location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2014 source: HSRI 
title: การศึกษาและพัฒนาต้นแบบหัวฉีดวัคซีนไข้หวัดชนิดพ่นทางจมูกในเชิงพาณิชย์ 
abstract:The flu is epidemic disease that has spread rapidly. Although many patients are not show the symptoms but it lead to loss of time and money. Now a day, there are emergences of new virus outbreaks. A lot of patients were infected with the flu in Thailand. They were admitted to the hospital. The government had lost and enormous of money budgeted to maintain and procurement of vaccines from abroad. They caused the vaccine research and development projects urgently to produce a vaccine for local service providers to reduce the cost of importing. Thereby encouraging vaccination against this disease is essential. However, the respiratory organ is the target to infect from the other viruses. So, the nasal spray vaccine is alternative to produce immune system for protect themselves.
According, this research study of the properties and the nasal spray vaccine raw materials and production processes, injection vaccine nasal spray. Study and design products according to the study and development of a nasal spray vaccine. The development of a computer simulation program was applied to design and simulation the head of nasal spray vaccine. The vaccine has the ability to spray vaccine to the desired size and distribution of the aerosol vaccine. To study the performance of the head of nasal spray vaccine by analyzing the size and direction based on the properties of the vaccine given. That would lead to the production of the vaccine is effective. Results and products include molding and the head of nasal spray. Including, technology in manufacturing processes indeed helpful and support to commercial development in the future.
With education and advanced production technology. This research aims to design and develop the injection head of vaccine nasal spray that had the potential of industry standards to produce the injection head of vaccine nasal spray, referring by "Guidance for Industry Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Nasal Aerosols and Nasal Sprays for Local Action" published by the Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). After there are the best of design, then to design molds for plastic injection nozzles produce a vaccine injection hole size master with 3 sizes of 50, 100 and 150 microns, which can be sprayed aerosol spray out completely. The tests concluded that only 50 micrometers injector prototype can spray with a particle size in the range of desired properties is 20 - 100 micron particles, which will be distributed and fill to the target organ as directly. The vaccination of 50 micrometers, thereby fulfilling the requirements and can be applied to the nasal spray vaccine. While the vaccine prototype 100 and 150 micrometers, although spray particle size than the size of aerosol particles is preferred from 37.05 to 115.2 and 42.24 to 129.2 micrometers respectively with an aerosol vaccine cannot move to the incident on the organ. The goal is the full unit volume required. The problem will solve by increase the volume of vaccine.
However, three vaccinations prototypes also be applied to use benefit in the pharmaceutical, Medical and the other various public industries. Thailand will be success of the prototype and can produce the vaccine ourselves. In addition, Production technology of molding and prototypes that also be used to study the development and improvement of the products that exactly are beneficial to the country anymore.