plueme/wizJson huggingface dataset:
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Phototype development of palliative care services for end-of-life patients through community participation in Selaphum district, Roi Et province 
abstract:The purpose of this research was to study the prototype development of palliative
care services for end-of-life patients through community participation in Selaphum district,
Roi Et Province, between January and September 2008. The aim was to explore and
develop continuity of palliative care from the hospital to the community by using three
steps in a participatory process, i.e. preparation, planning and implementation phases.
Data were collected by using questionnaires and interviews. The results revealed that the
participation processes were used throughout the study by consulting and by group discussion.
The policy was developed; the palliative care unit was established and team was
formed, including hospital staff, health-care workers, volunteers, and patients’ relatives.
A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study. The most common group, which included 35 patients, comprised those with cancer. The most common services provided
were demonstration and skill training for patients’ relatives to enable them to take care of
the patients at home. There were 18 funeral cere-monies which staff could join. Development
of the services had followed the “4S” principles: start early, stakeholders, sincerity
and suitability. Situation analysis found the strength of the service was sound policy and
good communication between stakeholders, but the weaknesses were budget schemes
which did not support the service set up. Opportunities in the participatory process were
assigned by the Constitution and the Ministry of Public Health’s policy, but there were
also threats about staff confusion concerning decentralization to the local government
level.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Evaluation of emergency medical services at the scene by rescue teams, Sungmen district, Phrae province 
abstract:This descriptive research was aimed at evaluating emergency medical services in
Sungmen district, Phrae Province. Information was collected from emergency medical
service record sheets in the period January 1 - December 31, 2007. Descriptive and content
analyses of the data were used. The major findings were as follows: the mean of response
times of advance life support (ALS) level was 10.38 minutes, with a standard deviation of
6.39 minutes (more than the national standard), in basic life support (BLS) and first
responder (FR) levels, the means were 6.24 and 6.29 minutes, with the standard deviations
being 2.22 and 2.67 minutes. The means of on scene time of ALS, BLS, FR levels were 5.90, 4.27 and 3.62 minutes, with standard deviations of 3.83, 2.59 and 2.16 minutes. Evaluation
of all treatments on the scene by doctors were: treatment of respiratory system in
ALS level was done properly 100 percent of the time, while in the BLS and FR levels, the
treatments were not done in 50 and 53.84 percent of cases requiring treatment. Stoppage
of bleeding in the ALS level was done properly 100 percent of the time, in the BLS level it
was not done properly in 2.08 percent and not done at all in 16.67 percent of the cases,
while in the FR level it was not done in 33.33 percent of the cases requiring treatment.
Splints and slabs in the ALS level were properly applied 100 percent of the time, while
in the BLS and FR levels, they were not done in 10.71 and 14.28 percent of the cases requiring
treatment respectively. Although most rescuers were trained in emergency practices,
they all needed more skill and knowledge. The training methods should be revised
accordingly.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Outcomes of the prevention of the mother-to-child HIV transmission project in Naknon Ratchasima province : 2003-2007 
abstract:A study of the outcomes of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Project in
Nakhon Ratchasima Province was aimed at assessing the achievements of 29 government
hospitals in the period from October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2007, and determining strategies for improving the effectiveness of the project.
This study follows a descriptive epidemiological study design. Secondary data on pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and giving birth at those hospitals, together with
the outcomes of children born to HIV-infected mothers during fiscal years 2003-2007, were
analyzed by the Epi Info V. 3.3.2. descriptive statistics program.
The percentage of pregnant women who were tested for HIV increased from 97.1 percent in 2003 to 99.7 percent in 2007. The HIV-positive rate among pregnant women peaked
in 2004 at 1.2 percent before declining to 0.8 percent in 2007. Women giving birth had relatively stable HIV infection rates (0.6-0.8%). However, the proportion of pregnant women
with HIV- positive status who received antiviral drugs (AZT) rose from 86 percent to 100
percent in the period from 2003 to 2007. Those who received AZT for at least four weeks
increased from 72.7 percent in 2003 to 91.9 percent in 2007, while the remainder received the
antivirals for fewer than four weeks. Newborn babies receiving AZT also increased from
46.2 percent to 78.4 in 2007.
The surviving babies had been monitored for HIV infection until reaching the age of
18 -24 months and the follow-up rates rose from 73.5 percent in 2003 to 81.6 percent in 2007.
Every baby (100%) was provided with infant formula powdered milk before leaving the
hospital. The rate of loss to follow-up decreased from 35.3 percent to 18.4 percent during the
period 2003-2007. The main reason was change of address (87.5%), followed by guardians
not wanting to know the HIV status of their child (12.5%). Among those infants whose
blood was available for HIV testing, the HIV-positive rate was highest in 2003 at 6.4 percent
(9 cases), then the number of HIV-positive infants decreased to 5 (2.6%), 6 (3.7%), 2 (1.6%),
and 1 case (0.7%), respectively, during the period 2004-2007.
Conclusions: Overall, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Project in fiscal years 2003-2007 successfully achieved its objectives and was implemented at all government hospitals in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The outcomes of the project improved during that period. The percentage of mothers and infants who were tested for HIV and received antiviral drugs increased and resulted in a drop in maternal HIV transmission in the
province. Given the significant decline in the trends of the HIV infection rate among children aged 18-24 months, the project achieved the national target of lowering maternal HIV
transmission below 6 percent.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Satisfaction of public health personnel with the services provided by the contracting unit of the Primary Care board, Bankhai hospital, Rayong province 
abstract:The purpose of this descriptive research study was to examine the level of satisfaction
of health personnel with the services provided by the Contracting Unit of Primary
Care (CUP) Board, Bankhai Hospital. Those services consist of planning, organizing,
leading and controlling. The study samples were 118 public health personnel working in
the CUP Board. The research instruments were demographic questionnaire and satisfaction
questionnaire with a five rating-scale. Data were analyzed by using percentage, mean,
standard deviation, and F-test.
The results of this study revealed that the public health personnelûs satisfaction was
at the middle level. Their differences in sex, age, work experience, education level, and
place of work were statistically different at the 0.05 level with regard to satisfaction with
the CUP Board’s services.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Leadership and Mental Development Model 
abstract:In this chapter Edith Kramer discusses her experience in art therapy at Wiltwyck Boys School in
New York on particular cases of poor and problematic children as it related to their citizen rights and
national origins. These children’s initial drawings showed their own cultural and national beliefs along
with the problem of integrating into the mainstream culture. Later on they somehow succeeded in making
drawings, compromised with the new culture, and their work was copied by other children. These
children enjoyed their leadership position and were proud of their development, indicating by their progress
that they had normal mental and emotional status and were living normal lives thereafter.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Thai Pharmacistsû Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Intention to Quit 
abstract:This research was conducted to determine the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational
commitments and the intention to quit among Thai pharmacists, and to compare the influence of latent
variables in the model between pharmacists working in government service and private organizations. A
literature review was carried out in order to develop the assumption model. The study population comprised
pharmacists whose names were retrieved from the Pharmacy Council documentary system and
who had worked as a professional pharmacist for either the government service or private organizations.
The questionnaires, Cronbach alpha 0.63 - 0.94, covered individual dimensions, job satisfaction, organizational
commitment and intention to quit. A total of 542 pharmacists completed the questionnaires. Descriptive
statistics were used to analyze the data collected and t-test was used to compare the average
means. The LISREL program (version 8.72) was used for model testing and multi-group analysis. It was
found that the pharmacists who worked for private organizations had a higher level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The relationship model consisted of individual factors, job satisfaction,
organizational commitment and intention to quit; organizational commitment showed the highest correlation
with the intention to quit. The model accounted for 45.0 percent of the variance in intention to quit
and there was invariance across groups.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: The National Health System Constitution: A Tool for Health System Reform from the Legal Perspective 
abstract:The constitution of the national health system under the National Health Act B.E. 2550 (2007) shall
be deemed as a framework and guideline in making policies, strategies and assessing the performance of
activities in respect of national health. In other words, the health system constitution is the national framework
for the health system, providing for the state of human beings that are perfect in physical, mental,
intellectual and social aspects, all of which are holistic in balance. This study used documentary research
and in-depth interviews; it is aimed at exploring the legal status of the national health system constitution,
how it binds relevant organizations, the linkages with rights and duties in respect of health and the
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand and its implementation in practice.The national health system constitution is not a formal law and has no legal sanction, but with the
approval of the Council of Ministers, the health system constitution shall be binding on relevant parties,
including state agencies, civil society, politicians and the government. This does not reflect a weakness in
the Act. This Act uses a “mountain-moving triangle” strategy and health assembly for implementing
some restrictions on interested parties, using a participatory approach.
For the purpose of implementing the fundamental principles in the national health system constitution,
there should be some relationship between this constitution and the provisions in Chapter 3 (Rights
and Liberties of the Thai People) and Chapter 5 (Directive Principles of Fundamental State Policies) of the
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, including section 163 of the Constitution. Therefore, the National
Health Act constitutes the model for health laws. Moreover, the health system constitution should
be mentioned in government policy and the administration of the state affairs plan.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: The Current Nursing Workforce Situation in Thailand 
abstract:This study is aimed at providing a detailed analysis of the nursing workforce in Thailand and monitoring
the supply and demand of the nurse workforce. The study was conducted in order to identify the
size, age structure, and the increasing trend of the current registered nurse workforce and to assess the balance between the supply and demand for nurses in order to understand whether there is any current
shortfall or surplus. The research population consisted of 100,671 nurses registered in the Thai Nursing
Council database. The findings led to the following conclusions:
1. There were approximately 97,942 nurses in the active age group (under 60 years) registered in
Thailand by December 2005. Of these, around 88,440 or 90.3 percent participated in the nursing workforce.
At the same time, owing to the impact of the increasing demand for health services and the decreasing
supply of nursing professionals, their numbers remain woefully insufficient for meeting the country’s
health needs, with the total shortage being on the order of 31,260 full-time equivalents.
2. Although total nurse numbers have been relatively constant during the period 2000-2001, between
2000 and 2004 there was also a substantial overall decrease in the net additions to the nurse population of
35.29 percent (from 6,086 to 3,938) because of the decreases in the production of nurses and the increases
in the loss rate, from 2.35 percent in 2000 to 4.15 percent in 2005.
3. The workforce is aging; the average age of Thai nurses has increased to 37.8 years and the average
working life declined to 22 years, which is typical of most Western countries.
The nursing shortage occurring in health systems is bringing in its wake a serious crisis in terms of
their duration of adverse impacts on the health and well-being of the population. This situation poses
unprecedented challenges for policy makers and planners to take effective action in developing and sustaining
an appropriately prepared, equitably deployed, well-motivated and well-supported nurse
workforce.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Migration and Distribution of Pharmacists in Thailand: Past and Present 
abstract:The objective of this study was to describe the migration and the distribution pattern of pharmacists
in Thailand. A self-administered questionnaire survey was employed. Stratifried sampling by timing of
the compulsory pharmacist project of the Ministry of Public Health was used in the survey. The total
sample included 1,500 registered pharmacists in three sub-units: those who graduated with a bachalor’s
degree before, between, and after the compulsory pharmacist project, i.e. those who graduated between
1975 and 1988, 1989 and 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The response rate was 43.27 percent. The
results showed that 59.78 percent of the samples had moved 1.8 times on average. The mobility patterns
from their first to current workplaces were different among the three sub-groups. According to the distribution, the results indicated that the number of pharmacists was increasingly distributed into regional
areas. Most of them had worked for the government sector, especially in government hospitals. It was
concluded that the compulsory pharmacist project may effect imbalances in the distribution of pharmacists in the public and private sectors. This problem could distort the professional development of pharmacists, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry and drugstores. Therefore, it is necessary to consider
the balance in the distribution of pharmacists between the public and private sectors in Thailand.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: An Outbreak of Viral Hepatitis A in Wiangpapao District, Chiang Rai Province, 2005 
abstract:During the period February - August 2005, an outbreak of viral hepatitis A occurred in Wiangpapao
district, Chiang Rai Province. An investigation was promptly carried out in order to determine the source
of disease transmission and provide preventive and control measures. The medical records and investigation
forms of the persons diagnosed with viral hepatitis A during the outbreak were reviewed. An
environmental survey was conducted in those areas. Proportions and attack rates were used to present
the results of the analysis.
A total of 1,308 cases of hepatitis with two deaths were detected during the outbreak. One case with
diabetes mellitus died from hyperglycemia and the other died of scrub typhus. Children aged 5-14 years
had the highest attack rate (7.5 %). The male-to-female ratio was about 1.6:1. The cases were reported
from all subdistricts in Wiangpao district. Only two cases were reported in February 2005 and a number
of cases were found in April and May 2005. Of the 438 cases examined for IgM anti-hepatitis A virus, 361
(82.4%) were positive. Contaminated ice might have been the source of transmission since a lot of cases
reported that they had consumed ice produced by one factory in the district. Samples of ice from that
factory were found it to be harbouring the causative organisms. Preventive and control measures included
the establishment of a war room for planning and supporting the activities, making improvements
in food hygiene and environmental sanitation through good cooperation with local community leaders/
schools/ owners of food, drinking water, and ice-production factories, fostering health education and a
campaign for disease prevention and control, and carrying out surveillance for cases of infection in the
areas concerned. The outbreak was curtailed after intensive preventive and control measures had been
introduced.
Continuous surveillance of food handlers and water, the conduct of health education campaigns
advocating food safety among the public, and improvements in sanitation are essential activities for preventing
or at least reducing the number of future outbreaks of food- and water-borne diseases.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Chronic Care Model 
abstract:Although effective treatment of and care for some chronic diseases exist nowadays, the majority of
patients with such diseases still do not receive appropriate treatment. This is due to: (a) the rapidly rising
number of patients in parallel with the increasing age structure of the population, which exceeds the
ability of the existing health-care system; (b) the health-care system falling short in its ability to translate
knowledge into routine medical practice; and (c) the health-care delivery system being designed for acute
patient care; it is poorly organized for providing the full complement of services needed by people with
common chronic conditions. The chronic care model (CCM) was developed in the 1990s, based on the
premise that effective chronic illness care can be delivered by prepared provider teams who engage productively
with an activated, informed patient. The six dimensions of CCM that enhance this productive
interaction include the following: (1) self-management support; (2) delivery system redesign; (3) a clinical
information system; (4) decision support; (5) health-care organization; and (6) community policies and
resources. To date, CCM has been applied for patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic
respiratory diseases and asthma, depression and HIV infection. Evaluation results, particularly for diabetes,
show that the implementation of CCM improves the process and immediate outcomes of care. However,
its long-term impact on patients’ longevity is still undetermined.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Distribution and Workload of Thai Dental Nurses in a Primary Care Unit in 2006 
abstract:This study was aimed at surveying the distribution of dental hygienists and their job identification
in a primary care unit (PCU) in 2006. Also, a dental health workforce database of the Division of Dental
Health, Department of Health, was updated for 2006, using a questionnaire survey on the working status of dental nurses dispatched to 450 PCUs in Thailand’s 75 provinces. Almost all (94.9%) responded to the
questionnaire. The analysis revealed that 97 percent of the dental nurses in Thailand in 2006 were working
under the Ministry of Public Health and 95.9 percent of their workplaces were outside Bangkok. These
included 55.7 percent working in community hospitals and 32.5 percent in PCUs. The ratio nationwide of
dental nurses increased from 1:21,331 in 2002 to 1:16,883 in 2006, excluding Bangkok. Among those working
in PCUs, the workload of those involved in oral health care to other types of care was 3:1 in terms of
time sharing. The proportion of jobs in curative care, promotion and prevention, and proactive services
was cited as 3:1:1. With regard to workforce in capacity-building, training is required in (1) oral health
promotion and proactive activities, (2) oral health prevention and disease control, (3) health literacy and
communication, (4) project planning, management and evaluation according to local priorities, and (5)
first-aid treatment.
location: nan, 'Thailand 
year: 2008 source: HSRI 
title: Propagation of Knowledge about Poisonous Plants and Animals in a Community through Simple Civil Society 
abstract:This study was undertaken to determine qualitative data pertaining to the availability, beliefs, attitudes,
and utilization of poisonous plants and animals in a community using group discussion, followed
by an assessment of the efficiency of conveying the knowledge by civil society. The format was a quasiexperimental
research approach in 11 villages in Khukhan district, Sisaket Province. The experiment was
conducted by means of a stratified random sampling procedure; 120 samples were retrieved. The data
obtained were statistically assessed in respect of frequency, percentage, means plus or minute the standard
deviation, and paired t-test for comparison.
The results showed that, among the 23 kinds of poisonous plants and animals studied, jatropha,
tapioca, toad, Copelandia cyaneseens, Russula emetica, and Phaeogyroporus portentosus were present in
every village in the fields, around temples and residences, etc. This finding, together with the traditional
beliefs and attitudes of the villagers regarding poisonous plants and animals, could possibly lead to a
health risk for the community. After utilizing simple civil society communication, the study group had
shown significantly increased knowledge (p <0.05). The factors affecting the result of the learning process
included language and the villagers’ traditional beliefs and attitudes. Although the statistical increase
was not distinctive, the propagation of knowledge on poisonous plants and animals among the community
through a simple civil society was a learning strategy that was related to some extent to the educational
level in the community with regard to the local villagers in their own community. Furthermore, this
type of learning strategy may also be adapted for utilization in other public health-related work.