pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
Project MAC’s SYmbolic MAnipulator (pl, appeared 1968)
Origin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country: United States

Macsyma (Project MAC’s SYmbolic MAnipulator[1]) is one of the oldest general purpose computer algebra systems which is still widely used. It was originally developed from 1968 to 1982 at MIT's Project MAC.

Macsyma (Project MAC’s  SYmbolic MAnipulator) is one of the oldest general purpose computer algebra systems which is still widely used. It was originally developed from 1968 to 1982 at MIT's Project MAC. In 1982, Macsyma was licensed to Symbolics and became a commercial product. In 1992, Symbolics Macsyma was spun off to Macsyma, Inc., which continued to develop Macsyma until 1999. That version is still available for Microsoft's Windows XP operating system. The 1982 version of MIT Macsyma remained available to academics and US government agencies, and it is distributed by the US Department of Energy (DOE). That version, DOE Macsyma, was maintained by Bill Schelter. Under the name of Maxima, it was released under the GPL in 1999, and remains under active maintenance.
Michigan Algorithm Decoder (pl, appeared 1959)
Stands for: Michigan Algorithm Decoder
Origin: University of Michigan
Country: United States


MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) is a programming language and compiler for the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709, IBM 7090, IBM 7040, UNIVAC 1107, UNIVAC 1108, Philco 210-211, and eventually the IBM S/370 mainframe computers. Developed in 1959 at the University of Michigan by Bernard Galler, Bruce Arden and Robert M. Graham, MAD is a variant of the ALGOL language. It was widely used to teach programming at colleges and universities during the 1960s and played a minor role in the development of CTSS, Multics, and the Michigan Terminal System computer operating systems. The archives at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan contain reference materials on the development of MAD and MAD/I, including three linear feet of printouts with hand-written notations and original printed manuals.
Magik (pl, appeared 1989)
Origin: Smallworld Systems Ltd
Country: United Kingdom


Magik is an object-oriented programming language that supports multiple inheritance, polymorphism and is dynamically typed. It was designed implemented in 1989 by Arthur Chance, of Smallworld Systems Ltd, as part of Smallworld Geographical Information System (GIS). Following Smallworld's acquisition in 2000, Magik is now is provided by GE Energy, still as part of its Smallworld technology platform. Magik (Inspirational Magik) was originally introduced in 1990 and has been improved and updated over the years. Its current version is 5.1. In July 2012, Magik developers announced that they were in the process of porting Magik language on the Java virtual machine. The successful porting was confirmed by Oracle Corporation in November of the same year.
Magit (application, appeared 2013)
Creators: Marius Vollmer
Origin: https://emacs.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/magit
Country: Unknown
Website: https://magit.vc/

Magit is a complete text-based user interface to Git. It fills the glaring gap between the Git command-line interface and various GUIs, letting you perform trivial as well as elaborate version control tasks with just a couple of mnemonic key presses


GitHub description: Magit is an interface to the version control system Git, implemented as an Emacs package. Magit aspires to be a complete Git porcelain
MAI Basic Four (pl, appeared 1974)
Origin: MAI Systems Corporation
Country: United States


MAI Basic Four (sometimes written as Basic/Four Corporation or Basic 4) refers to a variety of Business Basic, the computers that ran it, and the company that sold them (its name at various times given as MAI Basic Four Inc., MAI Basic Four Information Systems, and MAI Systems Corporation). MAI Systems Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Softbrands Inc. in 2006.  Basic/Four Corporation was created as a subsidiary of Management Assistance, Inc. in Irvine, California. Basic/Four sold small business minicomputers that were assembled from Microdata Corporation CPUs. MAI Basic Four Business Basic was one of the first commercially available business BASIC interpreters. MAI Basic Four (the company) originally sold minicomputers but later offered superminicomputers and microcomputers. The computers ran an operating system with the BASIC interpreter integrated. In 1985, Wall Street financier Bennett S. LeBow purchased the company after it had experienced significant operating financial losses. In 1988,  LeBow used the company as a platform for an unsuccessful attempted hostile takeover of much larger Prime Computer.The company released accounting software for third-party microcomputers in the mid 1980's.  In 1988 it released its own 80286-based workstation.  The Basic4 system was utilized by many small banks and credit unions. In 1990 the company changed its name to  MAI Systems Corp. and changed its business to be a system integrator instead of a combined hardware and software manufacturer, reselling third-party computers but installing their own customer-specific software system.
Makefile (pl, appeared 1976)
Creators: Stuart Feldman
Origin: Bell Labs
Country: United States
Website: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/

Lines that begin with TAB are assumed to be part of a recipe (so they are shell scripts and passed to the shell for parsing), and lines that do not begin with TAB cannot be part of a recipe (so they cannot be shell scripts: they must be make syntax).

A makefile is a file containing a set of directives used with the make build automation tool.


 edit : main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
       insert.o search.o files.o utils.o
        cc -o edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
                   insert.o search.o files.o utils.o

main.o : main.c defs.h
        cc -c main.c
kbd.o : kbd.c defs.h command.h
        cc -c kbd.c
command.o : command.c defs.h command.h
        cc -c command.c
display.o : display.c defs.h buffer.h
        cc -c display.c
insert.o : insert.c defs.h buffer.h
        cc -c insert.c
search.o : search.c defs.h buffer.h
        cc -c search.c
files.o : files.c defs.h buffer.h command.h
        cc -c files.c
utils.o : utils.c defs.h
        cc -c utils.c
clean :
        rm edit main.o kbd.o command.o display.o \
           insert.o search.o files.o utils.o
Mako (template, appeared 2006)
Origin: https://www.makotemplates.org/community.html
Country: United States
Website: https://www.makotemplates.org/

Mako is a template library written in Python. It provides a familiar, non-XML syntax which compiles into Python modules for maximum performance. Mako's syntax and API borrows from the best ideas of many others, including Django and Jinja2 templates, Cheetah, Myghty, and Genshi. Conceptually, Mako is an embedded Python (i.e. Python Server Page) language, which refines the familiar ideas of componentized layout and inheritance to produce one of the most straightforward and flexible models available, while also maintaining close ties to Python calling and scoping semantics. Mako is used by reddit.com where it delivers over one billion page views per month. It is the default template language included with the Pylons and Pyramid web frameworks.



<%inherit file="base.html"/>
<%
    rows = [[v for v in range(0,10)] for row in range(0,10)]
%>
<table>
    % for row in rows:
        ${makerow(row)}
    % endfor
</table>

<%def name="makerow(row)">
    <tr>
    % for name in row:
        <td>${name}</td>\
    % endfor
    </tr>
</%def>
Malbolge (esolang, appeared 1998)
Creators: Ben Olmstead
Origin: https://web.archive.org/web/20040404144205/http://www.mines.edu/students/b/bolmstea/randlang/index.html
Country: United States


Malbolge () is a public domain esoteric programming language invented by Ben Olmstead in 1998, named after the eighth circle of hell in Dante's Inferno, the Malebolge. Malbolge was specifically designed to be almost impossible to use, via a counter-intuitive 'crazy operation', base-three arithmetic, and self-altering code. It builds on the difficulty of earlier, challenging esoteric languages (such as Brainfuck and Befunge), but takes this aspect to the extreme, playing on the entangled histories of computer science and encryption. Despite this design, it is possible (though very difficult) to write useful Malbolge programs.
Mama (pl, appeared 2010)
Origin: Shapes Robotics
Country: Israel
Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20181230132451/https://eytam.com/mama


Mama is an object-oriented educational programming language designed to help young students start programming by providing all language elements in the student mother tongue. Mama programming language is available in several languages, with both left-to-right (LTR) and right-to-left (RTL) language direction support. A new variant of Mama was built on top of Carnegie Mellon's Alice development environment, supporting scripting of the 3D stage objects. This new variant of Mama was designed to help young students start programming by building 3D animations and games.
MML (standard, appeared 1982)
Also known as: MML
Origin: International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
Country: Switzerland


A man-machine language or MML is a specification language.  MML typically are defined to standardize the interfaces for managing a telecommunications or network device from a console. ITU-T Z.300 series recommendations define an MML, that has been extended by Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) to form Transaction Language 1.
Manchester syntax (dataNotation, appeared 2006)
Origin: The University of Manchester
Country: United Kingdom

The Manchester syntax is a user-friendly compact syntax for OWL 2 ontologies; it is frame-based, as opposed to the axiom-based other syntaxes for OWL 2. The Manchester Syntax is used in the OWL 2 Primer, and this document provides the language used there. It is expected that tools will extend the Manchester Syntax for their own purposes, and tool builders may collaboratively extend the common language.



/**
 * @rdfs:comment A vegetarian pizza is a pizza that only has cheese toppings
 * and tomato toppings.
 *
 * @rdfs:label Pizza [en]
 * @rdfs:label Pizza [pt]
 */
Class: VegetarianPizza

EquivalentTo:

 Pizza and
 not (hasTopping some FishTopping) and
 not (hasTopping some MeatTopping)

DisjointWith:
 
 NonVegetarianPizza
Manim (framework, appeared 2015)
Creators: Grant Sanderson
Origin: https://github.com/ManimCommunity
Country: United States
Website: https://www.manim.community
File extensions: .py

A community-maintained Python framework for creating mathematical animations

3Blue1Brown is a math YouTube channel created and run by Grant Sanderson. The channel focuses on teaching higher mathematics from a visual perspective, and on the process of discovery and inquiry-based learning in mathematics, which Sanderson calls "inventing math". As of November 2022, the channel has 4.85 million subscribers.

GitHub description: A community-maintained Python framework for creating mathematical animations.
manool (pl, appeared 2018)
Creators: Alex Protasov
Origin: https://github.com/rusini/manool/pulls
Country: Colombia
Website: https://manool.org/

Practical programming language with expressive power, in 10 KLOC in C++11 - "MAnool is Not an Object-Oriented Language!"


GitHub description: Fairly readable homoiconic language with primarily value (non-referential) semantics that balances the programmer's productivity with scalability

-- recursive version, MANOOLish "cascading" notation
{ {extern "manool.org.18/std/0.3/all"} in
: let rec
  { Fact = -- compile-time constant binding
    { proc { N } as -- precondition: N.IsI48[] & (N >= 0)
    : if N == 0 then 1 else
      N * Fact[N - 1]
    }
  }
  in
  Out.WriteLine["Factorial of 10 is "; Fact[10]]
}
manticore (pl, appeared 2009)
Origin: University of Chicago
Country: United States

The Manticore project is an effort to design and implement a new functional language for parallel programming. Unlike many earlier parallel languages, Manticore is a heterogeneous language that supports parallelism at multiple levels. Specifically, the Manticore language combines Concurrent ML-style explicit concurrency with fine-grain, implicitly threaded, parallel constructs. These lectures will introduce the Manticore language and explore a variety of programs written to take advantage of heterogeneous parallelism. At the explicit-concurrency level, Manticore supports the creation distinct threads of control and the coordination of threads through first-class synchronous-message passing. Message-passing synchronization, in contrast to shared-memory synchronization, fits naturally with the functional-programming paradigm. At the implicit-parallelism level, Manticore supports a diverse collection of parallel constructs for different granularities of work. Many of these constructs are inspired by common functional-programming idioms. In addition to describing the basic mechanisms, we will present a number of useful programming techniques that are enabled by these mechanisms. Finally, we will briefly discuss some of the implementation techniques used to execute Manticore programs on commodity multicore computers.



fun forever (init : ’a) (f: ’a -> ’a) : unit =
 let
   fun loop s = loop (f s)
   val _ = spawn (loop init)
 in
   ()
 end
MapBasic (pl, appeared 1997)
Origin: Pitney Bowes Software
MapInfo Corporation
Country: United States


MapBasic is a programming language for creation of additional tools and functionality for the MapInfo Professional geographical information system. MapBasic is based on the BASIC family of programming languages.MapBasic also allows programmers to develop software in popular programming languages such as C, C++ and Visual Basic and use these with the MapInfo Professional GIS to create geographically based software, such as electronic mapping.
Maple (pl, appeared 1982)
Origin: Cybernet Systems Co. Ltd
Country: Canada
Website: http://www.maplesoft.com/products/maple/


Maple is a symbolic and numeric computing environment, and is also a multi-paradigm programming language. Developed by Maplesoft, Maple also covers other aspects of technical computing, including visualization, data analysis, matrix computation, and connectivity. A toolbox, MapleSim, adds functionality for multidomain physical modeling and code generation.
MAPPER (pl, appeared 1960)
Origin: EMCC UNIVAC
Country: United States


Sperry Univac's 'MAPPER 4GL originated in the 1970s based on some work in the 1960s, but has been kept current. It was renamed and also given an extension named ICE - Internet Commerce Enabler.Originally available on Sperry's Univac 1108, implementations now also exist for Windows NT, Sun Solaris and Linux. The GUI on Windows is the most advanced of these.
maraca-lang (pl, appeared 2018)
Creators: Jon Whitehead
Origin: https://github.com/maraca-lang
Country: United Kingdom
Website: https://maraca-lang.org

The dynamic structured data language. Maraca is a lightweight, embeddable, declarative language for defining & manipulating dynamic structured data. And when combined with Maraca-Render, it can be a powerful language for creating interactive UI, such as this site...


GitHub description: Maraca JavaScript runtime

[
  pad: 10,
  Hello,
  [
    : panel,
    style: bold,
    World,
  ],
]
Margin (textMarkup, appeared 2019)
Creators: Alex Gamburg
Origin: https://github.com/gamburg/margin/issues
Country: United States
Website: https://margin.love

Margin is a lightweight markup language for hierarchically structured thought, like notes and to-do lists.


GitHub description: Lightweight markup designed for an open mind

Favorite Movies
  Eyes Wide Shut [year: 1999]
  Black Narcissus [year: 1947]
  Adaptation [year: 2002]
MariaDB (queryLanguage, appeared 2009)
Origin: MariaDB Foundation
Country: Finland and United States
Keywords: ACCESSIBLE
ADD
ALL
ALTER
ANALYZE
AND
AS
ASC
ASENSITIVE
BEFORE
BETWEEN
BIGINT
BINARY
BLOB
BOTH
BY
CALL
CASCADE
CASE
CHANGE
CHAR
CHARACTER
CHECK
COLLATE
COLUMN
CONDITION
CONSTRAINT
CONTINUE
CONVERT
CREATE
CROSS
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
CURRENT_USER
CURSOR
DATABASE
DATABASES
DAY_HOUR
DAY_MICROSECOND
DAY_MINUTE
DAY_SECOND
DEC
DECIMAL
DECLARE
DEFAULT
DELAYED
DELETE
DESC
DESCRIBE
DETERMINISTIC
DISTINCT
DISTINCTROW
DIV
DOUBLE
DROP
DUAL
EACH
ELSE
ELSEIF
ENCLOSED
ESCAPED
EXISTS
EXIT
EXPLAIN
FALSE
FETCH
FLOAT
FLOAT4
FLOAT8
FOR
FORCE
FOREIGN
FROM
FULLTEXT
GENERAL
GRANT
GROUP
HAVING
HIGH_PRIORITY
HOUR_MICROSECOND
HOUR_MINUTE
HOUR_SECOND
IF
IGNORE
IGNORE_SERVER_IDS
IN
INDEX
INFILE
INNER
INOUT
INSENSITIVE
INSERT
INT
INT1
INT2
INT3
INT4
INT8
INTEGER
INTERVAL
INTO
IS
ITERATE
JOIN
KEY
KEYS
KILL
LEADING
LEAVE
LEFT
LIKE
LIMIT
LINEAR
LINES
LOAD
LOCALTIME
LOCALTIMESTAMP
LOCK
LONG
LONGBLOB
LONGTEXT
LOOP
LOW_PRIORITY
MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD
MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
MATCH
MAXVALUE
MEDIUMBLOB
MEDIUMINT
MEDIUMTEXT
MIDDLEINT
MINUTE_MICROSECOND
MINUTE_SECOND
MOD
MODIFIES
NATURAL
NOT
NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG
NULL
NUMERIC
ON
OPTIMIZE
OPTION
OPTIONALLY
OR
ORDER
OUT
OUTER
OUTFILE
PARTITION
PRECISION
PRIMARY
PROCEDURE
PURGE
RANGE
READ
READS
READ_WRITE
REAL
REFERENCES
REGEXP
RELEASE
RENAME
REPEAT
REPLACE
REQUIRE
RESIGNAL
RESTRICT
RETURN
REVOKE
RIGHT
RLIKE
SCHEMA
SCHEMAS
SECOND_MICROSECOND
SELECT
SENSITIVE
SEPARATOR
SET
SHOW
SIGNAL
SLOW
SMALLINT
SPATIAL
SPECIFIC
SQL
SQLEXCEPTION
SQLSTATE
SQLWARNING
SQL_BIG_RESULT
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
SQL_SMALL_RESULT
SSL
STARTING
STRAIGHT_JOIN
TABLE
TERMINATED
THEN
TINYBLOB
TINYINT
TINYTEXT
TO
TRAILING
TRIGGER
TRUE
UNDO
UNION
UNIQUE
UNLOCK
UNSIGNED
UPDATE
USAGE
USE
USING
UTC_DATE
UTC_TIME
UTC_TIMESTAMP
VALUES
VARBINARY
VARCHAR
VARCHARACTER
VARYING
WHEN
WHERE
WHILE
WITH
WRITE
XOR
YEAR_MONTH
ZEROFILL
ACTION
BIT
DATE
ENUM
NO
TEXT
TIME
TIMESTAMP


MariaDB is a community-developed fork of the MySQL relational database management system intended to remain free under the GNU GPL. Development is led by some of the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition by Oracle Corporation.MariaDB intends to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, ensuring a drop-in replacement capability with library binary parity and exact matching with MySQL APIs and commands. It includes the XtraDB storage engine for replacing InnoDB, as well as a new storage engine, Aria, that intends to be both a transactional and non-transactional engine perhaps even included in future versions of MySQL.Its lead developer is Michael "Monty" Widenius, one of the founders of MySQL AB and the founder of Monty Program AB.  On 16 January 2008, MySQL AB announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Sun Microsystems for approximately $1 billion. The acquisition completed on 26 February 2008.  MariaDB is named after Monty's younger daughter Maria, similar to how MySQL is named after his other daughter My.
MARK IV (pl, appeared 1985)
Origin: Informatics General Corporation
Country: United States


MARK IV is a Fourth-generation programming language that was created by Informatics, Inc.  in the 1960s. Informatics took advantage of IBM's decision to unbundle their software; MARK IV was the first "software product to have cumulative sales of $10 million". MARK IV was developed for IBM Systems (360 and 370) and for the RCA Spectra 70. Its main benefit was allowing faster application development on the order of 6 to 10 times faster than doing a system using a 3GL, such as COBOL. MARK IV, being an early 4GL, allowed user development of systems related to business. In a 1971 ad by Informatics, there are several quotes from customers, such as:  We conservatively estimate that the benefits derived from the MARK IV System have completely returned  the cost of our investment in a period of less than 3 months. MARK IV runs ... handle Accounts Receivable, Inventory, Sales Analyses, etc. on about 26 different factories.MARK IV went to Sterling Software in 1985 as part of that company's acquisition of Informatics General.  As VISION:BUILDER it is now part of the product suite from Computer Associates.
Markdeep (textMarkup, appeared 2015)
Origin: https://github.com/morgan3d/markdeep/pulls
Country: Canada
Website: https://casual-effects.com/markdeep/

Markdeep is a technology for writing plain text documents that will look good in any web browser, whether local or remote. It supports diagrams, calendars, equations, and other features as extensions of Markdown syntax.



**Example**

Welcome to Markdeep. It's the simple 
way to write plain text with _style_.
                           
*************************************
*                _______            *
* .-------.     /      /   .-----.  *
* | Write +-+->/ Edit ++->| Share | *
* '-------' ^ /______/ |   '-----'  *
*           |          |            *
*            '--------'             *
*************************************

1. Write a text document
2. Add the Markdeep line at the end
3. Save with file extension `.md.html`
4. Double-click to view

Learn more at
https://casual-effects.com/markdeep
Markdown (textMarkup, appeared 2004)
Creators: John Gruber
Aaron Swartz
Origin: https://talk.commonmark.org/
Country: United States


Markdown is a lightweight markup language with plain text formatting syntax. It is designed so that it can be converted to HTML and many other formats using a tool by the same name. Markdown is often used to format readme files, for writing messages in online discussion forums, and to create rich text using a plain text editor. As the initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and unanswered questions, many implementations and extensions of Markdown appeared over the years to answer these issues.
Markus (queryLanguage, appeared 2020)
Origin: https://github.com/Markus-Studio
Country: United States



GitHub description: A declarative (database) query language!

type User: user {
  name: string;
}

type Task {
  owner: User;
  title: string;
  done: bool;
}

query myTasks() {
  is(Task),
  # %user is the current authenticated user.
  eq(.owner, %user)
}

action newTask($title: string) {
  create Task {
    user: %user,
    title: $title,
    done: false
  };
}

action toggleStatus($task: Task) {
  validate eq($task.owner, %user);

  update $task {
    .done: not(.done)
  };
}

action delete($task: Task) {
  validate eq($task.owner, %user);
  delete $task;
}

action edit($task: Task, $new_title: string) {
  validate eq($task.owner, %user);
  update $task {
    .title: $new_title
  };
}
Markwhen (textMarkup, appeared 2022)
Creators: Rob Koch
Origin: https://github.com/mark-when
Country: United States
Website: https://markwhen.com/

Make a cascading timeline from Markdown-like text.


GitHub description: Make a cascading timeline from markdown-like text. Supports simple American/European date styles, ISO8601, images, links, locations, and more.

title: Welcome to Markwhen 👋

#Project1: #d336b1

section Welcome #welcome
now: This example timeline showcases some of markwhen's features.

Feel free to delete everything to start making your own timeline #welcome


now: You can also view this example timeline at [markwhen.com/example](https://markwhen.com/example) #welcome

Or you can save this timeline so you can refer to it later, by going to Browser storage & files, and clicking Save current.

now: For more information, view the documentation [here](https://docs.markwhen.com) or join the [discord](https://discord.gg/kQbqP4uz)
#welcome
endSection

section All Projects
group Project 1 #Project1
// Supports ISO8601
2023-01/2023-03: Sub task #John
2023-03/2023-06: Sub task 2 #Michelle
More info about sub task 2

- [ ] We need to get this done
- [x] And this
- [ ] This one is extra

2023-07: Yearly planning
endGroup
 group Project 2 #Project2
2023-04/4 months: Larger sub task #Danielle

// Supports American date formats
03/2023 - 1 year: Longer ongoing task #Michelle

- [x] Sub task 1
- [x] Sub task 2
- [ ] Sub task 3
- [ ] Sub task 4
- [ ] so many checkboxes omg

10/2023 - 2 months: Holiday season
endGroup

group Project 3
01/2024: Project kickoff
02/2024-04/2024: Other stuff
endGroup
endSection

2023-01-03 every other week for 1 year: Biweekly meeting