pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
Mary (pl, appeared 1970)
Origin: Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning
Country: Norway


Mary was a programming language designed and implemented by RUNIT at Trondheim, Norway in the 1970s. It borrowed many features from ALGOL 68 but was designed for machine-oriented programming. An unusual feature of its syntax was that expressions were constructed using the conventional infix operators, but all of them had the same precedence and evaluation went from left to right unless there were brackets. Assignment had the destination on the right and assignment was considered just another operator. Similar to C, several language features appear to have existed to allow programmers to produce reasonably well optimised code, despite a quite primitive code generator in the compiler. These included operators similar to the += et alter  in C and explicit register declarations for variables. Notable features:  "Dataflow syntax" - values flow from left to right, including assignment. Most constructs could be used in expressions (blocks, IF, CASE, etc.). Text-based recursive macros. Overloaded user-defined operators, not constrained to predefined identifiers as in C++. Automatic building and dereferencing of pointers from type context. Scalar range types. Array and set enumeration in loop iterators. Dynamic array descriptors (ROW).A book describing Mary was printed in 1974 (Fourth and last edition in 1979): Mary Textbook by Reidar Conradi & Per Holager. Compilers were made for Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk's SM-4  and Norsk Data Nord-10/ND-100 mini-computers. The original Mary compiler was written in NU ALGOL, ran on the Univac-1100 series and was used to bootstrap a native compiler for ND-100/SINTRAN-III. RUNIT implemented a CHILL compiler written in Mary which ran on ND-100 and had Intel 8086 and 80286 targets. When this compiler was ported to the VAX platform, a common backend for Mary and CHILL was implemented. Later, backends for i386 and SPARC were available. Since the Mary compiler was implemented in Mary, it was possible to run the compiler on all these platforms. Mary is no longer maintained.
MXF (binaryDataFormat, appeared 2004)
Also known as: MXF
Stands for: Material Exchange Format
Origin: European Broadcasting Union
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
Country: Switzerland and United States
File extensions: mxf


Material Exchange Format (MXF) is a container format for professional digital video and audio media defined by a set of SMPTE standards. A typical example of its use is for delivering advertisements to TV stations and tapeless archiving of broadcast TV programs.
MATH-MATIC (pl, appeared 1957)
Origin: Remington Rand
Country: United States


MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the AT-3 (Algebraic Translator 3) compiler, an early programming language for the UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II. MATH-MATIC was written beginning around 1955 by a team led by Charles Katz under the direction of Grace Hopper. A preliminary manual was produced in 1957 and a final manual the following year. Syntactically, MATH-MATIC was similar to Univac's contemporaneous business-oriented language, FLOW-MATIC, differing in providing algebraic-style expressions and floating-point arithmetic, and arrays rather than record structures.
Mathcad (pl, appeared 1986)
Origin: Mathsoft Engineering
Education, Inc
PTC Inc
Country: United States
Website: https://www.ptc.com/en/products/mathcad/


Mathcad is computer software primarily intended for the verification, validation, documentation and re-use of engineering calculations. First introduced in 1986 on DOS, it was the first to introduce live editing of typeset mathematical notation, combined with its automatic computations.
Wolfram Mathematica (editor, appeared 1988)
Origin: Wolfram Research, Inc.
Country: United States


Wolfram Mathematica (usually termed Mathematica) is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical computing — including neural networks, machine learning, image processing, geometry, data science, visualizations, and others. The system is used in many technical, scientific, engineering, mathematical, and computing fields. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica.
Mathematica (pl, appeared 1988)
Also known as: Wolfram Language
Creators: Stephen Wolfram
Origin: Wolfram Research
Country: United States
Website: http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica


Wolfram Mathematica (usually termed Mathematica) is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical computing — including neural networks, machine learning, image processing, geometry, data science, visualizations, and others. The system is used in many technical, scientific, engineering, mathematical, and computing fields. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica.
mathics (pl, appeared 2012)
Origin: https://github.com/Mathics3
Country: United States
Website: https://mathics.github.io/

Mathics is a free, general-purpose online computer algebra system featuring Mathematica-compatible syntax and functions. It is backed by highly extensible Python code, relying on SymPy for most mathematical tasks.


GitHub description: This repository is for archival. Please see https://github.com/Mathics3/mathics-core

StringJoin[Riffle[Map[ToString, Table[Fibonacci[i], {i,16}]], ", "]] <> "..."
MATHLAB (pl, appeared 1964)
Origin: The MITRE Corporation
Country: United States


MATHLAB is a computer algebra system created in 1964 by Carl Engelman at MITRE and written in  Lisp. "MATHLAB 68" was introduced in 1967 and became rather popular in university environments running on DECs PDP-6 and PDP-10 under TOPS-10 or TENEX. In 1969 this version was included in the DECUS user group's library (as 10-142) as royalty-free software. Carl Engelman left MITRE for Symbolics where he contributed his expert knowledge in the development of Macsyma.
MathLingua (pl, appeared 2019)
Origin: https://github.com/DominicKramer/mathlingua/issues
Country: United States
Website: https://www.mathlingua.org/




Result:
. for: X
  where:
  . 'X \subset \reals'
  then:
  . iff:
    . 'X is \real.compact \set'
    then:
    . 'X is \real.closed \real.bounded \set'
Metadata:
. name = "Heine-Borel Theorem"
MathML (xmlFormat, appeared 1998)
Origin: World Wide Web Consortium
Country: United States




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN"
         "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <mrow>
    <mi>a</mi> <mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo> <msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
    <mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&InvisibleTimes;</mo><mi>x</mi>
    <mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi>
  </mrow>
</math>
Matita (pl, appeared 1999)
Origin: University of Bologna
Country: Italy


Matita is an experimental proof assistant under development at the Computer Science Department of the University of Bologna. It is a tool aiding the development of formal proofs by man-machine collaboration, providing a programming environment where formal specifications, executable algorithms and automatically verifiable correctness certificates naturally coexist. Matita is based on a dependent type System known as the Calculus of (Co)Inductive Constructions (a derivative of Calculus of Constructions), and is compatible, to some extent, with Coq. The word "matita" means "pencil" in Italian (a simple and widespread editing tool). It is a reasonably small and simple application, whose architectural and software complexity is meant to be mastered by students, providing a tool particularly suited for testing innovative ideas and solutions. Matita adopts a tactic-based editing mode; (XML-encoded) proof objects are produced for storage and exchange.
MATLAB (pl, appeared 1984)
Creators: Cleve Moler
Origin: University of New Mexico
Country: United States
Website: http://mathworks.com/products/matlab


MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment. A proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, Fortran and Python. Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numerical computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for dynamic and embedded systems. As of 2017, MATLAB has over 2 million users across industry and academia. MATLAB users come from various backgrounds of engineering, science, and economics.
Matplotlib (library, appeared 2003)
Creators: John D. Hunter
Origin: https://github.com/matplotlib
Country: Various
Website: http://matplotlib.org/


matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK+. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged. SciPy makes use of matplotlib. matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter, has an active development community, and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in 2012. As of 23 June 2017, matplotlib 2.0.x supports Python versions 2.7 through 3.6. Matplotlib 1.2 is the first version of matplotlib to support Python 3.x. Matplotlib 1.4 is the last version of matplotlib to support Python 2.6.

GitHub description: matplotlib: plotting with Python
Maude (pl, appeared 1990)
Origin: Universidad de Navarra
Universidad de Málaga
Universidad Complutense
Centro Informático Científico de Andalucía
SRI International
Country: Spain and United States

Maude is a high-level language and high-performance system supporting both equational and rewriting logic computation for a wide range of applications.



fmod FACTORIAL is

   protecting INT .
   
   op undefined : -> Int .
   op _! : Int -> Int .
   
   var n : Int .
   
   eq 0 ! = 1 .
   eq n ! = if n < 0 then undefined else n * (sd(n, 1) !) fi .
   
endfm

red 11 ! .
Apache Maven (application, appeared 2004)
Origin: Apache Software Foundation
Country: United States
Website: http://maven.apache.org/

Apache Maven is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.

Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects. Maven addresses two aspects of building software: first, it describes how software is built, and second, it describes its dependencies. Unlike earlier tools like Apache Ant, it uses conventions for the build procedure, and only exceptions need to be written down. An XML file describes the software project being built, its dependencies on other external modules and components, the build order, directories, and required plug-ins. It comes with pre-defined targets for performing certain well-defined tasks such as compilation of code and its packaging. Maven dynamically downloads Java libraries and Maven plug-ins from one or more repositories such as the Maven 2 Central Repository, and stores them in a local cache. This local cache of downloaded artifacts can also be updated with artifacts created by local projects. Public repositories can also be updated. Maven can also be used to build and manage projects written in C#, Ruby, Scala, and other languages. The Maven project is hosted by the Apache Software Foundation, where it was formerly part of the Jakarta Project. Maven is built using a plugin-based architecture that allows it to make use of any application controllable through standard input. Theoretically, this would allow anyone to write plugins to interface with build tools (compilers, unit test tools, etc.) for any other language. In reality, support and use for languages other than Java has been minimal. A plugin for the .NET framework exists and is maintained, and a C/C++ native plugin is maintained for Maven 2.Alternative technologies like Gradle and sbt as build tools do not rely on XML, but keep the key concepts Maven introduced. With Apache Ivy, a dedicated dependency manager was developed as well that also supports Maven repositories.Maven still does not support reproducible builds, but developers are progressing on this task.
mavo (template, appeared 2015)
Creators: Lea Verou
Origin: https://github.com/mavoweb
Country: United States
Website: https://mavo.io/



GitHub description: Create web applications entirely by writing HTML and CSS!

<main mv-app="todo" mv-storage="local" mv-mode="edit">
 <header>
   <h1>My tasks</h1>
   <p>[count(done)] done out of [count(task)] total</p>
 </header>

 <ul>
   <li property="task" mv-multiple>
     <label>
       <input property="done" type="checkbox" />
       <span property="taskTitle">Do stuff</span>
     </label>
   </li>
   <button mv-action="delete(task where done)">
     Clear Completed
   </button>
 </ul>
</main>
Max (jsonFormat, appeared 1990)
Origin: Cycling '74
Country: United States
Website: https://cycling74.com/products/max/


Max, also known as Max/MSP/Jitter, is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74. Over its more than thirty-year history, it has been used by composers, performers, software designers, researchers, and artists to create recordings, performances, and installations.The Max program is modular, with most routines existing as shared libraries. An application programming interface (API) allows third-party development of new routines (named external objects). Thus, Max has a large user base of programmers unaffiliated with Cycling '74 who enhance the software with commercial and non-commercial extensions to the program. Because of this extensible design, which simultaneously represents both the program's structure and its graphical user interface (GUI), Max has been described as the lingua franca for developing interactive music performance software.
Maxima (pl, appeared 1982)
Origin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country: United States
Website: http://maxima.sourceforge.net/
Keywords: if
then
else
elseif
do
while
repeat
until
for
from
to
downto
step
thru


Maxima is a computer algebra system (CAS) based on a 1982 version of Macsyma. It is written in Common Lisp and runs on all POSIX platforms such as macOS, Unix, BSD, and Linux, as well as under Microsoft Windows and Android. It is free software released under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Maya Embedded Language (pl, appeared 2013)
Also known as: MEL Script
Origin: Autodesk, Inc
Country: United States


The Maya Embedded Language (MEL) is a scripting language used to simplify tasks in Autodesk's 3D Graphics Software Maya. Most tasks that can be achieved through Maya's GUI can be achieved with MEL, as well as certain tasks that are not available from the GUI. MEL offers a method of speeding up complicated or repetitive tasks, as well as allowing users to redistribute a specific set of commands to others that may find it useful.
MBASIC (pl, appeared 1983)
Origin: Microsoft


MBASIC is the Microsoft BASIC implementation of BASIC for the CP/M operating system. MBASIC is a descendant of the original Altair BASIC interpreters that were among Microsoft's first products. MBASIC was one of the two versions of BASIC bundled with the Osborne 1 computer. The name "MBASIC" is derived from the disk file name MBASIC.COM of the BASIC interpreter.
EML (textDataFormat, appeared 1974)
Origin: Internet Engineering Task Force
Country: United States


Mbox is a generic term for a family of related file formats used for holding collections of email messages, first implemented for Fifth Edition Unix. All messages in an mbox mailbox are concatenated and stored as plain text in a single file. Each message starts with the four characters "From" followed by a space (the so named "From_ line") and the sender's email address. RFC 4155 defines that a UTC timestamp follows after another separating space character. Unlike the Internet protocols used for the exchange of email, the format used for the storage of email has never been formally defined through the RFC standardization mechanism and has been entirely left to the developer of an email client. However, the POSIX standard defined a loose frame in conjunction with the mailx program. In 2005 finally, the application/mbox media type was standardized as RFC 4155, and hints that mbox stores mailbox messages in their original Internet Message (RFC 2822) format, except for the used newline character, seven-bit clean data storage, and the requirement that each newly added message is terminated with a completely empty line within the mbox database. A format similar to mbox is the MH Message Handling System. Other systems, such as Microsoft Exchange Server and the Cyrus IMAP server store mailboxes in centralised databases managed by the mail system and not directly accessible by individual users. The maildir mailbox format is often cited as an alternative to the mbox format for network email storage systems.


From MAILER-DAEMON Fri Jul  8 12:08:34 2011
From: Author <author@example.com>
To: Recipient <recipient@example.com>
Subject: Sample message 1

This is the body.
>From (should be escaped).
There are 3 lines.

From MAILER-DAEMON Fri Jul  8 12:08:34 2011
From: Author <author@example.com>
To: Recipient <recipient@example.com>
Subject: Sample message 2

This is the second body.
mckeeman-form (grammarLanguage, appeared 2020)
Creators: Bill McKeeman
Origin: Dartmouth College
Country: United States




json
 element

value
 object
 array
 string
 number
 "true"
 "false"
 "null"

object
 '{' ws '}'
 '{' members '}'

members
 member
 member ',' members

member
 ws string ws ':' element

array
 '[' ws ']'
 '[' elements ']'

elements
 element
 element ',' elements

element
 ws value ws

string
 '"' characters '"'

characters
 ""
 character characters

character
 '0020' . '10FFFF' - '"' - '\'
 '\' escape

escape
 '"'
 '\'
 '/'
 'b'
 'f'
 'n'
 'r'
 't'
 'u' hex hex hex hex

hex
 digit
 'A' . 'F'
 'a' . 'f'

number
 integer fraction exponent

integer
 digit
 onenine digits
 '-' digit
 '-' onenine digits

digits
 digit
 digit digits

digit
 '0'
 onenine

onenine
 '1' . '9'

fraction
 ""
 '.' digits

exponent
 ""
 'E' sign digits
 'e' sign digits

sign
 ""
 '+'
 '-'

ws
 ""
 '0020' ws
 '000A' ws
 '000D' ws
 '0009' ws
MD5 (hashFunction, appeared 1991)
Origin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country: United States


The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. Although MD5 was initially designed to be used as a cryptographic hash function, it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It can still be used as a checksum to verify data integrity, but only against unintentional corruption. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database.MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. One basic requirement of any cryptographic hash function is that it should be computationally infeasible to find two distinct messages that hash to the same value. MD5 fails this requirement catastrophically; such collisions can be found in seconds on an ordinary home computer. The weaknesses of MD5 have been exploited in the field, most infamously by the Flame malware in 2012. The CMU Software Engineering Institute considers MD5 essentially "cryptographically broken and unsuitable for further use".As of 2019, MD5 continues to be widely used, in spite of its well-documented weaknesses and deprecation by security experts.
MDL (pl, appeared 1971)
Origin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country: United States


MDL (the MIT Design Language) is a descendant of the Lisp programming language. Its initial purpose was to provide high level language support for the Dynamic Modeling Group at MIT's Project MAC. It was initially developed in 1971 on the  PDP-10 computer under the Incompatible Timesharing System. The initial development team consisted of Gerald Sussman and Carl Hewitt of the Artificial Intelligence Lab, and Chris Reeve, Bruce Daniels, and David Cressey of the Dynamic Modeling  Group. Later, Stu Galley, also of the Dynamic Modeling Group, wrote the MDL documentation.MDL was initially known as "Muddle". This style of self-deprecating humor was not widely understood or appreciated outside of Project MAC and a few other early citadels of information technology.  So the name was sanitized to MDL.MDL provides several enhancements to classical Lisp.  It supports several built-in data types, including lists, strings and arrays, and user-defined data types.  It offers multithreaded expression evaluation and coroutines.  Variables can carry both a local value within a scope, and a global value, for passing data between scopes. Advanced built-in functions supported interactive debugging of MDL programs, incremental development, and reconstruction of source programs from object programs. Although MDL is obsolete, some of its features have been incorporated in later versions of Lisp.  Gerald Sussman went on to develop the Scheme language, in collaboration with Guy Steele, who later wrote the specifications for Common Lisp and Java.  Carl Hewitt had already published the idea for the PLANNER language before the MDL project began, but his subsequent thinking on PLANNER reflected lessons learned from building MDL.  Planner concepts influenced languages such as Prolog and Smalltalk. Smalltalk and Simula, in turn, influenced his future work on the Actor model. But the largest influence that MDL had was on the genre known as interactive fiction.  An interactive fiction game known as Zork, sometimes called Dungeon, was first written in MDL. Later, Reeve, Daniels, Galley and other members of Dynamic Modeling went on to start Infocom, a company that produced many  early commercial works of interactive fiction.
MultiDimensional eXpressions (queryLanguage, appeared 1997)
Creators: Mosha Pasumansky
Origin: Microsoft
Country: United States


Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) is a query language for online analytical processing (OLAP) using a database management system. Much like SQL, it is a query language for OLAP cubes.  It is also a calculation language, with syntax similar to spreadsheet formulas.


SELECT
   { [Measures].[Store Sales] } ON COLUMNS,
   { [Date].[2002], [Date].[2003] } ON ROWS
FROM Sales
WHERE ( [Store].[USA].[CA] )
MDX (textMarkup, appeared 2017)
Creators: John Otander
Origin: https://github.com/mdx-js
Country: Various
Website: https://mdxjs.com/

MDX allows you to use JSX in your markdown content. You can import components, such as interactive charts or alerts, and embed them within your content.


GitHub description: Markdown for the component era

import { Chart } from '../components/chart'

# Here’s a chart

The chart is rendered inside our MDX document.

<Chart />