		I
		111th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		H. R. 3212
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			July 14, 2009
			Mr. Pallone
			 introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
			 Committee on Energy and
			 Commerce

		A BILL
		To amend the Public Health Service Act to improve the
		  health of children and reduce the occurrence of sudden unexpected infant death
		  and to enhance public health activities related to stillbirth.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Stillbirth and SUID Prevention,
			 Education, and Awareness Act of 2009.
		2.FindingsCongress makes the following
			 findings:
			(1)Every year, there
			 are more than 25,000 stillbirths in the United States.
			(2)Common diagnosable
			 causes for stillbirth include genetic abnormalities, umbilical cord accidents,
			 infections, and placental problems.
			(3)A
			 number of risk factors for stillbirth have been described in pregnant women
			 such as maternal age, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.
			(4)Because of
			 advances in medical care over the last 30 years, much more is known about the
			 causes of stillbirth. But for as many as 50 percent of stillbirths, the cause
			 is never identified.
			(5)Sudden, Unexpected
			 Infant Death (SUID) is the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that
			 when first discovered did not have an obvious cause. These include those deaths
			 that are later determined to be from explained as well as unexplained
			 causes.
			(6)In 2004,
			 approximately 4,600 infants died suddenly and unexpectedly of no immediate
			 obvious cause. Each year approximately 200 deaths of children between the ages
			 of 1 and 4 remain unexplained after a thorough case investigation is
			 conducted.
			(7)The Sudden Infant
			 Death Syndrome (SIDS) rate has been declining significantly since the early
			 1990s. However, research has found that the decline in SIDS since 1999 can be
			 explained by increasing Sudden Unexpected Infant Death rates.
			(8)Many Sudden
			 Unexpected Infant Deaths are not investigated and, even when they are,
			 cause-of-death data are not collected and reported consistently.
			(9)Inaccurate or
			 inconsistent classification of cause and manner of death impedes prevention
			 efforts and complicates the ability to understand risk factors related to these
			 deaths.
			(10)The National
			 Child Death Review Case Reporting System collects comprehensive information on
			 the risk factors associated with SUID deaths. As of March 2009, 29 of the 49
			 States conducting child death reviews are voluntarily submitting data to this
			 reporting system.
			3.Amendment to the
			 Public Health Service ActTitle III of the Public Health Service Act
			 (42 U.S.C. 241 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

				SSudden unexpected
				infant death and sudden unexplained death in childhood
					399HH.DefinitionIn this part:
						(1)AdministratorThe term Administrator means
				the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration.
						(2)DirectorThe
				term Director means the Director of the Centers for Disease
				Control and Prevention.
						(3)StateThe
				term State includes the 50 States and the District of
				Columbia.
						(4)Sudden
				unexpected infant death; SUIDThe terms sudden unexpected infant
				death and SUID mean the sudden death of an infant under 1
				year of age that when first discovered did not have an obvious cause. Such
				terms include those deaths that are later determined to be from explained as
				well as unexplained causes.
						(5)Sudden
				unexplained death in childhood; SUDCThe terms sudden
				unexplained death in childhood and SUDC mean the sudden
				death of a child older than 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a
				thorough case investigation, including a review of the clinical history and
				circumstances of death, and performance of a complete autopsy with appropriate
				ancillary testing.
						399II.Death scene
				investigation and autopsy
						(a)Investigations
							(1)GrantsThe
				Secretary, acting through the Director, shall award grants to States to enable
				such States to improve the completion of comprehensive death scene
				investigations for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained death
				in childhood.
							(2)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1), a State shall submit to the
				Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
							(3)Use of
				funds
								(A)In
				generalA State shall use amounts received under a grant under
				paragraph (1) to improve the completion of comprehensive death scene
				investigations for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained death
				in childhood, including through the awarding of subgrants to local
				jurisdictions to be used to implement standard death scene investigation
				protocols for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained death in
				childhood and conduct comprehensive and to conduct standardized
				autopsies.
								(B)ProtocolsA
				standard death scene protocol implemented under subparagraph (A) shall include
				the obtaining of information on current and past medical history of the
				infant/child, the circumstances surrounding the death including any suspicious
				circumstances, the sleep position and sleep environment of the infant/child,
				and whether there were any accidental or environmental factors associated with
				the death. The Director in consultation with medical examiners, coroners, death
				scene investigators, law enforcement, emergency medical technicians and
				paramedics, public health agencies, and other individuals or groups determined
				necessary by the Director shall develop a standard death scene protocol for
				children from 1 to 4 years of age using existing protocols developed for
				SUID.
								(b)Autopsies
							(1)In
				generalThe Secretary, acting through the Director, shall award
				grants to States to enable such States to increase the rate at which
				comprehensive and standardized autopsies are performed for sudden unexpected
				infant death and sudden unexplained death in childhood.
							(2)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1), a State shall submit to the
				Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
							(3)Comprehensive
				autopsyFor purposes of this subsection, a comprehensive autopsy
				shall include a full external and internal examination of all major organs and
				tissues including the brain, complete radiographs, metabolic testing, and
				toxicology screening of the infant/child involved.
							(4)GuidelinesThe
				Director, in consultation with board certified forensic pathologists, medical
				examiners, coroners, pediatric pathologists, pediatric cardiologists, pediatric
				neuropathologists and geneticists, and other individuals and groups determined
				necessary by the Director shall develop national guidelines for a standard
				autopsy protocol for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained
				death in childhood. The Director shall ensure that the majority of such
				consultation is with board certified forensic pathologists, medical examiners,
				and coroners. The Director is encouraged to seek additional input from child
				abuse experts, bereavement specialists, parents, and public health agencies on
				non-medical aspects of the autopsy guidelines. In developing such protocol, the
				Director shall consider autopsy protocols used by State and local
				jurisdictions.
							(c)Study on genetic
				testingThe Director, in consultation with medical examiners,
				coroners, forensic pathologists, geneticists, researchers, public health
				officials, and other individuals and groups determined necessary by the
				Director, shall commission a study to determine the benefits and
				appropriateness of genetic testing for infant and early childhood deaths that
				remain unexplained after a complete death scene investigation and comprehensive
				and standardized autopsy. Such study shall include recommendations on
				developing a standard protocol for use in determining when to utilize genetic
				testing and standard protocols for the collection and storage of specimens
				suitable for genetic testing.
						(d)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated, such sums
				as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2014, to carry out
				this section.
						399JJ.Training
						(a)GrantsThe
				Secretary, acting through the Director, shall award grants to eligible entities
				for the provision of training on death scene investigation.
						(b)Eligible
				entitiesTo be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a),
				an entity shall—
							(1)be—
								(A)a State or local
				government entity; or
								(B)a non-profit
				private entity; and
								(2)submit to the
				Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
							(c)Use of
				fundsAn eligible entity shall use amounts received under a grant
				under this section to—
							(1)provide training
				to medical examiners, coroners, death scene investigators, law enforcement
				personnel, and emergency medical technicians or paramedics concerning death
				scene investigations, including the use of standard death scene investigation
				protocols that include information on the current and past medical history of
				the infant/child, the circumstances surrounding the death including any
				suspicious circumstances, the sleep position and sleep environment of the
				infant/child, and whether there were any accidental or environmental factors
				associated with the death;
							(2)provide training
				directly to individuals who are responsible for conducting and reviewing death
				scene investigations for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained
				death in childhood;
							(3)provide training
				to multidisciplinary teams, including teams that have a medical examiner or
				coroner, death scene investigator, law enforcement representative, and an
				emergency medical technician or paramedic;
							(4)in the case of
				national and State-based grantees that is comprised of medical examiners,
				coroners, death scene investigators, law enforcement personnel, or emergency
				medical technicians and paramedics, integrate training under the grant on death
				scene investigation into professional accreditation and training
				programs;
							(5)in the case of
				State and local government entity grantees, obtain equipment, including
				computer equipment, to aid in the completion of standard death scene
				investigation; or
							(6)conduct training
				activities for medical examiners, coroners, and forensic pathologists
				concerning standard autopsy protocols for sudden unexpected infant death and
				sudden unexplained death in childhood.
							(d)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated to carry
				out this section, such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010
				through 2014.
						399KK.Child death
				review
						(a)Prevention
							(1)Core capacity
				grantsThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
				award grants to States to build State capacity and implement State and local
				child death review programs and prevention strategies.
							(2)Planning
				grantsThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
				award planning grants to States that have no existing child death review
				program or States in which the only child death review programs are
				State-based, for the development of local child death review programs and
				prevention strategies.
							(3)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1) or (2), a State shall submit
				to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing
				such information as the Secretary may require.
							(4)Technical
				assistanceThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
				provide technical assistance to assist States—
								(A)in developing the
				capacity for comprehensive child death review programs, including the
				development of best practices for the implementation of such programs;
				and
								(B)in maintaining the
				national child death case reporting system.
								(b)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated, such sums
				as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2014, to carry out
				subsection (a).
						300LL.National
				registry for sudden unexpected infant deaths and sudden unexplained death in
				childhood
						(a)EstablishmentThe
				Secretary, acting through the Director and in consultation with the national
				child death case reporting system, the Administrator of the Health Resources
				and Services Administration, national health organizations, and professional
				societies with experience and expertise relating to reducing SUID and SUDC,
				shall establish a population-based SUID and SUDC case registry that can
				facilitate the understanding of the root causes, rates, and trends of SUID and
				SUDC.
						(b)National
				registryThe national registry established under subsection (a)
				shall facilitate the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data by—
							(1)implementing a
				surveillance and monitoring system based on thorough and complete death scene
				investigation data, clinical history, and autopsy findings;
							(2)collecting
				standardized information about the environmental, medical, genetic, and social
				circumstances of death (including sleep environment and quality of the death
				scene investigation) if determined that such may correlate with infant and
				early childhood deaths, as well as information from other law enforcement,
				medical examiner, coroner, emergency medical services (EMS), medical records,
				and vital records (if possible);
							(3)supporting
				multidisciplinary infant and early childhood death reviews such as those
				performed by child death review committees to collect and review the
				standardized information and accurately and consistently classify and
				characterize SUID and SUDC; and
							(4)facilitating the
				sharing of information to improve the public reporting of surveillance and
				vital statistics describing the epidemiology of SUID and SUDC.
							(c)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated to carry
				out this section, such sums as necessary for each of fiscal years 2010 through
				2014.
						399MM.Public
				awareness and education campaign
						(a)EstablishmentThe
				Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in consultation with the
				Director and the Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall establish
				and implement a culturally competent public health awareness and education
				campaign to provide information that is focused on decreasing the risk factors
				for sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained death in childhood,
				including educating individuals about safe sleep environments, sleep positions,
				and reducing exposure to smoking during pregnancy and after birth.
						(b)Targeted
				populationsThe campaign under subsection (a) shall be designed
				to reduce health disparities through the targeting of populations with high
				rates of sudden unexpected infant death and sudden unexplained death in
				childhood.
						(c)ConsultationIn
				establishing and implementing the campaign under subsection (a), the Secretary
				shall consult with national organizations representing health care providers,
				including nurses and physicians, parents, child care providers, children's
				advocacy and safety organizations, maternal and child health programs and
				women's, infants and children nutrition professionals, and other individuals
				and groups determined necessary by the Secretary for such establishment and
				implementation.
						(d)Grants
							(1)In
				generalIn carrying out the campaign under subsection (a), the
				Secretary shall award grants to national organizations, State and local health
				departments, and community-based organizations for the conduct of education and
				outreach programs for nurses, parents, child care providers, public health
				agencies, and community organizations.
							(2)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1), an entity shall submit to
				the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
							(e)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated to carry
				out this section, such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010
				through 2014.
						399NN.Grants for
				support services
						(a)In
				generalThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator, shall
				award grants to national organizations, State and local health departments, and
				community-based organizations, for the provisions of support services to
				families who have had a child die of sudden unexpected infant death and sudden
				unexplained death in childhood.
						(b)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an entity shall submit to
				the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
						(c)Use of
				fundsAmounts received under a grant awarded under subsection (a)
				may be used to provide grief counseling, education, home visits, 24-hour
				hotlines, and support groups for families who have lost a child to sudden
				unexpected infant death or sudden unexplained death in childhood.
						(d)PreferenceIn
				awarding grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to
				community-based applicants that have a proven history of effective direct
				support services and interventions for sudden unexpected infant death and
				sudden unexplained death in childhood and can demonstrate experience through
				collaborations and partnerships for delivering services throughout a State or
				region.
						(e)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere is authorized to be appropriated to carry
				out this section, such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010
				through 2014.
						399OO.Evaluation of
				State and regional needsThe
				Secretary, acting through the Director and in consultation with the
				Administrator, shall conduct a needs assessment on a State and regional basis
				of the availability of personnel, training, technical assistance, and resources
				for investigating and determining sudden unexpected infant death and sudden
				unexplained death in childhood death and make recommendations to increase
				collaboration on a State and regional level for investigation and
				determination.
					.
		4.Enhancing public
			 health activities related to stillbirthPart P of title III of the
			 Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
			 280g et seq.) is amended—
			(1)by redesignating the second section 399R
			 (relating to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis registry (42 U.S.C. 280g–7)) and
			 the third section 399R (relating to support for patients receiving a positive
			 diagnosis of down syndrome or other prenatally or postnatally diagnosed
			 conditions (42 U.S.C. 280g–8)) as sections 399S and 399T respectively;
			 and
			(2)by adding at the end the following:

					399U.Enhancing
				public health activities related to stillbirth
						(a)GrantsThe
				Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and
				Prevention, shall award grants to eligible States and metropolitan areas to
				enhance and expand surveillance efforts to collect thorough and complete
				epidemiologic information on stillbirths, including through the utilization of
				the infrastructure of existing surveillance systems.
						(b)EligibilityTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an entity shall be—
							(1)a State or a major
				metropolitan area (as defined by the Secretary); and
							(2)submit to the
				Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require, including an assurance that the
				applicant will implement the standardized surveillance protocol developed under
				subsection (c).
							(c)Surveillance
				protocolThe Secretary, acting through the Director of the
				Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall—
							(1)provide for the
				continued development and dissemination of a standard protocol for stillbirth
				data collection and surveillance, in consultation with representatives of
				health and advocacy organizations, State and local governments, and other
				interested entities determined appropriate by the Secretary;
							(2)monitor trends and
				identify potential risk factors for further study using existing sources of
				surveillance data and expanded sources of data from targeted surveillance
				efforts, and methods for the evaluation of stillbirth prevention efforts;
				and
							(3)develop and
				evaluate methods to link existing data to provide more complete information for
				research into the causes and conditions associated with stillbirth.
							(d)Postmortem
				evaluation and Data CollectionThe Secretary, acting through the
				Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and in consultation
				with physicians, nurses, pathologists, geneticists, parents, and other groups
				determined necessary by the Director, shall develop guidelines for increasing
				the performance and data collection of postmortem stillbirth evaluation,
				including conducting and reimbursing autopsies, placental histopathlogy and
				cytogentic testing. The guidelines should take into account cultural competency
				issues related to postmortem stillbirth evaluation.
						(e)Public health
				programmatic activities related to stillbirthThe Secretary,
				acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
				shall—
							(1)develop behavioral
				surveys for women experiencing stillbirth, using existing State-based
				infrastructure for pregnancy-related information gathering; and
							(2)increase the
				technical assistance provided to States, Indian tribes, territories, and local
				communities to enhance capacity for improved investigation of medical and
				social factors surrounding stillbirth events.
							(f)Public education
				and prevention programsThe Secretary, acting through the
				Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and in consultation
				with health care providers, public health organizations, maternal and child
				health programs, parents, and other groups deemed necessary by the Director,
				shall directly or through grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to
				eligible entities, develop and conduct evidence-based public education and
				prevention programs aimed at reducing the occurrence of stillbirth overall and
				addressing the racial and ethnic disparities in its occurrence,
				including—
							(1)public education
				programs, services, and demonstrations which are designed to increase general
				awareness of stillbirths; and
							(2)the development of
				tools for the education of health professionals and women concerning the known
				risks factors for stillbirth, promotion of fetal movement awareness, taking
				proactive steps to monitor a baby’s movement beginning at approximately 28
				weeks into the pregnancy, and the importance of early and regular prenatal care
				to monitor the health and development of the fetus up to and during
				delivery.
							(g)Task
				forceThe Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the
				National Institutes of Health, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control
				and Prevention, and health care providers, researchers, parents, and other
				groups deemed necessary by the Directors, shall establish a task force to
				develop a national research plan to determine the causes of, and how to
				prevent, stillbirth.
						(h)Grants for
				support services
							(1)In
				generalThe Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the
				Health Resources and Services Administration, shall award grants to national
				organizations, State and local health departments, and community-based
				organizations, for the provisions of support services to families who have
				experienced stillbirth.
							(2)ApplicationTo
				be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an entity shall submit to
				the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
				information as the Secretary may require.
							(3)Use of
				fundsAmounts received under a grant awarded under subsection (a)
				may be used to provide grief counseling, education, home visits, 24-hour
				hotlines, and support groups for families who have experienced
				stillbirth.
							(4)PreferenceIn
				awarding grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to
				applicants that are community-based organizations that have a proven history of
				providing effective direct support services and interventions related to
				stillbirths and can demonstrate experience through collaborations and
				partnerships for delivering services throughout a State or region.
							(i)DefinitionIn
				this section, the term stillbirth means a spontaneous, not
				induced, pregnancy loss 20 weeks or after, or if the age of the fetus is not
				known, then a fetus weighing 350 grams or more.
						(j)Authorization of
				appropriationsThere are
				authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, such sums as may be
				necessary for each of fiscal years 2010 through
				2014.
						.
			5.Report to
			 CongressNot later than 2
			 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
			 Human Services, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control
			 and Prevention and in consultation with the Director of the National Institutes
			 of Health and the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services
			 Administration, shall submit to Congress a report describing the progress made
			 in implementing this Act (and the amendments made by this Act).


		II
		Calendar No. 1040
		110th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		S. 3175
		[Report No. 110–479]
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

			June 20 (legislative day, June 19),
			 2008
			Mr. Lieberman (for
			 himself, Ms. Collins, and
			 Mr. Akaka) introduced the following bill;
			 which was read twice and referred to the
			 Committee on Homeland Security and
			 Governmental Affairs

			September 22 (legislative day, September 17),
			 2008
			Reported by Mr.
			 Lieberman, with amendments
			Omit the part struck through and insert the part
			 printed in italic

		A BILL
		To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
		  Emergency Assistance Act to reauthorize the predisaster hazard mitigation
		  program, to make technical corrections to that Act, and for other
		  purposes.

		1.Short
			 titleThis Act may be cited as
			 the Predisaster Hazard Mitigation Act
			 of 2008.
		2.Predisaster
			 hazard mitigation
			(a)Allocation of
			 fundsSection 203(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief
			 and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133(f)) is amended to read as
			 follows:

					(f)Allocation of
				funds
						(1)In
				generalThe President shall award financial assistance under this
				section on a competitive basis and in accordance with the criteria in
				subsection (g).
						(2)Minimum and
				maximum amountsIn providing financial assistance under this
				section, the President shall ensure that the amount of financial assistance
				made available to a State (including amounts made available to local
				governments of the State) for a fiscal year—
							(A)is not less than
				the lesser of—
								(i)$575,000;
				and
								(ii)the amount that
				is equal to 1 percent of the total funds appropriated to carry out this section
				for the fiscal year; and
								(B)does not exceed
				the amount that is equal to 15 percent of the total funds appropriated to carry
				out this section for the fiscal
				year.
							.
			(b)Authorization
			 of appropriationsSection 203(m) of the Robert T. Stafford
			 Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133(m)) is amended to
			 read as follows:

					(m)Authorization
				of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated to
				carry out this section—
						(1)$160,000,000 for fiscal year
				2009;
						(2)$170,000,000 for fiscal
				year
				2010;
						(3)$180,000,000 for fiscal year
				2011;
						(4)$190,000,000 for fiscal year
				2012; and
						(5)$200,000,000 for fiscal year
				2013.
						(1)$210,000,000 for fiscal
				year 2009;
						(2)$220,000,000 for fiscal
				year 2010;
						(3)$230,000,000 for fiscal
				year 2011;
						(4)$240,000,000 for fiscal
				year 2012; and
						(5)$250,000,000 for fiscal
				year
				2013.
						.
			3.Technical and
			 conforming amendmentsThe
			 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121
			 et seq.) is amended—
			(1)in section 204(b)
			 (42 U.S.C. 5134(b)), by striking Director and inserting
			 Administrator;
			(2)in section 303(b)
			 (42 U.S.C. 5144(b)), by striking Director each place it appears
			 and inserting Administrator;
			(3)in section
			 326(c)(3) (42 U.S.C. 5165d(c)(3)), by striking Director and
			 inserting Administrator;
			(4)in section 404(b)
			 (42 U.S.C. 5170c(b)), by striking Director each place it appears
			 and inserting Administrator;
			(5)in section 406
			 (42 U.S.C. 5172), by striking Director each place it appears and
			 inserting Administrator;
			(6)in section 602(a)
			 (42 U.S.C. 5195a(a))—
				(A)in paragraph (4),
			 by striking Director and inserting Administrator;
			 and
				(B)by striking
			 paragraph (7) and inserting the following:

						(7)AdministratorThe term Administrator means
				the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management
				Agency.
						;
				(7)in sections 603
			 through 613 (42 U.S.C. 5195b et seq.), by striking Director each
			 place it appears and inserting Administrator;
			(8)in sections 616
			 and 621 (42 U.S.C. 5196f and 5197), by striking Director each
			 place it appears and inserting Administrator;
			(9)in section 622
			 (42 U.S.C. 5197a)—
				(A)in subsection
			 (a), by striking Director each place it appears and inserting
			 Administrator;
				(B)in subsection
			 (b), by striking Director and inserting
			 Administrator; and
				(C)in subsection
			 (c)—
					(i)by
			 striking Director the first place it appears and inserting
			 Administrator; and
					(ii)by
			 striking Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
			 each place it appears and inserting Administrator;
					(10)in sections 623
			 and 624 (42 U.S.C. 5197b and 5197c), by striking Director each
			 place it appears and inserting Administrator; and
			(11)in section 629
			 (42 U.S.C. 5197h), by striking Director each place it appears
			 and inserting Administrator.
			4.Program
			 eligibilitySection 203(e) of
			 the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
			 5133(e)) is amended—
			(1)by redesignating
			 paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
			(2)by inserting after
			 paragraph (1) the following:

					(2)Flood control
				projects
						(A)In
				generalA State may use not more than 25 percent of the financial
				assistance under this section made available to the State in a fiscal year
				(including any such financial assistance made available to local governments of
				the State) for flood control projects.
						(B)DefinitionIn
				this paragraph, the term flood control project—
							(i)means—
								(I)a project relating to the
				construction, demolition, repair, or improvement of a dam, dike, levee,
				floodwall, seawall, groin, jetty, or breakwater;
								(II)a waterway
				channelization; or
								(III)an erosion project
				relating to beach nourishment or renourishment; and
								(ii)does not include any
				project the maintenance of which is the responsibility of a Federal department
				or agency, including the Corps of
				Engineers.
							.

		September 22 (legislative day, September 17),
		  2008
		Reported with amendments


116 HR 1193 IH: Reclamation of War Powers Act
U.S. House of Representatives
2019-02-13
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

I116th CONGRESS1st SessionH. R. 1193IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESFebruary 13, 2019Mr. Himes (for himself, Mr. Rouda, Ms. Sherrill, Mr. Kilmer, Mr. Gallego, Mrs. Luria, Mr. Huffman, Mr. Moulton, Mr. Cooper, Mr. Ted Lieu of California, Mr. Welch, Miss Rice of New York, Mr. Espaillat, Mr. Casten of Illinois, and Mr. Schrader) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such
			 provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concernedA BILLTo prohibit funds available for the United States Armed Forces to be obligated or expended for
			 introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, and for other
			 purposes.

 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Reclamation of War Powers Act. 2.Purpose and policy (a)It is the purpose of this Act to fulfill the intent of the Framers of the Constitution of the United States and ensure that the collective judgment of both Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and to the continued use of such forces in hostilities or in such situations.
 (b)Under article I, section 8, of the Constitution, it is specifically provided that Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution, not only its own powers but also all other powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
 (c)The constitutional powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief to deploy United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, may be exercised only pursuant to—
 (1)a declaration of war; (2)specific statutory authorization; or
 (3)a national emergency created by attack or imminent threat of attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its Armed Forces.
				3.Limitation on use of funds
			(a)Limitation
 (1)In generalNo funds available for the United States Armed Forces may be obligated or expended for introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, in the absence of—
 (A)a declaration of war; (B)specific statutory authorization; or
 (C)a national emergency created by an attack or imminent threat of attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed Forces.
 (2)Additional limitation relating to national emergencyFunds available for the United States Armed Forces may be obligated or expended for introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, by reason of a national emergency created by an attack or imminent threat of attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed Forces only during the 60-day period beginning on such date of introduction of United States Armed Forces.
				(b)Prohibition on consideration of bill or joint resolution in violation of subsection (a)
 (1)In generalIt shall not be in order in the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill or joint resolution that would make funds available in violation of subsection (a).
 (2)Enactment as exercise of rulemaking power of House of Representatives and SenateThis subsection is enacted by Congress— (A)as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such are deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and such procedures supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent with such other rules; and
 (B)with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.
					4.Reporting requirements
			(a)Report relating to declaration of war or specific statutory authorization
 (1)In generalThe President shall, in the case of a declaration of war or specific authorization for introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, submit to Congress a report on the following:
 (A)An analysis of the threat to be countered by the use of the Armed Forces. (B)The specific objectives and justification for such objectives to be achieved by the use of the Armed Forces.
 (C)A description of the scope and duration, cost, and likelihood of success of the use of the Armed Forces.
 (2)DeadlinesThe initial report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted to Congress not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of a bill or joint resolution that provides for a declaration of war or specific authorization for introduction of United States Armed Forces as described in paragraph (1), and an update of such report shall be submitted to Congress every 90 days thereafter until the United States Armed Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or situations as described in paragraph (1).
				(b)Report relating to national emergency
 (1)In generalThe President shall, in the case of introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, by reason of a national emergency created by an attack or imminent threat of attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed Forces, submit to Congress a report on the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a).
 (2)DeadlineThe report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted to Congress not later than 48 hours after introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, as described in paragraph (1), and an update of such report shall be submitted to Congress not later than 60 days after the date of submission of the initial report.
 5.Rules of constructionNothing in this Act may be construed— (1)to alter the constitutional authority of Congress or of the President, or the provisions of existing treaties; or
 (2)to apply to those activities approved and reported pursuant to section 503 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3093).
 6.DefinitionIn this Act, the term introduction of United States Armed Forces includes the assignment of members of such Armed Forces to command, coordinate, participate in the movement of, or accompany the regular or irregular military forces of any foreign country or government when such military forces are engaged, or there exists an imminent threat that such forces will become engaged, in hostilities.


116 HRES 500 IH: Recognizing the benefits of digitization of the mortgage process.
U.S. House of Representatives
2019-07-17
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

IV116th CONGRESS1st SessionH. RES. 500IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESJuly 17, 2019Mr. Duffy submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Financial ServicesRESOLUTIONRecognizing the benefits of digitization of the mortgage process.

 Whereas online, mobile, and other responsible technological advances can be leveraged with the use of remote data management and alternative sources of data to increase availability of safe products to underserved, underbanked, and unbanked communities;
 Whereas use of electronically signed documents in the mortgage process can reduce length of closing time, reduce hours of costly labor-intensive processes, are cost effective to store and transmit, and offer greater protection against unauthorized tampering, alteration, or loss;
 Whereas digitization and automated valuation models may lower costs and expedite closing times for consumers;
 Whereas digital signatures applied to mortgages have statutory basis in the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN; Public Law 106–229), which recognized the legal validity of signatures and records executed with an electronic stamp;
 Whereas remote online notarization and the use of audio and visual technology and electronic methods can meet demands to facilitate a modern closing process for home mortgage closings and enhance the consumer experience;
 Whereas an eNote is an electronic version of the negotiable promissory note that is digitally signed and electronically transmitted and stored;
 Whereas online products provide consumers with anonymity to prevent discrimination against protected classes in the mortgage process;
 Whereas the digital mortgage process provides consumers with control of and access to their own data, information, and finances;
 Whereas single source validation allows lenders to verify a consumer’s assets and employment to streamline a more accurate and secure closing process;
 Whereas continued enhancements in digital identity verification using multi-factor authentication to validate the consumer protects their identity and data;
 Whereas the digitization of property data has helped to streamline and automate more accurate valuations;
 Whereas certain markets may continue to necessitate physical appraisals for different types of construction, lot sizes, amenities, age, and other factors;
 Whereas nonuniform State rules create a barrier and uncertainty for investors considering purchasing digital mortgages;
 Whereas State and local governments should focus on harmonization, including adoption of model laws that could be uniformly adopted by States; and
 Whereas the Federal Housing Administration, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Department of Veterans Affairs already allow for the use of electronic signatures on mortgage documents insured or guaranteed by their programs, and the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) is in the process of permitting the use of eNotes for loans included in securities it guarantees: Now, therefore, be it

 That the House of Representatives— (1)supports the adoption by States of consistent standards for the digitization of the mortgage process; and
 (2)urges the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to continue to support Ginnie Mae’s effort to accept eNotes and electronically signed mortgage documents.


110 HR 2927 IH: To increase the corporate average fuel economy standards

U.S. House of Representatives
2007-06-28
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

		I
		110th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		H. R. 2927
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			June 28, 2007
			Mr. Hill (for
			 himself, Mr. Terry,
			 Mr. Barrow,
			 Mr. Brown of South Carolina,
			 Mr. Ryan of Wisconsin,
			 Mr. Ross, and
			 Mr. Towns) introduced the following
			 bill; which was referred to the Committee
			 on Energy and Commerce

		A BILL
		To increase the corporate average fuel economy standards
		  for automobiles, to promote the domestic development and production of advanced
		  technology vehicles, and for other purposes.

		1.Average fuel economy
			 standards for automobiles
			(a)Increased
			 standardsSection 32902 of
			 title 49, United States Code, is amended—
				(1)by amending
			 subsection (a) to read as follows:

						(a)Non-passenger
				automobiles(1)Not later than 18 months before the
				beginning of each model year, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe
				by regulation average fuel economy standards for non-passenger automobiles
				manufactured by a manufacturer in that model year. Each standard prescribed
				under this paragraph shall be the maximum feasible average fuel economy level
				that the Secretary determines the manufacturers can achieve in that model
				year.
							(2)Each standard shall be expressed in
				terms of average miles per gallon of fuel and in terms of average grams per
				mile of carbon dioxide emissions, such that the specified average grams per
				mile of carbon dioxide emissions is equivalent to the average miles per gallon
				of fuel specified in the standard for that model year.
							(3)The Secretary may prescribe separate
				standards for different classes of automobiles under this subsection based on
				vehicle attributes pursuant to subsection
				(k).
							;
				(2)by amending
			 subsection (b) to read as follows:

						(b)Passenger
				automobiles(1)Not later than 18 months before the
				beginning of each model year, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe
				by regulation average fuel economy standards for passenger automobiles
				manufactured by a manufacturer in that model year. Each standard prescribed
				under this paragraph shall be the maximum feasible average fuel economy level
				that the Secretary determines the manufacturers can achieve in that model
				year.
							(2)Each standard shall be expressed in
				terms of average miles per gallon of fuel and in terms of average grams per
				mile of carbon dioxide emissions, such that the specified average grams per
				mile of carbon dioxide emissions is equivalent in stringency to the average
				miles per gallon of fuel specified in the standard for that model year.
							(3)The Secretary may prescribe separate
				standards for different classes of passenger automobiles based on vehicle
				attributes pursuant to subsection (k).
							(4)(A)Notwithstanding any other provision of this
				section, for any model year in which the Secretary prescribes average fuel
				economy standards for passenger automobiles on the basis of vehicle attributes
				pursuant to subsection (k), the average fuel economy standard for passenger
				automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer in that model year shall also
				provide for an alternative minimum standard that shall apply only to a
				manufacturer’s domestically manufactured passenger automobiles, as calculated
				under section 32904 as in effect on June 24, 2007.
								(B)The alternative minimum standard referred
				to in subparagraph (A) shall be the greater of—
									(i)27.5 miles per gallon; or
									(ii)92 percent of the average fuel
				economy projected by the Secretary for the combined domestic and foreign fleets
				manufactured for sale in the United States by all manufacturers in that model
				year, which projection shall be published in the Federal Register when the
				standard for that model year is promulgated in accordance with this
				section.
									(C)The alternative minimum standard
				under this paragraph shall apply to a manufacturer’s domestically manufactured
				passenger automobiles only if the passenger automobile standard established on
				the basis of vehicle attributes pursuant to this subsection, excluding any
				credits transferred by the manufacturer pursuant to section 32903(g) from other
				categories of automobiles described in such section, would allow that
				manufacturer to comply with a less stringent passenger automobile standard than
				the alternative minimum standard.
								;
				and
				(3)by amending
			 subsection (c) to read as follows:

						(c)Average fuel
				economy for automobiles after 2021In prescribing standards under subsections
				(a) and (b), the Secretary shall prescribe separate average fuel economy
				standards for passenger automobiles and non-passenger automobiles such
				that—
							(1)the projected combined fuel economy average
				for model year 2022 shall not be greater than 35 miles per gallon; and
							(2)the projected
				combined fuel economy average for model year 2022 and subsequent model years
				shall be not less than 32 miles per gallon,
							for the
				total fleet of automobiles manufactured for sale in the United
				States..
				(b)Authority of the
			 Secretary To prescribe standards based on vehicle attributesSection 32902 of title 49, United States
			 Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

					(k)Authority of the
				Secretary To prescribe standards based on vehicle attributes(1)In prescribing average fuel economy
				standards under this section, the Secretary may by regulation prescribe
				separate average fuel economy standards for passenger automobiles and
				non-passenger automobiles based on vehicle attributes related to fuel economy,
				which includes carbon efficiency for purposes of this chapter, and express the
				standards in the form of a mathematical function.
						(2)If the Secretary prescribes standards
				for passenger automobiles on the basis of vehicle attributes, the Secretary
				shall provide a transition period during the first 3 model years in which an
				attribute-based standard would apply during which each manufacturer may elect
				whether to comply with the attribute-based standard or with the single
				corporate average fuel economy level prescribed under subsection (b).
						(l)The Secretary may prescribe regulations
				under this section establishing average fuel economy standards for automobiles
				for 1 or more consecutive model years, up to a maximum of 5 consecutive model
				years at one
				time.
					.
			(c)Credit
			 transferring within a manufacturer’s fleetSection 32903 of title
			 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

					(g)Credit
				transferring within a manufacturer’s fleet(1)The Secretary of
				Transportation shall establish by regulation a corporate average fuel economy
				credit transferring program to allow any manufacturer whose automobiles exceed
				any of the average fuel economy standards prescribed under section 32902 to
				transfer the credits earned under this section and to apply such credits within
				that manufacturer’s fleet to a compliance category of automobiles that fails to
				achieve the prescribed standards.
						(2)Credits transferred under this
				subsection are available to be used in the same model years that the
				manufacturer could have applied such credits under subsections (a), (b), (d),
				and (e), as well as for the model year in which the manufacturer earned such
				credits. The maximum increase in any compliance category attributable to
				transferred credits is 1.0 mile per gallon in any single model year.
						(3)In the case of transfers of credits
				to the category of automobiles described in paragraph (5)(B)(i), the transfer
				is limited to the extent that the fuel economy level of the manufacturer’s
				fleet of passenger automobiles manufactured domestically shall comply with the
				provisions established under section 32902(b)(4), excluding any transfers from
				other categories of automobiles described in paragraph (5)(B).
						(4)A credit transferred in conformance
				with this subsection may only be so transferred if such credit is earned in
				model year 2010 or any subsequent model year.
						(5)As used in this subsection—
							(A)the term fleet means all
				automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer in a particular model year;
				and
							(B)the term compliance category of
				automobiles means any of the 3 categories of automobiles for which
				compliance is separately calculated under this chapter, namely—
								(i)passenger automobiles manufactured
				domestically;
								(ii)passenger automobiles not
				manufactured domestically; and
								(iii)non-passenger
				automobiles.
								.
			(d)Technical and
			 conforming amendmentsChapter 329 of title 49, United States
			 Code, is amended—
				(1)in section
			 32901(a)—
					(A)by redesignating
			 paragraph (16) as paragraph (17); and
					(B)by inserting after
			 paragraph (15) the following:

							(16)non-passenger
				automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile;
				and
							;
					(2)in section
			 32902—
					(A)in subsection
			 (d)(1), by striking or (c);
					(B)in subsection
			 (g)—
						(i)in
			 paragraph (1), by striking subsection (a) or (d) both places it
			 appears and inserting subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d);
						(ii)in
			 paragraph (2), by striking (and submit the amendment to Congress when
			 required under subsection (c)(2) of this section); and
						(C)in subsection (h),
			 by inserting (a), (b), after subsections;
					(D)in subsection (j),
			 by striking subsection (a), and inserting subsection (a),
			 (b),;
					(3)in section
			 32903—
					(A)by striking
			 section 32902(b)–(d) of this title each place it appears and
			 inserting subsection (a) through (d) of section 32902;
					(B)in subsection
			 (a)—
						(i)by
			 striking 3 consecutive model years each place it appears and
			 inserting 5 consecutive model years;
						(ii)in
			 paragraph (2), by striking clause (1) of this subsection and
			 inserting paragraph (1); and
						(C)in subsection
			 (b)—
						(i)in
			 paragraph (1), by striking paragraph (2) of this subsection and
			 inserting paragraph (2) and subsection (g); and
						(ii)in
			 paragraph (2), by striking 3 model years and inserting 5
			 model years; and
						(D)in subsection (e),
			 by striking automobiles that are not passenger automobiles and
			 inserting non-passenger automobiles;
					(4)in section
			 32904(a)(1)(B), by striking section 32902(b)–(d) and inserting
			 subsections (b) and (d) of section 32902;
				(5)in section
			 32909(b), by striking , except that a petition for review and
			 all that follows through referred to in section 32902(c)(2);
			 and
				(6)in section
			 32917(b)(1)(B), by striking or (c).
				(e)Effective date
			 and transition from existing standards
				(1)In
			 generalExcept as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made
			 by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this
			 Act.
				(2)Transition for
			 passenger automobilesThe standard or standards for passenger
			 automobiles under the authority of section 32902(b) of title 49, United States
			 Code, in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, shall
			 remain in effect until a standard for passenger automobiles is prescribed
			 pursuant to such section, as amended by this section.
				(3)Average fuel
			 economy standard for non-passenger automobiles in model years through
			 2011The average fuel economy standard for non-passenger
			 automobiles, under the authority of section 32902(a) of title 49, United States
			 Code, for model years through 2011, shall be the standard described in the
			 final rule issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
			 entitled Average Fuel Economy Standards for Light Trucks Model Years
			 2008–2011 (71 Fed. Reg. 17566), as amended in a notice published by the
			 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on April 14, 2006 (71 Fed. Reg.
			 19449).
				(f)Civil
			 penaltiesSection 32912 of title 49, United States Code, is
			 amended by adding at the end the following:

					(e)Fund for domestic
				commercialization and production of advanced technology vehicles and
				components(1)There shall be established in the Treasury
				of the United States a separate account to fund domestic commercialization and
				production of advanced technology vehicles and vehicle components. Civil
				penalties obtained under this section from any manufacturer that violates a
				standard prescribed for a model year under section 32902 of this chapter shall
				be credited to the separate account.
						(2)Amounts in the separate account shall
				be available, subject to annual appropriation, without regard to fiscal year
				limitation. Additional amounts may be appropriated to the account.
						(3)The Secretary is authorized to make
				grants from the separate account to automobile manufacturers and component
				suppliers to pay a portion of the cost to reequip or expand an existing
				manufacturing facility in the United States to produce advanced technology
				vehicles or components.
						(4)The Secretary shall deposit at the
				end of each fiscal year, in the United States Treasury as miscellaneous
				receipts, amounts in the separate account that the Secretary decides are in
				excess of the needs of the account. The Secretary may carry over funds to the
				following fiscal year, if the Secretary decides that the continued availability
				of the funds will be necessary to carry out the purposes of this
				subsection.
						(5)The Secretary shall promulgate regulations
				implementing this subsection in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and
				the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
				Agency.
						.
			2.Tire Fuel Efficiency
			 Consumer Information
			(a)In
			 generalChapter 323 of title 49, United States Code, is amended
			 by inserting after section 32304 the following new section:

					32304A.Tire Fuel
				Efficiency Consumer Information
						(a)Rulemaking(1)Not later than 18 months
				after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation
				shall, after notice and opportunity for comment, promulgate rules establishing
				a national tire fuel efficiency consumer information program for replacement
				tires designed for use on motor vehicles to educate consumers about the effect
				of replacement tires on automobile fuel efficiency.
							(2)Items included in
				ruleThe rulemaking shall include each of the following:
								(A)A national tire fuel efficiency rating
				system for motor vehicle replacement tires to assist consumers in making more
				educated tire purchasing decisions.
								(B)Requirements for providing information
				to consumers, including information at the point of sale of replacement tires
				and other potential information dissemination methods, including the
				internet.
								(C)Specifications for test methods for
				tire manufacturers to use in assessing and rating replacement tires to avoid
				variation among test equipment and manufacturers.
								(D)A national tire maintenance consumer
				education program including, information on tire inflation pressure, alignment,
				rotation, and tread wear to maximize fuel efficiency.
								(3)ApplicabilityThis section shall not apply to tires
				excluded from coverage under section 575.104(c)(2) of title 49, Code of Federal
				Regulations, as in effect on date of enactment of this section.
							(b)ConsultationThe
				Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of
				the Environmental Protection Agency on the means of conveying tire fuel
				efficiency consumer information.
						(c)Report to
				congressThe Secretary shall conduct periodic assessments of the
				rules promulgated under this section to determine the utility of such rules to
				consumers, the level of cooperation by industry, and the contribution to
				national goals pertaining to energy consumption. The Secretary shall transmit
				periodic reports detailing the findings of such assessments to the Committee on
				Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
				Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
						(d)PreemptionNothing in this section shall prohibit a
				State or political subdivision of a State from enforcing a law or regulation on
				tire fuel efficiency consumer information in effect on January 1, 2006. When a
				requirement under this section is in effect, a State or political subdivision
				of a State may adopt or enforce a law or regulation on tire fuel efficiency
				consumer information enacted after January 1, 2006, only if the law or
				regulation is identical to that requirement. Nothing in this section shall be
				construed to preempt a State or political subdivision of a State from
				regulating the fuel efficiency of tires not otherwise preempted under this
				chapter.
						.
			(b)EnforcementSection 32308 of such chapter is amended by
			 adding at the end the following:

					(e)Section
				32304AAny person who fails
				to comply with the national tire fuel efficiency consumer information program
				under section 32304A is liable to the United States Government for a civil
				penalty of not more than $50,000 for each
				violation.
					.
			(c)Table of
			 contentsThe table of
			 contents for chapter 301 of title 49 is amended by adding the following new
			 item after the item relating to section 32304:

						32304A. Tire fuel efficiency consumer
				information.

					.
			3.Fuel conservation
			 education program
			(a)PartnershipThe
			 Secretary of Transportation shall enter into a partnership with interested
			 industry groups, including groups from the automotive, gasoline refining, and
			 oil industries, and groups representing the public interest and consumers to
			 establish a public education campaign that provides information to United
			 States drivers about immediate measures that may be taken to conserve
			 transportation fuel.
			(b)AccessibilityThe
			 public information campaign under this section shall be targeted to reach the
			 widest audience possible. The education campaign may include television, print,
			 Internet website, or any other method designed to maximize the dissemination of
			 transportation fuel savings information to drivers.
			(c)Cost
			 SharingThe Secretary shall provide no more than 50 percent of
			 the cost of the campaign created under this section. The Secretary is
			 authorized to accept private funds to augment funds made available under this
			 subsection.
			(d)Authorization of
			 AppropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated to the
			 Secretary of Transportation such sums as may be necessary to carry out this
			 section.
			4.Extension of
			 Manufacturing credit for alternative fueled automobiles
			(a)Extension of
			 alternative fueled automobiles manufacturing incentiveSection 32905 of title 49, United States
			 Code, is amended—
				(1)by striking
			 1993–2010' each place it appears and inserting 1993
			 through 2020;
				(2)by striking
			 subsections (f) and (g); and redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (f);
			 and
				(3)by inserting after
			 subsection (f) (as so redesignated) the following:

						(g)DefinitionFor purposes of this section—
							(1)the term
				dedicated automobile includes an automobile that operates on
				diesel fuel blends containing not less than 20 percent non-petroleum-based fuel
				alternatives; and
							(2)the term dual fueled
				automobile includes an automobile warranted by the manufacturer of the
				vehicle to operate on any combination of gasoline or diesel fuel and on diesel
				fuel blends containing not less than 20 percent non-petroleum based fuel
				alternatives.
							.
				(b)Extension of
			 maximum increase periodSection 32906(a) of title 49, United
			 States Code, is amended—
				(1)by striking
			 1993–2010 and inserting 1993 through 2020;
				(2)in paragraph
			 (1)—
					(A)in subparagraph
			 (A), by striking (A); and
					(B)by striking
			 subparagraph (B); and
					(3)in paragraph (2),
			 by striking describ-ed— and all that follows and
			 inserting is more than 1.2 miles per gallon, the limitation in paragraph
			 (1) applies.


115 HR 5321 IH: Too Long; Didn’t Read Act of 2018
U.S. House of Representatives
2018-03-15
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

I115th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 5321IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESMarch 15, 2018Mr. Moulton (for himself, Mr. Meadows, and Mr. Loebsack) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government ReformA BILLTo improve communication from Federal agencies to individuals by requiring clear instructions, and
			 for other purposes.

 1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Too Long; Didn’t Read Act of 2018 or the TL; DR Act of 2018. 2.Responsibilities of Federal agenciesNot later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall develop and issue regulations that direct the head of each agency to provide a clearly marked section at the top of a communication (both hard copy and electronic) that the agency sends to an individual if such communication requires or authorizes such individual to take action. To the extent practicable as determined by the head of the relevant agency, the clearly marked section at the top of the first page shall include—
 (1)the action item; (2)if a response is required, optional, or not required;
 (3)the deadline, if applicable; (4)how to complete the action item; and
 (5)the agency’s contact information. 3.Reports to Congress (a)Initial reportNot later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall publish on the plain writing section of the agency’s website, maintained pursuant to section 4(a) of the Plain Writing Act of 2010 (5 U.S.C. 301 note), a report that describes the agency plan for compliance with the requirements of this Act.
 (b)Annual compliance reportNot later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the head of each agency shall publish on the plain writing section of the agency's website, maintained pursuant to section 4(a) of the Plain Writing Act of 2010 (5 U.S.C. 301 note), a report on agency compliance with the requirements of this Act.
 4.Agency definedIn this Act, the term agency means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code.


110 HCON 4 IH: Urging increased Federal funding for juvenile (Type 1) diabetes research.
U.S. House of Representatives
2007-01-04
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

IV
110th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. CON. RES. 4
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

January 4, 2007
Mr. Gene Green of Texas submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION
Urging increased Federal funding for juvenile (Type 1) diabetes research.

Whereas over 1.3 million Americans suffer from juvenile (Type 1) diabetes, a chronic, genetically determined, debilitating disease affecting every organ system;
Whereas 13,000 children a year—35 each day—are diagnosed with juvenile diabetes;
Whereas 17,000 adults a year—46 each day—are diagnosed with juvenile diabetes;
Whereas juvenile diabetes is one of the most costly chronic diseases of childhood;
Whereas insulin treats but does not cure this potentially deadly disease and does not prevent the complications of diabetes, which include blindness, heart attack, kidney failure, stroke, nerve damage, and amputations;
Whereas the Diabetes Research Working Group, a nonpartisan advisory board established to advise Congress, has called for an accelerated and expanded diabetes research program at the National Institutes of Health and has recommended a funding level of $1.6 billion at the NIH for diabetes research in 2004 and actual funding is only $946 million; and
Whereas a strong public-private partnership to fund juvenile diabetes exists between the Federal Government and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, a foundation which has awarded more than $800 million for diabetes research since 1970 and gave more than $85 million in fiscal year 2004: Now, therefore, be it

That Federal funding for diabetes research should be increased in accordance with the recommendations of the Diabetes Research Working Group so that a cure for juvenile diabetes can be found.


116 S3493 IS: Protect Our Military Families’ 2nd Amendment Rights Act
U.S. Senate
2020-03-12
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

II116th CONGRESS2d SessionS. 3493IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESMarch 12, 2020Mr. Rounds (for himself, Mrs. Loeffler, Mr. Graham, Mr. Tillis, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. Cruz, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Braun, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Risch, Mr. Lankford, Mr. Inhofe, Mr. Cramer, Mr. Enzi, Mr. Thune, Ms. Ernst, and Mr. Cotton) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the JudiciaryA BILLTo amend title 18, United States Code, to provide that a member of the Armed Forces and the spouse of that member shall have the same rights regarding the receipt of firearms at the location of any duty station of the member.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Protect Our Military Families’ 2nd Amendment Rights Act.2.Receipt of firearm or ammunition by spouse of member of the Armed Forces at a duty station of the member outside the United StatesSection 925(a)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—(1)by inserting or to the spouse of such a member before or to;(2)by striking members, and inserting members and spouses,;(3)by striking members or and inserting members, spouses, or; and(4)by striking member or and inserting member, spouse, or.3.Residency of spouses of members of the Armed Forces to be determined on the same basis as the residency of such members for purposes of Federal firearms lawsSection 921 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:(b)For purposes of this chapter, a member of the Armed Forces on active duty, or a spouse of such a member, is a resident of—(1)the State in which the member or spouse maintains legal residence;(2)the State in which the permanent duty station of the member is located; and(3)the State in which the member maintains a place of abode from which the member commutes each day to the permanent duty station of the member..4.Effective dateThe amendments made by this Act shall apply to conduct that occurs 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.


		II
		110th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		S. 342
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED
		  STATES

			January 22, 2007
			Mr. Voinovich (for
			 himself, Mr. Akaka,
			 Mr. Lugar, Ms.
			 Mikulski, and Mr. Stevens)
			 introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
			 Committee on the
			 Judiciary

		A BILL
		To expand visa waiver program to countries
		  on a probationary basis and for other purposes.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Secure Travel and Counterterrorism
			 Partnership Act.
		2.Sense of CongressIt is the sense of Congress that the United
			 States should expand the visa waiver program to extend visa-free travel
			 privileges to nationals of foreign countries that are allies in the war on
			 terrorism as that expansion will—
			(1)enhance bilateral cooperation on critical
			 counterterrorism and information sharing initiatives;
			(2)support and expand tourism and business
			 opportunities to enhance long-term economic competitiveness; and
			(3)strengthen bilateral relationships.
			3.Visa waiver program expansionSection 217(c) of the Immigration and
			 Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1187(c)) is amended by adding at the end the
			 following:

				(8)Probationary participation of program
				countries
					(A)Requirement to establishNotwithstanding any other provision of this
				section and not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the
				Secure Travel and Counterterrorism
				Partnership Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in
				consultation with the Secretary of State, shall establish a pilot program to
				permit not more than 5 foreign countries that are not designated as program
				countries under paragraph (1) to participate in the program.
					(B)Designation as a probationary program
				countryA foreign country is
				eligible to participate in the program under this paragraph if—
						(i)the Secretary of Homeland Security
				determines that such participation will not compromise the security or law
				enforcement interests of the United States;
						(ii)that country is close to meeting all the
				requirements of paragraph (2) and other requirements for designation as a
				program country under this section and has developed a feasible strategic plan
				to meet all such requirements not later than 3 years after the date the country
				begins participation in the program under this paragraph;
						(iii)that country meets all the requirements
				that the Secretary determines are appropriate to ensure the security and
				integrity of travel documents, including requirements to issue electronic
				passports that include biometric information and to promptly report lost,
				stolen, or fraudulent passports to the Government of the United States;
						(iv)that country cooperated with the Government
				of the United States on counterterrorism initiatives and information sharing
				before the date of the enactment of this paragraph; and
						(v)that country has entered into an agreement
				with the Government of the United States by which that country agrees to
				further advance United States security interests by implementing such
				additional counterterrorism cooperation and information sharing measures as may
				be requested by the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
				Secretary of State.
						(C)Considerations for country
				selection
						(i)Visa refusal ratesThe Secretary of Homeland Security may
				consider the rate of refusals of nonimmigrant visitor visas for nationals of a
				foreign country in determining whether to permit that country to participate in
				the program under this paragraph but may not refuse to permit that country to
				participate in the program under this paragraph solely on the basis of such
				rate unless the Secretary determines that such rate is a security concern to
				the United States.
						(ii)Overstay
				ratesThe Secretary of
				Homeland Security may consider the rate at which nationals of a foreign country
				violate the terms of their visas by remaining in the United States after the
				expiration of such a visa in determining whether to permit that country to
				participate in the program under this paragraph.
						(D)Term of participation
						(i)Initial probationary termA foreign country may participate in the
				program under this paragraph for an initial term of 3 years.
						(ii)Extension of participationThe Secretary of Homeland Security, in
				consultation with the Secretary of State, may permit a country to participate
				in the program under this paragraph after the expiration of the initial term
				described in clause (i) for 1 additional period of not more than 2 years if
				that country—
							(I)has demonstrated significant progress
				toward meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) and all other requirements for
				designation as a program country under this section;
							(II)has submitted a plan for meeting the
				requirements of paragraph (2) and all other requirements for designation as a
				program country under this section; and
							(III)continues to be determined not to
				compromise the security or law enforcement interests of the United
				States.
							(iii)Termination of participationThe Secretary of Homeland Security may
				terminate the participation of a country in the program under this paragraph at
				any time if the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State,
				determines that the country—
							(I)is not in compliance with the requirements
				of this paragraph; or
							(II)is not able to demonstrate significant and
				quantifiable progress, on an annual basis, toward meeting the requirements of
				paragraph (2) and all other requirements for designation as a program country
				under this section.
							(E)Technical assistanceThe Secretary of Homeland Security, in
				consultation with the Secretary of State, shall provide technical guidance to a
				country that participates in the program under this paragraph to assist that
				country in meeting the requirements of paragraph (2) and all other requirements
				for designation as a program country under this section.
					(F)Reporting requirements
						(i)Annual reportThe Secretary of Homeland Security, in
				consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to Congress an annual
				report on the implementation of this paragraph.
						(ii)Final assessmentNot later than 30 days after the date that
				the foreign country's participation in the program under this paragraph
				terminates, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the
				Secretary of State, shall submit a final assessment to Congress regarding the
				implementation of this paragraph. Such final assessment shall contain the
				recommendations of the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of
				State regarding permitting additional foreign countries to participate in the
				program under this
				paragraph.
						.
		4.Calculation of the rates of visa
			 overstaysNot later than 1
			 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland
			 Security shall develop and implement procedures to improve the manner in which
			 the rates of nonimmigrants who violate the terms of their visas by remaining in
			 the United States after the expiration of such a visa are calculated.
		5.Reports
			(a)Visa feesNot later than 1 year after the date of the
			 enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
			 review the fee structure for visas issued by the United States and submit to
			 Congress a report on that structure, including any recommendations of the
			 Comptroller General for improvements to that structure.
			(b)Secure travel standardsNot later than 1 year after the date of the
			 enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in conjunction with
			 the Secretary of State, shall submit a report to Congress that describes plans
			 for enhancing secure travel standards for existing visa waiver program
			 countries, including the feasibility of instituting an electronic authorization
			 travel system, additional passenger information exchanges, and enhanced airport
			 security standards.
			6.Authorization of
			 appropriationsThere are
			 authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the
			 fiscal years 2007 through 2013 to carry out this Act and the amendment made by
			 this Act.


113 S1436 IS: One Percent Spending Reduction Act of 2013
U.S. Senate
2013-08-01
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

		II
		113th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		S. 1436
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

			August 1, 2013
			Mr. Enzi (for himself,
			 Mr. Paul, Mr.
			 Vitter, Mr. Barrasso,
			 Mr. Risch, Mr.
			 Isakson, and Mr. Rubio)
			 introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
			 Committee on the
			 Budget

		A BILL
		To prevent a fiscal crisis by enacting
		  legislation to balance the Federal budget through reductions of discretionary
		  and mandatory spending.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 One Percent Spending Reduction Act of
			 2013.
		2.Congressional
			 findings and purpose
			(a)FindingsThe
			 Congress finds the following:
				(1)The fiscal crisis
			 faced by the Federal Government demands immediate action.
				(2)The dramatic
			 growth in spending and debt in recent years threatens our economic and national
			 security:
					(A)Federal spending
			 has grown from 18 percent of GDP in 2001 to nearly 23 percent of GDP in
			 2012.
					(B)Total Federal debt
			 exceeds $16,000,000,000,000 and is projected to increase each year over the
			 next 10 years.
					(C)Without action,
			 the Federal Government will continue to run massive deficits in the next decade
			 and total Federal debt will rise to approximately $25,000,000,000,000 by
			 2023.
					(D)Interest payments
			 on this debt will soon rise to the point where balancing the budget as a matter
			 of policy is beyond the reach of Congress.
					(3)Due to recent tax
			 hikes, Federal revenues are scheduled to rise to approximately 19 percent of
			 GDP, a full percentage point above the average of about 18 percent of GDP over
			 the past 40 years.
				(4)Absent reform, the
			 growth of Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and other health-related
			 spending will overwhelm all other Federal programs and consume all projected
			 tax revenues.
				(b)PurposeThe
			 purpose of this Act is to address the fiscal crisis by—
				(1)acting quickly to
			 balance the Federal budget and eliminate the parade of deficits and ballooning
			 interest payments;
				(2)achieving balance
			 by reducing spending one percent per year until spending equals projected
			 long-term revenues; and
				(3)reforming
			 entitlement programs to ensure long-term fiscal stability and balance.
				3.Establishment and
			 enforcement of spending caps
			(a)Outlay
			 capsThe Balanced Budget and
			 Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 253
			 the following new section:

					253A.Establishing
				outlay caps
						(a)Outlay
				capsIn this section, the
				term outlay cap means:
							(1)Fiscal year
				2014For fiscal year 2014, the aggregate outlays (less net
				interest payments) for fiscal year 2014 shall be $3,233,000,000,000, less one
				percent.
							(2)Fiscal year
				2015For fiscal year 2015,
				the aggregate outlays (less net interest payments) for fiscal year 2015 shall
				be the amount computed under paragraph (1), less one percent.
							(3)Fiscal year 2016
				and subsequent fiscal years(A)For fiscal year 2016 and
				each subsequent fiscal year, the aggregate outlays shall be 19 percent of the
				gross domestic product for that fiscal year as estimated by OMB prior to March
				of the previous fiscal year.
								(B)Notwithstanding paragraph (A), for any
				fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2017, the aggregate projected outlays
				may not be less than the aggregate projected outlays for the preceding fiscal
				year.
								(b)Sequestration
							(1)In
				general
								(A)Excess
				spendingNot later than 45 calendar days after the beginning of a
				fiscal year, OMB shall conduct a sequestration to eliminate the excess outlay
				amount.
								(B)Definitions
									(i)For fiscal years
				2014 and 2015 and for purposes of this subsection, the term excess outlay
				amount means the amount by which total projected Federal outlays (less
				net interest payments) for a fiscal year exceeds the outlay cap for that fiscal
				year.
									(ii)For fiscal year
				2016 and in subsequent fiscal years and for purposes of this subsection, the
				term excess outlay amount means the amount by which total
				projected Federal outlays for a fiscal year exceeds the outlay cap for that
				fiscal year.
									(2)Sequestration
								(A)On August 15 of
				each year, CBO shall issue a sequestration preview report as described in
				section 254(c)(4).
								(B)On August 20 of
				each year, OMB shall issue a sequestration preview report as described in
				section 254(c)(4).
								(C)On October 31 of
				each year, OMB shall issue its final sequestration report as described in
				section 254(f)(3). It shall be accompanied by a Presidential order detailing
				uniform spending reductions equal to the excess outlay amount as defined in
				this section.
								(D)The reductions
				shall generally follow the process set forth in sections 253 and 254, except as
				provided in this section.
								(3)Congressional
				actionIf the August 20 OMB report projects a sequestration, the
				Committees on Budget of the Senate and House of Representatives may report a
				resolution directing their committees to change the existing law to achieve the
				spending reductions outlined in the August 20 report necessary to meet the
				outlay limits.
							(c)No exempt
				programsSection 255 and section 256 shall not apply to this
				section, except that payments for net interest (budget function 900) shall be
				exempt from the spending reductions under sequestration.
						(d)Look
				backIf, after November 14, a bill resulting in outlays for the
				fiscal year in progress is enacted that causes excess outlays, the excess
				outlay amount for the next fiscal year shall be increased by the amount or
				amounts of that
				breach.
						.
			(b)Conforming
			 amendments to BBEDCA
				(1)Sequestration
			 preview reportsSection 254(c)(4) of the Balanced Budget and
			 Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended to read as follows:

						(4)Outlay cap
				sequestration reportsThe
				preview reports shall set forth for the budget year estimates for the
				following:
							(A)(i)For each of budget years
				2014 and 2015: the aggregate projected outlays (less net interest payments),
				less one percent.
								(ii)For budget year 2016 and each
				subsequent budget year: the estimated gross domestic product (GDP) for that
				budget year.
								(B)The amount of
				reductions required under section 253A.
							(C)The sequestration
				percentage necessary to achieve the required reduction under section
				253A.
							.
				(2)Final
			 sequestration reportsSection 254(f) of the Balanced Budget and
			 Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by inserting at the end the
			 following:

						(6)Outlay caps
				sequestration reportsThe
				final reports shall contain all the information required in the outlay cap
				sequestration preview reports. In addition, these reports shall contain, for
				the budget year, for each account to be sequestered, estimates of the baseline
				level of sequestrable budgetary resources and resulting outlays and the amount
				of budgetary sources to be sequestered and result in outlay reductions. The
				reports shall also contain estimates of the effects on outlays on the
				sequestration of each outyear for direct spending
				programs.
						.
				(c)EnforcementTitle III of the Congressional Budget Act
			 of 1974 is amended by adding after section 315 the following:

					316.Enforcement
				procedures
						(a)Outlay
				capsIt shall not be in order
				in the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill, joint
				resolution, amendment, or conference report that includes any provision that
				would cause the most recently reported, current outlay cap set forth in section
				253A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 to be
				breached.
						(b)Waiver or
				suspension
							(1)In the
				SenateThe provisions of this section may be waived or suspended
				in the Senate only by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the Members, duly
				chosen and sworn.
							(2)In the
				HouseThe provisions of this section may be waived or suspended
				in the House of Representatives only by a rule or order proposing only to waive
				such provisions by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the Members, duly
				chosen and sworn.
							(c)Point of order
				protectionIn the House, it shall not be in order to consider a
				rule or order that waives the application of paragraph (2) of subsection
				(b).
						(d)Motion To
				suspendIt shall not be in order for the Speaker to entertain a
				motion to suspend the application of this section under clause 1 of rule
				XV.
						.
			4.Conforming
			 amendmentsThe table of
			 contents set forth in—
			(1)section 1(b) of
			 the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 is amended by
			 inserting after the item relating to section 315 the following new item:

						Sec. 316. Enforcement
				procedures.

					;
				and(2)section 250(a) of the Balanced Budget and
			 Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after the item
			 relating to section 253 the following new item:

						Sec. 253A. Establishing outlay
				caps.

					.
			5.Effective
			 dateThis Act and the
			 amendments made by it shall apply to fiscal year 2014 and subsequent fiscal
			 years, including any reports and calculations required for implementation in
			 fiscal year 2014.


115 SRES 385 ATS: Supporting the observation of “National Trafficking and Modern Slavery Prevention Month” during the period beginning on January 1, 2018, and ending on February 1, 2018, to raise awareness of, and opposition to, human trafficking and modern slavery.
U.S. Senate
2018-01-29
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

		III
		115th CONGRESS
		2d Session
		S. RES. 385
		IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

			January 29, 2018
			Mrs. Feinstein (for herself, Mr. Grassley, Mr. Leahy, Mr. Cornyn, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Isakson, Mr. Markey, Mr. Toomey, Ms. Heitkamp, Mr. Rubio, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Blumenthal, and Mr. Brown) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

		February 7, 2018Committee discharged; considered and agreed toRESOLUTION
		Supporting the observation of National Trafficking and Modern Slavery Prevention Month during the period beginning on January 1, 2018, and ending on February 1, 2018, to raise awareness
			 of, and opposition to, human trafficking and modern slavery.

 Whereas the United States abolished the transatlantic slave trade in 1808 and abolished chattel slavery and prohibited involuntary servitude in 1865;
 Whereas, because the people of the United States remain committed to protecting individual freedom, there is a national imperative to eliminate human trafficking and modern slavery, which is commonly considered to mean—
 (1)the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of an individual through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjecting that individual to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery; or
 (2)the inducement of a commercial sex act by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the individual induced to perform that act is younger than 18 years of age;
 Whereas the Department of Justice has reported that human trafficking and modern slavery has been reported and investigated in each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia;
 Whereas, to help businesses in the United States combat child labor and forced labor in global supply chains, the Department of Labor has identified 139 goods from 75 countries that are made by child labor and forced labor;
 Whereas the Department of State has reported that the top 3 countries of origin of federally identified trafficking victims in 2016 were the United States, Mexico, and the Philippines;
 Whereas, to combat human trafficking and modern slavery in the United States and globally, the people of the United States, the Federal Government, and State and local governments must be—
 (1)aware of the realities of human trafficking and modern slavery; and (2)dedicated to stopping the horrific enterprise of human trafficking and modern slavery;
 Whereas the United States should hold accountable all individuals, groups, organizations, and countries that support, advance, or commit acts of human trafficking and modern slavery;
 Whereas, through education, the United States must also work to end human trafficking and modern slavery in all forms in the United States and around the world;
 Whereas victims of human trafficking and modern slavery should receive the necessary resources and social services to escape, and recover from, the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual trauma associated with their victimization;
 Whereas human traffickers use many physical and psychological techniques to control a victim, including—
 (1)the use of violence or threats of violence against the victim or the family of the victim; (2)isolation of the victim from the public;
 (3)isolation of the victim from the family and religious or ethnic community of the victim; (4)exploitation of language and cultural barriers;
 (5)shame; (6)control of the possessions of the victim;
 (7)confiscation of the passport and other identification documents of the victim; and (8)threats of arrest, deportation, or imprisonment if the victim attempts to reach out for assistance or to escape;
 Whereas, although laws to prosecute perpetrators of human trafficking and to assist and protect victims of human trafficking and modern slavery, such as the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), title XII of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (Public Law 113–4; 127 Stat. 136), the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.), the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 (Public Law 114–22; 129 Stat. 227), and the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2000), have been enacted in the United States, it is essential to increase public awareness, particularly amongst individuals who are most likely to come into contact with victims of human trafficking and modern slavery, regarding conditions and dynamics of human trafficking and modern slavery precisely because traffickers use techniques that are designed to severely limit self-reporting and evade law enforcement;
 Whereas January 1 is the anniversary of the effective date of the Emancipation Proclamation; Whereas February 1 is—
 (1)the anniversary of the date on which President Abraham Lincoln signed the joint resolution sending the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States to the States for ratification to forever declare that Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude … shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction; and
 (2)a date that has long been celebrated as National Freedom Day, as described in section 124 of title 36, United States Code; and Whereas, under the authority of Congress to enforce the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States by appropriate legislation, Congress, through the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), updated the post-Civil War involuntary servitude and slavery statutes and adopted an approach of victim protection, vigorous prosecution, and prevention of human trafficking, commonly known as the 3P approach: Now, therefore, be it

 That the Senate supports— (1)observing National Trafficking and Modern Slavery Prevention Month during the period beginning on January 1, 2018, and ending on February 1, 2018, to recognize the vital role that the people of the United States have in ending human trafficking and modern slavery;
 (2)marking the observation of National Trafficking and Modern Slavery Prevention Month with appropriate programs and activities, culminating in the observance on February 1, 2018, of National Freedom Day, as described in section 124 of title 36, United States Code; and (3)all other efforts to prevent, eradicate, and raise awareness of, and opposition to, human trafficking and modern slavery.


		I
		112th CONGRESS
		1st Session
		H. R. 415
		IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

			January 25, 2011
			Mr. Cohen (for
			 himself, Mr. Hinchey,
			 Ms. Jackson Lee of Texas,
			 Mr. Davis of Illinois,
			 Mr. Jackson of Illinois,
			 Mr. Payne,
			 Mr. Rangel,
			 Ms. Lee of California,
			 Mr. Markey, and
			 Ms. Norton) introduced the following
			 bill; which was referred to the Committee
			 on Education and the Workforce

		A BILL
		To amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
		  1965 to allow a local educational agency that receives a subgrant under section
		  2121 of such Act to use the funds to provide professional development
		  activities that train school personnel about restorative justice and conflict
		  resolution.

		1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the
			 Restorative Justice in Schools Act of
			 2011.
		2.Restorative justice
			 trainingSection 2123(a)(3)(B)
			 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6623(a)(3)(B))
			 is amended—
			(1)in clause (iv), by
			 striking and at the end;
			(2)in clause (v), by
			 striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and
			(3)by adding at the
			 end the following:

					(vi)provide training about restorative justice
				and conflict
				resolution.
					.