pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
Mu (pl, appeared 2014)
Creators: Kartik K. Agaram
Origin: https://github.com/akkartik/mu/issues
Country: United States
Website: https://github.com/akkartik/mu
File extensions: mu



GitHub description: Soul of a tiny new machine. More thorough tests → More comprehensible and rewrite-friendly software → More resilient society.

# dump stack from bottom to top
fn emit-stack-from-bottom _self: (addr grapheme-stack), out: (addr stream byte) {
  var self/esi: (addr grapheme-stack) <- copy _self
  var data-ah/edi: (addr handle array code-point-utf8) <- get self, data
  var _data/eax: (addr array code-point-utf8) <- lookup *data-ah
  var data/edi: (addr array code-point-utf8) <- copy _data
  var top-addr/ecx: (addr int) <- get self, top
  var i/eax: int <- copy 0
  {
    compare i, *top-addr
    break-if->=
    var g/edx: (addr code-point-utf8) <- index data, i
    write-code-point-utf8 out, *g
    i <- increment
    loop
  }
}
MUDDL (pl, appeared 1988)
Creators: Lars Brinkhoff
Origin: University of Essex
Country: United Kingdom


Multi-User Dungeon, or MUD (referred to as MUD1, to distinguish it from its successor, MUD2, and the MUD genre in general) is an early MUD and one of the oldest examples of a virtual world in existence.

GitHub description: Essex MUD1 by Trubshaw and Bartle
Mudlle (pl, appeared 1998)
Creators: MUME user
Origin: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Country: Switzerland
Website: https://mume.org/download/mudlle/


Numerous computer and video games have been inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's works set in Middle-earth. Titles have been produced by studios such as Electronic Arts, Sierra, Melbourne House, and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, which currently owns the gaming rights.

GitHub description: The mudlle (MUD Language for Little Extensions) distribution, including compiler and some basic libraries.
Multi-user BASIC (pl, appeared 1980)
Origin: Digital Equipment Corporation
Country: United States


Multi-user BASIC was a dialect of the BASIC language for the DEC PDP-11 running the RT-11 operating system.  One or more users were supported in separate address spaces sharing the same language interpreter.  The syntax of the language was similar to but not identical to BASIC-11.  A key language element was the support for virtual files.  These were similar to the virtual arrays in BASIC-PLUS in but more limited.  An array of integers, floatingpoint, or character strings of length 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 could be placed in file and accessed with a subscript.  The file could actually be opened (or re-opened) with a different definition allowing integers, characters, and floating point numbers to be stored in the same file. Like BASIC-11, Multi-User BASIC provided some support for lab equipment, support for character terminals (LA30, VT100).  Because it was a multi-user system, it did not support real-time data collection.
Multics (pl, appeared 1967)
Origin: University of Calgary
Country: Canada


Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) is an influential early time-sharing operating system, based around the concept of a single-level memory. Virtually all modern operating systems were heavily influenced by Multics – often through Unix, which was created by some of the people who had worked on Multics – either directly (Linux, macOS) or indirectly (Windows NT).
muMath (pl, appeared 1978)
Origin: University of Hawaii
Country: United States


muMATH is a computer algebra system (CAS), which was developed in the late 1970s and early eighties by Albert D. Rich and David Stoutemyer of Soft Warehouse in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was implemented in the muSIMP programming language which was built on top of a LISP dialect called muLISP. Platforms supported were CP/M and TRS-DOS (since muMATH-79), Apple II (since muMATH-80) and DOS (in muMATH-83, the last version, which was published by Microsoft). The Soft Warehouse later developed Derive, another computer algebra system. The company was purchased by Texas Instruments in 1999, and development of Derive ended in 2006.
MUMPS (pl, appeared 1966)
Also known as: m
Creators: Neil Pappalardo
Origin: MUMPS Development Committee
Country: United States


MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System), or M, is a general-purpose computer programming language that provides ACID (Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable) transaction processing. Its differentiating feature is its "built-in" database, enabling high-level access to disk storage using simple symbolic program variables and subscripted arrays, similar to the variables used by most languages to access main memory. The M database is a key-value database engine optimized for high-throughput transaction processing. As such it is in the class of "schema-less", "schema-free," or NoSQL databases. Internally, M stores data in multidimensional hierarchical sparse arrays (also known as key-value nodes, sub-trees, or associative memory). Each array may have up to 32 subscripts, or dimensions. A scalar can be thought of as an array element with zero subscripts. Nodes with varying numbers of subscripts (including one node with no subscripts) can freely co-exist in the same array. Perhaps the most unusual aspect of the M language is the notion that the database is accessed through variables, rather than queries or retrievals. This means that accessing volatile memory and non-volatile storage use the same basic syntax, enabling a function to work on either local (volatile) or global (non-volatile) variables. Practically, this provides for extremely high performance data access. Originally designed in 1966 for the healthcare industry, M continues to be used today by many large hospitals and banks to provide high-throughput transaction data processing.


label1 ; This is a label
    write "Hello World !",!
    quit
mun-lang (pl, appeared 2019)
Origin: https://github.com/mun-lang
Country: Various
Website: https://mun-lang.org/



GitHub description: Source code for the Mun language and runtime.

fn main() {
    let sum = add(a, b);
    // Comments: Mun natively supports bool, float, and int
    let is_true = true;
    let var: float = 0.5;
}
// The order of function definitions doesn't matter
fn add(a: int, b: int): int {
    a + b
}
muPad (pl, appeared 1997)
Origin: University of Paderborn
Country: Germany
Website: http://mathworks.com/discovery/mupad.html


MuPAD is a computer algebra system (CAS). Originally developed by the MuPAD research group at the University of Paderborn, Germany, development was taken over by the company SciFace Software GmbH & Co. KG in cooperation with the MuPAD research group and partners from some other universities starting in 1997. Until autumn 2005, the version "MuPAD Light" was offered for free for research and education, but as a result of the closure of the home institute of the MuPAD research group, only the version "MuPAD Pro" became available for purchase. The MuPAD kernel is bundled with Scientific Notebook and Scientific Workplace. Former versions of MuPAD Pro were bundled with SciLab. In MathCAD's version 14 release Mupad was adopted as the CAS engine. In September 2008, SciFace was purchased by MathWorks and the MuPAD code was included in the Symbolic Math Toolbox add-on for MATLAB. On 28 September 2008, MuPAD was withdrawn from the market as a software product in its own right. However, it is still available in the Symbolic Math Toolbox in MATLAB and can also be used as a stand-alone program.
MurmurHash (hashFunction, appeared 2008)
Origin: https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184004/http://tanjent.com/
Country: United States


MurmurHash is a non-cryptographic hash function suitable for general hash-based lookup.  It was created by Austin Appleby in 2008 and is currently hosted on GitHub along with its test suite named 'SMHasher'. It also exists in a number of variants, all of which have been released into the public domain. The name comes from two basic operations, multiply (MU) and rotate (R), used in its inner loop. Unlike cryptographic hash functions, it is not specifically designed to be difficult to reverse by an adversary, making it unsuitable for cryptographic purposes.
MUSIC/SP (pl, appeared 1972)
Origin: McGill University
Country: Canada


MUSIC/SP (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing/System Product; originally "McGill University System for Interactive Computing") was developed at McGill University in the 1970s from an early IBM time-sharing system called RAX (Remote Access Computing System). The system ran on IBM  S/360,  S/370, and  4300-series  mainframe hardware, and offered novel features (for the time) such as file access control and data compression. It was designed to allow academics and students to create and run their programs interactively on  terminals, in an era when most mainframe computing was still being done from punched cards.  Over the years, development continued and the system evolved to embrace email, the Internet and eventually the World Wide Web. At its peak in the late 1980s, there were over 250  universities, colleges and  high school districts that used the system in North and South America, Europe and Asia.
mustache (template, appeared 2009)
Creators: Chris Wanstrath
Origin: https://github.com/mustache
Country: United States and France and Portugal and Croatia
Website: http://mustache.github.io/



GitHub description: Logic-less Ruby templates.

Hello {{name}}
You have just won {{value}} dollars!
{{#in_ca}}
Well, {{taxed_value}} dollars, after taxes.
{{/in_ca}}
MVEL (pl, appeared 2003)
Origin: https://github.com/mvel
Country: Italy and Canada


MVFLEX Expression Language (MVEL) is a hybrid dynamic/statically typed, embeddable Expression Language and runtime for the Java Platform.  Originally started as a utility language for an application framework, the project is now developed completely independently. MVEL is typically used for exposing basic logic to end-users and programmers through configuration such as XML files or annotations.  It may also be used to parse simple JavaBean expressions. The runtime allows MVEL expressions to be executed either interpretively, or through a pre-compilation process with support for runtime bytecode generation to remove overhead. Since MVEL is meant to augment Java-based software, it borrows most of its syntax directly from the Java programming language with some minor differences and additional capabilities. For example: as a side effect of MVEL's typing model, which treats class and method references as regular variables, it is possible to use both class and function pointers (but only for static methods).  MVEL also allows collections to be represented as folds (or projections) in a Lisp-like syntax.
MXML (xmlFormat, appeared 2004)
Origin: Adobe Inc
Country: United States


MXML is an XML-based user interface markup language first introduced by Macromedia in March 2004. Application developers use MXML in combination with ActionScript to develop rich Internet applications, with products such as Apache Flex. Adobe Systems, which acquired Macromedia in December 2005, gives no official meaning for the acronym MXML. Some developers suggest it should stand for "Magic eXtensible Markup Language" (which is a backronym). It is likely that the name comes from the MX suffix given to Macromedia Studio products released in 2002 and 2004, or simply "Macromedia eXtensible Markup Language". MXML is used mainly to declaratively lay out the interface of applications and can also be used to implement business logic and internet application behaviors. It can contain chunks of ActionScript code, either when creating the body of an event handler function, or with data binding where the curly braces ({) syntax is used. MXML is often used with Flex Server, which dynamically compiles it into standard binary SWF files. However, the Adobe Flash Builder IDE (formerly Adobe Flex Builder) and free Flex SDK can also compile MXML into SWF files without the use of a Flex Server. There is also a PHP PEAR package called XML_MXML, which is a framework to build Adobe Flex applications. MXML is considered a proprietary standard due to its tight integration with Adobe technologies.  It is like XAML in this respect.  No published translators exist for converting an MXML document to another user interface language such as UIML, XUL, XForms, XAML, or SVG. However, there do exist third party vendor plugins for Flex Builder that are capable of generating a result other than a SWF file from Flex applications, for instance native mobile applications.
MyBB (pl, appeared 2002)
Origin: https://github.com/mybb
Country: Australia


MyBB, formerly MyBBoard and originally MyBulletinBoard, is a free and open-source forum software developed by the MyBB Group. It is written in PHP, supports MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite as database systems and, in addition, has database failover support. It is available in multiple languages and is licensed under the LGPL.
Myghty (pl, appeared 2006)
Origin: https://web.archive.org/web/20100618062929/http://www.myghty.org/
Country: United States

A Python-based template and view-controller framework derived from HTML::Mason. Supports the full featureset of Mason, allowing component-based web development with Python-embedded HTML, and includes many new concepts and features not found in Mason. Myghty is a legacy library. New projects should use Mako templates.
myrddin (pl, appeared 2016)
Origin: https://github.com/oridb/mc/issues
Country: United States
Website: https://myrlang.org

<a href='https://myrlang.org'>Myrddin</a> is a systems programming language. Myrddin emphasizes control, simplicity, a clear mental model and predictable, transparent behavior. It features strong type checking, generics, type inference, closures, and traits. It aims to fit a similar niche as C, but with fewer bullets in your feet.
mythryl (pl, appeared 2006)
Origin: https://github.com/mythryl/mythryl/issues
Country: Unknown
Website: https://mythryl.org



GitHub description: The Mythryl programming language

fun qsort [] => [];  qsort (x!xs) => qsort (filter {. #a < x; } xs) @ [x] @ qsort (filter {. #a >= x; } xs);  end;
N-Triples (dataNotation, appeared 2014)
Origin: World Wide Web Consortium
Country: United States


N-Triples is a format for storing and transmitting data. It is a line-based, plain text serialisation format for RDF (Resource Description Framework) graphs, and a subset of the Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) format. N-Triples should not be confused with Notation3 which is a superset of Turtle. N-Triples was primarily developed by Dave Beckett at the University of Bristol and Art Barstow at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).N-Triples was designed to be a simpler format than Notation3 and Turtle, and therefore easier for software to parse and generate. However, because it lacks some of the shortcuts provided by other RDF serialisations (such as CURIEs and nested resources, which are provided by both RDF/XML and Turtle) it can be onerous to type out large amounts of data by hand, and difficult to read.


<http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/ntriples/> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> ↵
   <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Document> .
<http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/ntriples/> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "N-Triples"@en-US .
<http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/ntriples/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/maker> _:art .
<http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/ntriples/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/maker> _:dave .
_:art <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
_:art <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Art Barstow".
_:dave <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
_:dave <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Dave Beckett".
Nadesiko (pl, appeared 2008)
Creators: kujirahand
Origin: https://kujirahand.com
Country: Japan
Website: https://nadesi.com/
File extensions: nako
nako3



GitHub description: Japanese Programming Language Nadesiko v3 (JavaScript)

# 取り込みテスト
●(AとBの)加算処理とは
    A+Bを戻す。
ここまで。
GNU nano (editor, appeared 2000)
Origin: https://nano-editor.org/contact.php
Country: United States
Website: https://www.nano-editor.org


GNU nano is a text editor for Unix-like computing systems or operating environments using a command line interface. It emulates the  Pico text editor, part of the Pine email client, and also provides additional functionality. Unlike Pico, nano is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Released as free software by Chris Allegretta in 1999, nano became part of the GNU Project in 2001.
Napier88 (pl, appeared 1989)
Origin: University of St Andrews
Country: Scotland


Napier88 is an orthogonally persistent programming language that was designed and implemented at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. The primary designer was Ron Morrison, whose initial designs were extended and implemented by Fred Brown, Richard Connor, and Al Dearle. Napier88 was ahead of its time in many ways, and was the first robustly implemented language to combine a polymorphic type system with orthogonal persistence. The language was robustly implemented and released to users from both industry and academia; up to 1,000 registered users were recorded in due course. The language, however, was only intended to provide a proof of concept for an experiment in persistent programming; some time after 1989 (the year the first implementation was in fact released) the group's interests moved on and the language was no longer maintained. Its influence lives on in various other systems however; the CORBA type ANY is distinctly recognisable in Napier88's type ANY; Microsoft's CLR uses a similar polymorphic architecture, and Java's parametric types solve some of the same problems of uninstantiated types escaping from their static scope.
Netwide Assembler (assembly, appeared 1996)
Origin: https://github.com/netwide-assembler
Country: United States and Russia
Website: http://www.nasm.us


The Netwide Assembler (NASM) is an assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture. It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit (IA-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) programs. NASM is considered to be one of the most popular assemblers for Linux. NASM was originally written by Simon Tatham with assistance from Julian Hall. As of 2016, it is maintained by a small team led by H. Peter Anvin. It is open-source software released under the terms of a simplified (2-clause) BSD license.
NATO phonetic alphabet (notation, appeared 1956)
Origin: International Civil Aviation Organization
Country: Canada


The NATO phonetic alphabet, officially denoted as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and also commonly known as the ICAO phonetic alphabet, and in a variation also known officially as the ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. Although often called "phonetic alphabets", spelling alphabets are unrelated to phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that critical combinations of letters and numbers are most likely to be pronounced and understood by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel.The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot,  Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu.Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the spelling alphabet is designed to overcome. As noted in a 1955 NATO memo,  It is known that [the ICAO spelling alphabet] has been prepared only after the most exhaustive tests on a scientific basis by several nations. One of the firmest conclusions reached was that it was not practical to make an isolated change to clear confusion between one pair of letters. To change one word involves reconsideration of the whole alphabet to ensure that the change proposed to clear one confusion does not itself introduce others. The same memo notes a potential confusion between ZERO and SIERRA is overcome when following the procedures in ACP 125, which specify the use of the procedure word FIGURES in many instances in which digits need to be read.
NATURAL (pl, appeared 1971)
Origin: Software AG
Country: Germany


ADABAS, a contraction of “adaptable database system", is a database package that was developed by Software AG to run on IBM mainframes. Launched in 1971 as a non-relational software package, earnings reports for the package's vendor were being followed by The New York Times in the early 1980s.As of 2017, ADABAS is marketed for use on a wider range of platforms, including Linux, UNIX and Windows.
NCAR Command Language (pl, appeared 1990)
Origin: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
Country: United States


The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR ) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NCAR has multiple facilities, including the I. M. Pei-designed Mesa Laboratory headquarters in Boulder, Colorado. Studies include meteorology, climate science, atmospheric chemistry, solar-terrestrial interactions, environmental and societal impacts.
NCAR Command Language (pl, appeared 1994)
Stands for: NCAR Command Language
Origin: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
Country: United States
Website: https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/index.shtml

(The NCAR Command Language (NCL), a product of the Computational & Information Systems Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and sponsored by the National Science Foundation, is a free interpreted language designed specifically for scientific data processing and visualization.


GitHub description: The NCAR Command Language (NCL) is a scripting language for the analysis and visualization of climate and weather data.

;-----------------------------------------------------------------
;  NCL User Guide Example:   NUG_bar_chart.ncl
;
;  KMF 30.10.14
;-----------------------------------------------------------------
; These load commands are not required in NCL versions 6.2.0 and later.
load "$NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/nclscripts/csm/gsn_code.ncl"
load "$NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/nclscripts/csm/gsn_csm.ncl"

begin

   low  =  0.0
   high =  1.0

   n = 12

   x = fspan(1.0, 12.0, n)
   y = random_uniform(low, high, n)

   wks = gsn_open_wks("png","NUG_bar_chart")

   res                       =  True
   res@gsnXYBarChart         =  True
   res@gsnXYBarChartBarWidth =  0.3
   res@gsnXYBarChartColors   = "blue"

   res@trXMinF               =  0.0              ;-- x-axis min value
   res@trXMaxF               = 13.0              ;-- x-axis max value
   res@trYMinF               =  0.0              ;-- y-axis min value
   res@trYMaxF               =  1.0              ;-- y-axis max value

   res@tmXBMode              = "Explicit"        ;-- explicit labels
   res@tmXBValues            =  ispan(1,12,1)
   res@tmXBLabels            = (/"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep", \
                                 "Oct","Nov","Dec"/)
   res@tmXBLabelFontHeightF  =  0.015

   res@tiMainString          = "NCL Doc Example: bar chart"

   plot = gsn_csm_xy(wks, x, y, res)

end
neeilang (pl, appeared 2019)
Creators: Neeilan Selvalingam
Origin: https://github.com/neeilan/neeilang/issues
Country: Unknown



GitHub description: Fast, type-safe, object-oriented language by yours truly

fn main() : Int {
  var a : Int = 5;
  var b : Int = 3;

  print a + b;    // 8
  print a - b;    // 2
  print b - a;    // -2

  if (a >= 5) {
    print "a >= 5"; // a >= 5
  }

  if (a > 5) {
    print "a > 5";  // Not executed
  }

  if (a < 5) {
    print "a < 5";  // Not executed
  }

  if (5 <= a) {
    print "5 <= a";  // 5 <= a
  }