		IB
		Union Calendar No. 349
		112th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		H. R. 3541
		[Report No.
		  112–496]
		IN THE HOUSE OF
		  REPRESENTATIVES

			December 1, 2011
			Mr. Franks of Arizona
			 (for himself, Mr. Cole,
			 Mr. Huelskamp,
			 Mr. Lankford,
			 Mr. Fleming,
			 Mr. Bishop of Utah,
			 Mr. Pence,
			 Mr. Chabot,
			 Mr. Posey,
			 Mr. Graves of Georgia,
			 Mr. Gohmert,
			 Mr. Hultgren,
			 Mr. Garrett,
			 Mrs. Schmidt,
			 Mr. Brady of Texas,
			 Mr. Forbes,
			 Mr. Wilson of South Carolina,
			 Mr. Stutzman,
			 Mrs. Lummis,
			 Mr. Roe of Tennessee,
			 Mr. Neugebauer,
			 Mr. Harris,
			 Mr. Yoder,
			 Mr. Walberg,
			 Mr. Boren,
			 Mr. Bartlett,
			 Mr. Smith of Texas,
			 Mr. Lipinski,
			 Mrs. Black,
			 Mr. Boustany,
			 Mr. Westmoreland,
			 Mr. Pearce,
			 Mr. Huizenga of Michigan,
			 Mr. Ross of Florida,
			 Mr. Kinzinger of Illinois,
			 Mr. Burton of Indiana,
			 Mr. Akin, Mr. Fortenberry, Mr.
			 Jones, Mr. Duncan of
			 Tennessee, Mrs. Blackburn,
			 Mr. Crawford,
			 Mr. McCaul,
			 Mr. Broun of Georgia,
			 Mr. Manzullo,
			 Mr. McHenry,
			 Mr. Latta,
			 Mrs. Roby,
			 Mr. Scalise,
			 Mr. Farenthold,
			 Mr. McCotter,
			 Mr. Coble,
			 Mr. Miller of Florida,
			 Mr. Peterson, and
			 Mr. Smith of New Jersey) introduced
			 the following bill; which was referred to the
			 Committee on the
			 Judiciary

			May 29, 2012
			Additional sponsors: Mr.
			 Cravaack, Mr. Canseco,
			 Mr. Kelly,
			 Mr. King of Iowa,
			 Mrs. Bachmann,
			 Mr. Herger,
			 Mr. Nunnelee,
			 Mr. Poe of Texas,
			 Mr. Alexander,
			 Mr. Duffy,
			 Mr. Johnson of Ohio,
			 Mr. Duncan of South Carolina,
			 Mr. Gowdy,
			 Mr. Hall, Mr. Rokita, Mr.
			 Luetkemeyer, Mr. Kingston,
			 Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia,
			 Mr. Jordan,
			 Mr. Sam Johnson of Texas,
			 Mr. Carter,
			 Mr. Marchant,
			 Mr. Conaway,
			 Mrs. Ellmers,
			 Mr. Goodlatte,
			 Mr. Austria,
			 Mr. Griffin of Arkansas,
			 Mr. Flake,
			 Mr. Hunter,
			 Mr. Landry,
			 Mr. Sensenbrenner,
			 Mr. Gallegly,
			 Mr. Pompeo,
			 Mr. West, Mr. Stivers, Mr.
			 Olson, Mr. Schweikert,
			 Mr. Gingrey of Georgia,
			 Mr. Culberson,
			 Mr. Palazzo,
			 Mr. Benishek,
			 Mr. LoBiondo,
			 Mr. Bucshon, and
			 Mr. Gosar

			May 29, 2012
			Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of
			 the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be
			 printed
			Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert
			 the part printed in italic
			For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as
			 introduced on December 1, 2011

		A BILL
		To prohibit discrimination against the
		  unborn on the basis of sex or race, and for other
		  purposes.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act
			 (PRENDA) of 2012.
		2.Findings and
			 Constitutional authority
			(a)FindingsThe Congress makes the following
			 findings:
				(1)Sex discrimination
			 findings
					(A)Women are a vital part of American society
			 and culture and possess the same fundamental human rights and civil rights as
			 men.
					(B)United States law
			 prohibits the dissimilar treatment of males and females who are similarly
			 situated and prohibits sex discrimination in various contexts, including the
			 provision of employment, education, housing, health insurance coverage, and
			 athletics.
					(C)Sex is an immutable
			 characteristic ascertainable at the earliest stages of human development
			 through existing medical technology and procedures commonly in use, including
			 maternal-fetal bloodstream DNA sampling, amniocentesis, chorionic villus
			 sampling or CVS, and obstetric ultrasound. In addition to
			 medically assisted sex-determination, a growing sex-determination niche
			 industry has developed and is marketing low-cost commercial products, widely
			 advertised and available, that aid in the sex determination of an unborn child
			 without the aid of medical professionals. Experts have demonstrated that the
			 sex-selection industry is on the rise and predict that it will continue to be a
			 growing trend in the United States. Sex determination is always a necessary
			 step to the procurement of a sex-selection abortion.
					(D)A sex-selection
			 abortion is an abortion undertaken for purposes of eliminating an unborn
			 child of an undesired sex. Sex-selection abortion is barbaric, and described by
			 scholars and civil rights advocates as an act of sex-based or gender-based
			 violence, predicated on sex discrimination. Sex-selection abortions are
			 typically late-term abortions performed in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of
			 pregnancy, after the unborn child has developed sufficiently to feel pain.
			 Substantial medical evidence proves that an unborn child can experience pain at
			 20 weeks after conception, and perhaps substantially earlier. By definition,
			 sex-selection abortions do not implicate the health of the mother of the
			 unborn, but instead are elective procedures motivated by sex or gender
			 bias.
					(E)The targeted victims of
			 sex-selection abortions performed in the United States and worldwide are
			 overwhelmingly female. The selective abortion of females is female infanticide,
			 the intentional killing of unborn females, due to the preference for male
			 offspring or son preference. Son preference is reinforced by the
			 low value associated, by some segments of the world community, with female
			 offspring. Those segments tend to regard female offspring as financial burdens
			 to a family over their lifetime due to their perceived inability to earn or
			 provide financially for the family unit as can a male. In addition, due to
			 social and legal convention, female offspring are less likely to carry on the
			 family name. Son preference is one of the most evident
			 manifestations of sex or gender discrimination in any society, undermining
			 female equality, and fueling the elimination of females’ right to exist in
			 instances of sex-selection abortion.
					(F)Sex-selection abortions
			 are not expressly prohibited by United States law or the laws of 47 States.
			 Sex-selection abortions are performed in the United States. In a March 2008
			 report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
			 Columbia University economists Douglas Almond and Lena Edlund examined the sex
			 ratio of United States-born children and found evidence of sex
			 selection, most likely at the prenatal stage. The data revealed obvious
			 son preference in the form of unnatural sex-ratio imbalances
			 within certain segments of the United States population, primarily those
			 segments tracing their ethnic or cultural origins to countries where
			 sex-selection abortion is prevalent. The evidence strongly suggests that some
			 Americans are exercising sex-selection abortion practices within the United
			 States consistent with discriminatory practices common to their country of
			 origin, or the country to which they trace their ancestry. While sex-selection
			 abortions are more common outside the United States, the evidence reveals that
			 female feticide is also occurring in the United States.
					(G)The American public
			 supports a prohibition of sex-selection abortion. In a March 2006 Zogby
			 International poll, 86 percent of Americans agreed that sex-selection abortion
			 should be illegal, yet only 3 States proscribe sex-selection abortion.
					(H)Despite the failure of
			 the United States to proscribe sex-selection abortion, the United States
			 Congress has expressed repeatedly, through Congressional resolution, strong
			 condemnation of policies promoting sex-selection abortion in the
			 Communist Government of China. Likewise, at the 2007 United
			 Nation’s Annual Meeting of the Commission on the Status of Women, 51st Session,
			 the United States delegation spearheaded a resolution calling on countries to
			 condemn sex-selective abortion, a policy directly contradictory to the
			 permissiveness of current United States law, which places no restriction on the
			 practice of sex-selection abortion. The United Nations Commission on the Status
			 of Women has urged governments of all nations to take necessary measures
			 to prevent … prenatal sex selection.
					(I)A 1990 report by Harvard
			 University economist Amartya Sen, estimated that more than 100 million women
			 were demographically missing from the world as early as 1990 due
			 to sexist practices, including sex-selection abortion. Many experts believe
			 sex-selection abortion is the primary cause. Current estimates of women missing
			 from the world range in the hundreds of millions.
					(J)Countries with
			 longstanding experience with sex-selection abortion—such as the Republic of
			 India, the United Kingdom, and the People’s Republic of China—have enacted
			 restrictions on sex-selection, and have steadily continued to strengthen
			 prohibitions and penalties. The United States, by contrast, has no law in place
			 to restrict sex-selection abortion, establishing the United States as affording
			 less protection from sex-based feticide than the Republic of India or the
			 People’s Republic of China, whose recent practices of sex-selection abortion
			 were vehemently and repeatedly condemned by United States congressional
			 resolutions and by the United States Ambassador to the Commission on the Status
			 of Women. Public statements from within the medical community reveal that
			 citizens of other countries come to the United States for sex-selection
			 procedures that would be criminal in their country of origin. Because the
			 United States permits abortion on the basis of sex, the United States may
			 effectively function as a safe haven for those who seek to have
			 American physicians do what would otherwise be criminal in their home
			 countries—a sex-selection abortion, most likely late-term.
					(K)The American medical
			 community opposes sex-selection. The American Congress of Obstetricians and
			 Gynecologists, commonly known as ACOG, stated in its 2007 Ethics
			 Committee Opinion, Number 360, that sex-selection is inappropriate because it
			 ultimately supports sexist practices. The American Society of
			 Reproductive Medicine ( commonly known as ASRM ) 2004 Ethics
			 Committee Opinion on sex-selection notes that central to the controversy of
			 sex-selection is the potential for inherent gender
			 discrimination, …the risk of psychological harm to sex-selected
			 offspring (i.e., by placing on them expectations that are too high),…
			 and reinforcement of gender bias in society as a whole. Embryo
			 sex-selection, ASRM notes, remains vulnerable to the judgment that no
			 matter what its basis, [the method] identifies gender as a reason to value one
			 person over another, and it supports socially constructed stereotypes of what
			 gender means. In doing so, it not only reinforces possibilities
			 of unfair discrimination, but may trivialize human reproduction by making it
			 depend on the selection of nonessential features of offspring. The ASRM
			 ethics opinion continues, ongoing problems with the status of women in
			 the United States make it necessary to take account of concerns for the impact
			 of sex-selection on goals of gender equality. The American Association
			 of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists, an organization with hundreds of
			 members - many of whom are former abortionists - makes the following
			 declaration: Sex selection abortions are more graphic examples of the
			 damage that abortion inflicts on women. In addition to increasing premature
			 labor in subsequent pregnancies, increasing suicide and major depression, and
			 increasing the risk of breast cancer in teens who abort their first pregnancy
			 and delay childbearing, sex selection abortions are often targeted at fetuses
			 simply because the fetus is female. As physicians who care for both the mother
			 and her unborn child, the American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and
			 Gynecologists vigorously opposes aborting fetuses because of their
			 gender. The President’s Council on Bioethics published a Working Paper
			 stating the council’s belief that society’s respect for reproductive freedom
			 does not prohibit the regulation or prohibition of sex control,
			 defined as the use of various medical technologies to choose the sex of one’s
			 child. The publication expresses concern that sex control might lead to
			 …dehumanization and a new eugenics.
					(L)Sex-selection abortion
			 results in an unnatural sex-ratio imbalance. An unnatural sex-ratio imbalance
			 is undesirable, due to the inability of the numerically predominant sex to find
			 mates. Experts worldwide document that a significant sex-ratio imbalance in
			 which males numerically predominate can be a cause of increased violence and
			 militancy within a society. Likewise, an unnatural sex-ratio imbalance gives
			 rise to the commoditization of humans in the form of human trafficking, and a
			 consequent increase in kidnapping and other violent crime.
					(M)Sex-selection abortions
			 have the effect of diminishing the representation of women in the American
			 population, and therefore, the American electorate.
					(N)Sex-selection abortion
			 reinforces sex discrimination and has no place in a civilized society.
					(2)Racial discrimination
			 findings
					(A)Minorities are a vital
			 part of American society and culture and possess the same fundamental human
			 rights and civil rights as the majority.
					(B)United States law
			 prohibits the dissimilar treatment of persons of different races who are
			 similarly situated. United States law prohibits discrimination on the basis of
			 race in various contexts, including the provision of employment, education,
			 housing, health insurance coverage, and athletics.
					(C)A race-selection
			 abortion is an abortion performed for purposes of eliminating an unborn
			 child because the child or a parent of the child is of an undesired race.
			 Race-selection abortion is barbaric, and described by civil rights advocates as
			 an act of race-based violence, predicated on race discrimination. By
			 definition, race-selection abortions do not implicate the health of mother of
			 the unborn, but instead are elective procedures motivated by race bias.
					(D)Only one State, Arizona,
			 has enacted law to proscribe the performance of race-selection
			 abortions.
					(E)Race-selection abortions
			 have the effect of diminishing the number of minorities in the American
			 population and therefore, the American electorate.
					(F)Race-selection abortion
			 reinforces racial discrimination and has no place in a civilized
			 society.
					(3)General
			 findings
					(A)The history of the United
			 States includes examples of both sex discrimination and race discrimination.
			 The people of the United States ultimately responded in the strongest possible
			 legal terms by enacting constitutional amendments correcting elements of such
			 discrimination. Women, once subjected to sex discrimination that denied them
			 the right to vote, now have suffrage guaranteed by the 19th amendment.
			 African-Americans, once subjected to race discrimination through slavery that
			 denied them equal protection of the laws, now have that right guaranteed by the
			 14th amendment. The elimination of discriminatory practices has been and is
			 among the highest priorities and greatest achievements of American
			 history.
					(B)Implicitly approving the
			 discriminatory practices of sex-selection abortion and race-selection abortion
			 by choosing not to prohibit them will reinforce these inherently discriminatory
			 practices, and evidence a failure to protect a segment of certain unborn
			 Americans because those unborn are of a sex or racial makeup that is
			 disfavored. Sex-selection and race-selection abortions trivialize the value of
			 the unborn on the basis of sex or race, reinforcing sex and race
			 discrimination, and coarsening society to the humanity of all vulnerable and
			 innocent human life, making it increasingly difficult to protect such life.
			 Thus, Congress has a compelling interest in acting—indeed it must act—to
			 prohibit sex-selection abortion and race-selection abortion.
					(b)Constitutional
			 authorityIn accordance with the above findings, Congress enacts
			 the following pursuant to Congress’ power under—
				(1)the Commerce
			 Clause;
				(2)section 2 of the 13th
			 amendment;
				(3)section 5 of the 14th
			 amendment, including the power to enforce the prohibition on government action
			 denying equal protection of the laws; and
				(4)section 8 of article I to
			 make all laws necessary and proper for the carrying into execution of powers
			 vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States.
				3.Discrimination against
			 the unborn on the basis of race or sex
			(a)In
			 generalChapter 13 of title
			 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

					250.Discrimination against
				the unborn on the basis of race or sex
						(a)In
				generalWhoever knowingly—
							(1)performs an abortion
				knowing that such abortion is sought based on the sex, gender, color or race of
				the child, or the race of a parent of that child;
							(2)uses force or the threat
				of force to intentionally injure or intimidate any person for the purpose of
				coercing a sex-selection or race-selection abortion;
							(3)solicits or accepts funds
				for the performance of a sex-selection abortion or a race-selection abortion;
				or
							(4)transports a woman into
				the United States or across a State line for the purpose of obtaining a
				sex-selection abortion or race-selection abortion;
							or
				attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than
				5 years, or both.(b)Civil remedies
							(1)Civil action by woman
				on whom abortion is performedA woman upon whom an abortion has been
				performed pursuant to a violation of subsection (a)(2) may in a civil action
				against any person who engaged in a violation of subsection (a) obtain
				appropriate relief.
							(2)Civil action by
				relativesThe father of an unborn child who is the subject of an
				abortion performed or attempted in violation of subsection (a), or a maternal
				grandparent of the unborn child if the pregnant woman is an unemancipated
				minor, may in a civil action against any person who engaged in the violation,
				obtain appropriate relief, unless the pregnancy resulted from the plaintiff’s
				criminal conduct or the plaintiff consented to the abortion.
							(3)Appropriate
				reliefAppropriate relief in a civil action under this subsection
				includes—
								(A)objectively verifiable money damages for
				all injuries, psychological and physical, including loss of companionship and
				support, occasioned by the violation of this section; and
								(B)punitive damages.
								(4)Injunctive
				relief
								(A)In
				generalA qualified plaintiff may in a civil action obtain
				injunctive relief to prevent an abortion provider from performing or attempting
				further abortions in violation of this section.
								(B)DefinitionIn
				this paragraph the term qualified plaintiff means—
									(i)a woman upon whom an
				abortion is performed or attempted in violation of this section;
									(ii)any person who is the spouse or parent of a
				woman upon whom an abortion is performed in violation of this section;
				or
									(iii)the Attorney
				General.
									(5)Attorneys fees for
				plaintiffThe court shall award a reasonable attorney's fee as
				part of the costs to a prevailing plaintiff in a civil action under this
				subsection.
							(c)Loss of Federal
				FundingA violation of subsection (a) shall be deemed for the
				purposes of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to be discrimination
				prohibited by section 601 of that Act.
						(d)Reporting
				requirementA physician, physician’s assistant, nurse, counselor,
				or other medical or mental health professional shall report known or suspected
				violations of any of this section to appropriate law enforcement authorities.
				Whoever violates this requirement shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
				not more than 1 year, or both.
						(e)Expedited
				considerationIt shall be the duty of the United States district
				courts, United States courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court of the United
				States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent
				the disposition of any matter brought under this section.
						(f)ExceptionA woman upon whom a sex-selection or
				race-selection abortion is performed may not be prosecuted or held civilly
				liable for any violation of this section, or for a conspiracy to violate this
				section.
						(g)Protection of privacy
				in court proceedings
							(1)In
				generalExcept to the extent the Constitution or other similarly
				compelling reason requires, in every civil or criminal action under this
				section, the court shall make such orders as are necessary to protect the
				anonymity of any woman upon whom an abortion has been performed or attempted if
				she does not give her written consent to such disclosure. Such orders may be
				made upon motion, but shall be made sua sponte if not otherwise sought by a
				party.
							(2)Orders to parties,
				witnesses, and counselThe court shall issue appropriate orders
				under paragraph (1) to the parties, witnesses, and counsel and shall direct the
				sealing of the record and exclusion of individuals from courtrooms or hearing
				rooms to the extent necessary to safeguard her identity from public disclosure.
				Each such order shall be accompanied by specific written findings explaining
				why the anonymity of the woman must be preserved from public disclosure, why
				the order is essential to that end, how the order is narrowly tailored to serve
				that interest, and why no reasonable less restrictive alternative
				exists.
							(3)Pseudonym
				requiredIn the absence of written consent of the woman upon whom
				an abortion has been performed or attempted, any party, other than a public
				official, who brings an action under this section shall do so under a
				pseudonym.
							(4)LimitationThis
				subsection shall not be construed to conceal the identity of the plaintiff or
				of witnesses from the defendant or from attorneys for the defendant.
							(h)DefinitionThe
				term abortion means the act of using or prescribing any
				instrument, medicine, drug, or any other substance, device, or means with the
				intent to terminate the clinically diagnosable pregnancy of a woman, with
				knowledge that the termination by those means will with reasonable likelihood
				cause the death of the unborn child, unless the act is done with the intent
				to—
							(1)save the life or preserve
				the health of the unborn child;
							(2)remove a dead unborn
				child caused by spontaneous abortion; or
							(3)remove an ectopic
				pregnancy.
							.
			(b)Clerical
			 amendmentThe table of sections at the beginning of chapter 13 of
			 title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating to
			 section 249 the following new item:

						250. Discrimination against the unborn on the
				basis of race or
				sex.

					.
			4.SeverabilityIf any portion of this Act or the
			 application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such
			 invalidity shall not affect the portions or applications of this Act which can
			 be given effect without the invalid portion or application.

		May 29, 2012
		Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of
		  the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be
		  printed


		I
		111th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		H. R. 6505
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			December 8, 2010
			Mr. Al Green of Texas
			 (for himself, Ms. Jackson Lee of
			 Texas, Mr. Rush,
			 Mr. Towns,
			 Mr. Meeks of New York,
			 Mr. Hastings of Florida,
			 Mr. Gene Green of Texas,
			 Ms. Schakowsky, and
			 Mr. Conyers) introduced the following
			 bill; which was referred to the Committee
			 on the Judiciary

		A BILL
		To designate Pakistan under section 244 of the
		  Immigration and Nationality Act to permit nationals of Pakistan to be eligible
		  for temporary protected status under such section.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Pakistani Temporary Protected Status
			 Act of 2010.
		2.FindingsThe Congress finds the following:
			(1)The summer of 2010
			 produced Pakistan’s worst flooding in 80 years.
			(2)The 2010 Pakistani
			 floods began in July 2010 following heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber
			 Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan regions of Pakistan and affected
			 the Indus River basin. Flooding began on July 22, 2010, in the province of
			 Baluchistan.
			(3)According to the
			 United Nations, 20,000,000 people, one-eighth of the population, and nearly
			 62,000 square miles, one-fifth of the country, have been significantly affected
			 by destruction of property, livelihood, and infrastructure.
			(4)The Pakistani
			 Government reports that the floods have affected 82 of Pakistan’s 122
			 districts. As a result, more than 12 million people require humanitarian
			 assistance, with nearly 6 million victims lacking access to food, shelter, and
			 water.
			(5)The Pakistani
			 Government estimates that approximately 1.9 million houses were either damaged
			 or destroyed and nearly 2,000 people have lost their lives.
			(6)Over 60,000 troops
			 are involved in Pakistan’s flood relief operations.
			(7)The floods
			 severely devastated Pakistan’s infrastructure including roads, bridges,
			 schools, health clinics, electricity, and communications. More than 5,000 miles
			 of roads and railways were washed away, along with some 7,000 schools and more
			 than 400 health facilities.
			(8)In addition, about
			 17 million acres of Pakistan’s most fertile croplands have been submerged by
			 the floods, in a nation where farming is an economic mainstay. The waters have
			 also killed more than 200,000 head of livestock, and washed away large
			 quantities of stored commodities that feed millions throughout the year.
			(9)On August 14,
			 2010, the first documented case of cholera emerged in the town of
			 Mingora.
			(10)On September 7,
			 2010, the International Labour Organization reported that more than 5.3 million
			 jobs have been lost due to the floods.
			(11)Concerns are
			 growing about the enduring toll of the disaster on Pakistan’s overall economy,
			 food supply, and political stability.
			(12)Temporary
			 protected status allows aliens who do not legally qualify as refugees but are
			 nonetheless fleeing or reluctant to return to potentially dangerous situations
			 to temporarily remain in the United States.
			(13)Granting
			 temporary protected status to nationals of Pakistan is consistent with the
			 interests of the United States and promotes the values and morals that have
			 made the United States strong.
			3.Sense of
			 CongressIt is the sense of
			 the Congress that the extraordinary and temporary conditions caused by flooding
			 in Pakistan qualifies Pakistan for designation under subparagraph (B) or (C) of
			 section 244(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
			 1254a(b)(1)), pursuant to which nationals of Pakistan would be eligible for
			 temporary protected status in the United States.
		4.Designation for
			 purposes of granting temporary protected status
			(a)Designation
				(1)In
			 generalFor purposes of section 244 of the Immigration and
			 Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1254a), Pakistan shall be treated as if it had been
			 designated under subsection (b) of such section, subject to the provisions of
			 this section.
				(2)Period of
			 designationThe initial period of such designation shall begin on
			 the date of the enactment of this Act and shall remain in effect for 12
			 months.
				(b)Aliens
			 eligibleIn applying section 244 of such Act pursuant to the
			 designation made under this section, subject to section 244(c)(3) of such Act,
			 an alien who is a national of Pakistan is deemed to satisfy the requirements of
			 section 244(c)(1) of such Act only if the alien—
				(1)has been
			 continuously physically present in the United States since July 22,
			 2010;
				(2)is admissible as
			 an immigrant, except as otherwise provided under section 244(c)(2)(A) of such
			 Act, and is not ineligible for temporary protected status under section
			 244(c)(2)(B) of such Act; and
				(3)registers for
			 temporary protected status in a manner that the Secretary of Homeland Security
			 shall establish.
				(c)Consent To
			 travel abroadThe Secretary of Homeland Security shall give the
			 prior consent to travel abroad described in section 244(f)(3) of such Act to an
			 alien who is granted temporary protected status pursuant to the designation
			 made under this section, if the alien establishes to the satisfaction of the
			 Secretary of Homeland Security that emergency and extenuating circumstances
			 beyond the control of the alien require the alien to depart for a brief,
			 temporary trip abroad. An alien returning to the United States in accordance
			 with such an authorization shall be treated the same as any other returning
			 alien provided temporary protected status under section 244 of such Act.


116 HR 1604 IH: White House Security Clearance Accountability Act
U.S. House of Representatives
2019-03-07
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

I116th CONGRESS1st SessionH. R. 1604IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESMarch 7, 2019Ms. Wasserman Schultz (for herself, Ms. Velázquez, Mr. Cohen, Mr. Hastings, Mr. Cicilline, Mr. Pocan, Mr. Ted Lieu of California, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, and Mr. Espaillat) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and ReformA BILLTo amend title 5, United States Code, to deny security clearances to any employee of the Executive
			 Office of the President who is under investigation by a Federal law
			 enforcement agency for aiding a foreign government or who fails to
			 disclose contacts with foreign nationals on Standard Form 86, and for
			 other purposes.

 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the White House Security Clearance Accountability Act. 2.Limitation on security clearances for certain Executive Office of the President employees (a)In generalSection 3110 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

					(f)
 (1)A security clearance— (A)granted to any covered individual before the date of enactment of this subsection is hereby revoked; and
 (B)may not be granted or renewed for any covered individual after such date. (2)In this subsection, the term covered individual means any individual occupying a position in the Executive Office of the President—
 (A)who is under investigation by a Federal law enforcement agency for aiding a foreign government; or (B)who knowingly fails, or knowingly failed, to disclose (on Standard Form 86 or any successor form), to the extent such form requires such disclosure, any relationship or contact with a foreign national..
 (b)GAO reportNot later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Committee on Oversight and Reform and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs describing any instance during the period beginning on January 20, 2017, and ending on the date of enactment of this Act in which an individual occupying a position in the Executive Office of the President was granted a security clearance despite an unfavorable recommendation from the White House Security Office, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or any other Federal agency. Such report shall include the name and position of any such individual and the date the decision was made to grant the clearance.


		I
		111th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		H. R. 3802
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			October 13, 2009
			Mr. Shadegg
			 introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
			 Committee on Ways and
			 Means

		A BILL
		To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to remove cell
		  phones from the limitation on depreciation when used for personal purposes, and
		  for other purposes.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Wireless Freedom
			 Act.
		2.Statement of
			 Constitutional AuthorityCongress enacts this Act pursuant to its
			 authority under clause 1 of section 8 of article I of the Constitution.
		3.Removal of cell
			 phones from the limitation on depreciation when used for personal
			 purposes
			(a)In
			 generalSubparagraph (A) of
			 section 280F(d)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting
			 and at the end of clause (iv), by striking clause (v), and by
			 redesignating clause (vi) as clause (v).
			(b)Effective
			 dateThe amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply to
			 property placed in service after December 31, 2008.
			4.Wireless devices
			 provided by employer
			(a)In
			 generalSubsection (e) of
			 section 132 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the
			 end the following new paragraph:

					(3)Treatment of
				wireless devicesThe
				provision of any wireless device by an employer to enable an employee to access
				and use electronic mail, the Internet, or a commercial mobile service (as such
				term is defined in section 332(d) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C.
				332(d))) shall be treated as a de minimis
				fringe.
					.
			(b)Effective
			 dateThe amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to property
			 provided after December 31, 2008.


		IV
		112th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		H. RES. 762
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			August 2, 2012
			Mr. Bartlett (for
			 himself, Mr. Franks of Arizona,
			 Ms. Clarke of New York, and
			 Mr. Johnson of Georgia) submitted the
			 following resolution; which was referred to the
			 Committee on Transportation and
			 Infrastructure

		RESOLUTION
		Expressing the sense of the House of
		  Representatives regarding community-based civil defense and power
		  generation.

		Whereas the United States has become increasingly more
			 dependent on electronic delivery systems to power daily needs and provide for
			 the common defense;
		Whereas these systems would be rendered useless or their
			 functions significantly reduced in the event of a high impact
			 low-frequency event such as a cyber attack, coordinated physical attack
			 on electric grid and communications assets, or the electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
			 effects of either a 100-year solar storm or high-altitude nuclear burst;
		Whereas the 2010 North American Electric
			 Reliability Corporation (NERC) report, High-Impact Low-Frequency
			 Vulnerabilities to the Bulk American Power System, discusses the wide
			 range of threats that could disrupt, damage, or destroy sufficient amounts of
			 the power grids to cause widespread death and economic disruption;
		Whereas the January 2010 Federal Energy
			 Regulatory Commission (FERC) report, Electromagnetic Pulse: Effects on
			 the U.S. Power Grid, provides detail into the vulnerability of power
			 grids from the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects of extreme space weather and
			 high-altitude nuclear effects and intentional electromagnetic
			 interference;
		Whereas the Congressional EMP Commission reports of 2004
			 and 2008 outline the interdependent nature of all critical infrastructure,
			 especially to power and telecommunications and their vulnerability to the EMP
			 effects of extreme space weather and high-altitude nuclear bursts;
		Whereas the National Defense University hosted a series of
			 workshops and an energy security exercise in October 2011 with broad
			 participation of Federal, State, local government, and the private sector
			 highlighting the need for greater local sustainability in light of a prolonged
			 nationwide power loss;
		Whereas the Hoover-Brookings joint report on distributed
			 power shows that the value of local power generation for security applications
			 is either cost competitive or approaching competitiveness as new innovations
			 come to market;
		Whereas, on March 30, 2012, the United States Department
			 of Homeland Security published the National Preparedness Report
			 (Report) seeking to create an all-of-nation approach to
			 preparedness;
		Whereas the Federal Emergency Management
			 Agency (FEMA) was assigned as the National Preparedness Report Coordinator,
			 Efforts to improve national preparedness have incorporated the whole
			 community, which includes individuals, communities, the private and nonprofit
			 sectors, faith-based organizations, and Federal, State, local, tribal, and
			 territorial governments.;
		Whereas the National Preparedness Report
			 focuses on a catastrophic planning framework known as Maximums of
			 Maximums, which centers on collaborative, whole community planning for
			 worst-case scenarios that exceed government capabilities and therefore focus on
			 more local and individual efforts for survival and recovery;
		Whereas these high-impact, low-frequency events would
			 cause regional or nationwide collapse of critical infrastructure that could
			 last months or longer, it is incumbent on the Federal Government to reassess
			 its civilian civil defense strategies to include local governments and
			 individual citizens; and
		Whereas it is in the interest of national security and
			 local community viability that every community and institution begin to
			 reestablish its ability to generate at least 20 percent of its own power for
			 its critical infrastructure and services in order to provide its citizens with
			 food and water: Now, therefore, be it

		That the House of
			 Representatives—
			(1)encourages every community to develop its
			 own civil defense program working with citizens, leaders, and
			 institutions ranging from local fire halls, schools, and faith-based
			 organizations, to create sustainable local infrastructure and planning capacity
			 so that it might mitigate high-impact scenarios and be better prepared to
			 survive and recover from these worst-case disaster scenarios and be better able
			 to affordably and sustainably meet the needs of the community in times of peace
			 and tranquility;
			(2)encourages every citizen to develop an
			 individual emergency plan to prepare for the absence of government assistance
			 for extended periods;
			(3)encourages each local community to foster
			 the capability of providing at least 20 percent of its own critical needs such
			 as local power generation, food, and water, while protecting local
			 infrastructure whenever possible from the threats that threaten centralized
			 infrastructure, and do so with the urgency and importance inherent in an
			 all-of-nation civil defense program developed by citizens and their local
			 communities; and
			(4)encourages State governments and Federal
			 agencies to support the ability of local communities to become stronger,
			 self-reliant, and better able to assist neighboring communities in times of
			 great need.


115 HR 2069 RH: Fostering Stable Housing Opportunities Act of 2018
U.S. House of Representatives
2017-04-06
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

IB
Union Calendar No. 800
115th CONGRESS2d Session
H. R. 2069
[Report No. 115–1023]
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

April 6, 2017
Mr. Turner (for himself, Mr. Kildee, Mr. Langevin, Mr. Marino, Mr. Hill, Ms. Moore, and Ms. Bass) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial Services

November 14, 2018
Additional sponsors: Mr. Stivers, Mr. Cicilline, Mr. Cole, Mr. Knight, Mr. Evans, Mrs. Comstock, Mr. Faso, Mr. Meeks, Mr. MacArthur, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Peters, Mr. Renacci, Mr. Upton, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Carson of Indiana, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Denham, Mr. Brady of Pennsylvania, Mr. Johnson of Ohio, Mr. Fitzpatrick, Mr. Rodney Davis of Illinois, Ms. Wilson of Florida, Ms. Jackson Lee, Mr. Smucker, and Mrs. Mimi Walters of California
Deleted sponsors: Mr. Kildee (added April 6, 2017; deleted July 23, 2018), Mr. Langevin (added April 6, 2017; deleted July 25, 2018), Mr. Hastings (added June 13, 2017; deleted July 24, 2018), Mr. Danny K. Davis of Illinois (added July 11, 2017; deleted July 23, 2018), Mr. Raskin (added July 26, 2017; deleted June 26, 2018), Mr. Khanna (added October 12, 2017; deleted June 27, 2018), Mrs. Dingell (added February 8, 2018; deleted July 23, 2018), Mr. Lowenthal (added April 11, 2018; deleted July 23, 2018), Ms. Jayapal (added April 16, 2018; deleted June 26, 2018), and Ms. Norton (added May 9, 2018; deleted July 23, 2018)

November 14, 2018
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed
Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic
For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on April 6, 2017

A BILL
To provide priority under certain federally assisted housing programs to assist youths who are aging out of foster care, and for other purposes.

1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Fostering Stable Housing Opportunities Act of 2018.  2.Definition of familySubparagraph (A) of section 3(b)(3) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)(3)(A)) is amended—
(1)in the first sentence— (A)by striking (v) and inserting (vi); and
(B)by inserting after tenant family, the following: (v) a child who is in foster care and has attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months,; and  (2)in the second sentence, by inserting or (vi) after clause (v).
3.Priority for public housing occupancy and section 8 assistance
(a)Public housingSubparagraph (A) of section 6(c)(4) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437d(c)(4)(A)) is amended— (1)by striking may establish a system for making dwelling units available that provides preference and inserting the following:
 shall establish a system for making dwelling units available that— (i)shall provide preferences;
(2)by striking each system of preferences established pursuant to this subparagraph shall be based and inserting the following:  (ii)except as provided in clause (iii), shall be based;
(3)by adding at the end the following new clause:  (iii)except for projects or portions of projects designated for occupancy pursuant to section 7(a), shall provide that the highest preference for occupancy shall be given to otherwise eligible children who are in foster care, have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months, meet the requirements under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the definition of at risk of homelessness in section 91.5 of the Secretary’s regulations (24 C.F.R. 91.5), as in effect on September 1, 2016, and have agreed to comply with the requirements under section 39(c); and
(iv)may provide highest preference for occupancy to, in addition to eligible children described in clause (iii), not more than two other types of families..  (b)Voucher assistanceSubparagraph (A) of section 8(o)(6) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)(6)(A)) is amended—
(1)in clause (i), by striking may the first place such term appears and inserting shall;  (2)by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
(3)by inserting before clause (iii), as so redesignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the following new clause:  (ii)Highest preferenceEach system of preferences established pursuant to this subparagraph—
(I)shall provide that the highest preference for assistance shall be given to otherwise eligible children who are in foster care, have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months, meet the requirements under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the definition of at risk of homelessness in section 91.5 of the Secretary’s regulations (24 C.F.R. 91.5), as in effect on September 1, 2016, and have agreed to comply with the requirements under section 39(c); and  (II)may provide highest preference for assistance to, in addition to eligible children described in subclause (I), not more than two other types of eligible families.; and
(4)in clause (iii), as so redesignated by paragraph (2) of this subsection, by striking Each system and inserting Except as provided in clause (ii)(I), each system.  (c)PHA project-based voucher assistanceSubparagraph (J) of section 8(o)(13) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)(13)(J)) is amended—
(1)by striking (J) Tenant selection.—A public and inserting the following:  (J)Tenant selection (i)Selection and eligibilityA public;
(2)by striking The agency or owner may establish preferences or criteria for selection for a unit assisted under this paragraph that and inserting the following:  (ii)Preferences for occupancyThe agency or owner shall establish a system of preferences or criteria for selection for a unit assisted under this section that—
(I)shall provide that the highest preference shall be given to otherwise eligible children who are in foster care, have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months, meet the requirements under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the definition of at risk of homelessness in section 91.5 of the Secretary’s regulations (24 C.F.R. 91.5), as in effect on September 1, 2016, and have agreed to comply with the requirements under section 39(c); and  (II)may provide highest preference to, in addition to eligible children described in subclause (I), not more than two other types of eligible families; and
(III)except as provided under subclause (I),; and  (3)by striking Any family that and inserting the following:

(iii)Waiting listsAny family that.  (d)Project-based section 8 rental assistanceSubparagraph (A) of section 8(d)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(d)(1)(A)) is amended—
(1)by realigning such subparagraph so as to be indented 2 ems from the left margin;  (2)by striking except that with respect and inserting the following:
 except that— (i)with respect to assisted dwelling units in a project assisted with project-based assistance under this section, the tenant selection criteria used by the owner—
(I)shall provide that the highest preference shall be given to otherwise eligible children who are in foster care, have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months, meet the requirements under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the definition of at risk of homelessness in section 91.5 of the Secretary’s regulations (24 C.F.R. 91.5), as in effect on September 1, 2016, and have agreed to comply with the requirements under section 39(c); and  (II)may provide highest preference to, in addition to eligible children described in subclause (I), not more than two other types of eligible families; and
(ii)with respect; and  (3)by inserting who are not eligible for highest preference pursuant to clause (i)(I) after to be assisted.
(e)Terms and conditions on priorityTitle I of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:  39.Terms and conditions on preference for assistance for children aging out of foster care (a)PreferenceFor purposes of this section, the term preference for housing assistance means preference, for an otherwise eligible child in foster care, for—
(1)occupancy in a public housing dwelling unit, pursuant to section 6(c)(4)(A)(iii);  (2)tenant-based assistance under section 8(o), pursuant to paragraph (6)(A)(ii)(I) of such section;
(3)project-based assistance under section 8(o)(13), pursuant to subparagraph (J)(ii)(I) of such section; and  (4)occupancy in a dwelling unit in a project assisted with project-based assistance under section 8, pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(A)(i)(I) of such section.
(b)Early application for assistanceNotwithstanding the period during which a preference for housing assistance is provided for a person, an otherwise eligible person may apply for such occupancy or assistance at any time after such person attains 16 years of age.  (c)Requirement for education or training (1)RequirementExcept as provided in paragraph (2), each person occupying a dwelling unit pursuant to a preference for housing assistance shall, not later than 30 months after such initial occupancy, comply with the requirements under one of the following subparagraphs, as selected by the public housing agency for or project owner of the assisted housing dwelling unit involved, in consultation with relevant public child welfare agencies:
(A)Option 1The requirements under this subparagraph are— (i)obtaining a recognized postsecondary credential or a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent;
(ii)enrollment in an institution of higher education, as such term is defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)) and including the institutions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 102(a)(1) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1002(a)(1)); or  (iii)participation in a career pathway, as such term is defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102). Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, a public housing agency or project owner may consider employment as satisfying the requirements under this subparagraph.
(B)Option 2The requirements under this subparagraph are compliance with the terms and conditions applicable under section 23 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437u) and the regulations implementing such section to a person participating in a family self-sufficiency program under such section, except that— (i)a public housing agency may select the option under this subparagraph only if the agency is participating in such self-sufficiency program or has made such commitments to commence participation as the Secretary considers sufficient; and
(ii)a project owner of assisted housing may select the option under this subparagraph only if the public housing agency in whose jurisdiction the project is located is participating in such self-sufficiency program or has made such commitments to commence participation as the Secretary considers sufficient.  (C)Option 3The requirements under this subparagraph are compliance with any combination of the terms, conditions, and requirements under subparagraphs (A) and (B), as may be established by the public housing agency, except that a project owner of assisted housing may select the option under this subparagraph only if the public housing agency in whose jurisdiction the project is located has selected the option under this subparagraph and has established such terms, conditions, and requirements. In designing such terms, conditions, and requirements, the public housing agency may consult with local workforce development agencies and other organizations and entities with expertise and experience in this field.
(2)ExceptionsThe requirement under paragraph (1) shall not apply to— (A)a parent or other household member responsible for the care of a dependent child under the age of 6 or for the care of an incapacitated person;
(B)a person who is regularly and actively participating in a drug addiction or alcohol treatment and rehabilitation program; and  (C)a person who is incapable of complying with the requirement under paragraph (1) due to a documented medical condition.
(3)Verification of complianceThe Secretary shall require the public housing agency or project owner, as applicable, to verify compliance with the requirement under paragraph (1) by each person occupying a dwelling unit assisted or administered by such agency or owner, as applicable, pursuant to a preference for housing assistance annually in conjunction with reviews of income for purposes of determining eligibility for assistance described in subsection (a).  (d)Limitation on bedroomsA dwelling unit that is occupied by a person, or assisted with assistance made available on behalf of a person, pursuant to a preference for housing assistance may contain more than one bedroom only if such additional bedrooms are occupied only by other persons who occupy such dwelling unit, or receive assistance made available, pursuant to a preference for housing assistance.
(e)Supportive services
(1)EligibilityEach person occupying a dwelling unit pursuant to a preference for housing assistance shall be eligible for any supportive services (as such term is defined in section 103 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102)) made available, in connection with any housing assistance program of the agency, by or through the public housing agency providing such preference or, in the case of a preference for housing assistance for housing not assisted by such agency, by or through the public housing agency in whose jurisdiction the housing is located, including any services provided under a family self-sufficiency program under section 23 of this Act.  (2)InformationUpon the initial provision of housing assistance for any person pursuant to a preference for such assistance, the public housing agency or owner, as applicable, shall inform such person of the existence of any programs or services referred to in paragraph (1) and of their eligibility for such programs and services.
(f)Termination of assistanceThe public housing agency or project owner, as applicable, shall terminate any occupancy of, or assistance on behalf of, a person pursuant to any preference for housing assistance upon the person attaining 25 years of age or upon substantial noncompliance with the requirement under subsection (c), except that nothing in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the occupancy of housing assisted under this title by, or the provision of rental assistance under section 8 for, any person, or to affect the eligibility of any person for such occupancy or assistance, other than pursuant to a preference for housing assistance.  (g)Applicability to Moving to Work agenciesNotwithstanding any other provision of law, the preferences for housing assistance identified in subsection (a) of this section shall apply to assistance made available by each public housing agency participating in the Moving to Work Program under section 204 of the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996 (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), except that in lieu of compliance with one of the options under subsection (c)(1) of this section, such an agency may comply with the requirement under such subsection by complying with such terms, conditions, and requirements as may be established by the agency for persons occupying dwelling units pursuant to a preference for housing assistance.
(h)ReportsThe Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall require each public housing agency that provides any preference for housing assistance pursuant to this section in any fiscal year to submit a report to the Secretary for such fiscal year that— (1)specifies the number of applications for such preferences received during such fiscal year disaggregated by—
(A)the number received by persons who have attained 16 years of age but have not attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months; and  (B)the number received by persons who have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months;
(2)specifies the number of persons provided a preference for housing assistance during such fiscal year; and  (3)describes how the public housing agency communicated or collaborated with public child welfare agencies to collect such data..
4.Priority for rural rental assistanceParagraph (2) of section 521(a) of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490a(a)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:  (F) (i)In making occupancy in a project assisted under this paragraph, and rental assistance under this paragraph, available on behalf of eligible families, the project owner—
(I)shall provide that the highest preference shall be given to otherwise eligible children who— (aa)are in foster care;
(bb)have attained an age such that the provision of foster care for such child will end by reason of the age of the child within 6 months;  (cc)meet the requirements under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the definition of at risk of homelessness in section 91.5 of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development’s regulations (24 C.F.R. 91.5), as in effect on September 1, 2016; and
(dd)have agreed to comply with the requirements under clause (iii); and  (II)may provide highest preference to, in addition to eligible children described in subclause (I), not more than two other types of eligible families.
(ii)Notwithstanding the period during which a preference pursuant to clause (i)(I) for occupancy in project assisted under this paragraph or for rental assistance under this paragraph is provided for a person, an otherwise eligible person may apply for such occupancy or assistance at any time after the person attains 16 years of age.  (iii) (I)Except as provided in subclause (II), each person occupying a dwelling unit pursuant to a preference under clause (i)(I) shall, not later than 30 months after such initial occupancy, be—
(aa)obtaining a recognized postsecondary credential or a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent;  (bb)enrolled in an institution of higher education, as such term is defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)) and including the institutions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 102(a)(1) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1002(a)(1)); or
(cc)participating in a career pathway, as such term is defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102). Notwithstanding any other provision of this subclause, a project owner may consider employment as satisfying the requirements under this subclause. (II)The requirement under subclause (I) shall not apply to—
(aa)a parent or other household member responsible for the care of a dependent child under the age of 6 or for the care of an incapacitated person;  (bb)a person who is regularly and actively participating in a drug addiction or alcohol treatment and rehabilitation program; and
(cc)a person who is incapable of complying with the requirement under subclause (I) due to a documented medical condition.  (III)The Secretary shall require a project owner to verify compliance with the requirement under this clause by each person occupying a dwelling unit pursuant to a preference under clause (i)(I) annually in conjunction with reviews of income for purposes of determining eligibility for assistance described in clause (i).
(iv)A dwelling unit that is occupied by a person pursuant to a preference under clause (i)(I) may contain more than one bedroom only if such additional bedrooms are occupied only by other persons who occupy such dwelling unit pursuant to a preference under clause (i)(I).  (v)The project owner shall terminate any occupancy of a person pursuant to the preference under clause (i)(I) upon the person attaining 25 years of age or upon substantial noncompliance with the requirement under clause (iii), except that nothing in this clause may be construed to prohibit the occupancy in a project assisted under this paragraph by, or the provision of rental assistance under this paragraph for, any person, or to affect the eligibility of any person for such occupancy or assistance, other than pursuant to a preference under clause (i)(I)..
5.Exceptions to limitations for project-based voucher assistance
(a)Percentage limitationThe first sentence of clause (ii) of section 8(o)(13)(B) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)(13)(B)(ii)) is amended by inserting before or that the following: that house eligible children described in section 6(c)(4)(A)(iii) who comply with the requirements under section 39(c),.  (b)Income-mixing requirementSubclause (I) of section 8(o)(13)(D)(ii) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)(13)(D)(ii)(I)) is amended by inserting after elderly families the following: , to eligible children described in section 6(c)(4)(A)(iii),.
6.Guidance regarding implementation
(a)In generalThe Secretary of Housing and Urban Development jointly with the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall develop guidance for public housing agencies and owners of assisted housing regarding how to correctly and efficiently implement and comply with the requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act and shall make such guidance available to such agencies and owners.  (b)Consultation with HHSThe Secretary of Housing and Urban Development jointly with the Secretary of Agriculture shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide such information and guidance to the Secretary of Health and Human Services as may be necessary to facilitate such Secretary in informing States and public child welfare agencies on how to correctly and efficiently implement and comply with the requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

November 14, 2018
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed


115 HR 5058 IH: Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act of 2018
U.S. House of Representatives
2018-02-15
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

I115th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 5058IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESFebruary 15, 2018Mr. Panetta (for himself, Ms. Jayapal, Mr. McGovern, Ms. Schakowsky, Mr. Khanna, Mr. Suozzi, Mr. Polis, Mr. Correa, Miss Rice of New York, Ms. Moore, Mr. Kilmer, Mr. Heck, Ms. Roybal-Allard, Mr. Gutiérrez, Mrs. Carolyn B. Maloney of New York, Mr. Vargas, Ms. Lofgren, Ms. Ros-Lehtinen, Mr. O'Halleran, Mr. Soto, Mr. Blumenauer, Mr. Swalwell of California, and Ms. Eshoo) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the JudiciaryA BILLTo amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to eliminate the annual numerical limitation on U
			 visas, to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to grant work
			 authorization to aliens with a pending application for nonimmigrant status
			 under subparagraph (U) or (T) of section 101(a)(15) of such Act, and for
			 other purposes.

 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act of 2018. 2.Elimination of annual numerical limitation on U visasSection 214(p) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(p)) is amended by striking paragraph (2).
		3.Work authorization while applications for U and T visas are pending
 (a)U visasSection 214(p) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(p)) is amended— (1)in paragraph (6), by striking the last sentence; and
 (2)by adding at the end the following:  (8)Work authorizationNotwithstanding any provision of this Act granting eligibility for employment in the United States, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall grant employment authorization to an alien who has filed an application for nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15)(U) on the date that is the earlier of—
 (A)the date on which the alien’s application for such status is approved; or (B)a date determined by the Secretary that is not later than 180 days after the date on which the alien filed the application.
							.
 (b)T visasSection 214(o) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(o)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

 (8)Notwithstanding any provision of this Act granting eligibility for employment in the United States, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall grant employment authorization to an alien who has filed an application for nonimmigrant status under section 101(a)(15)(T) on the date that is the earlier of—
 (A)the date on which the alien’s application for such status is approved; or (B)a date determined by the Secretary that is not later than 180 days after the date on which the alien filed the application.
						.
			4.Prohibition on removal of certain victims with pending petitions and applications
 (a)Expedited removal of inadmissible arriving aliensSection 235 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225) is amended by adding at the end the following:

					(e)Prohibition on removal of certain victims with pending petitions and applications
 (1)In generalAn alien described in paragraph (2) shall not be ordered removed under this section until there is a final administrative denial of the application for such status after the exhaustion of administrative appeals.
 (2)Aliens describedAn alien is described in this paragraph if the alien— (A)has a pending application under section 101(a)(15)(T), 101(a)(15)(U), 106, 240A(b)(2), or 244(a)(3) (as in effect on March 31, 1997); or
 (B)is a VAWA self-petitioner, as defined in section 101(a)(51), with a pending application for relief under a provision referred to in one of subparagraphs (A) through (G) of such section.
 (3)ExceptionParagraph (1) shall not apply in a case in which the Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services determines that the alien is prima facie ineligible for admission due to any of the circumstances described in section 241(b)(3)(B)..
 (b)General classes of deportable aliensSection 237(d)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(d)(1)) is amended to read as follows:

					(d)
 (1)The Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services shall make a determination whether an application for nonimmigrant status under subparagraph (T) or (U) of section 101(a)(15) filed for an alien in the United States sets forth a prima facie case for approval, and, if so, the Secretary shall grant the alien an administrative stay of a final order of removal under section 241(c)(2) until—
 (A)the application for nonimmigrant status under such subparagraph (T) or (U) is approved; or (B)there is a final administrative denial of the application for such nonimmigrant status after the exhaustion of administrative appeals.
							.
 (c)Expedited removal of aliens convicted of committing aggravated feloniesSection 238 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1228) is amended by adding at the end the following:

					(d)Prohibition on removal of certain victims with pending petitions and applications
 (1)In generalAn alien described in paragraph (2) shall not be ordered removed under this section until there is a final administrative denial of the application for such status after the exhaustion of administrative appeals.
 (2)Aliens describedAn alien is described in this paragraph if the alien— (A)has a pending application under section 101(a)(15)(T), 101(a)(15)(U), 106, 240A(b)(2), or 244(a)(3) (as in effect on March 31, 1997); or
 (B)is a VAWA self-petitioner, as defined in section 101(a)(51), with a pending application for relief under a provision referred to in one of subparagraphs (A) through (G) of such section.
 (3)ExceptionParagraph (1) shall not apply in a case in which the Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services determines that any of the circumstances described in section 241(b)(3)(B) apply..
 (d)Detention and removal of aliens ordered removedSection 241(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1231(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:

					(8)Prohibition on removal of certain victims with pending petitions and applications
 (A)In generalAn alien described in subparagraph (B) shall not be removed under this section until there is a final administrative denial of the application for such status after the exhaustion of administrative appeals.
 (B)Aliens describedAn alien is described in this paragraph if the alien— (i)has a pending application under section 101(a)(15)(T), 101(a)(15)(U), 106, 240A(b)(2), or 244(a)(3) (as in effect on March 31, 1997); or
 (ii)is a VAWA self-petitioner, as defined in section 101(a)(51), with a pending application for relief under a provision referred to in one of subparagraphs (A) through (G) of such section.
 (C)ExceptionParagraph (1) shall not apply in a case in which the Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services determines that any of the circumstances described in section 241(b)(3)(B) apply..


		II
		109th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		S. 3824
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

			August 3, 2006
			Mr. Talent introduced
			 the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
			 Committee on Energy and Natural
			 Resources

		A BILL
		To provide for uniform penalties for violating
		  regulations within the National Park System, and for other
		  purposes.

		1.Short
			 titleThis Act may be cited as
			 the National Park System Uniform
			 Penalty Amendment Act.
		2.Uniform
			 penalties
			(a)In
			 generalThe first section of the Act of March 2, 1933 (47 Stat.
			 1420, chapter 180), is amended by striking imprisonment. and
			 inserting the following: imprisonment, unless the violation occurs at a
			 park, site, monument, or memorial that is part of the National Park System, in
			 which case the violation shall be subject to the appropriate penalty under
			 section 3 of the National Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 3) and subchapter
			 C of chapter 227 of part II of title 18, United States Code..
			(b)Administration
			 by Secretary of InteriorSection 2(k) of the Act of August 21,
			 1935 (16 U.S.C. 462(k)), is amended by striking proceedings. and
			 inserting the following: proceedings, unless the violation occurs at an
			 area that is part of the National Park System, in which case the violation
			 shall be subject to the appropriate penalty under section 3 of the National
			 Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 3) and subchapter C of chapter 227 of part
			 II of title 18, United States Code..


		II
		112th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		S. 2438
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

			April 26, 2012
			Mr. Schumer introduced
			 the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
			 Committee on
			 Finance

		A BILL
		To extend the temporary suspension of duty on sorbic
		  acid.

		1.Sorbic acid
			(a)In
			 generalHeading 9902.10.25 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of
			 the United States (relating to sorbic acid) is amended by striking the date in
			 the effective period column and inserting 12/31/2015.
			(b)Effective
			 dateThe amendment made by subsection (a) applies with respect to
			 goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the
			 15th day after the date of the enactment of this Act.


I114th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 6010IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESSeptember 13, 2016Mr. Bilirakis (for himself, Mr. Pierluisi, Mr. Posey, Mr. Sires, Mr. Curbelo of Florida, and Mr. Diaz-Balart) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and CommerceA BILLTo amend the Public Health Service Act to require the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to establish a registry of women who are diagnosed during pregnancy as having been infected with Zika virus and the children of such women, and for other purposes.
1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry Act of 2016. 2.Zika virus patient registryTitle III of the Public Health Service Act is amended by inserting after section 317T of such Act (42 U.S.C. 247b–22) the following:

317U.Zika virus patient registry
(a)In generalThe Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in this section referred to as the Director) shall establish and maintain a registry of— (1)women who are diagnosed during pregnancy as having been infected with Zika virus (in this section referred to as the registry); and
(2)the children of such women. (b)ContentsThe registry—
(1)shall include the identity of women and children described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a); and (2)may include—
(A)any symptoms and other adverse events experienced by such women and children that may be associated with Zika virus; and (B)other information pertaining to—
(i)the health of women described in subsection (a)(1) and monitoring and testing of such women during pregnancy; (ii)the results of evaluation and testing at birth of children described in subsection (a)(2); and
(iii)the health and development of children described in subsection (a)(2) through the first five years of life or, at the Director’s discretion, longer. (c)Availability of information only for researchThe Director may make information in the registry available only for research..


115 HR 3149 IH: Renewable Chemicals Act of 2017
U.S. House of Representatives
2017-06-29
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

I115th CONGRESS1st SessionH. R. 3149IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESJune 29, 2017Mr. Pascrell (for himself, Ms. Sánchez, Mr. Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Costello of Pennsylvania) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and MeansA BILLTo amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide credits for the production of renewable
			 chemicals and investments in renewable chemical production facilities, and
			 for other purposes.

 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Renewable Chemicals Act of 2017. 2.Credits for production of renewable chemicals and investments in renewable chemical production facilities (a)Production of renewable chemicals (1)In generalSubpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

						45S.Credit for production of renewable chemicals
 (a)In generalFor purposes of section 38, the production credit for renewable chemicals for any taxable year is an amount (determined separately for each renewable chemical) equal to $0.15 per pound of biobased content of each renewable chemical produced during the taxable year—
 (1)by the taxpayer, or (2)for the taxpayer by a contract manufacturer under a binding written agreement.
 (b)LimitationThe amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) with respect to a renewable chemical produced during any taxable year shall not exceed the credit amount allocated for purposes of this section by the Secretary to the taxpayer with respect to such chemical for such taxable year under section 48E(e).
 (c)DefinitionsFor purposes of this section— (1)Renewable chemical (A)In generalThe term renewable chemical means any chemical which—
 (i)is produced in the United States (or in a territory or possession of the United States) from renewable biomass,
 (ii)is sold or used by the taxpayer— (I)for the production of chemical products, polymers, plastics, or formulated products, or
 (II)as chemicals, polymers, plastics, or formulated products, (iii)is not less than 95 percent biobased content,
 (iv)is the product of, or is reliant upon, biological conversion, thermal conversion, or a combination of biological and thermal conversion of renewable biomass,
 (v)is not sold or used for the production of any food, feed, or fuel, (vi)is not a combination of renewable chemicals on the list under clause (vii) (or added to such list under subparagraph (B)) for which a credit has been claimed by the taxpayer in any taxable year under this section or section 48E, and
 (vii)is acetic acid, acrylic acid, acyl glutamate, adipic acid, algae oils, algae sugars, 1,4-butanediol (BDO), iso-butanol, n-butanol, C10 and higher hydrocarbons produced from olefin metathesis, carboxylic acids produced from olefin metathesis, cellulosic sugar, diethyl methylene malonate, dodecanedioic acid (DDDA), esters produced from olefin metathesis, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol, farnesene, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, gamma-butyrolactone, glucaric acid, hexamethylenediamine (HMD), 3-hydroxy propionic acid, iso-butene, isoprene, itaconic acid, lactide, levulinic acid, polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyitaconic acid, polyols from vegetable oils, poly(xylitan levulinate ketal), 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, rhamnolipids, short and medium chain carboxylic acids produced from anaerobic digestion, succinic acid, terephthalic acid, vegetable fatty acid-derived ethyl esters containing vegetable oil, or p-xylene.
 (B)Additional renewable chemicalsThe Secretary may add chemicals to the list of renewable chemicals in subparagraph (A)(vii). Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish a program to consider applications from taxpayers to add renewable chemicals to such list. Any chemical added to such list must meet the requirements set forth in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A) (without regard to the phrase by the taxpayer in clause (ii) thereof).
 (2)Biobased contentThe term biobased content means, with respect to any renewable chemical, the biobased content of the total mass of organic carbon in such chemical (expressed as a percentage), determined by testing representative samples using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6866.
 (3)Renewable biomassThe term renewable biomass has the meaning given such term in section 9001(13) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101(13)).
 (d)National limitation on credits for renewable chemicalsSee section 48E(e) for rules relating to national limitation on credits under this section. (e)Coordination with investment credit for renewable chemical production facilitiesSee section 48E(f) for rules coordinating section 48E with this section.
 (f)TerminationNotwithstanding any other provision of this section or section 48E, the Secretary may not allocate any credit amount under this section to any taxable year which begins more than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this section..
 (2)Credit to be part of general business creditSubsection (b) of section 38 of such Code is amended by striking plus at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (36) and inserting , plus, and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:  (37)the renewable chemicals production credit determined under section 45S(a)..
				(b)Investment credit in lieu of production credit
 (1)In generalSection 46 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking and at the end of paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (6) and inserting , and, and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:  (7)the renewable chemical production facilities credit..
 (2)Renewable chemical production facilities creditSubpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after section 48D the following:

						48E.Investment credit for renewable chemical production facilities
 (a)In generalFor purposes of section 46, the renewable chemical production facilities credit for any taxable year is an amount equal to 30 percent of the basis of any eligible property which is a part of a renewable chemical production facility placed in service by the taxpayer during such taxable year.
 (b)LimitationThe amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) with respect to a renewable chemical production facility of the taxpayer during any taxable year shall not exceed the credit amount allocated for purposes of this section by the Secretary to the taxpayer for such taxable year under subsection (e).
 (c)Renewable Chemical Production FacilityFor purposes of this section— (1)In generalThe term renewable chemical production facility means a facility—
 (A)which is owned by the taxpayer, (B)which is originally placed in service after the date of the enactment of this section and before the first day of the taxable year which begins 6 years after the date of the enactment of this section,
 (C)with respect to which— (i)no credit has been allowed under section 45S for chemicals produced at such facility in any previous taxable year, and
 (ii)the taxpayer makes an irrevocable election to have this section apply, and (D)which is used to produce renewable chemicals.
 (2)Eligible propertyThe term eligible property means any property— (A)which is—
 (i)tangible personal property, or (ii)other tangible property (not including a building or its structural components),
										but only if such property is used as an integral part of the renewable chemical production
 facility, and(B)with respect to which depreciation (or amortization in lieu of depreciation) is allowable. (3)Renewable chemicalThe term renewable chemical has the meaning given such term by section 45S(c)(1).
 (d)Certain qualified progress expenditures rules made applicableRules similar to the rules of subsections (c)(4) and (d) of section 46 (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990) shall apply for purposes of this section.
							(e)National limitation on credits for renewable chemicals
 (1)In generalNot later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish a program to allocate credit amounts under this section and section 45S to taxpayers who produce renewable chemicals for taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this section.
								(2)Limitations
 (A)Aggregate limitationThe total amount of credits that may be allocated under such program shall not exceed $500,000,000. (B)Taxpayer limitationThe amount of credits that may be allocated to any taxpayer for any taxable year under such program shall not exceed $25,000,000. For purposes of the preceding sentence, all persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52, or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414, shall be treated as one taxpayer.
 (3)Selection criteriaIn determining to which taxpayers to make allocations of the credit amount under such program, the Secretary shall take into consideration—
 (A)the number of jobs created and maintained (directly and indirectly) in the United States (including territories and possessions of the United States) as a result of such allocation during the credit period and thereafter,
 (B)the degree to which the production of the renewable chemical demonstrates reduced dependence on imported feedstocks, petroleum, non-renewable resources, or other fossil fuels,
 (C)the technological innovation involved in the production method of the renewable chemical, (D)the energy efficiency and reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gases of the renewable chemical or of the production method of the renewable chemical, and
 (E)whether there is a reasonable expectation of commercial viability. (4)RedistributionIf a credit amount allocated to a taxpayer for a taxable year with respect to any renewable chemical or renewable chemical production facility (determined without regard to this paragraph) exceeds the amount of the credit with respect to such chemical determined under this section on the taxpayer’s return for such taxable year—
 (A)the credit amount allocated to such taxpayer for such taxable year with respect to such renewable chemical shall be treated as being the amount so determined on the taxpayer’s return, and
 (B)such excess may be reallocated by the Secretary consistent with the requirements of this subsection.
 (5)Disclosure of allocationsThe Secretary shall, upon making an allocation of credit amount under this section, publicly disclose the identity of the taxpayer and the amount of the credit with respect to such taxpayer.
 (f)Coordination with production credit for renewable chemicalsIf a taxpayer makes an election under subsection (c)(1)(C)(ii) with respect to a renewable chemical production facility, a credit shall not be allowed under section 45S for any renewable chemical produced by such facility.
 (g)RegulationsThe Secretary shall issue such regulations or other guidance as may be necessary to carry out this section and section 45S.
 (h)TerminationThe Secretary may not allocate any credit amount under this section to any taxable year which begins more than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this section..
 (c)Credits allowable against alternative minimum taxSubparagraph (B) of section 38(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by redesignating clauses (vii) through (ix) as clauses (ix) through (xi), respectively, and by inserting after clause (vi) the following new clauses:

 (vii)the credit determined under section 45S, (viii)the credit determined under section 46 to the extent that such credit is attributable to the renewable chemical production facilities credit under section 48E,.
			(d)Clerical amendments
 (1)The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

							Sec. 45S. Credit for production of renewable chemicals..
 (2)The table of sections for subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

							Sec. 48E. Investment credit for renewable chemical production facilities..
 (e)Effective datesThe amendments made by this section shall apply to renewable chemicals produced and renewable chemical production facilities placed in service after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date.