pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
Distributed Application Specification Language (pl, appeared 1999)
Stands for: Distributed Application Specification Language
Origin: Sun Microsystems
Country: United States


The DASL Programming Language (Distributed Application Specification Language) is a high-level, strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the Ace Project.  The goals of the project were to enable rapid development of web-based applications based on Sun's J2EE architecture, and to eliminate the steep learning curve of platform-specific details. DASL defines an application as a domain model with one or more logical presentation models, where a logical presentation model consists of a choreography of the domain model objects described in a set of forms with attached actions.  DASL generates the graphical user interface directly from the logical presentation.  DASL is unique among modern application programming languages in its ability to generate a modern graphic user interface for an application without requiring the programmer to define the user interface explicitly, while allowing the programmer to control the look and feel of the generated graphic user interface. The DASL language is partially declarative and partially procedural. Description of object/data structures and persistence, and the description of the logical presentation, are declarative. Basic object constraints and behavior are declarative, while additional object behaviors are specified procedurally as methods. Queries can be defined either declaratively or by writing methods. The language and development environment are a practical realization of the model-driven architecture (MDA) approach. The programmer uses DASL to produce the platform-independent model or PIM, and the language code generators automatically produce and deploy the platform-specific model or PSM. New PSMs may be introduced by writing new code generators.
Data Access Language (pl, appeared 1990)
Origin: Apple
Country: United States


Data Access Language, or simply DAL, was a SQL-like language and application programming interface released by Apple Computer in 1990 to provide unified client/server access to database management systems. It was known for poor performance and high costs, something Apple did little to address over its short lifetime, before it was sold off in 1994. DAL is used as the native SQL dialect of the PrimeBase SQL server, as well as the now-defunct Butler SQL.
Data General Business Basic (pl, appeared 1970)
Origin: Data General Corporation
Country: United States


Data General Business Basic was a BASIC interpreter (based on MAI Basic Four's version) developed by Data General for their Nova minicomputer in the 1970s, and later ported to the Data General Eclipse MV and AViiON computers. Most business applications for the Nova were developed in Business Basic. Business Basic was an integer-only language inspired by COBOL, and contained powerful string-handling functions and the ability to manipulate indexed files very quickly. It also provided full control over the display screen, with cursor positioning, attribute setting, and region-blanking commands. Business Basic could interface to Data General's INFOS II database, and make calls directly to the operating system. A lock server gave multiple concurrent users efficient access to database records. Small business programs could be developed and debugged rapidly with Business Basic because of the interactive nature of the interpreter, but the language did not provide many structured programming features, and as programs grew larger, maintenance became a problem. There was limited memory space for Business Basic programs on the Nova, and programmers often resorted to tricks such as self-modifying programs, which was easy to program in Business Basic, but complicated to debug. The original version of the language was "double precision", i.e. 32-bit (and so each integer used two 16-bit Nova words). When Data General ported the language to the MV line, they included two copies of the language, one "double precision", and one "triple precision". Unfortunately the two were incompatible with each other in subtle ways. Although Data General improved the language in some ways, such as adding multiple-line IF THEN ELSE END IF statements, they failed to lift many of the constraints of the language on the MV machines, such as a 9,999 line maximum, 384 variable limit, and maximum of 16 open files.
DATABUS (pl, appeared 1972)
Origin: Datapoint Corporation
Country: United States


Programming Language for Business or PL/B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in 1972[2] as an alternative to COBOL because Datapoint's 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time have facilities to deal with Datapoint's built-in keyboard and screen.
datafun (pl, appeared 2015)
Creators: Michael Arntzenius
Origin: University of Birmingham
Country: United Kingdom and Canada
Website: http://www.rntz.net/datafun/

It's a simple, pure, and total functional language that generalizes Datalog. Datafun's superpower is that it can concisely and declaratively express and compute fixed points of monotone maps on semilattices.


GitHub description: Research on integrating datalog & lambda calculus via monotonicity types
Datalog (pl, appeared 1977)
Origin: University of Maryland
Country: United States
Italy


Datalog is a declarative logic programming language that syntactically is a subset of Prolog. It is often used as a query language for deductive databases. In recent years, Datalog has found new application in data integration, information extraction, networking, program analysis, security, and cloud computing. Its origins date back to the beginning of logic programming, but it became prominent as a separate area around 1977 when Hervé Gallaire and Jack Minker organized a workshop on logic and databases. David Maier is credited with coining the term Datalog.


parent(john, douglas). % store some data
parent(john, douglas)? % run a query
Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language (pl, appeared 1982)
Also known as: DASL
Origin: Datapoint Corporation
Country: United States


DASL (Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language) was a programming language and compiler proprietary to Datapoint.  Primarily influenced by Pascal with some C touches, it was created in the early 1980s by Gene Hughes. The compiler output was assembly language, which was typically processed through a peep-hole optimizer before the assembler and linker. Reflecting its name, DASL was used for systems programming, mainly by the vendor itself.
datascript (queryLanguage, appeared 2014)
Origin: https://www.patreon.com/tonsky
Country: Germany



GitHub description: Immutable database and Datalog query engine for Clojure, ClojureScript and JS

(require '[datascript.core :as d])

;; Implicit join, multi-valued attribute

(let [schema {:aka {:db/cardinality :db.cardinality/many}}
      conn   (d/create-conn schema)]
  (d/transact! conn [ { :db/id -1
                        :name  "Maksim"
                        :age   45
                        :aka   ["Max Otto von Stierlitz", "Jack Ryan"] } ])
  (d/q '[ :find  ?n ?a
          :where [?e :aka "Max Otto von Stierlitz"]
                 [?e :name ?n]
                 [?e :age  ?a] ]
       @conn))

;; => #{ ["Maksim" 45] }


;; Destructuring, function call, predicate call, query over collection
DATATRIEVE (queryLanguage, appeared 1970)
Origin: Digital Equipment Corporation
Country: United States


DATATRIEVE is a database query and report writer tool from Hewlett-Packard. It runs on the OpenVMS operating system, as well as several PDP-11 operating systems.  DATATRIEVE's command structure is nearly plain English, and it is an early example of a Fourth Generation Language (4GL). It works against flat files, indexed files, and databases. Such data files are delimited using record definitions stored in the Common Data Dictionary (CDD), or in RMS files. DATATRIEVE is used at many OpenVMS installations. DATATRIEVE was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by a team of software engineers at DEC's Central Commercial Engineering facilities in Merrimack and Nashua, New Hampshire, under database architect Jim Starkey. Many of the project's engineers went on to highly visible careers in database management and other software disciplines. DATATRIEVE adopted the wombat as its notional mascot; the program's help file responded to “HELP WOMBAT” with factual information about real world wombats.
Datomic (queryLanguage, appeared 2012)
Origin: Cognitect, Inc
Country: United States
Website: https://docs.datomic.com/on-prem/query/query.html

Datomic's query and rules system is an extended form of Datalog. Datalog is a deductive query system, typically consisting of: A database of facts; A set of rules for deriving new facts from existing facts; a query processor that, given some partial specification of a fact or rule: finds all matching facts.



[:find ?e 
 :where [?e :age 42]]
DAX (queryLanguage, appeared 2009)
Also known as: msdax
Stands for: Data analysis expressions
Origin: Microsoft
Website: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/dax-overview
Keywords: VAR
RETURN
NOT
EVALUATE
DATATABLE
ORDER
BY
START
AT
DEFINE
MEASURE
ASC
DESC
IN
BOOLEAN
DOUBLE
INTEGER
DATETIME
CURRENCY
STRING

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is a formula expression language used in Analysis Services, Power BI, and Power Pivot in Excel. DAX formulas include functions, operators, and values to perform advanced calculations and queries on data in related tables and columns in tabular data models.

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is the native formula and query language for Microsoft PowerPivot, Power BI Desktop and SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Tabular models. DAX includes some of the functions that are used in Excel formulas with additional functions that are designed to work with relational data and perform dynamic aggregation. It is, in part, an evolution of the Multidimensional Expression (MDX) language developed by Microsoft for Analysis Services multidimensional models (often called cubes) combined with Excel formula functions. It is designed to be simple and easy to learn, while exposing the power and flexibility of PowerPivot and SSAS tabular models.


EVALUATE
 ( FILTER ( 'DimProduct', [SafetyStockLevel] < 200 ) )
ORDER BY [EnglishProductName] ASC
DBase (application, appeared 1979)
Origin: dBase, LLC
Country: United States
Website: http://www.dbase.com/


dBase (also stylized dBASE) was one of the first database management systems for microcomputers, and the most successful in its day. The dBase system includes the core database engine, a query system, a forms engine, and a programming language that ties all of these components together. dBase's underlying file format, the .dbf file, is widely used in applications needing a simple format to store structured data. dBase was originally published by Ashton-Tate for microcomputer operating system CP/M in 1980, and later ported to Apple II and IBM PC computers running DOS. On the PC platform, in particular, dBase became one of the best-selling software titles for a number of years. A major upgrade was released as dBase III, and ported to a wider variety of platforms, adding UNIX, and VMS. By the mid-1980s, Ashton-Tate was one of the "big three" software publishers in the early business software market, the others being Lotus Development and WordPerfect. Starting in the mid-1980s, several companies produced their own variations on the dBase product and especially the dBase programming language. These included FoxBASE+ (later renamed FoxPro), Clipper, and other so-called xBase products. Many of these were technically stronger than dBase, but could not push it aside in the market. This changed with the disastrous introduction of dBase IV, whose design and stability were so poor that many users switched to other products. At the same time, there was growing use of IBM-invented SQL (Structured Query Language) in database products. Another factor was user adoption of Microsoft Windows on desktop computers. The shift toward SQL and Windows put pressure on the makers of xBase products to invest in major redesign to provide new capabilities. In spite of growing pressure to evolve, in the early 1990s xBase products constituted the leading database platform for implementing business applications. The size and impact of the xBase market did not go unnoticed, and within one year, the three top xBase firms were acquired by larger software companies. Borland purchased Ashton-Tate, Microsoft bought Fox Software, and Computer Associates acquired Nantucket. However, by the following decade most of the original xBase products had faded from prominence and several disappeared. Products known as dBase still exist, owned by dBase LLC.
dbml (textMarkup, appeared 2019)
Website: https://www.dbml-lang.org/




Table users {
  id integer
  username varchar
  role varchar
  created_at timestamp
}
Table posts {
  id integer [primary key]
  title varchar
  body text [note: 'Content of the post']
  user_id integer
  status post_status
  created_at timestamp
}
Enum post_status {
  draft
  published
  private [note: 'visible via URL only']
}
Dc (pl, appeared 1978)
Stands for: desk calculator
Origin: AT&T Bell Laboratories
Country: United States


dc (desk calculator) is a cross-platform reverse-polish calculator which supports arbitrary-precision arithmetic. It is one of the oldest Unix utilities, predating even the invention of the C programming language. Like other utilities of that vintage, it has a powerful set of features but terse syntax. Traditionally, the bc calculator program (with infix notation) was implemented on top of dc. This article provides some examples in an attempt to give a general flavour of the language; for a complete list of commands and syntax, one should consult the man page for one's specific implementation.
Data Communications ALGOL (pl, appeared 1970)
Origin: Burroughs Corporation




BEGIN
ARRAY DCREC [0:0];
MESSAGE BUSTER;
QUEUE PRIMARY;
INTEGER I1;
POINTER P1;

ALLOCATE (BUSTER, 8);
BUSTER [0] := 0;
I1 := DCWRITE (BUSTER, PRIMARY); %Initialize Primary Queue
ALLOCATE (BUSTER, 9);
BUSTER [0] := 0 & 4 [47:8] & 1 [31:1] & 1 [30:1] & 1 [29:1] 
& 1 [28:1] & 1 [27:1] & 1 [26:1] & 1 [25:1] & 472 [22:23];
I1 := DCWRITE (BUSTER); %Station Inquiry
RESIZE (DCREC, SIZE (BUSTER) + 10, DISCARD);
REPLACE P1:DCREC [1] BY POINTER (BUSTER [1], 8) FOR (SIZE (BUSTER) - 
1) * 6;
WHILE MYSELF.TASKVALUE = 0 DO
  DISPLAY ("HELLO WORLD"); %Duh
END.
Data Catalog Vocabulary (schema, appeared 2014)
Website: https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/


Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. By using DCAT to describe datasets in catalogs, publishers increase discoverability and enable applications to consume metadata from multiple catalogs. It enables decentralized publishing of catalogs and facilitates federated dataset search across catalogs. Aggregated DCAT metadata can serve as a manifest file to facilitate digital preservation.The original DCAT vocabulary was developed at DERI, further developed by W3C's eGov Interest Group, then brought onto the Recommendation Track by W3C's "Government Linked Data" Working Group. DCAT is the foundation for open dataset descriptions in the European Union public sector and was adapted by the ISA programme of the European Commission.As DCAT is extensible, more specific extensions have been created in the statistical and geodata domains.
DDA (pl, appeared 1979)
Origin: Bell Telephone Laboratories
Country: United States


DDA may refer to:  Dda (DNA-dependent ATPase), a DNA helicase Delhi Development Authority, the planning agency for Delhi, India Demand-driven acquisition, a model of library collection development Digital differential analyzer, a digital implementation of a differential analyzer Digital differential analyzer (graphics algorithm), a method of drawing lines on a computer screen Disability Discrimination Act 1992, Australian legislation Disability Discrimination Act 1995, UK legislation Discontinuous Deformation Analysis, an analysis procedure used in physics and engineering Discrete dipole approximation, method for computing scattering of radiation by particles of arbitrary shape Division on Dynamical Astronomy, a branch of the American Astronomical Society Doha Development Agenda of the World Trade Organization Dual Dynamic Acceleration, an Intel technology for increasing single-threaded performance on multi-core processors Dutch Dakota Association, a Dutch organisation dedicated to preserving and operating classic aircraft Dynamic difficulty adjustment or dynamic game difficulty balancing, a method of automatically adjusting video game difficulty based on player ability
DDF (dataNotation, appeared 2016)

DDF is a data model for collaborative harmonization of multidimensional statistics.



ddf--datapoints--population--by--geo--year.csv
ddf--datapoints--gdp--gdp_per_cap--by--geo--year--gender.csv    
ddf--datapoints--population--by--geo-usa-swe--year.csv    
ddf--datapoints--population--by--geo--year-2000.csv   
ddf--datapoints--population--by--geo-ukr--year-2001.csv
ddfql (queryLanguage, appeared 2016)
Origin: https://github.com/open-numbers/
Country: Various




{
 "select": {
   "key": ["geo", "year"],
   "value": [
     "population", "life_expectancy", "gdp_per_cap", "gov_type"
]
 },
 "from": "datapoints",
 "where": {
   "$or": [
{ // implicit $and
       "geo": "$geo",
       "year": { "$eq": 2015 },
     },
{ "population": { "$gt": 100000 } },
{ "gdp_per_cap": { "$gt": 1000 } },
{ "$and": [ // explicit $and
{ "$and": [ { "geo": “$geo” } ], // redundant and
{ "gdp_per_cap": { "$gt": 400, "$lt": 500 } },
{ "life_expectancy": { "$gt": 30, "$lt": 70 } }
]}
]
 },
 "order_by": ["life_expectancy", "population"],
 "join": {
   "$geo": {
     key: "geo",
     where: {
         "is--country": true,
       "latitude": { "$lte": 0 }, 
     }
   }
 },
 "language": "en"
}
De Bruijn index (notation, appeared 1972)
Creators: Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn
Origin: Technical University Eindhoven
Country: Netherlands


In mathematical logic, the de Bruijn index is a tool invented by the Dutch mathematician Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn for representing terms of lambda calculus without naming the bound variables. Terms written using these indices are invariant with respect to α-conversion, so the check for α-equivalence is the same as that for syntactic equality. Each de Bruijn index is a natural number that represents an occurrence of a variable in a λ-term, and denotes the number of binders that are in scope between that occurrence and its corresponding binder. The following are some examples:  The term λx. λy. x, sometimes called the K combinator, is written as λ λ 2 with De Bruijn indices. The binder for the occurrence x is the second λ in scope. The term λx. λy. λz. x z (y z) (the S combinator), with de Bruijn indices, is λ λ λ 3 1 (2 1). The term λz. (λy. y (λx. x)) (λx. z x) is λ (λ 1 (λ 1)) (λ 2 1). See the following illustration, where the binders are coloured and the references are shown with arrows. De Bruijn indices are commonly used in higher-order reasoning systems such as automated theorem provers and logic programming systems.


λ λ λ 3 1 (2 1)
dedukti (pl, appeared 2009)
Origin: https://github.com/Deducteam
Country: France
Website: https://deducteam.github.io



GitHub description: Implementation of the λΠ-calculus modulo rewriting

Nat: Type.
zero: Nat.
succ: Nat -> Nat.
def plus: Nat -> Nat -> Nat.
[ n ] plus zero n --> n
[ n ] plus n zero --> n
[ n, m ] plus (succ n) m --> succ (plus n m)
[ n, m ] plus n (succ m) --> succ (plus n m).
Delphi (pl, appeared 1995)
Also known as: Embarcadero Delphi
Origin: Idera, Inc.
Country: United States
Website: https://www.embarcadero.com/products/delphi


Embarcadero Delphi is an integrated development environment (IDE) for desktop, mobile, web, and console applications. It's also an event driven language. Delphi's compilers use their own Object Pascal dialect of Pascal and generate native code for several platforms: Windows (x86 and x64), OS X (32-bit only), iOS (32 and 64-bit), Android and Linux (64-bit Intel). Delphi, part of RAD Studio, includes a code editor with Code Insight (code completion), Error Insight (real-time error-checking), and other features; refactoring; a visual forms designer for both VCL (native Windows) and FMX (cross-platform, partially native per platform); an integrated debugger for all platforms including mobile; source control (SVN, git, and Mercurial); and support for third-party plugins. It has strong database support. It is not unusual for a Delphi project of a million lines to compile in a few seconds – one benchmark gave 170,000 lines per second. It is under active development, with (in 2016) releases every six months, with new platforms being added approximately every second release. Delphi was originally developed by Borland as a rapid application development tool for Windows as the successor of Turbo Pascal. Delphi added full object-orientation to the existing language, and since then the language has grown and supports many other modern language features, including generics and anonymous methods, as well as unusual features such as inbuilt string types and native COM support. Delphi and its C++ counterpart, C++Builder, share many core components, notably the IDE, the Visual Component Library (VCL), and much of the RTL, and are compatible with each other: C++Builder 6 and onwards can consume Delphi-language files and C++ in the one project, and packages compiled with C++Builder written in C++ can be used from within Delphi. In 2007, the products were released jointly as RAD Studio. RAD Studio is a shared host for Delphi and C++Builder, and can be purchased with either or both. In 2006, Borland’s developer tools section was transferred from Borland to a wholly owned subsidiary known as CodeGear, which was sold to Embarcadero Technologies in 2008. In 2015, Embarcadero was purchased by Idera Software, but the Embarcadero mark was retained for the developer tools division.
Deno (compiler, appeared 2018)
Creators: Ryan Dahl
Origin: Deno Land Inc
Country: United States
Website: https://deno.land/



GitHub description: A modern runtime for JavaScript and TypeScript.

// Imports `serve` from the remote Deno standard library, using URL.
import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@v0.21.0/http/server.ts";

// `serve` function returns an asynchronous iterator, yielding a stream of requests
for await (const req of serve({ port: 8000 })) {
    req.respond({ body: "Hello, World!\n" });
}
DML (pl, appeared 2005)
Origin: Boston University
Carnegie Mellon University
Country: United States


Dependent ML is an experimental functional programming language proposed by Hongwei Xi (Xi 2007) and Frank Pfenning. Dependent ML extends ML by a restricted notion of dependent types: types may be dependent on static indices of type Nat (natural numbers). Dependent ML employs a constraint theorem prover to decide a strong equational theory over the index expressions. DML's types are not dependent on runtime values - there is still a phase distinction between compilation and execution of the program. By restricting the generality of full dependent types type checking remains decidable, but type inference becomes undecidable. Dependent ML has been superseded by ATS and is no longer under active development.
Dern (pl, appeared 2008)
Origin: https://github.com/octaspire
Country: Unknown
Website: https://octaspire.io/dern-manual.html

A platform independent programming language in standard C99. It is a dialect of Lisp with influences from Scheme, Emacs Lisp and C. Runs in Amiga, Haiku, Plan9, Unix, Windows and almost anything between.


GitHub description: Programming language