 I should like to extend to the President my heartfelt congratulations on his election to that high office and responsibility. It gives me particular pleasure to have this opportunity to do so as our two countries have traditionally promoted bonds of friendship and co-operation. I should also like to express the sincere appreciation of my delegation to the President of the twenty-ninth regular session and seventh special session of the General Assembly, Mr. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who guided those important sessions very successfully and imbued the proceedings with the dynamism of his personality and of the non-aligned policy of his country.
159.	It is with great pleasure that I welcome the admission of new Members to the United Nations: the People's Republic of Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, and the Republic of Cape Verde. Their admission symbolizes both new victories of the liberation struggle of peoples for freedom and independence and the right of all States to participate, on an equal footing, in the affairs of the international community. We expect that we shall soon have the opportunity to welcome here the representatives of independent Angola, which is now encountering great difficulties caused by interference from external factors taking advantage of the discord and conflict among the internal political forces of Angola.
160.	Regrettably, the admission of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam and the Republic of South Viet Nam has been prevented by the use of the veto in the Security Council, contrary to the positions and demands of most of the States Members of the United Nations. Thus, membership was denied to the two Republics of Viet Nam, whose people had made an inestimable contribution to the strengthening of the principles that constitute the essence of the United Nations.
161.	The current session coincides with the thirtieth anniversary of the United Nations, which emerged as a result of the great struggle of the peoples against fascism, whose aim was to subjugate countries and peoples and to smother the freedom and destroy the dignity of man. Therefore the United Nations from the very outset, notwithstanding the weaknesses which reflect the contradictions of the contemporary world, has embodied all the fundamental values that express the most profound aspirations of mankind to peace, freedom and progress.
162.	This session is taking place in a period of very important international conferences, such as the recent Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non
Aligned Countries at Lima, the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, the world conferences on population, food, the law. of the sea and the International Women's Year, the Second Conference of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the seventh special session of the General Assembly. These gatherings reflect an involvement of peoples and countries in the concerted effort to create conditions for equitable international cooperation unprecedented in history. The non-aligned countries are making a decisive contribution to all these important endeavors to eliminate the anachronistic relations and structures based on force, subjugation and exploitation, and to establish new and more just economic and political relationships.
163.	On behalf of my delegation, I should like to single out in particular the constructive contribution of non-aligned countries to the resolution of key issues on the agenda of this session of the General Assembly. By increasingly reflecting the need for a world united on the basis of common interests and problems, non-alignment has become a world policy, or, as stated in the Lima documents, an active option of all countries striving for independence, equality, peace, economic and social progress and democratic relations among States. This is also clearly emphasized by the interest in the policy of non-alignment displayed by an ever-growing number of countries from various geographical areas, of differing political systems and levels of development.
164.	At Lima, as on previous occasions, the non- aligned countries took the position that the key problems besetting the contemporary world can be solved, not within the framework of closed groupings, irrespective of their strength, but only by the broadest international co-operation and sharing of responsibility within the context of equitable relations among peoples and countries.
165.	We should like all international factors to appreciate fully this basic message of Lima. The non- aligned countries, as a universal factor influencing ever more directly the over-all development of international relations, have already assumed their share of responsibility for resolving international issues of interest to the international community in general. They again confirmed this by their contribution at the seventh special session of the General Assembly.
166.	The strategy of the policy of non-alignment in the struggle for peace, equality, and economic and social progress proceeds from a realistic assessment of the role of all international factors exercising a crucial influence on the development of international relations and general development in the world, and thereby of the role of the big Powers and relations between them. This strategy also realistically appraises the major changes in the relation of forces, one of the most characteristic features of which is the emergence of the non-aligned countries and their ever-growing unity, as well as the solidarity of developing countries a solidarity that is increasingly reflected in activities aimed at solving current international economic problems.
167.	It is our deep conviction that no strategy for solving international problems that fails to take into account such international factors as the non-aligned and developing countries and their solidarity can achieve lasting success.
168.	We are likewise convinced that solidarity and mutual co-operation among non-aligned countries, as well as among developing ones, is of the utmost importance for the safeguarding of peace, the promotion jf more equitable international relations and the settlement of pressing international issues. Moreover, we believe that any attempt to destroy this unity and solidarity, which is based on common aspirations ind interests that always outweigh the differences :hat may exist among them or that may arise over specific issues, is doomed to failure.
169.	The current session of the General Assembly s taking place in a year of highly significant developments that reflect the complex processes in t^e world ts well as broad and intensive efforts aimed at creating conditions for the solution of international problems hrough equitable international co-operation.
170.	A characteristic of the present-day world is he growing activity of forces which refuse to accept iny relationships based on inequality and dependence. iVe are witnessing continuing change in the world generated by the success of the struggle of peoples >n all continents for independent national and progressive social development and for a substantive transformation of political and economic relations and structures.
E71, The victory of the peoples of Viet Nam, Cambodia and Laos, the mortal blows dealt to the colonial system in Africa, the successes of Latin American countries in the battle to strengthen their political ind economic independence, and the democratic ind progressive changes made in the internal relations )f many countries are vital factors constantly altering he relation of forces in favor of liberation, progress ind peace. The international community has made major strides towards identifying the issues relative the new international economic order and has taken initial steps towards its establishment. The successful conclusion of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe has significantly encouraged he relaxation of tension.
72. These positive processes and results have to some extent moved mankind away from a world war, must they have not secured a lasting peace for all countries. There are still bloc and other divisions in the world, as well as profound economic inequalities and vast social differences. The practice of obstructing positive processes by force, sanctioning interference internal affairs and attempting to legalize this practice is being pursued intensively. Imperialist, neo-colonialist and hegemonistic pretensions are not diminishing, and in some areas are even gaining strength. The world economic situation is deteriorating, while the position of the developing countries particularly adverse. The arms race continues unabated. Some of the most dangerous crises remain unresolved or are being aggravated, while new ones threaten to flare up. The process of detente is still omitted. Such a development calls for the urgent and resolute involvement of the entire international
community in the settlement of outstanding inter-national issues and the establishment of more just
economic and political relations upon which alone a
stable peace and the unhampered development of all countries can be founded.
173.	Yugoslavia, as a European, non-aligned, socialist country, attaches exceptional importance to the outstanding results of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, held at Helsinki, and for this reason we wish to draw due attention to that Conference at the current session also. The Final Act of the Conference not only indicates the progress achieved with regard to the relaxation of tension in Europe but also outlines conditions for the further deepening and extension of that progress to other areas of the world and to all spheres of international relations.
174.	The President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito, in his statement at the Helsinki Conference said, inter alia:
"Our attention should now focus on the implementation of the decisions contained in the documents that we are going to adopt ... We shall thereby be making an important contribution towards realizing the objectives of the Charter of the United Nations, which, in a great measure, have also inspired this Conference."
175.	My delegation believes that it will be necessary to exert persistent efforts with a view to ensuring that the decisions contained in the Final Act will not only be implemented consistently and fully and become an integral part of international life but also become a creative lever for the democratic transformation of the world and for the overcoming of existing bloc and other divisions, both in mutual relations among the participating States and in their relations with other countries and regions in the world. Consequently, the stress laid on the relations of Europe with the rest of the world is of great significance because, parallel with changed relations within Europe itself, it is necessary to ensure Europe's ever more effective contribution to progressive and peaceful processes in the present-day world.
176.	Yugoslavia endeavored from the outset to ensure that the Conference should reflect the close interdependence of European security with security in the broader area of the Mediterranean and the Middle East, and that the participants in the Conference should contribute to solving development problems and other international issues in a spirit of equality and respect for the interests of all countries.
177.	Yugoslavia is aware of its great responsibility  both as a participant in the Helsinki Conference and as host to the next Conference, to be held at Belgrade in 1977 to contribute as much as possible, through its initiatives, to the realization of the principles and positions formulated in the Final Act.
178.	I wish to stress in particular that my country, which has consistently pursued a policy of good- neighborly relations, will, by relying now also upon the Final Act, make even greater endeavors to strengthen all-round co-operation with its neighbors.
179.	I also wish to point out that we hope that the documents of the Helsinki Conference will stimulate broader co-operation among the countries of the region in which my country is located, more specifically among the Balkan and Mediterranean States. For its
part, Yugoslavia will strive to contribute to the utmost towards the development of such co-operation as will be significant and beneficial to all the countries of these regions.
180.	The Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Lima, devoted special attention to the problems of the Middle East, Palestine and Cyprus, to the acceleration of the decolonization process in Africa, to the struggle against apartheid and racial discrimination, to the problem of Korea, to the problems of Latin America and the Caribbean, to the situation in the region of the Indian Ocean, to the problems of disarmament, to the problems of international economic relations, to the position of developing countries, and so on. It expressed its solidarity with all peoples under colonial domination in their struggle for liberation and emphasized the necessity for lending assistance to the peoples of Viet Nam, Cambodia and Laos for the rehabilitation of their countries devastated by war.
181.	All the final documents of the Lima Conference have been distributed as a document of the United Nations [At 10217 and Corr.I], and the Foreign Minister of Peru, General de la Flor Valle, very ably presented the positions and decisions of the Conference to the seventh special and the present session of the General Assembly.
182.	If I were to outline in this the most important world forum the viewpoints of Yugoslavia on the most important issues on the agenda of our current session, I should have to repeat many positions taken by the Lima Conference, since my country contributed, within the limits of its possibilities, to the formulation of these positions and decisions, and will therefore continue to work even more resolutely, through its entire foreign policy activity, towards their implementation.
183.	I should like now to refer to some of the crises and problems which I mentioned earlier.
184.	The situation in the Middle East constitutes a source of most immediate danger for peace in the region and in the world. The responsibility of Israel for its policy of constant aggression, occupation and denial of the national rights of the people of Palestine has long since been established. If Israel persists in its present behavior, then nothing else remains but to take resolute steps, including such measures as are provided for under Chapter VII of the Charter to compel it to implement the relevant resolutions of the United Nations.
185.	The agreement on disengagement in Sinai initialed recently represents a new, important development which could constitute a positive step towards the establishment of a durable peace, provided it accelerates the movement towards a just and comprehensive settlement based on the withdrawal of Israel from all territories occupied after 5 June 1967 and on the implementation of the legitimate national rights of the people of Palestine, including its right to establish its own State, as a basic pre-condition of guaranteeing the independence and security of all the peoples and countries in the region. We believe that there should not be a stalemate after the present step, r nsJ°uldt there ^ any long delay in undertaking the next steps towards the settlement of the crisis- otherwise a new, dangerous aggravation of the situation may occur in the Middle East.
186.	The merit of each step taken towards finding a solution to the problem of the Middle East must be measured by the extent to which it contributes to the attainment of the national rights of the Palestinian people. Unless substantive progress is soon made towards this end it will become impossible to take any decisive step towards a lasting settlement of the Middle East crisis. It is precisely the fact that no progress has been made in this respect that is causing the gravest concern. My delegation attaches great significance to the position taken by the Lima Conference, namely, that the non-aligned countries should commit themselves directly and positively to the search for a lasting and just settlement of the Middle East crisis.
187.	Respect for and the ensuring of the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-aligned status of the Republic of Cyprus is a constant concern and responsibility of the United Nations. My country, therefore, resolutely urges the speedy implementation of the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council. The non-aligned countries reaffirmed their full solidarity with non-aligned Cyprus at their recent Conference. We proceed from the belief that the solution to this problem can be found only on the basis of resolution 3212 (XXIX), a resolution unanimously adopted by the General Assembly, since all the parties directly involved voted in its favor. This resolution represents the only generally accepted basis for the settlement of the Cyprus crisis, through the equal, mutual agreement of the two Cypriot communities. It was submitted to the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly by the group of non-aligned countries.
188.	In this connexion, the contact group of five non-aligned countries for good offices played a very constructive role. In the meantime, the group continues to be active and remains willing, within the framework of its mandate, to contribute further to this end. As a country maintaining friendly relations with Cyprus, Greece and Turkey and belonging to the same geographic area, and, naturally, as a non-aligned country and a member of the contact group, Yugoslavia has from the beginning been actively engaged in the search for a lasting and just settlement of the Cyprus problem.
189.	Despite the major steps taken towards a definitive dismantling of the colonial system, the imperialist and neo-colonialist forces persist in their efforts to preserve as many of their remaining positions as possible. This is attested to by the involvement of these forces in Angola and by the support they extend overtly or covertly to the Republic of South Africa, its occupation of Namibia, the racist regime in Southern Rhodesia and so on, all of which are situations constantly fraught with the danger of a crisis of world dimensions. Now more than ever before, a mere general moral and political condemnation of colonial and racist systems is no longer sufficient. Today it is necessary to move to concrete and resolute actions against colonialism, racism and apartheid, utilizing in this all the possibilities in extending effective assistance to the national liberation movements and to the Organization of African Unity with a view to achieving the complete liberation of the African continent.
190.	The artificial perpetuation of the division of Korea not only constitutes a denial of the inalienable right of the Korean people to unification but also endangers peace and security in Asia and in the world. For these reasons, we support the policy of the non- aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which has opted for peaceful unification without outside interference. It is indispensable to abolish the United Nations Command, to withdraw all foreign troops from Korea and to create conditions for transforming the armistice agreement into a treaty on durable peace. Only by removing every foreign influence will it be possible to create conditions in which the North and the South of Korea will find a solution on the basis of the three principles of national reunification contained in the joint communique of 4 July 1972.5
191.	The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are making an exceptionally important contribution towards the contemporary processes of national and social emancipation and progress in the world through their struggle against neocolonialism and for the eradication of colonial enclaves, for the exercise of sovereignty over all their natural resources, for the broadest, free and equitable international co-operation.
192.	The countries of this region, which are at the same time exposed to various pressures by forces that do not favor these processes, deserve the full support and solidarity of the international community. We particularly support the struggle of the people of Chile against the Fascist dictatorship of the military junta, as well as the right of Panama and Cuba to establish full sovereignty over their national territories.
193.	The fact that the essential questions of disarmament have not yet been moved off dead centre and that the arms race, especially the nuclear arms race, is spreading and accelerating fearfully, not only brings into question all the results achieved so far in reducing tensions, and becomes the source of new relationships of monopoly and domination, but constantly keeps the world on the brink of nuclear catastrophe. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons {resolution 2373 (XXII), annex] has remained, in the final analysis, an instrument of monopoly for the production of nuclear weapons and the development of nuclear technology. The provisions of this Treaty were strictly adhered to only by the signatory countries which do not possess nuclear weapons and nuclear technology. An extremely unfavorable effect also results from the tendency to withdraw the disarmament negotiations from the direct influence of the United Nations, transferring them to other institutions, or bilateral channels which, in spite of possible partial solutions, cannot replace the United Nations.
194.	My delegation believes that it is high time that we reverse the trend and reach a turning-point in solving this fateful problem which affects all areas of international relations. It is in the most vital interest of all nations that the arms race be halted at the earliest possible time and that the process of general and complete disarmament start. We, together with many other countries, therefore call for the most urgent convening of a world conference on disarmament and, if this continues to be hindered, we believe that it is necessary to hold a special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament, as requested also by the Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries at Lima, where the great majority of the States Members of the United Nations were represented. The General Assembly must take the initiative and accept the responsibilities entrusted to it by the Charter instead of remaining paralyzed by the differences of views of the big Powers.
195.	The adoption of the Declaration and the Program of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order [resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and3202 {S-VI)] marked an orientation towards a fundamental change in the existing system of international economic relations. The seventh special session of the Genera] Assembly of the United Nations, the initiative for which was given by the Fourth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries, held at Algiers, represents an effort to implement the resolutions of the sixth special session.
196.	The results of the seventh special session, taken as a whole, are an important step in the right direction, both in changing the position of the developing countries in the world economy and in the interest of the entire international community. The immediate and potential significance of the unanimously adopted resolutions of the seventh special session is that these resolutions have established priorities, indicated specific courses of action, pre-scribed negotiating forums and set a time-table for the execution of a number of measures all based on principles and criteria which until yesterday were not acceptable to certain developed countries whose role in the development of the world economy and international relations is of particularly great importance,
197.	We should like to believe that the seventh special session has opened a new phase in the relations between the developed and the developing countries. The further development of these relations will depend on how and when the agreements reached at the seventh special session are carried out, how and when we shall go beyond them towards the full implementation of all the essential decisions of the sixth special session, for which particular responsibility rests on the developed countries.
198.	Although the results achieved in certain vital areas are still far from what the developing countries proposed and rightly expected, and although almost all the most important differences of principle remain primarily regarding the nature of the new international economic relations, the document adopted by consensus at the seventh special session of the General Assembly [resolution 3362 (S-VIF)] is in itself an extremely important politically agreed framework and basis for further activity, within the United Nations system, towards achieving concrete agreements containing obligations for their implementation.
199.	Having this in mind, we consider it essential to follow most closely the implementation of the agreement reached, which should evolve in all the organs and organizations of the United Nations concerned with the problems dealt with in that document. The results of these activities should first of all, through the Economic and Social Council, be concentrated in the General Assembly. The results should, in our opinion, be reviewed at the thirty-first regular session of the General Assembly.
200.	In the light of the results of the seventh special session, the Paris conference, which will convene on the initiative of France and consider the questions of energy, raw materials and development, should adapt itself to the decisions of this session, The conference should concern itself with the implementation of the decisions of the seventh special session because of the role it might play in realizing the most important provisions of those decisions, because of the possible impact affecting the interests of all countries, primarily of the developing ones, and because of the consequences involving the role of the United Nations in the economic field.
201.	In view of the importance and the complexity of the situation, the General Assembly should, at its thirtieth regular session, in our opinion, take the following actions, which should be the subject of specific decisions: request all organizations of the United Nations system to accord, in their activities, the highest priority to the questions contained in the document of the seventh special session which are within the framework of their competence; call on them to submit reports, through the Economic and Social Council at its sixty-first session, to the General Assembly at its thirty-first session with a view to establishing an indispensable link between the Paris Conference and the United Nations; address a request to the participants in the Conference to keep the United Nations regularly informed, through the Council, of the results of the work of the Conference; obtain an understanding that all agreements possibly reached at the Paris Conference should be subject to consideration by the General Assembly.
202.	Three decades of the United Nations give us an opportunity to review the road traversed by the world Organization.
203.	We have always considered that the United Nations is the most appropriate instrument of universal international co-operation, as it was founded on equality and respect for the interests of all countries. It is of exceptional importance that the United Nations should continually contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the solution of urgent and long-range international problems. Yugoslavia, for its part, has contributed to its utmost to the fulfillment of the tasks confronting the world Organization.
204 The strengthening of the role and effectiveness of the United Nations is as was so properly stated by the Secretary-General in his very substantive introduction to his report on the work of the Organization most closely connected with and most directly depends on the political behavior of the Member States, on their attitude towards the obligations they have undertaken in virtue of their membership and of the resolutions adopted by the Organization. The Charter itself has stood the test of time, and, despite certain short-comings and even some outdated provisions, it remains a basis for the regulation of relations among all States. However, the non-implementation of any decision, including even the most widely adopted, due to the behavior of some Member States, is one of the greatest weaknesses of the United Nations, which undermines the confidence ofl e inVe?- national public in its effectiveness.
205.	As long as certain Member States act from positions of strength, exert pressure, utter threats interfere in internal affairs of other states or commit aggression against the independence, sovereignty or territorial integrity of other States; as long as they occupy foreign territories, negate or violate the right of peoples to self-determination, practise racial discrimination and apartheid or violate fundamental human rights; as long as they do not recognize the right of States to dispose in a sovereign manner of their own natural resources and wealth; and as long as they, in any way whatsoever, maintain or establish relationships of foreign domination and hegemony, there can be no international order that would be in harmony with the Charter and with the principles of sovereign equality and equal rights of States.
206.	However, there is no doubt that the United Nations, despite all the difficulties and resistance, has achieved significant results in many areas of international co-operation. With the admission of a large number of new countries, decolonization, and constructive action in a number of crisis areas, with the advancement of co-operation in new fields, the laying of the foundations of a new international economic order, the substantial contribution it has made to the process of relaxation of tension, and with its humanitarian activities, the world Organization has fundamentally changed its character, shape and role. The great advance towards achieving universality and the new relation of forces in the United Nations make possible an ever-greater consideration and gradual resolution of the most important and acute world problems, and enable all Member States, regardless of their size and degree of development, to exert a greater influence on the development of the United Nations and on essential changes in the world.
207.	Along with the other non-aligned countries, Yugoslavia devotes special attention to the constant strengthening and effectiveness of the work of the United Nations. Within the framework of the United Nations, the non-aligned countries constantly strive for its democratization and adaptation to the needs of the international community. They do not desire confrontation, nor do they wish to impose their will on other countries; on the contrary, they favor such relations as will enable all countries to participate in, and contribute to, the search for appropriate solutions, in spite ofthe tendencies towards preserving outdated relationships of dependence and exploitation.
208.	The United Nations has always been a living organism. It reflects the changes in the world and, in its way, reflects the progressive processes in international relations conducive to the freedom, independence, equality and unhindered development of all countries and peoples. The United Nations encounters resistance from forces that attempt to discredit it and reduce its importance. The so-called credibility crisis was artificially provoked. The generally accepted interdependence of all members of the international community is demonstrated in the common search for just solutions of existing international problems, which will lead to the further strengthening ofthe role of the United Nations.
209.	Speaking about how we view the future of the United Nations in this year of the thirtieth anniversary of its existence, we, of course, harbor no illusions
that our goals can be achieved easily or without considerable difficulties. However, we are convinced that, today, the United Nations is basically on the right path and that, through concerted efforts, solutions can be found that are in the over-all interest of the world community.
210.	In conclusion, my delegation believes that this session of the General Assembly would fulfil its task provided it adopted appropriate decisions which would amount to concrete contributions along the following lines: removing the main danger spots by implementing existing decisions; undertaking concrete action for the liberation of peoples who are still under colonial and racist domination; taking a decisive political initiative in the entire area of disarmament; ensuring that the decisions of the seventh special session are put into practice through the timely involvement of the entire system of the United Nations; expanding the process of relaxation of tension to all geographic regions and areas of international relations; ensuring that all important international problems of interest to the whole international community are solved within the United Nations or in close contact with it.
211.	If this session achieves progress along these major lines, we are convinced that an atmosphere of constructive co-operation will be maintained and this will enable us to solve the problems facing the United Nations.


119.	  Mr. President, on behalf of the Hungarian delegation may I warmly congratulate you on your election to the presidency. I am convinced that under your guidance the present session will help to promote the further improvement of the international atmosphere and the settlement of unresolved international problems.
120.	The year 1975 is one of great celebration. This year we have celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of the victory over fascism. This corresponds with the anniversary of the liberation of my country and the anniversary of the creation of the United Nations. The countries of the earth have traveled a long road since the 1940s and the 1950s, a period of great tension, to the present situation of excellent relations and cooperation among countries with different social systems. A very positive role in this connexion has been played by the States members of the Warsaw Pact, the twentieth anniversary of which is also being celebrated this year, States which have by their constructive proposals contributed greatly to the fertile international atmosphere prevailing at present.
121.	The thirtieth session of the General Assembly is convened at a period in which the process of detente has become the main trend in international life. This conclusion has been convincingly borne out by inter-national events in recent years, which indicate that international life has entered a new phase, with detente and peaceful coexistence steadily gaining ground and the concepts and practice of the cold war becoming more and more a thing of the past.
122.	In this extremely favorable development of events, a great role has been played by the socialist countries, and first and foremost by the Soviet Union. The development of their relations with the capitalist countries and, in particular, the improving cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States  has contributed, and will undoubtedly continue to do so in future, to the solution of several complicated inter-national problems.
123.	Of course, we must not lose sight of the fact that detente and peaceful coexistence also have their adversaries, The vestiges of the cold war and of fascism, the various representatives of international reaction who benefit from the arms race, and the enemies of social progress alike, are all trying to disrupt the co-operation between countries with different social systems and to defer the settlement of outstanding international problems, while hatching plans to stir up international tension.
124.	These groups enjoy the support of anti-Soviet politicians self-proclaimed socialists who are harboring dreams of world power.
125.	These days, the forces of peace outnumber the forces speculating in war, but they will be able to triumph only if they concert their efforts and firmly repel the attempts to threaten peace and security.
126.	It was two months ago yesterday that the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe concluded its work. We who were fortunate enough to be able to attend the third phase of the Conference, to hear the statements of the highest-ranking leaders of the participating countries and to be present at the signing of the Final Act of the Conference, all felt that we were witnessing an event of historic significance. The Governments of the countries signatories of the Final Act summed up the principles for peaceful coexistence among countries, determined the broad policies for developing their relations, and worked out some specific ways and means of pursuing those ends, thereby creating favorable conditions for continuous efforts to consolidate peace and security in Europe.
127.	The Government of the Hungarian People's Republic attaches extreme importance to both the Conference and its Final Act. We believe that in months and years to come the signatory countries will have to use their best endeavors to implement the provisions of the Final Act. We, for our part, have already adopted a series of measures to this end. We expect our Western partners to take similar steps for the implementation of the document signed. On this will largely depend whether the enterprise of making Europe a region of stable peace and security, of mutual understanding and fruitful co-operation among States, as well as of stability, can hope to succeed.
128.	We are aware that it will be no easy task to implement the provisions of the Final Act. In the Western countries there are more than a few people who are opposed to peaceful coexistence among countries with different social systems and who have also spoken out against the Conference itself. It may be supposed that these forces will be seeking to hinder, on some pretext or another, the efforts to translate the provisions of the Final Act into real terms. The adherents of peace and security will need all their strength to thwart such machinations.
129.	Let the adherents of peace draw strength from the awareness that a Europe and a North America living in conditions of lasting peace and security would, in view of the vital importance of those continents in world politics, have a favorable influence on the fate of the entire globe.
130.	An outstanding international event of the recent past has been the historic victory of the Vietnamese people and the restoration of peace in Indo-China. It is quite clear that the importance of this event goes well beyond the confines of the region of South-East Asia and contributes its share to the consolidation of international peace throughout the world.
131.	The Government and people of the Hungarian People's Republic have, from the very outset, stood by the heroic people of Viet Nam and have supported their self-sacrificing struggle. We have also supported a just settlement of the Vietnamese question and fulfilled the obligations we had assumed in the International Commission for Supervision and Control and made our contribution to the restoration of peace. We continue to support the Vietnamese people now that there is a case for the admission of their States to the United Nations. We condemn the maneuvers of those who, in disregard of the position taken by the overwhelming majority of Member States, have blocked the admission of those two countries, We are convinced that their admission would strengthen our Organization and enhance its effectiveness. The Hungarian delegation hopes, therefore, that the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam and the Republic of South Viet Nam will become Members of the United Nations as early as this year.
132.	My Government warmly welcomes the victory of the peoples of Laos and Cambodia, which has been another contribution to the consolidation of peace and security in the region of Indo-China.
133.	Several speakers before me have already emphasized that political detente can be durable and be broadened in scope only if it is supplemented by measures within the context of disarmament. Our delegation is pleased to note that last year some headway was made in this respect as well.
134.	We continue to attach great importance to the Soviet-American Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, the results of which are bound to serve the interests not only of those two world Powers but also of each and every country in the world. Precisely for this reason, we look forward with some expectation to an eventual new agreement in this respect.
135.	We are following with great attention the Vienna talks on the reduction of armed forces in Central Europe. The proposals made by the Warsaw Pact countries are aimed at reaching an agreement that will guarantee the security of all the countries concerned and preclude the possibility of any of the parties gaining unilateral military advantages. It is time for the countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to act on the basis of similar considerations and to show due regard for the principle of equal security.
136.	Twelve years have passed since the Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water was signed in Moscow. Mankind pinned great hopes on achieving, on the basis of that treaty, a general and complete cessation of nuclear-weapon tests, but certain Powers for different reasons raised objections to a complete ban on nuclear-weapon tests.
137.	The Government of the Hungarian People's Republic enthusiastically welcomes the Soviet proposal presented at this session for the general and complete prohibition of nuclear-weapon tests and regards it as a timely initiative of very great importance for the future of mankind. It is our hope that all Governments will ultimately comply with the demands of the peoples and will agree to the complete prohibition of nuclear-weapon tests.
138.	My Government similarly lends warm support to another highly important proposal made by the Government of the Soviet Union concerning the prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and of new systems of such weapons. The adoption of this proposal would be a significant step towards curbing the arms race.
139.	The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction [resolution 2826 (XXVI)} entered into force on 26 March this year. The socialist countries, which made considerable efforts to achieve that Convention, will continue to struggle for the complete prohibition of chemical weapons.
140.	With regard to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament at Geneva, we cannot but welcome as a significant result of its work the elaboration of a draft convention, proposed by the Soviet Government, on the prohibition of action to influence the environment and climate for military or other hostile purposes. We hope that the draft presented by the two Co-Chairmen on 21 August will be found by the General Assembly to constitute an appropriate basis for the conclusion of the Convention.
141.	My Government invariably supported as impor-tant and timely the proposals presented by the Govern-ment of the Soviet Union at the previous session of the General Assembly and widely supported by Member States. We attach particular importance to the early convening of a world disarmament conference.
142.	It has never been, nor will it be, an easy task to have disarmament measures adopted. Influential circles which seek to continue and even to step up the arms race still exist in the West in defiance of their Government's officially declared foreign policy course. It is important for the peoples struggling for peace and security to isolate the fanatics of the arms race and to compel them to adopt an attitude in keeping with the interests of the peoples.
143.	The States Members of the United Nations have to make further efforts to solve outstanding international problems because those hotbeds of international tension which poison international life have a negative effect on further progress and may well imperil the results achieved so far in the process of detente.
144.	A favorable development in the European situation and the future of the region bordering on Cyprus are overshadowed by the events connected with that island State. The Hungarian People's Republic unswervingly favors the complete independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. We demand the immediate withdrawal of all foreign military forces and we are strongly opposed to any plan to divide the island State into two parts. My Government believes that the time has come for the Security Council to adopt effective measures for the immediate implementation of its earlier resolutions.
145.	We should like to see the talks between the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus leading to early success through the mediation of the Secretary- General.
146.	The Government and people of the Hungarian People's Republic, in common with all of progressive mankind, welcome with gratification the favorable changes that have taken place in Portugal after the overthrow of Fascist rule. We are glad to see that, in the spirit of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, the Portuguese Government has taken consistent and effective steps to ensure the attainment of independence by its colonies. Certain events, however, that have occurred in Portugal in recent months give us some cause for concern. We find it inadmissible that certain Western politicians are interfering in Portugal's internal affairs. It is solely for the Portuguese people to decide on their future and to choose their way of life. No one is entitled to interfere, either overtly or covertly, in the internal affairs of the Portuguese people.
147.	Turning to the Middle East region, we think that the situation there is still explosive. My Government insists on the need for a comprehensive settlement of the Middle East situation. In principle, we have no objection to the partial results achieved by political means, but only provided that they form part and parcel of a comprehensive settlement taking due regard of the interests of all the parties concerned. In connexion with the recent agreement on the disengagement of Egyptian-Israeli forces, we do not share the optimism of those who brought it about. We are concerned because the agreement fails to solve any of the crucial problems, fails to provide for the complete evacuation of the Arab territories occupied in 1967, and fails to provide recognition of the national rights of the Palestinian Arab people and for guarantees of the security of all countries of the Middle East.
148.	In our view, the most appropriate forum for solving the Middle East conflict is still the Geneva Peace Conference, with the participation of all the interested parties, including the PLO, the Soviet Union and the United States. A settlement of the question, whether it is sought at the Geneva Conference or by other means, cannot be lasting without the participation of the socialist countries, and primarily of the Soviet Union, because without it there can be no agreement guaranteeing the just interests of the Arab peoples.
149.	The fact that international reaction and the imperialist forces are on the move inevitably recalls the tragedy that overtook the people of Chile two years ago. The Chilean Fascist regime continues to keep thousands of patriots in prisons and concentration camps and continues to persecute the progressive forces. The Chilean people, however, continues its heroic struggle, in which it enjoys the support of the progressive forces and public opinion throughout the world.
150.	Nor can we overlook the attempts that can be observed in other Latin American countries. Inter-national and internal reactionaries are plotting to bring about coups similar to the Fascist coup in Chile. Those attempts might dangerously aggravate the international situation, for the reactionary regimes resort precisely to an increase of international tension as a means of holding sway over their peoples.
151.	The progressive forces of Latin America throw up great obstacles to the schemes of the reactionaries. The example of socialist Cuba and other countries of this continent which are pursuing a progressive policy makes their effect increasingly felt on the region of Latin America.
152.	The Hungarian People's Republic has from the very outset supported the noble efforts of the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to achieve the peaceful reunification of that country. My Government demands the withdrawal of foreign troops from South Korea. It was in this spirit that, together with several other States, it requested the inclusion in the agenda of sub-item 119 (a) entitled "Creation of favorable conditions for converting the armistice into a durable peace in Korea and accelerating the independent and peaceful reunification of
Korea". Our delegation, as one of the sponsors of that proposal [AIIQ191 and Add.I-3), hopes that a significant majority of Member Slates will support the draft resolution and thereby contribute to the settlement of a problem which has long been ripe for solution.
153.	My Government is of the opinion that conditions for the establishment of a collective security system in Asia are developing in parallel to the extension of detente. I am referring to this question mainly because 1 am convinced that the establishment of a collective security system in Asia would not only be fully in keeping with the endeavors of the peace-loving peoples of the Asian continent, bul would also contribute significantly to the consolidation of peace and security in general.
154.	The socialist countries have long professed their conviction and given evidence of this conviction by putting forward initiatives and proposals that the economic advance or the developing countries and the reform of international economic relations on new and more equitable foundations are closely interrelated with the results achieved in consolidating peace and security. The gradual realization of the aspirations of developing countries mainly lies in changes in the international correlation or Forces and in the new realities that have emerged En the United Nations and in other international forums. An important stage in this process was marked at the seventh special session by the General Assembly, which, in the resolution adopted [resolution 3361 (S-VIlj] made a great stride forward in seeking the ways; and means of solutions.
155.	It was 15 years ago that the United Nations adopted a Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples [resolution 1514 (XV)]. We are truly overjoyed to be able to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of this event with the attainment of independence by numerous colonial peoples.
156.	Allow me, on behalf of the Government of the Hungarian People's Republic, to welcome the newly admitted States Members of the United Nations: namely, the People's Republic of Mozambique, the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, and the Republic of Cape Verde. My Government has not delayed to recognize these countries as independent and sovereign States. We are convinced that their participation in the work of the United Nations will serve the cause of progress and peace.
157.	In voicing our pleasure and satisfaction over the progress made in the elimination of the colonial system, we must not forget that some monopolistic- capitalist circles are trying to slow down this process.
158.	In Angola, heavy roadblocks continue to be built up on, the way to the country's independence and peaceful development. The intervention of Powers moved by neo-colonialist interests sows discard be-tween the liberation movements and brings fresh trials to the patriots struggling for the country's genuine independence.
159.	The complete liberation of the African peoples cannot be prevented, even by the inhuman racist regimes in Rhodesia and South Africa. World public opinion is becoming evermore resolute in its demands that the peoples of Namibia and Zimbabwe be allowed
to decide their own destiny and to become the real masters of their native lands.
160.	In conformity with the relevant resolution of the General Assembly, my Government has transmitted to the Secretary-General its views regarding the revision of the Charter. We think that, although during the past 50 years substantial changes have taken place in the world, (he provisions of the Charter are still adequate to give effect to the aims and purposes of the United Nations. If in this area there have been, or probably still are, problems, the fault lies not with the Charter. Every Member State should pursue a line of policy consistent with the principles of the Charter, which we have all accepted.
161.	We are firmly convinced that if the efforts to revise the Charter succeeded, the effectiveness of our Organization would be greatly weakened, whereas, by making better use of the possibilities offered by the Charter, we can enhance the efficiency and authority of our Organization.
162.	My Government is likewise firmly convinced that the work of our Organization has become more effective in recent years. In this a major portion of the credit belongs to the Secretary-General, to whom I take this opportunity to convey the best wishes of my Government.
163.	In conclusion. 1 can assure you. Mr. President, that the Hungarian delegation v,iH. at the present session of the General Assembly, also do everything in its power to ensure the successful outcome of the work of our deliberations.


184.	  Mr. President, it is part of a nice tradition at the opening of each session to extend warm congratulations and expressions of support to the President elected by the General Assembly. I should be failing in my duty if I did not join the voice of the delegation of Rwanda to the chorus of praise addressed to you. The honor falls upon me today to express to you on behalf of my delegation our very high esteem and to assure you that we shall contribute fully to the total success of the present session. I do so not out of habit or because of a feeling of conformity but because of the wise choice which conferred upon you the presidency of this session of the Assembly. Your outstanding qualities as a politician and a diplomat of experience warrant the almost unanimous trust which does honor not only to you but also to your country. We are certain that your perspicacity and experience will help each of us to make the fullest and most loyal contribution to the common cause. Our joy is all the greater since there exist between the Republic of Rwanda and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ties of fruitful friendship, rendered especially valuable to us by long years of co-operation and prospects of such co-operation in the future. I take this opportunity to reiterate through you to the Government and people
of Luxembourg the appreciation of the people of Rwanda of the great contribution made to it in support of its development efforts.
185.	Major-General Habyarimana, the President of the Republic of Rwanda, President-Founder of the National Revolutionary Movement for Development, and President of the Committee for National Peace and Unity, never ceases to tell our nation that Rwanda must rely for its development first of all on the efforts of its own sons and daughters. Nevertheless, in this world, which we should like to see united and with its economies complementing each other, the assistance of friendly countries is not only welcome but also obviously necessary to enable Rwanda to make rapid advances on the road to progress.
186.	] should like also to pay a warm tribute to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Mr. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of the twenty-ninth session and the seventh special session of the General Assembly, for his very high sense of responsibility. It is very difficult to find sufficiently eloquent words to describe the manner in which he discharged his lofty mission. At both sessions he never ceased to make the fullest contribution to the cause of the United Nations, firmly convinced, as we all should be, that the future of our Organization cannot be conceived of without a just peace and the equitable distribution of the wealth of our planet. His well known dynamism and his clear sightedness do honor to the United Nations and to Africa. I congratulate him with emotion and I hope that his example will long continue.
187.	I am very happy to reiterate the full confidence of the Government of Rwanda in the Secretary-General. My Government is happy to see the responsibility and competence with which he carries out his noble mission. We follow with interest and satisfaction the tireless efforts of the Secretary-General to make of our Organization an effective and dynamic instrument in the service of peace, of the dignity of the human person and the well-being of all peoples. His many trips to Europe, Asia, America and Africa bear witness to his constant concern to assume, in addition to his daily functions, all his burdensome international responsibilities. We extend to him our very warmest appreciation.
188.	It is a particular pleasure for me to welcome Mozambique, Sao Tome and Principe, the Cape Verde Islands and very soon Angola, into the family of the United Nations. The warm welcome we extend to them is as intense as the joy we feel in finding ourselves amongst brothers and friends after so many years of struggle for the national independence and the liberation of Africa. That struggle is known to all of us and many of us know its price. We extend our sincere congratulations to all those who have resolutely and with devotion committed themselves to the defence of their inalienable rights to self-determination and independence. To all those martyrs, to all our heroes of today and of yesterday, I should like, at the beginning of my statement, to pay a solemn tribute which I know is not only mine but also that of the unanimous African peoples.
189.	The independence and the admission to the world Organization of the sister States which I have just mentioned is a source of great satisfaction to us.
We have reason to be pleased at the happy changes in Portugal and the abolition of the pernicious regime of Salazar and Caetano. Regrettably there are still unjust and oppressive Governments which threaten innocent populations with the holocaust of war and the specter of death.
190.	The humiliation and the frustration inflicted on the people of Zimbabwe by a handful of white colonialists, to which the United Kingdom has remained indifferent, the regime of apartheid in South Africa, the illegal establishment of the regime of Pretoria in Namibia, and the fratricidal struggles in Angola on the eve of independence, the still explosive situation in the Middle East, the misery and desolation left behind in Indo-China after long years of unlawful war: these are matters of pressing concern to us.
191.	I already had occasion to state on all these problems the position of my Government which is reflected in our determination to work for the maintenance of international peace and security, for the development of friendly relations and relations of cooperation based on the principles of equality, mutual respect, economic relations based on the acknowledgment of the legitimate rights of all the parties concerned and finally for the necessary solidarity among all nations.
192.	The Government of Rwanda will continue, under the enlightened guidance of its Chief, Major-General Habyarimana, President of the Republic of Rwanda, President-Founder of the National Revolutionary Movement for Development and President of the Committee for Peace and National Unity, to draw inspiration from those principles. Our domestic and foreign policy, in particular with regard to our friends and neighbors, will always be made to serve the goals of our Organization. Indeed, we consider that the commitment of all nations to that ideal is the only way to secure happiness and prosperity for all peoples.
193.	An over-all view of the international situation and more particularly of the questions before us at this session clearly shows that, although there are positive results in some areas, in others the situation remains disquieting, not to say disastrous.
194.	In Africa we registered with relief the practical measures taken by the new Portuguese regime in favor of decolonization. None the less, we deplore the deterioration of the situation in Angola at a time when the eradication of colonialism and the struggle against racism are entering their most decisive phase. The information we have about that sister State is in no way reassuring. In fact, scenes of violence and fratricidal struggles lead to bloodshed and tears. Negotiations to put a final end to the fighting are difficult to the extent that it is not always easy to find common ground for understanding when foreign or outside influences play a role of hegemony which has been wisely and patiently prepared.
195.	Yet, it is our duty to warn the leaders of the liberation movements against any threat of explosion on their territory. A civil war could only be a delaying factor for them and it could also be damaging to the development of the nation and a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, they must overcome all contradictions and divisions created and inflamed by those bent on the destruction of Africa, and become
aware of the need to find democratic and peaceful solutions, the only ones that can open prospects for the peaceful future of the territory and the security of the continent as a whole.
196.	Owing to the goodwill shown by the Portuguese Government, we hope that Lisbon will keep to its commitments to the very end and grant independence to all the colonies in the best possible conditions.
197.	In Rhodesia, the diplomatic and political combat waged for more than 10 years appears to us, if not useless, at least ineffective. Some like to think that the United Kingdom and its racist allies in Southern Rhodesia will arrive at a better understanding of the legitimate claims of the people of Zimbabwe. The experience acquired after long years of struggle has sufficiently shown that our Organization is facing a dialog of the deaf. In effect, instead of liberating 5 million men from the Rhodesian rebellion, the United Kingdom gives its financial and military support to Ian Smith against the people of Zimbabwe, who are inspired only by their faith and their rights against subjugation by a racist minority.
198.	Our Organization none the less has always hoped that the United Kingdom, which was the first State to sign the Charter of the United Nations after a violent war to liberate itself from Nazism, would feel honor bound to put down the Rhodesian rebellion, which is an outrageous affront not only to Her Majesty's Government, but to mankind as a whole.
199.	Year after year we face in South Africa the same mocking cynicism fomented by the same accomplices of the regime of Pretoria and Salisbury. A handful of voracious tyrants imposes terror and horrendous discrimination for too long for anyone to remain indifferent. Mass executions, assassinations and killings, imprisonments without trial, racist oppression of all types of which the Africans are victims, constitute the daily spectacle of Vorster.
200.	How much longer will the world remain indifferent to the cries of anguish from so many millions of people? Vorster himself and his blood-thirsty clique distinguish themselves in Namibia by a savage repression of the only liberation movement SWAPO. And yet our Organization drove away that usurper from the Territory on the very day when Namibia was declared under the control of the United Nations Council for Namibia.
201.	The Pretoria regime continues to disregard the unanimous will of the Members of our Organization and remains on that Territory to perpetuate its shameful policy of bantustans. In the meantime the world agrees in saying "Namibia should become free with its territory intact" while Pretoria stubbornly Balkanizes it and maintains its hegemony there. We have repeatedly condemned Vorster's regime. Resolutions and measures have been adopted to this effect, and each year we return to this forum to deplore the same horrors of apartheid, much to the amusement of the Pretoria representatives. Will the Organization capitulate to persistent provocations by Vorster? Will it ultimately declare an admission of failure in the face of that monster whose only equal was Hitler? All States must collectively and jointly seek definitive peaceful solutions, including the expulsion of South Africa from the Organization, in order to settle the problems
of apartheid and racial discrimination, with which we are faced anew each year. Otherwise we shall have failed in abiding by all the good principles which should inspire us and which form the very basis of our Charter.
202.	Although the explosive situation in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia has received our attention because of the political immorality which prevails in that part of the world, the fate of other territories under colonial domination is equally deserving of our attention.
203.	For some time now the United Kingdom has led us to believe that it would grant independence to Seychelles in 1975. The year is coming to an end but no practical step has been taken to that effect. Following the rather flexible yet sufficiently precise timetable given by the Government of the United Kingdom, it was supposed to grant independence in 1975. It is to be feared that the interests concerned with the military bases and foreign fleets are delaying the process of accession by that territory to its national sovereignty. This international forum should insist on the complete liberation of the Seychelles.
204.	With respect to the Comoros, we welcome with satisfaction the proclamation of that Territory's independence. Difficulties persist, but we hope that the new independent State will settle its problems in full sovereignty without outside pressure or interference.
205.	The case of the Sahara under Spanish domination has been submitted to the International Court of Justice. It is therefore desirable for the parties involved to refrain from any unilateral action while waiting for the Court to take a decision, and my delegation hopes that this will take place as soon as possible since any delay could only lead to disorder and contempt of justice. We honestly hope that peaceful solutions will soon be worked out in order to settle this dispute.
206.	In the case of the Middle East, the reopening of the Suez Canal to international traffic, the unconditional reduction of Israeli forces in the vicinity of the Canal and the renewal of the mandate of the United Nations forces in charge of disengagement on the Syrian-Israeli front, have created a climate which favors the continuation of negotiations. However, my Government is pleased; with the recent agreement concluded between Israel and Egypt on the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Sinai and the Egyptian oilfields  thanks to the very praiseworthy efforts of the Government of the United States. Similar measures must be found in order to arrive at a just peace settlement which will take account of the interests of all concerned. In that connexion, withdrawal from the territories illegally occupied by Israel, respect for the right of the Palestinian people to dispose of their territory, mutual recognition and the security of the borders of all States of the region, including Israel, constitute prerequisites for a stable peace, an essential condition for fruitful co-operation between Israel and its neighbors. None the less, my delegation must condemn the attitude of Israel, which continues to flout the Charter and the resolutions of the United Nations. In our view Israel's behavior constitutes a grave threat to international peace and security.
207.	That is why, in the opinion of my delegation all the measures taken against Israel by the United
Nations should be not relaxed, but rather strengthened. Israel must finally understand that its behavior is intolerable, that its place among those who work for peace, justice and freedom in the world can only be justified today by the hope of all those who believe that if the United Nations shows itself firm and persevering, Israel will end up by understanding the value of the rules of international law and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and will abide by them.
208.	These are our views within the framework of the policy which my Government has followed concerning the Middle East.
209.	The internal logic of the conflict in Cyprus leads us to stress that, without foreign armed intervention, without strategic interests on the part of certain Powers and without aims for annexation by the parties on the territory of Cyprus, the two communities should be able to find peaceful solutions to their specific problems. Outside interference should resolutely be eliminated from that territory if we wish to achieve consistent and stable solutions.
210.	My delegation keenly regrets that the new axis in the struggle for influence in South-East Asia is slowly but surely moving towards South Korea. As we have said many times, it is up to the Korean people to take a sovereign decision on its reunification and freely to work out its destiny. To achieve that, first of all foreign troops must unconditionally leave South Korea, and contacts between the interested parties must be resumed.
211.	Is there any need to recall that the admission of Korea to our Organization should also be seen from the standpoint of a single representation for the whole Korean people without any division of any kind?
212.	In Indo-China the war has for many years inflicted cruel suffering on the Vietnamese and Cambodian peoples. We can only be happy that it has come to an end notwithstanding the aftermath and we hope that the brave Vietnamese people, which freed itself from foreign aggression, will come to occupy the seat which belongs to it in the family of free nations. I greet with enthusiasm the liberation of those peoples and ] encourage them to address themselves with as much determination as they had during that memorable war to national reconstruction, in peace, order and security both domestic as well as external.
213.	In addition, it would be neither moral nor right for the major Powers involved to shirk their responsibilities now that it is necessary to reconstruct those countries which were so harshly struck. This is why we still think that all the States involved should be able to overcome feelings of disappointment and rancor in order to assist those peoples who were the victims of the longest war in modern times. It is in that context that the Government of Rwanda gives its firm support to the appeal of the Secretary-General to provide humanitarian assistance to Indo-China. We look forward to a generous response on the part of all, particularly the wealthier countries.
214.	The Government of Rwanda appreciated the speedy and important action of many Governments and international organizations which gave assistance to victims of drought, famine and other natural disasters. My country was among those which received
the benefit of that assistance, and we reiterate our appreciation to all those who gave us their kind attention during those difficult times of want.
215.	With regard to disarmament, we encourage the efforts of our Organization and the attempts of the major Powers to arrive at an international agreement to limit the armaments race. Indeed we feel that the enormous sums devoted to research and to the creation of destructive weapons would have far more appreciable results if they were put to the service of development and peace. We think that it is rather the moral view of the world that should be taken into account and not the ambition of keeping the world on its knees because some countries have enormous means of destruction,
216.	The modern world needs peace and happiness. Those savage believers in Julius Caesar's precept that, if you want peace, you must prepare for war must understand that 20 centuries of effort towards friendship and co-operation among nations accuse and condemn them. It is indeed folly to speak of peace while manufacturing guns. That is why my delegation categorically condemns the arms race, and particularly the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
217.	We remain convinced that the world will not find salvation by striving to eliminate an excess of population, but rather by trying to make all men productive, without any discrimination whatsoever.
218.	Recent years have witnessed the adoption of many provisions, both national and international, which in varying degrees show that there is an awareness of the imperative need to ensure greater social justice and in particular better social conditions for women.
219.	International Women's Year, 1975, was greeted by statements by Heads of State, legislative measures by many Governments, seminars, conferences, lectures and many other public celebrations.
220.	All those activities and measures showed in a striking fashion the timeliness of stressing particularly respect for the fundamental rights of women, who are equal but also complementary to men.
221.	At a time when nations need all their living forces in all areas, it is necessary to renounce prejudice and exclusivity.
222.	Women must be effectively and fully integrated in the process of development so that they may contribute to the group to which they belong their share of activities and prosperity.
223.	"If by her nature woman is intended to be a. mother, she is also an educator. The major part", Alexandre Vinet said, "and the most decisive part in the education of both sexes is in the hands of women. A great power has been given to them. To withdraw it from their hands is impossible."
224.	It is therefore understandable that the role of women in our society can be neither underestimated nor ignored. That is why we cannot remain indifferent in the face of the urgent need to ensure equal rights, possibilities and responsibilities for men and women.
225 We express our very warm feelings of sympathetic understanding of the efforts made by our Organization to ensure the integration of women in political, economic and cultural life.
226.	It is now a question of bringing about a just restructuring of relations between industrialized and developing countries.
227.	Before entering into the substance of the subject, I should like to express my satisfaction at the setting in motion and development of Arab-African cooperation. Recently we have witnessed the efforts which the Arab countries have made to assist other developing countries.
228.	We hope that this example will become more widespread and will serve as an incentive to the wealthy countries to help the least favored nations. We also hope that other measures will be taken to give new and original scope to ever-changing international co-operation.
229.	What is the position today? By means of a permanent dialog the major Powers, which yesterday were divided into two antagonistic blocs, have little by little changed from a long cold war to move towards the climate of detente which is essential for the achievement of fruitful co-operation based on mutual respect.
230.	The countries of the third world, which for a long time were exploited by the colonial Powers, became poorer and poorer because of the pillage and waste of their natural resources through a shameless policy of exploitation by those Powers, which became wealthy beyond measure and today eiyoy scandalous opulence, while three quarters of mankind stagnate in the most sordid misery.
231.	The sixth special session of the Assembly, having established that certain States of the third world were on the very edge of the precipice because of the present world economic crisis, appealed to the rich countries to assist them in their distress.
232.	That appeal was more or less heeded by those who still feel compassion for human misery, but the assistance provided was very far from what the hungry expected of international solidarity. Furthermore, the promised assistance was not given in time to those countries which needed it.
233.	Such indifference in the face of those blatant inequalities among members of the same community constitutes an international moral crisis. And yet it is that international morality which links us and in whose name we preach this dialog which invites us to achieve without delay that common instrument of our future, the new international economic order based on justice, fairness and equality.
234.	We were happy to see that throughout the work of the seventh special session, the parties involved and I am speaking of the industrialized countries and the countries of the third world  attempted to find points of convergence rather than of divergence.
235.	It was therefore with true satisfaction that my delegation welcomed the unanimous adoption of resolution 3362 (S-VII) and its annexes by the General Assembly.
236.	It is true that the road is long from words to deeds but, since the political will to act which previously was always lacking in our various meetings
seems to have become manifest in that historic session, there are grounds for believing that a great step forward has been taken towards a change of attitude and that we are coming closer to the objectives of the Charter of our Organization.
237.	Is not this the very meaning of the existence of our Organization?
238.	Those wars which caused such unspeakable suffering originated in a poor distribution of the wealth of our planet. The United Nations, which was born of the ruins of one of those wars in order to prevent new scourges of that type which would create bad relations between rich and poor, should favor the development of that new international economic order.
239.	The preamble to the Charter states:
"We the peoples of the United Nations determined
"to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
"to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and
"to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and
"to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, . . ."
240.	In quoting the Preamble of the Charter, I want to point out that even those countries which were not represented on that historic occasion and I mean countries of the third world in general and those of Africa in particular subscribed to the Charter when they were admitted to the United Nations.
241.	Furthermore, desirous of faithfully and fully discharging their obligations to the community and to promote the great ideals of this Organization, the countries of the third world, grouped in the great non-aligned movement, intend to play a major role in international relations.
242.	In requesting the revision of the Charter to adjust it to the imperative needs and realities of our time, the countries of the third world, more concerned than others in the settlement of certain problems, such as colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, Zionism, racial discrimination and apartheid, of which they are frequently victims, wish to see a Charter that will be a code of conduct for all States in their international relations, and not a collection of privileges for those same Powers of yesterday.
243.	In requesting the establishment of a new international economic order based on equality, fairness, independence and justice, the countries of the third world wish to translate into deeds the feelings which inspired the illustrious authors of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
244.	In that connexion, the Declaration and the Program of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, adopted by consensus on 1 May 1974 by the General Assembly, are an eloquent illustration of that concern.
245.	The unity which has characterized the attitude of the delegations of the non-aligned Member States is not a dictatorship by the majority, as some would have had public opinion think, but a real growth of awareness on the part of the majority of our Organization, which wishes to put an end to the economic disorder which stems from an anachronistic and obsolete economic order.
246.	The countries of the third world, therefore, invite their partners, the developed countries, to examine calmly the proposals made to them in all honesty and objectivity in an effort to do away forever with that evil which afflicts both poor and rich alike.
247.	My delegation welcomes the initiative taken by the President of France, Mr. Valery Giscard d'Estaing, to organize an international conference to deal with energy and other raw materials. This willingness to talk and to have a dialog, which is a constant element in the foreign policy of France, meets with the approval of most of us. If the preparatory conference did not succeed, the responsibility is that of those who always want to have their way. My delegation remains convinced that the obstacles of a psychological nature will be overcome and that that conference will finally take place. The interests of all, and the very survival of mankind, are at stake. It is regrettable that, since the third world made its voice heard to demand the establishment of a new international economic order, we find, at international conferences organized for that purpose, attitudes which are not constructive or which are merely negative on the part of certain Powers, and those not the least among them.
248.	Those attitudes which sometimes are accompanied by threats to use force, in order to take over the resources of others, are all the more regrettable in view of the fact that proposals of the third world conceal nothing that could in any way injure their rights or status as great Powers. The aim of the various proposals and declarations is simply the orderly development of the third world and the continued growth of the industrialized countries, thanks to the advantageous prices of raw materials to be established by common agreement,
249.	The delegation of Rwanda thinks that the time has come to find an equitable solution to the very thorny problem of a reform of the international monetary system, whose ineffectiveness no longer needs to be demonstrated. To that end, we believe that only a Program of sincere co-operation among peoples can do away with the flagrant inequalities that exist today among rich and poor.
250.	That is why we reiterate here our faith in the world Organization, which is a place where we can exchange and enrich our experience, the variety of which will lead all of us to feel, even more strongly than before, the need for solidarity.
251.	My delegation expresses the wish that the urgent appeal made in this forum by the third world will be favorably received by the well-to-do countries which fn fact do have the magic key to the problem which affects us: namely, the problem of the fatal abyss which separates the rich and the poor on our planet.
252.	The Republic of Rwanda, for its part, is happy to proclaim once again its faith in our Organization
and its willingness to contribute to the improvement of relations among men.