pldb/PLDB huggingface dataset:
REST (protocol, appeared 1996)
Origin: University of California, Irvine
Country: United States


Representational state transfer (REST) or RESTful web services are a way of providing interoperability between computer systems on the Internet. REST-compliant Web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate textual representations of Web resources using a uniform and predefined set of stateless operations. Other forms of Web services exist, which expose their own arbitrary sets of operations such as WSDL and SOAP. "Web resources" were first defined on the World Wide Web as documents or files identified by their URLs, but today they have a much more generic and abstract definition encompassing every thing or entity that can be identified, named, addressed or handled, in any way whatsoever, on the Web. In a RESTful Web service, requests made to a resource's URI will elicit a response that may be in XML, HTML, JSON or some other defined format. The response may confirm that some alteration has been made to the stored resource, and it may provide hypertext links to other related resources or collections of resources. Using HTTP, as is most common, the kind of operations available include those predefined by the HTTP methods GET, POST, PUT, DELETE and so on. By using a stateless protocol and standard operations, REST systems aim for fast performance, reliability, and the ability to grow, by re-using components that can be managed and updated without affecting the system as a whole, even while it is running. The term representational state transfer was introduced and defined in 2000 by Roy Fielding in his doctoral dissertation. Fielding's dissertation explained the REST principles were known as the "HTTP object model" beginning in 1994, and were used in designing the HTTP 1.1 and Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) standards. The term is intended to evoke an image of how a well-designed Web application behaves: it is a network of Web resources (a virtual state-machine) where the user progresses through the application by selecting links, such as /user/tom, and operations such as GET or DELETE (state transitions), resulting in the next resource (representing the next state of the application) being transferred to the user for their use.
reStructuredText (textMarkup, appeared 2002)
Creators: David Goodger
Origin: https://sourceforge.net/p/docutils/_list/tickets
Country: Canada

"reStructuredText" is ONE word, not two! reStructuredText is an easy-to-read, what-you-see-is-what-you-get plaintext markup syntax and parser system. It is useful for in-line program documentation (such as Python docstrings), for quickly creating simple web pages, and for standalone documents. reStructuredText is designed for extensibility for specific application domains. The reStructuredText parser is a component of Docutils. reStructuredText is a revision and reinterpretation of the StructuredText and Setext lightweight markup systems.

reStructuredText (sometimes abbreviated as RST, ReST, or reST) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation. It is part of the Docutils project of the Python Doc-SIG (Documentation Special Interest Group), aimed at creating a set of tools for Python similar to Javadoc for Java or POD for Perl. Docutils can extract comments and information from Python programs, and format them into various forms of program documentation. In this sense, reStructuredText is a lightweight markup language designed to be both (a) processable by documentation-processing software such as Docutils, and (b) easily readable by human programmers who are reading and writing Python source code.
Reverse Polish notation (notation, appeared 1953)
Origin: Zuse-Ingenieurbüro Hopferau
Country: Germany


Reverse Polish notation (RPN), also known as Polish postfix notation or simply postfix notation, is a mathematical notation in which operators follow their operands, in contrast to Polish notation (PN), in which operators precede their operands. It does not need any parentheses as long as each operator has a fixed number of operands. The description "Polish" refers to the nationality of logician Jan Łukasiewicz, who invented Polish notation in 1924.The reverse Polish scheme was proposed in 1954 by Arthur Burks, Don Warren, and Jesse Wright and was independently reinvented by Friedrich L. Bauer and Edsger W. Dijkstra in the early 1960s to reduce computer memory access and utilize the stack to evaluate expressions. The algorithms and notation for this scheme were extended by Australian philosopher and computer scientist Charles L. Hamblin in the mid-1950s.During the 1970s and 1980s, Hewlett-Packard used RPN in all of their desktop and hand-held calculators, and continued to use it in some into the 2010's.  In computer science, reverse Polish notation is used in stack-oriented programming languages such as Forth and PostScript. Most of what follows is about binary operators. An example of a unary operator whose standard notation may be interpreted as reverse Polish notation is the factorial, "n!".
Autodesk Revit (application, appeared 1997)
Origin: Autodesk, Inc
Country: United States


Autodesk Revit is building information modelling software for architects, landscape architects, structural engineers, MEP engineers, designers and contractors. The original software was developed by Charles River Software, founded in 1997, renamed Revit Technology Corporation in 2000, and acquired by Autodesk in 2002. The software allows users to design a building and structure and its components in 3D, annotate the model with 2D drafting elements, and access building information from the building model's database. Revit is 4D BIM capable with tools to plan and track various stages in the building's lifecycle, from concept to construction and later maintenance and/or demolition.
Revolution (pl, appeared 1993)
Creators: Mark Waddingham
Origin: LiveCode Ltd
Country: United Kingdom
Website: https://livecode.com/


LiveCode (formerly Revolution and MetaCard) is a cross-platform rapid application development runtime environment inspired by HyperCard. It features the Transcript (formerly MetaTalk) programming language which belongs to the family of xTalk scripting languages like HyperCard's HyperTalk.The environment was introduced in 2001.  The "Revolution" development system was based on the MetaCard engine technology which Runtime Revolution later acquired from MetaCard Corporation in 2003. The platform won the Macworld Annual Editor's Choice Award for "Best Development Software" in 2004.  "Revolution" was renamed "LiveCode" in the fall of 2010.  "LiveCode" is developed and sold by Runtime Revolution Ltd., based in Edinburgh, Scotland. In March, 2015, the company was renamed "LiveCode Ltd.", to unify the company name with the product. In April 2013 a free/open source version 'LiveCode Community Edition 6.0' was published after a successful crowdfunding campaign at Kickstarter. The code base was re-licensed and made available as free and open source software with a version in April 2013. LiveCode runs on iOS, Android, OS X, Windows 95 through Windows 10, Raspberry Pi and several variations of Unix, including Linux, Solaris, and BSD. It can be used for mobile, desktop and server/CGI applications. The iOS (iPhone and iPad) version was released in December 2010. The first version to deploy to the Web was released in 2009. It is the most widely used HyperCard/HyperTalk clone, and the only one that runs on all major operating systems. A developer release of v.8 was announced in New York on March 12, 2015. This major enhancement to the product includes a new, separate development language, known as "LiveCode Builder",  which is capable of creating new object classes called "widgets". In earlier versions, the set of object classes was fixed, and could only be enhanced via the use of ordinary procedural languages like C. The new language, which runs in its own IDE, is a departure from the transitional x-talk paradigm in that it permits typing of variables. But the two environments are fully integrated, and apart from the ability to create new objects, development in LiveCode proceeds in the normal way, within the established IDE. A second crowdfunding campaign to Bring HTML5 to LiveCode reached funding goals of nearly $400,000 USD on July 31, 2014. LiveCode developer release 8.0 DP4 (August 31, 2015) was the first to include a standalone deployment option to HTML5.

GitHub description: LiveCode cross-platform development environment (engine)
Rexon (pl, appeared 1978)
Origin: Rexon Business Machines
Country: United States


Rexon Business Machines, later Rexon, Inc., was a manufacturer of small business computer systems founded by Ben C. Wang in 1978 in Culver City, California.  It also became a major manufacturer of tape drives and related products.  At its height, it played a significant role in the development and sale of magnetic tape data storage products.  It traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol REXN until it filed for bankruptcy in 1995  and was acquired by Legacy Storage Systems, a Canadian company.  It was last headquartered in Longmont, Colorado.
Rexx (pl, appeared 1979)
Creators: Mike Cowlishaw
Origin: IBM
Country: United Kingdom
File extensions: cmd
exec
rexx
rex


Rexx (Restructured Extended Executor) is an interpreted programming language developed at IBM by Mike Cowlishaw. It is a structured, high-level programming language designed for ease of learning and reading. Proprietary and open source REXX interpreters exist for a wide range of computing platforms; compilers exist for IBM mainframe computers. Rexx is used as a scripting and macro language, and is often used for processing data and text and generating reports; these similarities with Perl mean that Rexx works well in Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programming and it is indeed used for this purpose. Rexx is the primary scripting language in some operating systems, e.g. OS/2, MVS, VM, AmigaOS, and is also used as an internal macro language in some other software, such as KEDIT, THE and the ZOC terminal emulator. Additionally, the Rexx language can be used for scripting and macros in any program that uses Windows Scripting Host ActiveX scripting engines languages (e.g. VBScript and JScript) if one of the Rexx engines is installed. Rexx is supplied with VM/SP on up, TSO/E Version 2 on up, OS/2 (1.3 and later, where it is officially named Procedures Language/2), AmigaOS Version 2 on up, PC DOS (7.0 or 2000), and Windows NT 4.0 (Resource Kit: Regina). REXX scripts for OS/2 share the filename extension .cmd with other scripting languages, and the first line of the script specifies the interpreter to be used. REXX macros for REXX-aware applications use extensions determined by the application. In the late 1980s Rexx became the common scripting language for IBM Systems Application Architecture, where it was renamed "SAA Procedure Language REXX." A Rexx script or command is sometimes referred to as an EXEC in a nod to Rexx's role as a replacement for the older EXEC command language on CP/CMS and VM/370 and EXEC 2 command language on VM/SP.
RFC (notation, appeared 1969)
Stands for: Request for Comments
Creators: Steve Crocker
Origin: University of California, Los Angeles
Country: United States


A Request for Comments (RFC) is a type of publication from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Society (ISOC), the principal technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet. An RFC is authored by engineers and computer scientists in the form of a memorandum describing methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the working of the Internet and Internet-connected systems. It is submitted either for peer review or simply to convey new concepts, information, or (occasionally) engineering humor. The IETF adopts some of the proposals published as RFCs as Internet Standards. Request for Comments documents were invented by Steve Crocker in 1969 to help record unofficial notes on the development of ARPANET. RFCs have since become official documents of Internet specifications, communications protocols, procedures, and events.
Rholang (contractLanguage, appeared 2016)
Origin: https://rchain-community.github.io/
Website: https://rchain-community.github.io/

Rholang is an open and scalable blockchain language designed for speed, reliability and formal process orchestration build on latest research in the reflective high order process calculus.


GitHub description: Blockchain (smart contract) platform using CBC-Casper proof of stake + Rholang for concurrent execution.

new helloworld, stdout(`rho:io:stdout`) in { 
   contract helloworld( world ) = { 
       for( @msg <- world ) { 
           stdout!(msg) 
       }
   } | 
   new world, world2 in {
        helloworld!(*world) | 
        world!("Hello World") |
         helloworld!(*world2) | 
         world2!("Hello World again")
   }
}
RigC (pl, appeared 2021)
Creators: Poeta Kodu
Origin: https://github.com/RigCLang
Country: Poland
Website: https://rigc-lang.org
File extensions: rigc
Keywords: as
break
class
const
continue
do
else
enum
export
false
for
from
func
if
import
of
override
ret
template
true
type_name
union
var
while



GitHub description: A prototype of RigC programming language.
Ring (pl, appeared 2016)
Creators: Mahmoud Fayed
Origin: King Saud University
Country: Saudi Arabia
Website: http://ring-lang.net
File extensions: ring
rh
rform


Ring is a dynamic and general-purpose programming language. It can be embedded in C/C++ projects, extended using C/C++ code and/or used as a standalone language. The supported programming paradigms are imperative, procedural, object-oriented, functional, Meta programming, declarative programming using nested structures, and natural programming. The language is portable (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android, etc.) and can be used to create Console, GUI, Web, Games and Mobile applications.
Ripple (pl, appeared 2014)
Creators: Yuya Watari
Origin: Tokyo Institute of Technology
Country: Japan
Website: https://github.com/Ripple-Lang/Ripple

Ripple is a programming language which is well designed for numerical simulations.


GitHub description: Programming Language "Ripple"

// Stage
//   - A target object of this simulation
stage n as long; // the number of mice
// Parameter
param c as int;  // the number of mice which one mouse gives birth to
// Initialization
init {
    n<0> = 2; // n<0> means the value of n when time is 0
}
// Operation
//   - Code which is executed every time (like recurrence formula)
operation {
    n<next> = n<now> * c; // "now" and "next" are keywords in Ripple. next == now + 1.
}
RISC-V (isa, appeared 2010)
Also known as: riscv
Origin: University of California, Berkeley
Country: United States


RISC-V (pronounced "risk-five") is an open instruction set architecture (ISA) based on established reduced instruction set computing (RISC) principles. In contrast to most ISAs, the RISC-V ISA can be freely used for any purpose, permitting anyone to design, manufacture and sell RISC-V chips and software. While not the first open ISA, it is significant because it is designed to be useful in modern computerized devices such as warehouse-scale cloud computers, high-end mobile phones and the smallest embedded systems. Such uses demand that the designers consider both performance and power efficiency. The instruction set also has a substantial body of supporting software, which fixes a usual weakness of new instruction sets. The project began in 2010 at the University of California, Berkeley, but many contributors are volunteers and industry workers outside the university. The RISC-V ISA has been designed with small, fast, and low-power real-world implementations in mind, but without over-architecting for a particular microarchitecture style. As of May 2017, version 2.2 of the userspace ISA is fixed and the privileged ISA is available as draft version 1.10.
rise (pl, appeared 2020)
Origin: University of Glasgow
Country: United Kingdom

Rise is a functional pattern-based language in the style of Lift. Rise provides a set of data-parallel high-level patterns that are used to describe computations over higher dimensional arrays (aka tensors) in an abstract way. For example, the map pattern applies a given function to every element of the input array. The zip pattern combines two input arrays pairwise to produce an output array of pairs. The reduce pattern is customized with a binary reduction operator (such as addition), a matching neutral element (such as zero), and an input array that is reduced to a single value (such as the sum of all elements).



fun(A : N.K.float => fun(B : K.M.float =>
 A |> map(fun(arow =>
  B |> map(fun(bcol =>
   zip(arow, bcol) |> map(*) |> reduce(+, 0) )) ))))
RLaB (pl, appeared 1998)
Origin: https://sourceforge.net/p/rlab/bugs
Country: United States


Rlab is an interactive, interpreted numerical computation program and its core programming language, written by Ian Searle. Rlab (the language) is very high level and is intended to provide fast prototyping and program development, as well as easy data-visualization, and processing. Rlab was not designed as a clone of MATLAB. However, as Rlab (the program) is intended to provide a good experimental environment (or laboratory) in which to do matrix math, the programming language possesses similar operators and concepts and could be called MATLAB-like. Rlab borrows some of the best features of the MATLAB language but provides them through a different syntax that has been modified in order to be more expressive while reducing ambiguity. The variable scoping rules facilitate the creation of larger programs and re-usable program libraries. A heterogeneous associative array datatype has been added to allow users to create and operate on arbitrary data structures. The fundamental data type is the dense floating point matrix (either real or complex), though string and sparse numerical matrices (both real and complex) are also provided. Rlab 2.1 is no longer under active development. Binary versions are available for Linux and for Windows, and source code is available under the GPL. Rlab 2.2 has been released as a part of the project rlabplus by Marijan Koštrun.
Robic (pl, appeared 1975)
Origin: USSR Ministry of Radio
Country: Former USSR


Robic (Russian: Робик) —a programming language created in the USSR for primary school education (8–11 years old children). The language was developed in 1975 and after changes was included in the Agat software system as "schoolgirl". The language uses syntax based on the Russian vocabulary. An interesting language feature is performer comprehension using, that is some object, that functions in some environment owned for each performer. It is possible to create and delete different types of performers. Each type of performer has its own command collection for main language command expansion.
RoboMind (pl, appeared 2005)
Origin: University of Amsterdam
Research Kitchen
Country: The Netherlands
Website: http://www.robomind.net


RoboMind is a simple educational programming environment with its own scripting language that allows beginners to learn the basics of computer science by programming a simulated robot. In addition to introducing common programming techniques, it also aims at offering insights in robotics and artificial intelligence. RoboMind is available as stand-alone application for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. It was first released in 2005 and was originally developed by Arvid Halma, a student of the University of Amsterdam at that time. Since 2011 RoboMind is published by Research Kitchen.


paintWhite
repeat(4) {
    forward(2)
    right
}
Robots.txt (configFormat, appeared 1994)
Creators: Martijn Koster
Origin: https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200350/http://inkdroid.org/tmp/www-talk/4113.html
Country: United Kingdom

A robots.txt file tells search engine crawlers which URLs the crawler can access on your site.



User-agent: googlebot        # all Google services
Disallow: /private/          # disallow this directory

User-agent: googlebot-news   # only the news service
Disallow: /                  # disallow everything

User-agent: *                # any robot
Disallow: /something/        # disallow this directory
Rockstar (esolang, appeared 2018)
Creators: Dylan Beattie
Origin: https://github.com/RockstarLang
Country: United Kingdom
Website: https://codewithrockstar.com/

Rockstar is a dynamically typed Turing-complete programming language. Rockstar is designed for creating computer programs that are also song lyrics, and is heavily influenced by the lyrical conventions of 1980s hard rock and power ballads.


GitHub description: The Rockstar programming language specification

Midnight takes your heart and your soul
While your heart is as high as your soul
Put your heart without your soul into your heart

Give back your heart


Desire is a lovestruck ladykiller
My world is nothing 
Fire is ice
Hate is water
Until my world is Desire,
Build my world up
If Midnight taking my world, Fire is nothing and Midnight taking my world, Hate is nothing
Shout "FizzBuzz!"
Take it to the top

If Midnight taking my world, Fire is nothing
Shout "Fizz!"
Take it to the top

If Midnight taking my world, Hate is nothing
Say "Buzz!"
Take it to the top

Whisper my world
Rocky Mountain BASIC (pl, appeared 1988)
Origin: Hewlett-Packard Company
Country: United States


Rocky Mountain BASIC (also RMB or RM-BASIC) is a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by Hewlett-Packard.  It was especially popular for control of automatic test equipment using GPIB.  It has several features which are or were unusual in BASIC dialects, such as event-driven operation, extensive external I/O support, complex number support, and matrix manipulation functions.  Today, RMB is mainly used in environments where an investment in RMB software, hardware, or expertise already exists.
Ron (dataNotation, appeared 2015)
Stands for: Rusty Object Notation
Creators: Juniper Tyree
Origin: https://github.com/ron-rs
Country: Finland

RON is a simple readable data serialization format that looks similar to Rust syntax. It's designed to support all of Serde's data model, so structs, enums, tuples, arrays, generic maps, and primitive values.


GitHub description: Rusty Object Notation

GameConfig( // optional struct name
    window_size: (800, 600),
    window_title: "PAC-MAN",
    fullscreen: false,
    
    mouse_sensitivity: 1.4,
    key_bindings: {
        "up": Up,
        "down": Down,
        "left": Left,
        "right": Right,
        
        // Uncomment to enable WASD controls
        /*
        "W": Up,
        "A": Down,
        "S": Left,
        "D": Right,
        */
    },
    
    difficulty_options: (
        start_difficulty: Easy,
        adaptive: false,
    ),
)
root-format (binaryDataFormat, appeared 1994)
Origin: Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire
Country: Switzerland
Website: https://root.cern.ch/input-and-output

ROOT provides a file format that is a machine-independent compressed binary format, including both the data and its description, and provides an open-source automated tool to generate the data description (or "dictionary") when saving data, and to generate C++ classes corresponding to this description when reading back the data.