pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
Bla (pl, appeared 1994)
Creators: Wouter Van Oortmerssen
Origin: University of Amsterdam
Country: Netherlands
Website: http://strlen.com/bla-language/




map(f,[])    = []
map(f,[h|t]) = [f(h)|map(f,t)]

qsort([],_)     = []
qsort([h|t],lt) = append(qsort(filter(lambda(x) = lt(x,h),t),lt),
                      [h|qsort(filter(lambda(x) = not lt(x,h),t),lt)])

stack[T]() = self where
  d = []
  isempty() = d=[]
  push(x:T) do d:=[x|d]
  pop():T = d | []    -> nil   -- raise stack_empty
              | [h|t] -> h do d:=t
Blacklight (pl, appeared 2015)
Creators: Anthony M. Cook
Origin: http://anthonymcook.com/
Country: Unknown
Website: http://blog.anthonymcook.com/blacklight/

blacklight is a general-pupose multithreading concatenative stack-based programming language with first-class queues and objects with delegation.


GitHub description: a stack-based concatenative virtual machine for implementing highly concurrent languages

newq newq                ;; create send and receive queues
[
  [
    deq                  ;; will block if the queue is empty
    n-to-cv rot swap enq ;; convert number into a cv (string) and send back
    swap                 ;; reorder queues so we can loop without confusion
  ] loop                 ;; using loop since it goes forever
] work                   ;; start new thread and swap the queues
swap                     ;; bring send queue to top
1 enq 2 enq 3 enq 4 enq  ;; send some numbers to be converted
0
[ 1 add ]
[ 1000 eq ]
until drop               ;; give the main thread busywork
swap q-to-v              ;; get contents of receive Q as V
print                    ;; display contents of V
Blade (template, appeared 2011)
Origin: Laravel
Country: United States
Website: https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/blade




<!-- Stored in resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php -->

<html>
    <head>
        <title>App Name - @yield('title')</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        @section('sidebar')
            This is the master sidebar.
        @show

        <div class="container">
            @yield('content')
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
BLAKE (hashFunction, appeared 2012)
Origin: UBS AG
Cyberjaya
Stuttgart Technology University of Applied Sciences
Kudelski Security
Country: Switzerland and Malaysia and Germany


BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Dan Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants, is added before each ChaCha round. Like SHA-2, there are two variants differing in the word size. ChaCha operates on a 4×4 array of words. BLAKE repeatedly combines an 8-word hash value with 16 message words, truncating the ChaCha result to obtain the next hash value. BLAKE-256 and BLAKE-224 use 32-bit words and produce digest sizes of 256 bits and 224 bits, respectively, while BLAKE-512 and BLAKE-384 use 64-bit words and produce digest sizes of 512 bits and 384 bits, respectively. The BLAKE2 hash function, based on BLAKE, was announced in 2012. The BLAKE3 hash function, based on BLAKE2, was announced in 2020.
Binary Lambda Calculus (esolang, appeared 2004)
Creators: John Tromp
Origin: Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
Country: Netherlands
Website: http://tromp.github.io/cl/Binary_lambda_calculus.html

Binary lambda calculus (BLC) is a minimal, pure functional programming language invented by John Tromp in 2004,[1] based on a binary encoding of the untyped lambda calculus in De Bruijn index notation.
Blender (application, appeared 1998)
Origin: Blender Foundation
Country: Netherlands
File extensions: blend


Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software toolset used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D printed models, interactive 3D applications and video games. Blender's features include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animating, match moving, rendering, motion graphics, video editing and compositing. While current versions also feature an integrated game engine, the upcoming 2.8 release will remove it.
BLISS (pl, appeared 1969)
Creators: William Wulf
Origin: Carnegie-Mellon University
Country: United States


BLISS is a system programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon University by W. A. Wulf, D. B. Russell, and A. N. Habermann around 1970. It was perhaps the best known systems programming language right up until C made its debut a few years later. Since then, C took off and BLISS faded into obscurity. When C was in its infancy, a few projects within Bell Labs were debating the merits of BLISS vs. C. BLISS is a typeless block-structured language based on expressions rather than statements, and includes constructs for exception handling, coroutines, and macros. It does not include a goto statement. The name is variously said to be short for "Basic Language for Implementation of System Software" or "System Software Implementation Language, Backwards". It was sometimes called "Bill's Language for Implementing System Software", after Bill Wulf. The original Carnegie Mellon compiler was notable for its extensive use of optimizations, and formed the basis of the classic book The Design of an Optimizing Compiler. DEC developed and maintained BLISS compilers for the PDP-10, PDP-11, VAX, DEC Prism, MIPS, DEC Alpha, and Intel IA-32, The language did not become popular among customers and few had the compiler, but DEC used it heavily in-house into the 1980s; most of the utility programs for the VMS operating system were written in BLISS-32. After its acquisition of DEC, Compaq developed and maintained a BLISS compiler for Intel IA-64.
Blitz3D (pl, appeared 2001)
Origin: Blitz Research
Country: New Zealand


Blitz BASIC refers to the programming language dialect that was interpreted by the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly. Being derived from BASIC, Blitz syntax was designed to be easy to pick up for beginners first learning to program.  The languages are game-programming oriented but are often found general-purpose enough to be used for most types of application. The Blitz language evolved as new products were released, with recent incarnations offering support for more advanced programming techniques such as object-orientation and multi-threading.  This led to the languages losing their BASIC moniker in later years.
BlitzBasic (pl, appeared 2000)
Origin: Blitz Research
Country: New Zealand


Blitz BASIC refers to the programming language dialect that was interpreted by the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly. Being derived from BASIC, Blitz syntax was designed to be easy to pick up for beginners first learning to program.  The languages are game-programming oriented but are often found general-purpose enough to be used for most types of application. The Blitz language evolved as new products were released, with recent incarnations offering support for more advanced programming techniques such as object-orientation and multi-threading.  This led to the languages losing their BASIC moniker in later years.
BlitzPlus (pl, appeared 2003)
Origin: Blitz Research
Country: New Zealand


Blitz BASIC refers to the programming language dialect that was interpreted by the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly. Being derived from BASIC, Blitz syntax was designed to be easy to pick up for beginners first learning to program.  The languages are game-programming oriented but are often found general-purpose enough to be used for most types of application. The Blitz language evolved as new products were released, with recent incarnations offering support for more advanced programming techniques such as object-orientation and multi-threading.  This led to the languages losing their BASIC moniker in later years.
Blockly (library, appeared 2011)
Origin: Google
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Country: United States


Blockly is a client-side JavaScript library for creating visual block programming languages and editors. It is a project of Google and is open-source under the Apache 2.0 License. It typically runs in a web browser, and visually resembles Scratch. Blockly is also being implemented for Android and iOS; not all web browser based features are available for Android/iOS. Blockly uses visual blocks that link together to make writing code easier, and can generate JavaScript, Python, PHP or Dart code. It can also be customised to generate code in any textual computer language.
BlooP (esolang, appeared 1979)
Origin: Fluid Analogies Research Group
Country: United States


BlooP and FlooP are simple programming languages designed by Douglas Hofstadter to illustrate a point in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. BlooP is a non-Turing-complete programming language whose main control flow structure is a bounded loop (i.e. recursion is not permitted). All programs in the language must terminate, and this language can only express primitive recursive functions. FlooP is identical to BlooP except that it supports unbounded loops; it is a Turing-complete language and can express all computable functions. For example, it can express the Ackermann function, which (not being primitive recursive) cannot be written in BlooP. Borrowing from standard terminology in mathematical logic, Hofstadter calls FlooP's unbounded loops MU-loops. Like all Turing-complete programming languages, FlooP suffers from the halting problem: programs might not terminate, and it is not possible, in general, to decide which programs do. BlooP and FlooP can be regarded as models of computation, and have sometimes been used in teaching computability.
Blox (pl, appeared 2018)



GitHub description: Blox programming language

print(1+2*3/4)

print(3.0-1.5)

print(1 > 0)
print(1 < 0)
print(1 >= 0)
print(1 <= 0)
print(1 == 0)
print(1 != 0)

print(not TRUE and FALSE or TRUE)
Bluespec (pl, appeared 2000)
Origin: Bluespec, Inc
Country: United States


Bluespec, Inc. is a semiconductor tool design company co-founded by Prof. Arvind of MIT in June 2003. Arvind had previously founded Sandburst in 2000, which specialized in producing chips for 10G-bit Ethernet routers; for this task, Arvind had developed the Bluespec language, a high-level functional hardware description programming language which was essentially Haskell extended to handle chip design and electronic design automation in general. The main designer and implementor of Bluespec was Lennart Augustsson. Bluespec is partially evaluated (to convert the Haskell parts) and compiled to the term rewriting system (TRS). It comes with a SystemVerilog frontend.Bluespec has two product lines. Primarily for ASIC and FPGA hardware designers and architects, Bluespec supplies high-level synthesis (ESL logic synthesis) with RTL.  The first Bluespec workshop [1] was held on August 13, 2007 at MIT.
bml (dataNotation, appeared 2014)




server
  path: /core/www/
  host: example.com
  port: 80
  service: true
  proxy
    host: proxy.example.com
    port: 8080
    authentication: plain
  description
    :Primary web-facing server
    :Provides commerce-related functionality

server
  ...
  proxy host="proxy.example.com" port="8080"
    authentication: plain
BMP file format (binaryDataFormat, appeared 2000)
Origin: Microsoft
Country: United States


The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or simply a bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems. The BMP file format is capable of storing two-dimensional digital images both monochrome and color, in various color depths, and optionally with data compression, alpha channels, and color profiles. The Windows Metafile (WMF) specification covers the BMP file format. Among others, wingdi.h defines BMP constants and structures.
BNF (grammarLanguage, appeared 1956)
Stands for: Backus–Naur Form
Creators: John Backus
Peter Naur
Origin: IBM
Country: United States


In computer science, Backus–Naur form or Backus normal form (BNF) is a notation technique for context-free grammars, often used to describe the syntax of languages used in computing, such as computer programming languages, document formats, instruction sets and communication protocols. They are applied wherever exact descriptions of languages are needed: for instance, in official language specifications, in manuals, and in textbooks on programming language theory. Many extensions and variants of the original Backus–Naur notation are used; some are exactly defined, including extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) and augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF).
Boo (pl, appeared 2003)
Creators: Rodrigo B. De Oliveira
Origin: The Boo Programming Language
Country: Brasil
Website: https://github.com/boo-lang


Boo is an object-oriented, statically typed, general-purpose programming language that seeks to make use of the Common Language Infrastructure's support for Unicode, internationalization, and web applications, while using a Python-inspired syntax and a special focus on language and compiler extensibility. Some features of note include type inference, generators, multimethods, optional duck typing, macros, true closures, currying, and first-class functions. Boo was one of the three scripting languages for the Unity game engine (Unity Technologies employed De Oliveira), until it was dropped in 2014 due to small userbase. Boo is free software released under the BSD 3-Clause license. It is compatible with both the Microsoft .NET and Mono frameworks.
Boogie (pl, appeared 2008)
Origin: Microsoft
Website: https://boogie-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

The Boogie IVL (intermediate verification language) is a simple language designed for verification which was originally created by Microsoft Research.



// Variable a is a nested map that maps
// integers to a map that maps 32-bit wide bitvectors
// to booleans.
var a:[int][bv32]bool;
Bossam Rule Language (queryLanguage, appeared 2004)
Origin: Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute
Country: South Korea




prefix family = http://family.com/Family#;
namespace = http://family.com/Johns#;
rule r1 is
 if
  family:isFatherOf(?x,?y)
  and family:isBrotherOf(?z,?
 then
  family:isUncleOf(?z,?y);
fact f1 is
 family:isFatherOf(John,Bob);
Bourne shell (pl, appeared 1977)
Origin: Bell Telephone
Country: United States


The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell, or command-line interpreter, for computer operating systems. The Bourne shell was the default shell for Version 7 Unix. Most Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users. Developed by Stephen Bourne at Bell Labs, it was a replacement for the Thompson shell, whose executable file had the same name—sh. It was released in 1977 in the Version 7 Unix release distributed to colleges and universities. Although it is used as an interactive command interpreter, it was also intended as a scripting language and contains most of the features that are commonly considered to produce structured programs. It gained popularity with the publication of The Unix Programming Environment by Brian Kernighan and Rob Pike—the first commercially published book that presented the shell as a programming language in a tutorial form.
BPEL (xmlFormat, appeared 2001)
Stands for: Business Process Execution Language
Origin: OASIS
Country: United States


The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services. Processes in BPEL export and import information by using web service interfaces exclusively.
BPMN (visual, appeared 2004)
Stands for: Business Process Model and Notation
Origin: Business Process Management Initiative
Object Management Group
Country: United States


Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model. Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI) developed BPMN, which has been maintained by the Object Management Group since the two organizations merged in 2005. Version 2.0 of BPMN was released in January 2011, at which point the name was adapted to Business Process Model and Notation as execution semantics were also introduced alongside the notational and diagramming elements.
BQN (pl, appeared 2020)
Stands for: Big Questions Notation
Creators: Marshall Lochbaum
Origin: https://github.com/mlochbaum/BQN/issues
Country: United States
Website: https://mlochbaum.github.io/BQN/

An APL-like programming language. Self-hosted!


GitHub description: An APL-like programming language. Self-hosted!

#! /usr/bin/env bqn

# Case conversion utilities
case ← {
  diff ← -´ "Aa"
  Lower ⇐ -⟜diff
  Upper ⇐ Lower⁼
}

hw ← <˘ 2‿∘ ⥊ "helloworld"
hw case.Upper⌾(⊑¨)↩
•Out hw ↩ ∾ ⥊⍉ [hw, ", "‿"!"]  # Hello, World!

# Split at spaces and repeated characters
Split ← {
  !1==𝕩 ⋄ (!2=•Type)¨𝕩
  Proc ← {
    · 𝕊 ' ': spl⇐1 ;             # Space: break and delete it
    prev Fn cur: ⟨spl,str⟩⇐
      spl←0 ⋄ str←⟨cur⟩          # Include and don't break...
      { prev=cur ? spl+↩1 ; @ }  # except at equal characters
  }
  GV‿GS ← {𝕏¨}¨ ⟨ {⟨s⇐str⟩:s;""}
                  {𝕩.spl} ⟩
  r ← Proc{»𝔽¨⊢} 𝕩
  (∾¨ GV ⊔˜ ·+`GS) r
}
•Show Split hw  # ⟨ "Hel" "lo," "World!" ⟩
Brainfuck (esolang, appeared 1993)
Also known as: brainf
Creators: Urban Müller
Origin: Sentience Politics
Country: Switzerland

A nsfw esolang.

Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Urban Müller, and notable for its extreme minimalism. The language consists of only eight simple commands and an instruction pointer. While it is fully Turing-complete, it is not intended for practical use, but to challenge and amuse programmers. Brainfuck simply requires one to break commands into microscopic steps. The language's name is a reference to the slang term brainfuck, which refers to things so complicated or unusual that they exceed the limits of one's understanding.
Breccia (textMarkup, appeared 2019)
Creators: Michael Allan
Origin: reluk
Country: Canada
Website: http://reluk.ca/project/Breccia/
File extensions: brec



GitHub description: Lightweight markup for point-form outlining and drafting. (mirror)

Definition of terms for project Breccia

    : see also http://reluk.ca/project/wayic/refractory/index.brec

    @
        - A containment operator.
        : see `^^containment clause$` @ language_definition.brec
        : see `^^CS$` @ language_definition.brec
    alphanumeric
        - (of a character) Having a Unicode property of `Alphabetic` or `Decimal_Number`.
            : re `Alphabetic` see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/tr44-26.html#Alphabetic
            : re `Decimal_Number`
              see https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/tr44-26.html#General_Category_Values
    .brec
        - The file extension for Breccia.
            : see `Filename extension` @ README.html
BrightScript (pl, appeared 2008)
Origin: Atlassian
Country: Australia
Website: http://docs.brightsign.biz/display/DOC/BrightScript

BrightScript is a powerful scripting language for building media and networked applications for embedded devices. This language features integrated support for a lightweight library of BrightScript objects, which are used to expose the API of the platform (device) that is running BrightScript. The BrightScript language connects generalized script functionality with underlying components for networking, media playback, UI screens, and interactive interfaces; BrightScript is optimized for generating user-friendly applications with minimal programmer effort. Now part of Roku.



REM
REM The game of Snake
REM demonstrates BrightScript programming concepts
REM June 22, 2008
 
REM
REM Every BrightScript program must have a single Main()
REM
 
Sub Main()
 
    game_board=newGameBoard()
 
    While true
        game_board.SetSnake(newSnake(game_board.StartX(), game_board.StartY()))
        game_board.Draw()
        game_board.EventLoop()
        if game_board.GameOver() then ExitWhile
    End While
End Sub
BRUIN (pl, appeared 1968)
Stands for: Brown University Interactive Language
Origin: Brown University
Country: United States


Brown University Interactive Language (BRUIN) was an introductory programming language developed at Brown University in the late 1960s.  It operated in the IBM 360, and was similar to PL/1.  The abstract of R. G. Munck's document, "Meeting the Computational Requirements of the University, Brown University Interactive Language" describes BRUIN as "a JOSS-like interpreter and a WATFOR-Like compiler and has a syntax very much like PL/I. It is intended that BRUIN and PL/I will together form a language system which will supply most of the (non-computer science) computational requirements of the university."
Bucardo (application, appeared 2009)
Creators: Jon Jensen
Origin: https://github.com/bucardo/bucardo
Country: United States
Website: https://bucardo.org/Bucardo/

Bucardo is an asynchronous PostgreSQL replication system, allowing for multi-source, multi-target operations. Bucardo is a replication system for Postgres that supports any number of sources and targets (aka masters and slaves). It is asynchronous and trigger based.


GitHub description: Bucardo multimaster and master/slave Postgres replication
BuddyScript (pl, appeared 2002)
Origin: ActiveBuddy
Country: United States


BuddyScript is a domain-specific language originally developed by ActiveBuddy. The main purpose of the language is to be able to process natural language queries and return results in natural language form. It was the core language for the SmarterChild and Windows Live Agents which were IM/Web based robots. As the Windows Live Agents SDK has been retired by Microsoft, the future of BuddyScript is uncertain. Like Python BuddyScript uses whitespace indentation to delimit blocks (also known as off-side rule).
Bun (vm, appeared 2021)
Creators: Jarred Sumner
Origin: Zig Programming Language
Country: Various
Website: https://bun.sh/

Bundle, transpile, install and run JavaScript & TypeScript projects — all in Bun. Bun is a new JavaScript runtime with a native bundler, transpiler, task runner and npm client built-in.


GitHub description: Incredibly fast JavaScript runtime, bundler, transpiler and package manager – all in one.
Business application language (pl, appeared 1974)
Origin: Honeywell
Country: United States


Business Application Language (BAL) refers to one of many offshoots of the BASIC language and should not be confused with IBM's well-established Basic assembly language. Business Application Language was originally defined by Honeywell in 1973 and the major diffusion was in their system '80-'90 in Europe with the work of French firm Prologue S.A. that used BAL for programming on their proprietary Operative System (Prologue). In 1986 the language was ported to the Unix platform by GuyPes.  The first development environment, named Balix, are distributed starting in  1988 in Italy and France. A different evolution path was made by Prologue S.A., named ABAL, in 1992. The evolution of Balix, developed in Italy, is called B2U (an acronym for Business under UNIX) developed by GuyPes, and are used for a Banking Information System that are used by one hundred banks in Italy.