abstract:BackgroundHealth research partnership approaches have grown in popularity over the past decade, but the systematic evaluation of their outcomes and impacts has not kept equal pace. Identifying partnership assessment tools and key partnership characteristics is needed to advance partnerships, partnership measurement, and the assessment of their outcomes and impacts through systematic study.ObjectiveTo locate and identify globally available tools for assessing the outcomes and impacts of health research partnerships.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL + , PsychINFO) with an a priori strategy from inception to June 2021, without limits. We screened studies independently and in duplicate, keeping only those involving a health research partnership and the development, use and/or assessment of tools to evaluate partnership outcomes and impacts. Reviewer disagreements were resolved by consensus. Study, tool and partnership characteristics, and emerging research questions, gaps and key recommendations were synthesized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsWe screened 36 027 de-duplicated citations, reviewed 2784 papers in full text, and kept 166 studies and three companion reports. Most studies originated in North America and were published in English after 2015. Most of the 205 tools we identified were questionnaires and surveys targeting researchers, patients and public/community members. While tools were comprehensive and usable, most were designed for single use and lacked validity or reliability evidence. Challenges associated with the interchange and definition of terms (i.e., outcomes, impacts, tool type) were common and may obscure partnership measurement and comparison. Very few of the tools identified in this study overlapped with tools identified by other, similar reviews. Partnership tool development, refinement and evaluation, including tool measurement and optimization, are key areas for future tools-related research.ConclusionThis large scoping review identified numerous, single-use tools that require further development and testing to improve their psychometric and scientific qualities. The review also confirmed that the health partnership research domain and its measurement tools are still nascent and actively evolving. Dedicated efforts and resources are required to better understand health research partnerships, partnership optimization and partnership measurement and evaluation using valid, reliable and practical tools that meet partners’ needs.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2023 source: BMC 
title: Assessing the impact of an evidence- and consensus-based guideline for controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission in German schools on decision-making processes: a multi-component qualitative analysis 
abstract:IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-making on measures to reduce or prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools was rendered difficult by a rapidly evolving and uncertain evidence base regarding their effectiveness and unintended consequences. To support decision-makers, an interdisciplinary panel of scientific experts, public health and school authorities as well as those directly affected by school measures, was convened in an unprecedented effort to develop an evidence- and consensus-based public health guideline for German schools. This study sought to assess whether and how this guideline impacted decision-making processes.MethodsThis study comprised three components: (1) we sent inquiries according to the Freedom of Information Acts of each Federal State to ministries of education, family, and health. (2) We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in decision-making regarding school measures in two Federal States, and (3) we undertook semi-structured interviews with members of the guideline panel. The content of response letters in component 1 was analysed descriptively; data for components 2 and 3 were analysed using deductive-inductive thematic qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz.ResultsResponses to the Freedom of Information Act inquiries showed that the guideline was recognised as a relevant source of information by ministries of education in nine out of 16 Federal States and used as a reference to check existing directives for school measures in five Federal States. All participants (20 interviews) emphasised the value of the guideline given its evidence- and consensus-based development process but also noted limitations in its usability and usefulness, e.g., lack of context-specificity. It was consulted by participants who advised policy-makers (5 interviews) alongside other sources of evidence. Overall, perceptions regarding the guideline’s impact were mixed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the guideline was relatively well-known in Federal States’ decision-making bodies and that it was considered alongside other forms of evidence in some of these. We suggest that further research to evaluate the impact of public health guidelines on (political) decision-making is warranted. Guideline development processes may need to be adapted to account for the realities of decision-making during public health emergencies and beyond.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2023 source: BMC 
title: Opportunities to improve the adoption of health-related quality of life evidence as part of the French Health Technology Assessment process 
abstract:ObjectivesPatient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome measure that is considered by many payers and health technology assessment (HTA) bodies in the evaluation of treatments. We aimed to identify opportunities for HRQoL to be further incorporated into the assessment of the French HTA by comparing three health systems. We put forward recommendations that could bring further innovations to French patients.MethodsWe reviewed methodologies by the French, German and British HTA, and conducted a systematic review of all French (n = 312) and German (n = 175) HTA appraisals from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. We also setup an advisory board of 11 ex-HTA leaders, payers, methodologists, healthcare providers and patient advocates, from France, Britain and Germany, to discuss opportunities to improve acceptance and adoption of HRQoL evidence in France.ResultsOur systematic review of HTA appraisals showed a higher HRQoL data rejection rate in France: in > 75% of cases the HRQoL evidence submitted was not accepted for the assessment (usually for methodological reasons, for example, data being considered exploratory; 16–75% of the appraisals mentioned HRQoL evidence, varying by therapeutic area). Overall, we found the French HTA to be more restrictive in its approach than IQWiG.ConclusionsBased on these findings we articulate collaborative proposals for industry and the HAS to improve acceptance of HRQoL evidence and create a positive feedback loop between HAS and industry along four dimensions (1) patient perception, (2) testing hierarchy, (3) trial design and (4) data collection.
location: nan, 'Global 
year: 2023 source: BMC 
title: Prioritising and incentivising productivity within indicator-based approaches to Research Impact Assessment: a commentary 
abstract:Research Impact Assessment (RIA) represents one of a suite of policies intended to improve the impact generated from investment in health and medical research (HMR). Positivist indicator-based approaches to RIA are widely implemented but increasingly criticised as theoretically problematic, unfair, and burdensome. This commentary proposes there are useful outcomes that emerge from the process of applying an indicator-based RIA framework, separate from those encapsulated in the metrics themselves. The aim for this commentary is to demonstrate how the act of conducting an indicator-based approach to RIA can serve to optimise the productive gains from the investment in HMR. Prior research found that the issues regarding RIA are less about the choice of indicators/metrics, and more about the discussions prompted and activities incentivised by the process. This insight provides an opportunity to utilise indicator-based methods to purposely optimise the research impact. An indicator-based RIA framework specifically designed to optimise research impacts should: focus on researchers and the research process, rather than institution-level measures; utilise a project level unit of analysis that provides control to researchers and supports collaboration and accountability; provide for prospective implementation of RIA and the prospective orientation of research; establish a line of sight to the ultimate anticipated beneficiaries and impacts; Include process metrics/indicators to acknowledge interim steps on the pathway to final impacts; integrate ‘next’ users and prioritise the utilisation of research outputs as a critical measure; Integrate and align the incentives for researchers/research projects arising from RIA, with those existing within the prevailing research system; integrate with existing peer-review processes; and, adopt a system-wide approach where incremental improvements in the probability of translation from individual research projects, yields higher impact across the whole funding portfolio.Optimisation of the impacts from HMR investment represents the primary purpose of Research Impact policy. The process of conducting an indicator-based approach to RIA, which engages the researcher during the inception and planning phase, can directly contribute to this goal through improvements in the probability that an individual project will generate interim impacts. The research project funding process represents a promising forum to integrate this approach within the existing research system.